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The Comparability of Ontological Descriptions: A Structural Translation Theory Based on the Preservation of Descriptive Roles

Yamashita, Hiroki
PhilArchive · Papers
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philosophy
Traditional ontology asks what exists. However, because each ontological theory presupposes its own criteria of existence and conditions of identity, comparison between theories is not straightforward. This paper reformulates the problem as follows: under what conditions can translations between ontological descriptions be constructed so as to preserve distinctions corresponding to descriptive roles? To formalize the comparability of ontological descriptions, this paper introduces a structure M=(X,H,Φ,V,U), which formalizes descriptive roles corresponding to identification, change, possibility, branching comparison, and structural transformation. Inter-theoretic translation is then defined in terms of conditions preserving the structural distinctions associated with these descriptive roles. A translation satisfying all preservation conditions is defined as a strong translation. On this basis, ontological disagreement is reformulated not as a disagreement over the content of entities themselves, but as a structural problem concerning how descriptive roles are realized and under what conditions their distinctions can be preserved. The paper thus provides a formal framework for the comparability of ontological descriptions through structure-preserving translation. 従来の存在論は『何が存在するか』を問うが、各理論は固有の存在基準および識別条件を前提とするため、理論間比較は自明ではない。本論文はこの問題を、『どの存在記述間において、記述機能の区別を保持する翻訳が構成可能であるか』という問題へ再定義する。 本論文では、存在記述の比較可能性を定式化するため、識別・変化・可能性・分岐比較・構造変容に対応する記述機能を、構造 M=(X,H,Φ,V,U) によって形式化する。さらに、理論間翻訳を、これらの記述機能に対応する構造的区別を保存する条件として定義し、すべての保存条件を満たす翻訳を強翻訳と呼ぶ。 これにより、存在論的対立は、存在者の内容的差異ではなく、記述機能がどの構造によって実現され、その区別がどの条件のもとで保存可能であるかという構造的問題として再定式化される。本論文は、存在記述間の比較可能性を定式化するための形式的構造翻訳枠組みを与える。
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