DISCRETE SUBSTRATE, STANDARD MODEL GAUGE-GROUP SELECTION, AND THE MEASURE PROBLEM: a critical-propositional analysis of T. Morgan's article in confrontation with the Theory of Objectivity

Teoria da Objetividade; Vidamor Cabannas; Denivaldo Silva; Theory of Objectivity; T. Morgan; discrete mathematics; mathematical physics; ordered pairs; nonnegative integers; differentiation counts; absolute difference; monotonic invariant; discrete dynamical systems; graph theory; directed graphs; finite-valence networks; combinatorics; triangular closure; modular arithmetic; congruence classes; cyclic group of order three; grading modulo three; hierarchical carry; transfer operator; linear operators; sparse matrices; eigenvalue problem; dominant eigenvalue; positive eigenvector; Perron–Frobenius theory; spectral analysis; operator identity; numerical residual; asymptotic behavior; state-space dynamics; irreversibility; discrete oscillation; annihilation by equalization; algebraic classification; Lie groups; Lie algebras; representation theory; gauge symmetry; Standard Model gauge group; special unitary group of degree three; special unitary group of degree two; unitary group of degree one; direct product of gauge groups; unitarity; complex representations; asymptotic freedom; anomaly cancellation; rank constraints; left–right symmetry; parity transformation; chirality; axial coupling; pseudoscalar structure; no-go theorem; emergent geometry; graph distance; Hausdorff dimension; spectral dimension; dimensional flow; measure theory; update measure; density weighting; stochastic growth; scale dependence; pre-geometric substrate; mathematical ontology; modal logic; modal necessity; Law of Logical Minimum; triadic observation; Expansive Inducer Effect; Reductive Inducer Effect; informational transcendence; atomic radiation; computational verification; numerical simulation; falsification criteria; AI-assisted analysis.