A Short History of English Agriculture

APPENDIX I Herefords. [744] Herefordshire cattle have long been famous as one of the finest breeds in the world. Marshall, writing in 1788, does not hesitate to say, 'The Herefordshire breed of cattle, taking it all in all, may without risque be deemed the first breed of cattle in the land.' Their origin has been accounted for in various ways. Some say they were originally brown or reddish-brown from Normandy or Devon, others that they came from Wales, while it is recorded that Lord Scudamore in the latter half of the seventeenth century introduced red cows with white faces from Flanders. However, they do not emerge from obscurity until about the middle of the eighteenth century, when Messrs. Tomkins, Weyman, Yeomans, Hewer, and Tully devoted their energies to establishing a county breed. There were four varieties of Herefords, which have now practically merged into the red with white face, mane, and throat: the mottle face, with red marks intermixed with the parts usually white; the dark greys; light greys; and the red with the white face. The rivalry between the breeders of the white and the mottle faces almost caused the failure of the Herd-Book commenced in 1845 by Mr. Eyton. The mottle-faced party seems to have been then the most influential, but the dark and light grey varieties also had strong adherents. In 1857 Mr. Duckham took over the management of the Herd-Book, and to his exertions the breed owes a deep debt of gratitude. One of the greatest supporters of the Herefordshire breed was Mr. Westcar of Creslow, who, starting in 1779, attended Hereford October Fair for forty years, and when the Smithfield Show commenced in 1799 won innumerable first prizes there with Herefordshire cattle. Between 1799 and 1811 twenty of his Herefordshire prize oxen averaged £ 106 6 s. each, and at the sale of Mr. Ben Tomkins's herd after his death in 1819 twenty-eight breeding animals averaged £ 152, one cow fetching £ 262 15 s. Herefords are famous for their feeding qualities at grass, and good stores are scarce, the best being fattened on their native pastures. They are not only almost the only breed in their own county, but few English counties south of Shropshire are without them; they have done well in Ireland, and in Canada, the United States, South America, and Australia have attained great success. They are not so well qualified for crossing as Shorthorns, but have blended well with that breed, and produced good crosses with Ayrshires and Jerseys, but not with Devons. It has been said that they are not a favourite sort with London butchers, as they require time to ripen, which does not suit a hurrying age. Hence they probably flourished best under the old school of graziers, who sometimes kept them to six or seven years old. At all events they are a very fine breed for beef purposes, their meat being particularly tender, juicy, and fine-grained. They are seldom kept for dairy purposes, being poor milkers; consequently the calf is nearly always allowed to run with the dam, which accounts for the fact that one seldom sees pure-bred Herefords that are not well grown. The highest price paid for a Hereford was 4,000 guineas for Lord Wilton in 1884. Devons. The cattle of North Devon can be traced as the peculiar breed of the county from which they take their name from the earliest records. Bradley mentioned the red cattle of Somerset in 1726, and no doubt there were many in Devonshire. [745] William Marshall states (1805), and he is supported by subsequent writers, that 'they are of the middle horn class', and in his time so nearly resembled the Herefordshire breed in frame, colour, and horn, as not to be distinguishable from them, except in the greater cleanness of the head and fore-quarters, and their smaller size. Yet they could not have had the white faces and throats of the Herefords, as they have always been famous for their uniformity in colour—a fine dark red. [746] He also compares them to the cattle of Sussex and the native cattle of Norfolk. [747] The Devons then differed very much in different parts of the county; those of North Devon taking the lead, being 'nearly what cattle ought to be'. They were, considered as draught animals, the best workers anywhere beyond all comparison, though rather small, for which deficiency they made up in exertion and agility. As dairy cattle they were not very good, since rearing for the east country graziers had long been the main object of Devon cattle farmers, but as grazing cattle they were excellent. Vancouver, a few years after this, praised their activity in work and their unrivalled aptitude to fatten, but says they were then declining in their general standard of excellence, and in numbers, owing to the great demand for them from other parts of England, where the buyers (Mr. Coke, who had established a valuable herd of them, and others) spared neither pains nor price to obtain those of the highest excellence. This danger was clearly perceived by Francis Quartly of Molland, who set to work to remedy it by systematically buying the choicest cows he could procure. As the reputation and perhaps continuance of the Devon breed is due to him more than to any other man, his account of his own efforts on behalf of it is specially valuable. [748] At the end of the eighteenth century the principal North Devon yeomen were all breeders, and every week you might see in the Molton Market, their natural locality, animals that would now be called choice. There were few cattle shows in those days, and therefore the relative value of animals was not so easily tested. The war prices tempted many farmers to sell their best bulls and cows out of the district, so that good animals were becoming scarce, and the breed generally going back. Mr. Quartly therefore for years bought all the best animals he could find with rare skill and judgement, and continued to improve his stock till he brought it to perfection. About the year 1834 cattle shows began at Exeter, and for the first year or two Mr. Quartly did not compete; then he allowed his nephews to enter in all the classes, and they brought home all the prizes. This lead they kept, and at the Royal Show at Exeter in 1850 their stock obtained nine out of the ten prizes for Devons. The Devon Herd-Book was first published in 1851 by Captain T.T. Davy, and a writer in 1858 says that of twenty-nine prize bulls in the first three volumes twenty-seven were descended from the Quartly bull Forester, and of thirty-four prize cows twenty-nine from the cow Curly, also of their stock. Among other famous breeders of Devons contemporary with Quartly were Messrs. Merson, Davy, Michael Thorne, Yapp, Buckingham, the Halses, and George Turner. In 1829 Moore says, 'The young heifers of North Devon, with their taper legs, the exact symmetry of their form, and their clear coats of dark red, are pictures of elegance.' Their superiority for grazing and draught was proved by the high prices demanded for them, but they were not equally esteemed as dairy animals, [749] though of late years this reproach has been removed. The ploughing of two acres of fallow land was the common work of four oxen, which, when fattened at five years old, would reach eleven score a quarter. Since the publication of the Herd-Book, Devons have spread all over the world, to Mexico, Jamaica, Canada, Australia, France, and United States, and the fact that in their original home they have been largely kept by tenant farmers proves them a good rent-paying breed. Yet it cannot be pretended that away from their native country they are as much valued as the Shorthorn and Hereford. The South Hams breed of South Devon is a distinct variety, though it is believed to be descended from the 'Rubies' [750] and apparently has at some time been crossed with the Guernsey; they are good milkers and attain a great size, but the quality of the meat is decidedly inferior to that of North Devon. From the earliest times the real Devon colour has been red, varying from a dark to a lighter or almost chestnut shade; half a century ago the lighter ones were more numerous than at present, and they are often of richer quality though less hardy than the dark ones. The Sussex is larger and coarser than the Devon, of a deep brown chestnut colour, very hardy, a beef-producing but not a milk-yielding sort. Longhorns, [751] a generation ago nearly extinct, once the favourite cattle of the midlands and portions of the north, are descended from a breed long established in the Craven district of Yorkshire. 'The true Lancashire,' said Young in 1770, 'were Longhorns, and in Derbyshire were a bastard sort of Lancashires.' [752] It was this breed that Bakewell improved, and of late years great efforts, chiefly in Warwickshire and Leicestershire, have been made to revive it. The Red Polled, or Norfolk Polled, is the only hornless breed of English cattle, and they are good milkers and fatteners. The Lincoln Red is a small red variety of the Shorthorn. Many of the Welsh breeds have spread into the adjacent parts of England, and may be classified as North and South Welsh, or Angleseys and Castle Martins; black in colour, and generally with long horns. The Scottish cattle—the Aberdeen Angus, the Galloways, the Highland breed, and the Ayrshires—are also seen in England, but not so often as the Jerseys and Guernseys from the Channel Islands, while the small Dexters and Kerrys from Ireland are favourites with some English farmers. SHEEP The sheep of the British Isles may be divided into three main classes:— 1. Longwools, containing Leicesters, Border Leicester's, Cotswolds, Lincolns, Kentish, Devon Longwool, South Devon, Wensleydale, and Roscommon. 2. Shortwools: the Oxford Downs, Southdowns, Shropshires, Hampshire Downs, Suffolks, Ryelands, Somerset and Dorset Horned, and Clun Forest. 3. Mountain breeds: Cheviots, Blackfaced Mountain, Herdwick, Lonk, Dartmoor, Exmoor, Welsh Mountain, and Limestone. These are all English except the Border Leicester, Cheviot, and Blackfaced Mountain, which are Scotch; the Welsh Mountain is of course Welsh, and the Roscommon Irish. 1. The Leicesters, the largest and in many respects the most important of British longwool sheep, are the sheep which Bakewell improved so greatly. They are capable of being brought to a great weight, and their long fine wool averages 7 lb. to the fleece. The Border Leicesters are an offshoot of the last named, bred on the Scottish Border, and originating from the flock which George and Matthew Culley in 1767 took from the Tees to the Tweed. The Cotswolds have been on the Gloucestershire hills for ages, and have long been famous for the length of their fleece, hardiness, and breeding qualities. The Lincoln is the result of the old native breed of the county improved by Leicester blood. They have larger heads and denser and heavier wool than the Leicesters, averaging 8 to 9 lb. to the fleece, but have been known to yield 14 lb. The Kentish or Romney Marsh have long existed in the district whence they obtain their name, but are not much known away from that locality. The Devon Longwool is a result of the infusion of Leicester blood among the old Bampton stock of Devonshire called Bampton Notts or polled sheep. The South Devons or South Hams are another local breed, and are a result of the improvement of the South Hams Notts by the Leicester. The Wensleydales are descendants of the old Teeswater breed, itself a variety of the old Leicester and improved by the new Leicesters of Culley. 2. Oxford Downs, a modern black-faced breed, now widely spread all over the midland counties, are a mixture of Cotswolds with Hampshire Downs and Southdowns, and originated at the beginning of Queen Victoria's reign, but were not definitely so called till 1857. This cross of two distinct varieties, the long and the short wool, has approximated to the shortwool type. The Southdown, formerly Sussex Down, an old breed bred for ages on the chalky soils of the South Downs, is 'perhaps', says Youatt, 'the most valuable breed in the kingdom.' It was to John Ellman of Glynde, at the end of the eighteenth century, that they owe their present perfection, and they have exercised as much influence among the shortwools as the Leicesters among the longwools. The Shropshire sheep is a descendant of the original Longmynd or old Shropshire sheep, which began to be crossed by the Southdown at the commencement of the nineteenth century. [753] They were recognized as a distinct breed in 1853, and since then have become one of the most valued breeds, combining the symmetry and quality of the Southdown with the weight of the Cotswold and the fattening tendency of the Leicester, with a hardier constitution. The Hampshire Down is another instance of the widespread influence of the Southdown, being the result of crossing that breed with the old Wiltshire sheep, which had long curling horns, and the Berkshire Knott. They are heavier than the Shropshire, and are perhaps more distinguished for early maturity than any other breed. The Suffolk is derived from the old horned Norfolk ewe mated with the Southdown, and was first granted its name in 1859. The Ryeland is a small, hornless, white-faced breed which has been in Herefordshire for centuries, but of late years has dwindled in numbers before the advent of the Shropshire. The Somerset and Dorset Horned is another old breed, preserved in a pure state, much improved in modern times, and very hardy. The Clun Forest breed of West Shropshire and the adjacent parts of Wales is a mixture of the Ryeland, Shropshire, and Welsh breeds. 3. The Cheviot is found on both sides of the hills of that name, though Northumberland is said to be its original home, and it was improved in the eighteenth century by crossing with the Lincoln. The Blackfaced Mountain breed is found chiefly in Scotland, but thrives on the bleak grazing lands of the north of England. The Herdwicks' home is the hills of Cumberland and Westmoreland, where they are hardy enough to fatten on the poor, thin pasture. The Lonk is the largest mountain breed, belonging to the fells of Yorkshire and Lancashire. The Dartmoors and Exmoors almost certainly came from one stock, though the former are now the larger, and are the few real survivors of the old forest or mountain breeds of England. The Exmoor is horned, the Dartmoor hornless. The Welsh Mountain is a small, hardy, soft-woolled breed, their mutton having the best flavour of any sheep, and their wool making the famous Welsh flannel. The Limestone is little known outside the fells of Westmoreland. PIGS Our pigs may be roughly divided into white, black, and red; the first comprising the Large, Middle, and Small Whites, formerly called Yorkshires; the second the Small Black (Suffolk or Essex), the Large Black only recently recognized, but apparently very ancient, and the Berkshire, which often has white marks on face, legs, or tail. The red is the Tamworth, one of the oldest breeds, its skin being red with dark spots. FOOTNOTES: [734] Youatt, Complete Grazier (1900), p. 388; cf. pp. 104-5. [735] Youatt, Complete Grazier (1900), p. 6. [736] See above. [737] Rural Economy of West of England , i. 235 cf. above, p. 235. [738] See above. [739] ii. 126; about 1770. [740] Youatt, Complete Grazier , p. 18, and see 'Druid', Saddle and Sirloin . [741] Cf. supra, p. 167. [742] Culley on Live Stock (1807), p. 42. [743] See p. 233. [744] Much of these accounts of Herefords and Devons is from the author's articles in the Victoria County History . [745] See above. [746] Risdon, Survey (1810), Introd. p. viii. [747] Rural Economy of West of England , i. 235. Risdon says of Devonshire: 'As to cattle, no part of the Kingdom is better supplied with beasts of all sorts, whether for profit or pleasure,' those for pleasure being apparently wild ones kept in parks.—Chapple's Review of Risdon's Survey , p. 23. [748] R.A.S.E. Journal (1 s. ser.), xi. 680. See also ibid. xix. 368, and (2nd ser.) v. 107; xiv. 663; xx. 691. [749] History of Devon , i. 456. [750] R.A.S.E. Journal (3rd ser.), i. 527. [751] See above. [752] Northern Tour , ii. 126. [753] R.A.S.E. Journal (1858), p. 42. APPENDIX I AVERAGE PRICES FROM 1259 TO 1700 [754] CORN PER QUARTER. WHEAT. BARLEY. OATS. RYE. BEANS. 1259-1400 5 s. 10 3 / 4 d. 4 s. 3 3 / 4 d. 2 s. 5 3 / 4 d. 4 s. 4 7 / 8 d. 4 s. 3 1 / 2 d. 1401-1540 5 s. 11 3 / 4 d. 3 s. 8 3 / 4 d. 2 s. 2 1 / 4 d. 4 s. 7 3 / 4 d. 3 s. 9 1 / 4 d. 1541-82 13 s. 10 1 / 2 d. 8 s. 5 3 / 4 d. 5 s. 5 1 / 2 d. 9 s. 1 1 / 2 d. 1583-1700 39 s. 0 1 / 2 d. 21 s. 4 d. 13 s. 10 d. 22 s. 3 1 / 4 d. LIVE STOCK. OXEN. COWS. CART HORSES. [755] SHEEP. LAMBS. PIGS (GROWN). BOARS. 1259-1400 13 s. 1 1 / 4 d. 9 s. 5 d. 16 s. 4 d. 1 s. 2 d. to 1 s. 5 d. 8 d. 3 s. 4 s. 7 d. 1401-1540 moderate increase 14 s. unaltered moderate increase 9 d. unaltered 6 s. 1541-82 55 s. 32 s. great increase 3 s. to 4 s. 6 d. 2 s. to 3 s. 6 s. 8 d. to 8 s. — 1583-1700 100 s. 60 s. 1580-1640 £ 5 to £ 10 1640-1700 £ 8 to £ 15 10 s. 7 d. — great increase POULTRY AND EGGS. HENS. DUCKS. GEESE. EGGS. 1259-1400 1 6 / 8 d. 2 d. 3 5 / 8 d. 4 1 / 2 d. per 120 1401-1540 2 1 / 4 d. 2 1 / 4 d. 4 3 / 4 d. 6 1 / 2 d. " 1541-82 4 3 / 4 d. 4 3 / 4 d. 10 d. 7 1 / 2 d. " 1583-1700 8 d. -1 s. 9 1 / 4 d. 2 s. 3 s. 3 d. " WOOL. CHEESE. BUTTER. HAY. HOPS. per lb. Per load. Per cwt. 1259-1400 3 5 / 7 d. 4 1 / 2 d. per 7 lb. 4 3 / 4 d. per 7 lb. 3 s. 8 d. — 1401-1540 3 5 / 7 d. 1 / 2 d. per lb. 1 d. per lb. unaltered 14 s. 0 1 / 2 d. 1541-82 7 1 / 2 d. 1 d. " 3 d. " 9 s. 6 d. 26 s. 8 d. 1583-1702 9 d. -1 s. 3 1 / 2 d. " 4 1 / 2 d. " 26 s. 4 d. 82 s. 9 d. LABOUR. Reaping wheat per acre. Reaping oats per acre. Mowing per acre. Labourer per day without food. 1261-1350 5 5 / 8 d. 4 7 / 8 d. 5 1 / 4 d. 2 d. 1351-1400 8 1 / 2 d. 8 1 / 4 d. 7 d. 3 d. 1401-1540 9 3 / 4 d. 8 1 / 4 d. 8 1 / 8 d. 4 d. 1541-82 — [756] — — 6 1 / 2 d. 1583-1640 — — 1 s. 7 d. 8 1 / 2 d. 1640-1700 — — 1 s. 8 d. 10 d. PRICE OF LAND PER ACRE. To Rent. To Buy. Arable. Grass. 1261-1350 4 d. -6 d. 1 s. -2 s. 12 years' purchase 1351-1400 6 d. 2 s. " 1401-1540 6 d. 2 s. 15-20 years 1541-82 slight increase unaltered 1583-1640 great increase 20 years 1641-1700 5 s. 8 s. " 1770 10 s. 30 years FOOTNOTES: [754] Summarized from Thorold Rogers' prices in his History of Agriculture and Prices , with some alterations. [755] Affri, 13 s. 5 d. cart horses, 19 s. 4 d. A good saddle horse about 1300 was worth £ 5. By 1580 it was worth £ 10 to £ 15, by 1700 £ 20 to £ 25. [756] A decided increase, but prices fluctuate so much that it is hard to strike an average. APPENDIX II TABLE SHOWING EXPORTS AND IMPORTS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR FROM AND INTO ENGLAND, UNIMPORTANT YEARS OMITTED Exports. Quarters. Imports. Quarters. England. 1697 14,699 400 1703 166,615 50 1717 22,954 none 1728 3,817 74,574 1733 427,199 7 1750 947,602 279 Great Britain. 1757 11,545 141,562 1758 9,234 20,353 1761 441,956 none 1767 5,071 497,905 1770 75,449 34 1775 91,037 560,988 1776 210,664 20,578 1780 224,059 3,915 1786 205,466 51,463 1787 120,536 59,339 1789 140,014 112,656 1791 70,626 469,056 1796 24,679 879,200 1801 28,406 1,424,765 1808 98,005 84,889 1810 75,785 1,567,126 1815 227,947 384,475 1825 38,796 787,606 1837 308,420 1,109,492 1839 42,512 3,110,729 1842 68,047 3,111,290 The above figures are taken from McCulloch's Commercial Dictionary , 1847, p. 438, and agree roughly with those given by McPherson, Annals of Commerce , iii. 674, and iv. 216 and 532. After 1842, exports played a very small part, and imports continued to increase; in 1847, 4,612,110 quarters of wheat and flour came in; and the following figures show their growth in recent times:— AVERAGE OF ANNUAL IMPORTS OF WHEAT AND FLOUR IN CWTS. 1861-5 34,651,549 1866-70 37,273,678 1871-5 50,495,127 1876-80 63,309,874 1881-5 77,285,881 1886-90 77,794,380 1891-5 96,582,863 1896-1900 95,956,376 1901-5 111,638,817 With regard to the exports and imports of all kinds of corn, large quantities were exported in the first half of the eighteenth century. In 1733, 800,000 quarters were sent to France, Portugal, Spain, and Italy, [757] and exports reached their maximum in 1750 with 1,667,778 quarters, but by 1760 had decreased to 600,000, and after that fell considerably; in 1771, for instance, the first year of the corn register, they only amounted to 81,665 quarters, whereas imports were 203,122. The figures of the imports were swollen by the large quantities of oats which came into England at this time. The following years are typical of the fluctuations in the trade:— Exports. Imports. 1774 47,961 803,844 1776 376,249 444,121 1780 400,408 219,093 1782 278,955 133,663 1783 104,274 852,389 1784-8 large excess of imports, mainly oats 1789 652,764 478,426 the last year when exports of all kinds of corn exceeded imports. [758] To sum up, according to these figures, England's exports of wheat regularly exceeded her imports from 1697 until 1757, with the exception of the years 1728-9; then they fluctuated till 1789, the last year in which exports of wheat exceeded imports, and as the same year is the last time when our exports of all kinds of corn exceeded our imports, England at that date ceased to be an exporting country. [759] FOOTNOTES: [757] McPherson, Annals of Commerce , iii. 198. [758] Ibid. iii. 674; iv. 216, 532. [759] The excess of exports of wheat in 1808 was accidentally due to the requirements of the army in Spain. APPENDIX III AVERAGE PRICES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER OF BRITISH CORN IN ENGLAND AND WALES, IN EACH YEAR FROM 1771 TO 1907 INCLUSIVE, ACCORDING TO THE RETURNS OF THE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE YEARS. WHEAT. BARLEY. OATS. s. d. s. d. s. d. 1771 48 7 26 5 17 2 1772 52 3 26 1 16 8 1773 52 7 29 2 17 8 1774 54 3 29 4 18 4 1775 49 10 26 9 17 0 1776 39 4 20 9 15 5 1777 46 11 21 1 16 1 1778 43 3 23 4 15 7 1779 34 8 20 1 14 5 1780 36 9 17 6 13 2 1781 46 0 17 8 14 1 1782 49 3 23 2 15 7 1783 54 3 31 3 20 5 1784 50 4 28 8 18 10 1785 43 1 24 9 17 8 1786 40 0 25 1 18 6 1787 42 5 23 4 17 2 1788 46 4 22 8 16 1 1789 52 9 23 6 16 6 1790 54 9 26 3 19 5 1791 48 7 26 10 18 1 1792 43 0 27 7 16 9 1793 49 3 31 1 20 6 1794 52 3 31 9 21 3 1795 75 2 37 5 24 5 1796 78 7 35 4 21 10 1797 53 9 27 2 16 3 1798 51 10 29 0 19 5 1799 69 0 36 2 27 6 1800 113 10 59 10 39 4 1801 119 6 68 6 37 0 1802 69 10 33 4 20 4 1803 58 10 25 4 21 6 1804 62 3 31 0 24 3 1805 89 9 44 6 28 4 1806 79 1 38 8 27 7 1807 75 4 39 4 28 4 1808 81 4 43 5 33 4 1809 97 4 47 0 31 5 1810 106 5 48 1 28 7 1811 95 3 42 3 27 7 1812 126 6 66 9 44 6 1813 109 9 58 6 38 6 1814 74 4 37 4 25 8 1815 65 7 30 3 23 7 1816 78 6 33 11 27 2 1817 96 11 49 4 32 5 1818 86 3 53 10 32 5 1819 74 6 45 9 28 2 1820 67 10 33 10 24 2 1821 56 1 26 0 19 6 1822 44 7 21 10 18 1 1823 53 4 31 6 22 11 1824 63 11 36 4 24 10 1825 68 6 40 0 25 8 1826 58 8 34 4 26 8 1827 58 6 37 7 28 2 1828 60 5 32 10 22 6 1829 66 3 32 6 22 9 1830 64 3 32 7 24 5 1831 66 4 38 0 25 4 1832 58 8 33 1 20 5 1833 52 11 27 6 18 5 1834 46 2 29 0 20 11 1835 39 4 29 11 22 0 1836 48 6 32 10 23 1 1837 55 10 30 4 23 1 1838 64 7 31 5 22 5 1839 70 8 39 6 25 11 1840 66 4 36 5 25 8 1841 64 4 32 10 22 5 1842 57 3 27 6 19 3 1843 50 1 29 6 18 4 1844 51 3 33 8 20 7 1845 50 10 31 8 22 6 1846 54 8 32 8 23 8 1847 69 9 44 2 28 8 1848 50 6 31 6 20 6 1849 44 3 27 9 17 6 1850 40 3 23 5 16 5 1851 38 6 24 9 18 7 1852 40 9 28 6 19 1 1853 53 3 33 2 21 0 1854 72 5 36 0 27 11 1855 74 8 34 9 27 5 1856 69 2 41 1 25 2 1857 56 4 42 1 25 0 1858 44 2 34 8 24 6 1859 43 9 33 6 23 2 1860 53 3 36 7 24 5 1861 55 4 36 1 23 9 1862 55 5 35 1 22 7 1863 44 9 33 11 21 2 1864 40 2 29 11 20 1 1865 41 10 29 9 21 10 1866 49 11 37 5 24 7 1867 64 5 40 0 26 0 1868 63 9 43 0 28 1 1869 48 2 39 5 26 0 1870 46 11 34 7 22 10 1871 56 8 36 2 25 2 1872 57 0 37 4 23 2 1873 58 8 40 5 25 5 1874 55 9 44 11 28 10 1875 45 2 38 5 28 8 1876 46 2 35 2 26 3 1877 56 9 39 8 25 11 1878 46 5 40 2 24 4 1879 43 10 34 0 21 9 1880 44 4 33 1 23 1 1881 45 4 31 11 21 9 1882 45 1 31 2 21 10 1883 41 7 31 10 21 5 1884 35 8 30 8 20 3 1885 32 10 30 1 20 7 1886 31 0 26 7 19 0 1887 32 6 25 4 16 3 1888 31 10 27 10 16 9 1889 29 9 25 10 17 9 1890 31 11 28 8 18 7 1891 37 0 28 2 20 0 1892 30 3 26 2 19 10 1893 26 4 25 7 18 9 1894 22 10 24 6 17 1 1895 23 1 21 11 14 6 1896 26 2 22 11 14 9 1897 30 2 23 6 16 11 1898 34 0 27 2 18 5 1899 25 8 25 7 17 0 1900 26 11 24 11 17 7 1901 26 9 25 2 18 5 1902 28 1 25 8 20 2 1903 26 9 22 8 17 2 1904 28 4 22 4 16 4 1905 29 8 24 4 17 4 1906 28 3 24 2 18 4 1907 30 7 25 1 18 10

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