Historical Epochs of the French Revolution With The Judgment And Execution Of Louis XVI., King Of France And A List Of The Members Of The National Convention, Who Voted For And Against His Death

HISTORICAL EPOCHS OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION; 14.  Mons. de L'Aulnay, the governor, falls a victim to the fury of the assailants.  Bertier, intendant of Paris; Foulon, secretary of state; and de Flesselle, prêvot des Marchands, (somewhat like mayor of Paris) are massacred.  From, this period the maxim was adopted, "that insurrection was the most sacred of duties." 15.  The King goes to the assembly to confer with it upon the disturbances of Paris.  Many considerable persons fly the country. 16.  The Marquis de la Fayette, and Monsieur Bailly, are nominated, one to command the national guards of Paris, the other to be mayor of Paris. 17.  In hopes of quieting the alarming tumults, the King comes to Paris.  Bailly harangues him freely at the Hotel de la Ville, (sic) and the King receives the three-coloured cockade. August 1.  Massacre of the mayor of St. Dennis. 4.  Abolition of tithes, and of all feudal rights and privileges. Louis is proclaimed the restorer of French liberty. 7.  The King is obliged to recall Necker. 27.  The liberty of the press is established. Sept .      15.  The person of the King is decreed to be inviolable; and the crown of France hereditary and indivisible. 29.  Decreed, that it be recommended that all church plate be brought to the mint. Oct .        1.  The King is  forced to accept and give the sanction of  his approbation to the famous "Rights of Man." 5.  The Marquis de la Fayette at the head of 30,000 Parisians marches to Versailles. 6.  After murdering the King's guards under the windows of the Palace, they forcibly conduct both him and the Queen to Paris amidst the insults of the populace, and with great danger of their lives. 10.  Tayllerang-Perigord, bishop of Autun, proposes that the nation should seize the property of the clergy. 12.  Decreed, that the National Assembly be removed from Versailles to Paris. 15.  The Duke of Orleans obtains leave to go to England. 19.  The first sitting of the National Constituent Assembly at Paris. 21.  The people of Paris hang a baker. The Jacobin Club commenced at this time; first known by the name of the "Club de la Propagande." The name of Jacobins was derived from the house where the club met, and which had belonged to the religious order of Jacobins. Nov .       22.  The commune of Paris makes a patriotic gift of its silver buckles. A general patriotic contribution is first requested, and afterwards forced. Dec .        7.  Decree upon the disturbances at Toulon. Another for dividing France into 83 departments, 83 tribunals, 544 civil tribunals, 548 districts, and 43,815 municipalities. 10.  Vandernoot, and the disaffected in Brabant, write to the King and to the National Constituent Assembly; but their letter is returned. 25.  Mons. de Favras, knight of St. Louis, arrested. 1790. January 1.  The King is stripped of most of his royal prerogatives. 4.  The assembly desires him to fix the amount of his civil list. 6.  The castle of Kéralier burnt by plunderers. The three orders of the clergy, nobility, and commons, suppressed as distinct orders of the monarchy. 7.  Decree for the form of a civic oath to be taken by the national guards. 13.  Decreed that Paris shall form one department. Decree in favour of Jews; another to remove the prejudices which are attached to the families of criminals. Feb .        1.  The King, after a long speech to the assembly, takes the civic oath, together with all the members. 19.  De Favras executed. 20.  Death of Joseph IId. emperor of Germany. March .          Massacres and fires in Lower-Languedoc. 7.  Grand review of the national guards in the Elysian fields. The scarcity of specie induces the necessity of issuing paper money called assignats. 8.  Decreed, that the colonies form a part of the French empire. 11.  Insurrection at Meaux. 12.  The red-book (book of court-accounts) made publick.(sic) 14.  Insurrection at the national theatre. 18.  Sale of the property of the church decreed, by which the government is enabled to abolish the duty on salt. April .          The Prince of Conti takes the civic oath in the municipality of Paris. 11.  The Abbé‚ Maury and Viscount Mirabeau  attacked by the populace on coming out of the assembly. The assembly refuses to acknowledge the Roman Catholick (sic) religion as the religion of the state; and this resolution is followed by forbidding all particularity of dress or form in ecclesiastics. 22.  General Paoli, at the head of a deputation from Corsica, presents himself to the national assembly. 24.  Insurrection at Marseilles. May .            Report and decree upon  the disturbances at Mount Auban. Monastic vows prohibited in future. 17.  Orders of knighthood and military decorations abolished. 22.  Decreed, that the right of making peace and war belongs to the people. 25.  The Parisians occupied with hanging several robbers. June .           Public Seminaries and academies of instruction suppressed. 9.  The King goes to the assembly, and requires 25 millions of livres for his civil list. 10.  The Queen's dower fixed at four millions. One million is voted for the King's brothers. 16.  Massacres and disorders at Nismes (sic). 19.  Suppression of nobility, of all titles and orders, of armorial bearings, and of livery-servants. July 3.  Justices of the peace appointed throughout the kingdom. 14.  Ceremony of a general federation, at which the King is obliged to assist, to commemorate the destruction of the Bastille. Trial by jury introduced in criminal matters. Judges to be chosen by cantons and districts; one for the former, and five for the latter. 26.  The constituent assembly publishes a civil constitution for the acceptance of the clergy, which they refuse to admit. August .         Affair at Nancy—five regiments revolt. Insurrection at Martinico (sic) announced. Désilles shot at Nancy by the Swiss. Mons. Necker, whose popularity declined, is obliged to leave the kingdom precipitately. The assembly, having declared the property of the Crown to be that of the nation, grants to the King the sum he required for his civil list. Sept .           Horrid massacres in the colonies. Oct .       28.  Fourteen castles are burned and plundered in Dauphiny. 30.  Outrageous conduct of two regiments at Béfort. Nov .        2.  The clergy propose to raise four millions of livres in their own body for the exigence of the state. The assembly seizes the whole ecclesiastical revenue, without any respect of persons or property. 13.  Pillage of the house of the Marshal de Castries at Paris. 21.  Duport-du-Terre appointed keeper of the seals. 27.  The assembly requires that every ecclesiastic, doing duty, shall swear to maintain with all his power and interest the constitution, and every thing that had been or should be ordained by its decrees. 1791. Jan .            The debts of the church decreed to be national. The King refuses to sanction the above decrees respecting the clergy, but is at length forced to it by threats and terror. 4.  The clergy in the national assembly refuse to comply with the foregoing decree, and in consequence of their refusal a law passes that their benefices shall be filled by such of the clergy as will take the oaths of allegiance to the state. Abolition of all the parliaments and sovereign courts of France. The Count d'Artois finds it prudent to quit the kingdom. Out of 138 prelates only four take the constitutional oath, namely, the archbishop of Sens, the bishops of Viviers, Orleans, and Autun. The latter alone carries his apostacy (sic) so far as to consecrate other bishops, who were presented to the vacant sees. Horrid treatment at Chateau-Gouthier of Mad'lle de la Barne de Joyeuse. 10.  Decree about stamps. 14.  Decreed, that bishops and parsons shall be elected by the people. 23.  A violent meeting at the Jacobin club. 24.  Massacres at the village de-la-Chapelle near Paris. 26.  Decree to enforce the oath by priests. 29.  Mirabeau president of the constituent national assembly. February .       Deputation of Quakers to the assembly. Decree to admit the free cultivation of tobacco. Disorders in Le Querci. 21.  The King's aunts stopped at Arnay-le-Duc, and forced to shew their pass, and permission to retire to Rome.  With difficulty they obtain leave to proceed. Insurrection at Vincennes near Paris. March 4.  The pope issues two letters against the ecclesiastical constitution of France, and the clergy who had taken the oath to it.  He deprives the archbishop of Sens, the Cardinal de Lomenie de Brienne, of his cardinal's hat. Massacres at St. Domingo. 5.  Indisposition of the King. 9.  Decreed, that the prisoners charged with treason (lêze-nation) shall be conveyed to Orleans. Gobet, a member of the assembly, appointed bishop of Paris. Insurrection and massacres at Douai. 22.  Decree excluding women from the regency. 25.  The majority of the Kings of France fixed at eighteen years. Discussion on the fate of the invalids. Mons. de M'Nemara massacred at l'Isle-de-France. 26.  Public functionaries compelled to residence. 28.  The monarchical club at Paris attacked by the populace with stones, and dispersed. 29.  Report upon an insurrection at Toulon. The minister of the church of St. Sulpice, who had not conformed to the national oath, escapes with great difficulty from the violence of the populace. April 3.  The death of  Mirabeau announced to the assembly: decreed, that he shall have the honours of the Pantheon, (formerly the beautiful church of St. Genevieve). 7.  Decreed, that no deputy to the national assembly shall be admissible into the ministry until four years after the expiration of the legislature of which he is a member. 8.  Decreed that no deputy to the assembly shall accept any favour from the executive power  for four years. Several nuns in Paris and elsewhere were publicly whipped for persisting to adhere to the old forms of worship. 10.  Insurrection at Cevennes. Report on the insurrection of a regiment in Languedoc. 13.  Engagement between the officers and garrison of Weissembourg. 14.  Riot at Nantz (sic) on account of the inauguration of the three-coloured flag. 17.  The sale of the property of the church is decreed. 18.  The King proposes to go to St. Cloud; the people oppose and stop him. The King complains of this violence to the national assembly, but with little effect. 20.  Report of massacres in the county of Venaissin. The King's ministers, through the influence or fear of the national assembly, write to all the foreign courts, that the King had placed himself at the head of the revolution—from this epoch may be dated the great emigrations of the nobility and other considerable persons. The Abbé Maury, the most intrepid defender of the cause of the church and the King, retires precipitately to Rome. 23.  Sad recital in the assembly of distresses in St. Domingo. 26.  Assignats of five livres are issued. 27.  Massacres in the Limousin. 28.  Decreed, that soldiers may frequent jacobin societies. May 1.  The barriers are thrown open—all duties in the interior parts of the kingdom abolished. Civil war in the Venaissin. 3.  The effigy of the pope (sic) burnt in the Palais-Royal. 7.  Decree permitting priests, who have not conformed, to officiate in private. Mons. de Massei massacred at Tulle. Decree upon the people of colour. 19.  Massacre in the Vivarais. 26.  Decreed, that the Louvre and the Tuilleries united shall be the habitation of the King, and that all monuments of science and art shall be collected and kept there. 31.  Decreed, that the punishment of death shall be inflicted without torture.  From thence came the use of the guillotine;-an instrument of death so called from its author, a member of the national assembly. June .           Letter of the Abbé Raynal to the assembly. Persecutions against non-conforming priests.  Their tithes given to the proprietors of the estates. 5.  The King deprived by decree of the power of granting pardons. 7.  A law against regicides. Conforming priests are everywhere put in possession of the benefices of those who would not conform. A general sale of ecclesiastical property. 18.  Decreed, that all military men take an oath of fidelity to the nation. Insurrection at Bastia. 21.  The King and royal family make their escape 22.  from Paris; they had nearly reached the frontiers, when they were stopped at Varennes, 25.  and brought back ignominiously to Paris. Count Dampierre is massacred under the King's eyes. The Marquis de Bouillé writes a menacing letter to the assembly on the subject of the King. An order is intimated to the King to disband his body guards.  All the royal functions are suspended.  The King is kept a close prisoner. Monsieur, the King's brother, escapes to Coblentz. July 9.  M. de Cazelés resigns his place as a deputy. 10.  The national guards ordered to the frontiers. 11.  The body of Voltaire transferred to the Pantheon. 14.  Grand celebration of the anniversary of this day. 17.  Insurrection in the Champ de Mars—the red flag (the signal of danger) continues flying a long time. Disorders in the Pays-de-Caux, and at Brie-Compte-Robert. 23.  Violent decree against emigrant nobles. The assembly proceeds rigorously against those who accompanied the King in his flight. The King himself is not considered so culpable. All distinctions of nobility, and all titles, are wholly abolished. The ministers are required to give an account every ten days to the assembly of the execution of its decrees. The decree on people of colour spreads consternation at St. Domingo. August .         Money is coined from the metal of the bells in churches. One hundred thousand livres voted to the academy of science for the purpose of bringing weights and measures to one uniform standard. The title of Dauphin changed to that of Prince Royal. Rewards are decreed to all those who stopped the King. A committee is appointed to manage national domains; that is, the confiscated property of the King and clergy. Decreed, that if within a month the King do not take the oath to the nation, or if he retract it, he shall be adjudged to have forfeited the crown. Decreed, that the guard for the King shall not exceed 1200 foot, and 600 horse. Those who may be placed in succession to the throne to have no other title than that of French princes. Registers of the births, marriages, and burials, of the royal family to be deposited in the archives of the national assembly. Suppression of the payment of a mark of silver, which was heretofore required from such as were deputed to the legislature. Decreed, that every law relative to taxes shall be independent of the royal sanction. The ceremony of marriage to be considered hereafter as a civil contract only. Rousseau admitted to a place in the Pantheon. The national assembly declares, that it will not revise the constitution which it has just established, before the expiration of thirty years. Sept .           The completion of the constitution announced to the people, and that it will admit of no change.  The departments are all occupied in electing new deputies to represent them in a second assembly. Sixty members are appointed to carry the act of the constitution to the King. 4.  The King restored to liberty. Suppression of the order of St. Esprit; the decorations of the blue ribband to be appropriated to the King and the Prince-royal only.  The King declines to retain a distinction which he cannot communicate. Decreed, that the Rhine and Rhone be united by a canal. 14.  The King accepts the constitution in form; he takes the oath in presence of the assembly; and is crowned by the president with a constitutional crown. Great rejoicings throughout all France. The national guard to take place of the King's. Whipping, and burning in the hand, annulled. Three days allowed to every person under accusation to defend himself and repel the charge. In consequence of the acceptance of the constitution, all criminal proceedings are stopped; all persons confined on suspicion of anti-revolutionary principles set at liberty; no more passports required; a general amnesty takes place; and the decree against emigrants is revoked. Disturbances at Arles—suppression of the high national court of Orleans—and of all royal notaries—national notaries appointed. Prohibitory or commanding clauses in wills to be of no avail henceforward. Every sort of property dependent upon, or connected with, churches or charities, is confiscated. All the world admitted to the title and rank of French citizen, without any distinction of country. Decree to unite Avignon and the county of Venaissin to France. Certificates of catholicism suppressed, which hitherto were required before admission into any office. Severe penalties against introducing titles of nobility into any public document. All the chambers and societies of commerce abolished. Jews admitted to the rights of French citizens. The constituent assembly prepares to lay down its powers, without rendering any account of its proceedings. Violent remonstrances against this. Decree against clubs and popular associations. 30.  The King goes in state to close the session of this first or constituent assembly . CHAPTER II. 1791. Oct .        4.  The second assembly takes the name of the Legislative Assembly, and is opened by the King in person. It consists of 700 members. An oath is taken to observe the law. An administrator in one of the departments flies with a large treasure. 17.  Massacre at Avignon, with unusual horrors.  Jourdan and his people destroy 600 victims in an ice-house. Insurrection at Paris on account of religious worship. The Marquis de la Fayette resigns the command of the Parisian guard. The expressions " sire " and " majesty ," applied to the King, suppressed by decree. Twenty-one committees formed out of the legislative assembly to transact all business. Riots at Montpellier. The pictures of the Palace-royal sold for a million eight hundred thousand livres. 27.  Insurrection in Alsace. 29.  Notice given to Monsieur the King's eldest brother, to return to France, on pain of forfeiture of all his rights, and confiscation. One hundred millions of assignats issued. Disturbances in Artois and Lower Normandy on account of religious worship. The archbishop of Ausch, and several bishops, brought before the tribunals. 30.  Insurrections in almost all parts of the kingdom, on account of the prohibition of religious worship. Charrier, ex-constituent, and nominated by the people as successor to the Cardinal de Rochefoucault, in the archbishoprick (sic) of Rouen, ashamed of his usurpation, abdicates the archiepiscopal dignity. Violent decree against emigrants; the King opposes his veto to it. The King refuses his assent also to another equally violent decree, for the banishment of all the catholic priests who had not taken the oath prescribed. Guimper, the first constitutional see, is taken possession of by D'Expilly, an ex-constituent, i.e . a member of the last assembly, which had taken the name of the constituent assembly. Violent insurrection in the colonies, supposed to be excited by some of the leading members of the assembly. Nov .            New decree for a civic oath. In the legislative assembly the answers are read from foreign powers, relative to the King's acceptance of the constitution. Massacres at Caen in Normandy; horrid treatment of Mons. de Belsunce, a lieutenant-colonel. Eighty-four persons of consideration thrown into prison. 10.  The Dunkirk carrier assassinated at Paris, and his letters stolen. 15.  The King confined to his apartment, under the guard of a corporal. 17.  Varnier denounced by Bazire, is sent to prison at Orleans. Pethion elected mayor of Paris. 18.  He goes to the jacobins to thank them for having obtained his election. Manuel is appointed procureur syndic of the commune of Paris (a place next in importance to that of mayor). 20.  Disorders at Montpellier. 25.  Delatre committed to prison at Orleans. 26.  Chabot enters the King's apartment with his hat on his head. Decreed, that non-conforming priests shall not make use of the churches. Dec .        1.  Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. 2.  Insurrection at Brest. 6.  Malvoisin, and twelve others, imprisoned at Orleans. 16.  Decreed, that every member of the Bourbon family shall quit France in three days. M. Loyauté sent to prison at Orleans. 20.  Several castles burnt at Sens. 24.  Insurrection in the departments of Loir et Cher. The King goes to the assembly to discuss the subject of war with foreign powers. 27.  Lucknor and Rochambeau made marshals of France, and with La Fayette appointed to command the armies. M. de Narbonne goes to visit the frontiers. Forty soldiers, who had been sent to the galleys, are set at liberty. Establishment of a new high national court. Manuel causes the letters of Mirabeau, which were found in the mayor's office, to be printed and sold. 28.  The Queen goes to the opera, and is much applauded. 29.  Manifesto proposed by M. Condorcet, to acquaint the world with the sentiments of the French nation, if it should be forced into war. 31.  Decreed, that the ceremonies of New-year's day shall be abolished. 1792. Jan .        1.  Egalité (duke of Orleans) ill received at the Tuilleries. 5.  Massacre of the minister of Chateau-neuf. Motion of Herault, that foreign powers be required to forbid the white cockade to be worn by emigrants. 11.  Carra proposes at the Jacobin club, that the crown of France be offered to the Duke of York. 15.  Plan of a decree for declaring war against the Emperor. 16.  Decreed, that Monsieur has forfeited the regency. Three hundred millions of small assignats issued. 17.  Fire and ravages at Port-au-Prince. Great tumult at Paris on account of the monopoly of of sugar and coffee. 19.  Fire of La-Force. 21.  A conforming priest, his wife, and children, presented to the assembly, and loaded with caresses. 27.  Summons to the Emperor, to declare whether or not he is willing to live in peace with France. 31.  Decreed, that all travellers in France must supply themselves with a passport. Feb .        1.  Decreed, that all those shall be imprisoned who travel under a false name. Eighty-four prisoners, who were confined in the castle of Caen, set at liberty. 2.  Letter of Manuel to the King beginning with these words, "I do not love kings". 5.  Fires and massacres at St. Domingo. 6.  The Abbé Fauchet preaches at the Pantheon. 7.  Riots at Paris on account of a false rumour of the King's flight. Great fires in the town of Haquenau. Decreed, that the property of emigrants belongs to the nation; order for its sequestration. Riots at Noyon about corn. Insurrection at Dunkirk. 14.  The red bonnet becomes the general fashion. Assassination at Mount Héri. Insurrection at the Fauxbourg (sic) St. Marceau, on account of the scarcity of sugar. Struggle between the clubs of the Jacobins, and the Feuillants; the latter so called from a religious society of that name, at whose house they met. 17.  De Lessart denounced by Fauchet. 22.  Motion, that no deputy be permitted to go to the clubs of Jacobins or Feuillants. 28.  Treaty of Pilnitz between the Emperor and Prussia. March 1.  Death of the Emperor Leopold II. 3.  Seditions at Etampes; Simoneau, the mayor, assassinated. De Lessart, minister for foreign affairs, sent to the prison of Orleans. 15.  Death of Gustavus III. king of Sweden. Total change of the King's ministers. Decreed, that the King shall pay taxes like all other persons. 19.  Jourdan, and his accomplices at Avignon acquitted. A new guard begins to do duty about the King. Roland appointed by the King minister of the interior department. Insurrection at Poitou. The Swiss Cantons demand from France the regiment of Ernest. Alienation of the domains of St. Lazare, and of Mount-Carmel, two orders of knighthood, of which Monsieur was president. April 1.  Troubles in Provence and Dauphiny. On the motion of Torne, constitutional bishop of Bourges, all peculiar religious dresses are abolished, and all secular congregations. 6.  Pethion writes to the 48 sections, inviting them to give a fête to the liberated soldiers of Chateau-vieux. 15.  A civic fête is given to the above soldiers, who had been imprisoned for crimes. 16.  Riots at the Hotel de Ville in Paris, on account of the statues of la Fayette and Bailli. 20.  The King goes to the national assembly to demand whether it is willing to declare war. War declared against the King of Bohemia and Hungary. M. de Castellane, bishop of Mendes, sent to prison at Orleans. 29.  The army of Dillon routed near Tournay, and that general massacred by his own soldiers near Lisle (sic). The French routed near Mons under the command of General Byron. May 2.  Suppression of the military houses of Monsieur and the Count d'Artois. 6.  Desertion of the royal German regiment. 8.  Report of the murder of several commissaries. 10.  Pethion, in the commune of Paris,  presents a silver sword to Réne Audu, a heroine of the 6th of October 1789. Decree concerning prisoners of war. 11.  New disorders at Avignon. 12.  Desertion of the regiment of Berchini. 13.  M. Brival, a deputy, writes to the King to desire that his cane may be restored to him, which was taken from him at the gate of the Tuilleries. Abbé Maury elevated to the dignity of an archbishop, and appointed nuncio extra-ordinary of the holy see, to the diet of Ratisbon. Decree, depriving the brothers of the King of the million which had been voted to them. Renewal of the decree for the transportation of priests, which the King still refuses to sanction. 14.  Massacre of the Abbé Figuemont at Mentz. 16.  Bavai taken by the Austrians. 24.  Much pains taken to prove the existence of a committee in favour of the Austrians. 27.  Discontent in Paris on account of the King's having a guard. 28.  The King is forced to dismiss it. 29.  Mareschal (sic) de Brissac, who commanded the King's guard, sent to prison at Orleans. 30.  The first column of the Prussian army arrives at Frankfort. June 3.  A civic fête in honour of M. Simoneau, mayor of Etampes, massacred the 3d of March in an insurrection. 6.  Massacre at Brussels. Reduction of the monies allowed for the pay and entertainment of the King's ministers. 8.  The King refuses to ratify the decree for encamping 20,000 men near Paris. 13.  Roland, Claviere, and Servan, dismissed from the ministry. Ordered that all pedigrees of nobility be burnt, and all papers relative thereto. A number of patriotic gifts to support the expence (sic) of the war. The tree of liberty planted in all parts. 20.  In order to force the King to sanction some decrees to which he had given a negative, the people go to the Tuilleries, break open the gates, and burst into the apartments.  The King conducts himself with great firmness. The high national court at Orleans condemns Monsieur, the Count d'Artois, and the Prince of Condé, to be beheaded, and their property consequently to be forfeited. A new mode adopted for proving births, marriages, and burials. 26.  The department of La Somme offers 200 batallions, to enforce respect to the King.  Several others make similar offers. 28.  La Fayette quits his army, and goes to complain to the national representatives of party violence. A petition against Pethion is signed at the houses of all the notaries. 30.  La Fayette returns to the army, and as soon as he is departed, he is burnt in effigy at the palace royal. July 2.  Letter of the King to the French armies. 3.  Suppression of all the staff-officers of the national guard of Paris. 4.  Decreed, that the nation is in danger. The Duke of Brunswick arrives at Coblentz. Distinguishing marks granted to the legislators and administrators. 6.  Dumourier goes to take the command of the army. 7.  Pethion, mayor of Paris and Manuel, suspended, but very soon after restored. Ministers all changed. 11.  A petition against the King signed at the Elysian fields. 14.  Anniversary of the federations observed with great ceremony. 19.  Massacre of M, de Saillant, chef-du-camp de Salés. 20.  Proclamation of the King, on the dangers of the country. Decree, that the property of emigrants be sold. Many of the constitutional priests sign a recantation of their oaths, and not enough are found to fill the vacant cures. Massacres at Alais, Bourdeaux, Arles, and in other places. 28.  Decree, obliging people to mount guard under pain of imprisonment. Three hundred millions of assignats issued. M. d'Espemenil, an ex-constituent, is knocked down and poignarded at the Tuilleries, and with difficulty saves his life. 30.  The Marseillois arrive at Paris; ravages and cruelties committed by them. Cockades of ribbands proscribed. Du Hamel massacred in the street of St. Florentin. Aug .        3.  Decreed, that all Frenchmen be armed with pikes. Invitation to foreigners to come and defend the land of liberty. 5.  Massacre at Toulon of nine members of the magistracy, under the pretence of aristocracy. A report is spread about the Tuilleries, that the King intends to escape. 8.  Decreed, by a majority of 426 to 224, that there is no ground of accusation against La Fayette. Several members complain of outrages committed on them, on account of votes they had given. 10.  Attack and pillage of the palace of the Tuilleries. Massacre of the Swiss, and of a great number of the King's followers.  Louis XVI. and his family fly for safety to the assembly. Horrible riots and outrages in Paris. 11.  Continuation of frightful outrages and murders. All foreign ambassadors quit France. 12.  Roland, Clariere, and Servan, recalled to the ministry. Danton appointed minister of justice. The statues of the King all thrown down. Servan appointed minister of the war department; de Monge, of the marine; Clavieres, of finances; Roland, of the interior; and Le Brun, of foreign affairs. The King and his family are all conducted to the Temple. 14.  Several ex-ministers and royalists committed to prison. Decreed, that all the administrations of the kingdom shall be new formed. 15.  Persons departing, even with passports, stopped. 17.  Establishment of a tribunal for the summary trial of royalists. 18.  The Austrians and Prussians enter the French territory. Decree against La Fayette; who, with part of his staff, quits the army and falls into the hands of the Austrians, by whom he is detained a prisoner. 20.  Montmorin, ex-minister of foreign affairs, imprisoned. 22.  M. D'Angremont guillotined at the Carouzel (sic). 23.  Longwy taken by the Prussians. 24.  M. de la Porte, comptroller of the civil list, guillotined. 25.  M. Durozoi, author of the gazette of Paris, guillotined. 26.  A civic festival, in honour of the sans-culottes who were killed in the affair of the 10th of August. Decreed, that all ecclesiastics who have not taken the national oath, shall be transported.  In the number of these victims were 138 archbishops and bishops, and sixty-four thousand priests of the second order. General Kellerman commands the army of Marshal Luckner, and Dumourier that of General la Fayette. 27.  In a sitting of the jacobins, Manuel causes an oath to be taken, that every exertion will be used to purge the earth of the pest of royalty. 30.  Domiciliary visits, that is, nightly searches in the citizens houses, for obnoxious persons. Sept .       1.  Letter of the minister Roland, to all the municipalities, to induce them to agree in finding the King guilty. M. Montmorin, governor of Fontainbleau, although acquitted by the tribunal, is conveyed back to prison by the people. 2.  The city of Verdun is taken by the Prussians. From the 2d (sic) to the 9th of this month, the most horrid outrages perpetrated without ceasing, 7605 prisoners, &c. inhumanly murdered, and the assassins publicly demand their wages.  Every house is a scene of dismay.  Massacres and butcheries are committed in all the prisons and religious houses. These horrors drive a great number of inhabitants from Paris. The Duke de la Rochefoucault, ex-constituent and president of the department of Paris, is torn to pieces by the populace. 10.  Massacre at Versailles of 53 prisoners from Orleans, who, it appears, were summoned to Paris for the express purpose of having them disposed of in this expeditious manner. Troops are enrolled for the frontiers. A camp is formed close to Paris. 13.  The French armies fall back towards Chalons. 14.  The King accepts the constitution. 15.  Decreed, that the King's person is inviolable, and the crown of France indivisible and hereditary. 16.  Robbery of the wardrobe of the crown. Decree, formally allowing divorces. 18.  Philips, of the club of jacobins, presents in a little box, to the legislative assembly, the heads of his father and mother, whom his patriotism, as he said, had just sacrificed. 19.  The last sitting of the legislative assembly. CHAPTER III. 1792. Sept .      20.  First sitting of the third legislature, which takes the title of National Convention.  It consists of 745 members. 21.  Decreed, that royalty is abolished, and that the kingdom of France is a republic. The battle of Grand-Pré gained by General Dumouricr. 22.  Danton resigns the ministry in order to take a place in the convention. 23.  The old Marshal Luckner is ordered to the bar of the convention. 27.  Mons. Cazotte, an author much esteemed, and who with difficulty escaped from the assassins of the 2d of September, is conducted to the guillotine at 80 years of age. 29.  The Austrians begin to bombard Lisle (sic). Spires taken by the army of Gen. Custine. Oct .        2.  The Duke of Brunswick, commanding the Prussians, begins his retreat from France, and raises the siege of Thionville. 4.  The title of Citizen is substituted for those of Monsieur and Madame by a decree. 7.  The Austrians raise the siege of Lisle. 8.  Massacre at Cambray. 9.  The soldiers of General Dumourier massacre their prisoners. 10.  Servan quits the ministry. Garat is appointed minister of justice. 13.  Verdun evacuated by the Prussians. 14.  A civic festival in honour of the conquest of Savoy. 18.  Nine emigrants guillotined in the Place-de-Greve. 22.  The French retake Longwy. 23.  Mayence taken by General Custine. 24.  Great accusations of Roland to the convention. 25.  The French territory evacuated by the Austrians and Prussians. 26.  Frankfort on the Main taken by the French. 31.  A great number of returned emigrants denounced to the commune of Paris. Nov .        2.  All work at the camp near Paris is stopped. 3.  The house of the deputy Marat is invested, and the people demand his head. 4.  Robespierre endeavours to acquit himself of the charges brought against him by the deputy Louvet. 6.  Report in the assembly of disturbances in the department of Mayence and Loire. Three hundred millions of assignats issued with new emblems. A discourse upon Atheism pronounced by Dupont, and applauded by the convention. The Princess de Rohan-Rochefort is sent to prison for having written to the ex-minister Bertrand. 7.  The battle of Gemappe—the Austrians are defeated by superior numbers, and an immense artillery. Dumourier after his victory takes Mons. A revolt announced at Guadaloupe. 10.  Decreed, that all emigrants who shall return to France shall suffer death, whether men, women, or children, not excepting those who had never borne arms. 12.  Ghent taken by the French. 14.  Brussels taken by the French. 19.  General Montesquieu emigrates. 23.  De la Coste, ex-minister, and Du Fresne de St. Leon, committed to the prison of the Abbaye. 24.  Insurrection at Chartres and the neighbourhood, on account of bread. 25.  The King asks of the convention some Latin books, that he may instruct his son himself. 26.  Address from Finisterre to the convention, denouncing the deputies Marat, Robespierre, Danton, Chabot, Barire, and Merlin.  Buzot supports the accusation. 27.  Kersaint proposes to the convention to make a descent upon England with one hundred thousand men, and to sign an immortal treaty upon the Tower of London, which shall fix the destiny of nations, and confirm liberty for ever to the world. The Belgians protest against a decree which trenches on their sovereignty. 30.  Decree, charging the municipalities to keep registers of baptisms, marriages and buryings. Dec .        1.  Pethion quits the mayoralty to become a member of the convention. Chambon is elected his successor. Manuel gives up the place of procureur de la commune for a seat in the convention; Chaumette succeeds him. 3.  Decreed that Louis Capet shall be brought to trial, and that the convention shall be his judges. 4.  Decreed, that whoever shall propose the restoration of royalty shall suffer death. 8.  The royal family is forbid the use of knives, scissars,(sic) or razors; the King not to be shaved, but his beard clipped with scissars. 9.  The bust of Mirabeau torn from the Pantheon, and dragged by the populace to the Place-de-Greve. The minister of justice reads to the convention 150 addresses from the communes of Normandy in favour of the King. Philip Egalité renounces all eventual succession to the crown of France, to assume the title of French citizen. 18.  The King is interrogated at the bar of the convention. Barrere is president. He demands for his advocates Target and Tronchet, the former refuses to defend him; but Mons. de Malesherbes, making a voluntary offer of being his defender, is accepted with Tronchet, and Monsieur de Seze is added to them. The mayor of Paris, the procureur de la commune, le secretaire Greffier, and thirty municipal officers on horseback, escorted the King's carriage when he was going to the bar of the convention to be interrogated, and to hear the act of his accusation read.  The president said, "Louis,—The French "people accuse you of having committed a multitude "of crimes in order to establish tyranny upon the "ruins of liberty."  The King having answered with great precision and coolness, "Louis," said the president, "a copy shall be given to you of your accusations.  The convention permits you to retire, and will acquaint you with the result of its deliberations." 14.  The charge d'affaires of Spain writes an earnest letter in favour of the King, from his master.  The convention treats it with neglect. 16.  The French make themselves masters of Aix-la-Chapelle. The King is brought a second time to the bar of the convention.  Monsieur de Seze makes an able speech in his defence at the bar.  The King then speaks to the convention: "My counsel has laid before you my "justification and defence, I have nothing to add "but this, that, in addressing you perhaps for the "last time, I declare that my conscience reproaches "me with no crime towards my country, and that my "advocates have spoken nothing but the truth." 27.  Generals Luckner and Rochambeau made marshals of France. 1793 January .        Roland publishes a letter to oppose the calumnies against him. The loyal subjects of Brabant send an address to the emperor. Mont Blanc declared to be an 84th department, of which Chamberry is the capital; this new department contains 364,652 souls. General Dumourier writes some severe truths to the convention, and offers to give in his resignation, disclaiming all pretensions to a dictatorship. The convention rejects the King's appeal to the people. Prince Charles of Hesse-Philipstadt dies of wounds he received at Frankfort. The alien bill passed in England; in consequence of which, persons suspected may be sent out of the kingdom by the executive power. The Prussians and Hessians drive the French from Hocheim. The King of Prussia publishes a declaration, that his army enters Poland only because that country was infested with French democratic madness. Remarkable address of the department of Finisterre against Marat and Robespierre. La Fayette is conveyed to Magdebourg. The Empress of Russia assigns lands in the Crimea to French emigrants, and causes to be paid to the Prince of Condé, at Frankfort, 200,000 rupees for the expences of journey. Dumourier goes to Paris while the convention is debating about the King.  The jacobins insult him. His army is said to be 120,000 strong. General Custine celebrates at Mayence the festival of liberty, by burning the archiepiscopal ornaments. 17.  The convention terminates its deliberations 18.  concerning the King.  He is condemned to 19.  death.  All endeavours to delay the execution of the sentence are rejected. Of the members of the convention, 366 vote for death absolutely; 23 for death, but leaving it hereafter to be discussed, when the execution should take place; 8 for death, and a certain delay or respite; 2 for death at the peace; 319 for detention; and 2 for detention in irons. Pelletier, one who voted for the King's death, is assassinated at a tavern. 20.  Louis hears with calmness the reading of his sentence of death.  Allowed only two hours to take a final leave of his wife, his children, and his sister, who are frantic with grief.

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