Partial pressure (or fugacity) of carbon dioxide, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, water temperature, salinity and other variables collected from discrete sample and profile observations during the R/V Knorr AJAX_1983 cruises (EXPOCODEs 316N19831007, 316N19840111) in the North Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean and Southern Oceans from 1983-10-07 to 1984-02-19 (NCEI Accession 0117503)