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Search Search CSRC MENU Search Search Projects Publications Expand or Collapse Drafts for Public Comment All Public Drafts Final Pubs FIPS (standards) Special Publications (SP s ) IR (interagency/internal reports) CSWP (cybersecurity white papers) ITL Bulletins Project Descriptions Journal Articles Conference Papers Books Topics Expand or Collapse Security & Privacy Applications Technologies Sectors Laws & Regulations Activities & Products News & Updates Events Glossary About CSRC Expand or Collapse Computer Security Division Cryptographic Technology Software Security Group Hardware Security Group Security Engineering and Risk Management Applied Cybersecurity Division Cybersecurity and Privacy Applications National Cybersecurity Center of Excellence (NCCoE) National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) Contact Us Information Technology Laboratory Computer Security Resource Center Publications NIST SP 800-239 (Initial Public Draft) AI Data Center Security Analysis: A High-Performance Computing (HPC) Driven Approach Share to Facebook Share to X Share to LinkedIn Share ia Email Documentation Topics Date Published: July 27, 2026 Comments Due: September 25, 2026 Email Comments to: [email protected] Author(s) Yang Guo (NIST) , Bennett Tomlinson (NIST) Announcement Building upon established principles from high-performance computing (HPC) threat analyses and security overlays, this publication delivers a thorough threat and security gap analysis for purpose-built AI infrastructure used in model training, inference, and applications. By contrasting AI data centers with traditional HPC systems across architecture, hardware, software stacks, workflows, and storage systems, the publication pinpoints critical security threats and outlines possible solutions to safeguard next-generation AI environments. NOTE: A call for patent claims is included in this draft. For additional information, see the Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) Patent Policy--Inclusion of Patents in ITL Publications . Abstract The architecture of high-performance computing (HPC) systems has significantly influenced the development of artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, which are purpose-built for model training, inference, and applications. This publication conducts a threat and security gap analysis of AI data centers and provides basic recommendations. It leverages prior work on HPC threat analysis, security posture, and the HPC security overlay to identify key differences between AI data centers and HPC systems in system architecture, hardware, software stacks, workflows, and data storage systems. The key threats facing AI data centers are then identified, and possible solutions are included. The architecture of high-performance computing (HPC) systems has significantly influenced the development of artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, which are purpose-built for model training, inference, and applications. This publication conducts a threat and security gap analysis of AI data... See full abstract The architecture of high-performance computing (HPC) systems has significantly influenced the development of artificial intelligence (AI) data centers, which are purpose-built for model training, inference, and applications. This publication conducts a threat and security gap analysis of AI data centers and provides basic recommendations. It leverages prior work on HPC threat analysis, security posture, and the HPC security overlay to identify key differences between AI data centers and HPC systems in system architecture, hardware, software stacks, workflows, and data storage systems. The key threats facing AI data centers are then identified, and possible solutions are included. Hide full abstract Keywords AI data center ; AI data center security ; AI data center computing environment ; AI data center reference architecture ; high-performance computing (HPC) ; HPC reference architecture ; HPC security ; security guideline Control Families None selected Documentation Publication: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-239.ipd Download URL Supplemental Material: None available Document History: 07/27/26: SP 800-239 (Draft) Topics Security and Privacy general security & privacy Technologies artificial intelligence , cloud & virtualization , servers HEADQUARTERS 100 Bureau Drive Gaithersburg, MD 20899 X (link is external) facebook (link is external) linkedin (link is external) instagram (link is external) youtube (link is external) rss govdelivery (link is external) Want updates about CSRC and our publications? 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