PART 360—NOXIOUS WEED REGULATIONS Authority: 7 U.S.C. 7701-7772 and 7781-7786; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3. § 360.100 Definitions. As used in this part, words in the singular form shall be deemed to import the plural and vice versa, as the case may require. Administrator. APHIS. Department. Interstate. Move. Noxious weed. Permit. Person. Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. Responsible person. State. Taxon (taxa). Through the United States. United States. [41 FR 49988, Nov. 12, 1976, as amended at 75 FR 68953, Nov. 102, 2010] § 360.200 Designation of noxious weeds. The Administrator has determined that it is necessary to designate the following plants 1 1 (a) Aquatic and wetland weeds: Azolla pinnata Caulerpa taxifolia Eichhornia azurea Hydrilla verticillata Hygrophila polysperma Ipomoea aquatica Lagarosiphon major Limnophila sessiliflora Melaleuca quinquenervia Monochoria hastata Monochoria vaginalis Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers. Sagittaria sagittifolia Salvinia auriculata Salvinia biloba Salvinia herzogii Salvinia molesta Solanum tampicense Sparganium erectum (b) Parasitic weeds: Aeginetia Alectra Cuscuta Cuscuta americana Cuscuta applanata Cuscuta approximata Cuscuta attenuata Cuscuta boldinghii Cuscuta brachycalyx Cuscuta californica Cuscuta campestris Cuscuta cassytoides Cuscuta ceanothi Cuscuta cephalanthi Cuscuta compacta Cuscuta coryli Cuscuta cuspidata Cuscuta decipiens Cuscuta dentatasquamata Cuscuta denticulata Cuscuta epilinum Cuscuta epithymum Cuscuta erosa Cuscuta europaea Cuscuta exaltata Cuscuta fasciculata Cuscuta glabrior Cuscuta globulosa Cuscuta glomerata Cuscuta gronovii Cuscuta harperi Cuscuta howelliana Cuscuta indecora Cuscuta leptantha Cuscuta mitriformis Cuscuta obtusiflora Cuscuta odontolepis Cuscuta pentagona Cuscuta planiflora Cuscuta plattensis Cuscuta polygonorum Cuscuta rostrata Cuscuta runyonii Cuscuta salina Cuscuta sandwichiana Cuscuta squamata Cuscuta suaveolens Cuscuta suksdorfii Cuscuta tuberculata Cuscuta umbellata Cuscuta umbrosa Cuscuta veatchii Cuscuta warneri Orobanche Orobanche bulbosa Orobanche californica Orobanche cooperi Orobanche corymbosa Orobanche dugesii Orobanche fasciculata Orobanche ludoviciana Orobanche multicaulis Orobanche parishii Orobanche pinorum Orobanche uniflora Orobanche valida Orobanche vallicola Striga (c) Terrestrial weeds: Acacia nilotica Ageratina adenophora Ageratina riparia Alternanthera sessilis Arctotheca calendula Asphodelus fistulosus Avena sterilis Avena ludoviciana Carthamus oxyacantha Chrysopogon aciculatus Commelina benghalensis Crupina vulgaris Digitaria abyssinica Digitaria velutina Drymaria arenariodes Emex australis Emex spinosa Euphorbia terracina Galega officinalis Heracleum mantegazzianum Imperata brasiliensis Imperata cylindrica Inula britannica Ischaemum rugosum Leptochloa chinensis Lycium ferocissimum Lygodium flexuosum Lygodium microphyllum Melastoma malabathricum Mikania cordata Mikania micrantha Mimosa diplotricha Mimosa pigra pigra Moraea collina Moraea flaccida Moraea miniata Moraea ochroleuca Moraea pallida Nassella trichotoma Onopordum acaulon Onopordum illyricum Opuntia aurantiaca Oryza longistaminata Oryza punctata Oryza rufipogon Paspalum scrobiculatum Pennisetum clandestinum Pennisetum macrourum Pennisetum pedicellatum Pennisetum polystachion Prosopis alpataco Prosopis argentina Prosopis articulata Prosopis burkartii Prosopis caldenia Prosopis calingastana Prosopis campestris Prosopis castellanosii Prosopis denudans Prosopis elata Prosopis farcta Prosopis ferox Prosopis fiebrigii Prosopis hassleri Prosopis humilis Prosopis kuntzei Prosopis pallida Prosopis palmeri Prosopis reptans reptans Prosopis rojasiana Prosopis ruizlealii Prosopis ruscifolia Prosopis sericantha Prosopis strombulifera Prosopis torquata Rottboellia cochinchinensis Rubus fruticosus Rubus moluccanus Saccharum spontaneum Salsola vermiculata Senecio inaequidens Senecio madagascariensis Setaria pumila pallidefusca Solanum torvum Solanum viarum Spermacoce alata Tridax procumbens Urochloa panicoides [48 FR 20039, May 4, 1983, as amended at 49 FR 25223, June 20, 1984; 57 FR 8838, Mar. 13, 1992; 60 FR 35832, July 12, 1995; 64 FR 12883, Mar. 16, 1999; 65 FR 33743, May 25, 2000; 66 FR 21060, Apr. 27, 2001; 71 FR 35381, June 20, 2006; 74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009; 75 FR 68953, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.300 Notice of restrictions on movement of noxious weeds. No person may move a Federal noxious weed into or through the United States, or interstate, unless: (a) He or she applies for a permit to move a noxious weed in accordance with § 360.301; (b) The permit application is approved; and (c) The movement is consistent with the specific conditions contained in the permit. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0579-0054) [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.301 Information required for applications for permits to move noxious weeds. (a) Permit to import a noxious weed into the United States. 2 2 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/plantproducts.shtml. (1) The responsible person's name, address, telephone number, and (if available) e-mail address; (2) The taxon of the noxious weed; (3) Plant parts to be moved; (4) Quantity of noxious weeds to be moved per shipment; (5) Proposed number of shipments per year; (6) Origin of the noxious weeds; (7) Destination of the noxious weeds; (8) Whether the noxious weed is established in the State of destination; (9) Proposed method of shipment; (10) Proposed port of first arrival in the United States; (11) Approximate date of arrival; (12) Intended use of the noxious weeds; (13) Measures to be employed to prevent danger of noxious weed dissemination; and (14) Proposed method of final disposition of the noxious weeds. (b) Permit to move noxious weeds interstate. 3 3 http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/permits/plantproducts.shtml. (1) The responsible person's name, address, telephone number, and (if available) e-mail address; (2) The taxon of the noxious weed; (3) Plant parts to be moved; (4) Quantity of noxious weeds to be moved per shipment; (5) Proposed number of shipments per year, (6) Origin of the noxious weeds; (7) Destination of the noxious weeds; (8) Whether the noxious weed is established in the State of destination; (9) Proposed method of shipment, (10) Approximate date of movement; (11) Intended use of the noxious weeds; (12) Measures to be employed to prevent danger of noxious weed dissemination; and (13) Proposed method of final disposition of the noxious weeds. (c) Permits to move noxious weeds through the United States. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.302 Consideration of applications for permits to move noxious weeds. Upon the receipt of an application made in accordance with § 360.301 for a permit for movement of a noxious weed into the United States or interstate, the Administrator will consider the application on its merits. (a) Consultation. (b) Inspection of premises. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.303 Approval of an application for a permit to move a noxious weed; conditions specified in permit. The Administrator will approve or deny an application for a permit to move a noxious weed. If the application is approved, the Administrator will issue the permit including any conditions that the Administrator has determined are necessary to prevent dissemination of noxious weeds into the United States or interstate. Such conditions may include requirements for inspection of the premises where the noxious weed is to be handled after its movement under the permit, to determine whether the facilities there are adequate to prevent noxious weed dissemination and whether the conditions of the permit are otherwise being observed. Before the permit is issued, the Administrator will require the responsible person to agree in writing to the conditions under which the noxious weed will be safeguarded. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.304 Denial of an application for a permit to move a noxious weed; revocation of a permit to move a noxious weed. (a) The Administrator may deny an application for a permit to move a noxious weed when the Administrator determines that: (1) No safeguards adequate or appropriate to prevent dissemination of the noxious weed can be implemented; or (2) The destructive potential of the noxious weed, should it escape despite proposed safeguards, outweighs the probable benefits to be derived from the proposed movement and use of the noxious weed; or (3) The responsible person, or the responsible person's agent, as a previous permittee, failed to maintain the safeguards or otherwise observe the conditions prescribed in a previous permit and failed to demonstrate the ability or intent to observe them in the future; or (4) The movement could impede an APHIS eradication, suppression, control, or regulatory program; or (5) A State plant regulatory official objects to the issuance of the permit on the grounds that granting the permit will pose a risk of dissemination of the noxious weed into the State; or (6) The application for the permit contains information that is found to be materially false, fraudulent, or deceptive; or (7) APHIS may deny a permit to a person who has previously failed to comply with any APHIS regulation. (b) The Administrator may revoke any outstanding permit when: (1) After the issuance of the permit, information is received that constitutes cause for the denial of an application for permit under paragraph (a) of this section; or (2) The responsible person has not maintained the safeguards or otherwise observed the conditions specified in the permit. (c) If a permit is orally revoked, APHIS will provide the reasons for the withdrawal of the permit in writing within 10 days. Any person whose permit has been revoked or any person who has been denied a permit may appeal the decision in writing to the Administrator within 10 days after receiving the written notification of the revocation or denial. The appeal must state all of the facts and reasons upon which the person relies to show that the permit was wrongfully revoked or denied. The Administrator will grant or deny the appeal, in writing, stating the reasons for the decision as promptly as circumstances allow. If there is a conflict as to any material fact, a hearing will be held to resolve the conflict. Rules of practice concerning such a hearing will be adopted by the Administrator. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 79 FR 19812, Apr. 10, 2014] § 360.305 Disposal of noxious weeds when permits are revoked. When a permit for the movement of a noxious weed is revoked by the Administrator and not reinstated under § 360.304(c), further movement of the noxious weed covered by the permit into or through the United States, or interstate, is prohibited unless authorized by another permit. The responsible person must arrange for disposal of the noxious weed in question in a manner that the Administrator determines is adequate to prevent noxious weed dissemination. The Administrator may seize, quarantine, treat, apply other remedial measures to, destroy, or otherwise dispose of, in such manner as the Administrator deems appropriate, any noxious weed that is moved without compliance with any conditions in the permit or after the permit has been revoked whenever the Administrator deems it necessary in order to prevent the dissemination of any noxious weed into or within the United States. [75 FR 68954, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 79 FR 19812, Apr. 10, 2014] § 360.400 Treatments. (a) Seeds of Guizotia abyssinica Cuscuta Guizotia abyssinica (1) They are treated in accordance with part 305 of this chapter at the time of arrival at the port of first arrival in the United States; or (2) They are treated prior to shipment to the United States at a facility that is approved by APHIS 4 4 (b) [Reserved] [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010, as amended at 83 FR 11867, Mar. 19, 2018] § 360.500 Petitions to add a taxon to the noxious weed list. A person may petition the Administrator to have a taxon added to the noxious weeds lists in § 360.200. Details of the petitioning process for adding a taxon to the lists are available on the Internet at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/weeds/downloads/listingguide.pdf. (a) Identification of the taxon. (2) Common synonyms; (3) Botanical classification; (4) Common names; (5) Summary of life history; (6) Native and world distribution; (7) Distribution in the United States, if any (specific States, localities, or Global Positioning System coordinates); (8) Description of control efforts, if established in the United States; and (9) Whether the taxon is regulated at the State or local level. (b) Potential consequences of the taxon's introduction or spread. (2) Dispersal potential (biological characteristics associated with invasiveness); (3) Potential economic impacts ( e.g., (4) Potential environmental impacts (e.g., impacts on ecosystem processes, natural community composition or structure, human health, recreation patterns, property values, or use of chemicals to control the taxon). (c) Likelihood of the taxon's introduction or spread. (2) The likelihood of survival and spread of the taxon within each pathway. (d) List of references. [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.501 Petitions to remove a taxon from the noxious weed lists. A person may petition the Administrator to remove a taxon from the noxious weeds lists in § 360.200. Details of the petitioning process for removing a taxon from the lists are available at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/plant_health/plant_pest_info/weeds/downloads/delistingguide.pdf. (a) Evidence that the species is distributed throughout its potential range or has spread too far to implement effective control. (b) Evidence that control efforts have been unsuccessful and further efforts are unlikely to succeed. (c) For cultivars of a listed noxious weed, scientific evidence that the cultivar has a combination of risk elements that result in a low pest risk. For example, the cultivar may have a narrow habitat suitability, low dispersal potential, evidence of sterility, inability to cross-pollinate with introduced wild types, or few if any potential negative impacts on the economy or environment of the United States. (d) List of references. [75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010] § 360.600 Preemption of State and local laws. (a) Under section 436 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7756), a State or political subdivision of a State may not regulate in foreign commerce any noxious weed in order to control it, eradicate it, or prevent its dissemination. A State or political subdivision of a State also may not impose prohibitions or restrictions upon the movement in interstate commerce of noxious weeds if the Secretary has issued a regulation or order to prevent the dissemination of the noxious weed within the United States. The only exceptions to this are: (1) If the prohibitions or restrictions issued by the State or political subdivision of a State are consistent with and do not exceed the regulations or orders issued by the Secretary; or (2) If the State or political subdivision of a State demonstrates to the Secretary and the Secretary finds that there is a special need for additional prohibitions or restrictions based on sound scientific data or a thorough risk assessment. (b) Therefore, in accordance with section 436 of the Plant Protection Act, the regulations in this part preempt all State and local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with or exceed the regulations in this part unless a special need request has been granted in accordance with the regulations in §§ 301.1 through 301.13 of this chapter. [74 FR 53400, Oct. 19, 2009. Redesignated at 75 FR 68955, Nov. 10, 2010]