PART 128—VETERAN SMALL BUSINESS CERTIFICATION PROGRAM Authority: 15 U.S.C. 632(q), 634(b)(6), 644, 645, 657f, 657f-1. Source: 87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, unless otherwise noted. Subpart A—Provisions of General Applicability § 128.100 What is the purpose of this part? Section 8127 of Title 38 within the U.S. Code (38 U.S.C. 8127) authorizes certain procurement mechanisms to provide Veteran-Owned Small Business Concerns (VOSB) and Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Concerns (SDVOSB) with contracting assistance opportunities at the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). Section 36 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 657f) authorizes certain procurement mechanisms to provide SDVOSBs with contracting assistance opportunities across the Federal Government. In addition, sections 36 and 36A of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 657f, 657f-1) authorize the Small Business Administration (SBA) to certify the status of VOSB and SDVOSBs. This part implements these mechanisms and ensures that the program created, referred to as the Veteran Small Business Certification Program (VetCert), is substantially related to this important congressional goal in accordance with applicable law. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 102508, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.101 What type of assistance is available under this part? Contracting officers are authorized to restrict competition or award sole source contracts or orders to eligible SDVOSBs. In addition, 48 CFR chapter 8 authorizes VA contracting officers to restrict competition or award sole source contracts or orders to eligible VOSBs and SDVOSBs. § 128.102 What definitions are important in the Veteran Small Business Certification Program? Applicant Certification database Contracting officer Day-to-day operations Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Negative control e.g., Non-veteran Participant Permanent caregiver, (1) A permanent caregiver may be appointed, in a number of ways, including: (i) By a court of competent jurisdiction; (ii) By the Department of Veterans Affairs, National Caregiver Support Program, as the Primary Family Caregiver of a Veteran participating in the Program of Comprehensive Assistance for Family Caregivers (this designation is subject to the Veteran and the caregiver meeting other specific criteria as established by law and the Secretary and may be revoked if the eligibility criteria do not continue to be met); or (iii) By a legal designation. (2) Any appointment of a permanent caregiver must in all cases be accompanied by a written determination from the Department of Veterans Affairs that the veteran has a permanent and total service-connected disability as set forth in 38 CFR 3.340 for purposes of receiving disability compensation or a disability pension. The appointment must also delineate why the permanent caregiver is given the appointment, must include the consent of the veteran to the appointment and how the appointment would contribute to managing the veteran's well-being. Qualifying veteran Service-connected Service-disabled veteran Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Concern (SDVOSB) Service-disabled veteran with a permanent and severe disability Small business concern (SBC) Surviving spouse System for Award Management (SAM) www.sam.gov e.g., VA Veteran Veterans Affairs Acquisition Regulation (VAAR) Veteran-Owned Small Business Concern (VOSB) [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 42592, July 3, 2023] Subpart B—Eligibility Requirements for the Veteran Small Business Certification Program § 128.200 What are the requirements a concern must meet to qualify as a VOSB or SDVOSB? (a) Qualification as a VOSB. (1) A small business concern as defined in part 121 of this chapter under the size standard corresponding to any NAICS code listed in its SAM profile; (2) Not less than 51 percent owned and controlled by one or more veterans who reside in the United States. (b) Qualification as an SDVOSB. (1) A small business concern as defined in part 121 of this chapter under the size standard corresponding to any NAICS code listed in its SAM profile; (2) Not less than 51 percent owned and controlled by one or more service-disabled veterans who reside in the United States or, in the case of a veteran with a disability that is rated by the Secretary of Veterans Affairs as a permanent and total disability who are unable to manage the daily business operations of such concern, the spouse or permanent caregiver of such veteran who resides in the United States. (c) VOSB and SDVOSB certification requirement. (2) A concern must be certified pursuant to § 128.300 to receive a prime contract that is to be counted by a Federal agency for the purposes of meeting participation goals for SDVOSBs or to receive a subcontract from a Federal prime contractor for the purpose of meeting subcontracting goals for SBVOSBs in Federal procurement contracts. Any small business concern that submits a complete certification application to SBA on or before December 22, 2024, shall be eligible to self-certify for a Federal prime or subcontract that counts towards SDVOSB goaling purposes or SDVOSB subcontracting goals, respectively, until SBA declines or approves the concern's application. Any small business concern that does not submit a complete SDVOSB certification application to SBA on or before December 22, 2024, will no longer be eligible to self-certify for a Federal prime or subcontract that counts towards SDVOSB goaling purposes or SDVOSB subcontracting goals, respectively. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 48269, June 6, 2024; 89 FR 102508, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.201 What other eligibility requirements apply for certification as a VOSB or SDVOSB? (a) Suspension and debarment. (2) An Applicant or Participant must immediately notify SBA of any active exclusion. (3) If, after certifying a Participant, SBA discovers that a firm has been suspended from Federal Government contracting, SBA will propose the firm for decertification pursuant to § 128.310. (4) If, after certifying a Participant, SBA discovers that a firm has been debarred from federal government contracting, SBA will remove the Participant from the certification database immediately, notwithstanding the provisions of § 128.310. (b) Federal financial obligations. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 89 FR 102508, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.202 Who does SBA consider to own a VOSB or SDVOSB? To qualify as a VOSB, one or more veterans must unconditionally and directly own at least 51 percent of the concern. To qualify as a SDVOSB, one or more service-disabled veterans must unconditionally and directly own at least 51 percent of the concern. (a) Direct ownership. (b) Unconditional ownership. (1) The pledge or encumbrance of stock or other ownership interest as collateral, including seller-financed transactions, does not affect the unconditional nature of ownership if the terms follow normal commercial practices and the owner retains control absent violations of the terms. (2) In determining unconditional ownership, SBA will disregard any unexercised stock options or similar agreements held by qualifying veterans. However, any unexercised stock options or similar agreements (including rights to convert non-voting stock or debentures into voting stock) held by non-veterans will be treated as exercised, except for any ownership interests which are held by investment companies licensed under 15 U.S.C. 681 et. seq. (3) A right of first refusal granting the non-qualifying-veteran the contractual right to purchase the ownership interests of the qualifying veteran, does not affect the unconditional nature of ownership, if the terms follow normal commercial practices. If those rights are exercised by the non-qualifying-veteran, a Participant must notify SBA in accordance with § 128.307. If the exercise of those rights results in the qualifying veteran(s) owning less than 51% of the concern, SBA will initiate decertification pursuant to § 128.310. (c) Ownership of a partnership. (d) Ownership of a limited liability company. (e) Ownership of a corporation. (f) Change of ownership. (g) Dividends and distributions. (1) At least 51 percent of any distribution of profits paid to the owners of a corporation, partnership, or limited liability company concern, and a qualifying veteran's ability to share in the profits of the concern must be commensurate with the extent of his/her ownership interest in that concern. (2) 100 percent of the value of each share of stock owned by them in the event that the stock or member interest is sold; (3) At least 51 percent of the retained earnings of the concern and 100 percent of the unencumbered value of each share of stock or member interest owned in the event of dissolution of the corporation, partnership, or limited liability company; and (h) Community property. (i) Surviving spouse. (i) The surviving spouse of the deceased veteran acquires such veteran's ownership interest in such concern; (ii) Such veteran had a service-connected disability (as defined in 38 U.S.C. 101(16)); and (iii) For a Participant, immediately prior to the death of such veteran, and during the period described in paragraph (i)(2) of this section, the small business concern is included in the certification database. (2) The time period described in paragraph (i)(1)(iii) of this section is the time period beginning on the date of the veteran's death and ending on the earlier of— (i) The date on which the surviving spouse remarries; (ii) The date on which the surviving spouse relinquishes an ownership interest in the small business concern; (iii) In the case of a surviving spouse of a veteran with a service-connected disability rated as 100 percent disabling or who dies as a result of a service-connected disability, 10 years after the date of the death of the veteran; or (iv) In the case of a surviving spouse of a veteran with a service-connected disability rated as less than 100 percent disabling who does not die as a result of a service-connected disability, 3 years after the date of the death of the veteran. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 102508, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.203 Who does SBA consider to control a VOSB or SDVOSB? (a) General. (b) Managerial position and experience. (c) Control over a partnership. (d) Control over a limited liability company. (e) Control over a corporation. (1) SBA will deem qualifying veterans to control the Board of Directors where: (i) One qualifying veteran owns 100% of all voting stock and is on the Board of Directors; (ii) One qualifying veteran owns at least 51% of all voting stock, the qualifying veteran is on the Board of Directors, and no supermajority voting requirements exist for shareholders to approve corporation actions. Where supermajority voting requirements are provided for in the concern's articles of incorporation, its by-laws, or by state law, the qualifying veteran must own at least the percent of the voting stock needed to overcome any such supermajority voting requirements; or (iii) Two or more qualifying veterans together own at least 51% of all voting stock, each such qualifying veteran is on the Board of Directors, no supermajority voting requirements exist, and the qualifying veteran shareholders can demonstrate that they have made enforceable arrangements to permit one qualifying veteran to vote the stock of all qualifying veterans as a block without a shareholder meeting. Where the concern has supermajority voting requirements, the qualifying veteran shareholders must own at least that percentage of voting stock needed to overcome any such supermajority ownership requirements. (2) Where a concern does not meet the requirements set forth in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the qualifying veteran(s) must control the Board of Directors through actual numbers of voting directors or, where permitted by state law, through weighted voting ( e.g., (i) Provisions for the establishment of a quorum cannot permit non-qualifying-veteran Directors to control the Board of Directors, directly or indirectly; and (ii) Any Executive Committee of Directors must be controlled by qualifying veteran Directors unless the Executive Committee can only make recommendations to and cannot independently exercise the authority of the Board of Directors. (iii) Non-qualifying-veterans may be found to control or have the power to control in circumstances where non-qualifying-veterans control the Board of Directors of the Applicant or Participant, either directly through majority voting membership, or indirectly, where the by-laws allow non-qualifying-veterans to prevent a quorum or block actions proposed by the qualifying veterans. (3) Non-voting, advisory, or honorary Directors may be appointed without affecting qualifying veterans' control of the Board of Directors. (4) Arrangements regarding the structure and voting rights of the Board of Directors must comply with applicable state law. (f) Supermajority requirements. (g) Unexercised rights. (h) Limitations on control by non-qualifying-veterans. (1) Exercise actual control or have the power to control the concern; (2) Have business relationships that cause such dependence that the qualifying veteran cannot exercise independent business judgment without great economic risk; (3) Control the concern through loan arrangements (which does not include providing a loan guaranty on commercially reasonable terms); (4) Provide critical financial or bonding support or a critical license to the concern, which directly or indirectly allows the non-qualifying veteran to significantly influence business decisions of the qualifying veteran. (5) Be a former employer, or a principal of a former employer, of any qualifying veteran, unless the concern demonstrates that the relationship between the former employer or principal and the qualifying veteran does not give the former employer actual control or the potential to control the concern and such relationship is in the best interests of the concern; or (6) Receive compensation from the concern in any form as a director, officer, or employee, that exceeds the compensation to be received by the qualifying veteran who holds the highest officer position (usually Chief Executive Officer or President), unless the concern demonstrates that the compensation to be received by non-qualifying veteran is commercially reasonable or that the qualifying veteran has elected to take lower compensation to benefit the concern. A certified SDVOSB must notify SBA within 30 calendar days if the compensation paid to the highest-ranking officer falls below that paid to a non-qualifying veteran. In such a case, SBA must determine that that the compensation to be received by the non-qualifying veteran is commercially reasonable or that the highest-ranking officer has elected to take lower compensation to benefit the SDVOSB before SBA may determine that the concern is eligible for a SDVOSB award. (i) Limitation on outside employment. (2) Where a qualifying veteran claiming to control a business concern devotes fewer hours to the business than its normal hours of operation, SBA will assume that the qualifying veteran does not control the business concern, unless the concern demonstrates that the qualifying veteran has ultimate managerial and supervisory control over both the long-term decision making and day-to-day management of the business. (3) Any qualifying veteran who seeks to engage in outside employment after certification must notify SBA of the nature and anticipated duration of the outside employment and demonstrate to SBA that the outside employment will not prevent the qualifying veteran from controlling the business concern. (j) Exception for extraordinary circumstances. (1) Adding a new equity stakeholder or increasing the investment amount of an equity stakeholder; (2) Dissolution of the company; (3) Sale of the company or all assets of the company; (4) The merger of the company; (5) Company declaring bankruptcy; (6) Amendment of the company's corporate governance documents to remove the shareholder's authority to block any of the actions in paragraphs (j)(1) through (5) of this section; and (7) Any other extraordinary action that is crafted solely to protect the investment of the minority shareholders, and not to impede the majority's ability to control the concern's operations or to conduct the concern's business as it chooses. (k) Exception for active duty. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 89 FR 96094, Dec. 4, 2024; 89 FR 102508, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.204 What size standards apply to VOSBs and SDVOSBs? (a) Time of certification. (b) Time of contract offer. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] Subpart C—Certification of VOSB or SDVOSB Status § 128.300 How is a concern certified as a VOSB or SDVOSB? A concern must apply to SBA for certification as a VOSB or SDVOSB. The concern must submit evidence that it is a small business owned and controlled by one or more qualifying veterans. SBA will consider the information provided by the concern in order to determine whether the concern qualifies. If SBA determines that a concern meets the eligibility requirements of a VOSB or SDVOSB, it will notify the concern and designate the concern as a certified VOSB or SDVOSB in the certification database. § 128.301 Where must an application be filed? An application for certification as a VOSB or SDVOSB must be electronically filed according to the instructions on SBA's website at www.sba.gov [89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.302 How does SBA process applications for certification? (a) SBA's Director of Government Contracting (D/GC) (or designee) is authorized to approve or deny applications for certification as a VOSB or SDVOSB. An applicant must be eligible as of the date SBA issues a decision. (b) SBA, in its sole discretion, may request clarification of information relating to eligibility at any time in the eligibility determination process. SBA will take into account any clarifications made by an Applicant in response to such a request. (c) SBA, in its sole discretion, may request additional documentation at any time in the eligibility determination process. Failure to adequately respond to the documentation request shall constitute grounds for a denial. If an Applicant does not provide requested information within the allotted time provided by SBA, or if it submits incomplete information, SBA may draw an adverse inference and presume that the information that the Applicant failed to provide would demonstrate ineligibility and deny certification on this basis. (d) An Applicant's eligibility will be based on the totality of circumstances, including facts set forth in the application, supporting documentation, any information received in response to any SBA request for clarification, and any changed circumstances. The Applicant bears the burden of proof to demonstrate its eligibility as a VOSB or SDVOSB. (1) If a concern submits inconsistent information that results in SBA's inability to determine the concern's compliance with any of the VOSB or SDVOSB eligibility requirements, SBA will decline the concern's application. (2) If, during the processing of an application, SBA determines that an applicant has knowingly submitted false information, regardless of whether correct information would cause SBA to deny the application, and regardless of whether correct information was given to SBA in accompanying documents, SBA will deny the application. (e) The Applicant must inform SBA of any changed circumstances that occur during its application review and that could affect its eligibility for the program ( e.g., (f) The decision of the D/GC to approve or deny an application will be in writing. A decision to deny certification status will state the specific reason(s) for denial and will inform the Applicant of any appeal rights. (1) If SBA denies a business concern's application for VOSB or SDVOSB certification, within two days of SBA's denial becoming a final agency decision, the applicant concern must update its VOSB or SDVOSB self-certification status in the System for Award Management (or any successor system) to reflect that the concern is not an eligible VOSB or SDVOSB. (i) If an applicant appeals the D/GC's denial decision to SBA's Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) in accordance with part 134 of this chapter and OHA affirms the ineligibility determination, the two-day requirement applies immediately upon OHA's final decision. (ii) If an applicant does not appeal the D/GC's denial decision to OHA, the two-day requirement begins 10 business days after receipt of the D/GC's denial. (2) If a business concern fails to update its VOSB or SDVOSB self-certification status in the System for Award Management (or any successor system) after a final SBA decision, SBA will make such update within two days of the business's failure to do so. (g) If the D/GC approves the application, the period of program eligibility will be specified in the concern's certification letter. (h) SBA will send a copy of the decision letter to the electronic mail address provided with the application. SBA will consider any decision sent to this electronic mail address provided to have been received by the applicant concern. It is the responsibility of the Applicant to ensure all contact information is current in the certification database. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 88 FR 42592, July 3, 2023; 89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.303 What must a concern submit to apply for VOSB or SDVOSB certification? (a) To be certified by SBA as a VOSB or SDVOSB, a concern must provide documents and information demonstrating that it is owned and controlled by one or more qualifying veterans and qualifies as a small business concern as defined in part 121 of this chapter under the size standard corresponding to any NAICS code listed in its SAM profile. A list of the minimum required documents that must be submitted can be found on SBA's website at www.sba.gov (b) Where an Applicant small business concern is a participant in the 8(a) Business Development (BD) Program and the individual upon whom 8(a) BD Program eligibility is based is a qualifying veteran, the Applicant may use documentation of its most recent annual review, or documentation of its 8(a) BD Program acceptance if it has not yet had an annual review, in support of its application for certification as a VOSB or SDVOSB. An Applicant must certify that there have been no material changes in its ownership or control since its 8(a) BD Program certification or annual review and demonstrate that the individual(s) who own and control it are qualifying veterans. (c) A small business concern that is certified by the WOSB/EDWOSB Program and the individual(s) upon whom WOSB/EDWOSB Program eligibility is based is one or more qualifying veterans may use documentation of its most recent annual recertification, or documentation of its acceptance in support of its application for certification. An Applicant must certify that there are no material changes in its ownership or control since its WOSB certification or recertification and demonstrate that the individuals who own and control it are qualifying veterans. (d) If a concern was decertified or previously denied certification from the Veteran Small Business Certification Program within the past 3 years, it must include with its application for certification a full explanation of why it was decertified or denied certification, and what, if any, changes have been made. If SBA is not satisfied with the explanation provided, SBA will deny the concern. (e) If the concern was decertified for failure to notify SBA of a material change affecting its eligibility pursuant to § 128.307, it must include with its application for certification a full explanation of why it failed to notify SBA of the material change. If SBA is not satisfied with the explanation provided, SBA will deny the concern. (f) Participants must retain documentation demonstrating satisfaction of all qualifying requirements during the entire period of participation. § 128.304 Can an Applicant appeal SBA's initial decision to deny an application? An Applicant may appeal SBA's decision to deny an application for certification as a VOSB or SDVOSB by filing an appeal with the SBA's Office of Hearings and Appeals (OHA) in accordance with part 134 of this chapter. A denial or decertification based on the failure to provide sufficient evidence of the qualifying individual's status as a veteran or a service-disabled veteran is not subject to appeal to OHA. § 128.305 May declined or decertified concerns apply for recertification at a later date? (a) A concern that SBA has declined may apply for certification after ninety (90) calendar days from the date of decline, if it believes that it has overcome all of the reasons for decline and is currently eligible. (b) A concern that SBA has decertified may apply for certification immediately after the date of decertification, if it believes that it has overcome all reasons for decertification through changed circumstances and is currently eligible. (c) A concern that voluntarily withdraws from the VetCert program may immediately apply for certification, if it believes that it is currently eligible. [89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.306 How does a concern maintain its VOSB or SDVOSB certification? (a) Any Participant seeking to remain certified must recertify its eligibility every 3 years. There is no limitation on the number of times a business may recertify. Participants may recertify within 90 calendar days prior to the termination of their eligibility period. If a concern fails to recertify, SBA will decertify the concern at the end of its eligibility period. However, if a concern is able to recertify its eligibility within 30 days of the end of its eligibility period, SBA will reinstate the concern as a certified VOSB or SDVOSB. (b) The Participant must maintain its eligibility during its participation in the program and must inform SBA of any changes that may affect its eligibility within 30 calendar days in accordance with § 128.307. (c) The Participant must respond to any program examination initiated by SBA to remain a certified VOSB or SDVOSB. (d) At the discretion of the Administrator (or designee), a Participant's eligibility period may be extended by a period of up to one year. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.307 What are a Participant's ongoing obligations to SBA? Once certified, a VOSB or SDVOSB must notify SBA of any material changes that could affect its eligibility, within 30 calendar days of any such change, and attest to its continued eligibility. Material changes include, but are not limited to, a change in the firm's ownership, business structure, or control, filing of bankruptcy, or change in active duty status. The method for notifying SBA can be found on SBA's web page. A concern's failure to notify SBA of a material change may result in decertification, pursuant to § 128.310. In addition, SBA may seek the imposition of penalties under § 128.600. § 128.308 What is a program examination and what will SBA examine? (a) General. (b) Scope of examination. (c) Outcome of examination. (1) If SBA finds that the Participant does not qualify as a VOSB or SDVOSB, the procedures at § 128.310 will apply, except as provided in § 128.201. (2) If SBA finds that the Participant continues to qualify as a VOSB or SDVOSB, the original eligibility period remains in effect. § 128.309 What are the ways a Participant may exit the Veteran Small Business Certification Program? (a) Voluntary withdrawal. (b) Decertification by SBA. (c) Decertification pursuant to a protest. (d) Decertification due to suspension or debarment. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.310 What are the procedures for decertification? (a) Proposed decertification. (b) Response to proposed decertification. (c) Decision. (d) Decertification based on false or misleading information. (2) A firm that is decertified from the VetCert Program due to the submission of false or misleading information may be removed from SBA's other small business contracting programs, including the 8(a) Business Development Program, the HUBZone Program, the Women-Owned Small Business (WOSB) Program, and SBA's Mentor-Protégé Program. (3) A firm that is decertified or terminated from the 8(a) BD Program, the HUBZone Program, or the WOSB Program due to the submission of false or misleading information may be decertified from the VetCert Program. (4) SBA may require a firm that is decertified or terminated from the VetCert Program, the 8(a) BD Program, the HUBZone Program, or the WOSB Program due to the submission of false or misleading information to enter into an administrative agreement with SBA as a condition of admission or re-admission to the VetCert program. (e) Effect of decertification. (f) Appeals. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] Subpart D—Federal Contract Assistance § 128.400 What are VOSB and SDVOSB contracts? (a) VOSB contracts are exclusively VA procurements, including prime contracts and subcontracts for which the VA is the procuring agency. For VA procurements, the VAAR (48 CFR chapter 8) specifically governs requirements exclusive to VA prime and subcontracting actions. The VAAR supplements the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR), which contains guidance applicable to most Federal agencies. (b) SDVOSB contracts, including Multiple Award Contracts (see § 125.1 of this chapter), are contracts available to an SDVOSB through any of the following procurement methods: (1) Sole source awards to an SDVOSB; (2) Set-aside awards, including partial set-asides, based on competition restricted to SDVOSBs; (3) Awards based on a reserve for SDVOSBs in a solicitation for a Multiple Award Contract ( see (4) Orders set aside for SDVOSBs against a Multiple Award Contract, which had been awarded in full and open competition or as a small business set-aside. § 128.401 What requirements must a VOSB or SDVOSB meet to submit an offer on a contract? (a) Certification requirement. (b) Joint ventures. (c) Non-manufacturers. (d) Multiple Award Contracts VOSB or SDVOSB status. (i) SBA determines a VOSB or SDVOSB's eligibility for the underlying Multiple Award Contract as of the date a business concern certifies its status as a certified VOSB or SDVOSB as part of its initial offer or response which includes price, unless the firm was required to recertify under § 125.12 of this chapter. (A) Unrestricted Multiple Award Contracts or set-aside Multiple Award Contracts for other than VOSB or SDVOSB. (B) VOSB or SDVOSB set-aside Multiple Award Contracts. (ii) SBA will determine VOSB or SDVOSB status at the time of initial offer or response which includes price, for an order or an Agreement issued against a Multiple Award Contract, if the contracting officer requests a new VOSB or SDVOSB certification for the order or Agreement. (iii) For an indefinite delivery, indefinite quantity (IDIQ), Multiple Award Contract, where concerns are not required to submit price as part of the offer for the IDIQ contract, size will be determined as of the date of initial offer, which may not include price. (2) Total set-aside contracts. see see (3) Partial set-aside contracts. see see e.g., (4) Orders. see see (5) Reserves. see see (e) Recertification. (f) Limitations on subcontracting. (g) Ostensible subcontractor. (1) When the subcontractor qualifies as small for the size standard assigned to the procurement, this issue may be grounds for a VOSB or SDVOSB status protest, as described in § 134.1003(c) of this chapter. When the subcontractor is alleged to be other than small for the size standard assigned to the procurement, this issue may be grounds for a size protest under the ostensible subcontractor rule, as described at § 121.103(h)(2) of this chapter. (2) In the case of a contract or order for services, specialty trade construction or supplies, SBA will find that a prime VOSB or SDVOSB contractor is performing the primary and vital requirements of the contract or order, and is not unduly reliant on one or more subcontractors that are not certified VOSBs or SDVOSBs, where the prime contractor can demonstrate that it, together with any subcontractors that are certified VOSBs or SDVOSBs, will meet the limitations on subcontracting provisions set forth in § 125.6 of this chapter. (3) In a general construction contract, the primary and vital requirements of the contract are the management, supervision and oversight of the project, including coordinating the work of various subcontractors, not the actual construction work performed. (h) Two-step procurements. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 88 FR 42593, July 3, 2023; 89 FR 102509, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.402 When may a joint venture submit an offer on a VOSB or SDVOSB contract? (a) General. e.g., (1) The VOSB or SDVOSB joint venture partner must be certified in accordance with this part; (2) The joint venture agreement must comply with the requirements set forth in this part; and (3) A VOSB or SDVOSB cannot be a joint venture partner on more than one joint venture that submits an offer for a specific contract or order set-aside or reserved for VOSBs or SDVOSBs. (b) Size. (2) A joint venture between a protégé firm certified as a VOSB or SDVOSB and its SBA-approved mentor ( see (c) Contents of joint venture agreement. (1) Setting forth the purpose of the joint venture; (2) Designating a certified VOSB or SDVOSB as the managing venturer of the joint venture and designating a named employee of the certified VOSB or SDVOSB managing venturer as the manager with ultimate responsibility for performance of the contract (the “Responsible Manager”); (i) The managing venturer is responsible for controlling the day-to-day management and administration of the contractual performance of the joint venture, but other partners to the joint venture may participate in all corporate governance activities and decisions of the joint venture as is commercially customary; (ii) The individual identified as the Responsible Manager of the joint venture need not be an employee of the certified VOSB or SDVOSB at the time the joint venture submits an offer, but, if he or she is not, there must be a signed letter of intent that the individual commits to be employed by the certified VOSB or SDVOSB if the joint venture is the successful offeror. The individual identified as the Responsible Manager cannot be employed by the mentor and become an employee of the certified VOSB or SDVOSB for purposes of performance under the joint venture; and (iii) Although the joint venture managers responsible for orders issued under an indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity contract need not be employees of the protégé, those managers must report to and be supervised by the joint venture's Responsible Manager; (3) Stating that with respect to a separate legal entity joint venture, the certified VOSB or SDVOSB must own at least 51% of the joint venture entity; (4) Stating that the certified VOSB or SDVOSB must receive profits from the joint venture commensurate with the work performed by the certified VOSB or SDVOSB, or a percentage agreed to by the parties to the joint venture whereby the certified VOSB or SDVOSB receives profits from the joint venture that exceed the percentage commensurate with the work performed by the certified VOSB or SDVOSB; (5) Providing for the establishment and administration of a special bank account in the name of the joint venture. This account must require the signature or consent of all parties to the joint venture for any payments made by the joint venture to its members for services performed. All payments due the joint venture for performance on a VOSB or SDVOSB contract will be deposited in the special account; all expenses incurred under the contract will be paid from the account as well; (6) Itemizing all major equipment, facilities, and other resources to be furnished by each party to the joint venture, with a detailed schedule of cost or value of each, where practical. If a contract is indefinite in nature, such as an indefinite quantity contract or a multiple award contract where the level of effort or scope of work is not known, the joint venture must provide a general description of the anticipated major equipment, facilities, and other resources to be furnished by each party to the joint venture, without a detailed schedule of cost or value of each, or in the alternative, specify how the parties to the joint venture will furnish such resources to the joint venture once a definite scope of work is made publicly available; (7) Specifying the responsibilities of the parties with regard to negotiation of the contract, source of labor, and contract performance, including ways that the parties to the joint venture will ensure that the joint venture and the certified VOSB or SDVOSB partner(s) to the joint venture will meet the limitations on subcontracting requirements set forth in paragraph (d) of this section, where practical. If a contract is indefinite in nature, such as an indefinite quantity contract or a multiple award contract where the level of effort or scope of work is not known, the joint venture must provide a general description of the anticipated responsibilities of the parties with regard to negotiation of the contract, source of labor, and contract performance, not including the ways that the parties to the joint venture will ensure that the joint venture and the certified VOSB or SDVOSB partner(s) to the joint venture will meet the limitations on subcontracting requirements set forth in paragraph (d) of this section, or in the alternative, specify how the parties to the joint venture will define such responsibilities once a definite scope of work is made publicly available; (8) Obligating all parties to the joint venture to ensure performance of the VOSB or SDVOSB contract and to complete performance despite the withdrawal of any member; (9) Designating that accounting and other administrative records relating to the joint venture be kept in the office of the certified VOSB or SDVOSB managing venturer, unless approval to keep them elsewhere is granted by the District Director (or designee) upon written request; (10) Requiring that the final original records be retained by the certified VOSB or SDVOSB managing venturer upon completion of the VOSB or SDVOSB contract performed by the joint venture; (11) Stating that quarterly financial statements showing cumulative contract receipts and expenditures (including salaries of the joint venture's principals) must be submitted to SBA not later than 45 days after each operating quarter of the joint venture; and (12) Stating that a project-end profit and loss statement, including a statement of final profit distribution, must be submitted to SBA no later than 90 calendar days after completion of the contract. (d) Limitations on subcontracting. (2) The certified VOSB or SDVOSB partner(s) to the joint venture must perform at least 40% of the work performed by the joint venture, except that in the context of a joint venture between a protégé VOSB or SDVOSB and its SBA-approved mentor the VOSB or SDVOSB protégé must individually perform at least 40% of the work performed by the joint venture. (i) The work performed by the certified VOSB or SDVOSB partner(s) to a joint venture must be more than administrative or ministerial functions so that they gain substantive experience. (ii) The amount of work done by the partners will be aggregated and the work done by the certified VOSB or SDVOSB partners must be at least 40% of the total done by all partners. In determining the amount of work done by a non-VOSB or SDVOSB partner, all work done by the non-VOSB or SDVOSB partner and any of its affiliates at any subcontracting tier will be counted. (e) Certification of compliance At time of offer. (i) It is a certified VOSB or SDVOSB; (ii) It, together with its affiliates, is small under the size standard corresponding to the NAICS code assigned to the procurement; (iii) It will comply with the applicable limitations on subcontracting during performance of the contract, as set forth in § 125.6 of this chapter. (2) Prior to identification as apparent successful offeror. (A) The parties have entered into a joint venture agreement that fully complies with paragraph (c) of this section; (B) The parties will perform the contract in compliance with the joint venture agreement and with the limitations on subcontracting requirements set forth in paragraph (d) of this section. (ii) Although the managing venturer must be a certified VOSB or SDVOSB as of the date of the joint venture's initial offer which includes price in order for the joint venture to qualify as an eligible VOSB or SDVOSB, the joint venture must meet the joint venture agreement requirements set forth in paragraph (c) of this section at the time the joint venture is identified as an apparent successful offeror. (f) Capabilities, past performance, and experience. (g) Contract execution. (h) Inspection of records. (i) Performance of work reports. (1) The certified VOSB or SDVOSB partner to the joint venture must annually submit a report to the relevant contracting officer and to SBA, signed by an authorized official of each partner to the joint venture, explaining how and certifying that the performance of work requirements are being met. (2) At the completion of every VOSB or SDVOSB contract awarded to a joint venture, the certified VOSB or SDVOSB partner to the joint venture must submit a report to the relevant contracting officer and to SBA, signed by an authorized official of each partner to the joint venture, explaining how and certifying that the performance of work requirements were met for the contract, and further certifying that the contract was performed in accordance with the provisions of the joint venture agreement that are required under paragraph (c) of this section. (3) Any person with information concerning a joint venture's compliance with the performance of work requirements may report that information to SBA and/or the SBA Office of Inspector General. (j) Basis for suspension or debarment. (1) Failure to enter a joint venture agreement that complies with paragraph (c) of this section; (2) Failure to perform a contract in accordance with the joint venture agreement or limitations on subcontracting requirements in paragraph (d) of this section; or (3) Failure to submit the certification required by paragraph (e) of this section or comply with paragraph (h) of this section. (k) Non-VOSB/SDVOSB contracts. i.e., [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 88 FR 42593, July 3, 2023; 89 FR 102510, Dec. 17, 2024] § 128.403 What requirements are not available for VOSB or SDVOSB contracts? For VA procurements, a contracting officer may award a VOSB or SDVOSB contract as set forth in the VAAR. For non-VA SDVOSB contracts, a contracting activity may not make a requirement available for a SDVOSB contract if: (a) The contracting activity otherwise would fulfill that requirement through award to Federal Prison Industries, Inc. under 18 U.S.C. 4124 or 4125, or to Javits-Wagner-O'Day Act participating non-profit agencies for the blind and severely disabled, under 41 U.S.C. 8501 et seq., (b) An 8(a) BD program participant currently is performing that requirement or SBA has accepted that requirement for performance under the authority of the section 8(a) BD program, unless SBA has consented to release of the requirement from the section 8(a) BD program. § 128.404 When may a contracting officer set aside a procurement for VOSBs or SDVOSBs? (a) VA procurements. (b) Contracting among small business programs Acquisitions valued at or below the simplified acquisition threshold. (2) Acquisitions valued above the simplified acquisition threshold. (ii) SBA believes that progress in fulfilling the various small business goals, as well as other factors such as the results of market research, programmatic needs specific to the procuring agency, anticipated award price, and the acquisition history, will be considered in making a decision as to which program to use for the acquisition. (c) SDVOSB set-asides. (1) Have a reasonable expectation that at least two responsible SDVOSBs will submit offers; and (2) Determine that the award can be made at fair market price. (d) Prohibition on competitions requiring or favoring additional socioeconomic certifications. i.e., [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023] § 128.405 When may a contracting officer award a sole source contract to a VOSBs or SDVOSB? For VA procurements, a contracting officer may award a sole source contract to a VOSB or SDVOSB as set forth in the VAAR. A contracting officer may award a sole source contract to an SDVOSB for non-VA procurements only when the contracting officer determines that: (a) None of the provisions of § 128.403 or § 128.404 apply; (b) The anticipated award price of the contract, including options, will not exceed: (1) $7,000,000 for a contract assigned a manufacturing NAICS code; or (2) $4,000,000 for all other contracts; (c) A SDVOSB is a responsible contractor able to perform the contract; and (d) Contract award can be made at a fair and reasonable price. § 128.406 Are there VOSB or SDVOSB contracting opportunities at or below the simplified acquisition threshold? (a) For VA procurements, a contracting officer may award at or below the simplified acquisition threshold as set forth in the VAAR. (b) For non-VA procurements, if a SDVOSB requirement is at or below the simplified acquisition threshold, the contracting officer may set aside the requirement for consideration among SDVOSBs using simplified acquisition procedures or may award a sole source contract to an SDVOSB. § 128.407 May SBA appeal a contracting officer's decision not to make a procurement available for award as a SDVOSB contract? The SBA Administrator may appeal a contracting officer's decision not to make a particular requirement available for award as an SDVOSB sole source or a SDVOSB set-aside contract at or above the simplified acquisition threshold. § 128.408 What is the process for such an appeal? (a) Notice of appeal. (b) Suspension of action. (c) Deadline for appeal. (d) Decision. Subpart E—Protests Concerning VOSBs and SDVOSBs § 128.500 What are the requirements for filing a VOSB or SDVOSB status protest? (a) All challenges to the inclusion in the certification database of a VOSB or SDVOSB based on the status of the concern as a small business concern or the ownership or control of the concern, shall be heard by the Office of Hearings and Appeals of the Small Business Administration in accordance with part 134 of this chapter. The decision of the Office of Hearings and Appeals shall be considered final agency action. (b) The protest procedures described in part 134 of this chapter are separate from those governing size protests and appeals. All protests relating to whether an eligible VOSB or SDVOSB is a small business for purposes of any Federal program are subject to part 121 of this chapter and must be filed in accordance with that part. If a protester protests both the size of the VOSB or SDVOSB and whether the concern meets the VOSB or SDVOSB requirements set forth in § 128.200, SBA will process each protest concurrently under the procedures set forth in parts 121 and 134 of this chapter. SBA does not review issues concerning the administration of a VOSB or SDVOSB contract. (c) When challenging the SDVOSB status of a joint venture, the managing SDVOSB party to the joint venture must be a certified SDVOSB as of the date of the joint venture's initial offer, including price, for the SDVOSB contract and compliance with the joint venture agreement requirements set forth in § 128.402 is determined as of the date of the final proposal revision for negotiated acquisitions and final bid for sealed bidding. (d) A concern found not to qualify as a VOSB or SDVOSB in a status protest may not submit an offer on a future VOSB or SDVOSB procurement until the protested concern reapplies to the Veteran Small Business Certification Program and has been designated by SBA as a VOSB or SDVOSB into the certification database. If a concern found to be ineligible submits an offer, it may be in violation of criminal laws, including section 16(d) of the Small Business Act, 15 U.S.C. 645(d). If the concern has already certified itself as a VOSB or SDVOSB on a pending procurement, the concern must immediately inform the contracting officer for the procuring agency of the adverse determination. (1) Not later than two days after SBA's final determination finding a concern ineligible as a VOSB or SDVOSB, such concern must update its VOSB or SDVOSB status in the System for Award Management (or any successor system). (2) If a business concern fails to update its VOSB or SDVOSB status in the System for Award Management (or any successor system) in response to decertification, SBA will make such update within two days of the business's failure to do so. (3) A concern required to make an update in the System for Award Management (or any successor system) shall notify a contracting officer for each contract with respect to which such concern has an offer or bid pending of the determination made, if the concern finds, in good faith, that such determination affects the eligibility of the concern to perform such contract. (e) Only interested parties may protest the VOSB or SDVOSB status of an apparent successful offeror for a VOSB or SDVOSB contract. An interested party means any certified VOSB or SDVOSB that submits an offer for a specific VOSB or SDVOSB set-aside contract (including a multiple award contract) or order, or SBA. [87 FR 73412, Nov. 29, 2022, as amended at 88 FR 26216, Apr. 27, 2023; 89 FR 96094, Dec. 4, 2024; 89 FR 102510, Dec. 17, 2024] Subpart F—Penalties and Retention of Records § 128.600 What are the requirements for representing VOSB or SDVOSB status, and what are the penalties for misrepresentation? (a) Presumption of loss based on the total amount expended. (b) Deemed certifications. (1) Submission of a bid, proposal, application or offer for a Federal grant, contract, subcontract, cooperative agreement, or cooperative research and development agreement reserved, set aside, or otherwise classified as intended for award to VOSBs or SDVOSBs. (2) Submission of a bid, proposal, application or offer for a Federal grant, contract, subcontract, cooperative agreement or cooperative research and development agreement which in any way encourages a Federal agency to classify the bid or proposal, if awarded, as an award to a VOSB or SDVOSB. (3) Registration on any Federal electronic database for the purpose of being considered for award of a Federal grant, contract, subcontract, cooperative agreement, or cooperative research and development agreement, as a VOSB or SDVOSB. (c) Signature requirement. (d) Limitation of liability. et seq. (e) Penalties for misrepresentation Suspension or debarment. (2) Civil penalties. (3) Criminal penalties. Subpart G—Surplus Personal Property for Veteran-Owned Small Business Programs § 128.700 How does a VOSB obtain Federal surplus personal property? (a) General. (2) The surplus personal property which may be transferred to SASPs for further transfer to eligible small business concerns owned and controlled by veterans includes all surplus personal property which has become available for donation pursuant to 41 CFR 102-37.30. (b) Eligibility to receive Federal surplus personal property. (1) Be a small business concern owned and controlled by veterans, that has been certified by SBA under this part; (2) Not be debarred, suspended, or declared ineligible under title 2 or title 48 of the CFR; and (3) Be engaged or expect to be engaged in business activities making the item useful to it. (c) Use of acquired surplus personal property. (i) As to what the intended use of the surplus personal property is to be; (ii) That it will use the surplus personal property to be acquired in the normal conduct of its business activities or be liable for the fair rental value from the date of its receipt; (iii) That it will not sell or transfer the surplus personal property to be acquired to any party other than the Federal Government as required by General Services Administration (GSA) and SASP requirements and guidelines; (iv) That, at its own expense, it will return the surplus personal property to a SASP if directed to do so by SBA, including where the concern has not used the property as intended within one year of receipt; (v) That, should it breach its agreement not to sell or transfer the surplus personal property, it will be liable to the Federal Government for the established fair market value or the sale price, whichever is greater, of the property sold or transferred; and (vi) That it will give GSA and the SASP access to inspect the surplus personal property and all records pertaining to it. (2) A concern receiving surplus personal property pursuant to this section assumes all liability associated with or stemming from the use of the property, and all costs associated with the use and maintenance of the property. (d) Costs. (e) Title.