14 CFR Part 13 — Investigative and Enforcement Procedures

PART 13—INVESTIGATIVE AND ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURES Authority: 18 U.S.C. 6002; 28 U.S.C. 2461 note; 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 5121-5124, 40113-40114, 44103-44106, 44701-44704, 44709-44710, 44713, 44725, 44742, 44802 (note), 46101-46111, 46301, 46302 (for a violation of 49 U.S.C. 46504), 46304-46316, 46318-46320, 46501-46502, 46504, 46507, 47106, 47107, 47111, 47122, 47306, 47531-47532; 49 CFR 1.83. Source: Docket No. 18884, 44 FR 63723, Nov. 5, 1979, unless otherwise noted. Subpart A—General Authority to Re-Delegate and Investigative Procedures Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54526, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.1 Re-delegation. Unless otherwise specified, the Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, and the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement may re-delegate the authority delegated to them under this part. § 13.2 Reports of violations. (a) Any person who knows of any violation of 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII, 49 U.S.C. chapter 51, or any rule, regulation, or order issued under those statutes, should report the violation to FAA personnel. (b) FAA personnel will review each report made under this section to determine whether any additional investigation or action is warranted. § 13.3 Investigations (general). (a) The Administrator may conduct investigations; hold hearings; issue subpoenas; require the production of relevant documents, records, and property; and take evidence and depositions. (b) The Administrator has delegated the authority to conduct investigations to the various services and offices for matters within their respective areas. (c) The Administrator delegates to the Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, and the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement the authority to: (1) Issue orders; (2) Conduct formal investigations; (3) Subpoena witnesses and records in conducting a hearing or investigation; (4) Order depositions and production of records in a proceeding or investigation; and (5) Petition a court of the United States to enforce a subpoena or order described in paragraphs (c)(3) and (4) of this section. (d) A complaint against the sponsor, proprietor, or operator of a federally assisted airport involving violations of the legal authorities listed in § 16.1 of this chapter must be filed in accordance with the provisions of part 16 of this chapter. § 13.5 Formal complaints. (a) Any person may file a complaint with the Administrator with respect to a violation by a person of any requirement under 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII, 49 U.S.C. chapter 51, or any rule, regulation, or order issued under those statutes, as to matters within the jurisdiction of the Administrator. This section does not apply to complaints against the Administrator or employees of the FAA acting within the scope of their employment. (b) Complaints filed under this section must— (1) Be submitted in writing and identified as a complaint seeking an appropriate order or other enforcement action; (2) Be submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration, Office of the Chief Counsel, Attention: Formal Complaint Clerk (AGC-300), 800 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20591; (3) Set forth the name and address, if known, of each person who is the subject of the complaint and, with respect to each person, the specific provisions of the statute, rule, regulation, or order that the complainant believes were violated; (4) Contain a concise but complete statement of the facts relied upon to substantiate each allegation; (5) State the name, address, telephone number, and email of the person filing the complaint; and (6) Be signed by the person filing the complaint or an authorized representative. (c) A complaint that does not meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section will be considered a report under § 13.2. (d) The FAA will send a copy of a complaint that meets the requirements of paragraph (b) of this section to the subject(s) of the complaint by certified mail. (e) A subject of the complaint may serve a written answer to the complaint to the Formal Complaint Clerk at the address specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section no later than 20 days after service of a copy of the complaint. For purposes of this paragraph (e), the date of service is the date on which the FAA mailed a copy of the complaint to the subject of the complaint. (f) After the subject(s) of the complaint have served a written answer or after the allotted time to serve an answer has expired, the Administrator will determine if there are reasonable grounds for investigating the complaint, and— (1) If the Administrator determines that a complaint does not state facts that warrant an investigation or action, the complaint may be dismissed without a hearing and the reason for the dismissal will be given, in writing, to the person who filed the complaint and the subject(s) of the complaint; or (2) If the Administrator determines that reasonable grounds exist, an informal investigation may be initiated or an order of investigation may be issued in accordance with subpart F of this part, or both. The subject(s) of a complaint will be advised which official has been delegated the responsibility under § 13.3(b) or (c), as applicable, for conducting the investigation. (g) If the investigation substantiates the allegations set forth in the complaint, the Administrator may take action in accordance with applicable law and FAA policy. (h) The complaint and other records relating to the disposition of the complaint are maintained in the Formal Complaint Docket (AGC-300), Office of the Chief Counsel, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20591. Any interested person may examine any docketed material at that office at any time after the docket is established, except material that is required to be withheld from the public under applicable law, and may obtain a copy upon paying the cost of the copy. § 13.7 Records, documents, and reports. Each record, document, and report that FAA regulations require to be maintained, exhibited, or submitted to the Administrator may be used in any investigation conducted by the Administrator; and, except to the extent the use may be specifically limited or prohibited by the section which imposes the requirement, the records, documents, and reports may be used in any civil penalty action, certificate action, or other legal proceeding. Subpart B—Administrative Actions Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54527, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.11 Administrative disposition of certain violations. (a) If, after an investigation, FAA personnel determine that an apparent violation of 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII, 49 U.S.C. chapter 51, or any rule, regulation, or order issued under those statutes, does not require legal enforcement action, an appropriate FAA official may take administrative action to address the apparent violation. (b) An administrative action under this section does not constitute a formal adjudication of the matter, and may take the form of— (1) A Warning Notice that recites available facts and information about the incident or condition and indicates that it may have been a violation; or (2) A Letter of Correction that states the corrective action the apparent violator has taken or agrees to take. If the apparent violator does not complete the agreed corrective action, the FAA may take legal enforcement action. Subpart C—Legal Enforcement Actions Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54527, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.13 Consent orders. (a) The Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, and the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement may issue a consent order to resolve any matter with a person that may be subject to legal enforcement action. (b) A person that may be subject to legal enforcement action may propose a consent order. The proposed consent order must include— (1) An admission of all jurisdictional facts; (2) An express waiver of the right to further procedural steps and of all rights to legal review in any forum; (3) An express waiver of attorney's fees and costs; (4) If a notice or order has been issued prior to the proposed consent order, an incorporation by reference of the notice or order and an acknowledgment that the notice or order may be used to construe the terms of the consent order; and (5) If a request for hearing or appeal is pending in any forum, a provision that the person will withdraw the request for hearing or notice of appeal. § 13.14 [Reserved] § 13.15 Civil penalties: Other than by administrative assessment. (a) The FAA uses the procedures in this section when it seeks a civil penalty other than by the administrative assessment procedures in § 13.16 or § 13.18. (b) The authority of the Administrator to seek a civil penalty, and the ability to refer cases to the United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, for prosecution of civil penalty actions sought by the Administrator is delegated to the Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, and the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement. This delegation applies to cases involving one or more of the following: (1) An amount in controversy in excess of: (i) $400,000, if the violation was committed by a person other than an individual or small business concern; or (ii) $50,000, if the violation was committed by an individual or small business concern. (2) An in rem action, seizure of aircraft subject to lien, suit for injunctive relief, or for collection of an assessed civil penalty. (c) The Administrator may compromise any civil penalty proposed under this section, before referral to the United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, for prosecution. (1) The Administrator, through the Chief Counsel, a Deputy Chief Counsel, or the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement sends a civil penalty letter to the person charged with a violation. The civil penalty letter contains a statement of the charges; the applicable law, rule, regulation, or order; and the amount of civil penalty that the Administrator will accept in full settlement of the action or an offer to compromise the civil penalty. (2) Not later than 30 days after receipt of the civil penalty letter, the person cited with an alleged violation may respond to the civil penalty letter by— (i) Submitting electronic payment, a certified check, or money order in the amount offered by the Administrator in the civil penalty letter. The agency attorney will send a letter to the person charged with the violation stating that payment is accepted in full settlement of the civil penalty action; or (ii) Submitting one of the following to the agency attorney: (A) Written material or information that may explain, mitigate, or deny the violation or that may show extenuating circumstances; or (B) A written request for an informal conference to discuss the matter with the agency attorney and to submit any relevant information or documents that may explain, mitigate, or deny the violation; or that may show extenuating circumstances. (3) The documents, material, or information submitted under paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section may include support for any claim of inability to pay the civil penalty in whole or in part, or for any claim of small business status as defined in 49 U.S.C. 46301(i). (4) The Administrator will consider any material or information submitted under paragraph (c)(2)(ii) of this section to determine whether the person is subject to a civil penalty or to determine the amount for which the Administrator will compromise the action. (5) If the parties cannot agree to compromise the civil penalty, the Administrator may refer the civil penalty action to the United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, to begin proceedings in a U.S. district court to prosecute and collect a civil penalty. § 13.16 Civil penalties: Administrative assessment against a person other than an individual acting as a pilot, flight engineer, mechanic, or repairman; administrative assessment against all persons for hazardous materials violations. (a) General. (b) District court jurisdiction. (1) The amount in controversy is more than $400,000 for a violation committed by a person other than an individual or small business concern; (2) The amount in controversy is more than $50,000 for a violation committed by an individual or a small business concern; (3) The action is in rem or another action in rem based on the same violation has been brought; (4) The action involves an aircraft subject to a lien that has been seized by the Government; or (5) Another action has been brought for an injunction based on the same violation. (c) Hazardous materials violations. (1) The nature, circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation; (2) With respect to the violator, the degree of culpability, any history of prior violations, the ability to pay, and any effect on the ability to continue to do business; and (3) Other matters that justice requires. (d) Delegation of authority. (1) Under 49 U.S.C. 46301(d), 47531, and 5123, and 49 CFR 1.83, to initiate and assess civil penalties for a violation of those statutes or a rule, regulation, or order issued under those provisions; (2) Under 49 U.S.C. 5123, 49 CFR 1.83, 49 U.S.C. 46301(d), and 49 U.S.C. 46305, to refer cases to the Attorney General of the United States or a delegate of the Attorney General for collection of civil penalties; (3) Under 49 U.S.C. 46301(f), to compromise the amount of a civil penalty imposed; and (4) Under 49 U.S.C. 5123(e) and (f) and 49 CFR 1.83, to compromise the amount of a civil penalty imposed. (e) Order assessing civil penalty. (i) A person charged with a violation agrees to pay a civil penalty for a violation; or (ii) A person charged with a violation does not request a hearing under paragraph (g)(2)(ii) of this section within 15 days after receipt of a final notice of proposed civil penalty. (2) The following also serve as an order assessing civil penalty: (i) An initial decision or order issued by an administrative law judge as described in § 13.232(e). (ii) A decision or order issued by the FAA decisionmaker as described in § 13.233(j). (f) Notice of proposed civil penalty. (1) Submit the amount of the proposed civil penalty or an agreed-upon amount, in which case either an order assessing civil penalty or compromise order under paragraph (n) of this section may be issued in that amount; (2) Submit to the agency attorney one of the following: (i) Written information, including documents and witness statements, demonstrating that a violation of the regulations did not occur or that a penalty or the amount of the penalty is not warranted by the circumstances. (ii) A written request to reduce the proposed civil penalty, stating the amount of reduction and the reasons and providing any documents supporting a reduction of the proposed civil penalty, including records indicating a financial inability to pay or records showing that payment of the proposed civil penalty would prevent the person from continuing in business. (iii) A written request for an informal conference to discuss the matter with the agency attorney and to submit relevant information or documents; or (3) Request a hearing conducted in accordance with subpart G of this part. (g) Final notice of proposed civil penalty. (1) A final notice of proposed civil penalty may be issued— (i) If the person charged with a violation fails to respond to the notice of proposed civil penalty within 30 days after receipt of that notice; or (ii) If the parties participated in any procedures under paragraph (f)(2) of this section and the parties have not agreed to compromise the action or the agency attorney has not agreed to withdraw the notice of proposed civil penalty. (2) Not later than 15 days after receipt of the final notice of proposed civil penalty, the person charged with a violation may do one of the following: (i) Submit the amount of the proposed civil penalty or an agreed-upon amount, in which case either an order assessing civil penalty or a compromise order under paragraph (n) of this section may be issued in that amount; or (ii) Request a hearing conducted in accordance with subpart G of this part. (h) Request for a hearing. (i) Hearing. (j) Appeal. (k) Judicial review. (l) Payment. (i) Sending a certified check or money order, payable to the Federal Aviation Administration, to the FAA office identified in the notice of proposed civil penalty, the final notice of proposed civil penalty, or the order assessing civil penalty; or (ii) Making an electronic payment according to the directions specified in the notice of proposed civil penalty, the final notice of proposed civil penalty, or the order assessing civil penalty. (2) The civil penalty must be paid within 30 days after service of the order assessing civil penalty, unless otherwise agreed to by the parties. In cases where a hearing is requested, an appeal to the FAA decisionmaker is filed, or a petition for review of the FAA decisionmaker's decision is filed in a U.S. court of appeals, the civil penalty must be paid within 30 days after all litigation in the matter is completed and the civil penalty is affirmed in whole or in part. (m) Collection of civil penalties. (n) Compromise. (1) When a civil penalty is compromised with a finding of violation, an agency attorney issues an order assessing civil penalty. (2) When a civil penalty is compromised without a finding of violation, the agency attorney issues a compromise order that states the following: (i) The person has paid a civil penalty or has signed a promissory note providing for installment payments. (ii) The FAA makes no finding of a violation. (iii) The compromise order will not be used as evidence of a prior violation in any subsequent civil penalty proceeding or certificate action proceeding. § 13.17 Seizure of aircraft. (a) The Chief Counsel, or a Regional Administrator for an aircraft within the region, may issue an order authorizing a State or Federal law enforcement officer or a Federal Aviation Administration safety inspector to seize an aircraft that is involved in a violation for which a civil penalty may be imposed on its owner or the individual commanding the aircraft. (b) Each person seizing an aircraft under this section places it in the nearest available and adequate public storage facility in the judicial district in which it was seized. (c) The Regional Administrator or Chief Counsel, without delay, sends a written notice and a copy of this section to the registered owner of the seized aircraft and to each other person shown by FAA records to have an interest in it, stating the— (1) Time, date, and place of seizure; (2) Name and address of the custodian of the aircraft; (3) Reasons for the seizure, including the violations alleged or proven to have been committed; and (4) Amount that may be tendered as— (i) A compromise of a civil penalty for the alleged violation; or (ii) Payment for a civil penalty imposed for a proven violation. (d) The Chief Counsel or Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement immediately sends a report to the United States Attorney for the judicial district in which it was seized, requesting the United States Attorney to institute proceedings to enforce a lien against the aircraft. (e) The Regional Administrator or Chief Counsel directs the release of a seized aircraft when— (1) The alleged violator pays a civil penalty or an amount agreed upon in compromise, and the costs of seizing, storing, and maintaining the aircraft; (2) The aircraft is seized under an order of a court of the United States in proceedings in rem initiated under 49 U.S.C. 46305 to enforce a lien against the aircraft; (3) The United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, notifies the FAA that the United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, refuses to institute proceedings in rem under 49 U.S.C. 46305 to enforce a lien against the aircraft; or (4) A bond in the amount and with the sureties prescribed by the Chief Counsel or the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement is deposited, conditioned on payment of the penalty or the compromise amount, and the costs of seizing, storing, and maintaining the aircraft. § 13.18 Civil penalties: Administrative assessment against an individual acting as a pilot, flight engineer, mechanic, or repairman. (a) General. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the U.S. district courts have exclusive jurisdiction of any civil penalty action involving an individual acting as a pilot, flight engineer, mechanic, or repairman for violations described in paragraph (a)(1), or under 49 U.S.C. 46301(d)(4), if: (i) The amount in controversy is more than $50,000; (ii) The action involves an aircraft subject to a lien that has been seized by the government; or (iii) Another action has been brought for an injunction based on the same violation. (b) Definitions. (1) Flight engineer (2) Individual acting as a pilot, flight engineer, mechanic, or repairman (3) Mechanic (4) Pilot (5) Repairman (c) Delegation of authority. (1) To initiate and assess civil penalties under 49 U.S.C. 46301(d)(5); (2) To refer cases to the Attorney General of the United States, or the delegate of the Attorney General, for collection of civil penalties; and (3) To compromise the amount of a civil penalty under 49 U.S.C. 46301(f). (d) Notice of proposed assessment. (1) Submit the amount of the proposed civil penalty or an agreed-upon amount, in which case either an order of assessment or a compromise order will be issued in that amount. (2) Answer the charges in writing by submitting information, including documents and witness statements, demonstrating that a violation of the regulations did not occur or that a penalty, or the amount of the penalty, is not warranted by the circumstances. (3) Submit a written request to reduce the proposed civil penalty, stating the amount of reduction and the reasons, and providing any documents supporting a reduction of the proposed civil penalty, including records indicating a financial inability to pay. (4) Submit a written request for an informal conference to discuss the matter with an agency attorney and submit relevant information or documents. (5) Request that an order of assessment be issued so that the individual charged may appeal to the National Transportation Safety Board. (e) Failure to respond to notice of proposed assessment. (f) Order of assessment. (g) Appeal. (h) Judicial review. (i) Compromise. (1) When a civil penalty is compromised with a finding of violation, an agency attorney issues an order of assessment. (2) When a civil penalty is compromised without a finding of violation, the agency attorney issues a compromise order of assessment that states the following: (i) The individual has paid a civil penalty or has signed a promissory note providing for installment payments; (ii) The FAA makes no finding of violation; and (iii) The compromise order will not be used as evidence of a prior violation in any subsequent civil penalty proceeding or certificate action proceeding. (j) Payment. (i) Sending a certified check or money order, payable to the Federal Aviation Administration, to the FAA office identified in the order of assessment; or (ii) Making an electronic payment according to the directions specified in the order of assessment. (2) The civil penalty must be paid within 30 days after service of the order of assessment, unless an appeal is filed with the National Transportation Safety Board. In cases where an appeal is filed with the National Transportation Safety Board, or a petition for review is filed with a U.S. court of appeals, the civil penalty must be paid within 30 days after all litigation in the matter is completed and the civil penalty is affirmed in whole or in part. (k) Collection of civil penalties. § 13.19 Certificate actions appealable to the National Transportation Safety Board. (a) This section applies to certificate actions by the Administrator that are appealable to the National Transportation Safety Board. (1) Under 49 U.S.C. 44709(b) the Administrator may issue an order amending, modifying, suspending, or revoking all or part of any type certificate, production certificate, airworthiness certificate, airman certificate, air carrier operating certificate, air navigation facility certificate, or air agency certificate if as a result of a reinspection, reexamination, or other investigation, the Administrator determines that the public interest and safety in air commerce requires it, if a certificate holder has violated an aircraft noise or sonic boom standard or regulation prescribed under 49 U.S.C. 44715(a), or if the holder of the certificate is convicted of violating 16 U.S.C. 742j-1(a). (2) The authority of the Administrator to issue orders under 49 U.S.C. 44709(b)(1)(A) and (b)(2) is delegated to the Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, and the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement. (b) The agency attorney will issue a notice before issuing a non-immediately effective order to amend, modify, suspend, or revoke a type certificate, production certificate, airworthiness certificate, airman certificate, air carrier operating certificate, air navigation facility certificate, air agency certificate, or to revoke an aircraft certificate of registration because the aircraft was used to carry out or facilitate an activity punishable under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance), by death or imprisonment for more than one year, and the owner of the aircraft permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity. (1) A notice of proposed certificate action will advise the certificate holder or aircraft owner of the charges or other reasons upon which the Administrator bases the proposed action, and allows the holder to answer any charges and to be heard as to why the certificate should not be amended, suspended, modified, or revoked. (2) In response to a notice of proposed certificate action described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the certificate holder or aircraft owner, within 15 days of the date of receipt of the notice, may— (i) Surrender the certificate and waive any right to contest or appeal the charged violations and sanction, in which case the Administrator will issue an order; (ii) Answer the charges in writing by submitting information, including documents and witness statements, demonstrating that a violation of the regulations did not occur or that the proposed sanction is not warranted by the circumstances; (iii) Submit a written request for an informal conference to discuss the matter with an agency attorney and submit relevant information or documents; or (iv) Request that an order be issued in accordance with the notice of proposed certificate action so that the certificate holder or aircraft owner may appeal to the National Transportation Safety Board. (c) In the case of an emergency order amending, modifying, suspending, or revoking a type certificate, production certificate, airworthiness certificate, airman certificate, air carrier operating certificate, air navigation facility certificate, or air agency certificate, a person affected by the immediate effectiveness of the Administrator's order may petition the National Transportation Safety Board for a review of the Administrator's determination that an emergency exists. (d) A person may not petition the National Transportation Safety Board for a review of the Administrator's determination that safety in air transportation or air commerce requires the immediate effectiveness of an order where the action is based on the circumstances described in paragraph (d)(1), (2), or (3) of this section. (1) The revocation of an individual's airman certificates for the reasons stated in paragraph (d)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section: (i) A conviction under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance), of an offense punishable by death or imprisonment for more than one year if the Administrator finds that— (A) An aircraft was used to commit, or facilitate the commission of the offense; and (B) The individual served as an airman, or was on the aircraft, in connection with committing, or facilitating the commission of, the offense. (ii) Knowingly carrying out an activity punishable, under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance), by death or imprisonment for more than one year; and— (A) An aircraft was used to carry out or facilitate the activity; and (B) The individual served as an airman, or was on the aircraft, in connection with carrying out, or facilitating the carrying out of, the activity. (2) The revocation of a certificate of registration for an aircraft, and any other aircraft the owner of that aircraft holds, if the Administrator finds that— (i) The aircraft was used to carry out or facilitate an activity punishable, under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance), by death or imprisonment for more than one year; and (ii) The owner of the aircraft permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity described in paragraph (d)(2)(i) of this section. (3) The revocation of an airman certificate, design organization certificate, type certificate, production certificate, airworthiness certificate, air carrier operating certificate, airport operating certificate, air agency certificate, or air navigation facility certificate if the Administrator finds that the holder of the certificate or an individual who has a controlling or ownership interest in the holder— (i) Was convicted in a court of law of a violation of a law of the United States relating to the installation, production, repair, or sale of a counterfeit or fraudulently-represented aviation part or material; or (ii) Knowingly, and with the intent to defraud, carried out or facilitated an activity described in paragraph (d)(3)(i) of this section. [Docket FAA-2018-1051, Amdt. 13-40, 86 FR 54527, Oct. 1, 2021, as amended by Docket FAA-2018-1051, Amdt. 13-40A, 87 FR 61233, Oct. 11, 2022] § 13.20 Orders of compliance, cease and desist orders, orders of denial, and other orders. (a) General. (1) Orders of compliance; (2) Cease and desist orders; (3) Orders of denial; (4) Orders suspending or revoking a certificate of registration (but not revocation of a certificate of registration because the aircraft was used to carry out or facilitate an activity punishable, under a law of the United States or a State related to a controlled substance (except a law related to simple possession of a controlled substance), by death or imprisonment for more than one year and the owner of the aircraft permitted the use of the aircraft knowing that the aircraft was to be used for the activity); and (5) Other orders issued by the Administrator to carry out the provisions of the Federal aviation statute codified at 49 U.S.C. subtitle VII that apply this section by statute, rule, regulation, or order, or for which there is no specific administrative process provided by statute, rule, regulation, or order. (b) Applicability of procedures. (2) If the Administrator is of the opinion that an emergency exists related to safety in air commerce and requires immediate action and issues an order covered by this section that is immediately effective, the provisions of paragraph (d) of this section apply. (c) Non-emergency procedures. (i) Submit a written reply; (ii) Agree to the issuance of the order as proposed in the notice of proposed action, waiving any right to contest or appeal the agreed-upon order issued under this option in any administrative or judicial forum; (iii) Submit a written request for an informal conference to discuss the matter with an agency attorney; or (iv) Request a hearing in accordance with the non-emergency procedures of subpart D of this part. (2) After an informal conference is held or a reply is filed, if the agency attorney notifies the person that some or all of the proposed agency action will not be withdrawn, the person may, within 10 days after receiving the agency attorney's notification, request a hearing on the parts of the proposed agency action not withdrawn, in accordance with the non-emergency procedures of subpart D of this part. (3) If a hearing is requested in accordance with paragraph (c)(1)(iv) or (c)(2) of this section, the non-emergency procedures of subpart D of this part apply. (4) Failure to request a hearing within the periods provided in paragraph (c)(1)(iv) or (c)(2) of this section: (i) Constitutes a waiver of the right to a hearing and appeal; and (ii) Authorizes the agency to make appropriate findings of fact and to issue an appropriate order without further notice or proceedings. (d) Emergency procedures. (i) An immediately effective order that expires 80 days after the date of issuance and sets forth the charges or other reasons upon which the order is based; and (ii) A notice of proposed action that: (A) Sets forth the charges or other reasons upon which the notice of proposed action is based; and (B) Advises that within 10 days after service of the notice, the person may appeal the notice by requesting an expedited hearing in accordance with the emergency procedures of subpart D of this part. (2) The Administrator will serve the immediately effective order and the notice of proposed action together by personal or overnight delivery and by certified or registered mail to the person subject to the order and notice of proposed action. (3) Failure to request a hearing challenging the notice of proposed action under the expedited procedures in subpart D of this part within 10 days after service of the notice: (i) Constitutes a waiver of the right to a hearing and appeal under subpart D of this part; and (ii) Authorizes the Administrator, without further notice or proceedings, to make appropriate findings of fact, issue an immediately effective order without expiration, and withdraw the 80-day immediately effective order. (4) The filing of a request for hearing under subpart D of this part does not stay the effectiveness of the 80-day immediately effective order issued under this section. (e) Delegation of authority. §§ 13.21 -13.29 [Reserved] Subpart D—Rules of Practice for FAA Hearings Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54532, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.31 Applicability. This subpart applies to proceedings in which a hearing has been requested in accordance with § 13.20 or § 13.75. Hearings under this subpart are considered informal and are provided through the Office of Adjudication. § 13.33 Parties, representatives, and notice of appearance. (a) Parties. (1) Complainant is the FAA Office that issued the notice of proposed action under the authorities listed in § 13.31. (2) Respondent is the party filing a request for hearing. (3) Intervenor is a person permitted to participate as a party under § 13.51. (b) Representatives. (c) Notice of appearance Content. (2) Filing. § 13.35 Request for hearing, complaint, and answer. (a) Initial filing and service. (b) Complaint. (c) Answer. § 13.37 Hearing officer: Assignment and powers. As soon as practicable after the filing of the complaint, the Director of the Office of Adjudication will assign a hearing officer to preside over the matter. The hearing officer may— (a) Give notice concerning, and hold, prehearing conferences and hearings; (b) Administer oaths and affirmations; (c) Examine witnesses; (d) Adopt procedures for the submission of evidence in written form; (e) Issue subpoenas; (f) Rule on offers of proof; (g) Receive evidence; (h) Regulate the course of proceedings, including but not limited to discovery, motions practice, imposition of sanctions, and the hearing; (i) Hold conferences, before and during the hearing, to settle and simplify issues by consent of the parties; (j) Dispose of procedural requests and similar matters; (k) Issue protective orders governing the exchange and safekeeping of information otherwise protected by law, except that national security information may not be disclosed under such an order; (l) Issue orders and decisions, and make findings of fact, as appropriate; and (m) Take any other action authorized by this subpart. § 13.39 Disqualification of hearing officer. (a) Motion and supporting affidavit. (b) Timing. (c) Decision on motion for disqualification. (d) Self-disqualification. § 13.41 Separation of functions and prohibition on ex parte communications. (a) Separation of powers. (b) Ex parte communications. (2) A hearing, conference, or other event scheduled with prior notice will not constitute ex parte communication prohibited by this section. A hearing, conference, or other event scheduled with prior notice, may proceed in the hearing officer's sole discretion if a party fails to appear, respond, or otherwise participate, and will not constitute an ex parte communication prohibited by this section. (3) For an appeal to the Administrator under this subpart, FAA attorneys representing the complainant must not advise the Administrator or engage in any ex parte communications with the Administrator or his advisors. § 13.43 Service and filing of pleadings, motions, and documents. (a) General rule. (b) Methods of filing. (c) Address for filing. (1) If delivery is in person, or by expedited or overnight express courier service. (2) If delivery is via U.S. mail, or U.S. certified or registered mail. (3) Contact information. (d) Requirement to file an original document and number of copies. (e) Filing by email. (f) Methods of service General. (2) Service by email. (g) Certificate of service. (h) Date of filing and service. § 13.44 [Reserved] § 13.45 Computation of time and extension of time. (a) In computing any period of time prescribed or allowed by this subpart, the date of the act, event, default, notice, or order is not to be included in the computation. The last day of the period so computed is to be included unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, in which event the period runs until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or a Federal holiday. (b) Whenever a party must respond within a prescribed period after service by mail, 5 days are added to the prescribed period. (c) The parties may agree to extend the time for filing any document required by this subpart with the consent of— (1) The Director of the Office of Adjudication prior to the designation of a hearing officer; (2) The hearing officer prior to the filing of a notice of appeal; or (3) The Director of the Office of Adjudication after the filing of a notice of appeal. (d) If the parties do not agree, a party may make a written request to extend the time for filing to the appropriate official identified in paragraph (c) of this section. The appropriate official may grant the request for good cause shown. § 13.47 Withdrawal or amendment of the complaint, answer, or other filings. (a) Withdrawal. (b) Amendments. § 13.49 Motions. (a) Motions in lieu of an answer. (1) Motion to dismiss. (2) Motion for more definite statement. (b) Motion to dismiss request for hearing. (c) Motion for decision on the pleadings or for summary decision. (d) Motion to strike. (e) Motion to compel. (1) The other party has failed to timely produce the requested discovery; and (2) The moving party certifies it has in good faith conferred with the other party in an attempt to obtain the requested discovery prior to filing the motion to compel. (f) Motion for protective order. (g) Other motions. (h) Responses to motions. § 13.51 Intervention. Any person may move for leave to intervene in a proceeding and may become a party thereto, if the hearing officer, after the case is sent to the hearing officer for hearing, finds that the person may be bound by the order to be issued in the proceedings or has a property or financial interest that may not be adequately represented by existing parties, and that the intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceedings. Except for good cause shown, a motion for leave to intervene may not be considered if it is filed less than 10 days before the hearing. § 13.53 Discovery. (a) Filing. (b) Scope of discovery. (c) Time for response to written discovery requests. (2) Unless otherwise directed by the hearing officer, a party must serve its response to a discovery request no later than 30 days after service of the discovery request. (d) Depositions. (e) Limits on discovery. (1) The discovery requested is cumulative or repetitious; (2) The discovery requested can be obtained from another less burdensome and more convenient source; (3) The party requesting the information has had ample opportunity to obtain the information through other discovery methods permitted under this section; or (4) The method or scope of discovery requested by the party is unduly burdensome or expensive. § 13.55 Notice of hearing. The hearing officer must set a reasonable date, time, and location for the hearing, and must give the parties adequate notice thereof, and of the nature of the hearing. Due regard must be given to the convenience of the parties with respect to the location of the hearing. § 13.57 Subpoenas and witness fees. (a) Application. (1) 15 days before a scheduled deposition under the subpoena; or (2) 30 days before a scheduled hearing where attendance at the hearing is sought. (b) Procedure. (c) Fees. (d) Service of subpoenas. (e) Motion to quash or modify the subpoena. (f) Enforcement of subpoena. § 13.59 Evidence. (a) Each party to a hearing may present the party's case or defense by oral or documentary evidence, submit evidence in rebuttal, and conduct such cross-examination as may be needed for a full disclosure of the facts. (b) Except with respect to affirmative defenses and notices of proposed denial, the burden of proof is upon the complainant. § 13.61 Argument and submittals. The hearing officer must give the parties adequate opportunity to present arguments in support of motions, objections, and the final order. The hearing officer may determine whether arguments are to be oral or written. At the end of the hearing, the hearing officer may allow each party to submit written proposed findings and conclusions and supporting reasons for them. § 13.63 Record, decision, and aircraft registration proceedings. (a) The record. (2) On appeal to the Administrator, the record shall include all of the information identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section and evidence proffered but not admitted at the hearing. (3) Any party may obtain a transcript of the hearing from the official reporter upon payment of the required fees. (b) Hearing officer's decision. (c) Certain aircraft registration proceedings. § 13.65 Appeal to the Administrator, reconsideration, and judicial review. (a) Any party to a hearing may appeal from the order of the hearing officer by filing with the FAA Hearing Docket a notice of appeal to the Administrator within 20 days after the date of issuance of the order. Filing and service of the notice of appeal, and any other papers, are accomplished according to the procedures in § 13.43. (b) If a notice of appeal is not filed from the order issued by a hearing officer, such order is final with respect to the parties. Such order is not binding precedent and is not subject to judicial review. (c) Any person filing an appeal authorized by paragraph (a) of this section must file an appeal brief with the Administrator within 40 days after the date of issuance of the order, and serve a copy on the other party. A reply brief must be filed within 40 days after service of the appeal brief and a copy served on the appellant. (d) On appeal, the Administrator reviews the record of the proceeding and issues an order dismissing, reversing, modifying or affirming the order. The Administrator's order includes the reasons for the Administrator's action. The Administrator considers only whether: (1) Each finding of fact is supported by a preponderance of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence; (2) Each conclusion is made in accordance with law, precedent, and policy; and (3) The hearing officer committed any prejudicial error. (e) The Director and legal personnel of the Office of Adjudication serve as the advisors to the Administrator for appeals under this section. (1) The Director has the authority to: (i) Manage all or portions of individual appeals; and to prepare written decisions and proposed final orders in such appeals; (ii) Issue procedural and other interlocutory orders aimed at proper and efficient appeal management, including, without limitation, scheduling and sanctions orders; (iii) Grant or deny motions to dismiss appeals; (iv) Dismiss appeals upon request of the appellant or by agreement of the parties; (v) Stay decisions and orders of the Administrator, pending judicial review or reconsideration by the Administrator; (vi) Summarily dismiss repetitious or frivolous petitions to reconsider or modify orders; (vii) Correct typographical, grammatical, and similar errors in the Administrator's decisions and orders, and to make non-substantive editorial changes; and (viii) Take all other reasonable steps deemed necessary and proper for the management of the appeals process, in accordance with this part and applicable law. (2) The Director's authority in paragraph (e)(1) of this section may be re-delegated, as necessary, except to hearing officers and others materially involved in the hearing that is the subject of the appeal. (f) Motions to reconsider the final order of the Administrator must be filed with the FAA Hearing Docket within thirty days of service of the Administrator's order. (g) Judicial review of the Administrator's final order under this section is provided in accordance with 49 U.S.C. 5127 or 46110, as applicable. § 13.67 Procedures for expedited proceedings. (a) When an expedited administrative hearing is requested in accordance with § 13.20(d), the procedures in this subpart will apply except as provided in paragraphs (a)(1) through (7) of this section. (1) Service and filing of pleadings, motions, and documents must be by overnight delivery, and fax or email. Responses to motions must be filed within 7 days after service of the motion. (2) Within 3 days after receipt of the request for hearing, the agency must file a copy of the notice of proposed action, which serves as the complaint, to the FAA Hearing Docket. (3) Within 3 days after receipt of the complaint, the person that requested the hearing must file an answer to the complaint. All allegations in the complaint not specifically denied in the answer are deemed admitted. Failure to file a timely answer, absent a showing of good cause, constitutes withdrawal of the request for hearing. (4) Within 3 days of the filing of the complaint, the Director of the Office of Adjudication will assign a hearing officer to preside over the matter. (5) The parties must serve discovery as soon as possible and set time limits for compliance with discovery requests that accommodate the accelerated adjudication schedule set forth in this subpart. The hearing officer will resolve any failure of the parties to agree to a discovery schedule. (6) The expedited hearing must commence within 40 days after the notice of proposed action was issued. (7) The hearing officer must issue an oral decision and order dismissing, reversing, modifying, or affirming the notice of proposed action at the close of the hearing. If a notice of appeal is not filed, such order is final with respect to the parties and is not subject to judicial review. (b) Any party to the expedited hearing may appeal from the initial decision of the hearing officer to the Administrator by filing a notice of appeal within 3 days after the date on which the decision was issued. The time limitations for the filing of documents for appeals under this section will not be extended by reason of the unavailability of the hearing transcript. (1) Any appeal to the Administrator under this section must be perfected within 7 days after the date the notice of appeal was filed by filing a brief in support of the appeal. Any reply to the appeal brief must be filed within 7 days after the date the appeal brief was served on that party. The Administrator must issue an order deciding the appeal no later than 80 days after the date the notice of proposed action was issued. (2) The Administrator's order is immediately effective and constitutes the final agency decision. The Administrator's order may be appealed pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 46110. The filing of an appeal under 49 U.S.C. 46110 does not stay the effectiveness of the Administrator's order. (c) At any time after an immediately effective order is issued, the FAA may request the United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, to bring an action for appropriate relief. § 13.69 Other matters: Alternative dispute resolution, standing orders, and forms. (a) Parties may use mediation to achieve resolution of issues in controversy addressed by this subpart. Parties seeking alternative dispute resolution services may engage the services of a mutually acceptable mediator. The mediator must not participate in the adjudication under this subpart of any matter in which the mediator has provided mediation services. Mediation discussions and submissions will remain confidential consistent with the provisions of the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act, the principles of Federal Rule of Evidence 408, and other applicable Federal laws. (b) The Director of the Office of Adjudication may issue standing orders and forms needed for the proper dispatch of business under this subpart. Subpart E—Orders of Compliance Under the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54536, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.70 Delegation of authority. The authority of the Administrator under 49 U.S.C. 5121(a) and (d) is delegated to the Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, and the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement. [Docket FAA-2018-1051, Amdt. 13-40A, 87 FR 61233, Oct. 11, 2022] § 13.71 Applicability. (a) An order of compliance may be issued after notice and an opportunity for a hearing in accordance with §§ 13.73 through 13.77 whenever the Chief Counsel, a Deputy Chief Counsel, or the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement has reason to believe that a person is engaging in the transportation or shipment by air of hazardous materials in violation of the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, as amended and codified at 49 U.S.C. chapter 51, or any rule, regulation, or order issued under 49 U.S.C. chapter 51, for which the FAA exercises enforcement responsibility, and the circumstances do not require the issuance of an emergency order under 49 U.S.C. 5121(d). (b) If circumstances require the issuance of an emergency order under 49 U.S.C. 5121(d), the Chief Counsel, a Deputy Chief Counsel, or the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement will issue an emergency order of compliance as described in § 13.81. § 13.73 Notice of proposed order of compliance. The Chief Counsel, a Deputy Chief Counsel, or the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement may issue to an alleged violator a notice of proposed order of compliance advising the alleged violator of the charges and setting forth the remedial action sought in the form of a proposed order of compliance. § 13.75 Reply or request for hearing. (a) Within 30 days after service upon the alleged violator of a notice of proposed order of compliance, the alleged violator may— (1) Submit a written reply; (2) Submit a written request for an informal conference to discuss the matter with an agency attorney; or (3) Request a hearing in accordance with subpart D of this part. (b) If, after an informal conference is held or a reply is filed, the agency attorney notifies the person named in the notice that some or all of the proposed agency action will not be withdrawn or will not be subject to a consent order of compliance, the alleged violator may, within 10 days after receiving the agency attorney's notification, request a hearing in accordance with subpart D of this part. (c) Failure of the alleged violator to file a reply or request a hearing within the period provided in paragraph (a) or (b) of this section, as applicable— (1) Constitutes a waiver of the right to a hearing under subpart D of this part and the right to petition for judicial review; and (2) Authorizes the Administrator to make any appropriate findings of fact and to issue an appropriate order of compliance, without further notice or proceedings. § 13.77 Consent order of compliance. (a) At any time before the issuance of an order of compliance, an agency attorney and the alleged violator may agree to dispose of the case by the issuance of a consent order of compliance. (b) The alleged violator may submit a proposed consent order to an agency attorney. The proposed consent order must include— (1) An admission of all jurisdictional facts; (2) An express waiver of the right to further procedural steps and of all rights to legal review in any forum; (3) An express waiver of attorney's fees and costs; (4) If a notice has been issued prior to the proposed consent order of compliance, an incorporation by reference of the notice and an acknowledgement that the notice may be used to construe the terms of the consent order of compliance; and (5) If a request for hearing is pending in any forum, a provision that the alleged violator will withdraw the request for a hearing and request that the case be dismissed. § 13.79 [Reserved] § 13.81 Emergency orders. (a) Notwithstanding §§ 13.73 through 13.77, the Chief Counsel, each Deputy Chief Counsel, or the Assistant Chief Counsel for Enforcement may issue an emergency order of compliance, which is effective upon issuance, in accordance with the procedures in subpart C of 49 CFR part 109, if the person who issues the order finds that there is an “imminent hazard” as defined in 49 CFR 109.1. (b) The FAA official who issued the emergency order of compliance may rescind or suspend the order if the criteria set forth in paragraph (a) of this section are no longer satisfied, and, when appropriate, may issue a notice of proposed order of compliance under § 13.73. (c) If at any time in the course of a proceeding commenced in accordance with § 13.73 the criteria set forth in paragraph (a) of this section are satisfied, the official who issued the notice may issue an emergency order of compliance, even if the period for filing a reply or requesting a hearing specified in § 13.75 has not expired. 13.83-13.87 [Reserved] Subpart F—Formal Fact-Finding Investigation Under an Order of Investigation Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54536, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.101 Applicability. (a) This subpart applies to fact-finding investigations in which an investigation has been ordered under § 13.3(c) or § 13.5(f)(2). (b) This subpart does not limit the authority of any person to issue subpoenas, administer oaths, examine witnesses, and receive evidence in any informal investigation as otherwise provided by law. § 13.103 Order of investigation. The order of investigation— (a) Defines the scope of the investigation by describing the information sought in terms of its subject matter or its relevancy to specified FAA functions; (b) Sets forth the form of the investigation which may be either by individual deposition or investigative proceeding or both; and (c) Names the official who is authorized to conduct the investigation and serve as the presiding officer. § 13.105 Notification. Any person under investigation and any person required to testify and produce documentary or physical evidence during the investigation will be advised of the purpose of the investigation, and of the place where the investigative proceeding or deposition will be convened. This may be accomplished by a notice of investigation or by a subpoena. A copy of the order of investigation may be sent to such persons when appropriate. § 13.107 Designation of additional parties. (a) The presiding officer may designate additional persons as parties to the investigation, if in the discretion of the presiding officer, it will aid in the conduct of the investigation. (b) The presiding officer may designate any person as a party to the investigation if— (1) The person petitions the presiding officer to participate as a party; (2) The disposition of the investigation may as a practical matter impair the ability to protect the person's interest unless allowed to participate as a party; and (3) The person's interest is not adequately represented by existing parties. § 13.109 Convening the investigation. The presiding officer will conduct the investigation at a location convenient to the parties involved and as expeditious and efficient as handling of the investigation permits. § 13.111 Subpoenas. (a) At the discretion of the presiding officer, or at the request of a party to the investigation, the presiding officer may issue a subpoena directing any person to appear at a designated time and place to testify or to produce documentary or physical evidence relating to any matter under investigation. (b) Subpoenas must be served by personal service on the person or an agent designated in writing for the purpose, or by registered or certified mail addressed to the person or agent. Whenever service is made by registered or certified mail, the date of mailing will be considered the time when service is made. (c) Subpoenas extend in jurisdiction throughout the United States and any territory or possession thereof. § 13.113 Noncompliance with the investigative process. (a) If a person disobeys a subpoena, the Administrator or a party to the investigation may petition a court of the United States to enforce the subpoena in accordance with applicable statutes. (b) If a party to the investigation fails to comply with the provisions of this subpart or an order issued by the presiding officer, the Administrator may bring a civil action to enforce the requirements of this subpart or any order issued under this subpart in a court of the United States in accordance with applicable statutes. § 13.115 Public proceedings. (a) All investigative proceedings and depositions must be public unless the presiding officer determines that the public interest requires otherwise. (b) The presiding officer may order information contained in any report or document filed or in any testimony given pursuant to this subpart withheld from public disclosure when, in the judgment of the presiding officer, disclosure would adversely affect the interests of any person and is not required in the public interest or is not otherwise required by statute to be made available to the public. Any person may make written objection to the public disclosure of information, stating the grounds for such objection. § 13.117 Conduct of investigative proceeding or deposition. (a) The presiding officer may question witnesses. (b) Any witness may be accompanied by counsel. (c) Any party may be accompanied by counsel and either the party or counsel may— (1) Question witnesses, provided the questions are relevant and material to the matters under investigation and would not unduly impede the progress of the investigation; and (2) Make objections on the record and argue the basis for such objections. (d) Copies of all notices or written communications sent to a party or witness must, upon request, be sent to that person's attorney of record. § 13.119 Immunity and orders requiring testimony or other information. (a) Whenever a person refuses, on the basis of a privilege against self-incrimination, to testify or provide other information during the course of any investigation conducted under this subpart, the presiding officer may, with the approval of the United States Attorney General, or the delegate of the Attorney General, issue an order requiring the person to give testimony or provide other information. However, no testimony or other information so compelled (or any information directly or indirectly derived from such testimony or other information) may be used against the person in any criminal case, except in a prosecution for perjury, giving a false statement, or otherwise failing to comply with the order. (b) The presiding officer may issue an order under this section if— (1) The testimony or other information from the witness may be necessary to the public interest; and (2) The witness has refused or is likely to refuse to testify or provide other information on the basis of a privilege against self-incrimination. (c) Immunity provided by this section will not become effective until the person has refused to testify or provide other information on the basis of a privilege against self-incrimination, and an order under this section has been issued. An order, however, may be issued prospectively to become effective in the event of a claim of the privilege. § 13.121 Witness fees. All witnesses appearing, other than employees of the Federal Aviation Administration, are entitled to the same fees and allowances as provided for under 28 U.S.C. 1821. § 13.123 Submission by party to the investigation. (a) During an investigation conducted under this subpart, a party may submit to the presiding officer— (1) A list of witnesses to be called, specifying the subject matter of the expected testimony of each witness; and (2) A list of exhibits to be considered for inclusion in the record. (b) If the presiding officer determines that the testimony of a witness or the receipt of an exhibit in accordance with paragraph (a) of this section will be relevant, competent, and material to the investigation, the presiding officer may subpoena the witness or use the exhibit during the investigation. § 13.125 Depositions. Depositions for investigative purposes may be taken at the discretion of the presiding officer with reasonable notice to the party under investigation. Depositions must be taken before the presiding officer or other person authorized to administer oaths and designated by the presiding officer. The testimony must be reduced to writing by the person taking the deposition, or under the direction of that person, and where possible must then be subscribed by the deponent. Any person may be compelled to appear and testify and to produce physical and documentary evidence. § 13.127 Reports, decisions, and orders. The presiding officer must issue a written report based on the record developed during the formal investigation, including a summary of principal conclusions. A summary of principal conclusions must be prepared by the official who issued the order of investigation in every case that results in no action, or no action as to a particular party to the investigation. All such reports must be furnished to the parties to the investigation and made available to the public on request. § 13.129 Post-investigation action. A decision on whether to initiate subsequent action must be made on the basis of the record developed during the formal investigation and any other information in the possession of the Administrator. § 13.131 Other procedures. Any question concerning the scope or conduct of a formal investigation not covered in this subpart may be ruled on by the presiding officer on his or her own initiative, or on the motion of a party or a person testifying or producing evidence. Subpart G—Rules of Practice In FAA Civil Penalty Actions Source: Docket No. FAA-2018-1051; Amdt. No. 13-40, 86 FR 54538, Oct. 1, 2021, unless otherwise noted. § 13.201 Applicability. This subpart applies to all civil penalty actions initiated under § 13.16 in which a hearing has been requested. § 13.202 Definitions. For this subpart only, the following definitions apply: Administrative law judge Agency attorney Complaint Complainant FAA decisionmaker Mail Office of Adjudication Order assessing civil penalty Party Personal delivery Pleading Properly addressed Respondent Writing or written § 13.203 Separation of functions. (a) Civil penalty proceedings, including hearings, are prosecuted by an agency attorney. (b) An agency employee who has engaged in the performance of investigative or prosecutorial functions in a civil penalty action must not participate in deciding or advising the administrative law judge or the FAA decisionmaker in that case, or a factually-related case, but may participate as counsel for the complainant or as a witness in the public proceedings. (c) The Chief Counsel and the Director and legal personnel of the Office of Adjudication will advise the FAA decisionmaker regarding any appeal of an initial decision or order in a civil penalty action to the FAA decisionmaker. § 13.204 Appearances and rights of parties. (a) Any party may appear and be heard in person. (b) Any party may be accompanied, represented, or advised by an attorney or representative designated by the party, and may be examined by that attorney or representative in any proceeding governed by this subpart. An attorney or representative who represents a party must file a notice of appearance in the action, in the manner provided in § 13.210, and must serve a copy of the notice of appearance on each party, and on the administrative law judge, if assigned, in the manner provided in § 13.211, before participating in any proceeding governed by this subpart. The attorney or representative must include the name, address, and telephone number, and, if available, fax number and email address, of the attorney or representative in the notice of appearance. (c) Any person may request a copy of a document in the record upon payment of reasonable costs. A person may keep an original document, data, or evidence, with the consent of the administrative law judge, by substituting a legible copy of the document for the record. § 13.205 Administrative law judges. (a) Powers of an administrative law judge. (1) Give notice of, and hold, prehearing conferences and hearings; (2) Administer oaths and affirmations; (3) Issue subpoenas as authorized by law; (4) Rule on offers of proof; (5) Receive relevant and material evidence; (6) Regulate the course of the hearing in accordance with the rules of this subpart; (7) Hold conferences to settle or to simplify the issues by consent of the parties; (8) Dispose of procedural motions and requests; (9) Make findings of fact and conclusions of law, and issue an initial decision; (10) Bar a person from a specific proceeding based on a finding of obstreperous or disruptive behavior in that specific proceeding; and (11) Take any other action authorized by this subpart. (b) Limitations. (c) Disqualification. § 13.206 Intervention. (a) A person may submit a motion for leave to intervene as a party in a civil penalty action. Except for good cause shown, a motion for leave to intervene must be submitted not later than 10 days before the hearing. (b) The administrative law judge may grant a motion for leave to intervene if the administrative law judge finds that intervention will not unduly broaden the issues or delay the proceedings and— (1) The person seeking to intervene will be bound by any order or decision entered in the action; or (2) The person seeking to intervene has a property, financial, or other legitimate interest that may not be addressed adequately by the parties. (c) The administrative law judge may determine the extent to which an intervenor may participate in the proceedings. § 13.207 Certification of documents. (a) Signature required. (b) Effect of signing a document. (1) Consistent with the rules in this subpart; (2) Warranted by existing law or a good faith argument for extension, modification, or reversal of existing law; and (3) Not unreasonable or unduly burdensome or expensive, not made to harass any person, not made to cause unnecessary delay, and not made to cause needless increase in the cost of the proceedings or for any other improper purpose. (c) Sanctions. (1) Strike the pleading signed in violation of this section; (2) Strike the request for discovery or the discovery response signed in violation of this section and preclude further discovery by the party; (3) Deny the motion or request signed in violation of this section; (4) Exclude the document signed in violation of this section from the record; (5) Dismiss the interlocutory appeal and preclude further appeal on that issue by the party who filed the appeal until an initial decision has been entered on the record; or (6) Dismiss the appeal of the administrative law judge's initial decision to the FAA decisionmaker. § 13.208 Complaint. (a) Filing. (b) Service. (c) Contents. (d) Motion to dismiss stale allegations or complaint. (1) An administrative law judge may not grant the motion and dismiss the complaint or part of the complaint if the administrative law judge finds that the agency has shown good cause for any delay in issuing the notice of proposed civil penalty. (2) If the agency fails to show good cause for any delay, an administrative law judge may dismiss the complaint, or that part of the complaint, alleging a violation that occurred more than 2 years before an agency attorney issued the notice of proposed civil penalty to the respondent. (3) A party may appeal the administrative law judge's ruling on the motion to dismiss the complaint or any part of the complaint in accordance with § 13.219(b). § 13.209 Answer. (a) Writing required. (b) Filing. (c) Service. (d) Contents. (e) Specific denial of allegations required. (f) Failure to file answer. § 13.210 Filing of documents. (a) General rule. (b) Methods of filing. (c) Address for filing. (1) If delivery is in person, or by expedited or overnight express courier service. (2) If delivery is via U.S. mail, or U.S. certified or registered mail. (3) If delivery is via email or fax. (d) Date of filing. (e) Form. (f) Contents. (g) Requirement to file an original document and number of copies. (h) Filing by email. § 13.211 Service of documents. (a) General. (b) Service by the FAA Hearing Docket, the administrative law judge, and the FAA decisionmaker. (c) Methods of service General. (2) Service by email. (d) Certificate of service. (e) Date of service. (f) Valid service. (g) Additional time after service by mail. (h) Presumption of service. § 13.212 Computation of time. (a) This section applies to any period of time prescribed or allowed by this subpart, by notice or order of the administrative law judge, or by any applicable statute. (b) The date of an act, event, or default is not included in a computation of time under this subpart. (c) The last day of a time period is included unless it is a Saturday, Sunday, or a Federal holiday. If the last day is a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday, the time period runs until the end of the next day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, or Federal holiday. § 13.213 Extension of time. (a) The parties may agree to extend for a reasonable period the time for filing a document under this subpart. The party seeking the extension of time must submit a draft order to the administrative law judge to be signed by the administrative law judge and filed with the FAA Hearing Docket. The administrative law judge must sign and issue the order if the extension agreed to by the parties is reasonable. (b) A party may file a written motion for an extension of time. A written motion for an extension of time must be filed with the FAA Hearing Docket in accordance with § 13.210. The motion must be filed no later than seven days before the document is due unless good cause for the late filing is shown. The party filing the motion must serve a copy of the motion in accordance with § 13.211. The administrative law judge may grant the extension of time if good cause for the extension is shown. (c) If the administrative law judge fails to rule on a motion for an extension of time by the date the document was due, the motion for an extension of time is deemed granted for no more than 20 days after the original date the document was to be filed. § 13.214 Amendment of pleadings. (a) Filing and service. (b) Time. (2) Less than 15 days before the scheduled date of a hearing, the administrative law judge may allow amendment of a complaint or an answer only for good cause shown in a motion to amend. (c) Responses. § 13.215 Withdrawal of complaint or request for hearing. At any time before or during a hearing, an agency attorney may withdraw a complaint or a party may withdraw a request for a hearing without the consent of the administrative law judge. If an agency attorney withdraws the complaint or a party withdraws the request for a hearing and the answer, the administrative law judge must dismiss the proceedings under this subpart with prejudice. § 13.216 Waivers. Waivers of any rights provided by statute or regulation must be in writing or by stipulation made at a hearing and entered into the record. The parties must set forth the precise terms of the waiver and any conditions. § 13.217 Joint procedural or discovery schedule. (a) General. (b) Form and content of schedule. (1) The joint schedule may include, but need not be limited to, requests for discovery, objections to discovery requests, responses to discovery requests to which there are no objections, submission of prehearing motions, responses to prehearing motions, exchange of exhibits to be introduced at the hearing, and a list of witnesses that may be called at the hearing. (2) Each party must sign the joint schedule. (c) Time. (d) Joint scheduling order. (e) Disputes. (f) Sanctions for failure to comply with joint schedule. (1) Strike the relevant portion of a party's pleadings; (2) Preclude prehearing or discovery motions by that party; (3) Preclude admission of the relevant portion of a party's evidence at the hearing; or (4) Preclude the relevant portion of the testimony of that party's witnesses at the hearing. § 13.218 Motions. (a) General. (b) Form and contents. (c) Filing of motions. (d) Responses to motions. (e) Rulings on motions. (1) Discovery motions. (2) Prehearing motions. (3) Motions made during the hearing. (f) Specific motions. (1) Motion to dismiss for insufficiency. (2) Motion to dismiss. (i) Motion to dismiss a request for a hearing. (ii) Motion to dismiss a complaint. (3) Motion for a more definite statement. (i) Complaint. (ii) Answer. (4) Motion to strike. (5) Motion for decision. (6) Motion for disqualification. (i) Motion and supporting affidavit. (ii) Response. (iii) Decision on motion for disqualification. (iv) Appeal. (7) Motions for reconsideration of an initial decision, order dismissing a complaint, order dismissing a request for hearing or order dismissing a request for hearing and answer. § 13.219 Interlocutory appeals. (a) General. (b) Interlocutory appeal for cause. (c) Interlocutory appeals of right. (1) A ruling or order by the administrative law judge barring a person from the proceedings; (2) Failure of the administrative law judge to dismiss the proceedings in accordance with § 13.215; or (3) A ruling or order by the administrative law judge in violation of § 13.205(b). (d) Procedure. (e) Summary rejection. § 13.220 Discovery. (a) Initiation of discovery. (b) Methods of discovery. (c) Service on the agency. (d) Time for response to discovery requests. (e) Scope of discovery. (f) Limiting discovery. (1) The information requested is cumulative or repetitious; (2) The information requested can be obtained from another less burdensome and more convenient source; (3) The party requesting the information has had ample opportunity to obtain the information through other discovery methods permitted under this section; or (4) The method or scope of discovery requested by the party is unduly burdensome or expensive. (g) Confidential orders. (1) The party or person making the motion must show that the confidential order is necessary to protect the information from disclosure to the public. (2) If the administrative law judge determines that the requested material is not necessary to decide the case, the administrative law judge must preclude any inquiry into the matter by any party. (3) If the administrative law judge determines that the requested material may be disclosed during discovery, the administrative law judge may order that the material may be discovered and disclosed under limited conditions or may be used only under certain terms and conditions. (4) If the administrative law judge determines that the requested material is necessary to decide the case and that a confidential order is warranted, the administrative law judge must provide: (i) An opportunity for review of the document by the parties off the record; (ii) Procedures for excluding the information from the record; and (iii) Order that the parties must not disclose the information in any manner and the parties must not use the information in any other proceeding. (h) Protective orders. (1) Deny the discovery request; (2) Order that discovery be conducted only on specified terms and conditions, including a designation of the time or place for discovery or a determination of the method of discovery; or (3) Limit the scope of discovery or preclude any inquiry into certain matters during discovery. (i) Duty to supplement or amend responses. (1) A party must supplement or amend any response to a question requesting the identity and location of any person having knowledge of discoverable matters. (2) A party must supplement or amend any response to a question requesting the identity of each person who will be called to testify at the hearing as an expert witness and the subject matter and substance of that witness's testimony. (3) A party must supplement or amend any response that was incorrect when made or any response that was correct when made but is no longer correct, accurate, or complete. (j) Depositions Form. (2) Administration of oaths. (3) Notice of deposition. duces tecum (4) Use of depositions. (k) Interrogatories. (1) A party must not serve more than 30 interrogatories to each other party. Each subpart of an interrogatory must be counted as a separate interrogatory. (2) A party must file a motion for leave to serve additional interrogatories on a party with the administrative law judge before serving additional interrogatories on a party. The administrative law judge may grant the motion only if the party shows good cause. (l) Requests for admission. (1) Time. (2) Response. (3) Effect of admission. (m) Motion to compel discovery. (n) Failure to comply with a discovery order. (1) Strike the relevant portion of a party's pleadings; (2) Preclude prehearing or discovery motions by that party; (3) Preclude admission of the relevant portion of a party's evidence at the hearing; or (4) Preclude the relevant portion of the testimony of that party's witnesses at the hearing. § 13.221 Notice of hearing. (a) Notice. (b) Date, time, and location of the hearing. (c) Earlier hearing. § 13.222 Evidence. (a) General. (b) Admissibility. (c) Hearsay evidence. § 13.223 Standard of proof. The administrative law judge must issue an initial decision or must rule in a party's favor only if the decision or ruling is supported by, and in accordance with, the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence contained in the record. In order to prevail, the party with the burden of proof must prove the party's case or defense by a preponderance of reliable, probative, and substantial evidence. § 13.224 Burden of proof. (a) Except in the case of an affirmative defense, the burden of proof is on the agency. (b) Except as otherwise provided by statute or rule, the proponent of a motion, request, or order has the burden of proof. (c) A party who has asserted an affirmative defense has the burden of proving the affirmative defense. § 13.225 Offer of proof. A party whose evidence has been excluded by a ruling of the administrative law judge may offer the evidence for the record on appeal. § 13.226 Public disclosure of information. (a) The administrative law judge may order that any information contained in the record be withheld from public disclosure. Any party or interested person may object to disclosure of information in the record by filing and serving a written motion to withhold specific information in accordance with §§ 13.210 and 13.211 respectively. A party may file a motion seeking to protect from public disclosure information contained in a document that the party is filing at the same time it files the document. The person or party must state the specific grounds for nondisclosure in the motion. (b) The administrative law judge must grant the motion to withhold if, based on the motion and any response to the motion, the administrative law judge determines that: Disclosure would be detrimental to aviation safety; disclosure would not be in the public interest; or the information is not otherwise required to be made available to the public. § 13.227 Expert or opinion witnesses. An employee of the agency may not be called as an expert or opinion witness for any party other than the FAA in any proceeding governed by this subpart. An employee of a respondent may not be called by an agency attorney as an expert or opinion witness for the FAA in any proceeding governed by this subpart to which the respondent is a party. § 13.228 Subpoenas. (a) Request for subpoena. (1) Not later than 15 days before a scheduled deposition under the subpoena; or (2) Not later than 30 days before a scheduled hearing where attendance at the hearing is sought. (b) Motion to quash or modify the subpoena. (c) Enforcement of subpoena. § 13.229 Witness fees. (a) General. (b) Amount. § 13.230 Record. (a) Exclusive record. (b) Examination and copying of record. § 13.231 Argument before the administrative law judge. (a) Arguments during the hearing. (b) Final oral argument. (c) Post-hearing briefs. § 13.232 Initial decision. (a) Contents. (b) Oral decision. (c) Written decision. (d) Reconsideration of an initial decision. (e) Order assessing civil penalty. § 13.233 Appeal from initial decision. (a) Notice of appeal. (b) Issues on appeal. (1) Whether each finding of fact is supported by a preponderance of reliable, probative, and substantial evidence; (2) Whether each conclusion of law is made in accordance with applicable law, precedent, and public policy; and (3) Whether the administrative law judge committed any prejudicial errors. (c) Perfecting an appeal. (1) Extension of time by agreement of the parties. (2) Written motion for extension. (d) Appeal briefs. (1) A party must set forth, in detail, the party's specific objections to the initial decision or rulings in the appeal brief. A party also must set forth, in detail, the basis for the appeal, the reasons supporting the appeal, and the relief requested in the appeal. If the party relies on evidence contained in the record for the appeal, the party must specifically refer to the pertinent evidence contained in the transcript in the appeal brief. (2) The FAA decisionmaker may dismiss an appeal, on the FAA decisionmaker's own initiative or upon motion of any other party, where a party has filed a notice of appeal but fails to perfect the appeal by timely filing an appeal brief with the FAA decisionmaker. (e) Reply brief. (1) Extension of time by agreement of the parties. (2) Written motion for extension. (f) Other briefs. amicus curiae (g) Number of copies. (h) Oral argument. (i) Waiver of objections on appeal. (j) FAA decisionmaker's decision on appeal. (1) The FAA decisionmaker may raise any issue, on the FAA decisionmaker's own initiative, that is required for proper disposition of the proceedings. The FAA decisionmaker will give the parties a reasonable opportunity to submit arguments on the new issues before making a decision on appeal. If an issue raised by the FAA decisionmaker requires the consideration of additional testimony or evidence, the FAA decisionmaker will remand the case to the administrative law judge for further proceedings and an initial decision related to that issue. If an issue raised by the FAA decisionmaker is solely an issue of law, or the issue was addressed at the hearing but was not raised by a party in the briefs on appeal, a remand of the case to the administrative law judge for further proceedings is not required but may be provided in the discretion of the FAA decisionmaker. (2) The FAA decisionmaker will issue the final decision and order of the Administrator on appeal in writing and will serve a copy of the decision and order on each party. Unless a petition for review is filed pursuant to § 13.235, a final decision and order of the Administrator will be considered an order assessing civil penalty if the FAA decisionmaker finds that an alleged violation occurred and a civil penalty is warranted. (3) A final decision and order of the Administrator after appeal is precedent in any other civil penalty action. Any issue, finding or conclusion, order, ruling, or initial decision of an administrative law judge that has not been appealed to the FAA decisionmaker is not precedent in any other civil penalty action. § 13.234 Petition to reconsider or modify a final decision and order of the FAA decisionmaker on appeal. (a) General. (b) Number of copies. (c) Contents. (1) If the petition is based, in whole or in part, on allegations regarding the consequences of the FAA decisionmaker's decision, the party must describe these allegations and must describe, and support, the basis for the allegations. (2) If the petition is based, in whole or in part, on new material not previously raised in the proceedings, the party must set forth the new material and include affidavits of prospective witnesses and authenticated documents that would be introduced in support of the new material. The party must explain, in detail, why the new material was not discovered through due diligence prior to the hearing. (d) Repetitious and frivolous petitions. (e) Reply petitions. (f) Effect of filing petition. (g) FAA decisionmaker's decision on petition. § 13.235 Judicial review of a final decision and order. (a) In cases under the Federal aviation statute, a party may seek judicial review of a final decision and order of the Administrator, as provided in 49 U.S.C. 46110(a), and, as applicable, in 49 U.S.C. 46301(d)(7)(D)(iii), 46301(g), or 47532. (b) In cases under the Federal hazardous materials transportation statute, a party may seek judicial review of a final decision and order of the Administrator, as provided in 49 U.S.C. 5127. (c) A party seeking judicial review of a final order issued by the Administrator may file a petition for review in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit or in the United States Court of Appeals for the circuit in which the party resides or has its principal place of business. (d) The party must file the petition for review no later than 60 days after service of the Administrator's final decision and order. § 13.236 Alternative dispute resolution. Parties may use mediation to achieve resolution of issues in controversy addressed by this subpart. Parties seeking alternative dispute resolution services may engage the services of a mutually acceptable mediator. The mediator must not participate in the adjudication under this subpart of any matter in which the mediator has provided mediation services. Mediation discussions and submissions will remain confidential consistent with the provisions of the Administrative Dispute Resolution Act and other applicable Federal laws. Subpart H—Civil Monetary Penalty Inflation Adjustment Source: Docket No. 28762, 61 FR 67445, Dec. 20, 1996, unless otherwise noted. § 13.301 Inflation adjustments of civil monetary penalties. (a) This subpart provides the maximum civil monetary penalties or range of minimum and maximum civil monetary penalties for each statutory civil penalty subject to FAA jurisdiction, as adjusted for inflation. (b) Each adjustment to a maximum civil monetary penalty or to minimum and maximum civil monetary penalties that establish a civil monetary penalty range applies to actions initiated under this part for violations occurring on or after December 30, 2024, notwithstanding references to specific civil penalty amounts elsewhere in this part. (c) Minimum and maximum civil monetary penalties are as follows: Table 1 to § 13.301( c United States Code Civil monetary penalty description 2024 New adjusted 2024 New adjusted maximum 49 U.S.C. 5123(a)(1) Violation of hazardous materials transportation law N/A N/A $99,756 $102,348. 49 U.S.C. 5123(a)(2) Violation of hazardous materials transportation law resulting in death, serious illness, severe injury, or substantial property destruction N/A N/A $232,762 $238,809. 49 U.S.C. 5123(a)(3) Violation of hazardous materials transportation law relating to training $601 $617 $99,756 $102,348. 49 U.S.C. 44704(d)(3) Knowing presentation of a nonconforming aircraft for issuance of an initial airworthiness certificate by a production certificate holder N/A N/A $1,181,581 $1,212, 278. 49 U.S.C. 44704(e)(4) Knowing failure by an applicant for or holder of a type certificate to submit safety critical information or include certain such information in an airplane flight manual or flight crew operating manual N/A N/A $1,181,581 $1,212,278. 49 U.S.C. 44704(e)(5) Knowing false statement by an airline transport pilot (ATP) certificate holder with respect to the submission of certain safety critical information N/A N/A See entries for 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) and (a)(5) See entries for 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) and (a)(5). 49 U.S.C. 44742 Interference by a supervisory employee of an organization designation authorization (ODA) holder that manufactures a transport category airplane with an ODA unit member's performance of authorized functions N/A N/A See entries for 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) See entries for 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1). 49 U.S.C. 44802 note Operation of an unmanned aircraft or unmanned aircraft system equipped or armed with a dangerous weapon N/A N/A $30,417 $31,207. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) Violation by a person other than an individual or small business concern under 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1)(A) or (B) N/A N/A $41,577 $75,000. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) Violation by an airman serving as an airman under 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1)(A) or (B) (but not covered by 46301(a)(5)(A) or (B)) N/A N/A $1,828 $1,875. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) Violation by an individual or small business concern under 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1)(A) or (B) (but not covered in 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)) N/A N/A $1,828 $1,875. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(3) Violation of 49 U.S.C. 47107(b) (or any assurance made under such section) or 49 U.S.C. 47133 N/A N/A Increase above otherwise applicable maximum amount not to exceed 3 times the amount of revenues used in violation of such section No change. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)(A) Violation by an individual or small business concern (except an airman serving as an airman) under 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)(A)(i) or (ii) N/A N/A $16,630 $17,062. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)(B)(i) Violation by an individual or small business concern related to the transportation of hazardous materials N/A N/A $16,630 $17,062. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)(B)(ii) Violation by an individual or small business concern related to the registration or recordation under 49 U.S.C. chapter 441, of an aircraft not used to provide air transportation N/A N/A $16,630 $17,062. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)(B)(iii) Violation by an individual or small business concern of 49 U.S.C. 44718(d), relating to limitation on construction or establishment of landfills N/A N/A $16,630 $17,062. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(5)(B)(iv) Violation by an individual or small business concern of 49 U.S.C. 44725, relating to the safe disposal of life-limited aircraft parts N/A N/A $16,630 $17,062. 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(8) Violation of 49 U.S.C. 41707(a)(22), including any grant assurances made under that section N/A N/A N/A $5,000. 49 U.S.C. 46301 note Individual who aims the beam of a laser pointer at an aircraft in the airspace jurisdiction of the United States, or at the flight path of such an aircraft N/A N/A $31,819 $32,646. 49 U.S.C. 46301(b) Tampering with a smoke alarm device N/A N/A $5,339 $5,478. 49 U.S.C. 46302 Knowingly providing false information about alleged violation involving the special aircraft jurisdiction of the United States N/A N/A $28,995 $29,748. 49 U.S.C. 46318 Physical or sexual assault or threat to physically or sexually assault crewmember or other individual on an aircraft, or action that poses an imminent threat to the safety of the aircraft or individuals on board N/A N/A $43,658 $44,792. 49 U.S.C. 46319 Permanent closure of an airport without providing sufficient notice N/A N/A $16,630 $17,062. 49 U.S.C. 46320 Operating an unmanned aircraft and in so doing knowingly or recklessly interfering with a wildfire suppression, law enforcement, or emergency response effort N/A N/A $25,455 $26,116. 49 U.S.C. 47531 Violation of 49 U.S.C. 47528-47530 or 47534, relating to the prohibition of operating certain aircraft not complying with stage 3 noise levels N/A N/A See entries for 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) and (a)(5) See entries for 49 U.S.C. 46301(a)(1) and (a)(5). [84 FR 37068, July 31, 2019, as amended at 86 FR 1753, Jan. 11, 2021; 86 FR 23249, May 3, 2021; 87 FR 15863, Mar. 21, 2022; 88 FR 1122, Jan. 6, 2023; 88 FR 6971, Feb. 2, 2023; 88 FR 89557, Dec. 28, 2023; 89 FR 106291, Dec. 30, 2024] Subpart I—Flight Operational Quality Assurance Programs § 13.401 Flight Operational Quality Assurance Program: Prohibition against use of data for enforcement purposes. (a) Applicability. (b) Definitions. (1) Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) program (2) FOQA data (3) Aggregate FOQA data (c) Requirements. (1) A description of the operator's plan for collecting and analyzing flight recorded data from line operations on a routine basis, including identification of the data to be collected; (2) Procedures for taking corrective action that analysis of the data indicates is necessary in the interest of safety; (3) Procedures for providing the FAA with aggregate FOQA data; (4) Procedures for informing the FAA as to any corrective action being undertaken pursuant to paragraph (c)(2) of this section. (d) Submission of aggregate data. (e) Enforcement. (f) Disclosure. (g) Withdrawal of program approval. (1) Failure to implement corrective action that analysis of available FOQA data indicates is necessary in the interest of safety; or (2) Failure to correct a continuing pattern of violations following notice by the agency; or also (3) Willful misconduct or willful violation of the FAA regulations in this chapter. [Doc. No. FAA-2000-7554, 66 FR 55048, Oct. 31, 2001; Amdt. 13-30, 67 FR 31401, May 9, 2002]

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