PART 1928—OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURE Authority: Sections 4, 6, and 8 of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.S.C. 653, 655, 657); Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754), 8-76 (41 FR 25059), 9-83 (48 FR 35736), 1-90 (55 FR 9033), 6-96 (62 FR 111), 3-2000 (65 FR 50017), 5-2002 (67 FR 65008), 4-2010 (75 FR 55355), or 8-2020 (85 FR 58393), as applicable; and 29 CFR 1911. Section 1928.21 also issued under 49 U.S.C. 1801-1819 and 5 U.S.C. 553. Source: 40 FR 18257, Apr. 25, 1975, unless otherwise noted. Subpart A—General § 1928.1 Purpose and scope. This part contains occupational safety and health standards applicable to agricultural operations. Subpart B—Applicability of Standards § 1928.21 Applicable standards in 29 CFR part 1910. (a) The following standards in part 1910 of this chapter shall apply to agricultural operations: (1) Temporary labor camps—§ 1910.142; (2) Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia—§ 1910.111 (a) and (b); (3) Logging operations—§ 1910.266; (4) Slow-moving vehicles—§ 1910.145; (5) Hazard communication—§ 1910.1200; (6) Cadmium—§ 1910.1027. (7) Retention of DOT markings, placards and labels—§ 1910.1201. (8) COVID-19—§ 1910.501, but only with respect to— (i) Agricultural establishments where eleven (11) or more employees are engaged on any given day in hand-labor operations in the field; and (ii) Agricultural establishments that maintain a temporary labor camp, regardless of how many employees are engaged on any given day in hand-labor operations in the field. (b) Except to the extent specified in paragraph (a) of this section, the standards contained in subparts B through T and subpart Z of part 1910 of this title do not apply to agricultural operations. (Section 1928.21 contains a collection of information which has been approved by the Office of Management and Budget under OMB control number 1218-0072) [40 FR 18257, Apr. 25, 1975, as amended at 42 FR 38569, July 29, 1977; 52 FR 31886, Aug. 24, 1987; 59 FR 36700, July 19, 1994; 59 FR 51748, Oct. 12, 1994; 61 FR 5510, Feb. 13, 1996; 61 FR 9255, Mar. 7, 1996; 86 FR 61555, Nov. 5, 2021] Subpart C—Roll-Over Protective Structures § 1928.51 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for tractors used in agricultural operations. (a) Definitions. Agricultural tractor Low profile tractor (1) The front wheel spacing is equal to the rear wheel spacing, as measured from the centerline of each right wheel to the centerline of the corresponding left wheel. (2) The clearance from the bottom of the tractor chassis to the ground does not exceed 18 inches. (3) The highest point of the hood does not exceed 60 inches, and (4) The tractor is designed so that the operator straddles the transmission when seated. Tractor weight (b) General requirements. (1) Roll-over protective structures (ROPS). (2) Seatbelts. (A) Provide each tractor with a seatbelt which meets the requirements of this paragraph; (B) Ensure that each employee uses such seatbelt while the tractor is moving; and (C) Ensure that each employee tightens the seatbelt sufficiently to confine the employee to the protected area provided by the ROPS. (ii) Each seatbelt shall meet the requirements set forth in Society of Automotive Engineers Standard SAE J4C, 1965 Motor Vehicle Seat Belt Assemblies, 2 2 (A) Where a suspended seat is used, the seatbelt shall be fastened to the movable portion of the seat to accommodate a ride motion of the operator. (B) The seatbelt anchorage shall be capable of withstanding a static tensile load of 1,000 pounds (453.6 kg) at 45 degrees to the horizontal equally divided between the anchorages. The seat mounting shall be capable of withstanding this load plus a load equal to four times the weight of all applicable seat components applied at 45 degrees to the horizontal in a forward and upward direction. In addition, the seat mounting shall be capable of withstanding a 500 pound (226.8 kg) belt load plus two times the weight of all applicable seat components both applied at 45 degrees to the horizontal in and upward and rearward direction. Floor and seat deformation is acceptable provided there is not structural failure or release of the seat adjusted mechanism or other locking device. (C) The seatbelt webbing material shall have a resistance to acids, alkalies, mildew, aging, moisture, and sunlight equal to or better than that of untreated polyester fiber. (3) Protection from spillage. (4) Protection from sharp surfaces. (5) Exempted uses. (i) Low profile (ii) Low profile (iii) Tractors while used with mounted equipment which is incompatible with ROPS (e.g. cornpickers, cotton strippers, vegetable pickers and fruit harvesters). (6) Remounting. (c) Labeling. (1) Manufacturer's or fabricator's name and address; (2) ROPS model number, if any; (3) Tractor makes, models, or series numbers that the structure is designed to fit; and (4) That the ROPS model was tested in accordance with the requirements of this subpart. (d) Operating instructions. [40 FR 18257, Apr. 25, 1975, as amended at 61 FR 9255, Mar. 7, 1996; 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004; 70 FR 77003, Dec. 29, 2005] § 1928.52 Protective frames for wheel-type agricultural tractors—test procedures and performance requirements. (a) Purpose. (b) Types of tests. (1) Laboratory test. (2) Field-upset test. (i) The analysis of the protective-frame static-energy absorption test results indicates that both FER is FER ir (ii) The analysis of the protective-frame dynamic-energy absorption test results indicates that the frame can withstand an impact of 15 percent greater than the impact it is required to withstand for the tractor weight as shown in Figure C-7. (c) Descriptions Protective frame. (2) Overhead weather shield. (3) Overhead falling object protection. (d) Test procedures General. (ii) Each test required under this section shall be performed on a new protective frame. Mounting connections of the same design shall be used during each such test. (iii) Instantaneous deflection shall be measured and recorded for each segment of the test; see paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section for permissible deflections. (iv) The seat-reference point (“ SRP (v) When the centerline of the seat is off the longitudinal center, the frame loading shall be on the side with the least space between the centerline of seat and the protective frame. (vi) Low-temperature characteristics of the protective frame or its material shall be demonstrated as specified in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section. (vii) Rear input energy tests (static, dynamic, or field-upset) need not be performed on frames mounted to tractors having four driven wheels and more than one-half their unballasted weight on the front wheels. (viii) Accuracy table: Measurements Accuracy Deflection of the frame, in. (mm) ±5 percent of the deflection measured. Vertical weight, lb (kg) ±5 percent of the weight measured. Force applied to the frame, pounds force (newtons) ±5 percent of the force measured. Dimensions of the critical zone, in. (mm) ±0.5 in. (12.5 mm). (2) Static test procedure. (A) The laboratory mounting base shall be the tractor chassis for which the protective frame is designed, or its equivalent; (B) The protective frame shall be instrumented with the necessary equipment to obtain the required load-deflection data at the locations and directions specified in Figures C-2 and C-3; and (C) When the protective frame is of a one- or two-upright design, mounting connections shall be instrumented with the necessary equipment to record the required force to be used in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(E) and (J) of this section. Instrumentation shall be placed on mounting connections before installation load is applied. (ii) The following definitions shall apply: W W′ E is E′ is E is W E′ is W′ E ir E′ ir E ir W E′ ir W′ L D L L-D L max Load Limit L-D L max E u L-D FER FER is E u E is FER ir E u E ir P b L P u FSB FSB P u /P b (iii) The test procedures shall be as follows: (A) Apply the rear load according to Figure C-3, and record L D ( 1 ir ( 2 ( 3 (B) Using data obtained under paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(A) of this section, construct the L-D (C) Calculate E ir (D) Calculate FER ir (E) Calculate FSB (F) Apply the side-load tests on the same frame, and record L D L ( 1 E is ( 2 ( 3 (G) Using data obtained in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(F) of this section, construct the L-D (H) Calculate E is (I) Calculate FER is (J) Calculate FSB (3) Dynamic test procedure. (A) The protective frame and tractor shall be tested at the weight defined by 29 CFR 1928.51(a); (B) The dynamic loading shall be accomplished by using a 4,410-lb (2,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be 27 ±1 in. by 27 ±1 in. (686 ±25 mm by 686 ±25 mm), and shall be constructed so that its center of gravity is within 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) of its geometric center. The weight shall be suspended from a pivot point 18 to 22 ft (5.5 to 6.7 m) above the point of impact on the frame, and shall be conveniently and safely adjustable for height (see Figure C-6); (C) For each phase of testing, the tractor shall be restrained from moving when the dynamic load is applied. The restraining members shall have strength no less than, and elasticity no greater than, that of 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) steel cable. Points of attachment for the restraining members shall be located an appropriate distance behind the rear axle and in front of the front axle to provide a 15° to 30° angle between a restraining cable and the horizontal. For impact from the rear, the restraining cables shall be located in the plane in which the center of gravity of the pendulum will swing, or alternatively, two sets of symmetrically located cables may be used at lateral locations on the tractor. For impact from the side, restraining cables shall be used as shown in Figures C-8 and C-9; (D) The front and rear wheel-tread settings, when adjustable, shall be at the position nearest to halfway between the minimum and maximum settings obtainable on the vehicle. When only two settings are obtainable, the minimum setting shall be used. The tires shall have no liquid ballast, and shall be inflated to the maximum operating pressure recommended by the manufacturer. With the specified tire inflation, the restraining cable shall be tightened to provide tire deflection of 6 to 8 percent of the nominal tire-section width. After the vehicle is restrained properly, a wooden beam no less than 6-in. × 6-in. (150-mm × 150-mm) in cross section shall be driven tightly against the appropriate wheels and clamped. For the test to the side, an additional wooden beam shall be placed as a prop against the wheel nearest to the operator's station, and shall be secured to the base so that it is held tightly against the wheel rim during impact. The length of this beam shall be chosen so that it is at an angle of 25° to 40° to the horizontal when it is positioned against the wheel rim. It shall have a length 20 to 25 times its depth, and a width two to three times its depth (see Figures C-8 and C-9); (E) Means shall be provided for indicating the maximum instantaneous deflection along the line of impact. A simple friction device is illustrated in Figure C-4; (F) No repairs or adjustments shall be made during the test; and (G) When any cables, props, or blocking shift or break during the test, the test shall be repeated. (ii) H H′ H W H′ W′ (iii) The test procedures shall be as follows: (A) The frame shall be evaluated by imposing dynamic loading from the rear, followed by a load to the side on the same frame. The pendulum swinging from the height determined by paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section shall be used to impose the dynamic load. The position of the pendulum shall be so selected that the initial point of impact on the frame is in line with the arc of travel of the center of gravity of the pendulum. When a quick-release mechanism is used, it shall not influence the attitude of the block; (B) Impact at rear. (C) Impact at side. (4) Field-upset test procedure. (A) The tractor shall be tested at the weight defined in 29 CFR 1928.51(a); (B) The following provisions address soil bank test conditions. (1) The test shall be conducted on a dry, firm soil bank. The soil in the impact area shall have an average cone index in the 0-in. to 6-in. (0-mm to 152-mm) layer of not less than 150. Cone index shall be determined according to American Society of Agricultural Engineers (“ASAE”) recommendation ASAE R313.1-1971 (“Soil cone penetrometer”), as reconfirmed in 1975, which is incorporated by reference. The incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The path of vehicle travel shall be 12° ±2° to the top edge of the bank. (2) ASAE recommendation R313.1-1971, as reconfirmed in 1975, appears in the 1977 Agricultural Engineers Yearbook, or it may be examined at: Any OSHA Regional Office; the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-2625, Washington, DC 20210 (telephone: (202) 693-2350 (TTY number: (877) 889-5627)); or the National Archives and Records Administration (“NARA”). (For information on the availability of this material at NARA, telephone (202) 741-6030 or access the NARA Web site at http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (C) An 18-in. (457-mm) high ramp (see Figure C-10) shall be used to assist in upsetting the vehicle to the side; and (D) The front and rear wheel-tread settings, when adjustable, shall be at the position nearest to halfway between the minimum and maximum settings obtainable on the vehicle. When only two settings are obtainable, the minimum setting shall be used. (ii) Field upsets shall be induced to the rear and side as follows: (A) Rear upset shall be induced by engine power, with the tractor operating in gear to obtain 3 to 5 mph (4.8 to 8.0 kph) at maximum governed engine rpm by driving forward directly up a minimum slope of 60° ±5° as shown in Figure C-11, or by an alternative equivalent means. The engine clutch may be used to aid in inducing the upset; and (B) To induce side upset, the tractor shall be driven under its own power along the specified path of travel at a minimum speed of 10 mph (16 kph), or at maximum vehicle speed when under 10 mph (16 kph), and over the ramp as described in paragraph (d)(4)(i)(C) of this section. (e) Performance requirements General requirements. d e f SRP g = 24 in. (610 mm) minimum; and m (ii) The protective structure and connecting fasteners must pass the static or dynamic tests described in paragraphs (d)(2), (d)(3), or (d)(4) of this section at a metal temperature of 0 °F (−18 °C) or below, or exhibit Charpy V-notch impact strengths as follows: 10-mm × 10-mm (0.394-in. × 0.394-in.) specimen: 8.0 ft-lb (10.8 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C); 10-mm × 7.5-mm (0.394-in. × 0.296-in.) specimen: 7.0 ft-lb (9.5 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C); 10-mm × 5-mm (0.394-in. × 0.197-in.) specimen: 5.5 ft-lb (7.5 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C); or 10-mm × 2.5-mm (0.394-in. × 0.098-in.) specimen: 4.0 ft-lb (5.5 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C). Specimens shall be longitudinal and taken from flat stock, tubular, or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the frame. Specimens from tubular or structural sections shall be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension, not to include welds. (2) Static test-performance requirements. FER is FER ir FSB (3) Dynamic test-performance requirements. (4) Field-upset test performance requirements. [70 FR 77004, Dec. 29, 2005] § 1928.53 Protective enclosures for wheel-type agricultural tractors—test procedures and performance requirements. (a) Purpose. (b) Types of tests. (1) Laboratory test. (2) Field-upset test. (i) The analysis of the protective-frame static-energy absorption test results indicates that both FER is FER ir (ii) The analysis of the protective-frame dynamic-energy absorption test results indicates that the frame can withstand an impact 15 percent greater than the impact it is required to withstand for the tractor weight as shown in Figure C-7. (c) Description. (d) Test procedures General. (ii) Each test required under this section shall be performed on a protective enclosure with new structural members. Mounting connections of the same design shall be used during each test. (iii) Instantaneous deflection shall be measured and recorded for each segment of the test; see paragraph (e)(1)(i) of this section for permissible deflections. (iv) The seat-reference point (“ SRP (v) When the centerline of the seat is off the longitudinal center, the protective-enclosure loading shall be on the side with least space between the centerline of the seat and the protective enclosure. (vi) Low-temperature characteristics of the protective enclosure or its material shall be demonstrated as specified in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this section. (vii) Rear input energy tests (static, dynamic, or field-upset) need not be performed on enclosures mounted to tractors having four driven wheels and more than one-half their unballasted weight on the front wheels. (viii) Accuracy table: Measurements Accuracy Deflection of the enclosure, in. (mm) ±5 percent of the deflection measured. Vertical weight, pounds (kg) ±5 percent of the weight measured. Force applied to the enclosure, pounds force (newtons) ±5 percent of the force measured. Dimensions of the critical zone, in. (mm) ±0.5 in. (12.5 mm). (ix) When movable or normally removable portions of the enclosure add to structural strength, they shall be placed in configurations that contribute least to structural strength during the test. (2) Static test procedure. (A) The laboratory mounting base shall be the tractor chassis for which the protective enclosure is designed, or its equivalent; and (B) The protective enclosure shall be instrumented with the necessary equipment to obtain the required load-deflection data at the locations and directions specified in Figures C-13 and C-14. (ii) The following definitions shall apply: W W E is E is E is W E is W E ir E ir E ir W E ir W L D L L-D L max Load Limit L-D L max E u L-D FER FER is E u E is FER ir E u E ir. (iii) The test procedures shall be as follows: (A) When the protective-frame structures are not an integral part of the enclosure, the direction and point of load application for both side and rear shall be the same as specified in 29 CFR 1928.52(d)(2); (B) When the protective-frame structures are an integral part of the enclosure, apply the rear load according to Figure C-14, and record L D ( 1 E ir ( 2 ( 3 (C) Using data obtained in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(B) of this section, construct the L-D (D) Calculate E ir (E) Calculate FER ir (F) When the protective-frame structures are an integral part of the enclosure, apply the side load according to Figure C-13, and record L D k l ( 1 E is ( 2 ( 3 (G) Using data obtained in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(F) of this section, construct the L-D (H) Calculate FER is (I) Calculate FER ir. (3) Dynamic test procedure. (A) The protective enclosure and tractor shall be tested at the weight defined by 29 CFR 1928.51(a); (B) The dynamic loading shall be accomplished by using a 4,410-lb (2,000-kg) weight acting as a pendulum. The impact face of the weight shall be 27 ±1 in. by 27 ±1 in. (686 ±25 mm by 686 ±25 mm), and shall be constructed so that its center of gravity is within 1.0 in. (25.4 mm) of its geometric center. The weight shall be suspended from a pivot point 18 to 22 ft (5.5 to 6.7 m) above the point of impact on the enclosure, and shall be conveniently and safely adjustable for height (see Figure C-6); (C) For each phase of testing, the tractor shall be restrained from moving when the dynamic load is applied. The restraining members shall have strength no less than, and elasticity no greater than, that of 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) steel cable. Points of attachment for the restraining members shall be located an appropriate distance behind the rear axle and in front of the front axle to provide a 15° to 30° angle between the restraining cable and the horizontal. For impact from the rear, the restraining cables shall be located in the plane in which the center of gravity of the pendulum will swing, or alternatively, two sets of symmetrically located cables may be used at lateral locations on the tractor. For the impact from the side, restraining cables shall be used as shown in Figures C-15 and C-16; (D) The front and rear wheel-tread settings, when adjustable, shall be at the position nearest to halfway between the minimum and maximum settings obtainable on the vehicle. When only two settings are obtainable, the minimum setting shall be used. The tires shall have no liquid ballast, and shall be inflated to the maximum operating pressure recommended by the manufacturer. With specified tire inflation, the restraining cable shall be tightened to provide tire deflection of 6 to 8 percent of nominal tire section width. After the vehicle is retrained properly, a wooden beam no smaller than 6-in. × 6-in. (150-mm × 150-mm) cross-section shall be driven tightly against the appropriate wheels and clamped. For the test to the side, an additional wooden beam shall be placed as a prop against the wheel nearest the operator's station, and shall be secured to the base so that it is held tightly against the wheel rim during impact. The length of this beam shall be chosen so that it is at an angle of 25° to 40° to the horizontal when it is positioned against the wheel rim. It shall have a length 20 to 25 times its depth, and a width two to three times its depth (see Figures C-15 and C-16); (E) Means shall be provided for indicating the maximum instantaneous deflection along the line of impact. A simple friction device is illustrated in Figure C-4; (F) No repair or adjustments shall be made during the test; and (G) When any cables, props, or blocking shift or break during the test, the test shall be repeated. (ii) H H H W H W′ (iii) The test procedures shall be as follows: (A) The enclosure structure shall be evaluated by imposing dynamic loading from the rear, followed by a load to the side on the same enclosure structure. The pendulum swinging from the height determined by paragraph (d)(3)(ii) of this section shall be used to impose the dynamic load. The position of the pendulum shall be so selected that the initial point of impact on the protective structure is in line with the arc of travel of the center of gravity of the pendulum. When a quick-release mechanism is used, it shall not influence the attitude of the block; (B) Impact at rear. (C) Impact at side. k, l, (4) Field-upset test procedure. (A) The tractor shall be tested at the weight defined in 29 CFR 1928.51(a); (B) The following provisions address soil bank test conditions. (1) The test shall be conducted on a dry, firm soil bank. The soil in the impact area shall have an average cone index in the 0-in. to 6-in. (0-mm to 152-mm) layer of not less than 150. Cone index shall be determined according to American Society of Agricultural Engineers (“ASAE”) recommendation ASAE R313.1-1971 (“Soil cone penetrometer”), as reconfirmed in 1975, which is incorporated by reference. The incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. The path of vehicle travel shall be 12° ±2° to the top edge of the bank. (2) ASAE recommendation R313.1-1971, as reconfirmed in 1975, appears in the 1977 Agricultural Engineers Yearbook, or it may be examined at: Any OSHA Regional Office; the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-2625, Washington, DC 20210 (telephone: (202) 693-2350 (TTY number: (877) 889-5627)); or the National Archives and Records Administration (“NARA”). (For information on the availability of this material at NARA, telephone (202) 741-6030 or access the NARA Web site at http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (C) An 18-in. (457 mm) high ramp (see Figure C-10) shall be used to assist in upsetting the vehicle to the side; and (D) The front and rear wheel-tread settings, when adjustable, shall be at the position nearest to halfway between the minimum and maximum settings obtainable on the vehicle. When only two settings are obtainable, the minimum setting shall be used. (ii) Field upsets shall be induced to the rear and side. (A) Rear upset shall be induced by engine power, with the tractor operating in gear to obtain 3 to 5 mph (4.8 to 8.0 kph) at maximum governed engine rpm by driving forward directly up a minimum slope of 60° ±5° as shown in Figure C-11, or by an alternate equivalent means. The engine clutch may be used to aid in inducing the upset; and (B) To induce side upset, the tractor shall be driven under its own power along the specified path of travel at a minimum speed of 10 mph (16 kph), or at maximum vehicle speed when under 10 mph (16 kph), and over the ramp as described in paragraph (d)(4)(i)(C) of this section. (e) Performance requirements General requirements. d f d, e, g, d e f SRP g h j (ii) The protective structure and connecting fasteners must pass the static or dynamic tests described in paragraphs (d)(2), (d)(3), or (d)(4) of this section at a metal temperature of 0 °F (−8 °C) or below, or exhibit Charpy V-notch impact strengths as follows: 10-mm × 10-mm (0.394-in. × 0.394-in.) specimen: 8.0 ft-lb (10.8 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C); 10-mm × 7.5-mm (0.394-in. × 0.296-in.) specimen: 7.0 ft-lb (9.5 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C); 10-mm × 5-mm (0.394-in. × 0.197-in.) specimen: 5.5 ft-lb (7.5 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C); or 10-mm × 2.5-mm (0.394-in. × 0.098-in.) specimen: 4.0 ft-lb (5.5 J) at −20 °F (−30 °C). Specimens shall be longitudinal and taken from flat stock, tubular, or structural sections before forming or welding for use in the protective enclosure. Specimens from tubular or structural sections shall be taken from the middle of the side of greatest dimension, not to include welds. (iii) The following provisions address glazing requirements. (A) Glazing shall conform to the requirements contained in Society of Automotive Engineers (“SAE”) standard J674-1963 (“Safety glazing materials”), which is incorporated by reference. The incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. (B) SAE standard J674-1963 appears in the 1965 SAE Handbook, or it may be examined at: any OSHA Regional Office; the OSHA Docket Office, U.S. Department of Labor, 200 Constitution Avenue, NW., Room N-2625, Washington, DC 20210 (telephone: (202) 693-2350 (TTY number: (877) 889-5627)); or the National Archives and Records Administration (“NARA”). (For information on the availability of this material at NARA, telephone (202) 741-6030 or access the NARA Web site at http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (iv) Two or more operator exits shall be provided and positioned to avoid the possibility of both being blocked by the same accident. (2) Static test-performance requirements. FER is FER ir (3) Dynamic test-performance requirements. (4) Field-upset test performance requirements. [70 FR 77004, Dec. 29, 2005, as amended at 71 FR 41145, July 20, 2006] Appendix A to Subpart C of Part 1928—Employee Operating Instructions 1. Securely fasten your seat belt if the tractor has a ROPS. 2. Where possible, avoid operating the tractor near ditches, embankments, and holes. 3. Reduce speed when turning, crossing slopes, and on rough, slick, or muddy surfaces. 4. Stay off slopes too steep for safe operation. 5. Watch where you are going, especially at row ends, on roads, and around trees. 6. Do not permit others to ride. 7. Operate the tractor smoothly—no jerky turns, starts, or stops. 8. Hitch only to the drawbar and hitch points recommended by tractor manufacturers. 9. When tractor is stopped, set brakes securely and use park lock if available. Appendix B to Subpart C of Part 1928—Figures C-1 through C-16 [71 FR 41146, July 20, 2006] Subpart D—Safety for Agricultural Equipment § 1928.57 Guarding of farm field equipment, farmstead equipment, and cotton gins. (a) General Purpose. (2) Scope. (3) Application. (4) Effective date. (5) Definitions—Cotton gins Farm field equipment Farmstead equipment Ground driven components A guard shield Power take-off shafts (6) Operating instructions. (i) Keep all guards in place when the machine is in operation; (ii) Permit no riders on farm field equipment other than persons required for instruction or assistance in machine operation; (iii) Stop engine, disconnect the power source, and wait for all machine movement to stop before servicing, adjusting, cleaning, or unclogging the equipment, except where the machine must be running to be properly serviced or maintained, in which case the employer shall instruct employees as to all steps and procedures which are necessary to safely service or maintain the equipment; (iv) Make sure everyone is clear of machinery before starting the engine, engaging power, or operating the machine; (v) Lock out electrical power before performing maintenance or service on farmstead equipment. (7) Methods of guarding. (i) Through the installation and use of a guard or shield or guarding by location; (ii) Whenever a guard or shield or guarding by location is infeasible, by using a guardrail or fence. (8) Strength and design of guards. (ii) Unless otherwise specified, each guard and its supports shall be capable of withstanding the force that a 250 pound individual, leaning on or falling against the guard, would exert upon that guard. (iii) Guards shall be free from burrs, sharp edges, and sharp corners, and shall be securely fastened to the equipment or building. (9) Guarding by location. (10) Guarding by railings. (11) Servicing and maintenance. (i) The equipment must be running to be properly serviced or maintained; (ii) The equipment cannot be serviced or maintained while a guard or guards otherwise required by this standard are in place; and (iii) The servicing or maintenance can be safely performed. (b) Farm field equipment Power take-off guarding. (ii) All tractors shall be equipped with an agricultural tractor master shield on the rear power take-off except where removal of the tractor master shield is permitted by paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. The master shield shall have sufficient strength to prevent permanent deformation of the shield when a 250 pound operator mounts or dismounts the tractor using the shield as a step. (iii) Power take-off driven equipment shall be guarded to protect against employee contact with positively driven rotating members of the power drive system. Where power take-off driven equipment is of a design requiring removal of the tractor master shield, the equipment shall also include protection from that portion of the tractor power take-off shaft which protrudes from the tractor. (iv) Signs shall be placed at prominent locations on tractors and power take-off driven equipment specifying that power drive system safety shields must be kept in place. (2) Other power transmission components. (ii) All revolving shafts, including projections such as bolts, keys, or set screws, shall be guarded, except smooth shaft ends protruding less than one-half the outside diameter of the shaft and its locking means. (iii) Ground driven components shall be guarded in accordance with paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section if any employee may be exposed to them while the drives are in motion. (3) Functional components. (4) Access to moving parts. (ii) Where removal of a guard or access door will expose an employee to any component which continues to rotate after the power is disengaged, the employer shall provide, in the immediate area, the following: (A) A readily visible or audible warning of rotation; and (B) A safety sign warning the employee to: ( 1 ( 2 (c) Farmstead equipment Power take-off guarding. (ii) Power take-off driven equipment shall be guarded to protect against employee contact with positively driven rotating members of the power drive system. Where power take-off driven equipment is of a design requiring removal of the tractor master shield, the equipment shall also include protection from that portion of the tractor power take-off shaft which protrudes from the tractor. (iii) Signs shall be placed at prominent locations on power take-off driven equipment specifying that power drive system safety shields must be kept in place. (2) Other power transmission components. (ii) All revolving shafts, including projections such as bolts, keys, or set screws, shall be guarded, with the exception of: (A) Smooth shafts and shaft ends (without any projecting bolts, keys, or set screws), revolving at less than 10 rpm, on feed handling equipment used on the top surface of materials in bulk storage facilities; and (B) Smooth shaft ends protruding less than one-half the outside diameter of the shaft and its locking means. (3) Functional components. (ii) Sweep arm material gathering mechanisms used on the top surface of materials within silo structures shall be guarded. The lower or leading edge of the guard shall be located no more than 12 inches above the material surface and no less than 6 inches in front of the leading edge of the rotating member of the gathering mechanism. The guard shall be parallel to, and extend the fullest practical length of, the material gathering mechanism. (iii) Exposed auger flighting on portable grain augers shall be guarded with either grating type guards or solid baffle style covers as follows: (A) The largest dimensions or openings in grating type guards through which materials are required to flow shall be 4 3/4 1/2 (B) Slotted openings in solid baffle style covers shall be no wider than 1 1/2 1/2 (4) Access to moving parts. (ii) Where removal of a guard or access door will expose an employee to any component which continues to rotate after the power is disengaged, the employer shall provide, in the immediate area, the following: (A) A readily visible or audible warning of rotation; and (B) A safety sign warning the employee to: ( 1 ( 2 (5) Electrical disconnect means. (A) Providing an exclusive, positive locking means on the main switch which can be operated only by the employee or employees performing the maintenance or servicing; or (B) In the case of material handling equipment located in a bulk storage structure, by physically locating on the equipment an electrical or mechanical means to disconnect the power. (ii) All circuit protection devices, including those which are an integral part of a motor, shall be of the manual reset type, except where: (A) The employer can establish that because of the nature of the operation, distances involved, and the amount of time normally spent by employees in the area of the affected equipment, use of the manual reset device would be infeasible; (B) There is an electrical disconnect switch available to the employee within 15 feet of the equipment upon which maintenance or service is being performed; and (C) A sign is prominently posted near each hazardous component which warns the employee that, unless the electrical disconnect switch is utilized, the motor could automatically reset while the employee is working on the hazardous component. (d) Cotton ginning equipment Power transmission components. (ii) When guarded by railings, any hazardous component within 15 horizontal inches of the rail shall be completely enclosed. Railing height shall be approximately 42 inches off the floor, platform, or other working surface, with a midrail between the toprail and the working surface. Panels made of materials conforming to the requirements in Table D-1, or equivalent, may be substituted for midrails. Guardrails shall be strong enough to withstand at least 200 pounds force on the toprail. (iii) Belts guarded by railings shall be inspected for defects at least daily. The machinery shall not be operated until all defective belts are replaced. Table D-1—Examples of Minimum Requirements for Guard Panel Materials Material Clearance from moving part at all points (in inches) Largest mesh or opening allowable (in inches) Minimum gage (U.S. standard) or thickness Woven wire Under 2 3 8 16 2 to 4 1 2 16 4 to 15 2 12 Expanded metal Under 4 1 2 18 Perforated metal Under 4 1 2 20 Sheet metal Under 4 22 4 to 15 22 Plastic Under 4 ( 1 4 to 15 ( 1 1 2 (iv) Pulleys of V-belt drives shall be completely enclosed or guarded by location whether or not railings are present. The open end of the pulley guard shall be not less than 4 inches from the periphery of the pulleys. (v) Chains and sprockets shall be completely enclosed, except that they may be guarded by location if the bearings are packed or if accessible extension lubrication fittings are used. (vi) Where complete enclosure of a component is likely to cause a fire hazard due to excessive deposits of lint, only the face section of nip-point and pulley guards is required. The guard shall extend at least 6 inches beyond the rim of the pulley on the in-running and off-running sides of the belt, and at least 2 inches from the rim and face of the pulley in all other directions. (vii) Projecting shaft ends not guarded by location shall present a smooth edge and end, shall be guarded by non-rotating caps or safety sleeves, and may not protrude more than one-half the outside diameter of the shaft. (viii) In power plants and power development rooms where access is limited to authorized personnel, guard railings may be used in place of guards or guarding by location. Authorized employees having access to power plants and power development rooms shall be instructed in the safe operation and maintenance of the equipment in accordance with paragraph (a)(6) of this section. (2) Functional components. (ii) Moving saws on lint cleaners which have doors giving access to the saws shall be guarded by fixed barrier guards or their equivalent which prevent direct finger or hand contact with the saws while the saws are in motion. (iii) An interlock shall be installed on all balers so that the upper gates cannot be opened while the tramper is operating. (iv) Top panels of burr extractors shall be hinged and equipped with a sturdy positive latch. (v) All accessible screw conveyors shall be guarded by substantial covers or gratings, or with an inverted horizontally slotted guard of the trough type, which will prevent employees from coming into contact with the screw conveyor. Such guards may consist of horizontal bars spaced so as to allow material to be fed into the conveyor, and supported by arches which are not more than 8 feet apart. Screw conveyors under gin stands shall be considered guarded by location. (3) Warning device. [41 FR 10195, Mar. 9, 1976; 41 FR 11022, Mar. 16, 1976; 41 FR 22268, June 2, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 46598, Oct. 22, 1976] Subparts E-H [Reserved] Subpart I—General Environmental Controls § 1928.110 Field sanitation. (a) Scope. (b) Definitions. Agricultural employer (i) Owns or operates an agricultural establishment; (ii) Contracts with the owner or operator of an agricultural establishment in advance of production for the purchase of a crop and exercises substantial control over production; or (iii) Recruits and supervises employees or is responsible for the management and condition of an agricultural establishment. Agricultural establishment Hand-labor operations hand-labor operations hand-labor operations Hand-labor Handwashing facility Potable water Toilet facility (c) Requirements. (1) Potable drinking water. (ii) The water shall be suitably cool and in sufficient amounts, taking into account the air temperature, humidity and the nature of the work performed, to meet the needs of all employees. (iii) The water shall be dispensed in single-use drinking cups or by fountains. The use of common drinking cups or dippers is prohibited. (2) Toilet and handwashing facilities. (ii) Toilet facilities shall be adequately ventilated, appropriately screened, have self-closing doors that can be closed and latched from the inside and shall be constructed to insure privacy. (iii) Toilet and handwashing facilities shall be accessibly located and in close proximity to each other. The facilities shall be located within a one-quarter-mile walk of each hand laborer's place of work in the field. (iv) Where due to terrain it is not feasible to locate facilities as required above, the facilities shall be located at the point of closest vehicular access. (v) Toilet and handwashing facilities are not required for employees who perform field work for a period of three (3) hours or less (including transportation time to and from the field) during the day. (3) Maintenance. (i) Drinking water containers shall be constructed of materials that maintain water quality, shall be refilled daily or more often as necessary, shall be kept covered and shall be regularly cleaned. (ii) Toilet facilities shall be operational and maintained in clean and sanitary condition. (iii) Handwashing facilities shall be refilled with potable water as necessary to ensure an adequate supply and shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition; and (iv) Disposal of wastes from facilities shall not cause unsanitary conditions. (4) Reasonable use. (i) Use the water and facilities provided for drinking, handwashing and elimination; (ii) Drink water frequently and especially on hot days; (iii) Urinate as frequently as necessary; (iv) Wash hands both before and after using the toilet; and (v) Wash hands before eating and smoking. (d) Dates Effective date. (2) Startup dates. (i) Paragraph (c)(1), to provide potable drinking water, by May 30, 1987; (ii) Paragraph (c)(2), to provide handwashing and toilet facilities, by July 30, 1987; (iii) Paragraph (c)(3), to provide maintenance for toilet and handwashing facilities, by July 30, 1987; and (iv) Paragraph (c)(4), to assure reasonable use, by July 30, 1987. [52 FR 16095, May 1, 1987, as amended at 76 FR 33612, June 8, 2011] Subparts J-L [Reserved] Subpart M—Occupational Health § 1928.1027 Cadmium. See § 1910.1027, Cadmium. [61 FR 9255, Mar. 7, 1996]