PART 1190—ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES FOR PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES IN THE PUBLIC RIGHT-OF-WAY Authority: 29 U.S.C. 792; 42 U.S.C. 12204; 42 U.S.C. 4151 et seq. Source: 88 FR 53650, Aug. 8, 2023, unless otherwise noted. § 1190.1 Accessibility Guidelines. The accessibility guidelines for pedestrian facilities in the public right-of-way are set forth in the appendix to this part. When the guidelines are adopted, with or without additions and modifications, as accessibility standards in regulations issued by other Federal agencies implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Architectural Barriers Act, compliance with the accessibility standards is mandatory. Appendix to Part 1190—Accessibility Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities in the Public Right-of-Way Chapter 1: Application and Administration R101 Purpose and Application R101.1 Purpose. pedestrian facilities public right-of-way public right-of-way accessible pedestrians R101.2 Application to ADA-Covered Facilities. pedestrian facilities public rights-of-way et seq. R101.3 Application to ABA-Covered Facilities. pedestrian facilities public rights-of-way et seq. R101.4 Effect on Existing Pedestrian Facilities. pedestrian facilities pedestrian facilities R102 Deviations From These Guidelines R102.1 ADA-Covered Facilities and Equivalent Facilitation. pedestrian facilities public right-of-way R102.2 ABA-Covered Facilities and Waivers or Modifications. pedestrian facilities public right-of-way R103 Conventions R103.1 Conventional Industry Tolerances. R103.2 Calculation of Percentages. elements elements R103.3 Units of Measurement. R104 Definitions R104.1 Undefined Terms. R104.2 Interchangeability. R104.3 Defined Terms. Accessible. pedestrian facility element public right-of-way Accessible Pedestrian Signal. pedestrian Alteration or altered. pedestrian facility developed public right-of-way pedestrian Blended Transition. curb curb ramp. Block Perimeter. streets block perimeter Boarding Platform. standard curb height Building. Crosswalk. roadway pedestrian circulation paths highway curbs, curbs, roadway, pedestrian circulation path roadway, roadway pedestrian circulation path roadway pedestrian Crosswalks Cross Slope. pedestrian Curb. street roadway pedestrian circulation path. Curb Line. curb curb street. Curb Ramp. curb. Curb ramps curb street Detectable Warning Surface. pedestrian circulation paths pedestrian facilities Developed. buildings, pedestrian facilities, roadways, elements. Element. building, pedestrian facility, public right-of-way. Grade. Running slope. Grade Break. running slopes Highway. public right-of-way. Median. roadways highway traveled way traveled way. median median Operable Part. element element, element. Parallel Curb Ramp. curb ramp running slope curb street Passenger Loading Zone. Pedestrian. Pedestrian Access Route. accessible, pedestrians pedestrian circulation path. Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices. pedestrian, Pedestrian Change Interval. Pedestrian Circulation Path. pedestrian public right-of-way. Pedestrian Facility. pedestrian public right-of-way. Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon. pedestrians street crosswalk. Pedestrian Refuge Island. pedestrian pedestrian median, splitter island, Pedestrian Signal Head. pedestrian crosswalk. Perpendicular Curb Ramp. curb ramp running slope curb street Public Right-of-Way. Push Button. pedestrians, roadway. Push Button Locator Tone. pedestrians push button pedestrian pedestrians push button. Qualified Historic Building or Facility. building Ramp. running slope pedestrian circulation path roadway grade. curb ramp ramp. Roadway. highway sidewalk, Roundabout. roadway Running Slope. pedestrian Shared Use Path. pedestrians, Shared use paths highway public right-of-way. Sidewalk. highway curb line, roadway, pedestrians. Splitter Island. median roundabout. Stair. curb stair. Standard Curb Height. curb roadway Street. Roadway. Transit Shelter. transit stop Transit Stop. boarding platforms public right-of-way. Transitional Segment. pedestrian circulation path Traveled Way. roadway sidewalk, Vibrotactile. Walk Interval. Chapter 2: Scoping Requirements R201 General R201.1 Scope. pedestrian facilities altered pedestrian facilities pedestrian public right-of-way Exception: Pedestrian facilities R201.2 Temporary and Permanent Pedestrian Facilities. pedestrian facilities elements public right-of-way. pedestrian circulation path transit stop pedestrian access route or transit stop R201.3 Buildings, Structures, and Elements. Buildings, elements public right-of-way buildings, elements R202 Alterations R202.1 General. Alterations pedestrian facilities R202.2 Connection to Pedestrian Circulation Path. pedestrian facilities altered, pedestrian access route pedestrian circulation path. transitional segment R202.3 Existing Physical Constraints. alterations, developed R202.4 Reduction in Access Prohibited. alteration pedestrian facilities elements pedestrian facility element accessible building R202.5 Alterations to Qualified Historic Facilities. qualified historic building or facility, qualified historic building or facility. R203 Pedestrian Access Routes R203.1 General. pedestrian facilities pedestrian access route, R203.2 Connection to Accessible Facilities. Pedestrian access routes accessible elements, pedestrian facilities R203.2.1 Connection to Accessible Facilities subject to the ADA. Pedestrian access routes accessible elements, pedestrian facilities accessible accessible building streets sidewalks. Exception: elements altered, pedestrian circulation path, pedestrian circulation path altered pedestrian access route R203.2.2 Connection to Accessible Facilities subject to the ABA. Pedestrian access routes accessible elements, pedestrian facilities accessible accessible building streets sidewalks. Exception: elements altered, pedestrian circulation path, pedestrian circulation path altered pedestrian access route R203.3 Pedestrian Circulation Paths. Pedestrian access routes pedestrian circulation paths, sidewalks shared use paths. Transitional segments altered pedestrian access routes pedestrian circulation paths, R203.4 Crosswalks. pedestrian access route crosswalk, medians pedestrian refuge islands. Crosswalks R203.5 Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossing. pedestrian circulation path pedestrian access route pedestrian Pedestrian R203.6 Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions. curb ramp, blended transition, curb ramps blended transition R203.6.1 Placement. curb ramps blended transition R203.6.1.1 Crosswalks at an Intersection. curb ramp blended transition crosswalk, blended transition crosswalks pedestrian curb ramps blended transitions pedestrian circulation path roadway roadway pedestrian circulation path. Exception: alterations, curb ramp R203.6.1.2 Mid-Block and Roundabout Crosswalks. roundabout crosswalk, curb ramps blended transitions crosswalk. pedestrian curb ramps blended transitions pedestrian circulation path roadway roadway pedestrian circulation path. R203.6.1.3 Parallel On-Street Parking. curb ramp blended transition pedestrian access route. R203.6.1.4 Perpendicular and Angled On-Street Parking and Passenger Loading Zones. passenger loading zones, curb ramp blended transition pedestrian access route. R203.6.2 Alterations to Crosswalks. alterations crosswalks, curb ramps blended transition crosswalk pedestrian access route curb. R203.7 Pedestrian Overpasses and Underpasses. Pedestrian pedestrian access route pedestrian ramp pedestrian facility Exception: alterations, R203.8 Ramps. ramps R203.9. Elevators and Limited Use/Limited Application Elevators. R203.10 Platform Lifts. alterations, R203.11 Doors, Doorways, and Gates. pedestrian access route R204 Alternate Pedestrian Access Routes, Transit Stops, and Passenger Loading Zones R204.1 Alternate Pedestrian Access Route. pedestrian circulation path accessible pedestrian access route Exception: pedestrian access route pedestrians R204.2 Alternate Transit Stops. accessible transit stops accessible transit stops R204.3 Alternate Passenger Loading Zones. passenger loading zone accessible passenger loading zone R205 Detectable Warning Surfaces R205.1 General. Detectable warning surfaces R205.2 Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions. Curb ramps detectable warning surfaces Blended transition detectable warning surfaces Exception: Detectable warning surfaces curb ramps blended transition passenger loading zones, accessible pedestrian access routes. R205.2.1 Curb Ramps. Curb ramps crosswalks detectable warning surfaces R205.2.2 Blended Transitions. Blended transition crosswalks detectable warning surfaces R205.3 Pedestrian Refuge Islands. pedestrian refuge islands detectable warning surfaces R205.4 Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings. Pedestrian street detectable warning surfaces Pedestrian street crosswalk detectable warning surfaces R205.5 Boarding Platforms. Boarding platform transit stops detectable warning surfaces R205.6 Sidewalk and Street-Level Rail Boarding and Alighting Areas. sidewalk street transit stops detectable warning surfaces R205.7 Driveways. Pedestrian circulation paths detectable warning surfaces R206 Pedestrian Signal Heads and Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices R206.1 General. pedestrian signal heads pedestrian activated warning devices accessible R206.2 Traffic Control Signals and Hybrid Beacons with Pedestrian Signal Heads. pedestrian signal heads crosswalks, Pedestrian signal heads pedestrian push button vibrotactile R206.3 Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices. Pedestrian activated warning devices pedestrian push buttons R207 Protruding Objects and Vertical Clearance R207.1 General. pedestrian circulation path R208 Pedestrian Signs R208.1 General. pedestrians, shared use paths, Exceptions: 2. Signs mounted immediately above or incorporated into a push button R209 Street Furniture R209.1 General. R209.2 Drinking Fountains. R209.3 Public Street Toilets. R209.3.1 Permanent Public Street Toilets. R209.3.2 Portable Toilet Units. R209.4 Tables. R209.5 Sales or Service Counters. Exception 1: building public right-of-way public right-of-way, sidewalk, Exception 2: building public right-of-way public right-of-way, sidewalk, R209.6 Benches. R209.6.1 Benches at Transit Stops and Shelters. transit stops transit shelters R209.6.2 Benches Not at Transit Stops and Shelters. R209.7 Operable Parts of Other Fixed Elements. Operable parts elements pedestrians R210 Transit Stops and Transit Shelters R210.1 General. transit stops transit shelters R210.2 Fare Vending Machines. transit stops transit shelters, R210.3. Operable Parts of Other Fixed Elements. Operable parts elements transit stops pedestrians R211 On-Street Parking Spaces R211.1 General. Exceptions: 2. On-street parking spaces designated exclusively for commercial or law enforcement vehicles shall not be required to comply with R211 and shall not be counted for purposes of Table R211. 3. Where on-street parking spaces are altered, accessible R211.2 Parking on Block Perimeter. block perimeter accessible block perimeter R211.3 Parking not on Block Perimeter. street block perimeter, accessible street Table R211 On-Street Parking Spaces Total number of Minimum required number of accessible 1 to 25 1. 26 to 50 2. 51 to 75 3. 76 to 100 4. 101 to 150 5. 151 to 200 6. 201 and over 4 percent of total. R212 Passenger Loading Zones R212.1 General. passenger loading zones transit stops accessible passenger loading zone R213 Stairs and Escalators R213.1 General. pedestrian circulation paths, stairs Stairs pedestrian access routes. R214 Handrails R214.1 General. pedestrian circulation paths, Chapter 3: Technical Requirements R301 General R301.1 Scope. R302 Pedestrian Access Routes R302.1 General. Pedestrian access routes R302.2 Continuous Clear Width. pedestrian access routes curb. R302.2.1 Medians and Pedestrian Refuge Islands. pedestrian access routes medians pedestrian refuge islands shared use paths medians pedestrian refuge islands pedestrian access route crosswalk, R302.2.2 Shared Use Paths. shared use paths, pedestrian access route pedestrian pedestrian access route R302.3 Passing Spaces. pedestrian access routes pedestrian access routes R302.4 Grade. grade pedestrian access routes grade curb ramps blended transitions grade ramps R302.4.1 Within Highway Right-of-Way. pedestrian access route highway grade pedestrian access route Exception: grade street grade pedestrian access route grade street. R302.4.2 Not Within Highway Right-of-Way. pedestrian access route highway grade pedestrian access route R302.4.3 Within a Crosswalk. pedestrian access route crosswalk, grade pedestrian access route Exception: roadway crosswalk, grade pedestrian access route crosswalk R302.5 Cross Slope. cross slope pedestrian access route R302.5.1 Not Contained Within a Crosswalk. cross slope pedestrian access route crosswalk Exception: pedestrian access route street accessible crosswalk crosswalk R302.5.2 Contained Within a Crosswalk. cross slope pedestrian access route crosswalk R302.5.2.1 Crosswalk with Yield or Stop Control Devices. pedestrian access route crosswalk cross slope pedestrian access route R302.5.2.2 Crosswalk at Uncontrolled Approach. pedestrian access route crosswalk cross slope pedestrian access route R302.5.2.3 Crosswalk with Traffic Control Signal or Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon. pedestrian access route crosswalk pedestrian hybrid beacon, cross slope pedestrian access route R302.5.2.4 Midblock and Roundabout Crosswalks. cross slope pedestrian access route crosswalk crosswalk roundabout street grade. R302.6 Surfaces. pedestrian access routes, elements, accessible R302.6.1 Grade Breaks. Grade breaks R302.6.2 Changes in Level. 1/4 1/4 1/2 1/2 R302.6.3 Horizontal Openings. 1/2 R302.6.4 Surfaces at Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings. pedestrian R302.6.4.1 Surface Alignment. pedestrian access route pedestrian access route R302.6.4.2 Flangeway Gaps. Flangeway gaps shall comply with R302.6.4.2. R302.6.4.2.1 Flangeway Gaps at Tracks Subject to FRA Safety Regulations. pedestrian R302.6.4.2.2 Flangeway Gaps at Tracks Not Subject to FRA Safety Regulations. pedestrian 1/2 R303 Alternate Pedestrian Access Routes R303.1 General. pedestrian access routes R303.2 Signs. pedestrian access routes public right-of-way pedestrian access route R303.3 Surface. pedestrian access route accessible pedestrian circulation path. R303.4 Continuous Clear Width. pedestrian access routes curb. Exception: pedestrian access route pedestrian circulation path, pedestrian circulation path. R303.5 Curb Ramp or Blended Transition. pedestrian access route curb, curb ramp blended transition R303.6 Detectable Edging of Channelizing Devices. pedestrian access route, Exception: pedestrians R303.6.1 Top. R303.6.2 Bottom. R303.7 Pedestrian Signal Heads. pedestrian signal heads crosswalk pedestrian access route, R304 Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions R304.1 General. Curb ramps blended transition detectable warning surfaces R304.2 Perpendicular Curb Ramps. Perpendicular curb ramps R304.2.1 Running Slope. running slope curb ramp grade break. running slope curb ramp Exception: curb ramp running slope, curb ramp running slope R304.2.2 Cross Slope. cross slope curb ramp Exception: crosswalks, cross slope curb ramp cross slope crosswalk R304.2.3 Grade Breaks. Grade breaks curb ramp curb ramp Grade breaks curb ramp grade breaks R304.2.4 Clear Area. grade break perpendicular curb ramp crosswalk. shared use paths, the shared use path. crosswalk. running slope cross slope R304.2.5 Landing. curb ramp pedestrian access route, curb ramp. shared use paths, shared use path. curb curb ramp cross slope curb ramp curb ramp curb ramps, cross slope crosswalk R304.2.6 Side Treatments. pedestrian circulation path curb ramp, curb ramp curb line. R304.2.7 Connection to Pedestrian Facilities. Perpendicular curb ramps pedestrian facilities pedestrian access routes transitional segment R304.3 Parallel Curb Ramps. Parallel curb ramps R304.3.1 Running Slope. running slope curb ramp Exception: curb ramp running slope, curb ramp running slope R304.3.2 Cross Slope. cross slope curb ramp R304.3.3 Grade Breaks. Grade breaks curb ramp curb ramp Grade breaks curb ramp grade breaks R304.3.4 Landings. parallel curb ramps. curb ramp roadway cross slope crosswalk cross slope curb ramp R304.4 Blended Transitions. Blended transition R304.4.1 Running Slope. running slope blended transition R304.4.2 Cross Slope. cross slope blended transition cross slope crosswalk R304.4.3 Bypass. blended transition pedestrian circulation path running slope pedestrian access route pedestrian street blended transition. R304.5 Common Requirements. Curb ramps blended transition R304.5.1 Width. curb ramp blended transition R304.5.1.1 Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions Not on Shared Use Paths. curb ramp blended transition shared use paths R304.5.1.2 Curb Ramps and Blended Transitions on Shared Use Paths. shared use paths, curb ramp blended transition shared use path. R304.5.2 Change of Grade. streets grade curb ramps blended transition grade A. The change of grade B. A transitional space shall be provided at the bottom of the running slope curb ramp blended transition. pedestrian curb ramp blended transition. running slopes cross slopes cross slope crosswalk R304.5.3 Crosswalks. Perpendicular curb ramp parallel curb ramp blended transition shared use paths, crosswalks shared use paths, perpendicular curb ramp parallel curb ramp blended transition crosswalk R304.5.4 Surfaces. curb ramps blended transitions R305 Detectable Warning Surfaces R305.1 General. Detectable warning surfaces R305.1.1 Dome Size. detectable warning surface R305.1.2 Dome Spacing. Exceptions: detectable warning surfaces 2. Dome spacing requirements do not apply at a gap in a detectable warning surface detectable warning surface R305.1.3 Contrast. Detectable warning surfaces R305.1.4 Surface Size. Detectable warning surfaces pedestrian detectable warning surfaces A. At curb ramps blended transition detectable warning surfaces curb ramp blended transition, B. At cut-through pedestrian refuge islands, detectable warning surfaces pedestrian circulation path C. At pedestrian street, detectable warning surfaces pedestrian circulation path. D. Where required at boarding platform detectable warning surfaces E. At boarding and alighting areas at sidewalk street transit stops transit stop. R305.2 Location. detectable warning surfaces detectable warning surface, detectable warning surface detectable warning surface R305.2.1 Perpendicular Curb Ramps. perpendicular curb ramps, detectable warning surfaces A. Where the ends of the bottom grade break curb curb, detectable warning surface curb curb. B. Where the ends of the bottom grade break curb curb grade break curb curb detectable warning surface ramp grade break. C. Where the ends of the bottom grade break curb curb grade break curb curb detectable warning surface detectable warning surfaces curb curb. R305.2.2 Parallel Curb Ramps. parallel curb ramps, detectable warning surfaces curb curb. R305.2.3 Blended Transitions. blended transition detectable warning surfaces blended transition detectable warning surfaces curb curb. R305.2.4 Pedestrian Refuge Islands. pedestrian refuge islands, detectable warning surfaces pedestrian refuge island curb detectable warning surfaces. R305.2.5 Pedestrian At-Grade Rail Crossings. pedestrian street, detectable warning surfaces detectable warning surface pedestrian detectable warning surfaces Pedestrian detectable warning surfaces. R305.2.6 Boarding Platforms. boarding platform detectable warning surfaces Exception: curb detectable warning surface curb. R305.2.7 Sidewalk and Street-Level Rail Boarding and Alighting Areas. sidewalk street transit stops detectable warning surfaces R305.2.8 Driveways. detectable warning surfaces pedestrian circulation path pedestrian circulation path R306 Crosswalks R306.1 General. Crosswalks R306.2 Pedestrian Signal Phase Timing. pedestrian pedestrian pedestrian pedestrian pedestrian push button pedestrian refuge island traveled way. walk interval pedestrian pedestrian refuge island, pedestrian push button pedestrian refuge island. Exception: pedestrian pedestrian pedestrian's crosswalk, R306.3 Accessible Walk Indication. accessible walk interval. Exception: pedestrian accessible walk interval. pedestrian accessible walk interval pedestrian change interval, accessible R306.4 Roundabouts. pedestrian circulation paths roundabouts, R306.4.1 Edge Detection. street pedestrian circulation path roadway roundabout curb, curb. Detectable warning surfaces roundabout R306.4.1.1 Separation. pedestrian pedestrian circulation path curb, crosswalk crosswalk, R306.4.1.2 Vertical Edge Treatment. pedestrian curb pedestrian circulation path street pedestrian circulation path, crosswalk crosswalk. pedestrian circulation path. R306.4.2 Crosswalk Treatments. roundabout crosswalk crosswalk pedestrian signal head; pedestrian hybrid beacon; pedestrian R306.5 Channelized Turn Lanes. Crosswalks pedestrian signal head; pedestrian hybrid beacon; pedestrian R307 Pedestrian Push Buttons and Passive Pedestrian Detection R307.1 General. Pedestrian push buttons pedestrian Operable parts pedestrian push buttons R307.2 Activation. Pedestrian push buttons accessible pedestrian signals walk interval. R307.3 Extended Push Button Press. push button push button pedestrian accessible push button pedestrian accessible R307.4 Location. Pedestrian push buttons curb ramp crosswalk Pedestrian push buttons curb R307.4.1 Two Pedestrian Push Buttons on Same Corner. pedestrian push buttons Exception: alterations, pedestrian push buttons pedestrian push button R307.5 Push Button Orientation. push button crosswalk. R307.6 Audible and Vibrotactile Walk Indications for Pedestrian Signal Heads. Pedestrian push buttons vibrotactile R307.7 Audible and Vibrotactile Indication for Pedestrian Activated Warning Devices Without a Walk Indication. pedestrian push button pedestrian activated warning devices, pedestrian push button pedestrian push button vibrotactile walk interval. R307.8 Locator Tone. Pedestrian push buttons R307.8.1 Duration. Exception: pedestrian pedestrian push button. R307.8.2 Locator Tone in Response to Ambient Sound. Pedestrian push button locator tones push button, building push button locator tone R307.8.3 Locator Tone and Audible Beaconing. push button locator tone pedestrian change interval pedestrian A. The louder audible walk indication and louder locator tone comes from the far end of the crosswalk, pedestrians street; B. The louder locator tone comes from both ends of the crosswalk; C. The louder locator tone comes from an additional speaker that is aimed at the center of the crosswalk pedestrian signal head. R307.8.4 Locator Tone and Traffic Control Signal in Flashing Mode. pedestrian push button locator tones pedestrian push button pedestrian hybrid beacons pedestrian R307.9 Tactile Arrow. Pedestrian push buttons crosswalks. R308 Accessible Pedestrian Signal Walk Indications R308.1 General. Accessible pedestrian signal R308.2 Audible and Vibrotactile Walk Indications. Accessible pedestrian signal vibrotactile walk interval crosswalk. vibrotactile pedestrian change interval, accessible pedestrian signal pedestrian push button locator tone. R308.3 Audible Walk Indications. R308.3.1 Percussive Tone. accessible pedestrian signal accessible pedestrian signal R308.3.2 Speech Walk Message. alterations, pedestrian push buttons R308.3.2.1 Speech Information Message when Walk Interval is Not Timing. push button accessible pedestrian push button walk interval R308.3.2.2 Speech Walk Message during Pedestrian Phasing Concurrent with Vehicular Phasing. pedestrian R308.3.2.3 Speech Walk Message during Exclusive Pedestrian Phasing. pedestrian R308.3.2.4 Speech Walk Message and Pilot Light. accessible pedestrian signal R308.4 Volume. Exception: push button R308.5 Vibrotactile Walk Indication. pedestrian push button walk interval. R309 Transit Stops and Transit Shelters R309.1 Transit Stops. Transit stops R309.1.1 Boarding and Alighting Areas. sidewalk street transit stops accessible R309.1.1.1 Dimensions. curb street street. R309.1.1.2 Slope. street grade street. street R309.1.2 Boarding Platforms. Boarding platform transit stops R309.1.2.1 Platform and Vehicle Floor Coordination. Boarding platform R309.1.2.2 Slope. boarding platform street grade street. slope boarding platform street R309.1.3 Common Requirements. boarding platform R309.1.3.1 Surfaces. boarding platform R309.1.3.2 Connection to Existing Pedestrian Circulation Paths. alterations, boarding platform pedestrian circulation paths pedestrian access routes R309.2 Transit Shelters. Transit shelters R309.2.1 Connection to Boarding and Alighting Areas. Transit shelters pedestrian access routes boarding platform R309.2.2 Clear Space. Transit shelters transit shelters, R309.2.3 Environmental Controls. transit shelters R309.2.4 Protruding Objects. transit shelters R310 On-Street Parking Spaces R310.1 General. R310.2 Parallel On-Street Parking Spaces. R310.2.1 Dimensions. traveled way. Exceptions: altered pedestrian circulation path accessible crosswalk crosswalk, curb ramp blended transition crosswalk. 2. In alterations, curb line accessible crosswalk crosswalk, curb ramp blended transition crosswalk. R310.2.2 Pedestrian Access Route Connection. pedestrian access routes. curb ramp blended transitions accessible accessible pedestrian access route. Curb ramps blended transitions Detectable warning surfaces curb ramps blended transitions accessible pedestrian access routes. Exception: alterations, curb ramp blended transition crosswalk pedestrian circulation path R310.2.3 Surfaces. R310.2.4 Clearance Adjacent to Parking Spaces. sidewalk, accessible R310.2.5 Identification. R310.3 Perpendicular Parking Spaces. R310.3.1 Access Aisles. R310.4 Angled Parking Spaces. Accessible R310.4.1 Width. R310.4.2 Access Aisles. R310.5 Common Requirements for Perpendicular and Angled Parking Spaces. R310.5.1 Access Aisle Markings. R310.5.2 Access Aisle Location. traveled way. R310.5.3 Pedestrian Access Route Connection. pedestrian access routes. curb ramps blended transitions Curb ramps blended transitions detectable warning surface curb ramp blended transition pedestrian access routes. Exception: alterations, pedestrian circulation path R310.5.4 Surfaces. R310.5.5 Identification. R310.6 Parking Meters and Parking Pay Stations. accessible operable parts R311 Passenger Loading Zones R311.1 General. Accessible passenger loading zones R311.2 Vehicle Pull-Up Space. Accessible passenger loading zones R311.3 Access Aisle. traveled way. R311.3.1 Clearance Adjacent to Passenger Loading Zone. sidewalk, accessible passenger loading zone R311.3.2 Marking. R311.4 Surfaces. R311.5 Pedestrian Access Route Connection. pedestrian access routes. curb ramps blended transition Detectable warning surfaces curb ramps blended transitions pedestrian access routes. Exception: alterations, pedestrian circulation path Chapter 4: Supplemental Technical Requirements R401 General R401.1 Scope. R402 Protruding Objects and Vertical Clearance R402.1 General. R402.2 Protrusion Limits. pedestrian circulation paths. Exception: 1/2 R402.3 Post-Mounted Objects. Exception: stairs ramps R402.3.1 Objects Mounted on Single Post or Pylon. pedestrian circulation path 1/2 R402.3.2 Objects Mounted Between Posts or Pylons. Exception: R402.4 Vertical Clearance. pedestrian R402.5 Required Clear Width. pedestrian access routes. R403 Operable Parts R403.1 General. Operable parts R403.2 Clear Space. operable parts. R403.3 Height. Operable parts R403.4 Operation. Operable parts operable parts R404 Clear Spaces R404.1 General. R404.2 Surfaces. Exception: grade pedestrian access route pedestrian access route. R404.3 Size. R404.4 Knee and Toe Clearance. R404.5 Position. element, element. curb ramp R404.6 Approach. pedestrian access route R404.7 Maneuvering Clearance. R404.7.1 Forward Approach. element. R404.7.2 Parallel Approach. element. R405 Knee and Toe Clearance R405.1 General. element element R405.2 Toe Clearance. R405.2.1 General. element R405.2.2 Maximum Depth. element. R405.2.3 Minimum Required Depth. element element. R405.2.4 Additional Clearance. R405.2.5 Width. R405.3 Knee Clearance. R405.3.1 General. element R405.3.2 Maximum Depth. element R405.3.3 Minimum Required Depth. element R405.3.4 Clearance Reduction. R405.3.5 Width. R406 Reach Ranges R406.1 General. R406.2 Reach Range Limits. R406.3 Obstructions. R406.3.1 Forward Reach. element, element R406.3.2 Side Reach. element, element R407 Ramps R407.1 General. Ramps curb ramps pedestrian access routes grade street R407.2 Running Slope. running slope ramp R407.3 Cross Slope. cross slope ramp R407.4 Clear Width. ramp Exception: ramp building ramp R407.5 Rise. ramp R407.6 Landings. Ramps ramp R407.6.1 Slope. ramp running slope. R407.6.2 Width. ramp R407.6.3 Length. R407.6.4 Change in Direction. Ramps R407.7 Surfaces. ramp R407.8 Handrails. Ramp R407.9 Edge Protection. ramp ramp pedestrian circulation path. R407.9.1 Extended Ramp Surface. ramp R407.9.2 Curb or Barrier. curb ramp run R408 Stairs R408.1 General. Stairs R408.2 Treads and Risers. stairs R408.3 Open Risers. R408.4 Tread Surface. Stair Exception: R408.5 Nosings. 1/2 1/2 R408.6 Visual Contrast. R408.7 Handrails. Stairs R409 Handrails R409.1 General. ramps stairs, pedestrian circulation paths curb ramps. R409.2 Where Required. ramps stairs. R409.3 Continuity. ramp stair ramps stairs ramp stair R409.4 Height. ramp stair ramp stair R409.5 Clearance. 1/2 R409.6 Gripping Surface. 1/2 R409.7 Cross Section. R409.7.1 Circular Cross Section. 1/4 R409.7.2 Non-Circular Cross Section. 1/4 1/4 R409.8 Surfaces. elements R409.9 Fittings. R409.10 Handrail Extensions. ramp stair roadway or pedestrian circulation path. alterations, pedestrian access route, pedestrian access route. Exception: ramps stairs. R409.10.1 Top and Bottom Extension at Ramps. Ramp ramp ramp R409.10.2 Top Extension at Stairs. stair stair R409.10.3 Bottom Extension at Stairs. stair stair stair R410 Visual Characters on Signs R410.1 General. R410.2 Finish and Contrast. R410.3 Case. R410.4 Style. R410.5 Character Proportions. R410.6 Character Height. R410.6 Visual Character Height Height to finish surface from Horizontal viewing Minimum character height 40 inches (1015 mm) to less than or equal to 70 inches (1780 mm) Less than 72 inches (1830 mm) 5/8 inch (16 mm). 40 inches (1015 mm) to less than or equal to 70 inches (1780 mm) 72 inches (1830 mm) and greater 5/8 inch (16 mm), plus 1 8 Greater than 70 inches (1780 mm) to less than or equal to 120 inches (3050 mm) Less than 180 inches (4570 mm) 2 inches (51 mm). Greater than 70 inches (1780 mm) to less than or equal to 120 inches (3050 mm) 180 inches (4570 mm) and greater 2 inches (51 mm), plus 1 8 Greater than 120 inches (3050 mm) Less than 21 feet (6400 mm) 3 inches (75 mm). Greater than 120 inches (3050 mm) 21 feet (6400 mm) and greater 3 inches (75 mm), plus 1 8 R410.7 Stroke Thickness. R410.8 Character Spacing. R410.9 Line Spacing. R410.10 Height from Ground Surface. R411 International Symbol of Accessibility R411.1 General. R411.2 Finish and Contrast. Figure R411—International Symbol of Accessibility