40 CFR Part 600 — Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Exhaust Emissions of Motor Vehicles

PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES Authority: 49 U.S.C. 32901—23919q, Pub. L. 109-58. Source: 41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted. Subpart A—General Provisions § 600.001 General applicability. (a) The provisions of this part apply to 2008 and later model year automobiles that are not medium duty passenger vehicles (MDPV FE FE (b) The provisions of subparts A, D, and F of this part are optional through the 2011 model year in the following cases: (1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirements of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles. (2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart. (c) Unless stated otherwise, references to fuel economy or fuel economy data in this part shall also be interpreted to mean the related exhaust emissions of CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 4 (d) The model year of initial applicability for sections in this part is indicated by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first model year for which a section is applicable. An individual section continues to apply for later model years until it is replaced by a different section that applies starting in a later model year. Sections that have no two-digit suffix apply for all 2008 and later model year vehicles, except as noted in those sections. If a section has a two-digit suffix but the regulation references that section without including the two-digit suffix, this refers to the section applicable for the appropriate model year. This also applies for references to part 86 of this chapter. As an example, § 600.113-08 applies to the 2008 and subsequent model years until § 600.113-12 is applicable beginning with the 2012 model year. Section 600.111-08 would then apply only for 2008 through 2011 model year vehicles. (e) The term “you” in this part refers to manufacturers subject to the requirements of this part. (f) Unless we specify otherwise, send all reports and requests for approval to the Designated Compliance Officer (see § 600.002). [76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28200, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7768, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.002 Definitions. The following definitions apply throughout this part: 3-bag FTP 4-bag FTP 5-cycle Administrator Alcohol Alcohol-fueled automobile Alcohol dual fuel automobile (1) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with § 600.510-08(g)(1) or § 600.510-12(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538. Alternative fuel (1) Methanol. (2) Denatured ethanol. (3) Other alcohols. (4) A mixture containing at least 85 percent (or an alternative percentage as specified by the Secretary of Transportation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(b)) of methanol, denatured ethanol, and other alcohols by volume with gasoline or other fuels. (5) Natural gas. (6) Liquefied petroleum gas. (7) Hydrogen. (8) Coal derived liquid fuels. (9) Fuels (except alcohol) derived from biological materials. (10) Electricity (including electricity from solar energy). (11) Any other fuel the Secretary of Transportation prescribes by regulation under 49 U.S.C. 32901(a)(1)(K). Automobile Auxiliary emission control device Average fuel economy Axle ratio Base level Base tire Base vehicle Basic engine Battery configuration Body style i.e., Calibration Carbon-related exhaust emissions (CREE) 2 Car line Certification vehicle City fuel economy Cold temperature FTP Combined fuel economy (1) The fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45, respectively. (2) For electric vehicles, for the purpose of calculating average fuel economy pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart F, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure promulgated by the Secretary of Energy. For the purpose of labeling pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart D, the term means the fuel economy value as determined by the procedures specified in § 600.116-12. Dealer Derived 5-cycle fuel economy Derived 5-cycle CO 2 2 Designated Compliance Officer [email protected]; www.epa.gov/ve-certification Diesel gallon equivalent Drive system Dual fueled automobile (1) Which is designed to operate on an alternative fuel and on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with § 600.510-08(g)(1) or § 600.510-12(g)(1) while operating on the alternative fuel as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538. Electrical charging system Electric traction motor Electric vehicle Emergency vehicle Energy storage device Engine code (1) For LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE engine code engine code (2) For MDV, engine code Federal emission test procedure FTP-based city fuel economy Fuel (1) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; or (2) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or (3) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or (4) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles; or (5) Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), commonly referred to as “propane,” for LPG-powered automobiles; or (6) Hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell automobiles and for automobiles equipped with hydrogen internal combustion engines. Fuel cell Fuel cell vehicle Fuel economy (1) The average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as calculated in this part; or (2) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart F, fuel economy for electrically powered automobiles means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy as determined by the Secretary of Energy in accordance with the provisions of 10 CFR 474. For the purpose of labeling pursuant to the provisions of part 600, subpart D, the term means the fuel economy value as determined by the procedures specified in § 600.116-12. Fuel economy data vehicle Gasoline gallon equivalent Good engineering judgment Gross vehicle weight rating Hatchback i.e., Highway fuel economy Highway fuel economy test procedure HFET-based fuel economy Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Independent Commercial Importer Inertia weight class Label Light truck FE Medium-duty passenger vehicle (MDPV FE ) (1) Is an “incomplete truck,” meaning any truck which does not have the primary load carrying device or container attached when it is first sold as a vehicle; or (2) Has a seating capacity of more than 12 persons; or (3) Is designed for more than 9 persons in seating rearward of the driver's seat; or (4) Is equipped with an open cargo area (for example, a pick-up truck box or bed) of 72.0 inches in interior length or more. A covered box not readily accessible from the passenger compartment will be considered an open cargo area for purposes of this definition. (See paragraph (1) of the definition of medium-duty passenger vehicle at 40 CFR 86.1803-01). Minivan Model type Model year Motor controller Natural gas-fueled automobile Natural gas dual fuel automobile (1) Which is designed to operate on natural gas and on gasoline or diesel fuel; (2) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in § 600.510-08(g)(1) while operating on natural gas as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (3) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538. Non-passenger automobile Passenger automobile Pickup truck Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) Production volume QR Code Round SC03 Secretary of Energy Secretary of Transportation Sport utility vehicle Station wagon Subconfiguration (1) For LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE subconfiguration 2 (2) For MDV, subconfiguration 2 Test weight Track width Transmission class e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., e.g., Transmission configuration Ultimate consumer US06 US06-City US06-Highway Usable fuel storage capacity Van Vehicle configuration (1) For LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE vehicle configuration (2) For MDV, vehicle configuration means a subclassification within a test group based on a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, transmission type and gear ratios, final drive ratio, and other parameters we designate. Vehicle-specific 5-cycle CO 2 2 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy We (us, our) Wheelbase [76 FR 39524, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63178, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28200, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7768, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.003 Abbreviations. The abbreviations and acronyms used in this part have the same meaning as those in part 86 of this chapter, with the addition of the following: (a) “MPG” or “mpg” means miles per gallon. This may be used to generally describe fuel economy as a quantity, or it may be used as the units associated with a particular value. (b) MPGe means miles per gallon equivalent. This is generally used to quantify a fuel economy value for vehicles that use a fuel other than gasoline. The value represents miles the vehicle can drive with the energy equivalent of one gallon of gasoline. (c) SCF means standard cubic feet. (d) SUV means sport utility vehicle. (e) CREE means carbon-related exhaust emissions. [76 FR 39527, July 6, 2011] § 600.005 Maintenance of records and rights of entry. The provisions of this section are applicable to all fuel economy data vehicles. Certification vehicles are required to meet the provisions of § 86.1844 of this chapter. (a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish, maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed records: (1) General records. (ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle. (iii) A copy of the information required to be submitted under § 600.006 fulfills the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (2) Individual records. (i) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its engine, drive train, fuel system, emission control system components, exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should describe the steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. (ii) A complete record of all emission tests performed under part 86 of this chapter, all fuel economy tests performed under this part 600 (except tests actually performed by EPA personnel), and all electric vehicle tests performed according to procedures promulgated by DOE, including all individual worksheets and other documentation relating to each such test or exact copies thereof; the date, time, purpose, and location of each test; the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle when the tests began and ended; and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the tests. (iii) A description of mileage accumulated since selection of buildup of such vehicles including the date and time of each mileage accumulation listing both the mileage accumulated and the name of each driver, or each operator of the automatic mileage accumulation device, if applicable. Additionally, a description of mileage accumulated prior to selection or buildup of such vehicle must be maintained in such detail as is available. (iv) If used, the record of any devices employed to record the speed or mileage, or both, of the test vehicle in relationship to time. (v) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing performed, within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing under this part, giving the date and time of the maintenance or service, the reason for it, the person authorizing it, and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the maintenance or service. A copy of the maintenance information to be submitted under § 600.006 fulfills the requirements of this paragraph (a)(2)(v). (vi) A brief description of any significant events affecting the vehicle during any of the period covered by the history not described in an entry under one of the previous headings including such extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or driver speeding citations or warnings. (3) Keeping records. (b)(1) Any manufacturer who has supplied fuel economy data to meet the requirements of this part shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer during operating hours upon presentation of credentials at any of the following: (i) Any facility where any fuel economy tests from which data are submitted or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are performed. (ii) Any facility where any new motor vehicle which is being, was, or is to be tested is present. (iii) Any facility where any construction process used in the modification or buildup of a vehicle into a fuel economy data vehicle is taking place or has taken place. (iv) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any of the above is located. (2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall allow any EPA Enforcement Officer: (i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of procedures, activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, monitoring vehicle preconditioning; emission and fuel economy tests and mileage accumulation; maintenance; vehicle soak and storage procedures; and to verify correlation of calibration of test equipment; (ii) To inspect and make copies of any required records, designs, or other documents; and (iii) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any fuel economy vehicle and any components to be used in the construction thereof. (3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer will be furnished, by those in charge of facility being inspected, with such reasonable assistance as may be required to help discharge any function listed in this paragraph (b). Each manufacturer is required to have those in charge of the facility furnish such reasonable assistance without charge to EPA whether or not the manufacturer controls the facility. (4) The duty to admit any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be applicable whether or not the manufacturer owns or controls the facility in question and is applicable to both domestic and foreign manufacturers and facilities. An EPA Enforcement Officer will not attempt to make any inspections which the officer has been informed are in contravention of any law. However, if local law makes it impossible for the EPA Enforcement Officer to verify or to ensure the accuracy of data generated at a facility such that no informed judgment can properly be made as to the accuracy or reliability of data generated by or obtained for the facility, then a vehicle or data from that vehicle shall not be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part (unless the Administrator is otherwise convinced of the accuracy and reliability of such data). (5) For purposes of this paragraph (b): (i) “Presentation of credentials” means display of the document designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer. (ii) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities are concerned, “operating hours” shall mean all times during which personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or facility and have access to it. (iii) For facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section, the term, “operating hours” will mean all times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during which testing, maintenance, mileage accumulation, production or compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to fuel economy testing, or to vehicle manufacturer or assembly, is being carried out in a facility. (iv) “Reasonable assistance” means providing timely and unobstructed access to and opportunity for the copying of any record, book, paper, or document required to be maintained under this section and providing timely and unobstructed access to any motor vehicle, testing facility, or testing equipment. (v) Any entry without 24 hours prior written or oral notification to the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement. [45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980, as amended at 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39527, July 6, 2011] § 600.006 Data and information requirements for fuel economy data vehicles. (a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle: (i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust emission levels, and test fuel property values as specified in § 600.113-08. (ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration. (iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle for which data are submitted: (A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures; (B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed; and (C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards. (2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request: (i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (ii) In the case of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (iv) In the case of electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and hybrid electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2) (iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced. (c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data: (1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter (other than those chosen in accordance with the provisions related to durability demonstration in § 86.1829 of this chapter or in-use verification testing in § 86.1845 of this chapter), the FTP, highway, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP fuel economy results, as applicable, from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (3) For diesel vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter, data from a cold temperature FTP, performed in accordance with § 600.111-08(e), using the fuel specified in § 600.107-08(c). (4) For all vehicles tested in paragraph (c)(1) through (3) of this section, the individual fuel economy results measured on a per-phase basis, that is, the individual phase results for all sample phases of the FTP, cold temperature FTP and US06 tests. (5) Starting with the 2012 model year, the data submitted according to paragraphs (c)(1) through (4) of this section shall include total HC, CO, CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 4 (d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling). (e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy and CO 2 2 2 2 e.g., 2 (f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in § 86.1844-01 of this chapter, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities. (g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy calculations in subpart F for the classes of automobiles within the categories identified in paragraphs of § 600.510(a)(1) through (4). The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g)(3) or (4) of this section as applicable. (2) [Reserved] (3)(i) The manufacturer shall adjust all fuel economy test data generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation: FE 4,000mi T −6 −1 Where: FE 4,000mi FE T mi = System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile. (ii)(A) The manufacturer shall adjust all CO 2 ADJ 4,000mi −6 Where: ADJ 4,000mi 2 TEST = Tested emissions value of CO 2 mi = System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile. (B) Emissions test values and results used and determined in the calculations in this paragraph (g)(3)(ii) shall be rounded in accordance with § 86.1837 of this chapter as applicable. Round results to the nearest gram per mile. (4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data. (5) The Administrator may specify a different adjustment calculation for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles to allow for properly characterizing the fuel economy and emissions of these vehicles. [71 FR 77929, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25702, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39528, July 6, 2011; 91 FR 7768, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.007 Vehicle acceptability. (a) All certification vehicles and other vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 of this chapter (other than those chosen under the durability-demonstration provisions in § 86.1829 of this chapter), are considered to have met the requirements of this section. (b) Any vehicle not meeting the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section must be judged acceptable by the Administrator under this section in order for the test results to be reviewed for use in subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator will judge the acceptability of a fuel economy data vehicle on the basis of the information supplied by the manufacturer under § 600.006(b). The criteria to be met are: (1) A fuel economy data vehicle may have accumulated not more than 10,000 miles. A vehicle will be considered to have met this requirement if the engine and drivetrain have accumulated 10,000 or fewer miles. The Administrator may specify a different maximum value for electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles that allows for the necessary operation for properly evaluating and characterizing those vehicles under this part. The components installed for a fuel economy test are not required to be the ones with which the mileage was accumulated, e.g., axles, transmission types, and tire sizes may be changed. The Administrator will determine if vehicle/engine component changes are acceptable. (2) A vehicle may be tested in different vehicle configurations by change of vehicle components, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or by testing in different inertia weight classes. Also, a single vehicle may be tested under different test conditions, i.e., (3) The mileage on a fuel economy data vehicle must be, to the extent possible, accumulated according to § 86.1831 of this chapter. (4) Each fuel economy data vehicle must meet the same exhaust emission standards as certification vehicles of the respective engine-system combination during the test in which the fuel economy test results are generated. This may be demonstrated using one of the following methods: (i) The deterioration factors established for the respective engine-system combination per § 86.1841 of this chapter as applicable will be used; or (ii) The fuel economy data vehicle will be equipped with aged emission control components according to the provisions of § 86.1823 of this chapter. (5) The calibration information submitted under § 600.006(b) must be representative of the vehicle configuration for which the fuel economy and CO 2 (6) Any vehicle tested for fuel economy or CO 2 (7) For vehicles imported under § 85.1509 or § 85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), (c)(2) or (d) of this chapter (when applicable), only the following requirements must be met: (i) For vehicles imported under § 85.1509 of this chapter, a highway fuel economy value must be generated contemporaneously with the emission tests used for purposes of demonstrating compliance with § 85.1509 of this chapter. No modifications or adjustments should be made to the vehicles between the highway fuel economy, FTP, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP tests. (ii) For vehicles imported under § 85.1509 or § 85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), or (c)(2) of this chapter (when applicable) with over 10,000 miles, the equation in § 600.006(g)(3) shall be used as though only 10,000 miles had been accumulated. (iii) Any required fuel economy testing must take place after any safety modifications are completed for each vehicle as required by regulations of the Department of Transportation. (iv) Every vehicle imported under § 85.1509 or § 85.1511(b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(1), or (c)(2) of this chapter (when applicable) must be considered a separate type for the purposes of calculating a fuel economy label for a manufacturer's average fuel economy. (c) If, based on review of the information submitted under § 600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data vehicle meets the requirements of this section, the fuel economy data vehicle will be judged to be acceptable and fuel economy data from that fuel economy data vehicle will be reviewed pursuant to § 600.008. (d) If, based on the review of the information submitted under § 600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data vehicle does not meet the requirements of this section, the Administrator will reject that fuel economy data vehicle and inform the manufacturer of the rejection in writing. (e) If, based on a review of the emission data for a fuel economy data vehicle, submitted under § 600.006(b), or emission data generated by a vehicle tested under § 600.008(e), the Administrator finds an indication of non-compliance with section 202 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. (1) The Administrator may, under the provisions of § 86.1830 of this chapter, request the manufacturer to submit production vehicles of the configuration(s) specified by the Administrator for testing to determine to what extent emission noncompliance of a production vehicle configuration or of a group of production vehicle configurations may actually exist. (2) If the Administrator determines, as a result of his investigation, that substantial emission non-compliance is exhibited by a production vehicle configuration or group of production vehicle configurations, he may proceed with respect to the vehicle configuration(s) as provided under section 206 or 207, as applicable, of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. (f) All vehicles used to generate fuel economy data, and for which emission standards apply, must be covered by a certificate of conformity under part 86 of this chapter before: (1) The data may be used in the calculation of any approved general or specific label value, or (2) The data will be used in any calculations under subpart F, except that vehicles imported under §§ 85.1509 and 85.1511 of this chapter need not be covered by a certificate of conformity. [71 FR 77930, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7769, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.008 Review of fuel economy and CO 2 (a) Testing by the Administrator. (ii) The evaluations, testing, and test data described in this section pertaining to fuel economy shall also be performed for CO 2 2 2 (2) Retesting and official data determination. For any vehicles selected for confirmatory testing under the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Administrator will follow this procedure: (i) The manufacturer's fuel economy data (or harmonically averaged data if more than one test was conducted) will be compared with the results of the Administrator's test. (ii) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the comparison in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section indicates a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the test or tests as applicable. (A) The manufacturer's average test results and the results of the Administrator's first test will be compared with the results of the Administrator's second test as in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section. (B) If, in the Administrator's judgment, both comparisons in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(A) of this section, indicate a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the applicable test or tests until: ( 1 ( 2 (iii) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of manufacturer's average test results with a test by the Administrator, the test values generated by the Administrator will be used to represent the vehicle. (iv) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator, the harmonic averages of the fuel economy results from those tests will be used to represent the vehicle. (v) If the situation in paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(B)( 2 (b) Manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing. (i) The vehicle configuration has previously failed an emission standard; (ii) The test exhibits high emission levels determined by exceeding a percentage of the standards specified by the Administrator for that model year; (2) If the Administrator selects the vehicle for confirmatory testing based on the manufacturer's original test results, the testing shall be conducted as ordered by the Administrator. In this case, the manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing specified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section would not be required. (3) The manufacturer shall conduct a retest of the FTP or highway test if the difference between the fuel economy of the confirmatory test and the original manufacturer's test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage to be applied consistently to all manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator). (i) The manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a retest, accept the lower of the original and confirmatory test fuel economy results for use in subpart C or F of this part. (ii) The manufacturer shall conduct a second retest of the FTP or highway test if the fuel economy difference between the second confirmatory test and the original manufacturer test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator) and the fuel economy difference between the second confirmatory test and the first confirmatory test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator). The manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a second retest, accept the lowest of the original test, the first confirmatory test, and the second confirmatory test fuel economy results for use in subpart C or F of this part. (4) The Administrator may request the manufacturer to conduct a retest of the US06, SC03 or Cold Temperature FTP on the basis of fuel economy that is higher than expected as specified in criteria provided by the Administrator. Such retests shall not be required before the 2011 model year. (c) Review of fuel economy data. (2) If testing was conducted by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, the data from this testing, together with all other fuel economy data submitted for that vehicle under § 600.006(c) or (e) will be evaluated by the Administrator for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (c)(1) of this section. (i) The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (ii) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP test data will be considered separately. (iii) If more than one test was conducted, the Administrator may select an individual test result or the harmonic average of selected test results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. (3) If confirmatory testing was conducted by the manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, the data from this testing will be evaluated by the Administrator for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (c)(1) of this section. (i) The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (ii) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP test data will be considered separately. (iii) If more than one test was conducted, the Administrator may select an individual test result or the harmonic average of selected test results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. (4) If no confirmatory testing was conducted by either the Administrator or the manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (a) and (b) of this section, respectively, then the data submitted under the provisions of § 600.006(c) or (e) shall be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (i) City, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP test data will be considered separately. (ii) If more than one test was conducted, the harmonic average of the test results shall be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (d) If, based on a review of the fuel economy data generated by testing under paragraph (a) of this section, the Administrator determines that an unacceptable level of correlation exists between fuel economy data generated by a manufacturer and fuel economy data generated by the Administrator, he/she may reject all fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer until the cause of the discrepancy is determined and the validity of the data is established by the manufacturer. (e)(1) If, based on the results of an inspection conducted under § 600.005(b) or any other information, the Administrator has reason to believe that the manufacturer has not followed proper testing procedures or that the testing equipment is faulty or improperly calibrated, or if records do not exist that will enable him to make a finding of proper testing, the Administrator may notify the manufacturer in writing of his finding and require the manufacturer to: (i) Submit the test vehicle(s) upon which the data are based or additional test vehicle(s) at a place he may designate for the purpose of fuel economy testing. (ii) Conduct such additional fuel economy testing as may be required to demonstrate that prior fuel economy test data are reasonable and representative. (2) Previous acceptance by the Administrator of any fuel economy test data submitted by the manufacturer shall not limit the Administrator's right to require additional testing under paragraph (e)(1) of this section. (3) If, based on tests required under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the Administrator determines that any fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer and used to calculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average was unrepresentative, the Administrator may recalculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average based on fuel economy data that he/she deems representative. (4) A manufacturer may request a hearing as provided in § 600.009 if the Administrator decides to recalculate the manufacturer's average pursuant to determinations made relative to this section. [71 FR 77931, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39529, July 6, 2011; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7769, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.009 Hearing on acceptance of test data. (a) The manufacturer may request a hearing on the Administrator's decision if the Administrator rejects any of the following: (1) The use of a manufacturer's fuel economy data vehicle, in accordance with § 600.008(e) or (g), or (2) The use of fuel economy data, in accordance with § 600.008(c), or (f), or (3) The determination of a vehicle configuration, in accordance with § 600.206(a), or (4) The identification of a car line, in accordance with § 600.002, or (5) The fuel economy label values determined by the manufacturer under § 600.312-08(a), then: (b) The request for a hearing must be filed in writing within 30 days after being notified of the Administrator's decision. The request must be signed by an authorized representative of the manufacturer and include a statement specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, with data in support of such objection. (c) If, after the review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises one or more substantial factual issues, the Administrator shall provide the manufacturer with a hearing in accordance with the provisions of 40 CFR part 1068, subpart G. (d) A manufacturer's use of any fuel economy data which the manufacturer challenges pursuant to this section shall not constitute final acceptance by the manufacturer nor prejudice the manufacturer in the exercise of any appeal pursuant to this section challenging such fuel economy data. [76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011] § 600.010 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements. (a) Unless otherwise exempted from specific emission compliance requirements, for each certification vehicle defined in this part, and for each vehicle tested according to the emission test procedures in part 86 of this chapter for addition of a model after certification or approval of a running change (§ 86.1842 of this chapter, as applicable): (1) The manufacturer shall generate FTP fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. (2) The manufacturer shall generate highway fuel economy data by: (i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or (ii) Using an analytical technique, as described in § 600.006(e). (3) The manufacturer shall generate US06 fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel. (4) The manufacturer shall generate SC03 fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel. (5) The manufacturer shall generate cold temperature FTP fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. Alternate fueled vehicles or dual fueled vehicles operating on alternate fuel may optionally generate this data using the alternate fuel. (6) The data generated in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section, shall be submitted to the Administrator in combination with other data for the vehicle required to be submitted in part 86 of this chapter. (b) For each fuel economy data vehicle: (1) The manufacturer shall generate FTP and HFET fuel economy data by: (i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or (ii) Use of an analytical technique as described in § 600.006(e), in addition to testing (e.g., city fuel economy data by testing, highway fuel economy data by analytical technique). (2) The data generated shall be submitted to the Administrator according to the procedures in § 600.006. (c) Minimum data requirements for labeling. (i) Data required for emission certification under §§ 86.1828 and 86.1842 of this chapter. (ii)(A) FTP and HFET data from the highest projected model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected model year sales vehicle configuration for each base level, and (B) If required under § 600.115, for 2011 and later model year vehicles, US06, SC03 and cold temperature FTP data from the highest projected model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected model year sales vehicle configuration for each base level. Manufacturers may optionally generate this data for any 2008 through 2010 model years and 2011 and later model year vehicles, if not otherwise required. (iii) For additional model types established under § 600.208-08(a)(2), § 600.208-12(a)(2) § 600.209-08(a)(2), or § 600.209-12(a)(2) FTP and HFET data, and if required under § 600.115, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP data from each subconfiguration included within the model type. (2) For the purpose of recalculating fuel economy label values as required under § 600.314-08(b), the manufacturer shall submit data required under § 600.507. (d) Minimum data requirements for the manufacturer's average fuel economy. [71 FR 77932, Dec. 27, 2006, as amended at 74 FR 61549, Nov. 25, 2009; 75 FR 25703, May 7, 2010. Redesignated and amended at 76 FR 39524, 39530, July 6, 2011; 91 FR 7769, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.011 Incorporation by reference. Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than that specified in this section, EPA must publish a document in the Federal Register www.epa.gov/dockets www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html [email protected] (a) ASTM International (ASTM). www.astm.org (1) ASTM D86-23, Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure; Approved March 1, 2023; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (2) ASTM D975-13a, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils, Approved December 1, 2013; IBR approved for § 600.107-08(b). (3) ASTM D1298-12b, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method, Approved June 1, 2012; IBR approved for §§ 600.113-12(f); 600.510-12(g). (4) ASTM D1319-20a, Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption, Approved August 1, 2020; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (5) ASTM D1945-03 (Reapproved 2010), Standard Test Method for Analysis of Natural Gas By Gas Chromatography, Approved January 1, 2010; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f) and (k). (6) ASTM D3338/D3338M-20a, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels, Approved December 1, 2020; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (7) ASTM D3343-22, Standard Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels, Approved November 1, 2022; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (8) ASTM D4052-22, Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter, Approved May 1, 2022; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (9) ASTM D4815-22, Standard Test Method for Determination of MTBE, ETBE, TAME, DIPE, tertiary-Amyl Alcohol and C 1 4 (10) ASTM D5599-22, Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygenates in Gasoline by Gas Chromatography and Oxygen Selective Flame Ionization Detection, Approved April 1, 2022; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (11) ASTM D5769-22, Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Approved July 1, 2022; IBR approved for § 600.113-12(f). (b) International Organization for Standardization (ISO). [email protected] www.iso.org (1) ISO/IEC 18004:2006(E), Information technology—Automatic identification and data capture techniques—QR Code 2005 bar code symbology specification, Second Edition, September 1, 2006; IBR approved for § 600.302-12(b). (2) [Reserved] (c) SAE International (SAE). www.sae.org (1) Motor Vehicle Dimensions—Recommended Practice SAE 1100a (Report of Human Factors Engineering Committee, Society of Automotive Engineers, approved September 1973 as revised September 1975); IBR approved for § 600.315-08(c). (2) SAE J1634 JUL2017, Battery Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption and Range Test Procedure, Revised July 2017; IBR approved for §§ 600.116-12(a); 600.210-12(d); 600.311-12(j) and (k). (3) SAE J1711 FEB2023, Recommended Practice for Measuring the Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Economy of Hybrid-Electric Vehicles, Including Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles; Revised February 2023; IBR approved for §§ 600.114-12(c) and (f); 600.116-12(b) and (c); 600.311-12(c), (j), and (k). [76 FR 39530, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011; 79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014; 88 FR 4480, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024] Subpart B—Fuel Economy and Exhaust Emission Test Procedures Source: 42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, unless otherwise noted. § 600.101 Testing overview. Perform testing under this part as described in § 600.111. This involves the following specific requirements: (a) Perform the following tests and calculations for LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE (1) Testing to demonstrate compliance with Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards and greenhouse gas emission standards generally involves a combination of two cycles—the Federal Test Procedure and the Highway Fuel Economy Test (see 40 CFR 1066.801). Testing to determine values for fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part generally involves testing with three additional test cycles; § 600.210 describes circumstances in which testing with these additional test cycles does not apply for labeling purposes. (2) Calculate fuel economy values for vehicle subconfigurations, configurations, base levels, and model types as described in §§ 600.206 and 600.208. Calculate fleet average values for fuel economy as described in § 600.510. Note that § 600.510(c) describes how to use CREE to determine fuel consumption improvement values for specific cases. (3) Determine fuel economy values for labeling as described in § 600.210 using either the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method or the derived 5-cycle method as described in § 600.115. (i) For vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels, the test vehicle (subconfiguration) data are adjusted to better represent in-use fuel economy and CO 2 2 (ii) For derived 5-cycle labels, calculate “unadjusted” fuel economy and CO 2 2 (4) Diesel-fueled Tier 3 vehicles are not subject to cold temperature emission standards; however, you must test at least one vehicle in each test group over the cold temperature FTP to comply with requirements of this part. This paragraph (a)(4) does not apply for Tier 4 vehicles. (b) Perform the following tests and calculations for all chassis-tested vehicles other than LDV, LDT, and MDPV FE (1) Test vehicles as described in 40 CFR 86.1811, 86.1816, and 86.1819. Testing to demonstrate compliance with CO 2 FE (2) [Reserved] (c) Manufacturers must use E10 gasoline test fuel as specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) for new testing to demonstrate compliance with all emission standards and to determine fuel economy values. This requirement starts in model year 2027. Interim provisions related to test fuel apply as described in § 600.117. [89 FR 28201, Apr. 18, 2024, as amended at 91 FR 7769, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.107-08 Fuel specifications. (a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline, diesel, methanol, and methanol-petroleum fuel mixtures are given in § 86.113 of this chapter, except for cold temperature FTP fuel requirements for diesel and alternative fuel vehicles, which are given in paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) Diesel test fuel used for cold temperature FTP testing must comprise a winter-grade diesel fuel as specified in ASTM D975 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). Alternatively, EPA may approve the use of a different diesel fuel, provided that the level of kerosene added shall not exceed 20 percent. (2) The manufacturer may request EPA approval of the use of an alternative fuel for cold temperature FTP testing. (c) Test fuels representing fuel types for which there are no specifications provided in § 86.113 of this chapter may be used if approved in advance by the Administrator. [76 FR 39531, July 6, 2011] § 600.111-08 Test procedures. This section describes test procedures for the FTP, highway fuel economy test (HFET), US06, SC03, and the cold temperature FTP tests. See 40 CFR 1066.801(c) for an overview of these procedures. Perform testing according to test procedures and other requirements contained in this part 600 and in 40 CFR part 1066. This testing includes specifications and procedures for equipment, calibrations, and exhaust sampling. Manufacturers may use data collected according to previously published test procedures for model years through 2021. In addition, we may approve the use of previously published test procedures for later model years as an alternative procedure under 40 CFR 1066.10(c). Manufacturers must comply with regulatory requirements during the transition as described in 40 CFR 86.101 and 86.201. (a) FTP testing procedures. (b) Highway fuel economy testing procedures. (c) US06 testing procedures. (d) SC03 testing procedures. (e) Cold temperature FTP procedures. (f) Testing with alternative fuels. (g) Testing for vehicles with rechargeable energy storage systems. (h) Special test procedures. [79 FR 23746, Apr. 28, 2014, as amended at 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 91 FR 7769, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.113-12 Fuel economy and CO 2 The Administrator will use the calculation procedure set forth in this section for all official EPA testing of vehicles fueled with gasoline, diesel, alcohol-based or natural gas fuel. The calculations of the weighted fuel economy values require input of the weighted grams/mile values for total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 3 3 2 5 2 4 4 (a) Calculate the FTP fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the FTP test for CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold transient phase, stabilized phase and hot transient phase of the FTP test. For vehicles with more than one source of propulsion energy, one of which is a rechargeable energy storage system, or vehicles with special features that the Administrator determines may have a rechargeable energy source, whose charge can vary during the test, calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold transient phase, stabilized phase, hot transient phase and hot stabilized phase of the FTP test. (b) Calculate the HFET fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the mass values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (2) Calculate the grams/mile values for the highway fuel economy test for HC, CO, and CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (c) Calculate the cold temperature FTP fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the weighted grams/mile values for the cold temperature FTP test for HC, CO, and CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for the cold transient phase, stabilized phase and hot transient phase of the cold temperature FTP test as specified in 40 CFR 1066.605. (3) Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. (d) Calculate the US06 fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the total grams/mile values for the US06 test for HC, CO, and CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (2) Calculate separately the grams/mile values for HC, CO, and CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 2 e.g., (3) Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. (e) Calculate the SC03 fuel economy as follows: (1) Calculate the grams/mile values for the SC03 test for HC, CO, and CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (2) Measure and record the test fuel's properties as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. (f) Analyze and determine fuel properties as follows: (1) Gasoline test fuel properties shall be determined by analysis of a fuel sample taken from the fuel supply. A sample shall be taken after each addition of fresh fuel to the fuel supply. Additionally, the fuel shall be resampled once a month to account for any fuel property changes during storage. Less frequent resampling may be permitted if EPA concludes, on the basis of manufacturer-supplied data, that the properties of test fuel in the manufacturer's storage facility will remain stable for a period longer than one month. The fuel samples shall be analyzed to determine fuel properties as follows for neat gasoline (E0) and for a low-level ethanol-gasoline blend (E10): (i) Specific gravity. (ii) Carbon mass fraction. CMF (B) For E10, determine carbon mass fraction of test fuel, CMF f Where: VF e SG e SG e SG f CMF e CMF e CMF h V Tier3 V LEVIII Where: VP aro,f T 10 T 50 T 90 (iii) Net heat of combustion. (B) For E10, determine net heat of combustion, NHC f Where: NHC e NHC e NHC h (2) Methanol test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties: (i) Specific gravity using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). You may determine specific gravity for the blend, or you may determine specific gravity for the gasoline and methanol fuel components separately before combining the results using the following equation: SG = SGg × volume fraction gasoline + SGm × volume fraction methanol. (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation: CWF = CWFg × MFg + 0.375 × MFm Where: CWFg = Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend measured using ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G × SGg)/(G × SGg + M × SGm) MFm = Mass fraction methanol = (M × SGm)/(G × SGg + M × SGm) Where: G = Volume fraction gasoline. M = Volume fraction methanol. SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as measured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). SGm = Specific gravity of methanol as measured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). (B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as accurate as those specified in this paragraph (f)(2)(ii). (3) Natural gas test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties: (i) Fuel composition measured using ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). (ii) Specific gravity measured as based on fuel composition per ASTM D 1945 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). (iii) Carbon weight fraction, based on the carbon contained only in the hydrocarbon constituents of the fuel. This equals the weight of carbon in the hydrocarbon constituents divided by the total weight of fuel. (iv) Carbon weight fraction of the fuel, which equals the total weight of carbon in the fuel ( i.e., 2 (4) Ethanol test fuel shall be analyzed to determine the following fuel properties: (i) Specific gravity using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). You may determine specific gravity for the blend, or you may determine specific gravity for the gasoline and methanol fuel components separately before combining the results using the following equation: SG = SGg × volume fraction gasoline + SGe × volume fraction ethanol. (ii)(A) Carbon weight fraction using the following equation: CWF = CWFg × MFg + 0.521 × MFe Where: CWFg = Carbon weight fraction of gasoline portion of blend measured using ASTM D 3343 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). MFg = Mass fraction gasoline = (G × SGg)/(G × SGg + E × SGe) MFe = Mass fraction ethanol = (E × SGe)/(G × SGg + E × SGe) Where: G = Volume fraction gasoline. E = Volume fraction ethanol. SGg = Specific gravity of gasoline as measured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). SGe = Specific gravity of ethanol as measured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). (B) Upon the approval of the Administrator, other procedures to measure the carbon weight fraction of the fuel blend may be used if the manufacturer can show that the procedures are superior to or equally as accurate as those specified in this paragraph (f)(4)(ii). (g) Calculate separate FTP, highway, US06, SC03 and Cold temperature FTP fuel economy values from the grams/mile values for total HC, CO, CO 2 3 2 5 2 4 2 4 (1) Emission values for fuel economy calculations. 2 (2) [Reserved] (3) The specific gravity and the carbon mass fraction (obtained per paragraph (f) of this section) shall be recorded using three places to the right of the decimal point. Net heat of combustion shall be recorded using three places to the right of the decimal point if expressed in MJ/kg, or the nearest whole number if expressed in Btu/lb. (h)(1) For gasoline-fueled automobiles tested on a test fuel specified in § 86.113 of this chapter, the fuel economy in miles per gallon is to be calculated using the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon: mpg = (5174 × 10 4 2 Where: HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO 2 2 CWF = Carbon weight fraction of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. NHV = Net heating value by mass of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. SG = Specific gravity of test fuel as obtained in paragraph (f)(1) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. (2) [Reserved] (i)(1) For diesel-fueled automobiles, calculate the fuel economy in miles per gallon of diesel fuel by dividing 2778 by the sum of three terms and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.1 mile per gallon: (i)(A) 0.866 multiplied by HC (in grams/miles as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section), or (B) Zero, in the case of cold FTP diesel tests for which HC was not collected, as permitted in § 600.113-08(c); (ii) 0.429 multiplied by CO (in grams/mile as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section); and (iii) 0.273 multiplied by CO 2 (2) [Reserved] (j)(1) For methanol-fueled automobiles and automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and methanol, the fuel economy in miles per gallon of methanol is to be calculated using the following equation: mpg = (CWF × SG × 3781.8)/((CWF exHC 2 3 Where: CWF = Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as determined in paragraph (f)(2)(ii) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. CWF exHC exHC HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO 2 2 CH 3 3 HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. (2) [Reserved] (k)(1) For automobiles fueled with natural gas and automobiles designed to operate on gasoline and natural gas, the fuel economy in miles per gallon of natural gas is to be calculated using the following equation: Where: mpg e CWF HC/NG D NG 3 CH 4 2 CWF NMHC CO 2NG CO 2NG NG NG CO2 Where: = cubic feet of natural gas fuel consumed per mile Where: CWF NG WF CO2 (2) [Reserved] (l)(1) For ethanol-fueled automobiles and automobiles designed to operate on mixtures of gasoline and ethanol, the fuel economy in miles per gallon of ethanol is to be calculated using the following equation: mpg = (CWF × SG × 3781.8)/((CWF exHC 2 3 2 5 2 4 Where: CWF = Carbon weight fraction of the fuel as determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section. SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph (f)(4) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (f)(3) of this section. CWF exHC HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. CO 2 2 CH 3 3 HCHO = Grams/mile HCHO (formaldehyde) as obtained in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. C 2 5 2 5 C 2 4 2 4 (2) [Reserved] (m)(1) For automobiles fueled with liquefied petroleum gas and automobiles designed to operate on gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas, the fuel economy in miles per gallon of liquefied petroleum gas is to be calculated using the following equation: Where: mpg e CWF fuel SG = Specific gravity of the fuel as determined in paragraph (f)(5) of this section and rounded according to paragraph (g)(3) of this section. 3781.8 = Grams of H 2 CWF HC fuel HC = Grams/mile HC as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. CO = Grams/mile CO as obtained in paragraph (g)(2) of this section. CO 2 2 (2) [Reserved] (n) Manufacturers may use a value of 0 grams CO 2 (o)(1) For testing with E10, calculate fuel economy using the following equation, rounded to the nearest 0.1 miles per gallon: Where: CMF testfuel SG testfuel r H2O r H2O SG basefuel SG basefuel NHC basefuel NHC basefuel NMOG CH 4 4 CO CO 2 2 R a R a NHC testfuel (2) [Reserved] (p) Equations for fuels other than those specified in this section may be used with advance EPA approval. Alternate calculation methods for fuel economy may be used in lieu of the methods described in this section if shown to yield equivalent or superior results and if approved in advance by the Administrator. [76 FR 39533, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63179, Oct. 15, 2012; 81 FR 74000, Oct. 25, 2016; 85 FR 25271, Apr. 30, 2020; 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28202, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7769, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.114-12 Vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy CO 2 Paragraphs (a) through (f) of this section apply to data used for fuel economy labeling under subpart D of this part. Paragraphs (d) through (f) of this section are used to calculate 5-cycle carbon-related exhaust emission values for the purpose of determining optional credits for CO 2 2 (a) City fuel economy. (2) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (a) are defined as follows: Bag Y FE X SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test. US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the “city” portion of the US06 test. (b) Highway fuel economy. (2) If the condition specified in § 600.115-08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is met, in lieu of using the calculation in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may optionally determine the highway fuel economy using the following modified 5-cycle equation which utilizes data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests, and applies mathematic adjustments for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions: (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to the FTP and HFET tests. (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway fuel economy according to the following formula: (3) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (b) are defined as follows: Bag Y FE X HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test. SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test. US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the highway portion of the US06 test. US06 FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over US06 test. (c) Fuel economy calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. (1) Four-bag FTP equations. (i) City fuel economy. (ii) Highway fuel economy. (2) Two-bag FTP equations. (i) City fuel economy. (ii) Highway fuel economy. (3) For hybrid electric vehicles using the modified 5-cycle highway calculation in paragraph (b)(2) of this section, the equation in paragraph (b)(2)(ii)(A) of this section applies except that the equation for Start Fuel 75 (i) The equation for Start Fuel 75 (ii) The equation for Start Fuel 75 (4) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (b) are defined as follows: Bag X/Y FE 75 Bag Y FE X HFET FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the HFET test. SC03 FE = fuel economy in mile per gallon over the SC03 test. US06 City FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the city portion of the US06 test. US06 Highway FE = fuel economy in miles per gallon over the highway portion of the US06 test. (d) City CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. 2 (2) To determine City CO 2 2 2 2 (3) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (d) are defined as follows: Bag Y CREE X US06 City CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the city portion of the US06 test. SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test. (e) Highway CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. (2) If the condition specified in § 600.115-08(b)(2)(iii)(B) is met, in lieu of using the calculation in paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the manufacturer may optionally determine the highway carbon-related exhaust emissions using the following modified 5-cycle equation which utilizes data from FTP, HFET, and US06 tests, and applies mathematic adjustments for Cold FTP and SC03 conditions: (i) Perform a US06 test in addition to the FTP and HFET tests. (ii) Determine the 5-cycle highway carbon-related exhaust emissions according to the following formula: Where: Start CREE 75 75 75 Running CREE = 1.007 × [(0.79 × US06 Highway CREE) + (0.21 × HFET CREE)] + [0.377 × 0.133 × ((0.00540 × A) + (0.1357 × US06 CREE))] (3) To determine Highway CO 2 2 2 2 (4) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (e) are defined as follows: A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 for diesel-fueled vehicles, or an appropriate value specified by the Administrator for other fuels. Bag Y CREE X US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the highway portion of the US06 test. US06 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the US06 test. HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the HFET test. SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test. (f) CO 2 and carbon-related exhaust emissions calculations for hybrid electric vehicles. (1) If the 4-bag sampling method is used, manufacturers may use the equations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section to determine city and highway CO 2 2 2 2 2 (i) City CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. (ii) Highway CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. (2) If the 2-bag sampling method is used for the 75 °F FTP test, it must be used to determine both city and highway CO 2 2 2 2 (i) City CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. (ii) Highway CO 2 emissions and carbon-related exhaust emissions. (3) For hybrid electric vehicles using the modified 5-cycle highway calculation in paragraph (e)(2) of this section, the equation in paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(A) of this section applies except that the equation for Start CREE 75 (i) The equation for Start CREE 75 Start CREE 75 75 75 75 75 (ii) The equation for Start CREE 75 Start CREE 75 1/2 75 3/4 75 (4) To determine City and Highway CO 2 2 (5) Terms used in the equations in this paragraph (e) are defined as follows: Bag Y CREE X SC03 CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the SC03 test. US06 Highway CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the Highway portion of the US06 test. HFET CREE = carbon-related exhaust emissions in grams per mile over the HFET test. Bag X/Y CREE 75 [76 FR 39538, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57379, Sept. 15, 2011; 89 FR 28204, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7770, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.115-11 Criteria for determining the fuel economy label calculation method. This section provides the criteria to determine if the derived 5-cycle method for determining fuel economy label values, as specified in § 600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or § 600.210-12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable, may be used to determine label values. Separate criteria apply to city and highway fuel economy for each test group. The provisions of this section are optional. If this option is not chosen, or if the criteria provided in this section are not met, fuel economy label values must be determined according to the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method specified in § 600.210-08(a)(1) or (b)(1) or § 600.210-12(a)(1) or (b)(1), as applicable. However, dedicated alternative-fuel vehicles (other than battery electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles), dual fuel vehicles when operating on the alternative fuel, MDPV FE 2 (a) City fuel economy criterion. (i) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy from the official FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests for the test group is determined according to the provisions of § 600.114-08(a) or (c) or § 600.114-12(a) or (c) and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon. (ii) Using the same FTP data as used in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, the corresponding derived 5-cycle city fuel economy is calculated according to the following equation: Where: City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator. See City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator. See FTP FE = the FTP-based city fuel economy from the official test used for certification compliance, determined under § 600.113-08(a), rounded to the nearest tenth. (2) The derived 5-cycle fuel economy value determined in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section is multiplied by 0.96 and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon. (3) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy determined in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section is greater than or equal to the value determined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, then the manufacturer may base the city fuel economy estimates for the model types covered by the test group on the derived 5-cycle method specified in § 600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or § 600.210-12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable. (b) Highway fuel economy criterion. (1) If the city determination for a test group made in paragraph (a)(3) of this section does not allow the use of the derived 5-cycle method, then the highway fuel economy values for all model types represented by the test group are likewise not allowed to be determined using the derived 5-cycle method, and must be determined according to the vehicle-specific 5-cycle method specified in § 600.210-08(a)(1) or (b)(1) or § 600.210-12(a)(1) or (b)(1), as applicable. (2) If the city determination made in paragraph (a)(3) of this section allows the use of the derived 5-cycle method, a separate determination is made for the highway fuel economy labeling method as follows: (i) For each test group certified for emission compliance under § 86.1848 of this chapter, the FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests determined to be official under § 86.1835 of this chapter are used to calculate the vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy, which is then compared to the derived 5-cycle highway fuel economy, as follows: (A) The vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy from the official FTP, HFET, US06, SC03 and Cold FTP tests for the test group is determined according to the provisions of § 600.114-08(b)(1) or § 600.114-12(b)(1) and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon. (B) Using the same HFET data as used in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section, the corresponding derived 5-cycle highway fuel economy is calculated using the following equation: Where: Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator. See § 600.210-08(a)(2)(iii) or § 600.210-12(a)(2)(iii). Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator. See § 600.210-08(a)(2)(iii) or § 600.210-12(a)(2)(iii). HFET FE = the HFET-based highway fuel economy determined under § 600.113-08(b), rounded to the nearest tenth. (ii) The derived 5-cycle highway fuel economy calculated in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(B) of this section is multiplied by 0.95 and rounded to the nearest one tenth of a mile per gallon. (iii) (A) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy of the vehicle tested in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section is greater than or equal to the value determined in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, then the manufacturer may base the highway fuel economy estimates for the model types covered by the test group on the derived 5-cycle method specified in § 600.210-08(a)(2) or (b)(2) or § 600.210-12(a)(2) or (b)(2), as applicable. (B) If the vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy determined in paragraph (b)(2)(i)(A) of this section is less than the value determined in paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of this section, the manufacturer may determine the highway fuel economy for the model types covered by the test group on the modified 5-cycle equation specified in § 600.114-08(b)(2) or § 600.114-12(b)(2). (c) The manufacturer will apply the criteria in paragraph (a) and (b) of this section to every test group for each model year. (d) The tests used to make the evaluations in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section will be the procedures for official test determinations under § 86.1835. Adjustments and/or substitutions to the official test data may be made with advance approval of the Administrator. [76 FR 39547, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28204, Apr. 18, 2024] § 600.116-12 Special procedures related to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. (a) Determine fuel economy values for electric vehicles as specified in §§ 600.210 and 600.311 using the procedures of SAE J1634 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). Use the procedures of SAE J1634, Section 8, with the following clarifications and modifications for using this and other sections of SAE J1634: (1) Vehicles that cannot complete the Multi-Cycle Range and Energy Consumption Test (MCT) because they are unable travel the distance required to complete the test with a fully charged battery, or they are unable to achieve the maximum speed on either the UDDS or HFEDS (Highway Fuel Economy Drive Cycle also known as the HFET) cycle should seek Administrator approval to use the procedures outlined in SAE J1634 Section 7 Single Cycle Range and Energy Consumption Test (SCT). (2) The MCT includes the following key-on soak times and key-off soak periods: (i) As noted in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.4, a 15 second key-on pause is required between UDDS 1 1 3 2 (ii) As noted in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.4, a 10-minute key-off soak period is required between HFEDS 1 2 2 4 (iii) A key-off soak period up to 30 minutes may be inserted between UDDS 2 4 3 (iv) If multiple phases are required during either the mid-test constant speed cycle or the end-of-test constant speed cycle there must be a 5-minute to 30-minute key-off soak period between each constant speed phase as noted in SAE J1634 Section 6.6. (3) As noted in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.4, during all `key-off' soak periods, the key or power switch must be in the “off” position, the hood must be closed, the test cell fan(s) must be off, and the brake pedal not depressed. For vehicles which do not have a key or power switch the vehicle must be placed in the `mode' the manufacturer recommends when the vehicle is to be parked and the occupants exit the vehicle. (4) Manufacturers may determine the mid-test constant speed cycle distance (d M M M (5) Divide the mid-test constant speed cycle distance (d M 3 (6) Using good engineering judgment determine the end-of-test constant speed cycle distance so that it does not exceed 20% of the total distance driven during the MCT as described in SAE J1634 Section 8.3.3. (7) Divide the end-of-test constant speed cycle distance (d E (8) SAE J1634 Section 3.13 defines useable battery energy (UBE) as the total DC discharge energy (Edc total (9) Recharging the vehicle's battery must start within three hours after the end of testing. (10) At the request of a manufacturer, the Administrator may approve the use of an earlier version of SAE J1634 when a manufacturer is carrying over data for vehicles tested using a prior version of SAE J1634. (11) All label values related to fuel economy, energy consumption, and range must be based on 5-cycle testing or on values adjusted to be equivalent to 5-cycle results. Prior to performing testing to generate a 5-cycle adjustment factor, manufacturers must request Administrator approval to use SAE J1634 Appendices B and C for determining a 5-cycle adjustment factor with the following modifications, clarifications, and attestations: (i) Before model year 2025, prior to performing the 20 °F charge-depleting UDDS, the vehicle must soak for a minimum of 12 hours and a maximum of 36 hours at a temperature of 20 °F. Prior to beginning the 12 to 36 hour cold soak at 20 °F the vehicle must be fully charged, the charging can take place at test laboratory ambient temperatures (68 to 86 °F) or at 20 °F. During the 12 to 36 hour cold soak period the vehicle may not be connected to a charger nor is the vehicle cabin or battery to be preconditioned during the 20 °F soak period. (ii) Beginning with model year 2025, the 20 °F UDDS charge-depleting UDDS test will be replaced with a 20 °F UDDS test consisting of two UDDS cycles performed with a 10-minute key-off soak between the two UDDS cycles. The data from the two UDDS cycles will be used to calculate the five-cycle adjustment factor, instead of using the results from the entire charge-depleting data set. Manufacturers that have submitted and used the average data from 20 °F charge-depleting UDDS data sets will be required to revise their 5-cycle adjustment factor calculation and re-label vehicles using the data from the first two UDDS cycles only. Manufacturers, at their discretion, would also be allowed to re-run the 20 °F UDDS test with the battery charged to a state-of-charge (SoC) determined by the manufacturer. The battery does not need to be at 100% SoC before the 20 °F cold soak. (iii) Manufacturers must submit a written attestation to the Administrator at the completion of testing with the following information: (A) A statement noting the SoC level of the rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) prior to beginning the 20 °F cold soak for testing performed beginning with model year 2025. (B) A statement confirming the vehicle was not charged or preconditioned during the 12 to 36 hour 20 °F soak period before starting the 20 °F UDDS cycle. (C) A summary of all the 5-cycle test results and the calculations used to generate the 5-cycle adjustment factor, including all the 20 °F UDDS cycles, the distance travelled during each UDDS and the measured DC discharge energy during each UDDS phase. Beginning in model year 2025, the 20 °F UDDS test results will consist of only two UDDS cycles. (D) Beginning in model year 2025, calculate City Fuel Economy using the following equation for RunningFC (E) A description of each test group and vehicle configuration that will use the 5-cycle adjustment factor, including the battery capacity of the vehicle used to generate the 5-cycle adjustment factor and the battery capacity of all the vehicle configurations to which it will be applied. (iv) At the conclusion of the manufacturers testing and after receiving the attestations from the manufacturer regarding the performance of the 20 °F UDDS test processes, the 5-cycle test results, and the summary of vehicles to which the manufacturer proposes applying the 5-cycle adjustment factor, the Administrator will review the submittals and inform the manufacturer in writing if the Administrator concurs with the manufacturer's proposal. If not, the Administrator will describe the rationale to the manufacturer for not approving their request. (b) Determine performance values for hybrid electric vehicles that have no plug-in capability as specified in §§ 600.210 and 600.311 using the procedures for charge-sustaining operation from SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). We may approve alternate measurement procedures with respect to these vehicles if that is necessary or appropriate for meeting the objectives of this part. For example, we may approve alternate Net Energy Change/Fuel Ratio tolerances for charge-sustaining operation as described in paragraph (c)(5) of this section. (c) Determine performance values for hybrid electric vehicles that have plug-in capability as specified in §§ 600.210 and 600.311 using the procedures of SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference, see § 600.011), with the following clarifications and modifications: (1) Calculate fuel economy values representing combined operation during charge-depleting and charge-sustaining operation using the following utility factors, except as otherwise specified in this paragraph (c): Table 1 to Paragraph ( c)(1) Schedule range for UDDS phases, miles Cumulative UF Sequential UF 3.59 0.125 0.125 7.45 0.243 0.117 11.04 0.338 0.095 14.90 0.426 0.088 18.49 0.497 0.071 22.35 0.563 0.066 25.94 0.616 0.053 29.80 0.666 0.049 33.39 0.705 0.040 37.25 0.742 0.037 40.84 0.772 0.030 44.70 0.800 0.028 48.29 0.822 0.022 52.15 0.843 0.021 55.74 0.859 0.017 59.60 0.875 0.016 63.19 0.888 0.013 67.05 0.900 0.012 70.64 0.909 0.010 Table 2 to Paragraph ( c)(1) Schedule range for HFET, miles Cumulative UF Sequential UF 10.3 0.123 0.123 20.6 0.240 0.117 30.9 0.345 0.105 41.2 0.437 0.092 51.5 0.516 0.079 61.8 0.583 0.067 72.1 0.639 0.056 (2) Determine fuel economy values to demonstrate compliance with CAFE standards as follows: (i) For vehicles that are not dual fueled automobiles, determine fuel economy using the utility factors specified in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. Do not use the petroleum-equivalence factors described in 10 CFR 474.3. (ii) Except as described in paragraph (c)(2)(iii) of this section, determine fuel economy for dual fueled automobiles from the following equation, separately for city and highway driving: Equation 2 to Paragraph (c)(2)(ii) Where: MPG gas MPGe elec elec (iii) For 2016 and later model year dual fueled automobiles, you may determine fuel economy based on the following equation, separately for city and highway driving: Equation 3 to Paragraph (c)(2)(iii) Where: UF (3) To determine fuel economy and CO 2 Table 3 of § 600.116-12—Multi-Day Individual Utility Factors for Urban “City” Driving Schedule range for UDDS phases, miles Equivalent 5-cycle distance, miles Cumulative Sequential 3.59 2.51 0.08 0.08 7.45 5.22 0.15 0.08 11.04 7.73 0.22 0.06 14.90 10.43 0.28 0.06 18.49 12.94 0.33 0.05 22.35 15.65 0.38 0.05 25.94 18.16 0.43 0.04 29.80 20.86 0.47 0.04 33.39 23.37 0.50 0.04 37.25 26.08 0.54 0.04 40.84 28.59 0.57 0.03 44.70 31.29 0.60 0.03 48.29 33.80 0.62 0.02 52.15 36.51 0.65 0.02 55.74 39.02 0.67 0.02 59.60 41.72 0.69 0.02 63.19 44.23 0.71 0.02 67.05 46.94 0.72 0.02 70.64 49.45 0.74 0.01 74.50 52.15 0.75 0.01 78.09 54.66 0.78 0.03 81.95 57.37 0.79 0.01 85.54 59.88 0.80 0.01 89.40 62.58 0.81 0.01 92.99 65.09 0.82 0.01 Table 4 of § 600.116-12—Multi-Day Individual Utility Factors for Highway Driving Schedule range for HFET phases, miles Equivalent 5-cycle distance, miles Cumulative Sequential 10.30 7.21 0.21 0.21 20.60 14.42 0.36 0.16 30.90 21.63 0.48 0.12 41.20 28.84 0.57 0.09 51.50 36.05 0.64 0.07 61.80 43.26 0.70 0.06 72.10 50.47 0.75 0.04 82.40 57.68 0.78 0.04 92.70 64.89 0.81 0.03 103.00 72.10 0.83 0.02 113.30 79.31 0.85 0.02 (4) You may calculate performance values under paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section by combining phases during FTP testing. For example, you may treat the first 7.45 miles as a single phase by adding the individual utility factors for that portion of driving and assigning emission levels to the combined phase. Do this consistently throughout a test run. (5) Instead of the utility factors specified in paragraphs (c)(1) through (3) of this section, calculate utility factors using the following equation for vehicles whose maximum speed is less than the maximum speed specified in the driving schedule, where the vehicle's maximum speed is determined, to the nearest 0.1 mph, from observing the highest speed over the first duty cycle (FTP, HFET, etc.): Equation 4 to Paragraph (c)(5) Where: UF i i. 0 j k d i i. ND ND C j j Table 5 to Paragraph ( c j Fleet values for CAFE Multi-day individual City Highway City or highway 1 14.86 4.8 13.1 2 2.965 13 −18.7 3 −84.05 −65 5.22 4 153.7 120 8.15 5 −43.59 −100.00 3.53 6 −96.94 31.00 −1.34 7 14.47 −4.01 8 91.70 −3.90 9 −46.36 −1.15 10 3.88 n (6) Determine End-of-Test as follows: (i) Base End-of-Test on a 2 percent State of Charge as specified in Section 3.5.1 of SAE J1711. (ii) Base End-of-Test on a 1 percent Net Energy Change/Fuel Ratio as specified in Section 3.5.2 of SAE J1711. (iii) For charge-sustaining tests, we may approve alternate Net Energy Change/Fuel Ratio tolerances as specified in Appendix C of SAE J1711 to correct final fuel economy values and CO 2 (7) Use the vehicle's Actual Charge-Depleting Range, Rcda, as specified in Section 7.1.4 of SAE J1711 for evaluating the end-of-test criterion. (8) Measure and record AC watt-hours throughout the recharging procedure. Position the measurement appropriately to account for any losses in the charging system. (9) We may approve alternate measurement procedures with respect to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles if they are necessary or appropriate for meeting the objectives of this part. (10) The utility factors described in this paragraph (c) and in § 600.510 are derived from equations in SAE J2841. You may alternatively calculate utility factors from the corresponding equations in SAE J2841 as follows: (i) Calculate utility factors for labeling directly from the equation in SAE J2841 Section 6.2 using the Table 2 MDIUF Fit Coefficients (C1 through C10) and a normalized distance (norm_dist) of 399 miles. (ii) Calculate utility factors for fuel economy standards from the equation in SAE J2841 Section 6.2 using the Table 5 Fit Coefficients for city/Hwy Specific FUF curves weighted 55 percent city, 45 percent highway and a normalized distance (norm_dist) of 399 miles. (iii) Starting in model year 2031, calculate utility factors for GHG compliance with emission standards from the equation in SAE J2841 Section 6.2 using the Table 2 FUF Fit Coefficients (C1 through C6) and a normalized distance (norm_dist) of 583 miles. For model year 2026 and earlier, calculate utility factors for compliance with GHG emission standards as described in paragraph (c)(10)(ii) of this section. (11) The following methodology is used to determine the usable battery energy (UBE) for a PHEV using data obtained during either the UDDS Full Charge Test (FCT) or the HFET FCT as described in SAE J1711: (i) Perform the measurements described in SAE J1711 Section 5.1.3.d. Record initial and final SOC of the RESS for each cycle in the FCT. (ii) Perform the measurements described in SAE J1711 Section 5.1.3.c. Continuously measure the voltage of the RESS throughout the entire cycle, or record initial and final voltage measurements of the RESS for each test cycle. (iii) Determine average voltage of the RESS during each FCT cycle by averaging the results of the continuous voltage measurement or by determining the average of the initial and final voltage measurement. (iv) Determine the DC discharge energy for each cycle of the FCT by multiplying the change in SOC of each cycle by the average voltage for the cycle. (v) Instead of independently measuring current and voltage and calculating the resulting DC discharge energy, you may use a DC wideband Watt-hour meter (power analyzer) to directly measure the DC discharge energy of the RESS during each cycle of the FCT. The meter used for this measurement must meet the requirements in SAE J1711 Section 4.4. (vi) After completing the FCT, determine the cycles comprising the Charge-Depleting Cycle Range (Rcdc) as described in SAE J1711 Section 3.1.14. Charge-sustaining cycles are not included in the Rcdc. Rcdc includes any number of transitional cycles where the vehicle may have operated in both charge-depleting and charge-sustaining modes. (vii) Determine the UBE of the PHEV by summing the measured DC discharge energy for each cycle comprising Rcdc. Following the charge-depleting cycles and during the transition to charge-sustaining operation, one or more of the transition cycles may result in negative DC discharge energy measurements that result from the vehicle charging and not discharging the RESS. Include these negative discharge results in the summation. (d) Determining the proportion of recovered energy for hybrid electric vehicles. (1) Calculate the theoretical maximum amount of energy that could be recovered by a hybrid electric vehicle over the FTP test cycle, where the test cycle time and velocity points are expressed at 10 Hz, and the velocity (miles/hour) is expressed to the nearest 0.01 miles/hour, as follows: (i) For each time point in the 10 Hz test cycle ( i.e. (A) Determine the road load power in kilowatts using the following equation: Where: P roadload i.e. A, B, and C are the vehicle-specific dynamometer road load coefficients in lb-force, lb-force/mph, and lb-force/mph 2 V mph 0.44704 converts speed from miles/hour to meters/second; 4.448 converts pound force to Newtons; and 1,000 converts power from Watts to kilowatts. (B) Determine the applied deceleration power at each sampling point in time, t, in kilowatts, using the following equation. Positive values indicate acceleration and negative values indicate deceleration. Where: ETW = the vehicle Equivalent Test Weight (lbs); V t V t-1 0.1 represents the time in seconds between each successive velocity data point; 0.44704 converts speed from miles/hour to meters/second; 2.205 converts weight from pounds to kilograms; and 1,000 converts power from Watts to kilowatts. (C) Determine braking power in kilowatts using the following equation. Note that during braking events, P brake accel P roadload i.e., P brake P accel P roadload Where: P accel P roadload P brake P accel P roadload (ii) The total maximum braking energy ( E brake P brake (ii) The total maximum braking energy (E brake brake (2) Calculate the actual amount of energy recovered (E rec (i) Measure the electrical current in Amps to and from the hybrid electric vehicle battery during the FTP. Measurements should be made directly upstream of the battery at a 10 Hz sampling rate. (ii) At each sampling point where current is flowing into the battery, calculate the energy flowing into the battery, in Watt-hours, as follows: Where: E t I t t V nominal (iii) The total energy recovered (E rec t (3) The percent of braking energy recovered by a hybrid system relative to the total available energy is determined by the following equation, rounded to the nearest one percent: Where: E rec E brake (4)(i) Determination nominal voltage (V nominal Where: V S V F (ii) If the absolute value of the measured current to and from the battery during the measurement of either V S F S F [76 FR 39548, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63182, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014; 80 FR 9111, Feb. 19, 2015; 81 FR 74001, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4481, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28204, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7770, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.117 Interim provisions. (a) The following provisions apply instead of other provisions specified in this part through model year 2026: (1) Except as specified in paragraphs (a)(5) and (6) of this section, manufacturers must determine fuel economy values using E0 gasoline test fuel as specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), regardless of any testing with E10 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) under paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (2) Manufacturers may demonstrate that vehicles comply with emission standards for criteria pollutants as specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S, during fuel economy measurements using the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), as long as this test fuel is used in fuel economy testing for all applicable duty cycles specified in 40 CFR part 86, subpart S. If a vehicle fails to meet an emission standard for a criteria pollutant using the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), the manufacturer must retest the vehicle using the E10 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California) to demonstrate compliance with all applicable emission standards over that test cycle. (3) If a manufacturer demonstrates compliance with emission standards for criteria pollutants over all five test cycles using the E10 test fuel specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) (or the equivalent LEV III test fuel for California), the manufacturer may use test data with the same test fuel to determine whether a test group meets the criteria described in § 600.115 for derived 5-cycle testing for fuel economy labeling. Such vehicles may be tested over the FTP and HFET cycles with the E0 gasoline test fuel specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1) under this paragraph (a)(3); the vehicles must meet the emission standards for criteria pollutants over those test cycles as described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. (4) Manufacturers may perform testing with the appropriate gasoline test fuels specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1), 40 CFR 86.213(a)(2), and in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) to evaluate whether their vehicles meet the criteria for derived 5-cycle testing under § 600.115. All five tests must use test fuel with the same nominal ethanol concentration. (5) [Reserved] (6) Manufacturers may alternatively determine fuel economy values using E10 gasoline test fuel as specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b). Calculate fuel economy using the equation specified in § 600.113-12(o)(1) based on measured CO 2 (7) If a vehicle uses an E10 test fuel for evaporative emission testing and E0 is the applicable test fuel for exhaust emission testing, exhaust measurement and reporting requirements apply over the course of the evaporative emission test, but the vehicle need not meet the exhaust emission standards during the evaporative emission test run. (b) For model years 2027 through 2029, manufacturers may determine fuel economy values using data with E0 test fuel from testing for earlier model years, subject to the carryover provisions of 40 CFR 86.1839 and § 600.006. Calculate fuel economy using the equation specified in § 600.113-12(h)(1) based on measured CO 2 (c) Manufacturers may perform testing under § 600.115-11 using E0 gasoline test fuel as specified in 40 CFR 86.113-04(a)(1) or E10 test fuel as specified in 40 CFR 1065.710(b) until EPA publishes guidance under § 600.210-12(a)(2)(iv) describing when and how to apply 5-cycle adjustment factors based on testing with the E10 test fuel. [89 FR 28207, Apr. 18, 2024, as amended at 91 FR 7772, Feb. 18, 2026] Subpart C—Procedures for Calculating Fuel Economy and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Values § 600.206-12 Calculation and use of FTP-based and HFET-based fuel economy, CO 2 (a) Fuel economy, CO 2 2 (1) If only one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy values is accepted for a subconfiguration at which a vehicle configuration was tested, these values, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, comprise the city and highway fuel economy values for that subconfiguration. If only one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway CO 2 2 2 2 (2) If more than one set of FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy and/or carbon-related exhaust emission values are accepted for a vehicle configuration: (i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in accordance with § 600.208-12(a)(3). (ii) Within each group of data, all fuel economy values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon and all CO 2 2 2 2 (iii) All FTP-based city fuel economy, CO 2 2 2 2 2 (3)(i) For the purpose of determining average fuel economy under § 600.510, the combined fuel economy value for a vehicle configuration is calculated by harmonically averaging the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway fuel economy values, as determined in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. A sample of this calculation appears in appendix II to this part. (ii) For the purpose of determining average carbon-related exhaust emissions under § 600.510, the combined carbon-related exhaust emission value for a vehicle configuration is calculated by arithmetically averaging the FTP-based city and HFET-based highway carbon-related exhaust emission values, as determined in paragraph (a)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and rounded to the nearest tenth of gram per mile. (4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this section, as applicable, shall be used to calculate two separate sets of FTP-based city, HFET-based highway, and combined values for fuel economy, CO 2 (i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, that value, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, will comprise the petroleum-based fuel economy for that vehicle configuration. (c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that vehicle configuration. [76 FR 39551, July 6, 2011, as amended at 89 FR 28207, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7772, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.207-12 Calculation and use of vehicle-specific 5-cycle-based fuel economy and CO 2 (a) Fuel economy and CO 2 2 (1) If only one set of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 2 2 2 (2) If more than one set of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (i) All data shall be grouped according to the subconfiguration for which the data were generated using sales projections supplied in accordance with § 600.209-12(a)(3). (ii) Within each subconfiguration of data, all fuel economy values are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 of a mile per gallon in order to determine 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy values for each subconfiguration at which the vehicle configuration was tested, and all CO 2 2 2 (iii) All 5-cycle city fuel economy values and all 5-cycle highway fuel economy values calculated in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section are (separately for city and highway) averaged in proportion to the sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) within the vehicle configuration (as provided to the Administrator by the manufacturer) of vehicles of each tested subconfiguration. The resultant values, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon, are the 5-cycle city and 5-cycle highway fuel economy values for the vehicle configuration. (iv) All 5-cycle city CO 2 2 2 (3) [Reserved] (4) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) and (2) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (i) Calculate the 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (ii) Calculate the 5-cycle city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (b) If only one equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, that value, rounded to the nearest tenth of a mile per gallon, will comprise the petroleum-based 5-cycle fuel economy for that vehicle configuration. (c) If more than one equivalent petroleum-based 5-cycle fuel economy value exists for an electric vehicle configuration, all values for that vehicle configuration are harmonically averaged and rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon for that vehicle configuration. [76 FR 39551, July 6, 2011, as amended at 89 FR 28208, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7772, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.208-12 Calculation of FTP-based and HFET-based fuel economy, CO 2 (a) Fuel economy, CO 2 2 (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California and in section 177 states are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy, CO 2 2 (2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency, CO 2 (i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label and on the vehicle bearing that label; (ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine ( i.e., (iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are represented by test data in accordance with § 600.010(c)(1)(iii). (3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination. (i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car line-vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each car line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any model type value is calculated for a label value. (iii) The provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of this section may be satisfied by providing an amended application for certification, as described in § 86.1844 of this chapter. (4) Vehicle configuration fuel economy, CO 2 (i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the fuel economy, CO 2 2 2 2 (ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon; and the vehicle configuration CO 2 2 2 (5) The procedure specified in paragraph (a)(1) through (4) of this section will be repeated for each base level, thus establishing city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (6) [Reserved] (7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (b) For each model type, as determined by the Administrator, a city, highway, and combined fuel economy value, CO 2 2 2 (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California and in section 177 states are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy, CO 2 2 (2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by dividing the projected sales of the base level within the model type by the projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.0001. (3)(i) The FTP-based city fuel economy values of the model type (calculated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a fraction determined by dividing: (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by (B) The FTP-based city fuel economy value for the respective base level. (ii) The FTP-based city carbon-related exhaust emission value of the model type (calculated to the nearest gram per mile) are determined by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a product determined by multiplying: (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by (B) The FTP-based city carbon-related exhaust emission value for the respective base level. (iii) The FTP-based city CO 2 (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by (B) The FTP-based city CO 2 (C) Note that the appropriate base level CO 2 2 (4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway, and combined fuel economy values and two separate sets of city, highway, and combined CO 2 (i) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy, CO 2 [76 FR 39552, July 6, 2011, as amended at 81 FR 74002, Oct. 25, 2016; 89 FR 28208, Apr. 18, 2024] § 600.209-12 Calculation of vehicle-specific 5-cycle fuel economy and CO 2 (a) Base level. 2 2 2 (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy and CO 2 2 (2) In order to highlight the fuel efficiency and CO 2 (i) Each additional model type resulting from division of another model type has a unique car line name and that name appears on the label and on the vehicle bearing that label; (ii) The subconfigurations included in the new base levels are not included in any other base level which differs only by basic engine ( i.e., (iii) All subconfigurations within the new base level are represented by test data in accordance with § 600.010(c)(i)(ii). (3) The manufacturer shall supply total model year sales projections for each car line/vehicle subconfiguration combination. (i) Sales projections must be supplied separately for each car line-vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in California and each car line/vehicle subconfiguration intended for sale in the rest of the states if required by the Administrator under paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (ii) Manufacturers shall update sales projections at the time any model type value is calculated for a label value. (iii) The provisions of this paragraph (a)(3) may be satisfied by providing an amended application for certification, as described in § 86.1844 of this chapter. (4) 5-cycle vehicle configuration fuel economy and CO 2 (i) If only one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the fuel economy and CO 2 2 (ii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the vehicle configuration fuel economy values are harmonically averaged in proportion to the respective sales fraction (rounded to the nearest 0.0001) of each vehicle configuration and the resultant fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mile per gallon. (iii) If more than one vehicle configuration within a base level has been tested, the vehicle configuration CO 2 2 (5) The procedure specified in § 600.209-12(a) will be repeated for each base level, thus establishing city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (6) [Reserved] (7) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, the procedures of paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city, highway, and combined fuel economy and CO 2 (i) Calculate the city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (ii) If 5-cycle testing was performed on the alcohol or natural gas test fuel, calculate the city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (b) Model type. 2 2 2 2 (1) If the Administrator determines that automobiles intended for sale in the State of California are likely to exhibit significant differences in fuel economy and CO 2 2 (2) The sales fraction for each base level is calculated by dividing the projected sales of the base level within the model type by the projected sales of the model type and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.0001. (3)(i) The 5-cycle city fuel economy values of the model type (calculated to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) are determined by dividing one by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a base level and which is a fraction determined by dividing: (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by (B) The 5-cycle city fuel economy value for the respective base level. (ii) The 5-cycle city CO 2 (A) The sales fraction of a base level; by (B) The 5-cycle city CO 2 (4) The procedure specified in paragraph (b)(3) of this section is repeated in an analogous manner to determine the highway and combined fuel economy and CO 2 (5) For alcohol dual fuel automobiles and natural gas dual fuel automobiles the procedures of paragraphs (b)(1) through (4) of this section shall be used to calculate two separate sets of city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (i) Calculate the city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (ii) Calculate the city, highway, and combined fuel economy and CO 2 [76 FR 39553, July 6, 2011, as amended at 89 FR 28209, Apr. 18, 2024] § 600.210-12 Calculation of fuel economy and CO 2 (a) General labels. 2 2 2 2 2 2 (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. 2 2 (2) Derived 5-cycle labels. (i)(A) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle city fuel economy using the following equation and coefficients determined by the Administrator: Where: City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. MT FTP FE = the model type FTP-based city fuel economy determined under § 600.208-12(b), rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. (B) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle city CO 2 Derived 5-cycle City CO 2 2 Where: City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. A = 8,887 for gasoline-fueled vehicles, 10,180 for diesel-fueled vehicles, or an appropriate value specified by the Administrator for other fuels. City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. MT FTP CO 2 2 2 (ii)(A) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle highway fuel economy using the equation below and coefficients determined by the Administrator: Where: Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data. Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data. MT HFET FE = the model type highway fuel economy determined under § 600.208-12(b), rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. (B) For each model type, determine the derived five-cycle highway CO 2 Derived 5-cycle Highway CO 2 Highway Intercept A Highway Slope MT HFET CO 2 Where: Highway Intercept A Highway Slope MT HFET CO 2 2 2 (iii) Unless and until superseded by written guidance from the Administrator, the following intercepts and slopes shall be used in the equations in paragraphs (a)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section: City Intercept = 0.004091. City Slope = 1.1601. Highway Intercept = 0.003191. Highway Slope = 1.2945. (iv) The Administrator will periodically update the slopes and intercepts through guidance and will determine the model year that the new coefficients must take effect. The Administrator will issue guidance no later than six months prior to the earliest starting date of the effective model year (e.g., for 2011 models, the earliest start of the model year is January 2, 2010, so guidance would be issued by July 1, 2009.) Until otherwise instructed by written guidance from the Administrator, manufacturers must use the coefficients that are currently in effect. (3) General alternate fuel economy and CO 2 emissions label values for dual fuel vehicles. Where: FE alt 5cycle FE gas FE gas The result, rounded to the nearest whole number, is the alternate fuel label value for dual fuel vehicles. (B) City and Highway CO 2 Where: CO2 alt 2 5cycle CO2 gas 2 CO2 gas 2 The result, rounded to the nearest whole number, is the alternate fuel CO 2 (ii) Optionally, if complete 5-cycle testing has been performed using the alternate fuel, the manufacturer may choose to use the alternate fuel label city or highway fuel economy and CO 2 (4) General alternate fuel economy and CO 2 emissions label values for electric vehicles. 2 2 (5) General alternate fuel economy and CO 2 emissions label values for fuel cell vehicles. 2 2 (b) Specific labels. 2 2 2 2 (1) Vehicle-specific 5-cycle labels. 2 2 (2) Derived 5-cycle labels. (i)(A) Determine the derived five-cycle city fuel economy of the vehicle configuration using the equation below and coefficients determined by the Administrator: Where: City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. Config FTP FE = the vehicle configuration FTP-based city fuel economy determined under § 600.206, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. (B) Determine the derived five-cycle city CO 2 Derived 5-cycle City CO 2 2 Where: City Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. City Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle city fuel economy data. Config FTP CO 2 2 2 (ii)(A) Determine the derived five-cycle highway fuel economy of the vehicle configuration using the equation below and coefficients determined by the Administrator: Where: Highway Intercept = Intercept determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data. Highway Slope = Slope determined by the Administrator based on historic vehicle-specific 5-cycle highway fuel economy data. Config HFET FE = the vehicle configuration highway fuel economy determined under § 600.206, rounded to the nearest tenth. (B) Determine the derived five-cycle highway CO 2 Derived 5-cycle city Highway CO 2 Highway Intercept + Highway Slope · Config HFET CO 2 Where: Highway Intercept Highway Slope Config HFET CO 2 2 (iii) The slopes and intercepts of paragraph (a)(2)(iii) of this section apply. (3) Specific alternative fuel economy and CO 2 emissions label values for dual fuel vehicles. (A) Specific city and highway fuel economy label values for dual fuel alcohol-based and natural gas vehicles when using the alternative fuel are separately determined by the following calculation: Where: FE alt 5cycle FE gas FE gas (B) Specific city and highway CO 2 Where: CO2 alt 2 5cycle CO2 gas 2 CO2 gas 2 (ii) Optionally, if complete 5-cycle testing has been performed using the alternative fuel, the manufacturer may choose to use the alternative fuel label city or highway fuel economy and CO 2 (4) Specific alternative fuel economy and CO 2 emissions label values for electric vehicles. 2 2 (5) Specific alternate fuel economy and CO 2 emissions label values for fuel cell vehicles. 2 2 (c) Calculating combined fuel economy. (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, and for dual fuel automobiles that can operate on gasoline or diesel fuel, harmonically average the unrounded city and highway fuel economy values, determined in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this section and (b)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round the result to the nearest whole mpg. (An example of this calculation procedure appears in Appendix II of this part). (ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles operated on the alternate fuel, harmonically average the unrounded city and highway values from the tests performed using the alternative fuel as determined in paragraphs (a)(3) and (b)(3) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round the result to the nearest whole mpg. (iii) For electric vehicles, calculate the combined fuel economy, in miles per kW-hr and miles per gasoline gallon equivalent, by harmonically averaging the unrounded city and highway values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round miles per kW-hr to the nearest 0.001 and round miles per gasoline gallon equivalent to the nearest whole number. (iv) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate a combined fuel economy value, in miles per gasoline gallon equivalent as follows: (A) Determine city and highway fuel economy values for vehicle operation after the battery has been fully discharged (“gas only operation” or “charge-sustaining mode”) as described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. (B) Determine city and highway fuel economy values for vehicle operation starting with a full battery charge (“all-electric operation” or “gas plus electric operation”, as appropriate, or “charge-depleting mode”) as described in § 600.116. For battery energy, convert W-hour/mile results to miles per gasoline gallon equivalent or miles per diesel gallon equivalent, as applicable. Note that you must also express battery-based fuel economy values in miles per kW-hr for calculating annual fuel cost as described in § 600.311. (C) Calculate a composite city fuel economy value and a composite highway fuel economy value by combining the separate results for battery and engine operation using the procedures described in § 600.116). Apply the derived 5-cycle adjustment to these composite values. Use these values to calculate the vehicle's combined fuel economy as described in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section. (v) For fuel cell vehicles, calculate the combined fuel economy, in miles per kilogram and miles per gasoline gallon equivalent, by harmonically averaging the unrounded city and highway values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. Round miles per kilogram to the nearest whole number and round miles per gasoline gallon equivalent to the nearest whole number. (2) For the purposes of calculating the combined CO 2 (i) For gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, and natural gas-fueled automobiles, and for dual fuel automobiles that can operate on gasoline or diesel fuel, arithmetically average the unrounded city and highway values, determined in paragraphs (a)(1) or (2) of this section and (b)(1) or (2) of this section, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, and round to the nearest whole gram per mile; or (ii) For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles operated on the alternate fuel, arithmetically average the unrounded city and highway CO 2 (iii) CO 2 2 (iv) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate combined CO 2 (A) Determine city and highway CO 2 (B) Determine city and highway CO 2 2 2 (C) Calculate a composite city CO 2 2 2 (d) Calculating combined fuel economy, CO 2 emissions, and driving range. 2 2 2 (2) If the criteria in § 600.115 are not met for a model type, the city and highway fuel economy and CO 2 (3) Manufacturers may use one of the following methods to determine 5-cycle values for fuel economy, CO 2 (i) Generate 5-cycle data as described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section using the procedures of SAE J1634 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011) with amendments and revisions as described in § 600.116-12(a). (ii) Multiply 2-cycle fuel economy values and driving range by 0.7 and divide 2-cycle CO 2 (iii) Manufacturers may ask the Administrator to approve adjustment factors for deriving 5-cycle fuel economy results from 2-cycle test data based on operating data from their in-use vehicles. Such data should be collected from multiple vehicles with different drivers over a range of representative driving routes and conditions. The Administrator may approve such an adjustment factor for any of the manufacturer's vehicle models that are properly represented by the collected data. (e) Fuel economy values and other information for advanced technology vehicles. 2 (2) For advanced technology vehicles, the Administrator may prescribe special methods for determining information other than fuel economy that is required to be displayed on fuel economy labels as specified in § 600.302-12(e). (f) Sample calculations. [76 FR 39554, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63183, Oct. 15, 2012; 81 FR 74002, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4483, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28209, Apr. 18, 2024; 91 FR 7772, Feb. 18, 2026] Subpart D—Fuel Economy Labeling Source: 41 FR 49761, Nov. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted. § 600.301 Labeling requirements. (a) Prior to being offered for sale, each manufacturer shall affix or cause to be affixed and each dealer shall maintain or cause to be maintained on each automobile: (1) A general fuel economy label (initial, or updated as required in § 600.314) as described in § 600.302 or: (2) A specific label, for those automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that occurs 15 days after general labels have been determined by the manufacturer, as described in § 600.210-08(b) or § 600.210-12(b). (i) If the manufacturer elects to use a specific label within a model type (as defined in § 600.002, he shall also affix specific labels on all automobiles within this model type, except on those automobiles manufactured or imported before the date that labels are required to bear range values as required by paragraph (b) of this section, or determined by the Administrator, or as permitted under § 600.310. (ii) If a manufacturer elects to change from general to specific labels or vice versa within a model type, the manufacturer shall, within five calendar days, initiate or discontinue as applicable, the use of specific labels on all vehicles within a model type at all facilities where labels are affixed. (3) For any vehicle for which a specific label is requested which has a combined FTP/HFET-based fuel economy value, as determined in § 600.513, at or below the minimum tax-free value, the following statement must appear on the specific label: “[Manufacturer's name] may have to pay IRS a Gas Guzzler Tax on this vehicle because of the low fuel economy.” (4)(i) At the time a general fuel economy value is determined for a model type, a manufacturer shall, except as provided in paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section, relabel, or cause to be relabeled, vehicles which: (A) Have not been delivered to the ultimate purchaser, and (B) Have a combined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel economy value (as determined in § 600.208-08(b) or § 600.208-12(b) of 0.1 mpg or more below the lowest fuel economy value at which a Gas Guzzler Tax of $0 is to be assessed. (ii) The manufacturer has the option of re-labeling vehicles during the first five working days after the general label value is known. (iii) For those vehicle model types which have been issued a specific label and are subsequently found to have tax liability, the manufacturer is responsible for the tax liability regardless of whether the vehicle has been sold or not or whether the vehicle has been relabeled or not. (b) The manufacturer shall include the current range of fuel economy of comparable automobiles (as described in §§ 600.311 and 600.314) in the label of each vehicle manufactured or imported more than 15 calendar days after the current range is made available by the Administrator. (1) Automobiles manufactured or imported before a date 16 or more calendar days after the initial label range is made available under § 600.311 shall include the range from the previous model year. (2) Automobiles manufactured or imported more than 15 calendar days after the label range is made available under § 600.311 shall be labeled with the current range of fuel economy of comparable automobiles as approved for that label. (c) The fuel economy label must be readily visible from the exterior of the automobile and remain affixed until the time the automobile is delivered to the ultimate consumer. (1) It is preferable that the fuel economy label information be incorporated into the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label, provided that the prominence and legibility of the fuel economy label is maintained. For this purpose, all fuel economy label information must be placed on a separate section in the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label and may not be intermixed with that label information, except for vehicle descriptions as noted in § 600.303-08(d)(1). (2) The fuel economy label must be located on a side window. If the window is not large enough to contain both the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label and the fuel economy label, the manufacturer shall have the fuel economy label affixed on another window and as close as possible to the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label. (3) The manufacturer shall have the fuel economy label affixed in such a manner that appearance and legibility are maintained until after the vehicle is delivered to the ultimate consumer. (d) The labeling requirements specified in this subpart for 2008 model year vehicles continue to apply through the 2011 model year. In the 2012 model year, manufacturers may label their vehicles as specified in this subpart for either 2008 or 2012 model years. The labeling requirements specified in this subpart for 2012 model year vehicles are mandatory for 2013 and later model years. [76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] § 600.302-12 Fuel economy label—general provisions. This section describes labeling requirements and specifications that apply to all vehicles. The requirements and specifications in this section and those in §§ 600.304 through 600.310 are illustrated in Appendix VI of this part. (a) Basic format. (b) Border. (1) In the left portion of the upper border, include “EPA” and “DOT” with a horizontal line in between (“EPA divided by DOT”). (2) Immediately to the right of the Agency names, include the heading “Fuel Economy and Environment”. (3) Identify the vehicle's fuel type on the right-most portion of the upper border in a blue-colored field as follows: (i) For vehicles designed to operate on a single fuel, identify the appropriate fuel. For example, identify the vehicle as “Gasoline Vehicle”, “Diesel Vehicle”, “Compressed Natural Gas Vehicle”, “Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle”, etc. This includes hybrid electric vehicles that do not have plug-in capability. Include a logo corresponding to the fuel to the left of this designation as follows: (A) For gasoline, include a fuel pump logo. (B) For diesel fuel, include a fuel pump logo with a “D” inscribed in the base of the fuel pump. (C) For natural gas, include the established CNG logo. (D) For hydrogen fuel cells, include the expression “H 2 (ii) Identify flexible-fuel vehicles and dual-fuel vehicles as “Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Gasoline-Ethanol (E85)”, “Flexible-Fuel Vehicle Diesel-Natural Gas”, etc. Include a fuel pump logo or a combination of logos to the left of this designation as appropriate. For example, for vehicles that operate on gasoline or ethanol, include a fuel pump logo and the designation “E85”. (iii) Identify plug-in hybrid electric vehicles as “Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Electricity-Gasoline” or “Plug-In Hybrid Vehicle Electricity-Diesel”. Include a fuel pump logo as specified in paragraph (b)(3)(i) of this section and an electric plug logo to the left of this designation. (iv) Identify electric vehicles as “Electric Vehicle”. Include an electric plug logo to the left of this designation. (4) Include the following statement in the upper left portion of the lower border: “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a b c d a, b, c, d, (5) In the lower left portion of the lower border, include the Web site reference, “fueleconomy.gov”, and the following statement: “Calculate personalized estimates and compare vehicles”. (6) Include a field in the right-most portion of the lower border to allow for accessing interactive information with mobile electronic devices. To do this, include an image of a QR code that will direct mobile electronic devices to an EPA-specified Web site with fuel economy information. Generate the QR code as specified in ISO/IEC 18004 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011). To the left of the QR code, include the vertically oriented caption “Smartphone QR Code TM (7) Along the lower edge of the lower border, to the left of the field with the QR Code, include the logos for EPA, the Department of Transportation, and the Department of Energy. (c) Fuel economy and cost values. (1) The elements specified in this paragraph (c)(1) for vehicles that run on gasoline or diesel fuel with no plug-in capability. See §§ 600.304 through 600.310 for specifications that apply for other vehicles. (i) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (ii) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (iii) The fuel pump logo to the left of the combined fuel economy value. For diesel fuel, include a fuel pump logo with a “D” inscribed in the base of the fuel pump. (iv) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy rating as follows: (A) Include the term “MPG” in the upper portion of the designated space. (B) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (C) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (v) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, below the combined fuel economy value, followed by the expression “gallons per 100 miles”. (2) In the upper middle portion of the field, include the following statement: “___ range from x y z x, y, z, (3) Include one of the following statements in the right side of the field: (i) For vehicles with calculated fuel costs higher than the average vehicle as specified in § 600.311: “You spend $ x (ii) For all other vehicles: “You save $ x (d) Annual fuel cost. x”. (e) Performance ratings. (1) The heading, “Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Rating (tailpipe only)” in the top left corner of the field. (2) A slider bar below the heading in the left portion of the field to characterize the vehicle's fuel economy and greenhouse gas ratings, as determined in § 600.311. Position a box with a downward-pointing wedge above the slider bar positioned to show where that vehicle's fuel economy rating falls relative to the total range; include the vehicle's fuel economy rating inside the box. If the greenhouse gas rating from § 600.311 is different than the fuel economy rating, position a second box with an upward-pointing wedge below the slider bar positioned to show where that vehicle's greenhouse gas rating falls relative to the total range; include the vehicle's greenhouse gas rating inside the box. Include the expression “CO 2 (3) The heading, “Smog Rating (tailpipe only)” in the top right corner of the field. (4) Insert a slider bar in the right portion of the field to characterize the vehicle's level of emission control for ozone-related air pollutants relative to that of all vehicles. Position a box with a downward-pointing wedge above the slider bar positioned to show where that vehicle's emission rating falls relative to the total range. Include the vehicle's emission rating (as described in § 600.311) inside the box. Include the number 1 in the border at the left end of the slider bar; include the number 10 in the border at the right end of the slider bar and add the term “Best” below the slider bar, directly under the number. EPA will periodically calculate and publish updated range values as described in § 600.311. Add color to the slider bar such that it is blue at the left end of the range, white at the right end of the range, and shaded continuously across the range. (5) The following statements below the slider bars: “This vehicle emits x 2 x, 2 (f) Vehicle description. (1) Model year. (2) Vehicle car line. (3) Engine displacement, in cubic inches, cubic centimeters, or liters whichever is consistent with the customary description of that engine. (4) Transmission class. (5) Other descriptive information, as necessary, such as number of engine cylinders, to distinguish otherwise identical model types or, in the case of specific labels, vehicle configurations, as approved by the Administrator. (g) [Reserved] (h) Gas guzzler provisions. x x (i) Alternative label provisions for special cases. (j) Rounding. (k) Updating information. [76 FR 39559, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011] § 600.303-12 Fuel economy label—special requirements for flexible-fuel vehicles. Fuel economy labels for flexible-fuel vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the modifications described in this section. This section describes how to label flexible-fuel vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, all the references to “gas” or “gasoline” in this section are understood to refer to “diesel” or “diesel fuel”, respectively. All values described in this section are based on gasoline operation, unless otherwise specifically noted. (a) For qualifying vehicles, include the following additional sentence in the statement identified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “This is a dual fueled automobile.” See the definition of “dual fueled automobile” in § 600.002. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) The fuel pump logo and other logos as specified in § 600.302-12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPG” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “gallons per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) Add the following statement after the statements described in § 600.302-12(c)(2): “Values are based on gasoline and do not reflect performance and ratings based on E85.” Adjust this statement as appropriate for vehicles designed to operate on different fuels. (c) You may include the sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value, with range bars below this sub-heading as follows: (1) Insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive from a full tank of gasoline. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Include the following left-justified expression inside the range bar: “Gasoline: x miles”. Complete the expression by identifying the appropriate value for total driving range from § 600.311. (2) Insert a second horizontal range bar as described in paragraph ( c 1 [76 FR 39561, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63183, Oct. 15, 2012] § 600.304-12 Fuel economy label—special requirements for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Fuel economy labels for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the following modifications: (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a b c d a, b, c, d, (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) The logo specified in § 600.302-12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “kg H 2 (6) The sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive when fully fueled. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Include the following left-justified expression inside the range bar: “When fully fueled, vehicle can travel about * * *”. Below the right end of the range bar, include the expression “ x [76 FR 39561, July 6, 2011] § 600.306-12 Fuel economy label—special requirements for compressed natural gas vehicles. Fuel economy labels for dedicated natural gas vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the following modifications: (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a b c d a, b, c, d, (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) The logo specified in § 600.302-12(b)(3)(ii) to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy ratings to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “equivalent gallons per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) The sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive when fully fueled. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Include the following left-justified expression inside the range bar: “When fully fueled, vehicle can travel about * * *””. Below the right end of the range bar, include the expression “ x [76 FR 39562, July 6, 2011] § 600.308-12 Fuel economy label format requirements—plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Fuel economy labels for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the exceptions and additional specifications described in this section. This section describes how to label vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. If the vehicle has a diesel engine, all the references to “gas” or “gasoline” in this section are understood to refer to “diesel” or “diesel fuel”, respectively. (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a b c d e a, b, c, d, e, (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. Include the statement specified in § 600.312-12(c)(2) to the right of the heading. (2) An outlined box below the heading with the following information: (i) The sub-heading “Electricity” if the vehicle's engine starts only after the battery is fully discharged, or “Electricity + Gasoline” if the vehicle uses combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged. (ii) The expression “Charge Time: x x (iii) The combined fuel economy value for the charge-depleting mode of operation as determined in § 600.311 below the charge time. Include the expression “combined city/highway” below this number. (iv) An electric plug logo to the left of the combined fuel economy value. For vehicles that use combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged, also include the fuel pump logo. (v) The units identifier and consumption ratings to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (A) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (B) If the vehicle's engine starts only after the battery is fully discharged, identify the vehicle's electricity consumption rate as specified in § 600.311. Below the number, include the expression: “kW-hrs per 100 miles”. (C) If the vehicle uses combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged, identify the vehicle's gasoline consumption rate as specified in § 600.311; to the right of this number, include the expression: “gallons per 100 miles”. Below the gasoline consumption rate, identify the vehicle's electricity consumption rate as specified in § 600.311; to the right of this number, include the expression: “kW-hrs per 100 miles”. (3) A second outlined box to the right of the box described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section with the following information: (i) The sub-heading “Gasoline Only”. (ii) The combined fuel economy value for operation after the battery is fully discharged as determined in § 600.311 below the sub-heading. Include the expression “combined city/highway” below this number. (iii) A fuel pump logo to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (iv) The units identifier and consumption rating to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (A) Include the term “MPG” in the upper portion of the designated space. (B) Identify the vehicle's gasoline consumption rate as specified in § 600.311. Below this number, include the expression: “gallons per 100 miles”. (4) Insert a horizontal range bar below the boxes specified in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section that shows how far the vehicle can drive before the battery is fully discharged, and also how far the vehicle can drive before running out of fuel, as described in § 600.311. Scale the range bar such that the driving range at the point of fully discharging the battery is directly between the two boxes. Identify the driving range up to fully discharging the battery underneath that point on the range bar (e.g., “50 miles”). Use solid black for the gasoline-only portion of the range bar. Include the left-justified expression “Gasoline only” in the gasoline-only portion of the range bar. Similarly, in the electric portion of the range bar, include the left-justified expression “All electric range” if the vehicle's engine starts only after the battery is fully discharged, or “Electricity + Gasoline” if the vehicle uses combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Extend an arrow from the battery portion of the range bar up to the right side of the box described in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. Similarly, extend an arrow from the gasoline-only portion of the range bar up to the left side of the box described in paragraph (b)(3) of this section. Include numbers below the bar showing the scale, with at least three evenly spaced increments to cover operation before the battery is fully discharged. Include one more increment using that same scale into the gasoline-only portion of the range bar. Indicate a broken line toward the right end of the range bar, followed by the vehicle's total driving distance before running out of fuel, as described in § 600.311. Adjust the scale and length of the range bar if the specifications in this paragraph (a)(5) do not work for your vehicle. Include a left-justified heading above the range bar with the expression: “Driving Range”. For vehicles that use combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged, add the following statement below the range bar described in this paragraph (b)(4): “All electric range = x miles”; complete the expression by identifying the appropriate value for driving range starting from a full battery before the engine starts as described in § 600.311. (c) Include the following statement instead of the one identified in § 600.302-12(c)(5): “This vehicle emits x 2 x, 2 [76 FR 39562, July 6, 2011] § 600.310-12 Fuel economy label format requirements—electric vehicles. Fuel economy labels for electric vehicles must meet the specifications described in § 600.302, with the following modifications: (a) Include the following statement instead of the statement specified in § 600.302-12(b)(4): “Actual results will vary for many reasons, including driving conditions and how you drive and maintain your vehicle. The average new vehicle gets a MPG and costs $ b to fuel over 5 years. Cost estimates are based on c miles per year at $ d per kW-hr. MPGe is miles per gasoline gallon equivalent. Vehicle emissions are a significant cause of climate change and smog.” For a, b, c, and d, insert the appropriate values established by EPA. (b) Include the following elements instead of the information identified in § 600.302-12(c)(1): (1) The heading “Fuel Economy” near the top left corner of the field. (2) The combined fuel economy value as determined in § 600.311 below the heading. Include the expression “combined city/hwy” below this number. (3) An electric plug logo to the left of the combined fuel economy value. (4) The units identifier and specific fuel economy values to the right of the combined fuel economy value as follows: (i) Include the term “MPGe” in the upper portion of the designated space. (ii) Include the city fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower left portion of the designated space. Include the expression “city” below this number. (iii) Include the highway fuel economy value determined in § 600.311 in the lower right portion of the designated space. Include the expression “highway” below this number. (5) The fuel consumption rate determined in § 600.311, to the right of the fuel economy information. Include the expression “kW-hrs per 100 miles” below the numerical value. (6) The sub-heading “Driving Range” below the combined fuel economy value. Below this sub-heading, insert a horizontal range bar nominally 80 mm long to show how far the vehicle can drive when fully fueled. Include a vehicle logo at the right end of the range bar. Include the following left-justified expression inside the range bar: “When fully charged, vehicle can travel about * * *”. Below the right end of the range bar, include the expression “ x (7) Below the driving range information, the expression “Charge Time: x x (c) Include the following statement instead of the one identified in § 600.302-12(c)(5): “This vehicle emits x 2 x, 2 [76 FR 39563, July 6, 2011, as amended at 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012] § 600.311-12 Determination of values for fuel economy labels. (a) Fuel economy. (b) CO 2 emission rate 2 (c) Fuel consumption rate. (1) For vehicles with engines that are not plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate the fuel consumption rate in gallons per 100 miles (or gasoline gallon equivalent per 100 miles for fuels other than gasoline or diesel fuel) with the following formula, rounded to the first decimal place: Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG Where: MPG = The value for combined fuel economy from § 600.210-12(c), rounded to the nearest whole mpg. (2) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate two separate fuel consumption rates as follows: (i) Calculate the fuel consumption rate based on engine operation after the battery is fully discharged as described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. (ii) Calculate the fuel consumption rate during operation before the battery is fully discharged in kW-hours per 100 miles as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011), as described in § 600.116. (3) For electric vehicles, calculate the fuel consumption rate in kW-hours per 100 miles with the following formula, rounded to the nearest whole number: Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG Where: MPG = The combined fuel economy value from paragraph (a) of this section, in miles per kW-hour. (4) For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, calculate the fuel consumption rate in kilograms of hydrogen per 100 miles with the following formula, rounded to the nearest whole number: Fuel Consumption Rate = 100/MPG Where: MPG = The combined fuel economy value from paragraph (a) of this section, in miles per kilogram of hydrogen. (d) Fuel economy and greenhouse gas ratings. (1) For gasoline-fueled vehicles that are not plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (including flexible fuel vehicles that operate on gasoline), establish a single rating based only on the vehicle's combined fuel economy from paragraph (a) of this section. For all other vehicles, establish a fuel economy rating based on the vehicle's combined fuel economy and establish a separate greenhouse gas rating based on combined CO 2 (2) We will establish the fuel economy rating based on fuel consumption values specified in paragraph (c) of this section. We will establish the value dividing the 5 and 6 ratings based on the fuel consumption corresponding to the projected achieved Corporate Average Fuel Economy level for the applicable model year. This is intended to prevent below-average vehicles from getting an above-average fuel economy rating for the label. We will establish the remaining cutpoints based on a statistical evaluation of available information from the certification database for all model types. Specifically, the mean value plus two standard deviations will define the point between the 1 and 2 ratings. The mean value minus two standard deviations will define the point between the 9 and 10 ratings. The 1 rating will apply for any vehicle with higher fuel consumption rates than the 2 rating; similarly, the 10 rating will apply for any vehicle with lower fuel consumption rates than the 9 rating. We will calculate range values for the remaining intermediate ratings by dividing the range into equal intervals. We will convert the resulting range intervals to equivalent miles-per-gallon values. We will define the greenhouse gas ratings by converting the values from the fuel economy rating intervals to equivalent CO 2 2 (e) Annual fuel cost. (1) Except as specified in paragraph (e)(3) of this section, calculate the total annual fuel cost with the following formula, rounded to nearest $50: Annual Fuel Cost = Fuel Price/MPG × Average Annual Miles Where: Fuel Price = The estimated fuel price provided by EPA for the type of fuel required for the vehicle. The units are dollars per gallon for gasoline and diesel fuel, dollars per gasoline gallon equivalent for natural gas, dollars per kW-hr for plug-in electricity, and dollars per kilogram of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. MPG = The combined fuel economy value from paragraph (a) of this section. The units are miles per gallon for gasoline and diesel fuel, miles per gasoline gallon equivalent for natural gas, miles per kW-hr for plug-in electricity, and miles per kilogram of hydrogen for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Average Annual Miles = The estimated annual mileage figure provided by EPA, in miles. (2) For dual fuel vehicles and flexible fuel vehicles, disregard operation on the alternative fuel. (3) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, calculate annual fuel cost as described in this paragraph (e)(3). This description applies for vehicles whose engine starts only after the battery is fully discharged. Use good engineering judgment to extrapolate this for calculating annual fuel cost for vehicles that use combined power from the battery and the engine before the battery is fully discharged. Calculate annual fuel cost as follows: (i) Determine the charge-depleting ranges for city and highway operation as described in paragraph (j)(4)(i) of this section. Adjust each of these values for 5-cycle operation. (ii) Calculate multi-day individual utility factors (UF) as described in § 600.116 corresponding to the driving ranges from paragraph (e)(3)(i) of this section. (iii) Calculate values for the vehicle's average fuel economy over the charge-depleting range (in miles per kW-hr) for city and highway operation as described in § 600.210. Adjust each of these values for 5-cycle operation. Convert these to $/mile values by dividing the appropriate fuel price from paragraph (e)(1) of this section by the average fuel economy determined in this paragraph (e)(3)(iii). (iv) Calculate values for the vehicle's average fuel economy over the charge-sustaining range (in miles per gallon) for city and highway operation as described in § 600.210-12. Adjust each of these values for 5-cycle operation. Convert these to $/mile values by dividing the appropriate fuel price from paragraph (e)(1) of this section by the average fuel economy determined in this paragraph (e)(3)(iv). (v) Calculate a composite $/mile value for city driving using the following equation: $/mile = $/mile CD CS (vi) Repeat the calculation in paragraph (e)(3)(v) of this section for highway driving. (vii) Calculate the annual fuel cost based on the combined values for city and highway driving using the following equation: Annual fuel cost = ($/milecity × 0.55 + $/milehwy × 0.45) × Average Annual Miles (4) Round the annual fuel cost to the nearest $50 by dividing the unrounded annual fuel cost by 50, then rounding the result to the nearest whole number, then multiplying this rounded result by 50 to determine the annual fuel cost to be used for purposes of labeling. (f) Fuel savings. (g) Smog rating. 2 Table 1 to Paragraph (g) Rating U.S. EPA emission standard California Air Resources Board emission standard 1 ULEV 125. 2 Bin 65 or Bin 70 ULEV70. 3 Bin 55 or Bin 60 ULEV60. 4 Bin 45 or Bin 50 ULEV50. 5 Bin 35 or Bin 40 ULEV40. 6 Bin 25 or Bin 30 SULEV25 or SULEV30. 7 Bin 15 or Bin 20 SULEV15 or SULEV20. 8 Bin 10 9 Bin 5 10 Bin 0 ZEV. Table 2 to Paragraph (g) Rating U.S. EPA Tier 3 or Tier 4 emission standard California Air Resources Board LEV III or LEV IV 1 Bin 160 LEV 160. 2 Bin 125 ULEV125. 4 Bin 55 through Bin 70 ULEV70 or ULEV60. 5 Bin 35 through Bin 50 ULEV50 or ULEV40. 6 Bin 25 or Bin 30 SULEV 25 or SULEV30. 7 Bin 15 or Bin 20 SULEV 15 or SULEV20. 8 Bin 10 9 Bin 5 10 Bin 0 ZEV. Table 3 to Paragraph (g) Rating U.S. EPA Tier 3 emission standard U.S EPA Tier 2 emission standard California Air Resources Board LEV III emission standard 1 Bin 160 Bin 5 through Bin 8 LEV 160. 3 Bin 125, Bin 110 Bin 4 ULEV125. 5 Bin 85, Bin 70 Bin 3 ULEV70. 6 Bin 50 ULEV50. 7 Bin 30 Bin 2 SULEV30. 8 Bin 20 SULEV20. 10 Bin 0 Bin 1 ZEV. (h) Ranges of fuel economy and CO 2 emission values 2 (i) [Reserved] (j) Driving range. (1) For vehicles operating on nonpressurized liquid fuels, determine the vehicle's driving range in miles by multiplying the combined fuel economy described in paragraph (a) of this section by the vehicle's usable fuel storage capacity, rounded to the nearest whole number. (2) For electric vehicles, determine the vehicle's overall driving range as described in Section 8 of SAE J1634 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011), with amendments and revisions as described in § 600.116. Determine separate range values for FTP-based city and HFET-based highway driving. Adjust these values to represent 5-cycle values as described in § 600.210-12(d)(3), then combine them arithmetically by averaging the two values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45, respectively, and rounding to the nearest whole number. (3) For natural gas vehicles, determine the vehicle's driving range in miles by multiplying the combined fuel economy described in paragraph (a) of this section by the vehicle's usable fuel storage capacity (expressed in gasoline gallon equivalents), rounded to the nearest whole number. (4) For plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, determine the adjusted charge-depleting (Rcda) driving range, the adjusted all electric driving range (if applicable), and overall adjusted driving range as described in SAE J1711 (incorporated by reference in § 600.011), as described in § 600.116, as follows: (i) Determine the vehicle's Actual Charge-Depleting Range, R cda (ii) Use good engineering judgment to calculate the vehicle's operating distance before the fuel tank is empty when starting with a full fuel tank and a fully charged battery, consistent with the procedure and calculation specified in this paragraph (j), rounded to the nearest 10 miles. (5) For hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, determine the vehicle's driving range in miles by multiplying the combined fuel economy described in paragraph (a) of this section by the vehicle's usable fuel storage capacity (expressed in kilograms of hydrogen), rounded to the nearest whole number. (k) Charge time. (l) California-specific values. [76 FR 39563, July 6, 2011, as amended at 76 FR 57380, Sept. 15, 2011; 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012; 79 FR 23747, Apr. 28, 2014; 81 FR 74002, Oct. 25, 2016; 88 FR 4483, Jan. 24, 2023; 89 FR 28210, Apr. 18, 2024] § 600.312-08 Labeling, reporting, and recordkeeping; Administrator reviews. (a)(1) The manufacturer shall determine label values (general and specific) using the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this part and submit the label values, and the data sufficient to calculate the label values, to the Administrator according to the timetable specified in § 600.313. (2) Except under paragraph (a)(4) of this section, the manufacturer is not required to obtain Administrator approval of label values prior to the introduction of vehicles for sale. (3) The label values that the manufacturer calculates and submits under paragraph (a)(1) of this section shall constitute the EPA fuel economy estimates unless the Administrator determines that they are not calculated according to the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this part. (4) If required by the Administrator, the manufacturer shall obtain Administrator approval of label values prior to affixing labels to vehicles. (5)(i) If at any time during the model year, any label values are determined not to be calculated according to the procedures specified in subparts C and D of this part, the Administrator shall notify the manufacturer in writing. (ii) If the Administrator has sufficient information to enable calculation of the correct label values, this notification shall specify the correct label values which constitute the EPA Fuel Economy Estimates. (iii) If additional information is required, the Administrator shall request such additional information and a recalculation of the label value by the manufacturer. (6) If the Administrator determines revised label values under paragraph (a)(5) of this section are lower than the label values calculated by the manufacturer, the manufacturer shall affix the revised labels to all affected new vehicles which are unsold beginning no later than 15 calendar days after the date of notification by the Administrator. (b)(1) The manufacturer is responsible for affixing vehicle labels that meet the format and content requirements of this subpart. (2) The manufacturer shall retain for examination, at the Administrator's discretion, typical label formats representing all information required on the manufacturer's fuel economy labels. The information shall include the text of all required and voluntary information as well as the size and color of print and paper, spacing, and location of all printed information. Where the fuel economy label is incorporated with the Automobile Information Disclosure Act label, the above requirements pertain to those sections of the label concerning fuel economy labeling information. (3) If the Administrator determines upon examination of record that the label format or content do not meet the requirements of this subpart, the Administrator may: (i) Require the manufacturer to make specific changes in subsequent labels, and (ii) Require such changes to be implemented on a reasonable timetable, but no sooner than 15 days from the date of notification to the manufacturer. [49 FR 13852, Apr. 6, 1984. Redesignated at 76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] § 600.313-08 Timetable for data and information submittal and review. (a) A manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator fuel economy label values and sufficient information to determine fuel economy label values within the following time constraints (except for manufacturers designated under § 600.312(a)(4) who shall submit the information no later than thirty calendar days prior to the date the model type [vehicle] is initially offered for sale. (1) For initial general label values, no later than five working days before the date that the model type is initially offered for sale; (2) For specific label values, no later than five working days before any vehicles are offered for sale; (3) For model types having label values updated because of running changes (as required under § 600.314(b)), the submission must be made at least five working days before the date of implementation of the running change. (b) A manufacturer may not proceed with any label calculation until the data from each vehicle used in such calculation satisfies the requirements of § 600.008, except as allowed under the provisions of § 600.314-01(e) and approved by the Administrator. (c) If the Administrator has waived any testing in paragraph (b) of this section and subsequently finds that the decision to waive testing was based on an incorrect data submission or that a fuel economy offset exists (based on subsequent testing of that manufacturer's product line), the Administrator may require confirmation of the data generated by any such waived vehicle. [64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999. Redesignated at 76 FR 39558, July 6, 2011] § 600.314-08 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles. (a) The label values established in § 600.312 shall remain in effect for the model year unless updated in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall recalculate the model type fuel economy values for any model type containing base levels affected by running changes specified in § 600.507. (2) For separate model types created in § 600.209-08(a)(2) or § 600.209-12(a)(2), the manufacturer shall recalculate the model type values for any additions or deletions of subconfigurations to the model type. Minimum data requirements specified in § 600.010(c) shall be met prior to recalculation. (3) Label value recalculations shall be performed as follows: (i) The manufacturer shall use updated total model year projected sales for label value recalculations. (ii) All model year data approved by the Administrator at the time of the recalculation for that model type shall be included in the recalculation. (iii) Using the additional data under this paragraph (b), the manufacturer shall calculate new model type city and highway values in accordance with § 600.210 except that the values shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (iv) The existing label values, calculated in accordance with § 600.210, shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (4)(i) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the respective city or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 1.0 mpg or more, the manufacturer shall affix labels with the recalculated model type values (rounded to the nearest whole mpg) to all new vehicles of that model type beginning on the day of implementation of the running change. (ii) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is higher than the respective city or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 1.0 mpg or more, then the manufacturer has the option to use the recalculated values for labeling the entire model type beginning on the day of implementation of the running change. (c) For fuel economy labels updated using recalculated fuel economy values determined in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section, the manufacturer shall concurrently update all other label information (e.g., the annual fuel cost, range of comparable vehicles and the applicability of the Gas Guzzler Tax as needed). (d) The Administrator shall periodically update the range of fuel economies of comparable automobiles based upon all label data supplied to the Administrator. (e) The manufacturer may request permission from the Administrator to calculate and use label values based on test data from vehicles which have not completed the Administrator-ordered confirmatory testing required under the provisions of § 600.008-08(b). If the Administrator approves such a calculation the following procedures shall be used to determine if relabeling is required after the confirmatory testing is completed. (1) The Administrator-ordered confirmatory testing shall be completed as quickly as possible. (2) Using the additional data under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall calculate new model type city and highway values in accordance with §§ 600.207 and 600.210 except that the values shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (3) The existing label values, calculated in accordance with § 600.210, shall be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. (4) The manufacturer may need to revise fuel economy labels as follows: (i) If the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the respective city or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 0.5 mpg or more, the manufacturer shall affix labels with the recalculated model type MPG values (rounded to the nearest whole number) to all new vehicles of that model type beginning 15 days after the completion of the confirmatory test. (ii) If both the recalculated city or highway fuel economy value in paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section is less than the respective city or highway value in paragraph (b)(3)(iv) of this section by 0.1 mpg or more and the recalculated gas guzzler tax rate determined under the provisions of § 600.513-08 is larger, the manufacturer shall affix labels with the recalculated model type values and gas guzzler tax statement and rates to all new vehicles of that model type beginning 15 days after the completion of the confirmatory test. (5) For fuel economy labels updated using recalculated fuel economy values determined in accordance with paragraph (e)(4) of this section, the manufacturer shall concurrently update all other label information (e.g., the annual fuel cost, range of comparable vehicles and the applicability of the Gas Guzzler Tax if required by Department of Treasury regulations). [76 FR 39565, July 6, 2011] § 600.315-08 Classes of comparable automobiles. (a) The Secretary will classify automobiles as passenger automobiles or light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) in accordance with 49 CFR part 523. (1) The Administrator will classify passenger automobiles by car line into one of the following classes based on interior volume index or seating capacity except for those passenger automobiles which the Administrator determines are most appropriately placed in a different classification or classed as special purpose vehicles as provided in paragraph (a)(3) of this section. (i) Two seaters. (ii) Minicompact cars. (iii) Subcompact cars. (iv) Compact cars. (v) Midsize cars. (vi) Large cars. (vii) Small station wagons. (viii) Midsize station wagons. (ix) Large station wagons. (2) The Administrator will classify light trucks (nonpassenger automobiles) into the following classes: Small pickup trucks, standard pickup trucks, vans, minivans, and SUVs. Starting in the 2013 model year, SUVs will be divided between small sport utility vehicles and standard sport utility vehicles. Pickup trucks and SUVs are separated by car line on the basis of gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR). For a product line with more than one GVWR, establish the characteristic GVWR value for the product line by calculating the arithmetic average of all distinct GVWR values less than or equal to 8,500 pounds available for that product line. The Administrator may determine that specific light trucks should be most appropriately placed in a different class or in the special purpose vehicle class as provided in paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section, based on the features and characteristics of the specific vehicle, consumer information provided by the manufacturer, and other information available to consumers. (i) Small pickup trucks. Pickup trucks with a GVWR below 6,000 pounds. (ii) Standard pickup trucks. Pickup trucks with a GVWR at or above 6,000 pounds and at or below 8,500 pounds. (iii) Vans. (iv) Minivans. (v) Small sport utility vehicles. Sport utility vehicles with a GVWR below 6,000 pounds. (vi) Standard sport utility vehicles. Sport utility vehicles with a GVWR at or above 6,000 pounds and at or below 10,000 pounds. (3)(i) Special purpose vehicles. (ii) All automobiles which possess features that could apply to two classes will be classified by the Administrator based on the Administrator's judgment on which class of vehicles consumers are more likely to make comparisons. (4) Once a certain car line is classified by the Administrator, the classification will remain in effect for the model year. (b) Interior volume index—passenger automobiles. (2) For all body styles except station wagons and hatchbacks with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with seatbelts as required by DOT safety regulations, interior volume index is the sum, rounded to the nearest 0.1 cubic feet, of the front seat volume, the rear seat volume(s), if applicable, and the luggage capacity. (3) For all station wagons and hatchbacks with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with seatbelts as required by DOT safety regulations, interior volume index is the sum, rounded to the nearest 0.1 cubic feet, of the front seat volume, the rear seat volume, and the cargo volume index. (c) All interior and cargo dimensions are measured in inches to the nearest 0.1 inch. All dimensions and volumes shall be determined from the base vehicles of each body style in each car line, and do not include optional equipment. The dimensions H61, W3, W5, L34, H63, W4, W6, L51, H201, L205, L210, L211, H198, W201, and volume V1 are to be determined in accordance with the procedures outlined in Motor Vehicle Dimensions SAE 1100a (incorporated by reference in § 600.011), except as follows: (1) SAE J1100a(2.3)—Cargo dimensions. (2) SAE J1100a(8)—Luggage capacity. (3) SAE J1100a(7)—Cargo dimensions. (ii) L211—Cargo length at floor-second-hatchback. (iii) H198—Second seatback to load floor height. (d) The front seat volume is calculated in cubic feet by dividing 1,728 into the product of three terms listed below and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.001 cubic feet: (1) H61—Effective head room-front. (2)(i) (W3 + W5 + 5)/2-Average of shoulder and hip room-front, if hip room is more than 5 inches less than shoulder room. (In inches, W3 and W5 are obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section), or (ii) W3-Shoulder room-front, if hip room is not more than 5 inches less than shoulder room. (In inches, W3 is obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section), and (3) L34—Maximum effective leg room-accelerator. (e) The rear seat volume is calculated in cubic feet, for vehicles with a rear seat equipped with rear seat belts (as required by DOT), by dividing 1,728 into the product of three terms listed below and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.001 cubic feet: (1) H63—Effective head room-second. (2)(i) (W4 + W6 + 5)/2-Average of shoulder and hip room-second, if hip room is more than 5 inches less than shoulder room. (In inches, W4 and W6 are obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section), or (ii) W4—Shoulder room-second, if hip room is not more than 5 inches less than shoulder room. (In inches, W4 is obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section), and (3) L51—Minimum effective leg room-second. (f) The luggage capacity is V1, the usable luggage capacity obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section. For passenger automobiles with no rear seat or with a rear seat but no rear seat belts, the area to the rear of the front seat shall be included in the determination of V1, usable luggage capacity, as outlined in paragraph (c) of this section. (g) Cargo volume index. (i) Average cargo width, which is the arithmetic average of: (A) W4—Shoulder room-second (in inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section); and (B) W201—Cargo width-wheelhouse (in inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section). (ii) H201-Cargo height. (iii) L205-Cargo length at belt-second. (2) For hatchbacks, the cargo volume index V11 is calculated, in cubic feet, by dividing 1,728 into the product of three terms and rounding the quotient to the nearest 0.001 cubic foot: (i) Average cargo length, which is the arithmetic average of: (A) L210-Cargo length at second seatback height-hatchback. (In inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section); (B) L211-Cargo length at floor-second-hatchback. (In inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section); (ii) W4-Shoulder room-second. (In inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section); (iii) H198—Second seatback to load floor height. (In inches obtained according to paragraph (c) of this section.) (h) The following data must be submitted to the Administrator no later than the time of a general label request. Data shall be included for each body style in the car line covered by that general label. (1) For all passenger automobiles: (i) Dimensions H61, W3, L34 determined in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (ii) Front seat volume determined in accordance with paragraph (d) of this section. (iii) Dimensions H63, W4, L51 (if applicable) determined in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (iv) Rear seat volume (if applicable) determined in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. (v) The interior volume index determined in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section for: (A) Each body style, and (B) The car line. (vi) The class of the car line as determined in paragraph (a) of this section. (2) For all passenger automobiles except station wagons and hatchbacks with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety regulations: (i) The quantity and letter designation of the pieces of the standard luggage set installed in the vehicle in the determination of usable luggage capacity V1, and (ii) The usable luggage capacity V1, determined in accordance with paragraph (f) of this section. (3) For station wagons with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety regulations: (i) The dimensions H201, L205, and W201 determined in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section, and (ii) The cargo volume index V10 determined in accordance with paragraph (g)(1) of this section. (4) For hatchbacks with more than one seat (e.g., with a second or third seat) equipped with seat belts as required by DOT safety regulations: (i) The dimensions L210, L211, and H198 determined in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (ii) The cargo volume index V11 determined in accordance with paragraph (g)(2) of this section. (5) For pickup trucks: (i) All GVWR's of less than or equal to 8,500 pounds available in the car line. (ii) The arithmetic average GVWR for the car line. [71 FR 77952, Dec. 27, 2006; 72 FR 7921, Feb. 21, 2007, as amended at 74 FR 61552, Nov. 25, 2009; 76 FR 39566, July 6, 2011] § 600.316-08 Multistage manufacture. Where more than one person is the manufacturer of a vehicle, the final stage manufacturer (as defined in 49 CFR 529.3) is treated as the vehicle manufacturer for purposes of compliance with this subpart. [76 FR 39566, July 6, 2011] Subpart E—Dealer Availability of Fuel Economy Information Source: 41 FR 49764, Nov. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted. § 600.405-08 Dealer requirements. (a) Each dealer shall prominently display at each location where new automobiles are offered for sale a copy of the annual Fuel Economy Guide containing the information specified in § 600.407. The Fuel Economy Guide may be made available either in hard copy or electronically via an on-site computer available for prospective purchasers to view and print as desired. The dealer shall provide this information without charge. The dealer will be expected to make this information available as soon as it is received by the dealer, but in no case later than 15 working days after notification is given of its availability. The Department of Energy will annually notify dealers of the availability of the information with instructions on how to obtain it either electronically or in hard copy. (b) The dealer shall display the Fuel Economy Guide, or a notice of where the customer can electronically access the Fuel Economy Guide, in the same manner and in each location used to display brochures describing the automobiles offered for sale by the dealer. The notice shall include a link to the official Web site where this information is contained ( http://www.fueleconomy.gov. (c) The dealer shall display the booklet applicable to each model year automobile offered for sale at the location. [71 FR 77954, Dec. 27, 2006] § 600.407-08 Booklets displayed by dealers. (a) Booklets displayed by dealers in order to fulfill the obligations of § 600.405 may be either (1) The printed copy of the annual Fuel Economy Guide published by the Department of Energy, or; (2) Optionally, dealers may display the Fuel Economy Guide on a computer that is linked to the electronic version of the Fuel Economy Guide (available at http://www.fueleconomy.gov (3) A booklet approved by the Administrator of EPA containing the same information, format, and order as the Fuel Economy Guide published by the Department of Energy. Such a booklet may highlight the dealer's product line by contrasting color of ink or boldface type and may include other supplemental information regarding the dealer's product line subject to approval by the Administrator. (b) A manufacturer's name and logo or a dealer's name and address or both may appear on the back cover of the hard copies of the Fuel Economy Guide. [71 FR 77954, Dec. 27, 2006] Subpart F—Procedures for Determining Manufacturer's Average Fuel Economy Authority: Sec. 301, Pub. L. 94-163, 89 Stat. 901 (15 U.S.C. 2001, 2003, 2005, 2006). Source: 42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, unless otherwise noted. § 600.502 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart in addition to those in § 600.002: (a) The Declared value (1) The value at which components are declared by the importer to the U.S. Customs Service at the date of entry into the customs territory of the United States; or (2) With respect to imports into Canada, the declared value of such components as if they were declared as imports into the United States at the date of entry into Canada; or (3) With respect to imports into Mexico, the declared value of such components as if they were declared as imports into the United States at the date of entry into Mexico. (b) Cost of production of a car line (1) The average U.S. dealer wholesale price for such car line as computed from each official dealer price list effective during the course of a model year, and (2) The number of automobiles within the car line produced during the part of the model year that the price list was in effect. (c) Equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value [76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011] § 600.507-12 Running change data requirements. (a) Except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, the manufacturer shall submit additional running change fuel economy data as specified in paragraph (b) of this section for any running change approved or implemented under § 86.1842 of this chapter, which: (1) Creates a new base level or, (2) Affects an existing base level by: (i) Adding an axle ratio which is at least 10 percent larger (or, optionally, 10 percent smaller) than the largest axle ratio tested. (ii) Increasing (or, optionally, decreasing) the road-load horsepower for a subconfiguration by 10 percent or more for the individual running change or, when considered cumulatively, since original certification (for each cumulative 10 percent increase using the originally certified road-load horsepower as a base). (iii) Adding a new subconfiguration by increasing (or, optionally, decreasing) the equivalent test weight for any previously tested subconfiguration in the base level. (iv) Revising the calibration of an electric vehicle, fuel cell vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, plug-in hybrid electric vehicle or other advanced technology vehicle in such a way that the city or highway fuel economy of the vehicle (or the energy consumption of the vehicle, as may be applicable) is expected to become less fuel efficient (or optionally, more fuel efficient) by 4.0 percent or more as compared to the original fuel economy label values for fuel economy and/or energy consumption, as applicable. (b)(1) The additional running change fuel economy data requirement in paragraph (a) of this section will be determined based on the sales of the vehicle configurations in the created or affected base level(s) as updated at the time of running change approval. (2) Within each newly created base level as specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall submit data from the highest projected total model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected total model year sales vehicle configuration in the base level. (3) Within each base level affected by a running change as specified in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, fuel economy data shall be submitted for the vehicle configuration created or affected by the running change which has the highest total model year projected sales. The test vehicle shall be of the subconfiguration created by the running change which has the highest projected total model year sales within the applicable vehicle configuration. (c) The manufacturer shall submit the fuel economy data required by this section to the Administrator in accordance with § 600.314. (d) For those model types created under § 600.208-12(a)(2), the manufacturer shall submit fuel economy data for each subconfiguration added by a running change. [75 FR 25713, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011; 91 FR 7774, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.509-12 Voluntary submission of additional data. (a) The manufacturer may optionally submit data in addition to the data required by the Administrator. (b) Additional fuel economy data may be submitted by the manufacturer for any vehicle configuration which is to be tested as required in § 600.507 or for which fuel economy data were previously submitted under paragraph (c) of this section. (c) Within a base level, additional fuel economy data may be submitted by the manufacturer for any vehicle configuration which is not required to be tested by § 600.507. [91 FR 7774, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.510-12 Calculation of average fuel economy. (a)(1) Average fuel economy will be calculated to the nearest 0.1 mpg for the categories of automobiles identified in this section, and the results of such calculations will be reported to the Secretary of Transportation for use in determining compliance with the applicable fuel economy standards. (i) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the category of passenger automobiles as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. For example, categories may include, but are not limited to domestically manufactured and/or non-domestically manufactured passenger automobiles as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. (ii) [Reserved] (iii) An average fuel economy calculation will be made for the category of trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. For example, categories may include, but are not limited to domestically manufactured trucks, non-domestically manufactured trucks, light-duty trucks, medium-duty passenger vehicles, and/or heavy-duty trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation. (iv) [Reserved] (2) [Reserved] (b) For the purpose of calculating average fuel economy under paragraph (c) of this section: (1) All fuel economy data submitted in accordance with § 600.006(e) or § 600.512(c) shall be used. (2) The combined city/highway fuel economy values will be calculated for each model type in accordance with § 600.208, with the following exceptions: (i) Separate fuel economy values will be calculated for model types and base levels associated with car lines for each category of passenger automobiles and light trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section. (ii) Total model year production data, as required by this subpart, will be used instead of sales projections. (iii) The fuel economy value will be rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; and (iv) At the manufacturer's option, those vehicle configurations that are self-compensating to altitude changes may be separated by sales into high-altitude sales categories and low-altitude sales categories. These separate sales categories may then be treated (only for the purpose of this section) as separate vehicle configurations in accordance with the procedure of § 600.208-12(a)(4)(ii). (3) The fuel economy values for each vehicle configuration are the combined fuel economy calculated according to § 600.206-12(a)(3), with the following exceptions: (i) Separate fuel economy values will be calculated for vehicle configurations associated with car lines for each category of passenger automobiles and light trucks as determined by the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of this section; and (ii) Total model year production data, as required by this subpart will be used instead of sales projections. (c)(1) Average fuel economy shall be calculated as follows: (i) Except as allowed in paragraph (d) of this section, the average fuel economy for the model years before 2017 will be calculated individually for each category identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this according to the provisions of paragraph (c)(2) of this section. (ii) Except as permitted in paragraph (d) of this section, the average fuel economy for the 2017 and later model years will be calculated individually for each category identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section using the following equation: Where: Average MPG = the fleet average fuel economy for a category of vehicles; MPG = the average fuel economy for a category of vehicles determined according to paragraph (h) of this section; FCIV AC FCIV OC FCIV PU (2) Divide the total production volume of that category of automobiles by a sum of terms, each of which corresponds to a model type within that category of automobiles and is a fraction determined by dividing the number of automobiles of that model type produced by the manufacturer in the model year by: (i) For gasoline-fueled and diesel-fueled model types, the fuel economy calculated for that model type in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section; or (ii) For alcohol-fueled model types, the fuel economy value calculated for that model type in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section divided by 0.15 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; or (iii) For natural gas-fueled model types, the fuel economy value calculated for that model type in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section divided by 0.15 and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg; or (iv) For alcohol dual fuel model types, for model years 1993 through 2019, the harmonic average of the following two terms; the result rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg: (A) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on gasoline or diesel fuel as determined in § 600.208-12(b)(5)(i); and (B) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on alcohol fuel as determined in § 600.208-12(b)(5)(ii) divided by 0.15 provided the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section are met; or (v) For alcohol dual fuel model types, for model years after 2019, the combined model type fuel economy determined according to the following equation and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg: Where: F = 0.00 unless otherwise approved by the Administrator according to the provisions of paragraph (k) of this section; MPG A MPG G (vi) For natural gas dual fuel model types, for model years 1993 through 2016, and optionally for 2021 and later model years, the harmonic average of the following two terms; the result rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg: (A) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on gasoline or diesel as determined in § 600.208-12(b)(5)(i); and (B) The combined model type fuel economy value for operation on natural gas as determined in § 600.208-12(b)(5)(ii) divided by 0.15 provided the requirements of paragraph (g) of this section are met; or (vii) This paragraph (c)(2)(vii) applies to model year 2017 through 2020 natural gas dual fuel model types. Model year 2021 and later natural gas dual fuel model types may use the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(vi) of this section or this paragraph (c)(2)(vii). (A) For natural gas dual fuel model types, for model years after 2016, the combined model type fuel economy determined according to the following formula and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg: Where: MPG CNG MPG G UF = A Utility Factor (UF) value selected from the following table based on the driving range of the vehicle while operating on natural gas, except for natural gas dual fuel vehicles that do not meet the criteria in paragraph (c)(2)(vii)(B) the Utility Factor shall be 0.5. Determine the vehicle's driving range in miles by multiplying the combined fuel economy as determined in § 600.208-12(b)(5)(ii) by the vehicle's usable fuel storage capacity (as defined at § 600.002 and expressed in gasoline gallon equivalents), and rounding to the nearest 10 miles. Driving range UF 10 0.228 20 0.397 30 0.523 40 0.617 50 0.689 60 0.743 70 0.785 80 0.818 90 0.844 100 0.865 110 0.882 120 0.896 130 0.907 140 0.917 150 0.925 160 0.932 170 0.939 180 0.944 190 0.949 200 0.954 210 0.958 220 0.962 230 0.965 240 0.968 250 0.971 260 0.973 270 0.976 280 0.978 290 0.980 300 0.981 (B) Model year 2017 through 2020 natural gas dual fuel model types must meet the following criteria to qualify for use of a Utility Factor greater than 0.5: ( 1 ( 2 (3) Fuel consumption improvement. (i) Air conditioning fuel consumption improvement values are calculated separately for each category identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section using the following equation: Where: FCIV AC ACCredit = the total of all air conditioning efficiency credits for the applicable vehicle category, in megagrams, from 40 CFR 86.1868-12(c), and rounded to the nearest whole number; VLM = vehicle lifetime miles, which for passenger automobiles shall be 195,264 and for light trucks shall be 225,865; and Production = the total production volume for the applicable category of vehicles. (ii) Off-cycle technology fuel consumption improvement values are calculated separately for each category identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section using the following equation: Where: FCIV OC OCCredit = the total of all off-cycle technology credits for the applicable vehicle category, in megagrams, from 40 CFR 86.1869-12(e), and rounded to the nearest whole number; VLM = vehicle lifetime miles, which for passenger automobiles shall be 195,264 and for light trucks shall be 225,865; and Production = the total production volume for the applicable category of vehicles. (iii) Full size pickup truck fuel consumption improvement values are calculated for the light truck category identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section using the following equation: Where: FCIV PU PUCredit = the total of all full size pickup truck credits, in megagrams, from 40 CFR 86.1870-12(c), and rounded to the nearest whole number; and Production = the total production volume for the light truck category. (d) The Administrator may approve alternative calculation methods if they are part of an approved credit plan under the provisions of 15 U.S.C. 2003. (e) For passenger automobile categories identified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the average fuel economy calculated in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section shall be adjusted using the following equation: AFE adj Where: AFE = Average combined fuel economy as calculated in paragraph (c)(2) of this section, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg; AFE = Average combined fuel economy as calculated in paragraph (c) of this section, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg; a = Sales-weight average (rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all model type highway fuel economy values (rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg) divided by the sales-weighted average (rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg) of all model type city fuel economy values (rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg). The quotient shall be rounded to 4 decimal places. These average fuel economies shall be determined using the methodology of paragraph (c) of this section. c = 0.0014; IW = (9.2917 × 10 −3 3IWC 3IWC −3 4ETW 4IWC Note: Any calculated value of IW less than zero shall be set equal to zero. SF 3IWC SF 4ETW FE 4IWC FE 4IWC (f) The Administrator shall calculate and apply additional average fuel economy adjustments if, after notice and opportunity for comment, the Administrator determines that, as a result of test procedure changes not previously considered, such correction is necessary to yield fuel economy test results that are comparable to those obtained under the 1975 test procedures. In making such determinations, the Administrator must find that: (1) A directional change in measured fuel economy of an average vehicle can be predicted from a revision to the test procedures; (2) The magnitude of the change in measured fuel economy for any vehicle or fleet of vehicles caused by a revision to the test procedures is quantifiable from theoretical calculations or best available test data; (3) The impact of a change on average fuel economy is not due to eliminating the ability of manufacturers to take advantage of flexibility within the existing test procedures to gain measured improvements in fuel economy which are not the result of actual improvements in the fuel economy of production vehicles; (4) The impact of a change on average fuel economy is not solely due to a greater ability of manufacturers to reflect in average fuel economy those design changes expected to have comparable effects on in-use fuel economy; (5) The test procedure change is required by EPA or is a change initiated by EPA in its laboratory and is not a change implemented solely by a manufacturer in its own laboratory. (g)(1) Dual fuel automobiles must provide equal or greater energy efficiency while operating on the alternative fuel as while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel to obtain the CAFE credit determined in paragraphs (c)(2)(iv) and (v) of this section. The following equation must hold true: E alt pet ≥ Where: E alt alt alt alt 6 E pet pet pet pet 6 FE alt FE pet NHV alt NHV pet D alt D pet (i) The equation must hold true for both the FTP city and HFET highway fuel economy values for each test of each test vehicle. (ii)(A) The net heating value for alcohol fuels shall be premeasured using a test method which has been approved in advance by the Administrator. (B) The density for alcohol fuels shall be premeasured using ASTM D 1298 (incorporated by reference at § 600.011). (iii) The net heating value and density of gasoline are to be determined by the manufacturer in accordance with § 600.113. (2) [Reserved] (3) Dual fuel passenger automobiles manufactured during model years 1993 through 2019 must meet the minimum driving range requirements established by the Secretary of Transportation (49 CFR part 538) to obtain the CAFE credit determined in paragraphs (c)(2)(iv) and (v) of this section. (h) The increase in average fuel economy determined in paragraph (c) of this section attributable to dual fueled automobiles is subject to a maximum value through model year 2019 that applies separately to each category of automobile specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The increase in average fuel economy attributable to vehicles fueled by electricity or, for model years 2016 and later, by compressed natural gas, is not subject to a maximum value. The increase in average fuel economy attributable to alcohol dual fuel model types calculated under paragraph (c)(2)(v) of this section is also not subject to a maximum value. The following maximum values apply under this paragraph (h): Model year Maximum 1993-2014 1.2 2015 1.0 2016 0.8 2017 0.6 2018 0.4 2019 0.2 (1) The Administrator shall calculate the increase in average fuel economy to determine if the maximum increase provided in this paragraph (h) has been reached. The Administrator shall calculate the increase in average fuel economy for each category of automobiles specified in paragraph (a)(1) of this section by subtracting the average fuel economy values calculated in accordance with this section, assuming all alcohol dual fueled automobiles subject to the provisions of paragraph (c)(2)(iv) of this section are operated exclusively on gasoline (or diesel fuel), from the average fuel economy values determined in paragraph (c) of this section. The difference is limited to the maximum increase specified in this paragraph (h). (2) [Reserved] [75 FR 25714, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 39567, July 6, 2011; 77 FR 63184, Oct. 15, 2012; 81 FR 74003, Dec. 27, 2016; 85 FR 25272, Apr. 30, 2020; 85 FR 53679, Aug. 31, 2020; 86 FR 74526, Dec. 30, 2021; 88 FR 4484, Jan. 24, 2023; 91 FR 7774, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.511-08 Determination of domestic production. (a) Except with advance approval of the Administrator, an automobile shall be considered domestically produced in any model year if it is included within a domestically produced car line (car line includes station wagons for purposes of this paragraph), unless the assembly of such automobile is completed in Canada or Mexico and such automobile is not imported into the United States prior to the expiration of 30 days following the end of the model year. For purposes of this paragraph a car line will be considered domestically produced if the following ratio is less than 0.25: (1) The sum of the declared value, as defined in § 600.502, of all of the imported components installed or included on automobiles produced within such a car line within a given model year plus the cost of transportation and insuring such components to the United States port of entry, the Mexican port of entry (when paragraph (b)(3) of this section applies), or the Canadian port of entry but exclusive of any customs duty, divided by (2) The cost of production, as defined in § 600.502, of automobiles within such car line. (b) For the purposes of calculations under this subpart with respect to automobiles manufactured during any model year, (1) An average exchange rate for the country of origin of each imported component shall be used that is calculated by taking the mean of the exchange rates in effect at the end of each quarter set by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for twelve calendar quarters prior to and including the calendar quarter ending one year prior to the date that the manufacturer submits the calculation of the preliminary average for such model year. Such rate, once calculated, shall be in effect for the duration of the model year. Upon petition of a manufacturer, the Administrator may permit the use of a different exchange rate where appropriate and necessary. (2) For automobiles for which paragraph (b)(3) of this section does not apply pursuant to the schedule in paragraph (b)(4), components shall be considered imported unless they are either: (i) Wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of the United States and/or Canada, or (ii) Substantially transformed in the United States or Canada into a new and different article of commerce. (3) For automobiles for which this paragraph applies pursuant to the schedule in paragraph (b)(4) of this section, components shall be considered imported unless they are either: (i) Wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of the United States and/or Canada and/or Mexico, or (ii) Substantially transformed in the United States and/or Canada and/or Mexico into a new and different article of commerce. (4) Paragraphs (b)(4) (i) through (v) of this section set forth the schedule according to which paragraph (b)(3) of this section applies for all automobiles manufactured by a manufacturer and sold in the United States, wherever assembled. (i) With respect to a manufacturer that initiated the assembly of automobiles in Mexico before model year 1992, the manufacturer may elect, at any time between January 1, 1997, and January 1, 2004, to have paragraph (b)(3) of this section apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model year commencing after the date of such election. (ii) With respect to a manufacturer initiating the assembly of automobiles in Mexico after model year 1991, paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model year commencing after January 1, 1994, or the model year commencing after the date that the manufacturer initiates the assembly of automobiles in Mexico, whichever is later. (iii) With respect to a manufacturer not described by paragraph (b)(4) (i) or (ii) of this section assembling automobiles in the United States or Canada but not in Mexico, the manufacturer may elect, at any time between January 1, 1997, and January 1, 2004, to have paragraph (b)(3) of this section apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model year commencing after the date of such election, except that if such manufacturer initiates the assembly of automobiles in Mexico before making such election, this paragraph shall not apply, and the manufacturer shall be subject to paragraph (b)(4)(ii) of this section. (iv) With respect to a manufacturer not assembling automobiles in the United States, Canada, or Mexico, paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model year commencing after January 1, 1994. (v) With respect to a manufacturer authorized to make an election under paragraph (b)(4) (i) or (iii) of this section which has not made that election within the specified period, paragraph (b)(3) of this section shall apply to all automobiles it manufactures, beginning with the model year commencing after January 1, 2004. (5) All elections under paragraph (b)(4) of this section shall be made in accordance with the procedures established by the Secretary of Transportation pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 32904(b)(3)(C). (c) If it is determined by the Administrator at some date later than the date of entry that the declared value of such imported components did not represent fair market value at the date of entry, through U.S. Bureau of Customs appraisals, the Administrator may review the determination made pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section as to whether the pertinent car lines which utilize such components were correctly included within the manufaturer's domestically-produced or foreign-produced fleets. If such a determination was in error due to misrepresentation of the valuation of imported components at the date of entry, the Administrator may recalculate the manufacturer's average for the affected model year, according to § 600.510, to reflect the correct valuation of such imported components in each affected car line. (d)-(e) [Reserved] [42 FR 45662, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 39376, Sept. 5, 1978; 59 FR 679, Jan. 6, 1994; 59 FR 33914, July 1, 1994; 74 FR 61554, Nov. 25, 2009. Redesignated at 76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011] § 600.512-12 Model year report. (a) For each model year, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a report, known as the model year report, containing all information necessary for the calculation of the manufacturer's average fuel economy. (1) The results of the manufacturer calculations and summary information of model type fuel economy values which are contained in the average fuel economy calculation shall also be submitted to the Secretary of the Department of Transportation, National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration. (2) [Reserved] (3) Separate reports shall be submitted for passenger automobiles and light trucks (as identified in § 600.510-12). (b) The model year report shall be in writing, signed by the authorized representative of the manufacturer and shall be submitted no later than May 1 following the end of the model year. A manufacturer may request an extension for submitting the model year report if that is needed to provide all additional required data as determined in § 600.507-12. The request must clearly indicate the circumstances necessitating the extension. (c) The model year report must include the following information: (1)(i) All fuel economy data used in the FTP/HFET-based model type calculations under § 600.208, and subsequently required by the Administrator in accordance with § 600.507; (ii) [Reserved] (2)(i) All fuel economy data for certification vehicles and for vehicles tested for running changes approved under § 86.1842 of this chapter; (ii) [Reserved] (3)(i) For manufacturers calculating air conditioning efficiency credits in support of fuel consumption improvement values under § 600.510(c), a description of the air conditioning system and the total credits earned for each averaging set, model year, and region, as applicable. (ii) Any additional fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer under § 600.509; (4)(i) A fuel economy value for each model type of the manufacturer's product line calculated according to § 600.510-12(b)(2); (ii) [Reserved] (5)(i) The manufacturer's average fuel economy value calculated according to § 600.510-12(c); (ii) [Reserved] (6) A listing of both domestically and nondomestically produced car lines as determined in § 600.511 and the cost information upon which the determination was made; and (7) The authenticity and accuracy of production data must be attested to by the corporation, and shall bear the signature of an officer (a corporate executive of at least the rank of vice-president) designated by the corporation. Such attestation shall constitute a representation by the manufacturer that the manufacturer has established reasonable, prudent procedures to ascertain and provide production data that are accurate and authentic in all material respects and that these procedures have been followed by employees of the manufacturer involved in the reporting process. The signature of the designated officer shall constitute a representation by the required attestation. (8) [Reserved] (9) The “required fuel economy level” pursuant to 49 CFR parts 531 or 533, as applicable. Model year reports shall include information in sufficient detail to verify the accuracy of the calculated required fuel economy level, including but is not limited to, production information for each unique footprint within each model type contained in the model year report and the formula used to calculate the required fuel economy level. Model year reports shall include a statement that the method of measuring vehicle track width, measuring vehicle wheelbase and calculating vehicle footprint is accurate and complies with applicable Department of Transportation requirements. (10) The “required fuel economy level” pursuant to 49 CFR parts 531 or 533 as applicable, and the applicable fleet average CO 2 2 2 [75 FR 25717, May 7, 2010, as amended at 76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011; 88 FR 4484, Jan. 24, 2023; 91 FR 7774, Feb. 18, 2026] § 600.513-08 Gas Guzzler Tax. (a) This section applies only to passenger automobiles sold after December 27, 1991, regardless of the model year of those vehicles. For alcohol dual fuel and natural gas dual fuel automobiles, the fuel economy while such automobiles are operated on gasoline will be used for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments. (1) The provisions of this section do not apply to passenger automobiles exempted for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments by applicable Federal law and regulations. However, the manufacturer of an exempted passenger automobile may, in its discretion, label such vehicles in accordance with the provisions of this section. (2) For 1991 and later model year passenger automobiles, the combined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel economy value determined in § 600.208 used for Gas Guzzler Tax assessments shall be calculated in accordance with the following equation, rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg: FE adj g g g g Where: FE adj FE = Combined model type fuel economy calculated in accordance with § 600.208, rounded to the nearest 0.0001 mpg. a g c = gas guzzler adjustment factor = 1.300 × 10 −3 IW g −3 3IWCG 3IWCG −3 4ETWG 4IWCG Note: Any calculated value of IW less than zero shall be set equal to zero. SF 3IWCG SF 4ETWG FE 3IWCG FE 4IWCG (b)(1) For passenger automobiles sold after December 31, 1990, with a combined FTP/HFET-based model type fuel economy value of less than 22.5 mpg (as determined in § 600.208), calculated in accordance with paragraph (a)(2) of this section and rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg, each vehicle fuel economy label shall include a Gas Guzzler Tax statement pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 32908(b)(1)(E). The tax amount stated shall be as specified in paragraph (b)(2) of this section. (2) For passenger automobiles with a combined general label model type fuel economy value of: At least * * * but less than * * * the Gas Guzzler Tax statement shall show a tax of * * * (i) 22.5 $0 (ii) 21.5 22.5 $1,000 (iii) 20.5 21.5 $1,300 (iv) 19.5 20.5 $1,700 (v) 18.5 19.5 $2,100 (vi) 17.5 18.5 $2,600 (vii) 16.5 17.5 $3,000 (viii) 15.5 16.5 $3,700 (ix) 14.5 15.5 $4,500 (x) 13.5 14.5 $5,400 (xi) 12.5 13.5 $6,400 (xii) — 12.5 $7,700 [76 FR 39569, July 6, 2011] Appendix I to Part 600—Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule [ speed (mph) vs time (sec) ] SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH 0 Sample On 50 38.6 100 48.5 150 44.1 200 43.4 250 48.0 300 33.4 350 59.0 1 0.0 51 39.3 101 48.8 151 44.3 201 43.2 251 48.0 301 35.6 351 58.9 2 0.0 52 40.0 102 49.1 152 44.4 202 43.2 252 48.0 302 37.5 352 58.8 3 2.0 53 40.7 103 49.2 153 44.6 203 43.1 253 48.1 303 39.1 353 58.6 4 4.9 54 41.4 104 49.1 154 44.7 204 43.0 254 48.2 304 40.2 354 58.4 5 8.1 55 42.2 105 49.1 155 44.9 205 43.0 255 48.2 305 41.1 355 58.2 6 11.3 56 42.9 106 49.0 156 45.2 206 43.1 256 48.1 306 41.8 356 58.1 7 14.5 57 43.5 107 49.0 157 45.7 207 43.4 257 48.6 307 42.4 357 58.0 8 17.3 58 44.0 108 49.1 158 45.9 208 43.9 258 48.9 308 42.8 358 57.9 9 19.6 59 44.3 109 49.2 159 46.3 209 44.0 259 49.1 309 43.3 359 57.6 10 21.8 60 44.5 110 49.3 160 46.8 210 43.5 260 49.1 310 43.8 360 57.4 11 24.0 61 44.8 111 49.4 161 46.9 211 42.6 261 49.1 311 44.3 361 57.2 12 25.8 62 44.9 112 49.5 162 47.0 212 41.5 262 49.1 312 44.7 362 57.1 13 27.1 63 45.0 113 49.5 163 47.1 213 40.7 263 49.1 313 45.0 363 57.0 14 28.0 64 45.1 114 49.5 164 47.6 214 40.0 264 49.0 314 45.2 364 57.0 15 29.0 65 45.4 115 49.4 165 47.9 215 40.0 265 48.9 315 45.4 365 56.9 16 30.0 66 45.7 116 49.1 166 48.0 216 40.3 266 48.2 316 45.5 366 56.9 17 30.7 67 46.0 117 48.9 167 48.0 217 41.0 267 47.7 317 45.8 367 56.9 18 31.5 68 46.3 118 48.6 168 47.9 218 42.0 268 47.5 318 46.0 368 57.0 19 32.2 69 46.5 119 48.4 169 47.8 219 42.7 269 47.2 319 46.1 369 57.0 20 32.9 70 46.8 120 48.1 170 47.3 220 43.1 270 46.7 320 46.5 370 57.0 21 33.5 71 46.9 121 47.7 171 46.7 221 43.2 271 46.2 321 46.8 371 57.0 22 34.1 72 47.0 122 47.4 172 46.2 222 43.4 272 46.0 322 47.1 372 57.0 23 34.6 73 47.1 123 47.3 173 45.9 223 43.9 273 45.8 323 47.7 373 57.0 24 34.9 74 47.2 124 47.5 174 45.7 224 44.3 274 45.6 324 48.3 374 57.0 25 35.1 75 47.3 125 47.8 175 45.5 225 44.7 275 45.4 325 49.0 375 57.0 26 35.7 76 47.2 126 47.9 176 45.4 226 45.1 276 45.2 326 49.7 376 57.0 27 35.9 77 47.1 127 48.0 177 45.3 227 45.4 277 45.0 327 50.3 377 56.9 28 35.8 78 47.0 128 47.9 178 45.0 228 45.8 278 44.7 328 51.0 378 56.8 29 35.3 79 46.9 129 47.9 179 44.0 229 46.5 279 44.5 329 51.7 379 56.5 30 34.9 80 46.9 130 47.9 180 43.1 230 46.9 280 44.2 330 52.4 380 56.2 31 34.5 81 46.9 131 48.0 181 42.2 231 47.2 281 43.5 331 53.1 381 56.0 32 34.6 82 47.0 132 48.0 182 41.5 232 47.4 282 42.8 332 53.8 382 56.0 33 34.8 83 47.1 133 48.0 183 41.5 233 47.3 283 42.0 333 54.5 383 56.0 34 35.1 84 47.1 134 47.9 184 42.1 234 47.3 284 40.1 334 55.2 384 56.1 35 35.7 85 47.2 135 47.3 185 42.9 235 47.2 285 38.6 335 55.8 385 56.4 36 36.1 86 47.1 136 46.0 186 43.5 236 47.2 286 37.5 336 56.4 386 56.7 37 36.2 87 47.0 137 43.3 187 43.9 237 47.2 287 35.8 337 56.9 387 56.9 38 36.5 88 46.9 138 41.2 188 43.6 238 47.1 288 34.7 338 57.0 388 57.1 39 36.7 89 46.5 139 39.5 189 43.3 239 47.0 289 34.0 339 57.1 389 57.3 40 36.9 90 46.3 140 39.2 190 43.0 240 47.0 290 33.3 340 57.3 390 57.4 41 37.0 91 46.2 141 39.0 191 43.1 241 46.9 291 32.5 341 57.6 391 57.4 42 37.0 92 46.3 142 39.0 192 43.4 242 46.8 292 31.7 342 57.8 392 57.2 43 37.0 93 46.5 143 39.1 193 43.9 243 46.9 293 30.6 343 58.0 393 57.0 44 37.0 94 46.9 144 39.5 194 44.3 244 47.0 294 29.6 344 58.1 394 56.9 45 37.0 95 47.1 145 40.1 195 44.6 245 47.2 295 28.8 345 58.4 395 56.6 46 37.0 96 47.4 146 41.0 196 44.9 246 47.5 296 28.4 346 58.7 396 56.3 47 37.1 97 47.7 147 42.0 197 44.8 247 47.9 297 28.6 347 58.8 397 56.1 48 37.3 98 48.0 148 43.1 198 44.4 248 48.0 298 29.5 348 58.9 398 56.4 49 37.8 99 48.2 149 43.7 199 43.9 249 48.0 299 31.4 349 59.0 399 56.7 SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH SEC MPH 400 57.1 450 58.2 500 54.7 550 55.8 600 48.3 650 50.2 700 54.2 750 26.8 401 57.5 451 58.1 501 54.6 551 55.6 601 48.0 651 50.7 701 54.5 751 24.5 402 57.8 452 58.0 502 54.4 552 55.4 602 47.9 652 51.1 702 54.8 752 21.5 403 58.0 453 58.0 503 54.3 553 55.2 603 47.8 653 51.7 703 55.0 753 19.5 404 58.0 454 58.0 504 54.3 554 55.1 604 47.7 654 52.2 704 55.5 754 17.4 405 58.0 455 58.0 505 54.2 555 55.0 605 47.9 655 52.5 705 55.9 755 15.1 406 58.0 456 58.0 506 54.1 556 54.9 606 48.3 656 52.1 706 56.1 756 12.4 407 58.0 457 58.0 507 54.1 557 54.6 607 49.0 657 51.6 707 56.3 757 9.7 408 58.0 458 57.9 508 54.1 558 54.4 608 49.1 658 51.1 708 56.4 758 7.0 409 57.9 459 57.9 509 54.0 559 54.2 609 49.0 659 51.0 709 56.5 759 5.0 410 57.8 460 58.0 510 54.0 560 54.1 610 48.9 660 51.0 710 56.7 760 3.3 411 57.7 461 58.1 511 54.0 561 53.8 611 48.0 661 51.1 711 56.9 761 2.0 412 57.7 462 58.1 512 54.0 562 53.4 612 47.1 662 51.4 712 57.0 762 0.7 413 57.8 463 58.2 513 54.0 563 53.3 613 46.2 663 51.7 713 57.3 763 0.0 414 57.9 464 58.3 514 54.0 564 53.1 614 46.1 664 52.0 714 57.7 764 0.0 415 58.0 465 58.3 515 54.0 565 52.9 615 46.1 665 52.2 715 58.2 765 Sample Off 416 58.1 446 58.3 516 54.0 566 52.6 616 46.2 666 52.5 716 58.8 417 58.4 467 58.2 517 54.1 567 52.4 617 46.9 667 52.8 717 59.1 418 58.9 468 58.1 518 54.2 568 52.2 618 47.8 668 52.7 718 59.2 419 59.1 469 58.0 519 54.5 569 52.1 619 49.0 669 52.6 719 59.1 420 59.4 470 57.8 520 54.8 570 52.0 620 49.7 670 52.3 720 58.8 421 59.8 471 57.5 521 54.9 571 52.0 621 50.6 671 52.3 721 58.5 422 59.9 472 57.1 522 55.0 572 52.0 622 51.5 672 52.4 722 58.1 423 59.9 473 57.0 523 55.1 573 52.0 623 52.2 673 52.5 723 57.7 424 59.8 474 56.6 524 55.2 574 52.1 624 52.7 674 52.7 724 57.3 425 59.6 475 56.1 525 55.2 575 52.0 625 53.0 675 52.7 725 57.1 426 59.4 476 56.0 526 55.3 576 52.0 626 53.6 676 52.4 726 56.8 427 59.2 477 55.8 527 55.4 577 51.9 627 54.0 677 52.1 727 56.5 428 59.1 478 55.5 528 55.5 578 51.6 628 54.1 678 51.7 728 56.2 429 59.0 479 55.2 529 55.6 579 51.4 629 54.4 679 51.1 729 55.5 430 58.9 480 55.1 530 55.7 580 51.1 630 54.7 680 50.5 730 54.6 431 58.7 481 55.0 531 55.8 581 50.7 631 55.1 681 50.1 731 54.1 432 58.6 482 54.9 532 55.9 582 50.3 632 55.4 682 49.8 732 53.7 433 58.5 483 54.9 533 56.0 583 49.8 633 55.4 683 49.7 733 53.2 434 58.4 484 54.9 534 56.0 584 49.3 634 55.0 684 49.6 734 52.9 435 58.4 485 54.9 535 56.0 585 48.7 635 54.5 685 49.5 735 52.5 436 58.3 486 54.9 536 56.0 586 48.2 6.36 53.6 686 49.5 736 52.0 437 58.2 487 54.9 537 56.0 587 48.1 637 52.5 687 49.7 737 51.3 438 58.1 488 55.0 538 56.0 588 48.0 638 50.2 688 50.0 738 50.5 439 58.0 489 55.0 539 56.0 589 48.0 6.39 48.2 689 50.2 739 49.5 440 57.9 490 55.0 540 56.0 590 48.1 640 46.5 690 50.6 740 48.5 441 57.9 491 55.0 541 56.0 591 48.4 641 46.2 691 51.1 741 47.6 442 57.9 492 55.0 542 56.0 592 48.9 642 46.0 692 51.6 742 46.8 443 57.9 493 55.0 543 56.0 593 49.0 643 46.0 693 51.9 743 45.6 444 57.9 494 55.1 544 56.0 594 49.1 644 46.3 694 52.0 744 44.2 445 58.0 495 55.1 545 56.0 595 49.1 645 46.8 695 52.1 745 42.5 446 58.1 496 55.0 546 56.0 596 49.0 646 47.5 696 52.4 746 39.2 447 58.1 497 54.9 547 55.9 597 49.0 647 48.2 697 52.9 747 35.9 448 58.2 498 54.9 548 55.9 598 48.9 648 48.8 698 53.3 748 32.6 449 58.2 499 54.8 549 55.9 599 48.6 649 49.5 699 53.7 749 29.3 [42 FR 45667, Sept. 12, 1977] Appendix II to Part 600—Sample Fuel Economy Calculations (a) This sample fuel economy calculation is applicable to 1978 through 1987 model year automobiles. (1) Assume that a gasoline-fueled vehicle was tested by the Federal Emission Test Procedure and the following results were calculated: HC = .139 grams/mile CO = 1.59 grams/mile CO 2 According to the procedure in § 600.113-78, the city fuel economy or MPG c 2 MPG c (2) Assume that the same vehicle was tested by the Federal Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure and calculation similar to that shown in paragraph (a) by this appendix resulted in a highway fuel economy or MPG h c/h (b) This sample fuel economy calculation is applicable to 1988 and later model year automobiles. (1) Assume that a gasoline-fueled vehicle was tested by the Federal Emission Test Procedure and the following results were calculated: HC = .139 grams/mile. CO = 1.59 grams/mile. CO 2 (2) Assume that the test fuel used for this test had the following properties: SG = 0.745. CWF = 0.868. NHV = 18,478 Btu/lb. (3) According to the procedure in § 600.113-08, the city fuel economy or MPG c 2 MPG c 4 2 Example: MPG c 4 MPG c (4) Assume that the same vehicle was tested by the Federal Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure and a calculation similar to that shown in (b)(3) of this section resulted in a highway fuel economy of MPG h comb [51 FR 37852, Oct. 24, 1986, as amended at 71 FR 77958, Dec. 27, 2006; 76 FR 39570, July 6, 2011] Appendix III to Part 600—Sample Fuel Economy Label Calculation Suppose that a manufacturer called Mizer Motors has a product line composed of eight car lines. Of these eight, four are available with the 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, sequential multi-point fuel injection, 4-valve per cylinder, and 3-way catalyst engine. These four car lines are: Ajax Boredom III Dodo Castor (Station Wagon) A. A car line is defined in subpart A (with additional guidance provided in EPA Advisory Circular 89) as a group of vehicles within a make or division which has a degree of commonality in construction. Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by such characteristics as roofline, number of doors, seats, or windows. Station wagons and light duty trucks are, however, identified separately from the remainder of each car line. In other words, a Castor station wagon would be considered a different car line than the normal Castor car line made up of sedans, coupes, etc. B. The engine considered here is defined as a basic engine in subpart A of this part (with additional guidance provided in EPA Advisory Circular 83A). A basic engine is a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system, catalyst usage and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. A model type is a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class. Thus Ajax is a car line but Ajax 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder manual four-speed transmission is a model type whereas Ajax 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder automatic three-speed transmission is a different model type. C. The following calculations provide an example of the procedures described in subpart C of this part for the calculation of vehicle configuration and model type fuel economy values. In order to simplify the presentation, only city fuel economy values are included (as determined by either the derived 5-cycle method or vehicle-specific 5-cycle based method). The procedure is identical for highway and combined fuel economy values. Step I. Input data as supplied by the manufacturer or as determined from testing conducted by the Administrator. Manufacturer—Mizer Motors Basic Engine: (3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, sequential multi-point fuel injection, 4-valve per cylinder, 3-way catalyst). Test vehicle carline Engine code Trans Inertia weight Axle ratio Harmonically averaged. city MPG Specific label MPG 1 Vehicle config. sales Ajax 1 M-4 3500 2.73 16.1001 16 15,000 Ajax 2 A-3 3500 2.56 15.9020 16 35,000 Boredom III 4 M-4 4000 3.08 14.2343 14 10,000 Ajax 3 M-4 4000 3.36 15.0000 15 15,000 Boredom III 8 A-3 4000 2.56 13.8138 14 25,000 Boredom III 5 A-3 4500 3.08 13.2203 13 20,000 Castor 5 A-3 5000 3.08 10.6006 11 40,000 1 Step II. Group vehicle fuel economy and sales data according to base level combinations within this basic engine. Base level Transmission class Inertia weight Miles per gallon Projected vehicle configuration sales A Manual-4 3,500 16.1001 15,000 B Automatic-3 3,500 15.9020 35,000 C Manual-4 4,000 14.2343 10,000 C Manual-4 4,000 15.0000 15,000 D Automatic-3 4,000 13.8138 25,000 E Automatic-3 4,500 13.2203 20,000 F Automatic-3 5,000 10.6006 40,000 Step III. Determine base level fuel economy values. A. For all the base levels except the base level which includes 4,000 pound, manual four-speed transmission data, the base level fuel economy is as noted in Step II since only one vehicle configuration was tested within each of these base levels. 3,500 lb/M4 transmission 16.1001 mpg. 3,500 lb/A3 transmission 15.9020 mpg. 4,000 lb/A3 transmission 13.8138 mpg. 4,500 lb/A3 transmission 13.2203 mpg. 5,000 lb/A3 transmission 10.6006 mpg. B. Since data from more than one vehicle configuration are included in the 4,000-pound, manual four-speed transmission base level, this fuel economy is harmonically averaged in proportion to the percentage of total sales of all vehicle configurations tested within that base level represented by each vehicle configuration tested within that base level. Base level: M4 transmission, 4000 pounds: Therefore, the 4000 pound, M4 transmission fuel economy is 14.6840 miles per gallon. Note that the car line of the test vehicle using a given engine makes no difference—only the weight and transmission do. Step IV. For each model type offered by the manufacturer with that basic engine, determine the sales fraction represented by each inertia weight/transmission class combination and the corresponding fuel economy. Ajax M4 0.4000 at 3,500 lb 16.1001 0.6000 at 4,000 lb 14.6840 A3 0.3000 at 3,500 lb 15.9020 0.7000 at 4,000 lb 13.8138 Dodo M4 0.4000 at 3,500 lb 16.1001 0.6000 at 4,000 lb 14.6840 A3 0.3000 at 3,500 lb 15.9020 0.7000 at 4,000 lb 13.8138 Boredom III M4 1.0000 at 4,000 lb 14.6840 A3 0.2500 at 4,000 lb 13.8138 0.7500 at 4,500 lb 13.2203 Castor A3 0.2000 at 4,500 lb 13.2203 0.8000 at 5,000 lb 10.6006 Step V. Determine fuel economy for each model type (that is, car line/basic engine/transmission class combination). Ajax, 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 transmission, model type MPG is calculated as follows: Similarly, Ajax and Dodo 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, M4 model type MPG is calculated as follows: Dodo 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 model type MPG is calculated as follows: Boredom III 3.0 liter 6 cylinder M4 model type MPG = 14.6840 mpg, which rounds to 15 mi./gal 1 1 Boredom III 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 model type MPG is calculated as follows: Castor 3.0 liter, 6 cylinder, A3 model type MPG is calculated as follows: Note that even though no Dodo was actually tested, this approach permits its fuel economy figure to be estimated, based on the inertia weight distribution of projected Dodo sales within a specific engine and transmission grouping. [71 FR 77958, Dec. 27, 2006] Appendixes IV-V to Part 600 [Reserved] Appendix VI to Part 600—Sample Fuel Economy Labels and Style Guidelines for 2013 and Later Model Years This appendix illustrates label content and format for 2013 and later model years. Manufacturers must make a good faith effort to conform to these templates and follow these formatting specifications. EPA will make available electronic files for creating labels. A. Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles, Including Hybrid Gasoline-Electric Vehicles With No Plug-In Capabilities B. Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles, Including Hybrid Gasoline-Electric Vehicles with No Plug-In Capabilities, with Gas Guzzler Tax C. Diesel-Fueled Vehicles, Including Hybrid Diesel-Electric Vehicles with No Plug-In Capabilities D. Dual Fuel Vehicle Label (Ethanol/Gasoline) E. Dual Fuel Vehicle Label (Ethanol/Gasoline) with Optional Display of Driving Range Values F. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Label G. Natural Gas Vehicle Label H. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Label, Series PHEV I. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Label, Blended PHEV J. Electric Vehicle Label K. Style Guidelines (a) Fuel economy labels must be printed on white or very light paper. Any label markings for which colors are not specified must be in black and white as shown. Some portions of the label must be filled with a blue or blue-shaded color as specified in subpart D of this part. Use the color blue defined in CMYK values of 40c-10m-0y-0k, or it may be specified as Pantone 283. (b) Use a Univers font from Adobe or another source that properly reproduces the labels as shown in the samples. Use Light (L), Roman (R), Bold (B) or Black (Bl) font weights as noted. Font size is shown in points, followed by leading specifications in points to indicate line spacing (if applicable). Use white characters in black fields; use black characters in all other places. Unless noted otherwise, text is left-justified with a 1.6 millimeter margin. Some type may need tracking adjustments to fit in the designated space. (c) Use the following conventions for lines and borders: (1) Narrow lines defining the border or separating the main fields are 1.6 millimeter thick. (2) Each rectangular shape or area, including the overall label outline, has an upper left corner that is square (0 radius). All other corners have a 3.2 millimeter radius. (d) Fuel and vehicle icons, range and slider bars, and agency names and logos are available electronically. (e) The following figures illustrate the formatting specifications: [76 FR 39570, July 6, 2011] Appendix VII to Part 600 [Reserved]

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