40 CFR Part 745 — Lead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention in Certain Residential Structures

PART 745—LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2605, 2607, 2681-2692 and 42 U.S.C. 4852d. Source: 61 FR 9085, Mar. 6, 1996, unless otherwise noted. Subparts A-C [Reserved] Subpart D—Lead-Based Paint Hazards Source: 66 FR 1237, Jan. 5, 2001, unless otherwise noted. § 745.61 Scope and applicability. (a) This subpart identifies lead-based paint hazards. (b) The standards for lead-based paint hazards apply to target housing and child-occupied facilities. (c) Nothing in this subpart requires the owner of property(ies) subject to these standards to evaluate the property(ies) for the presence of lead-based paint hazards or take any action to control these conditions if one or more of them is identified. (d) Before January 13, 2025, the levels identified in 40 CFR 745.227(e)(8)(viii) were referred to as clearance levels. On or after January 13, 2025, the levels identified in § 745.227(e)(8)(viii) are referred to as action levels. [66 FR 1237, Jan. 5, 2001, as amended at 89 FR 89456, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.63 Definitions. The following definitions apply to part 745. Arithmetic mean Chewable surface Common area group Concentration Deteriorated paint Dripline Friction surface Impact surface Interior window sill Lead-based paint hazard Loading Mid-yard Play area Reportable level Residential building Room Soil sample Weighted arithmetic mean 2 2 2 2 Window trough Wipe sample [66 FR 1237, Jan. 5, 2001, as amended at 89 FR 89456, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.65 Lead-based paint hazards. (a) Paint-lead hazard. (1) Any lead-based paint on a friction surface that is subject to abrasion and where the lead dust levels on the nearest horizontal surface underneath the friction surface (e.g., the window sill, or floor) are equal to or greater than the dust-lead hazard levels identified in paragraph (b) of this section. (2) Any damaged or otherwise deteriorated lead-based paint on an impact surface that is caused by impact from a related building component (such as a door knob that knocks into a wall or a door that knocks against its door frame. (3) Any chewable lead-based painted surface on which there is evidence of teeth marks. (4) Any other deteriorated lead-based paint in any residential building or child-occupied facility or on the exterior of any residential building or child-occupied facility. (b) Dust-lead hazard. 2 2 (c) Soil-lead hazard. (d) Work practice requirements. (1) Two square feet of deteriorated lead-based paint per room or equivalent, (2) Twenty square feet of deteriorated paint on the exterior building, or (3) Ten percent of the total surface area of deteriorated paint on an interior or exterior type of component with a small surface area. [66 FR 1237, Jan. 5, 2001, as amended at 84 FR 32648, July 9, 2019; 89 FR 89456, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.67 Incorporation by reference. Certain material is incorporated by reference into this subpart with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. All approved incorporation by reference (IBR) material is available for inspection at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Contact EPA at: OPPT Docket in the Environmental Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC. The EPA/DC Public Reading Room hours of operation are 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number of the EPA/DC Public Reading room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the OPPT Docket is (202) 566-0280. For information on the availability of this material at NARA, visit www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations [email protected]. (a) ASTM. www.astm.org. (1) ASTM E1728/E1728M-20, Standard Practice for Collection of Settled Dust Samples Using Wipe Sampling Methods for Subsequent Lead Determination, Approved January 1, 2020; IBR approved for § 745.63. (2) ASTM E1792-20, Standard Specification for Wipe Sampling Materials for Lead in Surface Dust, Approved September 1, 2020; IBR approved for § 745.63. (b) [Reserved] [89 FR 89456, Nov. 12, 2024] Subpart E—Residential Property Renovation Source: 63 FR 29919, June 1, 1998, unless otherwise noted. § 745.80 Purpose. This subpart contains regulations developed under sections 402 and 406 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (15 U.S.C. 2682 and 2686) and applies to all renovations performed for compensation in target housing and child-occupied facilities. The purpose of this subpart is to ensure the following: (a) Owners and occupants of target housing and child-occupied facilities receive information on lead-based paint hazards before these renovations begin; and (b) Individuals performing renovations regulated in accordance with § 745.82 are properly trained; renovators and firms performing these renovations are certified; and the work practices in § 745.85 are followed during these renovations. [73 FR 21758, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.81 Effective dates. (a) Training, certification and accreditation requirements and work practice standards. (1) Training programs. (2) Firms. (ii) On or after April 22, 2010, no firm may perform, offer, or claim to perform renovations without certification from EPA under § 745.89 in target housing or child-occupied facilities, unless the renovation qualifies for one of the exceptions identified in § 745.82(a) or (c). (3) Individuals. (4) Work practices. (5) The suspension and revocation provisions in § 745.91 are effective April 22, 2010. (b) Renovation-specific pamphlet. Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools. (c) Pre-Renovation Education Rule. Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools [73 FR 21758, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 24818, May 6, 2010; 89 FR 89457, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.82 Applicability. (a) This subpart applies to all renovations performed for compensation in target housing and child-occupied facilities, except for the following: (1) Renovations in target housing or child-occupied facilities in which a written determination has been made by an inspector or risk assessor (certified pursuant to either Federal regulations at § 745.226 or a State or Tribal certification program authorized pursuant to § 745.324) that the components affected by the renovation are free of paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligrams/per square centimeter (mg/cm 2 (2) Renovations in target housing or child-occupied facilities in which a certified renovator, using an EPA recognized test kit as defined in § 745.83 and following the kit manufacturer's instructions, has tested each component affected by the renovation and determined that the components are free of paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 mg/cm 2 (3) Renovations in target housing or child-occupied facilities in which a certified renovator has collected a paint chip sample from each painted component affected by the renovation and a laboratory recognized by EPA pursuant to section 405(b) of TSCA as being capable of performing analyses for lead compounds in paint chip samples has determined that the samples are free of paint or other surface coatings that contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 mg/cm 2 (b) The information distribution requirements in § 745.84 do not apply to emergency renovations, which are renovation activities that were not planned but result from a sudden, unexpected event (such as non-routine failures of equipment) that, if not immediately attended to, presents a safety or public health hazard, or threatens equipment and/or property with significant damage. Interim controls performed in response to an elevated blood lead level in a resident child are also emergency renovations. Emergency renovations other than interim controls are also exempt from the warning sign, containment, waste handling, training, and certification requirements in §§ 745.85, 745.89, and 745.90 to the extent necessary to respond to the emergency. Emergency renovations are not exempt from the cleaning requirements of § 745.85(a)(5), which must be performed by certified renovators or individuals trained in accordance with § 745.90(b)(2), the cleaning verification requirements of § 745.85(b), which must be performed by certified renovators, and the recordkeeping requirements of § 745.86(b)(6) and (b)(7). [73 FR 21758, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 24818, May 6, 2010; 76 FR 47938, Aug. 5, 2011] § 745.83 Definitions. For purposes of this part, the definitions in § 745.103 as well as the following definitions apply: Administrator Child-occupied facility Cleaning verification card Component or building component Dry disposable cleaning cloth Electronic Firm HEPA vacuum Interim controls Minor repair and maintenance activities Painted surface Pamphlet Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools Person Recognized test kit Renovation Renovator Training hour Wet disposable cleaning cloth Vertical containment Wet mopping system Work area [63 FR 29919, June 1, 1998, as amended at 73 FR 21758, Apr. 22, 2008; 76 FR 47938, Aug. 5, 2011; 89 FR 89457, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.84 Information distribution requirements. (a) Renovations in dwelling units. (1) Provide the owner of the unit with the pamphlet, and comply with one of the following: (i) Obtain, from the owner, a written acknowledgment that the owner has received the pamphlet. (ii) Obtain a certificate of mailing at least 7 days prior to the renovation. (2) In addition to the requirements in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if the owner does not occupy the dwelling unit, provide an adult occupant of the unit with the pamphlet, and comply with one of the following: (i) Obtain, from the adult occupant, a written acknowledgment that the occupant has received the pamphlet; or certify in writing that a pamphlet has been delivered to the dwelling and that the firm performing the renovation has been unsuccessful in obtaining a written acknowledgment from an adult occupant. Such certification must include the address of the unit undergoing renovation, the date and method of delivery of the pamphlet, names of the persons delivering the pamphlet, reason for lack of acknowledgment (e.g., occupant refuses to sign, no adult occupant available), the signature of a representative of the firm performing the renovation, and the date of signature. (ii) Obtain a certificate of mailing at least 7 days prior to the renovation. (b) Renovations in common areas. (1) Provide the owner with the pamphlet, and comply with one of the following: (i) Obtain, from the owner, a written acknowledgment that the owner has received the pamphlet. (ii) Obtain a certificate of mailing at least 7 days prior to the renovation. (2) Comply with one of the following. (ii) While the renovation is ongoing, post informational signs describing the general nature and locations of the renovation and the anticipated completion date. These signs must be posted in areas where they are likely to be seen by the occupants of all of the affected units. The signs must be accompanied by a posted copy of the pamphlet or information on how interested occupants can review a copy of the pamphlet or obtain a copy from the renovation firm at no cost to occupants. The signs must also include information on how interested occupants can review a copy of the records required by § 745.86(c) and (d) or obtain a copy from the renovation firm at no cost to the occupants. (3) Prepare, sign, and date a statement describing the steps performed to notify all occupants of the intended renovation activities and to provide the pamphlet. (4) If the scope, locations, or expected starting and ending dates of the planned renovation activities change after the initial notification, and the firm provided written initial notification to each affected unit, the firm performing the renovation must provide further written notification to the owners and occupants providing revised information on the ongoing or planned activities. This subsequent notification must be provided before the firm performing the renovation initiates work beyond that which was described in the original notice. (c) Renovations in child-occupied facilities. (1)(i) Provide the owner of the building with the pamphlet, and comply with one of the following: (A) Obtain, from the owner, a written acknowledgment that the owner has received the pamphlet. (B) Obtain a certificate of mailing at least 7 days prior to the renovation. (ii) If the child-occupied facility is not the owner of the building, provide an adult representative of the child-occupied facility with the pamphlet, and comply with one of the following: (A) Obtain, from the adult representative, a written acknowledgment that the adult representative has received the pamphlet; or certify in writing that a pamphlet has been delivered to the facility and that the firm performing the renovation has been unsuccessful in obtaining a written acknowledgment from an adult representative. Such certification must include the address of the child-occupied facility undergoing renovation, the date and method of delivery of the pamphlet, names of the persons delivering the pamphlet, reason for lack of acknowledgment (e.g., representative refuses to sign), the signature of a representative of the firm performing the renovation, and the date of signature. (B) Obtain a certificate of mailing at least 7 days prior to the renovation. (2) Provide the parents and guardians of children using the child-occupied facility with the pamphlet, information describing the general nature and locations of the renovation and the anticipated completion date, and information on how interested parents or guardians of children frequenting the child-occupied facility can review a copy of the records required by § 745.86(c) and (d) or obtain a copy from the renovation firm at no cost to the occupants by complying with one of the following: (i) Mail or hand-deliver the pamphlet and the renovation information to each parent or guardian of a child using the child-occupied facility. (ii) While the renovation is ongoing, post informational signs describing the general nature and locations of the renovation and the anticipated completion date. These signs must be posted in areas where they can be seen by the parents or guardians of the children frequenting the child-occupied facility. The signs must be accompanied by a posted copy of the pamphlet or information on how interested parents or guardians of children frequenting the child-occupied facility can review a copy of the pamphlet or obtain a copy from the renovation firm at no cost to the parents or guardians. The signs must also include information on how interested parents or guardians of children frequenting the child-occupied facility can review a copy of the records required by § 745.86(c) and (d) or obtain a copy from the renovation firm at no cost to the parents or guardians. (3) The renovation firm must prepare, sign, and date a statement describing the steps performed to notify all parents and guardians of the intended renovation activities and to provide the pamphlet. (d) Written acknowledgment. (1) Include a statement recording the owner or occupant's name and acknowledging receipt of the pamphlet prior to the start of renovation, the address of the unit undergoing renovation, the signature of the owner or occupant as applicable, and the date of signature. (2) Be either a separate sheet or part of any written contract or service agreement for the renovation. (3) Be written in the same language as the text of the contract or agreement for the renovation or, in the case of non-owner occupied target housing, in the same language as the lease or rental agreement or the pamphlet. [63 FR 29919, June 1, 1998. Redesignated and amended at 73 FR 21760, Apr. 22, 2008; 75 FR 24818, May 6, 2010] § 745.85 Work practice standards. (a) Standards for renovation activities. (1) Occupant protection. (2) Containing the work area. (i) Interior renovations. (A) Remove all objects from the work area, including furniture, rugs, and window coverings, or cover them with plastic sheeting or other impermeable material with all seams and edges taped or otherwise sealed. (B) Close and cover all ducts opening in the work area with taped-down plastic sheeting or other impermeable material. (C) Close windows and doors in the work area. Doors must be covered with plastic sheeting or other impermeable material. Doors used as an entrance to the work area must be covered with plastic sheeting or other impermeable material in a manner that allows workers to pass through while confining dust and debris to the work area. (D) Cover the floor surface, including installed carpet, with taped-down plastic sheeting or other impermeable material in the work area 6 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces undergoing renovation or a sufficient distance to contain the dust, whichever is greater. Floor containment measures may stop at the edge of the vertical barrier when using a vertical containment system consisting of impermeable barriers that extend from the floor to the ceiling and are tightly sealed at joints with the floor, ceiling and walls. (E) Use precautions to ensure that all personnel, tools, and other items, including the exteriors of containers of waste, are free of dust and debris before leaving the work area. (ii) Exterior renovations. (A) Close all doors and windows within 20 feet of the renovation. On multi-story buildings, close all doors and windows within 20 feet of the renovation on the same floor as the renovation, and close all doors and windows on all floors below that are the same horizontal distance from the renovation. (B) Ensure that doors within the work area that will be used while the job is being performed are covered with plastic sheeting or other impermeable material in a manner that allows workers to pass through while confining dust and debris to the work area. (C) Cover the ground with plastic sheeting or other disposable impermeable material extending 10 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces undergoing renovation or a sufficient distance to collect falling paint debris, whichever is greater, unless the property line prevents 10 feet of such ground covering. Ground containment measures may stop at the edge of the vertical barrier when using a vertical containment system. (D) If the renovation will affect surfaces within 10 feet of the property line, the renovation firm must erect vertical containment or equivalent extra precautions in containing the work area to ensure that dust and debris from the renovation does not contaminate adjacent buildings or migrate to adjacent properties. Vertical containment or equivalent extra precautions in containing the work area may also be necessary in other situations in order to prevent contamination of other buildings, other areas of the property, or adjacent buildings or properties. (3) Prohibited and restricted practices. (i) Open-flame burning or torching of painted surfaces is prohibited. (ii) The use of machines designed to remove paint or other surface coatings through high speed operation such as sanding, grinding, power planing, needle gun, abrasive blasting, or sandblasting, is prohibited on painted surfaces unless such machines have shrouds or containment systems and are equipped with a HEPA vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris at the point of generation. Machines must be operated so that no visible dust or release of air occurs outside the shroud or containment system. (iii) Operating a heat gun on painted surfaces is permitted only at temperatures below 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit. (4) Waste from renovations. (ii) At the conclusion of each work day and at the conclusion of the renovation, waste that has been collected from renovation activities must be stored under containment, in an enclosure, or behind a barrier that prevents release of dust and debris out of the work area and prevents access to dust and debris. (iii) When the firm transports waste from renovation activities, the firm must contain the waste to prevent release of dust and debris. (5) Cleaning the work area. (i) Interior and exterior renovations. (A) Collect all paint chips and debris and, without dispersing any of it, seal this material in a heavy-duty bag. (B) Remove the protective sheeting. Mist the sheeting before folding it, fold the dirty side inward, and either tape shut to seal or seal in heavy-duty bags. Sheeting used to isolate contaminated rooms from non-contaminated rooms must remain in place until after the cleaning and removal of other sheeting. Dispose of the sheeting as waste. (ii) Additional cleaning for interior renovations. (A) Walls. (B) Remaining surfaces. (C) Wipe all remaining surfaces and objects in the work area, except for carpeted or upholstered surfaces, with a damp cloth. Mop uncarpeted floors thoroughly, using a mopping method that keeps the wash water separate from the rinse water, such as the 2-bucket mopping method, or using a wet mopping system. (b) Standards for post-renovation cleaning verification Interiors. (ii) After a successful visual inspection, a certified renovator must: (A) Verify that each windowsill in the work area has been adequately cleaned, using the following procedure. ( 1 ( 2 ( 3 ( 4 (B) Wipe uncarpeted floors and countertops within the work area with a wet disposable cleaning cloth. Floors must be wiped using an application device with a long handle and a head to which the cloth is attached. The cloth must remain damp at all times while it is being used to wipe the surface for post-renovation cleaning verification. If the surface within the work area is greater than 40 square feet, the surface within the work area must be divided into roughly equal sections that are each less than 40 square feet. Wipe each such section separately with a new wet disposable cleaning cloth. If the cloth used to wipe each section of the surface within the work area matches the cleaning verification card, the surface has been adequately cleaned. ( 1 ( 2 ( 3 (iii) When the work area passes the post-renovation cleaning verification, remove the warning signs. (2) Exteriors. (c) Optional dust clearance testing. (1) The renovation firm to perform dust clearance sampling at the conclusion of a renovation covered by this subpart. (2) The dust clearance samples are required to be collected by a certified inspector, risk assessor or dust sampling technician. (3) The renovation firm is required to re-clean the work area until the dust sample results are below the dust-lead action levels in § 745.227(e)(8) or any applicable State, Territorial, Tribal, or local standard. (d) Activities conducted after post-renovation cleaning verification. [73 FR 21761, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 76 FR 47938, Aug. 5, 2011; 89 FR 89457, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.86 Recordkeeping and reporting requirements. (a) Firms performing renovations must retain and, if requested, make available to EPA all records necessary to demonstrate compliance with this subpart for a period of 3 years following completion of the renovation. This 3-year retention requirement does not supersede longer obligations required by other provisions for retaining the same documentation, including any applicable State or Tribal laws or regulations. (b) Records that must be retained pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section shall include (where applicable): (1) Records or reports certifying that a determination had been made that lead-based paint was not present on the components affected by the renovation, as described in § 745.82(a). These records or reports include: (i) Reports prepared by a certified inspector or certified risk assessor (certified pursuant to either Federal regulations at § 745.226 or an EPA-authorized State or Tribal certification program). (ii) Records prepared by a certified renovator after using EPA-recognized test kits, including an identification of the manufacturer and model of any test kits used, a description of the components that were tested including their locations, and the result of each test kit used. (iii) Records prepared by a certified renovator after collecting paint chip samples, including a description of the components that were tested including their locations, the name and address of the NLLAP-recognized entity performing the analysis, and the results for each sample. (2) Signed and dated acknowledgments of receipt as described in § 745.84(a)(1)(i), (a)(2)(i), (b)(1)(i), (c)(1)(i)(A), and (c)(1)(ii)(A). (3) Certifications of attempted delivery as described in § 745.84(a)(2)(i) and (c)(1)(ii)(A). (4) Certificates of mailing as described in § 745.84(a)(1)(ii), (a)(2)(ii), (b)(1)(ii), (c)(1)(i)(B), and (c)(1)(ii)(B). (5) Records of notification activities performed regarding common area renovations, as described in § 745.84(b)(3) and (b)(4), and renovations in child-occupied facilities, as described in § 745.84(c)(2). (6) Documentation of compliance with the requirements of § 745.85, including documentation that a certified renovator was assigned to the project, that the certified renovator provided on-the-job training for workers used on the project, that the certified renovator performed or directed workers who performed all of the tasks described in § 745.85(a), and that the certified renovator performed the post-renovation cleaning verification described in § 745.85(b). If the renovation firm was unable to comply with all of the requirements of this rule due to an emergency as defined in § 745.82, the firm must document the nature of the emergency and the provisions of the rule that were not followed. This documentation must include a copy of the certified renovator's training certificate, and a certification by the certified renovator assigned to the project that: (i) Training was provided to workers (topics must be identified for each worker). (ii) Warning signs were posted at the entrances to the work area. (iii) If test kits were used, that the specified brand of kits was used at the specified locations and that the results were as specified. (v) The work area was contained by: (A) Removing or covering all objects in the work area (interiors). (B) Closing and covering all HVAC ducts in the work area (interiors). (C) Closing all windows in the work area (interiors) or closing all windows in and within 20 feet of the work area (exteriors). (D) Closing and sealing all doors in the work area (interiors) or closing and sealing all doors in and within 20 feet of the work area (exteriors). (E) Covering doors in the work area that were being used to allow passage but prevent spread of dust. (F) Covering the floor surface, including installed carpet, with taped-down plastic sheeting or other impermeable material in the work area 6 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces undergoing renovation or a sufficient distance to contain the dust, whichever is greater (interiors) or covering the ground with plastic sheeting or other disposable impermeable material anchored to the building extending 10 feet beyond the perimeter of surfaces undergoing renovation or a sufficient distance to collect falling paint debris, whichever is greater, unless the property line prevents 10 feet of such ground covering, weighted down by heavy objects (exteriors). (G) Installing (if necessary) vertical containment to prevent migration of dust and debris to adjacent property (exteriors). (iv) If paint chip samples were collected, that the samples were collected at the specified locations, that the specified NLLAP-recognized laboratory analyzed the samples, and that the results were as specified. (vi) Waste was contained on-site and while being transported off-site. (vii) The work area was properly cleaned after the renovation by: (A) Picking up all chips and debris, misting protective sheeting, folding it dirty side inward, and taping it for removal. (B) Cleaning the work area surfaces and objects using a HEPA vacuum and/or wet cloths or mops (interiors). (viii) The certified renovator performed the post-renovation cleaning verification (the results of which must be briefly described, including the number of wet and dry cloths used). (c)(1) When the final invoice for the renovation is delivered or within 30 days of the completion of the renovation, whichever is earlier, the renovation firm must provide information pertaining to compliance with this subpart to the following persons: (i) The owner of the building; and, if different, (ii) An adult occupant of the residential dwelling, if the renovation took place within a residential dwelling, or an adult representative of the child-occupied facility, if the renovation took place within a child-occupied facility. (2) When performing renovations in common areas of multi-unit target housing, renovation firms must post the information required by this subpart or instructions on how interested occupants can obtain a copy of this information. This information must be posted in areas where it is likely to be seen by the occupants of all of the affected units. (3) The information required to be provided by paragraph (c) of this section may be provided by completing the sample form titled “Sample Renovation Recordkeeping Checklist” or a similar form containing the test kit information required by § 745.86(b)(1)(ii) and the training and work practice compliance information required by § 745.86(b)(6). (d) If dust clearance sampling is performed in lieu of cleaning verification as permitted by § 745.85(c), the renovation firm must provide, when the final invoice for the renovation is delivered or within 30 days of the completion of the renovation, whichever is earlier, a copy of the dust sampling report to: (1) The owner of the building; and, if different, (2) An adult occupant of the residential dwelling, if the renovation took place within a residential dwelling, or an adult representative of the child-occupied facility, if the renovation took place within a child-occupied facility. (3) When performing renovations in common areas of multi-unit target housing, renovation firms must post these dust sampling reports or information on how interested occupants of the housing being renovated can obtain a copy of the report. This information must be posted in areas where they are likely to be seen by the occupants of all of the affected units. [73 FR 21761, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 24819, May 6, 2010; 76 FR 47939, Aug. 5, 2011] § 745.87 Enforcement and inspections. (a) Failure or refusal to comply with any provision of this subpart is a violation of TSCA section 409 (15 U.S.C. 2689). (b) Failure or refusal to establish and maintain records or to make available or permit access to or copying of records, as required by this subpart, is a violation of TSCA sections 15 and 409 (15 U.S.C. 2614 and 2689). (c) Failure or refusal to permit entry or inspection as required by 40 CFR 745.87 and TSCA section 11 (15 U.S.C. 2610) is a violation of sections 15 and 409 (15 U.S.C. 2614 and 2689). (d) Violators may be subject to civil and criminal sanctions pursuant to TSCA section 16 (15 U.S.C. 2615) for each violation. (e) Lead-based paint is assumed to be present at renovations covered by this subpart. EPA may conduct inspections and issue subpoenas pursuant to the provisions of TSCA section 11 (15 U.S.C. 2610) to ensure compliance with this subpart. [63 FR 29919, June 1, 1998, as amended at 73 FR 21763, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.88 Recognized test kits. (a) Effective June 23, 2008, EPA recognizes the test kits that have been determined by National Institute of Standards and Technology research to meet the negative response criteria described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. This recognition will last until EPA publicizes its recognition of the first test kit that meets both the negative response and positive response criteria in paragraph (c) of this section. (b) No other test kits will be recognized until they are tested through EPA's Environmental Technology Verification Program or other equivalent EPA approved testing program. (1) Effective September 1, 2008, to initiate the testing process, a test kit manufacturer must submit a sufficient number of kits, along with the instructions for using the kits, to EPA. The test kit manufacturer should first visit the following website for information on where to apply: http://www.epa.gov/etv/howtoapply.html. (2) After the kit has been tested through the Environmental Technology Verification Program or other equivalent approved EPA testing program, EPA will review the report to determine whether the required criteria have been met. (3) Before September 1, 2010, test kits must meet only the negative response criteria in paragraph (c)(1) of this section. The recognition of kits that meet only this criteria will last until EPA publicizes its recognition of the first test kits that meets both of the criteria in paragraph (c) of this section. (4) After September 1, 2010, test kits must meet both of the criteria in paragraph (c) of this section. (5) If the report demonstrates that the kit meets the required criteria, EPA will issue a notice of recognition to the kit manufacturer, provide them with the report, and post the information on EPA's website. (6) If the report demonstrates that the kit does not meet the required criteria, EPA will notify the kit manufacturer and provide them with the report. (c) Response criteria Negative response criteria. 2 (2) Positive response criteria. 2 [73 FR 21763, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.89 Firm certification. (a) Initial certification. (2) After EPA receives a firm's application, EPA will take one of the following actions within 90 days of the date the application is received: (i) EPA will approve a firm's application if EPA determines that it is complete and that the environmental compliance history of the firm, its principals, or its key employees does not show an unwillingness or inability to maintain compliance with environmental statutes or regulations. An application is complete if it contains all of the information requested on the form and includes at least the correct amount of fees. When EPA approves a firm's application, EPA will issue the firm a certificate with an expiration date not more than 5 years from the date the application is approved. EPA certification allows the firm to perform renovations covered by this section in any State or Indian Tribal area that does not have a renovation program that is authorized under subpart Q of this part. (ii) EPA will request a firm to supplement its application if EPA determines that the application is incomplete. If EPA requests a firm to supplement its application, the firm must submit the requested information or pay the additional fees within 30 days of the date of the request. (iii) EPA will not approve a firm's application if the firm does not supplement its application in accordance with paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section or if EPA determines that the environmental compliance history of the firm, its principals, or its key employees demonstrates an unwillingness or inability to maintain compliance with environmental statutes or regulations. EPA will send the firm a letter giving the reason for not approving the application. EPA will not refund the application fees. A firm may reapply for certification at any time by filing a new, complete application that includes the correct amount of fees. (b) Re-certification. (1) Timely and complete application. (i) An application for re-certification is timely if it is electronically submitted 90 days or more before the date the firm's current certification expires. If the firm's application is complete and timely, the firm's current certification will remain in effect until its expiration date or until EPA has made a final decision to approve or disapprove the re-certification application, whichever is later. (ii) If the firm submits a complete re-certification application less than 90 days before its current certification expires, and EPA does not approve the application before the expiration date, the firm's current certification will expire and the firm will not be able to conduct renovations until EPA approves its re-certification application. (iii) If the firm fails to obtain recertification before the firm's current certification expires, the firm must not perform renovations or dust sampling until it is certified anew pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section. (2) EPA action on an application. (i) EPA will approve a firm's application if EPA determines that it is timely and complete and that the environmental compliance history of the firm, its principals, or its key employees does not show an unwillingness or inability to maintain compliance with environmental statutes or regulations. When EPA approves a firm's application for re-certification, EPA will issue the firm a new certificate with an expiration date 5 years from the date that the firm's current certification expires. EPA certification allows the firm to perform renovations or dust sampling covered by this section in any State or Indian Tribal area that does not have a renovation program that is authorized under subpart Q of this part. (ii) EPA will request a firm to supplement its application if EPA determines that the application is incomplete. (iii) EPA will not approve a firm's application if it is not received or is not complete as of the date that the firm's current certification expires, or if EPA determines that the environmental compliance history of the firm, its principals, or its key employees demonstrates an unwillingness or inability to maintain compliance with environmental statutes or regulations. EPA will send the firm a letter giving the reason for not approving the application. EPA will not refund the application fees. A firm may reapply for certification at any time by filing a new application and paying the correct amount of fees. (c) Amendment of certification. (1) To amend certification, a firm must electronically submit a completed “Application for Firms,” signed by an authorized agent of the firm, noting on the form that it is submitted as an amendment and indicating the information that has changed. The firm must also pay at least the correct amount of fees. (2) If additional information is needed to process the amendment, or the firm did not pay the correct amount of fees, EPA will request the firm to submit the necessary information or fees. The firm's certification is not amended until the firm complies with the request. (3) Amending a certification does not affect the certification expiration date. (d) Firm responsibilities. (1) All individuals performing renovation activities on behalf of the firm are either certified renovators or have been trained by a certified renovator in accordance with § 745.90. (2) A certified renovator is assigned to each renovation performed by the firm and discharges all of the certified renovator responsibilities identified in § 745.90. (3) All renovations performed by the firm are performed in accordance with the work practice standards in § 745.85. (4) The pre-renovation education requirements of § 745.84 have been performed. (5) The recordkeeping requirements of § 745.86 are met. [73 FR 21764, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 89 FR 89457, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.90 Renovator certification and dust sampling technician certification. (a) Renovator certification and dust sampling technician certification. (2) Individuals who have successfully completed an accredited abatement worker or supervisor course, or individuals who successfully completed an EPA, HUD, or EPA/HUD model renovation training course before October 4, 2011 may take an accredited refresher renovator training course that includes hands-on training in lieu of the initial renovator training course to become a certified renovator. (3) Individuals who have successfully completed an accredited lead-based paint inspector or risk assessor course before October 4, 2011 may take an accredited refresher dust sampling technician course in lieu of the initial training to become a certified dust sampling technician. Individuals who are currently certified as lead-based paint inspectors or risk assessors may act as certified dust sampling technicians without further training. (4) To maintain renovator certification or dust sampling technician certification, an individual must complete a renovator or dust sampling technician refresher course accredited by EPA under § 745.225 or by a State or Tribal program that is authorized under Subpart Q of this part within 5 years of the date the individual completed the initial course described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. If the individual does not complete a refresher course within this time, the individual must re-take the initial course to become certified again. Individuals who take a renovator refresher course that does not include hands-on training will be certified for 3 years from the date they complete the training. Individuals who take a refresher training course that includes hands-on training will be certified for 5 years. Individuals who take the renovator refresher without hands-on training must, for their next refresher course, take a refresher course that includes hands-on training to maintain renovator certification. (b) Renovator responsibilities. (1) Must perform all of the tasks described in § 745.85(b) and must either perform or direct workers who perform all of the tasks described in § 745.85(a). (2) Must provide training to workers on the work practices required by § 745.85(a) that they will be using in performing their assigned tasks. (3) Must be physically present at the work site when the signs required by § 745.85(a)(1) are posted, while the work area containment required by § 745.85(a)(2) is being established, and while the work area cleaning required by § 745.85(a)(5) is performed. (4) Must regularly direct work being performed by other individuals to ensure that the work practices required by § 745.85(a) are being followed, including maintaining the integrity of the containment barriers and ensuring that dust or debris does not spread beyond the work area. (5) Must be available, either on-site or by telephone, at all times that renovations are being conducted. (6) When requested by the party contracting for renovation services, must use an acceptable test kit to determine whether components to be affected by the renovation contain lead-based paint. (7) Must have with them at the work site copies of their initial course completion certificate and their most recent refresher course completion certificate. (8) Must prepare the records required by § 745.86(b)(1)(ii) and (6). (c) Dust sampling technician responsibilities. (1) Must collect dust samples in accordance with § 745.227(e)(8), must send the collected samples to a laboratory recognized by EPA under TSCA section 405(b), and must compare the results to the action levels in accordance with § 745.227(e)(8). (2) Must have with them at the work site copies of their initial course completion certificate and their most recent refresher course completion certificate. [73 FR 21765, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 24819, May 6, 2010; 76 FR 47939, Aug. 5, 2011; 80 FR 20446, Apr. 16, 2015; 81 FR 7995, Feb. 17, 2016; 89 FR 89457, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.91 Suspending, revoking, or modifying an individual's or firm's certification. (a)(1) Grounds for suspending, revoking, or modifying an individual's certification. (2) Grounds for suspending, revoking, or modifying a firm's certification. (i) Submits false or misleading information to EPA in its application for certification or re-certification. (ii) Fails to maintain or falsifies records required in § 745.86. (iii) Fails to comply, or an individual performing a renovation on behalf of the firm fails to comply, with Federal lead-based paint statutes or regulations. In addition to an administrative or judicial finding of violation, execution of a consent agreement in settlement of an enforcement action constitutes, for purposes of this section, evidence of a failure to comply with relevant statutes or regulations. (b) Process for suspending, revoking, or modifying certification. (i) The legal and factual basis for the proposed suspension, revocation, or modification. (ii) The anticipated commencement date and duration of the suspension, revocation, or modification. (iii) Actions, if any, which the affected entity may take to avoid suspension, revocation, or modification, or to receive certification in the future. (iv) The opportunity and method for requesting a hearing prior to final suspension, revocation, or modification. (2) If an individual or firm requests a hearing, EPA will: (i) Provide the affected entity an opportunity to offer written statements in response to EPA's assertions of the legal and factual basis for its proposed action. (ii) Appoint an impartial official of EPA as Presiding Officer to conduct the hearing. (3) The Presiding Officer will: (i) Conduct a fair, orderly, and impartial hearing within 90 days of the request for a hearing. (ii) Consider all relevant evidence, explanation, comment, and argument submitted. (iii) Notify the affected entity in writing within 90 days of completion of the hearing of his or her decision and order. Such an order is a final agency action which may be subject to judicial review. The order must contain the commencement date and duration of the suspension, revocation, or modification. (4) If EPA determines that the public health, interest, or welfare warrants immediate action to suspend the certification of any individual or firm prior to the opportunity for a hearing, it will: (i) Notify the affected entity in accordance with paragraph (b)(1)(i) through (b)(1)(iii) of this section, explaining why it is necessary to suspend the entity's certification before an opportunity for a hearing. (ii) Notify the affected entity of its right to request a hearing on the immediate suspension within 15 days of the suspension taking place and the procedures for the conduct of such a hearing. (5) Any notice, decision, or order issued by EPA under this section, any transcript or other verbatim record of oral testimony, and any documents filed by a certified individual or firm in a hearing under this section will be available to the public, except as otherwise provided by section 14 of TSCA or by part 2 of this title. Any such hearing at which oral testimony is presented will be open to the public, except that the Presiding Officer may exclude the public to the extent necessary to allow presentation of information which may be entitled to confidential treatment under section 14 of TSCA or part 2 of this title. (6) EPA will maintain a publicly available list of entities whose certification has been suspended, revoked, modified, or reinstated. (7) Unless the decision and order issued under paragraph (b)(3)(iii) of this section specify otherwise: (i) An individual whose certification has been suspended must take a refresher training course (renovator or dust sampling technician) in order to make his or her certification current. (ii) An individual whose certification has been revoked must take an initial renovator or dust sampling technician course in order to become certified again. (iii) A firm whose certification has been revoked must reapply for certification after the revocation ends in order to become certified again. If the firm's certification has been suspended and the suspension ends less than 5 years after the firm was initially certified or re-certified, the firm does not need to do anything to re-activate its certification. [73 FR 21765, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.92 Fees for the accreditation of renovation and dust sampling technician training and the certification of renovation firms. (a) Persons who must pay fees. (1) Training programs Non-exempt training programs. (ii) Exemption. (2) Firms. (b) Fee amounts Certification and accreditation fees. Training Program Accreditation Re-accreditation (every 4 years, see 40 CFR 745.225(f)(1) for details) Initial Renovator or Dust Sampling Technician Course $560 $340 Refresher Renovator or Dust Sampling Technician Course $400 $310 Renovation Firm Certification Re-certification (every 5 years see 40 CFR 745.89(b)) Firm $300 $300 Combined Renovation and Lead-based Paint Activities Firm Application $550 $550 Combined Renovation and Lead-based Paint Activities Tribal Firm Application $20 $20 Tribal Firm $20 $20 (2) Lost certificate. (c) Certificate replacement. (1) Complete the applicable portions of the “Application for Firms” in accordance with the instructions provided. (2) Submit the application and a payment of $15 electronically in accordance with the instructions provided with the application package. (3) Accreditation or certification amendments. (d) Failure to remit fees. (2) EPA will not replace a certificate for any firm that does not remit the $15 fee in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph (c) of this section. [74 FR 11869, Mar. 20, 2009, as amended at 76 FR 47939, Aug. 5, 2011; 89 FR 89457, Nov. 12, 2024] Subpart F—Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.100 Purpose. This subpart implements the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 4852d, which impose certain requirements on the sale or lease of target housing. Under this subpart, a seller or lessor of target housing shall disclose to the purchaser or lessee the presence of any known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards; provide available records and reports; provide the purchaser or lessee with a lead hazard information pamphlet; give purchasers a 10-day opportunity to conduct a risk assessment or inspection; and attach specific disclosure and warning language to the sales or leasing contract before the purchaser or lessee is obligated under a contract to purchase or lease target housing. § 745.101 Scope and applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target housing that have been found to be lead-based paint free by an inspector certified under the Federal certification program or under a federally accredited State or tribal certification program. Until a Federal certification program or federally accredited State certification program is in place within the State, inspectors shall be considered qualified to conduct an inspection for this purpose if they have received certification under any existing State or tribal inspector certification program. The lessor has the option of using the results of additional test(s) by a certified inspector to confirm or refute a prior finding. (c) Short-term leases of 100 days or less, where no lease renewal or extension can occur. (d) Renewals of existing leases in target housing in which the lessor has previously disclosed all information required under § 745.107 and where no new information described in § 745.107 has come into the possession of the lessor. For the purposes of this paragraph, renewal shall include both renegotiation of existing lease terms and/or ratification of a new lease. § 745.102 Effective dates. The requirements in this subpart take effect in the following manner: (a) For owners of more than four residential dwellings, the requirements shall take effect on September 6, 1996. (b) For owners of one to four residential dwellings, the requirements shall take effect on December 6, 1996. § 745.103 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart. The Act Agent Available Common area Contract for the purchase and sale of residential real property EPA Evaluation Foreclosure Housing for the elderly HUD Inspection (1) A surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint as provided in section 302(c) of the Lead-Based Paint Poisoning and Prevention Act [42 U.S.C. 4822], and (2) The provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation. Lead-based paint Lead-based paint free housing Lead-based paint hazard Lessee Lessor Owner Purchaser Reduction Residential dwelling (1) A single-family dwelling, including attached structures such as porches and stoops; or (2) A single-family dwelling unit in a structure that contains more than one separate residential dwelling unit, and in which each such unit is used or occupied, or intended to be used or occupied, in whole or in part, as the residence of one or more persons. Risk assessment (1) Information gathering regarding the age and history of the housing and occupancy by children under age 6; (2) Visual inspection; (3) Limited wipe sampling or other environmental sampling techniques; (4) Other activity as may be appropriate; and (5) Provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation. Secretary Seller (1) An entity that transfers shares in a cooperatively owned project, in return for consideration; and (2) An entity that transfers its interest in a leasehold, in jurisdictions or circumstances where it is legally permissible to separate the fee title from the title to the improvement, in return for consideration. Target housing TSCA 0-bedroom dwelling [61 FR 9085, Mar. 6, 1996, as amended at 89 FR 89458, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.107 Disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors. (a) The following activities shall be completed before the purchaser or lessee is obligated under any contract to purchase or lease target housing that is not otherwise an exempt transaction pursuant to § 745.101. Nothing in this section implies a positive obligation on the seller or lessor to conduct any evaluation or reduction activities. (1) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with an EPA-approved lead hazard information pamphlet. Such pamphlets include the EPA document entitled Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home (2) The seller or lessor shall disclose to the purchaser or lessee the presence of any known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the target housing being sold or leased. The seller or lessor shall also disclose any additional information available concerning the known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, such as the basis for the determination that lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards exist, the location of the lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, and the condition of the painted surfaces. (3) The seller or lessor shall disclose to each agent the presence of any known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the target housing being sold or leased and the existence of any available records or reports pertaining to lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards. The seller or lessor shall also disclose any additional information available concerning the known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, such as the basis for the determination that lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards exist, the location of the lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, and the condition of the painted surfaces. (4) The seller or lessor shall provide the purchaser or lessee with any records or reports available to the seller or lessor pertaining to lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the target housing being sold or leased. This requirement includes records or reports regarding common areas. This requirement also includes records or reports regarding other residential dwellings in multifamily target housing, provided that such information is part of an evaluation or reduction of lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the target housing as a whole. (b) If any of the disclosure activities identified in paragraph (a) of this section occurs after the purchaser or lessee has provided an offer to purchase or lease the housing, the seller or lessor shall complete the required disclosure activities prior to accepting the purchaser's or lessee's offer and allow the purchaser or lessee an opportunity to review the information and possibly amend the offer. § 745.110 Opportunity to conduct an evaluation. (a) Before a purchaser is obligated under any contract to purchase target housing, the seller shall permit the purchaser a 10-day period (unless the parties mutually agree, in writing, upon a different period of time) to conduct a risk assessment or inspection for the presence of lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards. (b) Not withstanding paragraph (a) of this section, a purchaser may waive the opportunity to conduct the risk assessment or inspection by so indicating in writing. § 745.113 Certification and acknowledgment of disclosure. (a) Seller requirements. (1) A Lead Warning Statement consisting of the following language: Every purchaser of any interest in residential real property on which a residential dwelling was built prior to 1978 is notified that such property may present exposure to lead from lead-based paint that may place young children at risk of developing lead poisoning. Lead poisoning in young children may produce permanent neurological damage, including learning disabilities, reduced intelligence quotient, behavioral problems, and impaired memory. Lead poisoning also poses a particular risk to pregnant women. The seller of any interest in residential real property is required to provide the buyer with any information on lead-based paint hazards from risk assessments or inspections in the seller's possession and notify the buyer of any known lead-based paint hazards. A risk assessment or inspection for possible lead-based paint hazards is recommended prior to purchase. (2) A statement by the seller disclosing the presence of known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the target housing being sold or indicating no knowledge of the presence of lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards. The seller shall also provide any additional information available concerning the known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, such as the basis for the determination that lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards exist, the location of the lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, and the condition of the painted surfaces. (3) A list of any records or reports available to the seller pertaining to lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the housing that have been provided to the purchaser. If no such records or reports are available, the seller shall so indicate. (4) A statement by the purchaser affirming receipt of the information set out in paragraphs (a)(2) and (3) of this section and the lead hazard information pamphlet required under 15 U.S.C. 2686. (5) A statement by the purchaser that he/she has either: (i) Received the opportunity to conduct the risk assessment or inspection required by § 745.110(a); or (ii) Waived the opportunity. (6) When one or more agents are involved in the transaction to sell target housing on behalf of the seller, a statement that: (i) The agent has informed the seller of the seller's obligations under 42 U.S.C. 4852d; and (ii) The agent is aware of his/her duty to ensure compliance with the requirements of this subpart. (7) The signatures of the sellers, agents, and purchasers certifying to the accuracy of their statements to the best of their knowledge, along with the dates of signature. (b) Lessor requirements. (1) A Lead Warning Statement with the following language: Housing built before 1978 may contain lead-based paint. Lead from paint, paint chips, and dust can pose health hazards if not managed properly. Lead exposure is especially harmful to young children and pregnant women. Before renting pre-1978 housing, lessors must disclose the presence of known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the dwelling. Lessees must also receive a federally approved pamphlet on lead poisoning prevention. (2) A statement by the lessor disclosing the presence of known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the target housing being leased or indicating no knowledge of the presence of lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards. The lessor shall also disclose any additional information available concerning the known lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, such as the basis for the determination that lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards exist, the location of the lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards, and the condition of the painted surfaces. (3) A list of any records or reports available to the lessor pertaining to lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards in the housing that have been provided to the lessee. If no such records or reports are available, the lessor shall so indicate. (4) A statement by the lessee affirming receipt of the information set out in paragraphs (b)(2) and (3) of this section and the lead hazard information pamphlet required under 15 U.S.C. 2686. (5) When one or more agents are involved in the transaction to lease target housing on behalf of the lessor, a statement that: (i) The agent has informed the lessor of the lessor as obligations under 42 U.S.C. 4852d; and (ii) The agent is aware of his/her duty to ensure compliance with the requirements of this subpart. (6) The signatures of the lessors, agents, and lessees, certifying to the accuracy of their statements, to the best of their knowledge, along with the dates of signature. (c) Retention of Certification and Acknowledgment Information. (2) This recordkeeping requirement is not intended to place any limitations on civil suits under the Act, or to otherwise affect a lessee's or purchaser's rights under the civil penalty provisions of 42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(3). (d) The seller, lessor, or agent shall not be responsible for the failure of a purchaser's or lessee's legal representative (where such representative receives all compensation from the purchaser or lessee) to transmit disclosure materials to the purchaser or lessee, provided that all required parties have completed and signed the necessary certification and acknowledgment language required under paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section. [61 FR 9085, Mar. 6, 1996, as amended at 89 FR 89458, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.115 Agent responsibilities. (a) Each agent shall ensure compliance with all requirements of this subpart. To ensure compliance, the agent shall: (1) Inform the seller or lessor of his/her obligations under §§ 745.107, 745.110, and 745.113. (2) Ensure that the seller or lessor has performed all activities required under §§ 745.107, 745.110, and 745.113, or personally ensure compliance with the requirements of §§ 745.107, 745.110, and 745.113. (b) If the agent has complied with paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the agent shall not be liable for the failure to disclose to a purchaser or lessee the presence of lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards known by a seller or lessor but not disclosed to the agent. § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any person who knowingly fails to comply with any provision of this subpart shall be subject to civil monetary penalties in accordance with the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 3545 and 24 CFR part 30. (b) The Secretary is authorized to take such action as may be necessary to enjoin any violation of this subpart in the appropriate Federal district court. (c) Any person who knowingly violates the provisions of this subpart shall be jointly and severally liable to the purchaser or lessee in an amount equal to 3 times the amount of damages incurred by such individual. (d) In any civil action brought for damages pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(3), the appropriate court may award court costs to the party commencing such action, together with reasonable attorney fees and any expert witness fees, if that party prevails. (e) Failure or refusal to comply with § 745.107 (disclosure requirements for sellers and lessors), § 745.110 (opportunity to conduct an evaluation), § 745.113 (certification and acknowledgment of disclosure), or § 745.115 (agent responsibilities) is a violation of 42 U.S.C. 4852d(b)(5) and of TSCA section 409 (15 U.S.C. 2689). (f) Violators may be subject to civil and criminal sanctions pursuant to TSCA section 16 (15 U.S.C. 2615) for each violation. For purposes of enforcing this subpart, the penalty for each violation applicable under 15 U.S.C. 2615 shall not be more than $11,000 for all violations occuring after July 28, 1997; all violations occuring on or prior to that date are subject to a penalty not more than $10,000. The civil monetary penalty amounts listed in this section may not reflect recent inflation adjustments EPA is required to make. The current maximum and minimum statutory civil penalty amounts are located in § 19.4. [61 FR 9085, Mar. 6, 1996, as amended at 62 FR 35041, June 27, 1997; 89 FR 88656, Nov. 8, 2024] § 745.119 Impact on State and local requirements. Nothing in this subpart shall relieve a seller, lessor, or agent from any responsibility for compliance with State or local laws, ordinances, codes, or regulations governing notice or disclosure of known lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards. Neither HUD nor EPA assumes any responsibility for ensuring compliance with such State or local requirements. Subparts G-K [Reserved] Subpart L—Lead-Based Paint Activities Source: 61 FR 45813, Aug. 29, 1996, unless otherwise noted. § 745.220 Scope and applicability. (a) This subpart contains procedures and requirements for the accreditation of training programs for lead-based paint activities and renovations, procedures and requirements for the certification of individuals and firms engaged in lead-based paint activities, and work practice standards for performing such activities. This subpart also requires that, except as discussed below, all lead-based paint activities, as defined in this subpart, be performed by certified individuals and firms. (b) This subpart applies to all individuals and firms who are engaged in lead-based paint activities as defined in § 745.223, except persons who perform these activities within residential dwellings that they own, unless the residential dwelling is occupied by a person or persons other than the owner or the owner's immediate family while these activities are being performed, or a child residing in the building has been identified as having an elevated blood lead level. This subpart applies only in those States or Indian Country that do not have an authorized State or Tribal program pursuant to § 745.324 of subpart Q. (c) Each department, agency, and instrumentality of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Federal Government having jurisdiction over any property or facility, or engaged in any activity resulting, or which may result, in a lead-based paint hazard, and each officer, agent, or employee thereof shall be subject to, and comply with, all Federal, State, interstate, and local requirements, both substantive and procedural, including the requirements of this subpart regarding lead-based paint, lead-based paint activities, and lead-based paint hazards. (d) While this subpart establishes specific requirements for performing lead-based paint activities should they be undertaken, nothing in this subpart requires that the owner or occupant undertake any particular lead-based paint activity. [61 FR 45813, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 73 FR 21766, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.223 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A apply to this subpart. In addition, the following definitions apply. Abatement (1) The removal of paint and dust (in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels), the permanent enclosure or encapsulation of lead-based paint, the replacement of painted surfaces or fixtures, or the removal or permanent covering of soil, when lead-based paint hazards are present in such paint, dust or soil; and (2) All preparation, cleanup, disposal, and post-abatement testing activities associated with such measures. (3) Specifically, abatement includes, but is not limited to: (i) Projects for which there is a written contract or other documentation, which provides that an individual or firm will be conducting activities in or to a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility that: (A) Shall result in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels; or (B) Are designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels, and are described in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this definition. (ii) Projects resulting in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels, conducted by firms or individuals certified in accordance with § 745.226, unless such projects are covered by paragraph (4) of this definition; (iii) Projects resulting in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels, conducted by firms or individuals who, through their company name or promotional literature, represent, advertise, or hold themselves out to be in the business of performing lead-based paint activities as identified and defined by this section, unless such projects are covered by paragraph (4) of this definition; or (iv) Projects resulting in the permanent elimination of lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels, that are conducted in response to State or local abatement orders. (4) Abatement does not include renovation, remodeling, landscaping or other activities, when such activities are not designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels, but, instead, are designed to repair, restore, or remodel a given structure or dwelling, even though these activities may incidentally result in a reduction or elimination of lead-based paint hazards. Furthermore, abatement does not include interim controls, operations and maintenance activities, or other measures and activities designed to temporarily, but not permanently, reduce lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels. Action levels Accredited training program Adequate quality control Business day Certified firm Certified inspector Certified abatement worker Certified project designer Certified risk assessor Certified supervisor Child-occupied facility Common area Component or building component Containment Course agenda Course test Course test blue print Deteriorated paint Discipline Distinct painting history Documented methodologies Electronic Elevated blood lead level (EBL) Encapsulant Encapsulation Enclosure Guest instructor Hands-on skills assessment Hazardous waste Housing for the elderly Inspection Interim certification Interim controls Lead-based paint Lead-based paint activities Lead-based paint activities courses Lead-based paint hazard Lead-hazard screen Living area Local government Multi-family dwelling Nonprofit Paint in poor condition Permanently covered soil Person Principal instructor Recognized laboratory Reduction Residential dwelling Risk assessment Start date Start date provided to EPA State Target housing Training curriculum Training hour Training manager Training provider Visual inspection for abatement-related testing Visual inspection for risk assessment [61 FR 45813, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 31097, June 9, 1999; 66 FR 1239, Jan. 5, 2001; 69 FR 18495, Apr. 8, 2004; 86 FR 994, Jan. 7, 2021; 89 FR 89458, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.225 Accreditation of training programs: target housing and child occupied facilities. (a) Scope. (2) Training programs may first apply to EPA for accreditation of their lead-based paint activities courses or refresher courses pursuant to this section on or after August 31, 1998. Training programs may first apply to EPA for accreditation of their renovator or dust sampling technician courses or refresher courses pursuant to this section on or after April 22, 2009. (3) A training program must not provide, offer, or claim to provide EPA- accredited lead-based paint activities courses without applying for and receiving accreditation from EPA as required under paragraph (b) of this section on or after March 1, 1999. A training program must not provide, offer, or claim to provide EPA-accredited renovator or dust sampling technician courses without applying for and receiving accreditation from EPA as required under paragraph (b) of this section on or after June 23, 2008. (4) Accredited training programs, training program managers, and principal instructors must comply with all of the requirements of this section including approved terms of the application and all of the requirements and limitations specified in any accreditation documents issued to training programs. (b) Application process. (1) A training program seeking accreditation shall submit an electronic application to EPA containing the following information: (i) The training program's name, address, and telephone number. (ii) A list of courses for which it is applying for accreditation. For the purposes of this section, courses taught in different languages and electronic learning courses are considered different courses, and each must independently meet the accreditation requirements. (iii) The name and documentation of the qualifications of the training program manager. (iv) The name(s) and documentation of qualifications of any principal instructor(s). (v) A statement signed by the training program manager certifying that the training program meets the requirements established in paragraph (c) of this section. If a training program uses EPA-recommended model training materials, or training materials approved by a State or Indian Tribe that has been authorized by EPA under subpart Q of this part, the training program manager shall include a statement certifying that, as well. (vi) If a training program does not use EPA-recommended model training materials, its application for accreditation shall also include: (A) A copy of the student and instructor manuals, or other materials to be used for each course. (B) A copy of the course agenda for each course. (C) When applying for accreditation of a course in a language other than English, a signed statement from a qualified, independent translator that they had compared the course to the English language version and found the translation to be accurate. (vii) All training programs shall include in their application for accreditation the following: (A) A description of the facilities and equipment to be used for lecture and hands-on training. (B) A copy of the course test blueprint for each course. (C) A description of the activities and procedures that will be used for conducting the assessment of hands-on skills for each course. (D) A copy of the quality control plan as described in paragraph (c)(9) of this section. (2) If a training program meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, then EPA shall approve the application for accreditation no more than 180 days after receiving a complete application from the training program. In the case of approval, a certificate of accreditation shall be sent to the applicant. In the case of disapproval, a letter describing the reasons for disapproval shall be sent to the applicant. Prior to disapproval, EPA may, at its discretion, work with the applicant to address inadequacies in the application for accreditation. EPA may also request additional materials retained by the training program under paragraph (i) of this section. If a training program's application is disapproved, the program may reapply for accreditation at any time. (3) A training program may apply for accreditation to offer courses or refresher courses in as many disciplines as it chooses. A training program may seek accreditation for additional courses at any time as long as the program can demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section. (4) A training program applying for accreditation must submit the appropriate fees in accordance with § 745.238. (c) Requirements for the accreditation of training programs. (1) The training program shall employ a training manager who has: (i) At least 2 years of experience, education, or training in teaching workers or adults; or (ii) A bachelor's or graduate degree in building construction technology, engineering, industrial hygiene, safety, public health, education, business administration or program management or a related field; or (iii) Two years of experience in managing a training program specializing in environmental hazards; and (iv) Demonstrated experience, education, or training in the construction industry including: Lead or asbestos abatement, painting, carpentry, renovation, remodeling, occupational safety and health, or industrial hygiene. (2) The training manager shall designate a qualified principal instructor for each course who has: (i) Demonstrated experience, education, or training in teaching workers or adults; and (ii) Successfully completed at least 16 hours of any EPA-accredited or EPA-authorized State or Tribal-accredited lead-specific training for instructors of lead-based paint activities courses or 8 hours of any EPA-accredited or EPA-authorized State or Tribal-accredited lead-specific training for instructors of renovator or dust sampling technician courses; and (iii) Demonstrated experience, education, or training in lead or asbestos abatement, painting, carpentry, renovation, remodeling, occupational safety and health, or industrial hygiene. (3) The principal instructor shall be responsible for the organization of the course, course delivery, and oversight of the teaching of all course material. The training manager may designate guest instructors as needed for a portion of the course to provide instruction specific to the lecture, hands-on activities, or work practice components of a course. However, the principal instructor is primarily responsible for teaching the course materials and must be present to provide instruction (or oversight of portions of the course taught by guest instructors) for the course for which he has been designated the principal instructor. (4) The following documents shall be recognized by EPA as evidence that training managers and principal instructors have the education, work experience, training requirements or demonstrated experience, specifically listed in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section. This documentation must be submitted with the accreditation application and retained by the training program as required by the recordkeeping requirements contained in paragraph (i) of this section. Those documents include the following: (i) Official academic transcripts or diploma as evidence of meeting the education requirements. (ii) Resumes, letters of reference, or documentation of work experience, as evidence of meeting the work experience requirements. (iii) Certificates from train-the-trainer courses and lead-specific training courses, as evidence of meeting the training requirements. (5) The training program shall ensure the availability of, and provide adequate facilities for, the delivery of the lecture, course test, hands-on training, and assessment activities. This includes providing training equipment that reflects current work practices and maintaining or updating the equipment and facilities as needed. (6) To become accredited in the following disciplines, the training program shall provide training courses that meet the following training requirements: (i) The inspector course shall last a minimum of 24 training hours, with a minimum of 8 hours devoted to hands-on training activities. The minimum curriculum requirements for the inspector course are contained in paragraph (d)(1) of this section. (ii) The risk assessor course shall last a minimum of 16 training hours, with a minimum of 4 hours devoted to hands-on training activities. The minimum curriculum requirements for the risk assessor course are contained in paragraph (d)(2) of this section. (iii) The supervisor course shall last a minimum of 32 training hours, with a minimum of 8 hours devoted to hands-on activities. The minimum curriculum requirements for the supervisor course are contained in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. (iv) The project designer course shall last a minimum of 8 training hours. The minimum curriculum requirements for the project designer course are contained in paragraph (d)(4) of this section. (v) The abatement worker course shall last a minimum of 16 training hours, with a minimum of 8 hours devoted to hands-on training activities. The minimum curriculum requirements for the abatement worker course are contained in paragraph (d)(5) of this section. (vi) The renovator course must last a minimum of 8 training hours, with a minimum of 2 hours devoted to hands-on training activities. The minimum curriculum requirements for the renovator course are contained in paragraph (d)(6) of this section. (vii) The dust sampling technician course must last a minimum of 8 training hours, with a minimum of 2 hours devoted to hands-on training activities. The minimum curriculum requirements for the dust sampling technician course are contained in paragraph (d)(7) of this section. (viii) Electronic learning and other alternative course delivery methods are permitted for the classroom portion of renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses but not the hands-on portion of these courses, or for final course tests or proficiency tests described in paragraph (c)(7) of this section. Electronic learning courses must comply with the following requirements: (A) A unique identifier must be assigned to each student for them to use to launch and re-launch the course. (B) The training provider must track each student's course log-ins, launches, progress, and completion, and maintain these records in accordance with paragraph (i) of this section. (C) The course must include periodic knowledge checks equivalent to the number and content of the knowledge checks contained in EPA's model course, but at least 16 over the entire course. The knowledge checks must be successfully completed before the student can go on to the next module. (D) There must be a test of at least 20 questions at the end of the electronic learning portion of the course, of which 80% must be answered correctly by the student for successful completion of the electronic learning portion of the course. The test must be designed so that students to do not receive feedback on their test answers until after they have completed and submitted the test. (E) Each student must be able to save or print a copy of an electronic learning course completion certificate. The electronic certificate must not be susceptible to easy editing. (7) For each course offered, the training program shall conduct either a course test at the completion of the course, and if applicable, a hands-on skills assessment, or in the alternative, a proficiency test for that discipline. Each student must successfully complete the hands-on skills assessment and receive a passing score on the course test to pass any course, or successfully complete a proficiency test. (i) The training manager is responsible for maintaining the validity and integrity of the hands-on skills assessment or proficiency test to ensure that it accurately evaluates the trainees' performance of the work practices and procedures associated with the course topics contained in paragraph (d) of this section. (ii) The training manager is responsible for maintaining the validity and integrity of the course test to ensure that it accurately evaluates the trainees' knowledge and retention of the course topics. (iii) The course test shall be developed in accordance with the test blueprint submitted with the training accreditation application. (8) The training program shall issue unique course completion certificates to each individual who passes the training course. The course completion certificate shall include: (i) The name, a unique identification number, and address of the individual. (ii) The name of the particular course that the individual completed. (iii) Dates of course completion/test passage. (iv) For initial inspector, risk assessor, project designer, supervisor, or abatement worker course completion certificates, the expiration date of interim certification, which is 6 months from the date of course completion. (v) The name, address, and telephone number of the training program. (vi) The language in which the course was taught. (vii) For renovator and dust sampling technician course completion certificates, a photograph of the individual. The photograph must be an accurate and recognizable image of the individual. As reproduced on the certificate, the photograph must not be smaller than 1 square inch. (viii) For renovator course completion certificates, the expiration date of certification. (9) The training manager shall develop and implement a quality control plan. The plan shall be used to maintain and improve the quality of the training program over time. This plan shall contain at least the following elements: (i) Procedures for periodic revision of training materials and the course test to reflect innovations in the field. (ii) Procedures for the training manager's annual review of principal instructor competency. (10) Courses offered by the training program must teach the work practice standards contained in § 745.85 or § 745.227, as applicable, in such a manner that trainees are provided with the knowledge needed to perform the renovations or lead-based paint activities they will be responsible for conducting. (11) The training manager shall be responsible for ensuring that the training program complies at all times with all of the requirements in this section. (12) The training manager shall allow EPA to audit the training program to verify the contents of the application for accreditation as described in paragraph (b) of this section. (13) The training manager must provide notification of renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses offered. (i) The training manager must provide EPA with notification of all renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses offered except for any renovator course without hands-on training delivered via electronic learning. The original notification must be received by EPA at least 7 business days prior to the start date of any renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities course. (ii) The training manager must provide EPA updated notification when renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses will begin on a date other than the start date specified in the original notification, as follows: (A) For renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses beginning prior to the start date provided to EPA, an updated notification must be received by EPA at least 7 business days before the new start date. (B) For renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses beginning after the start date provided to EPA, an updated notification must be received by EPA at least 2 business days before the start date provided to EPA. (iii) The training manager must update EPA of any change in location of renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses at least 7 business days prior to the start date provided to EPA. (iv) The training manager must update EPA regarding any course cancellations, or any other change to the original notification. Updated notifications must be received by EPA at least 2 business days prior to the start date provided to EPA. (v) Each notification, including updates, must include the following: (A) Notification type (original, update, cancellation). (B) Training program name, EPA accreditation number, address, and telephone number. (C) Course discipline, type (initial/refresher), and the language in which instruction will be given. (D) Date(s) and time(s) of training. (E) Training location(s) telephone number, and address. (F) Principal instructor's name. (G) Training manager's name and signature. (vi) Notification must be accomplished electronically. Instructions can be obtained online at https://www.epa.gov/lead (vii) Renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses must not begin on a date, or at a location other than that specified in the original notification unless an updated notification identifying a new start date or location is submitted, in which case the course must begin on the new start date and/or location specified in the updated notification. (viii) No training program shall provide renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses without first notifying EPA of such activities in accordance with the requirements of this paragraph. (14) The training manager must provide notification following completion of renovator, dust sampling technician, or lead-based paint activities courses. (i) The training manager must provide EPA notification after the completion of any renovator, dust sampling, or lead-based paint activities course. This notification must be received by EPA no later than 10 business days following course completion. Notifications for any e-learning renovator refresher course that does not include hands-on training must be submitted via the Central Data Exchange no later than the 10th day of the month and include all students trained in the previous month. (ii) The notification must include the following: (A) Training program name, EPA accreditation number, address, and telephone number. (B) Course discipline and type (initial/refresher). (C) Date(s) of training. (D) The following information for each student who took the course: ( 1 ( 2 ( 3 ( 4 ( 5 ( 6 ( 7 (E) Training manager's name and signature. (iii) Notification must be accomplished electronically. Instructions can be obtained online at https://www.epa.gov/lead (d) Minimum training curriculum requirements. (1) Inspector. (i) Role and responsibilities of an inspector. (ii) Background information on lead and its adverse health effects. (iii) Background information on Federal, State, and local regulations and guidance that pertains to lead-based paint and lead- based paint activities. (iv) Lead-based paint inspection methods, including selection of rooms and components for sampling or testing. (v) Paint, dust, and soil sampling methodologies. (vi) Action levels and testing, including random sampling. (vii) Preparation of the final inspection report. (viii) Recordkeeping. (2) Risk assessor. (i) Role and responsibilities of a risk assessor. (ii) Collection of background information to perform a risk assessment. (iii) Sources of environmental lead contamination such as paint, surface dust and soil, water, air, packaging, and food. (iv) Visual inspection for the purposes of identifying potential sources of lead-based paint hazards. (v) Lead hazard screen protocol. (vi) Sampling for other sources of lead exposure. (vii) Interpretation of lead-based paint and other lead sampling results, including all applicable Federal or State guidance or regulations pertaining to lead-based paint hazards. (viii) Development of hazard control options, the role of interim controls, and operations and maintenance activities to reduce lead-based paint hazards. (ix) Preparation of a final risk assessment report. (3) Supervisor. (i) Role and responsibilities of a supervisor. (ii) Background information on lead and its adverse health effects. (iii) Background information on Federal, State, and local regulations and guidance that pertain to lead-based paint abatement. (iv) Liability and insurance issues relating to lead-based paint abatement. (v) Risk assessment and inspection report interpretation. (vi) Development and implementation of an occupant protection plan and abatement report. (vii) Lead-based paint hazard recognition and control. (viii) Lead-based paint abatement and lead-based paint hazard reduction methods, including restricted practices. (ix) Interior dust abatement/cleanup or lead-based paint hazard control and reduction methods. (x) Soil and exterior dust abatement or lead-based paint hazard control and reduction methods. (xi) Action levels and testing. (xii) Cleanup and waste disposal. (xiii) Recordkeeping. (4) Project designer. (ii) Development and implementation of an occupant protection plan for large-scale abatement projects. (iii) Lead-based paint abatement and lead-based paint hazard reduction methods, including restricted practices for large-scale abatement projects. (iv) Interior dust abatement/cleanup or lead hazard control and reduction methods for large-scale abatement projects. (v) Action levels and testing for large scale abatement projects. (vi) Integration of lead-based paint abatement methods with modernization and rehabilitation projects for large scale abatement projects. (5) Abatement worker. (i) Role and responsibilities of an abatement worker. (ii) Background information on lead and its adverse health effects. (iii) Background information on Federal, State and local regulations and guidance that pertain to lead-based paint abatement. (iv) Lead-based paint hazard recognition and control. (v) Lead-based paint abatement and lead-based paint hazard reduction methods, including restricted practices. (vi) Interior dust abatement methods/cleanup or lead-based paint hazard reduction. (vii) Soil and exterior dust abatement methods or lead-based paint hazard reduction. (6) Renovator. (i) Role and responsibility of a renovator. (ii) Background information on lead and its adverse health effects. (iii) Background information on EPA, HUD, OSHA, and other Federal, State, and local regulations and guidance that pertains to lead-based paint and renovation activities. (iv) Procedures for using acceptable test kits to determine whether paint is lead-based paint. (v) Procedures for collecting a paint chip sample and sending it to a laboratory recognized by EPA under section 405(b) of TSCA. (vi) Renovation methods to minimize the creation of dust and lead-based paint hazards. (vii) Interior and exterior containment and cleanup methods. (viii) Methods to ensure that the renovation has been properly completed, including cleaning verification and clearance testing. (ix) Waste handling and disposal. (x) Providing on-the-job training to other workers. (xi) Record preparation. (7) Dust sampling technician. (i) Role and responsibility of a dust sampling technician. (ii) Background information on lead and its adverse health effects. (iii) Background information on Federal, State, and local regulations and guidance that pertains to lead-based paint and renovation activities. (iv) Dust sampling methodologies. (v) Action levels and testing. (vi) Report preparation. (e) Requirements for the accreditation of refresher training programs. (1) Each refresher course shall review the curriculum topics of the full-length courses listed under paragraph (d) of this section, as appropriate. In addition, to become accredited to offer refresher training courses, training programs shall ensure that their courses of study include, at a minimum, the following: (i) An overview of current safety practices relating to lead-based paint in general, as well as specific information pertaining to the appropriate discipline. (ii) Current laws and regulations relating to lead-based paint in general, as well as specific information pertaining to the appropriate discipline. (iii) Current technologies relating to lead-based paint in general, as well as specific information pertaining to the appropriate discipline. (2) Refresher courses for inspector, risk assessor, supervisor, and abatement worker must last a minimum of 8 training hours. Refresher courses for project designer, renovator, and dust sampling technician must last a minimum of 4 training hours. Refresher courses for all disciplines except renovator and project designer must include a hands-on component. Renovators must take a refresher course that includes hands-on training at least every other recertification. (3) Except for renovator and project designer courses, for all other courses offered, the training program shall conduct a hands-on assessment. With the exception of project designer courses, the training program shall conduct a course test at the completion of the course. Renovators must take a refresher course that includes hands-on training at least every other recertification. (4) A training program may apply for accreditation of a refresher course concurrently with its application for accreditation of the corresponding training course as described in paragraph (b) of this section. If so, EPA shall use the approval procedure described in paragraph (b) of this section. In addition, the minimum requirements contained in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5), (c)(6)(viii) and (c)(7) through (14), and (e)(1) through (3) of this section shall also apply. (5) A training program seeking accreditation to offer refresher training courses only shall submit an electronic application to EPA containing the following information: (i) The refresher training program's name, address, and telephone number. (ii) A list of courses for which it is applying for accreditation. (iii) The name and documentation of the qualifications of the training program manager. (iv) The name(s) and documentation of the qualifications of the principal instructor(s). (v) A statement signed by the training program manager certifying that the refresher training program meets the minimum requirements established in paragraph (c) of this section, except for the requirements in paragraph (c)(6) of this section. If a training program uses EPA-developed model training materials, or training materials approved by a State or Indian Tribe that has been authorized by EPA under § 745.324 to develop its refresher training course materials, the training manager shall include a statement certifying that, as well. (vi) If the refresher training course materials are not based on EPA-developed model training materials, the training program's application for accreditation shall include: (A) A copy of the student and instructor manuals to be used for each course. (B) A copy of the course agenda for each course. (vii) All refresher training programs shall include in their application for accreditation the following: (A) A description of the facilities and equipment to be used for lecture and hands-on training. (B) A copy of the course test blueprint for each course. (C) A description of the activities and procedures that will be used for conducting the assessment of hands-on skills for each course (if applicable). (D) A copy of the quality control plan as described in paragraph (c)(9) of this section. (viii) The requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) through (5), (c)(6)(viii) and (c)(7) through (14) of this section apply to refresher training providers. (ix) If a refresher training program meets the requirements listed in this paragraph, then EPA shall approve the application for accreditation no more than 180 days after receiving a complete application from the refresher training program. In the case of approval, a certificate of accreditation shall be sent to the applicant. In the case of disapproval, a letter describing the reasons for disapproval shall be sent to the applicant. Prior to disapproval, EPA may, at its discretion, work with the applicant to address inadequacies in the application for accreditation. EPA may also request additional materials retained by the refresher training program under paragraph (i) of this section. If a refresher training program's application is disapproved, the program may reapply for accreditation at any time. (f) Re-accreditation of training programs. (2) A training program seeking re-accreditation shall submit an electronic application to EPA no later than 180 days before its accreditation expires. If a training program does not submit its application for re-accreditation by that date, EPA cannot guarantee that the program will be re-accredited before the end of the accreditation period. (3) The training program's application for re-accreditation shall contain: (i) The training program's name, address, and telephone number. (ii) A list of courses for which it is applying for re-accreditation. (iii) The name and qualifications of the training program manager. (iv) The name(s) and qualifications of the principal instructor(s). (v) A description of any changes to the training facility, equipment or course materials since its last application was approved that adversely affects the students' ability to learn. (vi) A statement signed by the program manager stating: (A) That the training program complies at all times with all requirements in paragraphs (c) and (e) of this section, as applicable; and (B) The recordkeeping and reporting requirements of paragraph (i) of this section shall be followed. (vii) A payment of appropriate fees in accordance with § 745.238. (4) Upon request, the training program shall allow EPA to audit the training program to verify the contents of the application for re-accreditation as described in paragraph (f)(3) of this section. (g) Suspension, revocation, and modification of accredited training programs. (i) Misrepresented the contents of a training course to EPA and/or the student population. (ii) Failed to submit required information or notifications in a timely manner. (iii) Failed to maintain required records. (iv) Falsified accreditation records, instructor qualifications, or other accreditation-related information or documentation. (v) Failed to comply with the training standards and requirements in this section. (vi) Failed to comply with Federal, State, or local lead-based paint statutes or regulations. (vii) Made false or misleading statements to EPA in its application for accreditation or re-accreditation which EPA relied upon in approving the application. (2) In addition to an administrative or judicial finding of violation, execution of a consent agreement in settlement of an enforcement action constitutes, for purposes of this section, evidence of a failure to comply with relevant statutes or regulations. (h) Procedures for suspension, revocation or modification of training program accreditation. (i) The legal and factual basis for the suspension, revocation, or modification. (ii) The anticipated commencement date and duration of the suspension, revocation, or modification. (iii) Actions, if any, which the affected entity may take to avoid suspension, revocation, or modification, or to receive accreditation in the future. (iv) The opportunity and method for requesting a hearing prior to final EPA action to suspend, revoke or modify accreditation. (v) Any additional information, as appropriate, which EPA may provide. (2) If a hearing is requested by the accredited training program, EPA shall: (i) Provide the affected entity an opportunity to offer written statements in response to EPA's assertions of the legal and factual basis for its proposed action, and any other explanations, comments, and arguments it deems relevant to the proposed action. (ii) Provide the affected entity such other procedural opportunities as EPA may deem appropriate to ensure a fair and impartial hearing. (iii) Appoint an official of EPA as Presiding Officer to conduct the hearing. No person shall serve as Presiding Officer if he or she has had any prior connection with the specific matter. (3) The Presiding Officer appointed pursuant to paragraph (h)(2) of this section shall: (i) Conduct a fair, orderly, and impartial hearing within 90 days of the request for a hearing. (ii) Consider all relevant evidence, explanation, comment, and argument submitted. (iii) Notify the affected entity in writing within 90 days of completion of the hearing of his or her decision and order. Such an order is a final agency action which may be subject to judicial review. (4) If EPA determines that the public health, interest, or welfare warrants immediate action to suspend the accreditation of any training program prior to the opportunity for a hearing, it shall: (i) Notify the affected entity of its intent to immediately suspend training program accreditation for the reasons listed in paragraph (g)(1) of this section. If a suspension, revocation, or modification notice has not previously been issued pursuant to paragraph (g)(1) of this section, it shall be issued at the same time the emergency suspension notice is issued. (ii) Notify the affected entity in writing of the grounds for the immediate suspension and why it is necessary to suspend the entity's accreditation before an opportunity for a suspension, revocation or modification hearing. (iii) Notify the affected entity of the anticipated commencement date and duration of the immediate suspension. (iv) Notify the affected entity of its right to request a hearing on the immediate suspension within 15 days of the suspension taking place and the procedures for the conduct of such a hearing. (5) Any notice, decision, or order issued by EPA under this section, any transcripts or other verbatim record of oral testimony, and any documents filed by an accredited training program in a hearing under this section shall be available to the public, except as otherwise provided by section 14 of TSCA or by 40 CFR part 2. Any such hearing at which oral testimony is presented shall be open to the public, except that the Presiding Officer may exclude the public to the extent necessary to allow presentation of information which may be entitled to confidential treatment under section 14 of TSCA or 40 CFR part 2. (6) The public shall be notified of the suspension, revocation, modification or reinstatement of a training program's accreditation through appropriate mechanisms. (7) EPA shall maintain a list of parties whose accreditation has been suspended, revoked, modified or reinstated. (i) Training program recordkeeping requirements. (i) All documents specified in paragraph (c)(4) of this section that demonstrate the qualifications listed in paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2) of this section of the training manager and principal instructors. (ii) Current curriculum/course materials and documents reflecting any changes made to these materials. (iii) The course test blueprint. (iv) Information regarding how the hands-on assessment is conducted including, but not limited to: (A) Who conducts the assessment. (B) How the skills are graded. (C) What facilities are used. (D) The pass/fail rate. (v) The quality control plan as described in paragraph (c)(9) of this section. (vi) Results of the students' hands-on skills assessments and course tests, and a record of each student's course completion certificate. (vii) Any other material not listed in paragraphs (i)(1)(i) through (i)(1)(vi) of this section that was submitted to EPA as part of the program's application for accreditation. (viii) For renovator refresher and dust sampling technician refresher courses, a copy of each trainee's prior course completion certificate showing that each trainee was eligible to take the refresher course. (ix) For course modules delivered in an electronic format, a record of each student's log-ins, launches, progress, and completion, and a copy of the electronic learning completion certificate for each student. (2) The training program must retain records pertaining to renovator, dust sampling technician and lead-based paint activities courses at the address specified on the training program accreditation application (or as modified in accordance with paragraph (i)(3) of this section) for the following minimum periods: (i) Records pertaining to lead-based paint activities courses must be retained for a minimum of 3 years and 6 months. (ii) [Reserved] (iii) Records pertaining to renovator or dust sampling technician courses offered on or after April 22, 2010 must be retained for a minimum of 5 years. (3) The training program shall notify EPA in writing within 30 days of changing the address specified on its training program accreditation application or transferring the records from that address. (j) Amendment of accreditation. (2) To amend an accreditation, a training program must electronically submit a completed “Accreditation Application for Training Providers,” signed by an authorized agent of the training provider, noting on the form that it is submitted as an amendment and indicating the information that has changed. (3) Training managers, principal instructors, permanent training locations. (i) If the amendment includes a new training program manager or new or additional principal instructor that was identified in a training provider accreditation application that EPA has already approved under this section, the training provider may begin to provide training under the new training manager or offer courses taught by the new principal instructor on an interim basis as soon as the provider submits the amendment to EPA. The training provider may continue to provide training under the new training manager or offer courses taught by the new principal instructor if EPA approves the amendment or if EPA does not disapprove the amendment within 30 days. (ii) If the amendment includes a new permanent training location, the training provider may begin to provide training at the new permanent training location on an interim basis as soon as the provider submits the amendment to EPA. The training provider may continue to provide training at the new permanent training location if EPA approves the amendment or if EPA does not disapprove the amendment within 30 days. [76 FR 47939, Aug. 5, 2011, as amended at 81 FR 7995, Feb. 17, 2016; 89 FR 89459, Nov. 12, 2024; 89 FR 101490, Dec. 16, 2024] § 745.226 Certification of individuals and firms engaged in lead-based paint activities: target housing and child-occupied facilities. (a) Certification of individuals. (i) Submit to EPA an electronic application demonstrating that they meet the requirements established in paragraphs (b) or (c) of this section for the particular discipline for which certification is sought; or (ii) Submit to EPA an electronic application attaching a copy of a valid lead-based paint activities certification (or equivalent) from a State or Tribal program that has been authorized by EPA pursuant to Subpart Q of this part. (2) [Reserved] (3) Following the submission of an electronic application demonstrating that all the requirements of this section have been meet, EPA shall certify an applicant as an inspector, risk assessor, supervisor, project designer, or abatement worker, as appropriate. (4) Upon receiving EPA certification, individuals conducting lead-based paint activities shall comply with the work practice standards for performing the appropriate lead-based paint activities as established in § 745.227. (5) It shall be a violation of TSCA for an individual to conduct any of the lead-based paint activities described in § 745.227 after March 1, 2000, if that individual has not been certified by EPA pursuant to this section to do so. (6) Individuals applying for certification must submit the appropriate fees in accordance with § 745.238. (b) Inspector, risk assessor or supervisor. (i) Successfully complete an accredited course in the appropriate discipline and receive a course completion certificate from an accredited training program. (ii) Pass the certification exam in the appropriate discipline offered by EPA; and, (iii) Meet or exceed the following experience and/or education requirements: (A) Inspectors. ( 1 ( 2 (B) Risk assessors. ( 1 ( 2 ( 3 ( 4 (C) Supervisor: ( 1 ( 2 (2) The following documents shall be recognized by EPA as evidence of meeting the requirements listed in (b)(2)(iii) of this paragraph: (i) Official academic transcripts or diploma, as evidence of meeting the education requirements. (ii) Resumes, letters of reference, or documentation of work experience, as evidence of meeting the work experience requirements. (iii) Course completion certificates from lead-specific or other related training courses, issued by accredited training programs, as evidence of meeting the training requirements. (3) In order to take the certification examination for a particular discipline an individual must: (i) Successfully complete an accredited course in the appropriate discipline and receive a course completion certificate from an accredited training program. (ii) Meet or exceed the education and/or experience requirements in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. (4) The course completion certificate shall serve as interim certification for an individual until the next available opportunity to take the certification exam. Such interim certification shall expire 6 months after issuance. (5) After passing the appropriate certification exam and submitting an application demonstrating that he/she meets the appropriate training, education, and/or experience prerequisites described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, an individual shall be issued a certificate by EPA. To maintain certification, an individual must be re-certified as described in paragraph (e) of this section. (6) An individual may take the certification exam no more than three times within 6 months of receiving a course completion certificate. (7) If an individual does not pass the certification exam and receive a certificate within 6 months of receiving his/her course completion certificate, the individual must retake the appropriate course from an accredited training program before reapplying for certification from EPA. (c) Abatement worker and project designer. (i) Successfully complete an accredited course in the appropriate discipline and receive a course completion certificate from an accredited training program. (ii) Meet or exceed the following additional experience and/or education requirements: (A) Abatement workers. ( 1 ( 2 (B) Project designers. ( 1 ( 2 ( 3 (2) The following documents shall be recognized by EPA as evidence of meeting the requirements listed in this paragraph: (i) Official academic transcripts or diploma, as evidence of meeting the education requirements. (ii) Resumes, letters of reference, or documentation of work experience, as evidence of meeting the work experience requirements. (iii) Course completion certificates from lead-specific or other related training courses, issued by accredited training programs, as evidence of meeting the training requirements. (3) The course completion certificate shall serve as an interim certification until certification from EPA is received, but shall be valid for no more than 6 months from the date of completion. (4) After successfully completing the appropriate training courses and meeting any other qualifications described in paragraph (c)(1) of this section, an individual shall be issued a certificate from EPA. To maintain certification, an individual must be re-certified as described in paragraph (e) of this section. (d) Certification based on prior training. (i) Applicants for certification as an inspector, risk assessor, or supervisor shall: (A) Demonstrate that the applicant has successfully completed training or on-the-job training in the conduct of a lead-based paint activity. (B) Demonstrate that the applicant meets or exceeds the education and/or experience requirements in paragraph (b)(1)(iii) of this section. (C) Successfully complete an accredited refresher training course for the appropriate discipline. (D) Pass a certification exam administered by EPA for the appropriate discipline. (ii) Applicants for certification as an abatement worker or project designer shall: (A) Demonstrate that the applicant has successfully completed training or on-the-job training in the conduct of a lead-based paint activity. (B) Demonstrate that the applicant meets the education and/or experience requirements in paragraphs (c)(1) of this section; and (C) Successfully complete an accredited refresher training course for the appropriate discipline. (2) Individuals shall have until March 1, 2000, to apply to EPA for certification under the above procedures. After that date, all individuals wishing to obtain certification must do so through the procedures described in paragraph (a), and paragraph (b) or (c) of this section, according to the discipline for which certification is being sought. (e) Re-certification. (i) Every 3 years if the individual completed a training course with a course test and hands-on assessment; or (ii) Every 5 years if the individual completed a training course with a proficiency test. (2) An individual shall be re-certified if the individual successfully completes the appropriate accredited refresher training course and electronically submits a valid copy of the appropriate refresher course completion certificate. (3) Individuals applying for re-certification must submit the appropriate fees in accordance with § 745.238. (f) Certification of firms. (2) A firm seeking certification shall electronically submit to EPA an application attesting that the firm shall only employ appropriately certified employees to conduct lead-based paint activities, and that the firm and its employees shall follow the work practice standards in § 745.227 for conducting lead-based paint activities. (3) From the date of receiving the firm's electronic application requesting certification, EPA shall have 90 days to approve or disapprove the firm's request for certification. Within that time, EPA shall respond with either a certificate of approval or a letter describing the reasons for a disapproval. (4) The firm shall maintain all records pursuant to the requirements in § 745.227. (5) [Reserved] (6) Firms applying for certification must submit the appropriate fees in accordance with § 745.238. (7) To maintain certification a firm shall submit appropriate fees in accordance with § 745.238 every 3 years. (g) Suspension, revocation, and modification of certifications of individuals engaged in lead-based paint activities. (i) Obtained training documentation through fraudulent means. (ii) Gained admission to and completed an accredited training program through misrepresentation of admission requirements. (iii) Obtained certification through misrepresentation of certification requirements or related documents dealing with education, training, professional registration, or experience. (iv) Performed work requiring certification at a job site without having proof of certification. (v) Permitted the duplication or use of the individual's own certificate by another. (vi) Performed work for which certification is required, but for which appropriate certification has not been received. (vii) Failed to comply with the appropriate work practice standards for lead-based paint activities at § 745.227. (viii) Failed to comply with Federal, State, or local lead-based paint statutes or regulations. (2) In addition to an administrative or judicial finding of violation, for purposes of this section only, execution of a consent agreement in settlement of an enforcement action constitutes evidence of a failure to comply with relevant statutes or regulations. (h) Suspension, revocation, and modification of certifications of firms engaged in lead-based paint activities. (i) Performed work requiring certification at a job site with individuals who are not certified. (ii) Failed to comply with the work practice standards established in § 745.227. (iii) Misrepresented facts in its application for certification to EPA. (iv) Failed to maintain required records. (v) Failed to comply with Federal, State, or local lead-based paint statutes or regulations. (2) In addition to an administrative or judicial finding of violation, for purposes of this section only, execution of a consent agreement in settlement of an enforcement action constitutes evidence of a failure to comply with relevant statutes or regulations. (i) Procedures for suspension, revocation, or modification of the certification of individuals or firms. (i) The legal and factual basis for the suspension, revocation, or modification. (ii) The commencement date and duration of the suspension, revocation, or modification. (iii) Actions, if any, which the affected entity may take to avoid suspension, revocation, or modification or to receive certification in the future. (iv) The opportunity and method for requesting a hearing prior to final EPA action to suspend, revoke, or modify certification. (v) Any additional information, as appropriate, which EPA may provide. (2) If a hearing is requested by the certified individual or firm, EPA shall: (i) Provide the affected entity an opportunity to offer written statements in response to EPA's assertion of the legal and factual basis and any other explanations, comments, and arguments it deems relevant to the proposed action. (ii) Provide the affected entity such other procedural opportunities as EPA may deem appropriate to ensure a fair and impartial hearing. (iii) Appoint an official of EPA as Presiding Officer to conduct the hearing. No person shall serve as Presiding Officer if he or she has had any prior connection with the specific matter. (3) The Presiding Officer shall: (i) Conduct a fair, orderly, and impartial hearing within 90 days of the request for a hearing; (ii) Consider all relevant evidence, explanation, comment, and argument submitted; and (iii) Notify the affected entity in writing within 90 days of completion of the hearing of his or her decision and order. Such an order is a final EPA action subject to judicial review. (4) If EPA determines that the public health, interest, or welfare warrants immediate action to suspend the certification of any individual or firm prior to the opportunity for a hearing, it shall: (i) Notify the affected entity of its intent to immediately suspend certification for the reasons listed in paragraph (h)(1) of this section. If a suspension, revocation, or modification notice has not previously been issued, it shall be issued at the same time the immediate suspension notice is issued. (ii) Notify the affected entity in writing of the grounds upon which the immediate suspension is based and why it is necessary to suspend the entity's accreditation before an opportunity for a hearing to suspend, revoke, or modify the individual's or firm's certification. (iii) Notify the affected entity of the commencement date and duration of the immediate suspension. (iv) Notify the affected entity of its right to request a hearing on the immediate suspension within 15 days of the suspension taking place and the procedures for the conduct of such a hearing. (5) Any notice, decision, or order issued by EPA under this section, transcript or other verbatim record of oral testimony, and any documents filed by a certified individual or firm in a hearing under this section shall be available to the public, except as otherwise provided by section 14 of TSCA or by part 2 of this title. Any such hearing at which oral testimony is presented shall be open to the public, except that the Presiding Officer may exclude the public to the extent necessary to allow presentation of information which may be entitled to confidential treatment under section 14 of TSCA or part 2 of this title. [61 FR 45813, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 31098, June 9, 1999; 64 FR 42851, Aug. 6, 1999; 89 FR 89459, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.227 Work practice standards for conducting lead-based paint activities: target housing and child-occupied facilities. (a) Effective date, applicability, and terms. (2) When performing any lead-based paint activity described by the certified individual as an inspection, lead-hazard screen, risk assessment or abatement, a certified individual must perform that activity in compliance with the appropriate requirements below. (3) Documented methodologies that are appropriate for this section are found in the following: The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Guidelines for the Evaluation and Control of Lead-Based Paint Hazards in Housing; the EPA Guidance on Residential Lead-Based Paint, Lead-Contaminated Dust, and Lead-Contaminated Soil; the EPA Residential Sampling for Lead: Protocols for Dust and Soil Sampling (EPA report number 7474-R-95-001); Regulations, guidance, methods or protocols issued by States and Indian Tribes that have been authorized by EPA; and other equivalent methods and quidelines. (b) Inspection. (2) When conducting an inspection, the following locations shall be selected according to documented methodologies and tested for the presence of lead-based paint: (i) In a residential dwelling and child-occupied facility, each component with a distinct painting history and each exterior component with a distinct painting history shall be tested for lead-based paint, except those components that the inspector or risk assessor determines to have been replaced after 1978, or to not contain lead-based paint; and (ii) In a multi-family dwelling or child-occupied facility, each component with a distinct painting history in every common area, except those components that the inspector or risk assessor determines to have been replaced after 1978, or to not contain lead-based paint. (3) Paint shall be sampled in the following manner: (i) The analysis of paint to determine the presence of lead shall be conducted using documented methodologies which incorporate adequate quality control procedures; and/or (ii) All collected paint chip samples shall be analyzed according to paragraph (f) of this section to determine if they contain detectable levels of lead that can be quantified numerically. (4) The certified inspector or risk assessor shall prepare an inspection report which shall include the following information: (i) Date of each inspection. (ii) Address of building. (iii) Date of construction. (iv) Apartment numbers (if applicable). (v) Name, address, and telephone number of the owner or owners of each residential dwelling or child-occupied facility. (vi) Name, signature, and certification number of each certified inspector and/or risk assessor conducting testing. (vii) Name, address, and telephone number of the certified firm employing each inspector and/or risk assessor, if applicable. (viii) Each testing method and device and/or sampling procedure employed for paint analysis, including quality control data and, if used, the serial number of any x-ray fluorescence (XRF) device. (ix) Specific locations of each painted component tested for the presence of lead-based paint. (x) The results of the inspection expressed in terms appropriate to the sampling method used. (c) Lead hazard screen. (2) If conducted, a lead hazard screen shall be conducted as follows: (i) Background information regarding the physical characteristics of the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility and occupant use patterns that may cause lead-based paint exposure to one or more children under age 6 shall be collected. (ii) A visual inspection of the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility shall be conducted to: (A) Determine if any deteriorated paint is present, and (B) Locate at least two dust sampling locations. (iii) If deteriorated paint is present, each surface with deteriorated paint, which is determined, using documented methodologies, to be in poor condition and to have a distinct painting history, shall be tested for the presence of lead. (iv) In residential dwellings, two composite dust samples shall be collected, one from the floors and the other from the windows, in rooms, hallways or stairwells where one or more children, under age 6, are most likely to come in contact with dust. (v) In multi-family dwellings and child-occupied facilities, in addition to the floor and window samples required in paragraph (c)(2)(iv) of this section, the risk assessor shall also collect composite dust samples from common areas where one or more children, under age 6, are most likely to come into contact with dust. (3) Dust samples shall be collected and analyzed in the following manner: (i) All dust samples shall be taken using documented methodologies that incorporate adequate quality control procedures. (ii) All collected dust samples shall be analyzed according to paragraph (f) of this section to determine if they contain detectable levels of lead that can be quantified numerically. (4) Paint shall be sampled in the following manner: (i) The analysis of paint to determine the presence of lead shall be conducted using documented methodologies which incorporate adequate quality control procedures; and/or (ii) All collected paint chip samples shall be analyzed according to paragraph (f) of this section to determine if they contain detectable levels of lead that can be quantified numerically. (5) The risk assessor shall prepare a lead hazard screen report, which shall include the following information: (i) The information required in a risk assessment report as specified in paragraph (d) of this section, including paragraphs (d)(11)(i) through (d)(11)(xiv), and excluding paragraphs (d)(11)(xv) through (d)(11)(xviii) of this section. Additionally, any background information collected pursuant to paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section shall be included in the risk assessment report; and (ii) Recommendations, if warranted, for a follow-up risk assessment, and as appropriate, any further actions. (d) Risk assessment. (2) A visual inspection for risk assessment of the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility shall be undertaken to locate the existence of deteriorated paint, assess the extent and causes of the deterioration, and other potential lead-based paint hazards. (3) Background information regarding the physical characteristics of the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility and occupant use patterns that may cause lead-based paint exposure to one or more children under age 6 shall be collected. (4) The following surfaces which are determined, using documented methodologies, to have a distinct painting history, shall be tested for the presence of lead: (i) Each friction surface or impact surface with visibly deteriorated paint; and (ii) All other surfaces with visibly deteriorated paint. (5) In residential dwellings, dust samples (either composite or single-surface samples) from the interior window sill(s) and floor shall be collected and analyzed for lead concentration in all living areas where one or more children, under age 6, are most likely to come into contact with dust. (6) For multi-family dwellings and child-occupied facilities, the samples required in paragraph (d)(4) of this section shall be taken. In addition, interior window sill and floor dust samples (either composite or single-surface samples) shall be collected and analyzed for lead concentration in the following locations: (i) Common areas adjacent to the sampled residential dwelling or child-occupied facility; and (ii) Other common areas in the building where the risk assessor determines that one or more children, under age 6, are likely to come into contact with dust. (7) For child-occupied facilities, interior window sill and floor dust samples (either composite or single-surface samples) shall be collected and analyzed for lead concentration in each room, hallway or stairwell utilized by one or more children, under age 6, and in other common areas in the child-occupied facility where one or more children, under age 6, are likely to come into contact with dust. (8) Soil samples shall be collected and analyzed for lead concentrations in the following locations: (i) Exterior play areas where bare soil is present; and (ii) The rest of the yard (i.e., non-play areas) where bare soil is present. (iii) Dripline/foundation areas where bare soil is present. (9) Any paint, dust, or soil sampling or testing shall be conducted using documented methodologies that incorporate adequate quality control procedures. (10) Any collected paint chip, dust, or soil samples shall be analyzed according to paragraph (f) of this section to determine if they contain detectable levels of lead that can be quantified numerically. (11) The certified risk assessor shall prepare a risk assessment report which shall include the following information: (i) Date of assessment. (ii) Address of each building. (iii) Date of construction of buildings. (iv) Apartment number (if applicable). (v) Name, address, and telephone number of each owner of each building. (vi) Name, signature, and certification of the certified risk assessor conducting the assessment. (vii) Name, address, and telephone number of the certified firm employing each certified risk assessor if applicable. (viii) Name, address, and telephone number of each recognized laboratory conducting analysis of collected samples. (ix) Results of the visual inspection. (x) Testing method and sampling procedure for paint analysis employed. (xi) Specific locations of each painted component tested for the presence of lead. (xii) All data collected from on-site testing, including quality control data and, if used, the serial number of any XRF device. (xiii) All results of laboratory analysis on collected paint, soil, and dust samples. (xiv) Any other sampling results. (xv) Any background information collected pursuant to paragraph (d)(3) of this section. (xvi) To the extent that they are used as part of the lead-based paint hazard determination, the results of any previous inspections or analyses for the presence of lead-based paint, or other assessments of lead-based paint-related hazards. (xvii) A description of the location, type, and severity of identified lead-based paint hazards and any other potential lead hazards. (xviii) A description of interim controls and/or abatement options for each identified lead-based paint hazard and a suggested prioritization for addressing each hazard. If the use of an encapsulant or enclosure is recommended, the report shall recommend a maintenance and monitoring schedule for the encapsulant or enclosure. (e) Abatement. (2) A certified supervisor is required for each abatement project and shall be onsite during all work site preparation and during the post-abatement cleanup of work areas. At all other times when abatement activities are being conducted, the certified supervisor shall be onsite or available by telephone, pager or answering service, and able to be present at the work site in no more than 2 hours. (3) The certified supervisor and the certified firm employing that supervisor shall ensure that all abatement activities are conducted according to the requirements of this section and all other Federal, State and local requirements. (4) A certified firm must notify EPA of lead-based paint abatement activities as follows: (i) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section, EPA must be notified prior to conducting lead-based paint abatement activities. The original notification must be received by EPA at least 5 business days before the start date of any lead-based paint abatement activities. (ii) Notification for lead-based paint abatement activities required in response to an elevated blood lead level (EBL) determination, or Federal, State, Tribal, or local emergency abatement order should be received by EPA as early as possible before, but must be received no later than, the start date of the lead-based paint abatement activities. Should the start date and/or location provided to EPA change, an updated notification must be received by EPA on or before the start date provided to EPA. Documentation showing evidence of an EBL determination or a copy of the Federal/State/Tribal/local emergency abatement order must be included in the notification to take advantage of this abbreviated notification period. (iii) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section, updated notification must be provided to EPA for lead-based paint abatement activities that will begin on a date other than the start date specified in the original notification, as follows: (A) For lead-based paint abatement activities beginning prior to the start date provided to EPA an updated notification must be received by EPA at least 5 business days before the new start date included in the notification. (B) For lead-based paint abatement activities beginning after the start date provided to EPA an updated notification must be received by EPA on or before the start date provided to EPA. (iv) Except as provided in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section, updated notification must be provided to EPA for any change in location of lead-based paint abatement activities at least 5 business days prior to the start date provided to EPA. (v) Updated notification must be provided to EPA when lead-based paint abatement activities are canceled, or when there are other significant changes including, but not limited to, when the square footage or acreage to be abated changes by more than 20%. This updated notification must be received by EPA on or before the start date provided to EPA, or if work has already begun, within 24 hours of the change. (vi) The following must be included in each notification: (A) Notification type (original, updated, cancellation). (B) Date when lead-based paint abatement activities will start. (C) Date when lead-based paint abatement activities will end (approximation using best professional judgement). (D) Firm's name, EPA certification number, address, telephone number. (E) Type of building (e.g., single family dwelling, multi-family dwelling, child-occupied facilities) on/in which abatement work will be performed. (F) Property name (if applicable). (G) Property address including apartment or unit number(s) (if applicable) for abatement work. (H) Documentation showing evidence of an EBL determination or a copy of the Federal/State/Tribal/local emergency abatement order, if using the abbreviated time period as described in paragraph (e)(4)(ii) of this section. (I) Name and EPA certification number of the project supervisor. (J) Approximate square footage/acreage to be abated. (K) Brief description of abatement activities to be performed. (L) Name, title, and signature of the representative of the certified firm who prepared the notification. (vii) Notification must be accomplished electronically. Instructions can be obtained online at https://www.epa.gov/lead, (viii) Lead-based paint abatement activities shall not begin on a date, or at a location other than that specified in either an original or updated notification, in the event of changes to the original notification. (ix) No firm or individual shall engage in lead-based paint abatement activities, as defined in § 745.223, prior to notifying EPA of such activities according to the requirements of this paragraph. (5) A written occupant protection plan shall be developed for all abatement projects and shall be prepared according to the following procedures: (i) The occupant protection plan shall be unique to each residential dwelling or child-occupied facility and be developed prior to the abatement. The occupant protection plan shall describe the measures and management procedures that will be taken during the abatement to protect the building occupants from exposure to any lead-based paint hazards. (ii) A certified supervisor or project designer shall prepare the occupant protection plan. (6) The work practices listed below shall be restricted during an abatement as follows: (i) Open-flame burning or torching of lead-based paint is prohibited; (ii) Machine sanding or grinding or abrasive blasting or sandblasting of lead-based paint is prohibited unless used with High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) exhaust control which removes particles of 0.3 microns or larger from the air at 99.97 percent or greater efficiency; (iii) Dry scraping of lead-based paint is permitted only in conjunction with heat guns or around electrical outlets or when treating defective paint spots totaling no more than 2 square feet in any one room, hallway or stairwell or totaling no more than 20 square feet on exterior surfaces; and (iv) Operating a heat gun on lead-based paint is permitted only at temperatures below 1100 degrees Fahrenheit. (7) If conducted, soil abatement shall be conducted in one of the following ways: (i) If the soil is removed: (A) The soil shall be replaced by soil with a lead concentration as close to local background as practicable, but no greater than 400 ppm. (B) The soil that is removed shall not be used as top soil at another residential property or child-occupied facility. (ii) If soil is not removed, the soil shall be permanently covered, as defined in § 745.223. (8) The following post-abatement procedures shall be performed only by a certified inspector or risk assessor: (i) Following an abatement, a visual inspection shall be performed to determine if deteriorated painted surfaces and/or visible amounts of dust, debris or residue are still present. If deteriorated painted surfaces or visible amounts of dust, debris or residue are present, these conditions must be eliminated prior to the continuation of the post-abatement testing procedures. (ii) Following the visual inspection and any post-abatement cleanup required by paragraph (e)(8)(i) of this section, post-abatement sampling for lead in dust shall be conducted. Post-abatement sampling may be conducted by employing single-surface sampling or composite sampling techniques. (iii) Dust samples for post-abatement testing purposes shall be taken using documented methodologies that incorporate adequate quality control procedures. (iv) Dust samples for post-abatement testing purposes shall be taken a minimum of 1 hour after completion of final post-abatement cleanup activities. (v) The following post-abatement testing activities shall be conducted as appropriate based upon the extent or manner of abatement activities conducted in or to the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility: (A) After conducting an abatement with containment between abated and unabated areas, one dust sample shall be taken from one interior window sill and from one window trough (if present) and one dust sample shall be taken from the floors of each of no less than four rooms, hallways or stairwells within the containment area. In addition, one dust sample shall be taken from the floor outside the containment area. If there are less than four rooms, hallways or stairwells within the containment area, then all rooms, hallways or stairwells shall be sampled. (B) After conducting an abatement with no containment, two dust samples shall be taken from each of no less than four rooms, hallways or stairwells in the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility. One dust sample shall be taken from one interior window sill and window trough (if present) and one dust sample shall be taken from the floor of each room, hallway or stairwell selected. If there are less than four rooms, hallways or stairwells within the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility then all rooms, hallways or stairwells shall be sampled. (C) Following an exterior paint abatement, a visible inspection shall be conducted. All horizontal surfaces in the outdoor living area closest to the abated surface shall be found to be cleaned of visible dust and debris. In addition, a visual inspection shall be conducted to determine the presence of paint chips on the dripline or next to the foundation below any exterior surface abated. If paint chips are present, they must be removed from the site and properly disposed of, according to all applicable Federal, State and local requirements. (vi) The rooms, hallways or stairwells selected for sampling shall be selected according to documented methodologies. (vii) The certified inspector or risk assessor shall compare the residual lead level (as determined by the laboratory analysis) from each single surface dust sample with action levels in paragraph (e)(8)(viii) of this section for lead in dust on floors, interior window sills, and window troughs or from each composite dust sample with the applicable action levels for lead in dust on floors, interior window sills, and window troughs divided by half the number of subsamples in the composite sample. If the residual lead level in a single surface dust sample equals or exceeds the applicable action level or if the residual lead level in a composite dust sample equals or exceeds the applicable action level divided by half the number of subsamples in the composite sample, the components represented by the failed sample shall be recleaned and retested. (viii) Before January 12, 2026, the action levels for lead in dust are 10 µg/ft 2 2 2 2 2 2 (9) In a multi-family dwelling with similarly constructed and maintained residential dwellings, random sampling for the purposes of post-abatement testing may be conducted provided: (i) The certified individuals who abate or clean the residential dwellings do not know which residential dwelling will be selected for the random sample. (ii) A sufficient number of residential dwellings are selected for dust sampling to provide a 95 percent level of confidence that no more than 5 percent or 50 of the residential dwellings (whichever is smaller) in the randomly sampled population exceed the appropriate action levels. (iii) The randomly selected residential dwellings shall be sampled and evaluated according to the post-abatement testing procedures found in paragraph (e)(8) of this section. (10) An abatement report shall be prepared by a certified supervisor or project designer. The abatement report shall include the following information: (i) Start and completion dates of abatement. (ii) The name and address of each certified firm conducting the abatement and the name of each supervisor assigned to the abatement project. (iii) The occupant protection plan prepared pursuant to paragraph (e)(5) of this section. (iv) The name, address, and signature of each certified risk assessor or inspector conducting post-abatement sampling and the date of sampling. (v) The results of post-abatement dust-lead testing and all soil analyses (if applicable) and the name of each recognized laboratory that conducted the analyses. (vi) A detailed written description of the abatement, including abatement methods used, locations of rooms and/or components where abatement occurred, reason for selecting particular abatement methods for each component, and any suggested monitoring of encapsulants or enclosures. (vii) On or after January 12, 2026, when post-abatement dust-lead testing results are below the dust-lead action levels and at or above the dust-lead reportable levels, a dust-lead hazard statement with the following language must be included: Although the completed abatement project achieved dust-lead below action levels, some dust-lead hazards remain because any reportable level of dust-lead is considered a dust-lead hazard by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility. In order for abatement work to be considered complete under EPA regulations, dust-lead levels must be below the action levels, which are established based on reliability, effectiveness and safety. To continue to reduce lead exposure from dust, the EPA pamphlet entitled Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home. (f) Collection and laboratory analysis of samples. (1) Collected by persons certified by EPA as an inspector or risk assessor; and (2) Analyzed by a laboratory recognized by EPA pursuant to section 405(b) of TSCA as being capable of performing analyses for lead compounds in paint chip, dust, and soil samples. (g) Composite dust sampling. (1) Composite dust samples shall consist of at least two subsamples; (2) Every component that is being tested shall be included in the sampling; and (3) Composite dust samples shall not consist of subsamples from more than one type of component. (h) Determinations. (i) On any surface that is tested and found to contain lead equal to or in excess of 1.0 milligrams per square centimeter or equal to or in excess of 0.5% by weight; and (ii) On any surface like a surface tested in the same room equivalent that has a similar painting history and that is found to be lead-based paint. (2) A paint-lead hazard is present: (i) On any friction surface that is subject to abrasion and where the lead dust levels on the nearest horizontal surface underneath the friction surface ( e.g., (ii) On any chewable lead-based paint surface on which there is evidence of teeth marks; (iii) Where there is any damaged or otherwise deteriorated lead-based paint on an impact surface that is cause by impact from a related building component (such as a door knob that knocks into a wall or a door that knocks against its door frame; and (iv) If there is any other deteriorated lead-based paint in any residential building or child-occupied facility or on the exterior of any residential building or child-occupied facility. (3) Dust-lead hazards and dust-lead action levels are identified for residential dwellings and child-occupied facilities as follows: (i) Before January 12, 2026, a dust lead-hazard is present in a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility on floors and interior window sills when the weighted arithmetic mean lead loading for all single surface or composite samples of floors and interior window sills are equal to or greater than 10 µg/ft 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 (ii) A dust lead-hazard is present on floors or interior window sills in an unsampled residential dwelling in a multi-family dwelling, if a dust-lead hazard is present on floors or interior window sills, respectively, in at least one sampled residential unit on the property (and, for projects where post-abatement dust-lead testing is required or otherwise performed, levels of lead in dust must be below the applicable value from paragraph (i) of this paragraph for purposes of the action levels); and (iii) A dust lead-hazard is present on floors or interior window sills in an unsampled common area in a multi-family dwelling, if a dust-lead hazard is present on floors or interior window sills, respectively, in at least one sampled common area in the same common area group on the property (and, for projects where post-abatement dust-lead testing is required or otherwise performed, levels of lead in dust must be below the applicable value from paragraph (i) of this paragraph for purposes of the action levels). (4) A soil-lead hazard is present: (i) In a play area when the soil-lead concentration from a composite play area sample of bare soil is equal to or greater than 400 parts per million; or (ii) In the rest of the yard when the arithmetic mean lead concentration from a composite sample (or arithmetic mean of composite samples) of bare soil from the rest of the yard (i.e., non-play areas) for each residential building on a property is equal to or greater than 1,200 parts per million. (i) Recordkeeping. [61 FR 45813, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 42852, Aug. 6, 1999; 66 FR 1239, Jan. 5, 2001; 69 FR 18496, Apr. 8, 2004; 84 FR 32648, July 9, 2019; 86 FR 994, Jan. 7, 2021; 89 FR 89459, Nov. 12, 2024; 89 FR 101490, Dec. 16, 2024; 90 FR 30213, July 9, 2025] § 745.228 Accreditation of training programs: public and commercial buildings, bridges and superstructures. [Reserved] § 745.229 Certification of individuals and firms engaged in lead-based paint activities: public and commercial buildings, bridges and superstructures. [Reserved] § 745.230 Work practice standards for conducting lead-based paint activities: public and commercial buildings, bridges and superstructures. [Reserved] § 745.233 Lead-based paint activities requirements. Lead-based paint activities, as defined in this part, shall only be conducted according to the procedures and work practice standards contained in § 745.227 of this subpart. No individual or firm may offer to perform or perform any lead-based paint activity as defined in this part, unless certified to perform that activity according to the procedures in § 745.226. § 745.235 Enforcement. (a) Failure or refusal to comply with any requirement of § 745.225, § 745.226, § 745.227, or § 745.233 is a prohibited act under sections 15 and 409 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2614, 2689). (b) Failure or refusal to establish, maintain, provide, copy, or permit access to records or reports as required by § 745.225, § 745.226, or § 745.227 is a prohibited act under sections 15 and 409 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2614, 2689). (c) Failure or refusal to permit entry or inspection as required by § 745.237 and section 11 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2610) is a prohibited act under sections 15 and 409 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2614, 2689). (d) In addition to the above, any individual or firm that performs any of the following acts shall be deemed to have committed a prohibited act under sections 15 and 409 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2614, 2689). These include the following: (i) Obtaining certification through fraudulent representation; (ii) Failing to obtain certification from EPA and performing work requiring certification at a job site; or (iii) Fraudulently obtaining certification and engaging in any lead-based paint activities requiring certification. (e) Violators are subject to civil and criminal sanctions pursuant to section 16 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2615) for each violation. § 745.237 Inspections. EPA may conduct reasonable inspections pursuant to the provisions of section 11 of TSCA (15 U.S.C. 2610) to ensure compliance with this subpart. § 745.238 Fees for accreditation and certification of lead-based paint activities. (a) Purpose. (b) Persons who must pay fees. (1) Training programs. (ii) Exemptions. (2) Firms and individuals. (c) Fee amounts Certification and accreditation fees. Training Program Accreditation Re-accreditation (every 4 years, see 40 CFR 745.225(f)(1) for details) Initial Course Refresher Course Lead-based Paint Activities—Individual Certification Re-certification (every 3 years, see 40 CFR 745.226(e)(1) for details) Inspector $410 $410 Lead-based Paint Activities—Firm Certification Re-certification (every 3 years, see 40 CFR 745.226(f)(7) for details) Firm $550 $550 Combined Renovation and Lead-based Paint Activities Firm Application $550 $550 Combined Renovation and Lead-based Paint Activities Tribal Firm Application $20 $20 Tribal Firm $20 $20 (2) Certification examination fee. (3) Lost identification card or certificate. (4) Accreditation amendment fees. (d) Application/payment procedure Certification and re-certification Individuals. (ii) Firms. (2) Accreditation and re-accreditation. (e) Identification card replacement and certificate replacement. (i) Individuals. (ii) Firms. (iii) Training programs. (2) Submit application and payment electronically in the amount specified in paragraph (c)(3) of this section in accordance with the instructions. (f) Adjustment of fees. (2) The fees will be evaluated based on the cost to administer and enforce the program, and the number of applicants. New fee schedules will be published in the Federal Register. (g) Failure to remit a fee. (2) EPA will not replace identification cards or certificates for any individual, firm, or training program which does not remit fees described in paragraph (c) of this section in accordance with the procedures specified in paragraph (e) of this section. [64 FR 31098, June 9, 1999, as amended at 74 FR 11870, Mar. 20, 2009; 76 FR 47945, Aug. 5, 2011; 81 FR 7996, Feb. 17, 2016; 89 FR 89461, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.239 Effective dates. This subpart L shall apply in any State or Indian Country that does not have an authorized program under subpart Q, effective August 31, 1998. In such States or Indian Country: (a) Training programs shall not provide, offer or claim to provide training or refresher training for certification without accreditation from EPA pursuant to § 745.225 on or after March 1, 1999. (b) No individual or firm shall perform, offer, or claim to perform lead-based paint activities, as defined in this subpart, without certification from EPA to conduct such activities pursuant to § 745.226 on or after March 1, 2000. (c) All lead-based paint activities shall be performed pursuant to the work practice standards contained in § 745.227 on or after March 1, 2000. [61 FR 45813, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 64 FR 42852, Aug. 6, 1999] Subparts M-P [Reserved] Subpart Q—State and Indian Tribal Programs Source: 61 FR 45825, Aug. 29, 1996, unless otherwise noted. § 745.320 Scope and purpose. (a) This subpart establishes the requirements that State or Tribal programs must meet for authorization by the Administrator to administer and enforce the standards, regulations, or other requirements established under TSCA section 402 and/or section 406 and establishes the procedures EPA will follow in approving, revising, and withdrawing approval of State or Tribal programs. (b) For State or Tribal lead-based paint training and certification programs, a State or Indian Tribe may seek authorization to administer and enforce §§ 745.225, 745.226, and 745.227. The provisions of §§ 745.220, 745.223, 745.233, 745.235, 745.237, and 745.239 shall be applicable for the purposes of such program authorization. (c) A State or Indian Tribe may seek authorization to administer and enforce all of the provisions of subpart E of this part, just the pre-renovation education provisions of subpart E of this part, or just the training, certification, accreditation, and work practice provisions of subpart E of this part. The provisions of §§ 745.324 and 745.326 apply for the purposes of such program authorizations. (d) A State or Indian Tribe applying for program authorization may seek either interim approval or final approval of the compliance and enforcement portion of the State or Tribal lead-based paint program pursuant to the procedures at § 745.327(a). (e) State or Tribal submissions for program authorization shall comply with the procedures set out in this subpart. (f) Any State or Tribal program approved by the Administrator under this subpart shall at all times comply with the requirements of this subpart. (g) In many cases States will lack authority to regulate activities in Indian Country. This lack of authority does not impair a State's ability to obtain full program authorization in accordance with this subpart. EPA will administer the program in Indian Country if neither the State nor Indian Tribe has been granted program authorization by EPA. [61 FR 45825, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 73 FR 21767, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.323 Definitions. The definitions in subpart A apply to this subpart. In addition, the definitions in § 745.223 and the following definitions apply: Indian Country Indian Tribe § 745.324 Authorization of State or Tribal programs. (a) Application content and procedures. (2) Before developing an application for authorization, a State or Indian Tribe shall disseminate a public notice of intent to seek such authorization and provide an opportunity for a public hearing. (3) A State or Tribal application shall include: (i) A transmittal letter from the State Governor or Tribal Chairperson (or equivalent official) requesting program approval. (ii) A summary of the State or Tribal program. This summary will be used to provide notice to residents of the State or Tribe. (iii) A description of the State or Tribal program in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (iv) An Attorney General's or Tribal Counsel's (or equivalent) statement in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (v) Copies of all applicable State or Tribal statutes, regulations, standards, and other materials that provide the State or Indian Tribe with the authority to administer and enforce a lead-based paint program. (4) After submitting an application, the Agency will publish a Federal Register (5) Within 60 days of submission of a State or Tribal application, EPA will, if requested, conduct a public hearing in each State or Indian Country seeking program authorization and will consider all comments submitted at that hearing during the review of the State or Tribal application. (b) Program description. (1)(i) The name of the State or Tribal agency that is or will be responsible for administering and enforcing the program, the name of the official in that agency designated as the point of contact with EPA, and addresses and phone numbers where this official can be contacted. (ii) Where more than one agency is or will be responsible for administering and enforcing the program, the State or Indian Tribe must designate a primary agency to oversee and coordinate administration and enforcement of the program and serve as the primary contact with EPA. (iii) In the event that more than one agency is or will be responsible for administering and enforcing the program, the application must also include a description of the functions to be performed by each agency. The desciption shall explain and how the program will be coordinated by the primary agency to ensure consistency and effective administration of the within the State or Indian Tribe. (2) To demonstrate that the State or Tribal program is at least as protective as the Federal program, fulfilling the criteria in paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section, the State or Tribal application must include: (i) A description of the program that demonstrates that the program contains all of the elements specified in § 745.325, § 745.326, or both; and (ii) An analysis of the State or Tribal program that compares the program to the Federal program in subpart E or subpart L of this part, or both. This analysis must demonstrate how the program is, in the State's or Indian Tribe's assessment, at least as protective as the elements in the Federal program at subpart E or subpart L of this part, or both. EPA will use this analysis to evaluate the protectiveness of the State or Tribal program in making its determination pursuant to paragraph (e)(2)(i) of this section. (3) To demonstrate that the State or Tribal program provides adequate enforcement, fulfilling the criteria in paragraph (e)(2)(ii) of this section, the State or Tribal application must include a description of the State or Tribal lead-based paint compliance and enforcement program that demonstrates that the program contains all of the elements specified at § 745.327. This description shall include copies of all policies, certifications, plans, reports, and other materials that demonstrate that the State or Tribal program contains all of the elements specified at § 745.327. (4)(i) The program description for an Indian Tribe shall also include a map, legal description, or other information sufficient to identify the geographical extent of the territory over which the Indian Tribe exercises jurisdiction. (ii) The program description for an Indian Tribe shall also include a demonstration that the Indian Tribe: (A) Is recognized by the Secretary of the Interior. (B) has an existing government exercising substantial governmental duties and powers. (C) has adequate civil regulatory jurisdiction (as shown in the Tribal legal certification in paragraph (c)(2) of this section) over the subject matter and entities regulated. (D) is reasonably expected to be capable of administering the Federal program for which it is seeking authorization. (iii) If the Administrator has previously determined that an Indian Tribe has met the prerequisites in paragraphs (b)(4)(ii)(A) and (B) of this section for another EPA program, the Indian Tribe need provide only that information unique to the lead-based paint program required by paragraphs (b)(4)(ii)(C) and (D) of this section. (c) Attorney General's statement. (2) The Tribal legal certification (the equivalent to the Attorney General's statement) may also be submitted and signed by an independent attorney retained by the Indian Tribe for representation in matters before EPA or the courts pertaining to the Indian Tribe's program. The certification shall include an assertion that the attorney has the authority to represent the Indian Tribe with respect to the Indian Tribe's authorization application. (3) If a State application seeks approval of its program to operate in Indian Country, the required legal certification shall include an analysis of the applicant's authority to implement its provisions in Indian Country. The applicant shall include a map delineating the area over which it seeks to operate the program. (d) Program certification. (2) If this certification is contained in a State's application, the program shall be deemed to be authorized by EPA until such time as the Administrator disapproves the program application or withdraws the program authorization. A program shall not be deemed authorized pursuant to this subpart to the extent that jurisdiction is asserted over Indian Country, including non-member fee lands within an Indian reservation. (3) If the application does not contain such certification, the State program will be authorized only after the Administrator authorizes the program in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. (4) This certification shall take the form of a letter from the Governor or the Attorney General to the Administrator. The certification shall reference the program analysis in paragraph (b)(3) of this section as the basis for concluding that the State program is at least as protective as the Federal program, and provides adequate enforcement. (e) EPA approval. (2) Within 180 days of receipt of a complete State or Tribal application, the Administrator shall either authorize the program or disapprove the application. The Administrator shall authorize the program, after notice and the opportunity for public comment and a public hearing, only if the Administrator finds that: (i) The State or Tribal program is at least as protective of human health and the environment as the corresponding Federal program under subpart E or subpart L of this part, or both; and (ii) The State or Tribal program provides adequate enforcement. (3) EPA shall notify in writing the State or Indian Tribe of the Administrator's decision to authorize the State or Tribal program or disapprove the State's or Indian Tribe's application. (4) If the State or Indian Tribe applies for authorization of State or Tribal programs under both subpart E and subpart L, EPA may, as appropriate, authorize one program and disapprove the other. (f) EPA administration and enforcement. (2) If a State or Indian Tribe does not have an authorized program to administer and enforce the pre-renovation education requirements of subpart E of this part by August 31, 1998, the Administrator will, by such date, enforce those provisions of subpart E of this part as the Federal program for that State or Indian Country. If a State or Indian Tribe does not have an authorized program to administer and enforce the training, certification and accreditation requirements and work practice standards of subpart E of this part by April 22, 2009, the Administrator will, by such date, enforce those provisions of subpart E of this part as the Federal program for that State or Indian Country. (3) Upon authorization of a State or Tribal program, pursuant to paragraph (d) or (e) of this section, it shall be an unlawful act under sections 15 and 409 of TSCA for any person to fail or refuse to comply with any requirements of such program. (g) Oversight. (h) Reports. (1) Any significant changes in the content or administration of the State or Tribal program implemented since the previous reporting period; and (2) All information regarding the lead-based paint enforcement and compliance activities listed at § 745.327(d) “Summary on Progress and Performance.” (i) Withdrawal of authorization. (2) The Notice of Intent to Withdraw shall: (i) Identify the program aspects that EPA believes are inadequate and provide a factual basis for such findings. (ii) Include copies of relevant documents. (iii) Provide an opportunity for the State or Indian Tribe to respond either in writing or at a meeting with appropriate EPA officials. (3) EPA may request that an informal conference be held between representatives of the State or Indian Tribe and EPA officials. (4) Prior to issuance of a withdrawal, a State or Indian Tribe may request that EPA hold a public hearing. At this hearing, EPA, the State or Indian Tribe, and the public may present facts bearing on whether the State's or Indian Tribe's authorization should be withdrawn. (5) If EPA finds that deficiencies warranting withdrawal did not exist or were corrected by the State or Indian Tribe, EPA may rescind its Notice of Intent to Withdraw authorization. (6) Where EPA finds that deficiencies in the State or Tribal program exist that warrant withdrawal, an agreement to correct the deficiencies shall be jointly prepared by the State or Indian Tribe and EPA. The agreement shall describe the deficiencies found in the program, specify the steps the State or Indian Tribe has taken or will take to remedy the deficiencies, and establish a schedule, no longer than 180 days, for each remedial action to be initiated. (7) If the State or Indian Tribe does not respond within 60 days of issuance of the Notice of Intent to Withdraw or an agreement is not reached within 180 days after EPA determines that a State or Indian Tribe is not in compliance with the Federal program, the Agency shall issue an order withdrawing the State's or Indian Tribe's authorization. (8) By the date of such order, the Administrator will establish and enforce the provisions of subpart E or subpart L of this part, or both, as the Federal program for that State or Indian Country. [61 FR 45825, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 73 FR 21767, Apr. 22, 2008] § 745.325 Lead-based paint activities: State and Tribal program requirements. (a) Program elements. (1) Procedures and requirements for the accreditation of lead-based paint activities training programs. (2) Procedures and requirements for the certification of individuals engaged in lead-based paint activities. (3) Work practice standards for the conduct of lead-based paint activities. (4) Requirements that all lead-based paint activities be conducted by appropriately certified contractors. (5) Development of the appropriate infrastructure or government capacity to effectively carry out a State or Tribal program. (b) Accreditation of training programs. (1) Procedures and requirements for the accreditation of training programs that establish: (i) Requirements for the accreditation of training programs, including but not limited to: (A) Training curriculum requirements. (B) Training hour requirements. (C) Hands-on training requirements. (D) Trainee competency and proficiency requirements. (E) Requirements for training program quality control. (ii) Procedures for the re-accreditation of training programs. (iii) Procedures for the oversight of training programs. (iv) Procedures for the suspension, revocation, or modification of training program accreditations; or (2) Procedures or regulations, for the purposes of certification, for the acceptance of training offered by an accredited training provider in a State or Tribe authorized by EPA. (c) Certification of individuals. (1) Ensure that certified individuals: (i) Are trained by an accredited training program; and (ii) Possess appropriate education or experience qualifications for certification. (2) Establish procedures for re-certification. (3) Require the conduct of lead-based paint activities in accordance with work practice standards established by the State or Indian Tribe. (4) Establish procedures for the suspension, revocation, or modification of certifications. (5) Establish requirements and procedures for the administration of a third-party certification exam. (d) Work practice standards for the conduct of lead-based paint activities. (1) The work practice standards for the inspection for the presence of lead-based paint must require that: (i) Inspections are conducted only by individuals certified by the appropriate State or Tribal authority to conduct inspections. (ii) Inspections are conducted in a way that identifies the presence of lead-based paint on painted surfaces within the interior or on the exterior of a residential dwelling or child-occupied facility. (iii) Inspections are conducted in a way that uses documented methodologies that incorporate adequate quality control procedures. (iv) A report is developed that clearly documents the results of the inspection. (v) Records are retained by the certified inspector or the firm. (2) The work practice standards for risk assessment must require that: (i) Risk assessments are conducted only by individuals certified by the appropriate State or Tribal authority to conduct risk assessments. (ii) Risk assessments are conducted in a way that identifies and reports the presence of lead-based paint hazards. (iii) Risk assessments consist of, at least: (A) An assessment, including a visual inspection, of the physical characteristics of the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility; (B) Environmental sampling for lead in paint, dust, and soil; (C) Environmental sampling requirements for lead in paint, dust, and soil that allow for comparison to the standards for lead-based paint hazards established or revised by the State or Indian Tribe pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section; and (D) A determination of the presence of lead-based paint hazards made by comparing the results of visual inspection and environmental sampling to the standards for lead-based paint hazards established or revised by the State or Indian Tribe pursuant to paragraph (e) of this section. (iv) The program elements required in paragraph (d)(2)(iii)(C) and (d)(2)(iii)(D) of this section shall be adopted in accordance with the schedule for the demonstration required in paragraph (e) of this section. (v) The risk assessor develops a report that clearly presents the results of the assessment and recommendations for the control or elimination of all identified hazards. (vi) The certified risk assessor or the firm retains the appropriate records. (3) The work practice standards for abatement must require that: (i) Abatements are conducted only by individuals certified by the appropriate State or Tribal authority to conduct or supervise abatements. (ii) Abatements permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards, in the case of dust-lead hazards to below the action levels, and are conducted in a way that does not increase the hazards of lead-based paint to the occupants of the dwelling or child-occupied facility. (iii) Abatements include post-abatement lead in dust sampling and conformance with the action levels established or adopted by the State or Indian Tribe. (iv) The abatement contractor develops a report that describes areas of the residential dwelling or child-occupied facility abated and the techniques employed. (v) The certified abatement contractor or the firm retains appropriate records. (e) Revisions to lead-based paint activities program requirements. Federal Register (1) A State or Tribe with a lead-based paint activities program approved before the effective date of the revisions to the lead-based paint activities program requirements in subpart L of this part must demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section in a report that it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) but no later than two years after the effective date of the revisions. (2) A State or Tribe with an application for approval of a lead-based paint activities program submitted but not approved before the effective date of the revisions to the lead-based paint activities program requirements in subpart L of this part must demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section either by amending its application or in a report that it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) but no later than two years after the effective date of the revisions. (3) A State or Tribe submitting its application for approval of a lead-based paint activities program on or after the effective date of the revisions must demonstrate in its application that it meets the requirements of the new lead-based paint activities program requirements in subpart L of this part. [61 FR 45825, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 66 FR 1240, Jan. 5, 2001; 84 FR 32648, July 9, 2019; 89 FR 89461, Nov. 12, 2024] § 745.326 Renovation: State and Tribal program requirements. (a) Program elements. (1) For pre-renovation education programs, procedures and requirements for the distribution of lead hazard information to owners and occupants of target housing and child-occupied facilities before renovations for compensation. (2) For renovation training, certification, accreditation, and work practice standards programs: (i) Procedures and requirements for the accreditation of renovation and dust sampling technician training programs. A State and Tribal program is not required to include procedures and requirements for the dust sampling technician training discipline if the State or Tribal program requires dust sampling to be performed by a certified lead-based paint inspector or risk assessor. (ii) Procedures and requirements for accredited initial and refresher training for renovators and dust sampling technicians and on-the-job training for other individuals who perform renovations. (iii) Procedures and requirements for the certification of individuals and/or firms. (iv) Requirements that all renovations be conducted by appropriately certified individuals and/or firms. (v) Work practice standards for the conduct of renovations. (3) For all renovation programs, development of the appropriate infrastructure or government capacity to effectively carry out a State or Tribal program. (b) Pre-renovation education. (1) Establish clear standards for identifying renovation activities that trigger the information distribution requirements. (2) Establish procedures for distributing the lead hazard information to owners and occupants of housing and child-occupied facilities prior to renovation activities. (3) Require that the information to be distributed include either the pamphlet titled Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools, Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools, (i) A State or Tribe with a pre-renovation education program approved before June 23, 2008, must demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section no later than the first report that it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) on or after April 22, 2009. (ii) A State or Tribe with an application for approval of a pre-renovation education program submitted but not approved before June 23, 2008, must demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section either by amending its application or in the first report that it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) of this part on or after April 22, 2009. (iii) A State or Indian Tribe submitting its application for approval of a pre-renovation education program on or after June 23, 2008, must demonstrate in its application that it meets the requirements of this section. (c) Accreditation of training programs. (1) The State or Tribal program must establish accreditation procedures and requirements, including: (i) Procedures and requirements for the accreditation of training programs, including, but not limited to: (A) Training curriculum requirements. (B) Training hour requirements. (C) Hands-on training requirements. (D) Trainee competency and proficiency requirements. (E) Requirements for training program quality control. (ii) Procedures and requirements for the re-accreditation of training programs. (iii) Procedures for the oversight of training programs. (iv) Procedures and standards for the suspension, revocation, or modification of training program accreditations; or (2) The State or Tribal program must establish procedures and requirements for the acceptance of renovation training offered by training providers accredited by EPA or a State or Tribal program authorized by EPA under this subpart. (d) Certification of individuals and/or renovation firms. (1) Establish procedures and requirements that ensure that individuals who perform or direct renovations are properly trained. These procedures and requirements must include: (i) A requirement that renovations be performed and directed by at least one individual who has been trained by an accredited training program. (ii) Procedures and requirements for accredited refresher training for these individuals. (iii) Procedures and requirements for individuals who have received accredited training to provide on-the-job training for those individuals who perform renovations but do not receive accredited training. A State and Tribal program is not required to include procedures and requirements for on-the-job training for renovation workers if the State or Tribal program requires accredited initial and refresher training for all persons who perform renovations. (2) Establish procedures and requirements for the formal certification and re-certification of renovation firms. (3) Establish procedures for the suspension, revocation, or modification of certifications. (e) Work practice standards for renovations. (1) Renovations must be conducted only by certified renovation firms, using trained individuals. (2) Renovations are conducted using lead-safe work practices that are at least as protective to occupants as the requirements in § 745.85. (3) Certified individuals and/or renovation firms must retain appropriate records. (f) Revisions to renovation program requirements. Federal Register (1) A State or Tribe with a renovation program approved before the effective date of the revisions to the renovation program requirements in subparts E and L of this part must demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section no later than the first report that it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) but no later than 2 years after the effective date of the revisions. (2) A State or Tribe with an application for approval of a renovation program submitted but not approved before the effective date of the revisions to the renovation program requirements in subparts E and L of this part must demonstrate that it meets the requirements of this section either by amending its application or in the first report that it submits pursuant to § 745.324(h) of this part but no later than 2 years after the effective date of the revisions. (3) A State or Tribe submitting its application for approval of a renovation program on or after the effective date of the revisions must demonstrate in its application that it meets the requirements of the new renovation program requirements in subparts E and L of this part. [73 FR 21768, Apr. 22, 2008, as amended at 75 FR 24819, May 6, 2010; 76 FR 47945, Aug. 5, 2011] § 745.327 State or Indian Tribal lead-based paint compliance and enforcement programs. (a) Approval of compliance and enforcement programs. (1) Interim approval. (i) To be considered adequate for purposes of obtaining interim approval for the compliance and enforcement program portion of a State or Tribal lead-based paint program, a State or Indian Tribe must, in its application described at § 745.324(a): (A) Demonstrate it has the legal authority and ability to immediately implement the elements in paragraph (b) of this section. This demonstration shall include a statement that the State or Indian Tribe, during the interim approval period, shall carry out a level of compliance monitoring and enforcement necessary to ensure that the State or Indian Tribe addresses any significant risks posed by noncompliance with lead-based paint activity requirements. (B) Present a plan with time frames identified for implementing in the field each element in paragraph (c) of this section. All elements of paragraph (c) of this section must be fully implemented no later than 3 years from the date of EPA's interim approval of the compliance and enforcement program portion of a State or Tribal lead-based paint program. A statement of resources must be included in the State or Tribal plan which identifies what resources the State or Indian Tribe intends to devote to the administration of its lead-based paint compliance and enforcement program. (C) Agree to submit to EPA the Summary on Progress and Performance of lead-based paint compliance and enforcement activities as described at paragraph (d) of this section. (ii) Any interim approval granted by EPA for the compliance and enforcement program portion of a State or Tribal lead-based paint program will expire no later than 3 years from the date of EPA's interim approval. One hundred and eighty days prior to this expiration date, a State or Indian Tribe shall apply to EPA for final approval of the compliance and enforcement program portion of a State or Tribal lead-based paint program. Final approval shall be given to any State or Indian Tribe which has in place all of the elements of paragraphs (b), (c), and (d) of this section. If a State or Indian Tribe does not receive final approval for the compliance and enforcement program portion of a State or Tribal lead-based paint program by the date 3 years after the date of EPA's interim approval, the Administrator shall, by such date, initiate the process to withdraw the State or Indian Tribe's authorization pursuant to § 745.324(i). (2) Final approval. (i) For the compliance and enforcement program to be considered adequate for final approval through the application described at § 745.324(a), a State or Indian Tribe must, in its application: (A) Demonstrate it has the legal authority and ability to immediately implement the elements in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (B) Submit a statement of resources which identifies what resources the State or Indian Tribe intends to devote to the administration of its lead-based paint compliance and enforcement program. (C) Agree to submit to EPA the Summary on Progress and Performance of lead-based paint compliance and enforcement activities as described at paragraph (d) of this section. (ii) For States or Indian Tribes which previously received interim approval as described in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, in order for the State or Tribal compliance and enforcement program to be considered adequate for final approval through a separate application addressing only the compliance and enforcement program portion of a State or Tribal lead-based paint program, a State or Indian Tribe must, in its application: (A) Demonstrate that it has the legal authority and ability to immediately implement the elements in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (B) Submit a statement which identifies the resources the State or Indian Tribe intends to devote to the administration of its lead-based paint compliance and enforcement program. (C) Agree to submit to EPA the Summary on Progress and Performance of lead-based paint compliance and enforcement activities as described at paragraph (d) of this section. (D) To the extent not previously submitted through the application described at § 745.324(a), submit copies of all applicable State or Tribal statutes, regulations, standards, and other material that provide the State or Indian Tribe with authority to administer and enforce the lead-based paint compliance and enforcement program, and copies of the policies, certifications, plans, reports, and any other documents that demonstrate that the program meets the requirements established in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section. (b) Standards, regulations, and authority. (1) Lead-based paint activities or renovation requirements. (2) Authority to enter. (i) State or Tribal officials must be able to enter premises or facilities where those engaged in training for lead-based paint activities or renovations conduct business. (ii) For the purposes of enforcing a renovation program, State or Tribal officials must be able to enter a firm's place of business or work site. (iii) State or Tribal officials must have authority to take samples and review records as part of the lead-based paint inspection process. (3) Flexible remedies. (i) The authority to issue warning letters, Notices of Noncompliance, Notices of Violation, or the equivalent; (ii) The authority to assess administrative or civil fines, including a maximum penalty authority for any violation in an amount no less than $5,000 per violation per day; (iii) The authority to assess the maximum penalties or fines for each instance of violation and, if the violation is continuous, the authority to assess penalties or fines up to the maximum amount for each day of violation, with all penalties assessed or collected being appropriate for the violation after consideration of factors as the State or Tribe determine to be relevant, including the size or viability of the business, enforcement history, risks to human health or the environment posed by the violation, and other similar factors; (iv) The authority to commence an administrative proceeding or to sue in courts of competent jurisdiction to recover penalties; (v) The authority to suspend, revoke, or modify the accreditation of any training provider or the certification of any individual or firm; (vi) The authority to commence an administrative proceeding or to sue in courts of competent jurisdiction to enjoin any threatened or continuing violation of any program requirement, without the necessity of a prior suspension or revocation of a trainer's accreditation or a firm's or individual's certification; (vii) The authority to apply criminal sanctions, including recovering fines; and (viii) The authority to enforce its authorized program using a burden of proof standard, including the degree of knowledge or intent of the respondent that is no greater than it is for EPA under TSCA. (4) Adequate resources. (c) Performance elements. (1) Training. (2) Compliance assistance. (3) Sampling techniques. (4) Tracking tips and complaints. (5) Targeting inspections. (6) Follow up to inspection reports. (7) Compliance monitoring and enforcement. (d) Summary on Progress and Performance. (e) Memorandum of Agreement. (f) Electronic reporting under State or Indian Tribe programs. [61 FR 45825, Aug. 29, 1996, as amended at 70 FR 59889, Oct. 13, 2005; 73 FR 21769, Apr. 22, 2008; 76 FR 47946, Aug. 5, 2011] § 745.339 Effective date. States and Indian Tribes may seek authorization to administer and enforce subpart L of this part pursuant to this subpart at any time. States and Indian Tribes may seek authorization to administer and enforce the pre-renovation education provisions of subpart E of this part pursuant to this subpart at any time. States and Indian Tribes may seek authorization to administer and enforce all of subpart E of this part pursuant to this subpart effective June 23, 2008. [73 FR 21769, Apr. 22, 2008]

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