50 CFR Part 20 — Migratory Bird Hunting

PART 20—MIGRATORY BIRD HUNTING Authority: 16 U.S.C. 703 et seq. Source: 38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, unless otherwise noted. Subpart A—Introduction § 20.1 Scope of regulations. (a) In general. (b) Procedural and substantive requirements. § 20.2 Relation to other provisions. (a) Migratory bird permits. (b) Migratory bird hunting stamps. (c) National wildlife refuges. (d) State Laws for the protection of migratory birds. (e) Migratory bird subsistence harvest in Alaska. [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 68 FR 43027, July 21, 2003] Subpart B—Definitions § 20.11 What terms do I need to understand? In addition to definitions contained in part 10 of this chapter, as used in this part, the following terms will be construed, respectively, to mean and to include: (a) Migratory game birds (1) Anatidae (ducks, geese [including brant] and swans); (2) Columbidae (doves and pigeons); (3) Gruidae (cranes); (4) Rallidae (rails, coots and gallinules); and (5) Scolopacidae (woodcock and snipe). A list of migratory birds protected by the international conventions and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act appears in § 10.13 of this subchapter. (b) Seasons Open season (2) Closed season (c) Bag limits Aggregate bag limit (2) Daily bag limit (3) Aggregate daily bag limit (4) Possession limit (5) Aggregate possession limit (d) Personal abode (e) Migratory bird preservation facility (1) Any person who, at their residence or place of business and for hire or other consideration; or (2) Any taxidermist, cold-storage facility or locker plant which, for hire or other consideration; or (3) Any hunting club which, in the normal course of operations; receives, possesses, or has in custody any migratory game birds belonging to another person for purposes of picking, cleaning, freezing, processing, storage or shipment. (f) Paraplegic (g) Normal agricultural planting, harvesting, or post-harvest manipulation (h) Normal agricultural operation (i) Normal soil stabilization practice (j) Baited area (k) Baiting (l) Manipulation manipulation (m) Rice ratooning (n) Post-disaster flooding et seq. (1) In which the natural disaster occurred; or (2) Immediately preceding the crop year in which the natural disaster occurred. (o) Natural vegetation natural vegetation natural vegetation. (p) Resident Canada geese [53 FR 24290, June 28, 1988, as amended at 64 FR 29804, June 3, 1999; 71 FR 45986, Aug. 10, 2006; 72 FR 46407, Aug. 20, 2007; 84 FR 28773, June 20, 2019; 84 FR 38885, Aug. 8, 2019; 91 FR 38558, June 26, 2026; 91 FR 55810, Aug. 31, 2026] Subpart C—Taking § 20.20 Migratory Bird Harvest Information Program. (a) Information collection requirements. et seq. (b) General provisions. (c) Tribal exemptions. (d) State exemptions. (e) State responsibilities. [58 FR 15098, Mar. 19, 1993, as amended at 59 FR 53336, Oct. 21, 1994; 61 FR 46352, Aug. 30, 1996; 62 FR 45708, Aug. 28, 1997; 63 FR 46401, Sept. 1, 1998; 79 FR 43965, July 29, 2014] § 20.21 What hunting methods are illegal? Migratory birds on which open seasons are prescribed in this part may be taken by any method except those prohibited in this section. No persons shall take migratory game birds: (a) With a trap, snare, net, rifle, pistol, swivel gun, shotgun larger than 10 gauge, punt gun, battery gun, machinegun, fish hook, poison, drug, explosive, or stupefying substance; (b) With a shotgun of any description capable of holding more than three shells, unless it is plugged with a one-piece filler, incapable of removal without disassembling the gun, so its total capacity does not exceed three shells. However, this restriction does not apply during: (1) A light-goose-only season (greater and lesser snow geese and Ross' geese) when all other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed. (2) A hunting season only for Canada and cackling geese during the period of September 1 to September 30, provided: (i) The season occurs within the Atlantic, Central, and Mississippi Flyways (see § 20.107 for definitions of the flyways); (ii) All other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed; and (iii) The State notifies the Service's Migratory Bird Program by May 31 each year of its intention to authorize the additional hunting method in its regulations for the seasonal hunting of migratory game birds. (c) From or by means, aid, or use of a sinkbox or any other type of low floating device, having a depression affording the hunter a means of concealment beneath the surface of the water; (d) From or by means, aid, or use of any motor vehicle, motor-driven land conveyance, or aircraft of any kind, except that paraplegics and persons missing one or both legs may take from any stationary motor vehicle or stationary motor-driven land conveyance; (e) From or by means of any motorboat or other craft having a motor attached, or any sailboat, unless the motor has been completely shut off and/or the sails furled, and its progress therefrom has ceased: Provided, (f) By the use or aid of live birds as decoys; although not limited to, it shall be a violation of this paragraph for any person to take migratory waterfowl on an area where tame or captive live ducks or geese are present unless such birds are and have been for a period of 10 consecutive days prior to such taking, confined within an enclosure which substantially reduces the audibility of their calls and totally conceals such birds from the sight of wild migratory waterfowl; (g) By the use or aid of recorded or electrically amplified bird calls or sounds, or recorded or electrically amplified imitations of bird calls or sounds. However, this restriction does not apply during: (1) A light-goose-only season (greater and lesser snow geese and Ross' geese) when all other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed. (2) A hunting season only for Canada and cackling geese during the period of September 1 to September 30, provided: (i) The season occurs within the Atlantic, Central, and Mississippi Flyways (see § 20.107 for definitions of the flyways); (ii) All other waterfowl and crane hunting seasons, excluding falconry, are closed; and (iii) The State notifies the Service's Migratory Bird Program by May 31 each year of its intention to authorize the additional hunting method in its regulations for the seasonal hunting of migratory game birds. (h) By means or aid of any motordriven land, water, or air conveyance, or any sailboat used for the purpose of or resulting in the concentrating, driving, rallying, or stirring up of any migratory bird; (i) By the aid of baiting, or on or over any baited area, where a person knows or reasonably should know that the area is or has been baited. However, nothing in this paragraph prohibits: (1) the taking of any migratory game bird, including waterfowl, coots, and cranes, on or over the following lands or areas that are not otherwise baited areas— (i) Standing crops or flooded standing crops (including aquatics); standing, flooded, or manipulated natural vegetation; flooded harvested croplands; or lands or areas where seeds or grains have been scattered solely as the result of a normal agricultural planting, harvesting, post-harvest manipulation, rice ratooning, post-disaster flooding, or normal soil stabilization practice; (ii) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with natural vegetation; (iii) From a blind or other place of concealment camouflaged with vegetation from agricultural crops, as long as such camouflaging does not result in the exposing, depositing, distributing or scattering of grain or other feed; or (iv) Standing or flooded standing agricultural crops where grain is inadvertently scattered solely as a result of a hunter entering or exiting a hunting area, placing decoys, or retrieving downed birds. (2) The taking of any migratory game bird, except waterfowl, coots and cranes, on or over lands or areas that are not otherwise baited areas, and where grain or other feed has been distributed or scattered solely as the result of manipulation of an agricultural crop or other feed on the land where grown, or solely as the result of a normal agricultural operation. (j)(1) While possessing loose shot for muzzle loading or shotshells containing other than the following approved shot types. Approved shot type* Percent composition by weight Field testing device** Bismuth-tin 97 bismuth, and 3 tin Hot Shot®*** Iron (steel) iron and carbon Magnet or Hot Shot®. Iron-tungsten any proportion of tungsten, and ≥1 iron Magnet or Hot Shot®. Iron-tungsten-nickel ≥1 iron, any proportion of tungsten, and up to 40 nickel Magnet or Hot Shot®. Copper-clad iron 84 to 56.59 iron core, with copper cladding up to 44.1 of the shot mass Magnet or Hot Shot® Corrosion-inhibited copper ≥99.9 copper with benzotriazole and thermoplastic fluorescent powder coatings Ultraviolet Light. Tungsten-bronze 51.1 tungsten, 44.4 copper, 3.9 tin, and 0.6 iron, or 60 tungsten, 35.1 copper, 3.9 tin, and 1 iron Rare Earth Magnet. Tungsten-iron-copper-nickel 40-76 tungsten, 10-37 iron, 9-16 copper, and 5-7 nickel Hot Shot® or Rare Earth Magnet. Tungsten-matrix 95.9 tungsten, 4.1 polymer Hot Shot®. Tungsten-polymer 95.5 tungsten, 4.5 Nylon 6 or 11 Hot Shot®. Tungsten-tin-iron any proportions of tungsten and tin, and ≥1 iron Magnet or Hot Shot®. Tungsten-tin-bismuth any proportions of tungsten, tin, and bismuth Rare Earth Magnet. Tungsten-tin-iron-nickel 65 tungsten, 21.8 tin, 10.4 iron, and 2.8 nickel Magnet. Tungsten-iron-polymer 41.5-95.2 tungsten, 1.5-52.0 iron, and 3.5-8.0 fluoropolymer Rare Earth Magnet or Hot Shot®. * Coatings of copper, nickel, tin, zinc, zinc chloride, zinc chrome, fluoropolymers, and fluorescent thermoplastic on approved nontoxic shot types also are approved. ** The information in the “Field Testing Device” column is strictly informational, not regulatory. *** The “HOT*SHOT” field testing device is from Stream Systems of Concord, CA. (2) Each approved shot type must contain less than 1 percent residual lead ( see (3) This shot type restriction applies to the taking of ducks, geese (including brant), swans, coots ( Fulica americana [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973] Editorial Note: For Federal Register www.govinfo.gov. § 20.22 Closed seasons. No person shall take migratory game birds during the closed season except as provided in part 21 of this chapter. [73 FR 65951, Nov. 5, 2008] § 20.23 Shooting and hawking hours. No person may take migratory game birds except during the hours open to shooting, which includes hawking (taking by falconry), as prescribed in subpart K of this part and 50 CFR 21.180 and 21.183 of this chapter. [91 FR 55810, Aug. 31, 2026] § 20.24 Daily limit. No person shall take in any 1 calendar day, more than the daily bag limit or aggregate daily bag limit, whichever applies. [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 38 FR 22626, Aug. 23, 1973] § 20.25 Wanton waste of migratory game birds. No person shall kill or cripple any migratory game bird pursuant to this part without making a reasonable effort to retrieve the bird, and retain it in his actual custody, at the place where taken or between that place and either (a) his automobile or principal means of land transportation; or (b) his personal abode or temporary or transient place of lodging; or (c) a migratory bird preservation facility; or (d) a post office; or (e) a common carrier facility. [41 FR 31536, July 29, 1976] § 20.26 Emergency closures. (a) The Director may close or temporarily suspend any season established under subpart K of this part: (1) Upon a finding that a continuation of such a season would constitute an imminent threat to the safety of any endangered or threatened species or other migratory bird populations. (2) Upon issuance of local public notice by such means as publication in local newspapers of general circulation, posting of the areas affected, notifying the State wildlife conservation agency, and announcement on local radio and television. (b) Any such closure or temporary suspension shall be announced by publication of a notice to that effect in the Federal Register Federal Register (c) Any closure or temporary suspension under this section shall be effective on the date of publication of the Federal Register Federal Register. [41 FR 31536, July 29, 1976] Subpart D—Possession § 20.31 Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C. No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, possess or have in custody any migratory game bird or part thereof, taken in violation of any provision of subpart C of this part. § 20.32 During closed season. No person shall possess any freshly killed migratory game birds during the closed season. § 20.33 Possession limit. No person shall possess more migratory game birds taken in the United States than the possession limit or the aggregate possession limit, whichever applies. § 20.34 Opening day of a season. No person on the opening day of the season shall possess any freshly killed migratory game birds in excess of the daily bag limit, or aggregate daily bag limit, whichever applies. § 20.35 Field possession limit. No person shall possess, have in custody, or transport more than the daily bag limit or aggregate daily bag limit, whichever applies, of migratory game birds, tagged or not tagged, at or between the place where taken and either (a) his automobile or principal means of land transportation; or (b) his personal abode or temporary or transient place of lodging; or (c) a migratory bird preservation facility; or (d) a post office; or (e) a common carrier facility. [41 FR 31536, July 29, 1976] § 20.36 Tagging requirement. No person shall put or leave any migratory game birds at any place (other than at his personal abode), or in the custody of another person for picking, cleaning, processing, shipping, transportation, or storage (including temporary storage), or for the purpose of having taxidermy services performed, unless such birds have a tag attached, signed by the hunter, stating his address, the total number and species of birds, and the date such birds were killed. Migratory game birds being transported in any vehicle as the personal baggage of the possessor shall not be considered as being in storage or temporary storage. § 20.37 Custody of birds of another. No person shall receive or have in custody any migratory game birds belonging to another person unless such birds are tagged as required by § 20.36. § 20.38 Possession of live birds. Every migratory game bird wounded by hunting and reduced to possession by the hunter shall be immediately killed and become a part of the daily bag limit. No person shall at any time, or by any means, possess or transport live migratory game birds taken under authority of this part. § 20.39 Termination of possession. Subject to all other requirements of this part, the possession of birds taken by any hunter shall be deemed to have ceased when such birds have been delivered by him to another person as a gift; or have been delivered by him to a post office, a common carrier, or a migratory bird preservation facility and consigned for transport by the Postal Service or a common carrier to some person other than the hunter. [41 FR 31537, July 29, 1976] § 20.40 Gift of migratory game birds. No person may receive, possess, or give to another, any freshly killed migratory game birds as a gift, except at the personal abodes of the donor or donee, unless such birds have a tag attached, signed by the hunter who took the birds, stating such hunter's address, the total number and species of birds and the date such birds were taken. [42 FR 39668, Aug. 5, 1977] Subpart E—Transportation Within the United States § 20.41 Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C. No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, transport any migratory game bird or part thereof, taken in violation of any provision of subpart C of this part. § 20.42 Transportation of birds of another. No person shall transport migratory game birds belonging to another person unless such birds are tagged as required by § 20.36. § 20.43 Species identification requirement. No person shall transport within the United States any migratory game birds, except doves and band-tailed pigeons ( Columba fasciata [41 FR 31537, July 19, 1976] § 20.44 Marking package or container. No person shall transport by the Postal Service or a common carrier migratory game birds unless the package or container in which such birds are transported has the name and address of the shipper and the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers of each species of birds therein contained clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof. Subpart F—Exportation § 20.51 Prohibited if taken in violation of subpart C. No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, export or cause to be exported, any migratory game bird or part thereof, taken in violation of any provision of subpart C of this part. § 20.52 Species identification requirement. No person shall export migratory game birds unless one fully feathered wing remains attached to each such bird while being transported from the United States and/or any of its possessions to any foreign country. § 20.53 Marking package or container. No person shall export migratory game birds via the Postal Service or a common carrier unless the package or container has the name and address of the shipper and the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers of each species of birds therein contained clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof. Subpart G—Importations § 20.61 Importation limits. No person shall import migratory game birds in excess of the following importation limits: (a) Doves and pigeons. (2) From Mexico, not to exceed the maximum number permitted by Mexican authorities to be taken in any one day: Provided, (b) Waterfowl. (2) From Canada, not to exceed the maximum number permitted to be exported by Canadian authorities. (3) From Mexico, not to exceed the maximum number permitted by Mexican authorities to be taken in any one day: Provided, [40 FR 36346, Aug. 20, 1975] § 20.62 Importation of birds of another. No person shall import migratory game birds belonging to another person. § 20.63 Species identification requirement. No person shall import migratory game birds unless each such bird has one fully feathered wing attached, and such wing must remain attached while being transported between the port of entry and the personal abode of the possessor or between the port of entry and a migratory bird preservation facility. [41 FR 31537, July 19, 1976] § 20.64 Foreign export permits. No person shall import, possess or transport, any migratory game birds killed in a foreign country unless such birds are accompanied by export permits, tags, or other documentation required by applicable foreign laws or regulations. § 20.65 Processing requirement. No person shall import migratory game birds killed in any foreign country, except Canada, unless such birds are dressed (except as required in § 20.63), drawn, and the head and feet are removed: Provided, [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 87 FR 880, Jan. 7, 2022] § 20.66 Marking of package or container. No person shall import migratory game birds via the Postal Service or a common carrier unless the package or container has the name and address of the shipper and the consignee and an accurate statement of the numbers of each species of birds therein contained clearly and conspicuously marked on the outside thereof. Subpart H—Federal, State, and Foreign Law § 20.71 Violation of Federal law. No person shall at any time, by any means or in any manner, take, possess, transport, or export any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, in violation of any act of Congress or any regulation, including the regulations in this part and the authorization conditions (see § 20.107 for a definition) for migratory bird hunting and in accordance with § 20.125(a), issued pursuant thereto. [91 FR 55810, Aug. 31, 2026] § 20.72 Violation of State and Tribal law. No person shall at any time, by any means or in any manner, take, possess, transport, or export any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird, in violation of any applicable law or regulation of any State or Tribe. A violation of State or Tribal law or regulation, including State regulations in a Federal policy memorandum posted on a Service website, for migratory bird hunting constitutes a violation of Federal law. [91 FR 55810, Aug. 31, 2026] § 20.73 Violation of foreign law. No person shall at any time, by any means, or in any manner, import, possess, or transport, any migratory bird, or any part, nest, or egg of any such bird taken, bought, sold, transported, possessed, or exported contrary to any applicable law or regulation of any foreign country, or State or province thereof. Subpart I—Migratory Bird Preservation Facilities § 20.81 Tagging requirement. No migratory bird preservation facility shall receive or have in custody any migratory game birds unless such birds are tagged as required by § 20.36. [41 FR 31537, July 29, 1976] § 20.82 Records required. (a) No migratory bird preservation facility shall: (1) Receive or have in custody any migratory game bird unless accurate records are maintained which can identify each bird received by, or in the custody of, the facility by the name of the person from whom the bird was obtained, and show (i) the number of each species; (ii) the location where taken; (iii) the date such birds were received; (iv) the name and address of the person from whom such birds were received; (v) the date such birds were disposed of; and (vi) the name and address of the person to whom such birds were delivered, or (2) Destroy any records required to be maintained under this section for a period of 1 year following the last entry on the record. (b) Record keeping as required by this section will not be necessary at hunting clubs which do not fully process migratory birds by removal of both the head and wings. [41 FR 38510, Sept. 10, 1976] § 20.83 Inspection of premises. No migratory bird preservation facility shall prevent any person authorized to enforce this part from entering such facilities at all reasonable hours and inspecting the records and the premises where such operations are being carried. [41 FR 31537, July 19, 1976] Subpart J—Feathers or Skins § 20.91 Commercial use of feathers. Any person may possess, purchase, sell, barter, or transport for the making of fishing flies, bed pillows, and mattresses, and for similar commercial uses the feathers of migratory waterfowl (ducks, geese, brant, and swans) killed by hunting pursuant to this part, or seized and condemned by Federal or State game authorities, except that: (a) No person shall purchase, sell, barter, or offer to purchase, sell, or barter for millinery or ornamental use the feathers of migratory game birds taken under authority of this part; and (b) No person shall purchase, sell, barter, or offer to purchase, sell, or barter mounted specimens of migratory game birds taken under authority of this part. [38 FR 22021, Aug. 15, 1973, as amended at 45 FR 70275, Oct. 23, 1980] § 20.92 Personal use of feathers or skins. Any person for his own use may possess, transport, ship, import, and export without a permit the feathers and skins of lawfully taken migratory game birds. Subpart K—Process for Issuing Authorization Conditions for Migratory Game Bird Hunting Source: 91 FR 55810, Aug. 31, 2026, unless otherwise noted. § 20.100 General provisions. (a) The taking, possession, transportation, and other uses of migratory birds is prohibited unless it is specifically provided for in regulations developed in accordance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Consequently, migratory game bird hunting is prohibited except as authorized in regulations in this part and in accordance with the authorization conditions (see § 20.107 for a definition) for State and Tribal migratory bird hunting regulations. (b) Authorization conditions will be based on data including, but not limited to, migratory game bird population status and trends, habitat conditions, and anticipated harvest. The authorization conditions will be periodically adjusted to account for bird abundance and other biological factors. (c) In the Atlantic Flyway States of Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, if Sunday hunting of migratory game birds is prohibited statewide by State law or regulation, all Sundays are closed to the take of all migratory game birds. § 20.107 Definitions. For the purpose of this subpart, the following terms will be construed, respectively, to mean and to include: Area Authorization conditions (1) The selected regulatory alternatives may change periodically based on the status of populations and environmental conditions and will include the regulatory parameters most directly related to maintaining harvests at levels compatible with a game bird population's ability to be self-sustaining. (2) Authorization conditions specify the bracket dates, season lengths, shooting hours, bag and possession limits, areas where hunting may occur, and other restrictions, conditions, and requirements associated with the seasonal hunting of migratory game birds. Bracket dates Decision framework Federal Register Flyway (1) Atlantic Flyway is Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia. (2) Mississippi Flyway is Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Tennessee, and Wisconsin. (3) Central Flyway is Colorado (east of the Continental Divide), Kansas, Montana (Counties of Blaine, Carbon, Fergus, Judith Basin, Stillwater, Sweetgrass, Wheatland, and all counties east thereof), Nebraska, New Mexico (east of the Continental Divide except the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation), North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming (east of the Continental Divide). (4) Pacific Flyway is Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and those portions of Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, and Wyoming not included in the Central Flyway. Flyway Council (1) The Council recommends actions necessary for science-based and sustainable harvest management of migratory birds to the Service. (2) The Flyway Councils are advised by the Flyway technical committees, which evaluate population and habitat information and make recommendations to the Councils on matters of migratory bird conservation. Hunting permit Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum Season length Season segment Service Migratory Bird Regulations Committee Zone Zone and split-season configurations § 20.108 Nontoxic shot zones. Beginning September 1, 1991, the contiguous 48 United States, and the States of Alaska and Hawaii, the Territories of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, and the territorial waters of the United States, are designated for the purpose of § 20.21(j) as nontoxic shot zones for hunting waterfowl, coots, and certain other species. “Certain other species” refers to those species, other than waterfowl or coots, that are affected by reason of being included in aggregate bags and concurrent seasons. § 20.109 Extended seasons, limits, and hours for taking migratory game birds by falconry. (a) In accordance with 50 CFR 21.82, falconry is a permitted means of taking migratory game birds in any State except for Hawaii. General hunting regulations, including seasons and shooting hours, apply to falconry. (b) States and Tribes may establish an extended season for taking migratory game birds in accordance with the following: (1) Bracket dates: September 1-March 10. (2) Season lengths: For all hunting methods combined, the combined length of the extended season, regular season, and any special or experimental seasons must not exceed 107 days for any species or group of species in a geographical area. Each extended season may be split into three segments. (3) Daily bag limits: Falconry daily bag limits for all permitted migratory game birds must not exceed 3 birds in the aggregate during extended falconry seasons, any special or experimental seasons, and regular hunting seasons in each State or Tribe, including those that do not establish an extended falconry season. Regular season bag limits do not apply to falconry. The falconry bag limit is not in addition to shooting limits. (4) Hawking hours: One-half hour before sunrise until sunset except as otherwise restricted by State or Tribal regulations. § 20.110 Regulations for certain Federal Indian reservations and ceded lands. (a) Tribal sovereignty. (b) Applicability. (c) Special regulations. (1) Tribes may establish on-reservation hunting regulations, for both Tribal and nontribal members, with hunting seasons that may differ from those in the State(s) in which the reservations are located. (i) Regulations for both Tribal and nontribal members: (ii) Regulations for Tribal members only: (A) For a short-term experimental hunting season, a Tribe and the Service may formally agree on allowed methods of take, notwithstanding the regulations in § 20.21, for on-reservation and ceded lands hunting by Tribal members. The Service will make public any such formal agreement. (B) A Tribe that would like to make an additional hunting method operational would need to provide data to the Service for consideration. If the Service agrees with the Tribe's proposal, the Service will conduct rulemaking to amend the regulations in this part to allow Tribal members to use the additional hunting method. (2) Tribes may establish off-reservation hunting regulations by Tribal members on ceded lands, with hunting seasons that may differ from the authorization conditions for season dates, season length, and daily bag and possession limits. (d) Provisions for ceded lands. § 20.115 Duck and dove zone and split-season configurations. Below are the alternative combinations of zones and season segments that a State may use for duck and dove hunting in a 5-year period. The SRC may approve a deviation from the 5-year period length for all four flyways. (a) Duck hunting zone and split-season configurations include: (1) One zone (same as no zones) with up to three season segments; (2) Two zones with up to two season segments in each zone; (3) Two zones with up to three season segments in each zone; (4) Three zones with up to two season segments in each zone; or (5) Four zones with a continuous season ( i.e., (b) Dove hunting zone and split-season configurations include: (1) One zone (same as no zones) with up to three season segments; or (2) Two zones with up to three season segments in each zone, except in the Western Management Unit where the season in one or both zones may be split into two segments. § 20.117 Duck season regulatory alternatives. For the general duck season authorization conditions, each Flyway has four possible regulatory alternatives (closed, restrictive, moderate, and liberal), each with a different expected harvest level. The open season alternatives are specified as: (a) Atlantic Flyway: Table 1 to Paragraph ( a Authorization Alternative Restrictive Moderate Liberal Bracket dates Oct. 1-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31. Season length (days) 30 45 60. Daily bag limit 3 6 6. (b) Mississippi Flyway: Table 2 to Paragraph ( b Authorization Alternative Restrictive Moderate Liberal Bracket dates Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31. Season length (days) 30 45 60. Daily bag limit 3 6 6. Mallard restriction 2 4 4. Mallard female restriction 1 1 2. (c) Central Flyway: Table 3 to Paragraph ( c Authorization conditions Alternative Restrictive Moderate Liberal Bracket dates Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31. Season length (days) 39 60 74. Daily bag limit 3 6 6. Mallard restriction 3 5 5. Mallard female restriction 1 1 2. (d) Pacific Flyway, except Alaska: Table 4 to Paragraph ( d Authorization Alternative Restrictive Moderate Liberal Bracket dates Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31 Saturday nearest Sep. 24-Jan. 31. Season length (days) 60 86 107. Daily bag limit 4 7 7. Mallard restriction 3 5 7. Mallard female restriction 1 2 2. (e) Alaska: Table 5 to Paragraph ( e Authorization Alternative Restrictive Moderate Liberal Bracket dates Sep. 1-Jan. 26 Sep. 1-Jan. 26 Sep. 1-Jan. 26. Season length (days) 107 107 107. Daily bag limit 5, except Gulf Coast Zone is 6 and North Zone is 8 7, except Gulf Coast Zone is 8 and North Zone is 10 7, except Gulf Coast Zone is 8 and North Zone is 10. (f) Shooting and hawking hours are from one-half hour before sunrise to sunset daily. (g) In the Central Flyway High Plains Mallard Management Unit, the season length may be extended 12 additional days in the restrictive alternative and 23 additional days in the moderate and liberal alternatives; additional days must be on or after the Saturday nearest December 10. (h) In the Pacific Flyway Columbia Basin Mallard Management Unit, the season length may be extended 7 additional days in the restrictive and moderate alternatives. (i) Additional species-specific restrictions may be established in the authorization conditions. (j) Duck season regulatory alternatives are fixed for a period of not less than 5 years. § 20.119 Establishing the authorization conditions. (a) The authorization conditions will be determined using available biological and habitat information and decision frameworks. A list of current decision frameworks is posted on the Service's website with the Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum. The Service will apply available biological and habitat information to the relevant decision framework for that species and will announce the outcomes as the authorization conditions within which States and Tribes may establish their migratory game bird hunting regulations in accordance with the regulations in this part and other applicable Federal regulations. (b) Consistent with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the authorization conditions for any migratory game bird season must: (1) Not start prior to September 1; (2) Not end after March 10, except the season for ducks, mergansers, and coots may not end later than January 31 (16 U.S.C. 704(c)(1)(B)); and (3) Not exceed 107 days. (c) The Service and Flyway Councils may establish decision frameworks for the determination of authorization conditions that are more restrictive than the provisions in the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. § 20.121 Notification of the authorization conditions. (a) The Service will communicate the authorization conditions in the Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum. The memorandum and any supporting documentation will be made publicly available in the Federal Register (b) The Service may update the Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum and notice of availability annually if changes are prescribed by decision frameworks. Updates would occur no later than February 28 of each calendar year. If the Service does not issue a new memorandum and notice of availability by February 28, then the authorization conditions in the most recent memorandum will remain in effect. (c) The notice of availability will open a public comment period of not less than 30 days. The Service may revise the Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum based on public comment and, if so, the revised memorandum will be made publicly available in the Federal Register § 20.123 Special and experimental seasons. (a) Special seasons authorize additional hunting opportunity outside the regular season but within the 107-day limit mandated by the MBTA. Special seasons are authorized to promote harvest of underutilized species, address overabundance of nuisance species, or provide special hunting opportunities. Experimental seasons are authorized to evaluate expansion of regular and special seasons to new areas, evaluate use of zones and splits, or evaluate alternative seasons. (b) Special or experimental season requests may be made by the Flyway Council(s) or requested by a State. Requests must be submitted by September 1 prior to the requested hunting season. If the Service approves a special or experimental season, it will be authorized in the Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum. (c) To approve special and experimental seasons, the Service must find: (1) The Flyway Council(s) where the hunting will take place endorse the special or experimental season; (2) Species migration and distribution provide sufficient hunting opportunity outside the regular season; (3) There is no or negligible impact to nontarget species; and (4) Authorizations are consistent with existing environmental compliance determinations. (d) Approved experimental seasons may be valid for up to 5 years, after which a new request must be submitted. The Service may require implementing States to collect data for at least 3 years to assess the environmental effects of special or experimental seasons, including effects on target and nontarget species. § 20.125 Requirements for States. (a) States may authorize migratory game bird hunting provided the State establishes hunting regulations in accordance with Federal authorization conditions and regulations. State hunting regulations must be at least as restrictive as the Federal authorization conditions and regulations. Hunting that occurs outside the State regulations or Federal authorization conditions and regulations constitutes a violation of Federal law pursuant to § 20.71. (b) No later than May 31 of each calendar year, States must submit their proposed migratory game bird hunting regulations implementing the Federal authorization conditions to the Service's Migratory Bird Program for review. (c) Areas and zones for which open seasons are specified in a State's hunting regulations must be described, delineated, and designated as such in each State's hunting regulations, and these areas must also be included in the Migratory Game Bird Hunting Memorandum. (d) Unless otherwise specified, States may establish hunting seasons by zones as defined in § 20.107. Zones for certain duck seasons (and associated youth and veterans-active military waterfowl hunting days, gallinule seasons, and snipe seasons) and dove seasons must comply with Federal zone and split-season configurations. Changes among configurations may occur in the first year of the 5-year period that it would apply and according to the following guidelines: (1) States seeking to change their duck or dove hunting zone and split-season configuration selection must provide their selection and zone descriptions to the Service by August 31 of the year prior to the 5-year interval during which they would apply. (2) States with approved special case arrangements to change their zone and split-season configuration must conform to the current configurations and may not revert to the special case arrangements that they previously had in place. (3) Only minor (less than one county in size) zone boundary changes will be allowed for any special case arrangement, and such changes are allowed only in the first year of the 5-year period during which it would apply. (4) Minor (less than one county in size) zone boundary changes may be allowed for any State to resolve law enforcement or other boundary clarification issues resulting from implication of a new configuration. Changes will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and must be approved by the respective Flyway Council and the Service Migratory Bird Regulations Committee. (5) Consideration of changes for management-unit boundaries is not subject to the guidelines and provisions governing the use of zones and split seasons for ducks and doves. (d) States may issue hunting permits for migratory game bird hunting at levels predicted to result in the amount of take authorized by the authorization conditions. Federally authorized, State-issued hunting permits are valid only for the individual whose name and address appears on the hunting permit and must specify a take authorization. (e) States may select 2 days per duck-hunting zone, designated as “Youth Waterfowl Hunting Days,” and 2 days per duck-hunting zone, designated as “Veterans and Active Military Personnel Waterfowl Hunting Days,” in addition to their regular duck seasons. (1) The days may be held concurrently or may be nonconsecutive. Days may be held up to 14 days before or after any regular duck-season bracket dates in the authorization conditions or within any split of a regular duck season, or within any other open season on migratory game birds. Youth Waterfowl Hunting Days must be held outside any regular duck season on weekends, holidays, or other non-school days when youth hunters would have the maximum opportunity to participate. (2) Youth hunters must be younger than 18 years of age. States may specify a more restrictive age definition. An adult 18 years of age or older must accompany the youth hunter into the field. This adult may not duck hunt but may participate in other seasons that are open on the special youth day. Permitted species may be taken only by participants possessing applicable hunting permits. (3) Veterans (as defined in 38 U.S.C. 101) and members of the U.S. Armed Forces on active duty, including members of the National Guard and Reserves on active duty (other than for training), may participate. Permitted species may be taken only by participants possessing applicable hunting permits. § 20.127 Requirements for hunters. (a) Any individual hunting must comply with the regulations in this part, Federal authorization conditions, and any applicable State or Tribal hunting regulations. Violation of any applicable Federal, State, Tribal, or local law or regulation is a violation of Federal law pursuant to § 20.71 and § 20.72. (b) Any individual hunting under a federally authorized, State-issued hunting permit must adhere to the provisions of the hunting permit, Federal regulations, and State regulations. The hunting permit must be carried by the permittee when exercising the provisions of the hunting permit and must be presented to any law enforcement officer upon request. The hunting permit specifies the individual's name and address. The hunting permit is not transferable or assignable to any other person, and may not be sold, bartered, traded, or otherwise provided to any other person. The hunting permit will be invalid if it is altered or defaced in any way. § 20.129 Service Migratory Bird Regulations Committee. (a) Purpose. (b) Notice of meetings. (c) Public observation and written comment. § 20.130 Flyway Councils. Notice of each meeting of a Flyway Council to be attended by any official of the Department of the Interior will be announced online on the Service's Migratory Bird Program website at least 2 weeks before the meeting or as soon as practicable after the Department of the Interior learns of the meeting. The notice will state the time, place, and general subject(s) of the meeting. Subpart L—Administrative and Miscellaneous Provisions § 20.131 Extension of seasons. Whenever the Secretary shall find that emergency State action to prevent forest fires in any extensive area has resulted in the shortening of the season during which the hunting of any species of migratory game bird is permitted and that compensatory extension or reopening the hunting season for such birds will not result in a diminution of the abundance of birds to any greater extent than that contemplated for the original hunting season, the hunting season for the birds so affected may, subject to all other provisions of this subchapter, be extended or reopened by the Secretary upon request of the chief officer of the agency of the State exercising administration over wildlife resources. The length of the extended or reopened season in no event shall exceed the number of days during which hunting has been so prohibited. The extended or reopened season will be publicly announced. § 20.132 Subsistence use in Alaska. In Alaska, any person may, for subsistence purposes, take, possess, and transport, in any manner, from September 1 through April 1, snowy owls and cormorants for food and their skins for clothing, but birds and their parts may not be sold or offered for sale. [68 FR 43027, July 21, 2003] § 20.133 Hunting regulations for crows. (a) Crows may be taken, possessed, transported, exported, or imported, only in accordance with such laws or regulations as may be prescribed by a State or Tribe pursuant to this section. (b) Except in the State of Hawaii, where take of crows is prohibited, States and Tribes may by statute or regulation prescribe a hunting season for crows. Such State and Tribal statutes or regulations may set forth the method of taking, the bag and possession limits, the dates and duration of the hunting season, and such other regulations as may be deemed appropriate, subject to the following limitations for each State or Tribe: (1) Crows must not be hunted from aircraft; (2) The hunting season or seasons on crows must not exceed a total of 124 days during a calendar year; (3) Hunting must not be permitted during the peak crow nesting period within a State; and (4) Crows may be taken only by firearms, bow and arrow, and falconry. [91 FR 55815, Aug. 31, 2026] § 20.134 Approval of nontoxic shot types and shot coatings. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service conducts a process to approve shot material determined not to impose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds and other wildlife or their habitats. The regulations in this section set forth the approval process. Upon receipt of an application and supporting data submitted in accordance with this section, the Service will review the application materials together with all other relevant available evidence, including public comment. If the Director concludes that the spent shot material will not present a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds and other wildlife or their habitats, we will add the shot material to the list of approved nontoxic shot materials at 50 CFR 20.21(j). (a) Information collection approval. et seq. (b) Limitations on nontoxic shot type approval. (1) Before we will approve any shot type or shot coating as nontoxic, a shotshell loaded with the shot type or coated shot must be demonstrated to be identifiable as not being lead in a portable field testing device for use by enforcement officers. (2) The testing device can be regular magnets, rare-earth magnets, or the “HOT*SHOT” field-testing device from Stream Systems of Concord, CA. We will consider other field-testing devices that may be readily available to law enforcement officers. (c) Application submission and review. (d) Tier 1 application fee. (e) Tier 1 application. (1) Provide a statement of how you propose to use the candidate material in creating waterfowl hunting shotshells. (2) Provide a description of the chemical composition of the material comprising the shot. (i) Provide the chemical names, Chemical Abstracts Service numbers (consult the American Chemical Society), and structures of the components of the shot. (ii) Provide a chemical characterization for organics and organometallics for the core and/or coating, including the empirical formula, melting point, molecular weight, solubility, specific gravity, partition coefficients, hydrolysis half-life, leaching rate in water and in soil, degradation half-life, vapor pressure, stability, and other relevant characteristics for each component. (iii) Provide data on the composition, weight, and sectional density of the shot material. (iv) Provide data on the thickness, quantity in milligrams (mg) per shot, and chemical composition of any coating on the shot. (3) Provide documentation that the shot can be readily identified as nontoxic with a standard field shotshell testing device. (4) Provide a statement of the hardness of the candidate shot type and the method used to determine the hardness. (5) Provide a statement of the expected variability of shot during production. (6) Provide an estimate of yearly volume of candidate shot type and/or coated shot expected to be produced for use in hunting migratory birds in the United States. (7) Provide 5 pounds (approximately 2.18 kilograms (kg)) of the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating in size equivalent to U.S. standard size No. 4 of 0.13 inches (approximately 3.3 millimeters (mm)) in diameter. (i) We or an independent laboratory may analyze the composition of the shot or the shot coating. (ii) We will reject your application if the composition of the shot or shot coating differs substantially from what you describe in your application. (f) Toxicological effects. (1) Provide a summary of the acute and chronic toxicity data of the metals or compounds in the shot or the shot coating, ranking the toxicity of each. Use the following criteria to assess the toxicity of the shot or shot coating. These criteria are based on the estimated median lethal dose of the candidate shot type or shot coating. That is, the statistically derived single dose estimate of the candidate material that can be expected to cause death in 50 percent of the animals tested (LD50). If the LD50 is the material is considered no more than 5 mg/kg, super toxic. over 5 to 50 mg/kg, extremely toxic. over 50 to 500 mg/kg, very toxic. over 500 to 5,000 mg/kg, moderately toxic. over 5,000 to 15,000 mg/kg, slightly toxic. over 15,000 mg/kg, nontoxic. (2) Provide a summary of known acute, chronic, and reproductive toxicological data of the chemicals comprising the shot or shot coating with respect to birds, particularly waterfowl. Include LD50 or LC50 (concentrations in water lethal to 50 percent of test populations) data, and sublethal effects, with citations. (3) Provide a narrative description, with citations to relevant data, predicting the toxic effect in waterfowl of complete erosion and absorption of one shot or coated shot in a 24-hour period. Define the nature of the toxic effect, such as mortality, impaired reproduction, substantial weight loss, disorientation, or other relevant associated clinical observations. (4) Provide a statement with supporting rationale and citations to relevant data about whether ingestion of the shot or shot coating by invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, or mammals is cause for concern. If there is a recognized impact on invertebrates, fish, amphibians, reptiles, or mammals, we reserve the right to require additional study of the shot or shot coating. (g) Environmental fate and transport. (1) Provide a statement describing any chemical or physical alteration of the shot and shot coating upon firing. (2) Provide an estimate of the environmental half-life of the organic or organometallic components of the shot and shot coating, and a description of the chemical form of the breakdown products of the component(s). (3) For each metal or other component of the shot or shot coating, determine the Estimated Environmental Concentration (EEC). (i) Determine the EEC in a terrestrial ecosystem if 69,000 U.S. standard size No. 4 shot of 0.13 in (3.3 mm) in diameter are completely dissolved in 1 hectare (ha) (107,639 square feet (ft 2 (ii) Determine the EEC in an aquatic ecosystem if 69,000 U.S. standard size No. 4 shot of 0.13 in (3.3 mm) in diameter are completely dissolved in 1 ha, or 107,639 ft 2 (4) Conduct a risk assessment using the Quotient Method. Calculate the risk of the submitted shot material, the EEC/the Toxicological Level of Concern. For example, compare the EEC in parts per million (p/m) to an effect level such as the LD50 in p/m. Use the following criteria to assess the risk of the components of the shot or shot coating. If the risk ratio is then less than 0.1, adverse effects are not likely. 0.1 to 10.0, adverse effects are possible. greater than 10.0, adverse effects are likely. (h) In vitro evaluation. (1) Test materials. (2) Test procedures. (i) Add hydrochloric acid and pepsin to each capped test tube at a volume and concentration that will erode a single U.S. No. 4 lead shot at the rate of 5 mg per day. (ii) Place three test tubes, each containing lead shot, steel shot, or the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating in an aluminum block on the stirring hot plate. Add a Teflon®-coated magnet to each test tube and set the hot plate at 42 degrees Centigrade and 500 revolutions per minute. (iii) Determine the erosion of shot or shot with the proposed coating daily for 14 consecutive days by weighing the shot and analyzing the digestion solution with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. (iv) Replicate the 14-day procedure five times. (3) Test analyses. (i) Tier 1 application review. 2 (j) Approval after Tier 1 testing. (1) After receipt of payment, we will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register (2) If, after considering public comment on the proposed rule, we conclude that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will approve the shot or coating as nontoxic with publication of a final rule in the Federal Register (k) Additional testing. (1) We will inform you that we consider the Tier 1 test results to be inconclusive. We will request Tier 2, and possibly Tier 3, testing before we evaluate the shot any further. (2) If you choose not to do further testing, we will deny approval of the candidate shot type or shot coating. (l) Tier 2 application fee. (m) Tier 2 testing. (n) Tier 2 plan review. (o) Tier 2 in vivo evaluation. (1) Test materials. (2) Test procedures. (i) House the mallards individually in pens and give them unrestricted access to food and water. (ii) After 3 weeks, randomly assign them to 3 groups of 10 males and 10 females per group. Dose each duck with 8 pellets of either U.S. No. 4 lead shot (positive control), steel shot (negative control), or the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating. (iii) Fluoroscope each bird at 1 week after dosing to check for shot retention. (iv) For 30 days, observe the birds daily for signs of intoxication and mortality. (v) Determine the body weight for each bird at the time of dosing and at days 15 and 30. (vi) On days 15 and 30, collect blood by venipuncture and determine hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, and other measures of blood chemistry. (vii) Euthanize all survivors on day 30. Remove the liver and other appropriate organs from each bird and those from birds that died prior to day 30. (viii) Analyze the organs for lead and compounds contained in the candidate shot type or shot with the proposed coating. (ix) Perform a necropsy of all birds to determine any gross and/or microscopic pathological conditions. (x) Weigh all recovered shot and determine shot erosion. (3) Test analyses. (i) Analyze mortality among the specified groups with appropriate statistical procedures, such as chi-square, with α β (ii) Analyze physiological data and tissue contaminant data by analysis of variance or other appropriate statistical procedures to include the factors of shot type and sex, with α β (iii) Compare euthanized birds and birds that died prior to day 30 whenever sample sizes are adequate for meaningful comparison. (p) Daphnia and fish early-life toxicity tests. (1) The first test, the Daphnia ( Daphnia species (2) The second test, the Daphnia Chronic Toxicity Test, must be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 797.1330. It provides data on the chronic toxicity of chemical substances in which Daphnia are exposed to a chemical in a renewal or flow-through system. The data from this test also are used to assess the hazard that the compound(s) may present to an aquatic environment. (3) The third test, the Fish Early-Life-Stage Toxicity Test, must be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 797.1600. It assesses the adverse effects of chemical substances to fish in the early stages of their growth and development. Data from this test also are used to determine hazards of the compound(s) in an aquatic environment. (q) Evaluation of Tier 2 testing. (r) Approval after Tier 2 testing. (1) After receipt of payment, we will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register (2) If, at the end of the comment period, we conclude that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will approve the shot or coating as nontoxic with publication of a final rule in the Federal Register (s) Additional testing. (t) Tier 3 application fee. (u) Tier 3 testing. (1) We will not approve the plan, or any part of it, if we deem it deficient in any manner with regard to timing, format, or content. We will tell you what parts, if any, of the submitted testing procedure to disregard, and any modifications to incorporate into the Tier 3 plan needed for us to approve it. (2) After acceptance of the plan, you may conduct the Tier 3 testing. You must ensure that copies of the raw data and the statistical analyses accompany the laboratory reports and final comprehensive report on this test. (i) Chronic toxicity test. (A) Test materials. (B) Test procedures. 1 ( 2 ( 3 ( 4 ( 5 ( 6 ( 7 ( 8 ( 9 ( 10 (C) Test analyses. 1 α β ( 2 α β ( 3 (ii) Chronic dosing study. (A) Test materials. (B) Test procedures. 1 ( 2 ( 3 ( 4 ( 5 ( 6 ( 7 ( 8 ( 9 ( 10 ( 11 ( 12 ( 13 ( 14 ( 15 ( 16 ( 17 (C) Test analyses. t α β (v) Evaluation of Tier 3 testing. (w) Approval after Tier 3 testing. (1) After receipt of payment, we will publish a proposed rule in the Federal Register (2) If, at the end of the comment period, we conclude that the shot or shot coating does not pose a significant toxicity danger to migratory birds, other wildlife, or their habitats, we will approve the shot or coating as nontoxic with publication of a final rule in the Federal Register (x) Additional testing after Tier 3. (y) Denial after Tier 3 testing. (z) Withdrawal of the approval of a shot type or shot coating. (1) We may consult the Service Law Enforcement Laboratory to determine whether any particular shot type or shot coating is readily detectable in the field by law enforcement officers. If the shot type is not readily detectable in the field, we will give the shotshell producer 180 days to remedy the situation by improving either the shot or the detection method. (2) We may consider new evidence, consistent with the provisions of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Information Quality Act (Pub. L. 106-554, 2001; Office of Management and Budget Guidance, 67 FR 8452-8460, February 22, 2002) that shows that an approved shot type or shot coating has significant environmental effects or direct toxicological effects that were not known when we approved the shot type or shot coating. (3) After the 180-day period for a shot type that cannot be tested in the field (see paragraph (z)(1) of this section), or at any time after we learn of significant environmental effects or direct toxicological effects, we will publish a notice in the Federal Register [78 FR 78280, Dec. 26, 2013] Subparts M-N [Reserved]

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