The City of Auckland, New Zealand, 1840-1920

Postscript Reception of H.R.H. The Prince of Wales at the Town Hall, April 24th, 1920 The event which opened this section of Auckland’s annals was the visit of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, who are now the reigning sovereigns. It is fitting, therefore, to close it with the visit of their son and heir, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, in 1920. The visit was the outcome of a promise made by His Majesty the King that the Prince would visit the Dominions as a token of appreciation of the spirit of loyalty and unity displayed by the whole Empire during the war. H.M.S. Renown (26,500 tons) conveyed the Royal visitor on his tour, and arrived in the Waitemata Harbour on April 24th. The voyage from North Head was a wonderful water pageant, craft of every sort and size taking part in it. The Prince first set foot on New Zealand at Auckland, and was welcomed by the Governor-General (Admiral Lord Jellicoe), the Prime Minister (the Rt. Hon. W. F. Massey, P.C.), the Mayor (Mr. J. H. Gunson), and the Chairman of the Harbour Board (Mr. H. D. Heather). He then paid an official call on the Governor-General, and later made a triumphal journey along Queen Street to the Town Hall, where the Mayor and citizens formally welcomed His Royal Highness to the city and delivered to him a loyal address. In the afternoon a military review was held in the Domain in the presence of the Prince. The following day was Anzac Day, and the 1920 commemoration will be long remembered on account of the Prince joining in the service to honour the heroes of the Gallipoli expedition. On Monday His Royal Highness attended the Auckland Domain, where the school children of the city were marshalled into groups, forming the word “Welcome” and a living Union Jack, and as the Prince passed among the children the enthusiasm was unprecedented. In the afternoon the Royal visitor attended a race meeting at Ellerslie, specially arranged in honour of his visit, and at night he was present at an “At Home” in the Town Hall, where he was again received with enthusiasm. Thus ended the official part of the Prince’s visit, but owing to the railwaymen’s strike he spent a few days privately in the city. Postscript The task which the writer undertook has now been accomplished. Its imperfections are such as inevitably accompany a first attempt to write a local history. Other hands, he hopes, will repair what omissions he has made. In spite of its shortcomings, he feels some little satisfaction in having had the opportunity of contributing a stone to the building of Auckland’s history. Looking back over the brief period which comprehends the city’s career, no citizen of Auckland but should be proud of the progress—social, economic and commercial, which has been made; it is a record of difficulties successfully overcome, and of advancement, despite many handicaps. Appendix I The Name of Auckland The City of Auckland is generally stated to have been named after Lord Auckland by Governor Hobson, but, as a rule, no authority for the statement appears in any of the books relating to the subject. As already shown from Hobson’s despatch, dated 10th November, 1840, the Governor chose the name himself. So far, so good. What was his reason for doing so? I exhausted every possible source of information at my command, and failed to obtain any satisfaction. Learning from Mr. Horace Fildes, of Wellington, that Dr. Guy H. Scholefield had, while in England, been given access by the Hobson family to the late Governor’s papers, and from these had written a biography (which, unfortunately, is still in manuscript), I communicated with him on the question of the naming of the city, and specifically inquired if he had seen any document or paper giving in Hobson’s own words his reasons for the name which he bestowed upon the capital. Dr. Scholefield courteously looked through his MS. and replied as follows:— “I have come across the volume and looked carefully through it for what you want. Here it is, roughly. Having been idle for some years after returning from the West Indies, Hobson applied to the First Lord (Sir James Graham), recounting his services and asking for employment. This was shelved, but in June, 1834, Lord Auckland came to the Admiralty, and in December he gave Hobson command of the Rattlesnake , with orders to proceed to the East Indies (the cruise which brought him first to New Zealand). Hobson wrote thanking Auckland for his patronage, and Auckland replied a few days later:— “‘I am glad to know from you that your appointment to the Rattlesnake is so satisfactory to you, and can assure you that it was highly pleasing to me to give the service the advantage of having you again in active employment.’ ( Private letter in possession of Hobson’s family ). “While Hobson was on the East Indies station Auckland was himself appointed Governor-General of India. Troubles with Burma for months, and even for years, made it seem that an expedition would be necessary, and both before and after the Australian cruise, Hobson had been instructed to be ready for this, as he would be senior naval officer on the station. Finally, Hobson’s time came to return to England, and the instructions were handed over to another captain. In his letters to his wife at this period, which I have copied, but cannot find just now, Hobson frequently refers in terms of gratitude to Auckland’s kindly interest. At one time he expected a naval appointment at Bombay worth £2000 a year, which he compared with a ‘factorship’ in New Zealand or a governorship of Port Philip, which he surveyed. His conclusion was rather in favour of the latter. “In my chapter on Hobson’s character, I refer to his frequent acknowledgments of the kindly interest of three men, Sir Lawrence Halsted, Lord Auckland and the Duke of Clarence. He has commemorated them and others in the nomenclature of Australia and New Zealand, wherever he had a chance. ‘Believe me,’ he writes to his wife in 1836, regarding the kindly interest of Lord Auckland, ‘many a valuable officer pines in obscurity merely because he has no friends to bring his merits into notice.’ The friendship of Lord Auckland was well recognised, for an acquaintance once asked him to exert his influence on behalf of his own son-in-law. ‘It would gratify me beyond measure,’ he writes to Mrs. Hobson in reply ‘to be the means of pushing his son-in-law forward, but to write to Lord Auckland, as —— wishes me to do, to ask his Lordship’s interest on behalf of another, merely because he befriended me, is so absurd a thing that I cannot help wondering how any rational man could propose it.’ “I hope that this may be sufficient to fix the responsibility for the name of Auckland. There can be no historical doubt as to its origin, and the reason for it.” Appendix II Population of the City of Auckland Year. Population. 1840 — 1841 1,500 (estimated) 1842 2,895 1843 2,522 1844 2,754 1858 6,283 1861 7,989 1864 12,423 1867 11,153 1871 12,937 1874 12,775 1878 13,758 1881 16,664 1886 33,161 1891 28,613 1896 31,424 1901 34,213 1906 37,736 1911 40,536 1916 64,951 1921 83,467 The population of the City and suburbs in 1921 was 158,000. Appendix III Table Showing Imports and Exports at the Port of Auckland: 1853-1920 Year. Imports. Exports. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1853 253,926 12  8 148,724 19  0 1854 336,697 19  4 156,645  3 11 1855 358,540 13 11 146,593 19  6 1856 259,294  9  5 100,380  2  4 1857 314,327  6  2 81,052 18  4 1858 334,386  2  1 74,382  2 4¼ 1859 399,972  0  0 72,012  0  0 1860 454,311  0  0 78,164  0  0 1861 591,468  0  0 57,673  0  0 1862 815,205  0  0 72,354  0  0 1863 959,219  0  0 195,228  0  0 1864 2,219,287  0  0 329,243  0  0 1865 1,842,416  0  0 292,802  0  0 1866 1,092,399  0  0 215,393  0  0 1867 777,667  0  0 291,557  0  0 1868 799,926  0  0 398,974  0  0 1869 1,357,326  0  0 736,086  0  0 1870 1,296,940  0  0 861,675  0  0 1871 937,655  0  0 1,601,763  0  0 1872 1,190,008  0  0 740,234  0  0 1873 1,422,395  0  0 832,997  0  0 1874 1,546,438  0  0 633,656  0  0 1875 1,558,355  0  0 695,418  0  0 1876 1,232,881  0  0 674,003  0  0 1877 1,136,316  0  0 734,336  0  0 1878 1,408,823  0  0 544,112  0  0 1879 1,476,325  0  0 551,849  0  0 1880 1,242,871  0  0 758,271  0  0 1881 1,490,124  0  0 813,113  0  0 1882 1,911,606  0  0 975,301  0  0 1883 1,916,241  0  0 1,067,326  0  0 1884 1,978,945  0  0 835,424  0  0 1885 1,857,655  0  0 1,035,125  0  0 1886 1,720,898  0  0 581,881  0  0 1887 1,401,379  0  0 986,712  0  0 1888 1,403,664  0  0 933,958  0  0 1889 1,363,131  0  0 1,042,087  0  0 1890 1,385,959  0  0 1,237,600  0  0 1891 1,595,036  0  0 1,218,321  0  0 1892 1,642,686  0  0 1,214,878  0  0 1893 1,487,827  0  0 1,256,450  0  0 1894 1,562,434  0  0 1,174,920  0  0 1895 1,592,558  0  0 1,302,075  0  0 1896 1,960,570  0  0 1,276,035  0  0 1897 2,132,477  0  0 1,365,040  0  0 1872 1,190,008  0  0 740,234  0  0 1898 2,187,128  0  0 1,676,152  0  0 1899 2,211,719  0  0 1,860,604  0  0 1900 2,617,329  0  0 2,068,361  0  0 1901 3,023,566  0  0 1,922,792  0  0 1902 3,087,460  0  0 2,091,016  0  0 1903 3,167,185  0  0 2,501,605  0  0 1904 3,248,163  0  0 2,512,938  0  0 1905 3,156,470  0  0 2,643,495  0  0 1906 3,591,342  0  0 3,168,927  0  0 1907 4,533,999  0  0 3,472,405  0  0 1908 4,671,295  0  0 2,900,551  0  0 1909 4,333,857  0  0 3,371,407  0  0 1910 4,741,326  0  0 3,960,655  0  0 1911 5,650,734  0  0 3,280,878  0  0 1912 6,398,533  0  0 3,381,938  0  0 1913 6,610,745  0  0 4,024,740  0  0 1914 6,548,880  0  0 4,062,530  0  0 1915 6,494,462  0  0 5,407,074  0  0 1916 7,362,778  0  0 5,894,787  0  0 1917 6,413,477  0  0 5,712,467  0  0 1918 7,217,732  0  0 6,022,514  0  0 1919 9,567,409  0  0 9,847,296  0  0 1920 18,732,082  0  0 9,383,603  0  0 FOOTNOTES: [1] Known also as Toi-Kai-rakau. [2] One-taunga (Mooring’s beach) [3] Subsequently the first Maori king. [4] The marriage of Kati with Matere Toha, brought about in accordance with ancient Maori custom, was designed to perpetuate the peace made between the Northern and the local tribes. The high rank of both Kati and Matere Toha, and their personal influence and worth, made the union a great success from the diplomatic standpoint. The marriage was one of the epoch-making events of local Maori history, and was a happy consummation to all the events that had gone before. Kati and his wife lived and died at Mangere. At their death they were interred in the old cemetery near by the venerable church which was erected by the Maoris on the Mangere hillside in those far-off days as a token of the advent of Christianity among their people. [5] He was made an archdeacon in September, 1844. [6] See Appendix I re name of city. [7] Captain William Cornwallis Symonds; [8] John Johnston, M.D.; [9] Captain David Rough; [10] William Mason; [11] George Clarke, jun.; [12] Felton Mathew. (Captain Rough states in his reminiscences—published in the Supplement to the New Zealand Herald of January 11, 18 and 25, 1896, that Mr. E. Williams, Native Interpreter, was also of the company of officials). [13] “Poenamo,” p. 316. [14] “Poenamo,” pp. 337-40. [15] This house, known as Acacia Cottage, was built by the late Sir John Logan Campbell with his own hands, and was occupied by him for many years. It has now been removed to Cornwall Park. [16] P. 157. [17] At the Old Colonists’ Reunion, which takes place annually, the oldest survivor of the passengers by this ship is presented with a gift of five pounds. [18] He was not made a knight until 1848. [19] “Auckland, the Capital of New Zealand and the Country Adjacent,” 1853. Pp. 28-30. [20] The gaol was moved to the Mount Eden location in 1856. [21] Albert Barracks occupied the area bounded by Kitchener Street as far as Victoria Street, then followed an irregular line to Symonds Street at the point where Grafton Road now intersects, thence along Symonds Street to O’Rorke Street, and back on a line bordering Wellesley Street to the starting point at Kitchener Street. In 1871 the Barracks were transferred from the Government to the City Corporation. [22] The actual area was 21 acres 1 rood 27 perches. [23] “Further Papers Relative to New Zealand,” 1854. P. 243. [24] Coromandel. [25] “Auckland ... and the Country Adjacent” [Swainson], P. 87. [26] Ibid. P. 89. [27] I am indebted for much of the information in this section to Will Lawson’s “Steam in the Southern Pacific.” 1909. [28] Originally The Auckland College and Grammar School. [29] The National Efficiency Board consisted of Messrs. W. Ferguson (Wellington), Chairman, W. D. Hunt (Otago), James Frostick (Canterbury) and J. H. Gunson (Auckland). Index ABATTOIRS, 204 ACACIA Cottage, 51 ADELAIDE, Melbourne and Otago S.N. Co., 118 ADMIRALTY House built by Harbour Board, 189 ADMIRALTY House, old, used as University College 162 AFRICA, Russian Cruiser , visited Auckland, 157 AGRICULTURE, State of, in early ’50s, 89 ; Progress of, 183 AHURIRI, steamer , 116 ALAMEDA, steamer , 169-70 ALBERT Barracks, Description of, 82-3 ; Used as Grammar School, 129 ALBERT Cars used for city and suburban travelling, 105 ALBERT Street Congregational Church, 138 ALDINGA, steamer , 119 ALEXANDRA Convalescent Home, 210 ALEXANDRA Street P. Methodist Church, 138 ALFRED, Prince. See Edinburgh , Duke of ALHAMBRA, steamer , 119 ALL SAINTS Church, Ponsonby, 134 AMALGAMATION of suburban districts with city, 182 AMUSEMENTS in early ’fifties, 84-5 ANNA, proposed township of, 53 ANNA WATSON, ship , 38-9 ARAWA, steamer , 170 ARCHER, H.M.S. , 189 ARCH HILL amalgamated with city, 144 ARMISTICE, 1918, 231 ARROWSMITH, W., bequeathed £23,000 to Orphan Home and Mrs. Cowie’s Women’s Home 210 ART Gallery. See Public Library, Art Gallery, etc. ATKINSON, H. W., presented park to city, 202 AUCKLAND Chronicle and N.Z. Colonist, newspaper , 62 AUCKLAND (city), Founded by Captain Hobson, 35-42 ; Named by Captain Hobson, 37 , 236-8 ; Boundaries, 1840, 43 ; 1851, 80 ; 1871, 144 ; 1921, 145 ; In 1842, 47-8 ; First plan made by Felton Mathew, 50 ; Its features, 51 ; Threatened by Maoris, 57 ; In early ’50s, 80-90 ; Threatened invasion by natives in 1851, 90-2 ; Takes defensive measures at outbreak of Maori trouble, 98 ; Adult male population conscripted, 100 ; Blockhouses for defence erected during Maori wars, 101 ; Militia ordered on active service, 101 ; Amalgamated with adjacent districts, 144-5 ; Population, 239 . See also City Council . AUCKLAND City Council. See City Council ; Municipal Government . AUCKLAND-ONEHUNGA Railway line opened, 103 AUCKLAND Provincial Council, 96 ; Library transferred to Public Library, 147 AUCKLAND Provincial Patriotic and War Relief Association, 223-4 AUCKLAND Railway Station, 103 AUCKLAND Standard, newspaper , 62 AUCKLAND Star, newspaper , 66-7 AUCKLAND Steam Packet Company, 117 AUCKLAND Timber Company’s mill burned, 167 AUCKLAND Times, newspaper , 62-3 AUCKLAND Vaudeville Employee’s Association equip Children’s Hospital as a War Memorial 73 AUCKLAND Weekly News, newspaper , 65 AUCKLAND-WELLINGTON railway inaugurated, 104 AUSTRALIAN Squadron, Visit of, 189 AUSTRALIA, steamer , 169 AZUMA, Japanese warship , Visit of, 191 BADEN-POWELL, Lt.-Gen., Sir R. S. S., Visit of, 187-8 BALCLUTHA, steamer , 117 BANK of Auckland, 109 BANK of Australasia, 110 BANK of New South Wales, 108 BANK of New Zealand 108-9 , 143 BANKS, 70-1 , 108-10 , 174 , 214 BAPTIST Church, 136-7 BATHS, 203 BERESFORD Street Congregational Church, 138 BIRDWOOD, Gen. Sir W. R., Visit of, 228 BLOCKHOUSES erected around Auckland for defence, 101 BOER War. See South African War . BONITE, French warship , crew of, assist at fire, 1865, 121-2 BOOM, 141 BOROUGH of Auckland incorporated, 77-8 BOUNDARIES of the city, 43 , 80 , 144-5 BOWEN, Sir G. F., welcomed Duke of Edinburgh to Auckland, 127 BOYS’ Institute, 177 BREAKWATER, 152 BRETT, H. M. presented pipe organ to Town Hall, 207 BRITISH KING, steamer , 170 BRITOMART Barracks, 82-3 BRITOMART, H.M. Brig , visited the Waitemata, 43 BRITOMART Point, named after H.M. brig Britomart , 43 ; Demolition of, 153 BUILDINGS, Early 44-5 , 81-2 , 120 BUSSES used for city and suburban travelling, 105 BUTCHERS’ strike, 218 BYCROFT’S fire, 196 CALIFORNIA Line, 168 CALLIOPE Dock opened, 155 ; Disaster in, 198 CALLIOPE, H.M.S. , 155 CAMPBELL, Sir J. Logan settled on the Waitemata, 42 ; His pioneering experiences, 44 ; Describes the social and economic conditions of the ’40s, 45-7 ; Welcomed Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, 183 ; Presented Cornwall Park, 183 ; Resumé of his life 184-6 CANADIAN Government Merchant Marine, 215 CANADIAN Raider, steamer 215 CAPITAL, Auckland selected as site of, 35-42 ; N.Z. Company’s opposition, 38 ; Removed to Wellington, 38 , 107 CENSUS. See Population . CHALLENGER, H.M.S. , 126 CHORAL Hall, 176 ; Incorporated in University College, 161-2 CHURCHES, 67-9 , 133-40 CHURCH of England 67-8 , 133-4 CHURCH of S. Francis de Sales, 135 CHURCH of the Holy Sepulchre, 134 CIRCULAR Saw Line, 113-4 CITY Chambers burned, 193 CITY COUNCIL. Auckland made first borough in N.Z., 77-8 ; Its history, 1851-70, 77-9 ; Its history, continued, 1900-20, 199-207 ; Constituted under Municipal Corporations Act, 144 ; Finances and valuation, 207 CITY, of, Melbourne, steamer , 118 , 169 CITY of New York, steamer 169 CITY of San Francisco, steamer , 169 CITY of Sydney, steamer , 169 CLARK, A., elected first Mayor of Auckland, 78 CLAUD Hamilton, steamer 118 CLAYMORE, steamer , rams Kapanui , 198 COACHES, Travel by, 104 COAL discovered in the Waikato and Kawakawa, 102 COASTAL Steamer Service, 115-7 COLIMA, steamer , 169 COLONIAL Bank of Issue, 70 COMMERCE, 70 , 89 , 174-6 , 183 COMMERCE Street Fire, 1901, 192 COMMERCIAL Bank of Australia, 214 COMPULSORY, military service of adult male population of Auckland, 100 CONGREGATIONAL Church, 138 CONSTITUTION Act passed, 95 CORIO, steamer , 116 CORNWALL and York, Visit of Duke and Duchess of, 183-4 CORNWALL Park, 184 , 186 COROMANDEL Goldfields 93-5 COROMANDEL Steamship Co., 171 COSTLEY, E., Bequest of, 177 COSTLEY Home, 74 , 177 COST of Living, 1841, 48-49 ; 1851, 86-7 COURT, J., equipped children’s playground, 201 CRAIG, J. J. (Ltd.), Stables burned, 195 CUSTOMS Street Fire, 1901, 192 CYPHRENES, steamer , 169 DACOTAH, steamer , 168 DAVIS Cup Contest, 1920, 231 DEVONPORT Steam Ferry Co., 105 DIAMOND, H.M.S. , 155-6 DILWORTH, J., Bequest of 177 DISTRICT Court utilised by Grammar School, 129 ; Used as University College, 162 DOMAIN improvements made from Exhibition funds, 213-4 DRAINAGE, 203 DRIVER, H.M.S. , first steamer to arrive at Auckland, 75 DUCHESS of Argyle, ship 53-4 DUKE of Edinburgh, steamer , 116 EASTERN Outlet Scheme, 200 ECONOMIC Conditions of the ’40s described by Dr. J. Logan Campbell, 45-7 ; In the early ’50s, 87-90 EDEN Terrace amalgamated with city, 144 EDINBURGH, Visit of Duke of, 125-9 EDUCATION, 157-164 EIGHT Hours’ Demonstration, 176 18 TH (ROYAL IRISH) Regiment leaves Auckland for England, 107 ; Formed Guard of Honour to Duke of Edinburgh, 127 ELAM, J. E., Bequest of, 150 ELECTRICITY for lighting and power, 204 ELINGAMITE, steamer , wrecked, 196-7 ELLIOTT Street Fire, 1911, 194 ENDEAN’S Buildings burned, 194 ENTERPRISE, ferry steamer , 105 ENTERPRISE No. 2, ferry steamer , 106 EPSOM, Cultivation at, 48 ; Proposed township of, 52-3 ; First race meeting held at, 71 ; Amalgamated with city, 144 ; Military training camp located at, 221 EPSOM Girls’ Grammar School, 131 EUROPEAN War, 1914-9, 219-26 EVENING News, newspaper , 66 EXECUTION, First, 72 EXHIBITIONS, 1873, 159 ; 1898-9, 175-6 ; 1913, 211-4 FAIRFIELD Shipbuilding Co., 169 FAVOURITE, steamer , 117 FERRIES, 105 58 TH REGIMENT, 96 ; Assisted at fire, 122 FINANCES of City, 207 FINANCIAL Crisis, 141-3 FIRES, 75 ; 120-4 ; 135 ; 164-7 ; 192-6 FISHER, A., Visit of, 189 FITZROY, Governor R., absorbs unemployed on road making, 55 ; Visited Maori Festival, 59 ; Recalled, 57 FLAGSTAFF Hill, original name of Point Britomart, 43 FLEET Week, 189-90 FLY, H.M.S. , 92 FORT Street Fire, 164-5 FRANKLIN Road P. Methodist Church, 138 FRENCH Mission, Visit of, 227 GALATEA, H.M.S. , 126 GALES, 1866, 124 ; 1874, 167-8 ; 1918, 232 GAOL, 82 GAS Lighting introduced, 124-5 GILLIES, Judge T. B., endowed two scholarships at University College, 164 GIRLS’ College united with Grammar School, 130 GIRLS’ Grammar School, 130-1 GLEESON’S Buildings, Fire in, 195 GOLD discovered in Auckland Province, 89 , 93 ; First sale of, 94 GOLDEN Crown, steamer , 117 GORE-BROWN, Sir T., makes arrangements for defence of Auckland at outbreak of Maori dispute, 98 GORE Street Wharf 152 , 154 GOVERNMENT Buildings destroyed by fire, 165 GOVERNMENT House burned, 76 GOVERNMENT Officers, First, 40-1 GOVERNMENT Records lost by wreck of White Swan , 118 GOVERNOR Wynyard, first steamer built in New Zealand, 112 GRAFTON Bridge, 200-1 GRAFTON district amalgamated with city, 144 GRAFTON Road Wesleyan Church, 137 GRAHAM, Robert, his description of Auckland in 1842, 47-8 GRAMMAR School, 129-31 GRAND Hotel Fire, 193 GREY, Sir G., Resumé of his life, 58 ; Statue unveiled by Lord Plunket, 59 ; Suppressed threatened invasion of Auckland, 90 ; Opened new Grammar School, 130 ; Presented his collection of books, etc., to citizens, 145-6 , 147 ; Introduced denominational schools, 158 GREYHOUND Hotel burned, 1863, 122 GREY Lynn amalgamated with city, 144 GUNSON, J. H., opened additions to Art Gallery building and Old Colonists’ Museum, 150 ; Received O.B.E. and C.B.E. 224 GUNSON, Mrs. received O.B.E., 224 HALL, Mr., runs steamer service, 169 HAMILTON, Sir Ian, Visit of, 189 HARBOUR Board 143 , 151-5 , 207 HARRIER, H.M.S. , 120 HEKE, Hone, proposes to attack Auckland, 60 HEKE’S Rebellion, 57 HELPING Hand Mission 137 HENDERSON and McFarlane’s Fires, 1865, 123 ; 1873, 166 HIGH Street Fires, 1858, 121 ; 1904, 193 HOBSON, Captain W., founded City of Auckland, 35-42 ; Gave name to Auckland City, 37 and 236-8 ; Took up official residence in Auckland, 41 ; Became Governor, 41 ; Died and buried at Auckland, 41 ; Laid foundation stone of St. Paul’s Church, 67 HOBSON Street Wharf, 154 HOLMAN, W. A., Visit of 189 HOSPITAL, 72-4 , 177 , 187 HOUSE, First wooden, built in Auckland, 51 HOUSE of Representatives. See Parliament . HOUSING, Municipal, 205 HUDDART Parker Company, 215 IMMIGRANTS and Immigration, 53 , 54 , 55 , 142 IMPERIAL Regiments leave Auckland, 107 INDUSTRIAL Disputes, 216-9 INFLUENZA Epidemic, 1918, 229-31 INSTITUTE and Museum. See Museum and Institute . INTER-COLONIAL R.M.S. Co., 117-8 INTER-COLONIAL Steamer Services, 117 INTER-PROVINCIAL Steamer Service, 118 IRIS, H.M.S. , 99 IROQUOIS, ship , Crew of, render help at fire, 167 ISLINGTON, Baron, opened Town Hall, 206 IWATE, Japanese warship , Visit of, 191 JACOB’S Ladder, 151 JANE Gifford, barque , 53-4 JELLICOE, Lord, 191 JERVOIS, Sir W. F. D., opened Savings Bank’s new premises, 71 ; Opened Calliope Dock, 155 ; Opened University College, 162 JOCKEYS’ Strike, 218 JUBILEE Institute for the Blind, 177-8 JUNO, first merchant steamer to reach Auckland, 75 KAPANUI, steamer , wrecked 198 KARANGAHAPE Highway District amalgamated with the city, 144 KARRAKATTA, H.M.S. , 189 KENNY, Lieut.-Col., mentioned in Governor’s des patch in connection with Maori invasion, 1851, 92 ; Placed in command of settlement at Onehunga, 99 KIA-ORA, steamer , wrecked, 198 KITCHENER, Earl, Visit of 187 KNOX, Mrs., bequeathed £70,000 to charities, 210 , 211 KOHIMARAMA Conference, 1860, 98 KORORAREKA, Destruction of, 57 LABOUR, 176 LABOUR Day Demonstration, 176 LAND Sales, 50-2 , 88 LAND, Speculation in, 142-3 LEGISLATIVE Council. See Parliament . LESLIE Presbyterian Orphanage, 211 LEYS, T. W., and University College, 163 ; LL.D. conferred by McGill University, Toronto, 163-4 LEYS Institute, 208-9 LIVERPOOL, Earl of, opened new Grammar School, 131 ; Opened Myers Kindergarten, 202 ; Opened Exhibition, 1913, 212 LIZARD, H.M.S. ., 189 LUCKIE, D.M., printed a fictitious report describing the capture of Auckland by a Russian man-of-war, 156 LUCKNER, Commander von, and other German prisoners escaped from Motuihi, 221-2 MACDONALD, Sir Hector, Visit of, 186-7 MACEDONIA, steamer , 215 McKECHNIE, E. A., bequeathed books to Public Library, 148 McKECHNIE, Mrs. E. A., Bequest of, 207 MACKELVIE, J. T., presented books to Public Library, 148 ; Bequeathed his art collection and funds to establish a Museum of Fine Art, 149 MACKY, Logan, Caldwell and Co.’s Fire, 194 McLACHLAN, J. M., bequeathed Cornwallis Park to the city, 202 MAKETU Hanged, 72 MAKURA, steamer , 215 MALCOLM, Messrs., Fire starts in premises of, 1866, 123-4 MAMARI, steamer , Accident to, 198 MANUKAU Steamship Co., 171 MAORI Battalion welcomed home, 226-7 MAORI Chapel utilised by Grammar School, 129 MAORI Festival, Remuera, 59 MAORI Police, 92 MAORI Traders, 86 , 89 , 115 MAORI Wars, 1860-64, 97-101 MARAMA, steamer , 214-5 MARAROA, steamer , 169 MARIPOSA, steamer 169 , 170 MARITIME Strike, 1890, 176 MARKETS, 146 , 204 MASON, W., Bequest of, 178 MATHEW, F., Surveyor -General favoured Tamaki for site of capital, 35-6 ; Selected site for settlement on the Waitemata, 39 ; Made first plan of city, 50 MAYOR—A. Clark elected first, 73 MECHANICS’ Institute and Library, 75 , 146 ; Conducted courses of lectures and classes, 159 ; Promoted an exhibition, 159 MEREDITH, Mr., and his son murdered, 100 METHODIST Church of New Zealand, 138 MIKADO, steamer , 169 MILITIA, Auckland, ordered on active service, 101 MOA, scow , 222 MOA, ship , 112 MOANA, steamer , 170 MONGOL, steamer , 169 MONGOLIA, steamer , 215 MONOWAI, steamer , 170 MOORE, J., printer of early newspapers, 62 MORNING News, newspaper , 66 MORRIN & Co.’s fire, 1858, 122 MORRIN, T. & S., Warehouse of, burned, 193 MOSES Taylor, steamer , 168 MUNICIPAL Government. Auckland made first borough in New Zealand, 77-8 ; Urgency of, 145 . See also City Council . MUSEUM and Institute 132-3 , 208 MYERS, Hon. A. M. presented park and kindergarten, 201-2 ; Presented clock to Town Hall, 207 NATIONAL Bank of N.Z., 174 NATIONAL Efficiency Board, 224 NEBRASKA, steamer , 168 NELSON, steamer , 118 NEVADA, steamer , 168 NEWSPAPERS, 61-7 NEWTON Congregational Church, 138 NEW Ulster, Province of, abolished, 95 NEW Zealand Banking Co., 70 NEW Zealand Company oppose choice of Auckland as capital, 38 NEW Zealander, newspaper 64 NEW Zealand Herald, newspaper , 64-6 NEW Zealand Herald and Auckland Gazette, newspaper , 61-2 NEW ZEALAND, H.M.S. , 190-1 NEW Zealand Insurance Company, 110-1 NEW Zealand proclaimed independent of New South Wales, 41 NEW Zealand Shipping Company, 170-1 NEW Zealand Steam Navigation Company, 118 NGAKAPA, Threatened invasion of Auckland led by, 90 NGAWIKI apprehended for theft, 90 NIAGARA, steamer , 229 NIGER, H.M. steam frigate 99 NIHOTUPU Dam, 203 NIXON, Lieut.-Col., placed in command, Otahuhu, 99 NORTHERN Steamship Co. 171 NOVELTY, barque , built by Mr. Niccol, 113 OCEANIC Company, 169 OLD Colonists’ Association 54 OLD Colonists’ Museum. See Public Library, Art Gallery and Old Colonists’ Museum . ONSLOW, Earl of, opened Costley Home, 74 ORIENTAL Bank Corporation, 108 O’RORKE, Sir G. M., and University College, 162 ORPHAN Home bequeathed £12,150 by E. Costley, 177 ; Bequeathed £11,000 by W. Arrowsmith, 210 ORPHEUS, H.M.S. , wrecked on Manukau Bar, 119-20 OSPREY Inn burned, 1858 121 P. & O. Company, 215 PACIFIC Mail Company, 169 PALOONA, steamer , 215 PANAMA, N.Z. and Australian Line, 114 , 117 PANMURE recommended as site of capital by Felton Mathew, 35 PARKS, 201-2 PARLIAMENT Building, 97 ; Acquired by University College, 162 PARLIAMENT opens its maiden session at Auckland, 96 PARNELL originally designed for suburban allotments, 51-2 ; Laid out as township, 52-3 ; Amalgamated with city, 144 PARNELL Hill pierced by railway tunnel, 103 PARTRIDGE, H. E., presented Lindauer Collection to Art Gallery, 223 PAU, General, Visit of, 227 PEACE Celebrations, 1919, 224-5 PENGUIN, H.M.S. , 189 PENNY Savings Bank inaugurated, 71 PENSIONERS, 91 PHILSON, Dr. F. M., first medical officer of Auckland, 72 PHOEBE, H.M.S. , 189 PHOENIX Foundry burned, 167 PITT Street Wesleyan Church, 137 PLATINA, barque , 39 PLUNKET, Lord, unveiled statue of Sir Geo. Grey, 59 ; Laid foundation stone of Technical College, 160 ; Opened Jubilee Institute for the Blind, 178 ; Unveiled statue of Sir J. Logan Campbell, 186 POINT Britomart. See Britomart Point . POINT Chevalier amalgamated with city, 145 PONSONBY amalgamated with city, 144 POPULATION, 1841-2, 53 ; 1851, 80 ; 1853, 87 ; 1861-67, 107-8 ; 1871-96, 141-2 ; 1901-21, 182 ; Table of, 239 POST Office Fire, 165 POTATAU (Te Wherowhero) and other Maori chiefs decline to join Hone Heke in attacking Auckland, 60-1 PRESBYTERIAN Church, 68-9 , 135-6 PRESBYTERY of Auckland formed, 69 PRIMITIVE Methodist Church, 138 PRINCE Alfred, steamer 116-7 PRINCESS Mary Hospital for Children, 73 PROVISIONS, 1841, 49 ; 1851, 86 PUBLIC Library, Art Gallery and Old Colonists’ Museum, 115 , 125 ; Description of, 146-50 , 177 , 223 QUAY Street Jetty, 154 QUEEN Carnival, 223 QUEEN, steamer , 118 QUEEN Street Fires, 1866, 123-4 ; 1873, 165-6 ; 1876, 166-7 QUEEN Street Wharf 152 , 153-4 QUEEN Victoria School for Maori Girls, Foundation stone of, laid, 184 RACE Meeting, First held in New Zealand, 71 RAILWAY Strike, 218 RAILWAYS, 103 RANFURLY, Earl of, opened Exhibition, 1898-9, 176 ; Unveiled statue of Queen Victoria, 180 ; Opened Veterans’ Home, 181 RANGATIRA, steamer , 116 , 117 RANGER, revenue cutter , 36 RECLAMATION of foreshores, 151 , 152-3 REGATTA, First held at Auckland, 40 REMUERA, Maori Festival held at, 59 ; Amalgamated with city, 144 RENOWN, H.M.S. , 233 RENTS and Lodgings, 1841, 49 ; 1851, 86 RICHARDSON, Brig.-Gen. G. S., welcomed home 227-8 RING, C., discovers gold at Coromandel, 93-4 RINGAROOMA, H.M.S. , 189 ROAD Making in the ’40s 55-6 ROADS, 199 ROMAN Catholic Church 68 , 134-5 ROUGH, Capt. D., appointed Harbour Master at Waitemata, 36 ; Immigration Agent, 54 ; Superintendent of Works, 55-6 ROYAL Albert, steamer , 116 ROYAL Arthur, H.M.S., 189 ROYAL Irish Regiment. See 18th (Royal Irish) Regiment . ROYAL Regiment of Artillery Band, 213 RUAPEKAPEKA, Capture of, 60 RUBY, steamer , wrecked, 173 SAILOR’S Home, 177 ST. ANDREW’S Presbyterian Church, 69 ST. ANDREW’S School used as Grammar School, 130 ST. BENEDICT’S Church, 135 ST. DAVID’S Presbyterian Church, 136 ST. GEORGE, ship , 54 ST. JAMES’ Presbyterian Church, 136 ST. MARY’S Pro-Cathedral, 133-4 ST. MATTHEW’S Church, 133 ST. PATRICK’S Cathedral, 68 ST. PAUL’S Church, 67 SAVINGS Bank, 70-1 ; Contributed £10,000 towards cost of Technical Col-building, 160 SCHOOL of Art established by will of Dr. J. E. Elam, 150 SCHOOLS, Primary, 158 SCOTTISH Element in Auckland traceable to the immigrants by the Duchess of Argyle and Jane Gifford , 54 SECCOMBE’S Well supplied city with water, 145 SEDDON Memorial Technical College. See Technical College . SELWYN, Bishop, arrived in Auckland, 67 ; Consecrated St. Paul’s Church, 67 ; Dedicated St. Mary’s Pro-Cathedral, 134 SEWERAGE, 203 SHAW, F., presented collection of books to Public Library, 148 SHAW, H., presented collection of books to Public Library, 148 SHAW, Savill and Albion Line, 171 SHIPBUILDING, 111-12 SHIPPING 75 , 88 , 113-9 , 168-71 214-6 SHIPWRECKS and Disasters, 116 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 172-3 , 196-9 SHORTLAND Street Fire, 1919, 196 SIERRA, steamer , 170 SIXTY-FIFTH Regiment, 99 SLUMP. See Financial Crisis . SMITH, S. Hague, commenced a steamer service 116 SMITH, Mr. and Mrs. W. H., presented Convalescent Home, 210 SOCIAL Conditions described by Dr. J. Logan Campbell, 45-7 SOCIAL Life in the early ’50s, 84-5 SOCIETY of Arts, Mrs. McKechnie bequeathed £2500 to erect a gallery, 207 SOLDIERS’ Club, 228 SONOMA steamer , 170 SOUTH African War, 180-1 SOUTH British Insurance Co., 174 SOUTHERN CROSS, newspaper , 63-4 ; Printed fictitious report describing the capture of Auckland by a Russian man-of-war 156 SPARROW, H.M.S. , 189 SPECULATION precipitated financial crisis, 142-3 SPENSER, brig , 114 SPORT. See also Amusements . SPRAGG, W., presented Kaiterakihe Park to the city, 202 STAR of the South, steamer , 171 STOCKS for petty criminals, 45 STORMBIRD, steamer , 118 STRAND Arcade Burned, 194 STRIKES, 176 , 216-9 SUBMARINE Minefield discovered between North Cape and Cape Maria van Diemen, 222 ; Wrecked steamer Wimmera , 199 SUPREME Court, 72 SWIMMING Baths, 203 SYMONDS Street Cemetery, 41 SYNAGOGUE, 138-9 TABERNACLE, 137 TAKAPUNA, ferry steamer , 106 TAMAKI suggested as site of capital by Rev. H. Williams, 35 TARTAR, steamer , 169 TASMANIA, steamer , wrecked, 173 TECHNICAL College, 160-1 TECHNICAL Education 159-61 TECHNICAL School, 160 TELEGRAPH, Electric, 101-2 TERRY, Charles, quoted 48-9 TE WHEROWHERO. See Potatau . THAMES Hotel Fire, 1919, 196 THISTLE Hotel Burned, 1863, 122 TOWN Hall, 205-7 TRADES and Labour Council founded, 176 TRADE Unions, 176 TRAMS, Electric, 204 TRAMS, Horse, 146 TRAMWAYS Dispute, 218 TRANSPORTATION, 103-6 TRUST, Mr., Two sons of, murdered, 100 TYSER Line, 171 UNEMPLOYMENT, 55 , 107 UNION Bank of Australia 71 UNIONISM, 176 UNION Sash and Door Co.’s Fire, 167 UNION Steamship Co. 169 , 214-5 , 216 UNITED States Navy, Visit of, 189-90 UNIVERSITY College acquired Old Parliament building, 97 ; Historical note, 161-4 VALUATIONS, City, 207 VASCO de Gama, steamer , 169 VENTURA, steamer , 170 VETERANS’ Home, 181 VICTORIA, ferry steamer , 106 VICTORIA, Queen, Diamond Jubilee of, 178 VIRAGO, H.M.S. , 126 WAGES, 1841, 49 ; 1851, 86 WAIRARAPA, steamer , wrecked, 172-3 WAIRAU, Massacre at, 57 WAITAKERE Dam, 203 WAITEMATA, ferry steamer , 105 WAITEMATA suggested as site of capital by Rev. H. Williams, 35 WALES, Visit of Prince of, 219 , 232-3 WALLAROO, H.M.S. , 189 WATERFRONT, Original state of, 43-4 WATER Supply, 145 , 203 WEATHER, 124 , 167-8 , 232 WEBB and Holladay, Messrs., 168 WELLESLEY Street Fire, 1873, 165-6 WELLINGTON, steamer , 118 WELLINGTON Steamship Co., 115 WESLEYAN Church, 69 , 137 WESTERN Springs Purchased, 145 WESTMINSTER, ship , 55 WHARVES, 81 , 151-4 WHITE Star Line, 171 WHITE Swan, steamer , 118 WILLIAM Denny, steamer 117 WILLIAMS, Rev. H., recommended the Tamaki or Waitemata as site of capital, 35 WILLIAMS, steamer , 117 WILL o’ the Wisp, ship , 114 WIMMERA, steamer , wrecked, 199 WINDSOR Terrace, proposed township of, 53 WONGA WONGA, coastal steamer , 115-6 , 120 WONGA WONGA, Pacific steamer , 118 WYNYARD Pier, 152 Y.M.C.A. 122 , 139 , 160 Y.W.C.A. 139-40 ZEALANDIA, steamer , 169 , 215 ZINGARI, steamer , 118

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