German Atrocities from German Evidence

Transcriber’s Notes Plate 13. Are we to understand from this that these dead bodies had been mutilated in fair fight torn to pieces for example by shells? It may be; but this would be a kindly interpretation which the documents ( Plates 14 and 15 ) disprove: Here is a fac simile on a reduced scale from a newspaper picked up in the German trenches, the Jauersches Tageblatt of the 18 th October 1914. Jauer is a town in Silesia, about 50 kilometres west of Breslau; two battalions of the 154th regiment of the Saxon Infantry are stationed there. One Sunday ( Sonntag, den 18 Oktober ) no doubt at the hour when the inhabitants with their women and children were going to church, this local newspaper was distributed in the peaceful little town and in the hamlets and villages of the district, bearing these headlines. EIN TAG DER EHRE FÜR UNSER REGIMENT. 24 SEPTEMBER 1914. ( A day of honour for our Regiment. 24 th September 1914. ) It is the title of an article of two hundred lines, sent from the front by a soldier of the regiment. Non-commissioned-officer Klemt. 1. Komp. Infanterie Reg t 154. Klemt tells how on the 24 th of September his regiment which had left Hannonville in the morning and supported on the march by Austrian batteries was suddenly received by a double fire from artillery and infantry. The losses were enormous. And yet the enemy was invisible. At last, however, it was seen that the firing came from above, from trees where French soldiers were posted. From now on I shall no longer summarise, but quote. ( Plate 16 ). We brought them down like squirrels, and gave them a warm reception, with blows of the butt and the bayonet: they no longer need doctors; we are no longer fighting loyal enemies, but treacherous brigands. [28] Plate 14. “By leaps and bounds we got across the clearing. They were here, there, and everywhere hidden in the thicket. Now it is down with the enemy! And we will give them no quarter. Every one shoots standing, a few, a very few fire kneeling. No one tries to take shelter. We reach a little depression in the ground: here the red trousers dead or wounded lie on a heap ground. We knock ‘down’ or bayonet the wounded, for we know that those scoundrels fire at our backs when we have gone by. There was a Frenchman there stretched out, full length, face down, pretending to be dead. A kick from a strong fusilier soon taught him that we were there. Turning round, he asked for quarter, but we answered: “Is that the way your tools work, you,—” and he was nailed to the ground. Close to me I heard odd cracking sounds. They were blows from a gun on the bald head of a Frenchman which a private of the 154 th was dealing out vigorously; he was wisely using a French gun so as not to break his own. Tenderhearted souls are so kind to the French wounded that they finish them with a bullet, but others give them as many thrusts and blows as they can. Plate 15. “Our adversaries had fought bravely, we had to contend with picked men; they let us get within thirty, even ten metres of them—too near. Sacks and arms thrown away in quantities showed that they had try to run, but at the sight of the “grey phantoms” fear paralyzed them, and on the narrow path they had to take, German bullets brought them the word of command, Halt . At the entry into the screen of branches, there they lay groaning and crying for quarter. But whether wounded slightly or severely, the brave fusiliers spare their country the cost of caring for many enemies.” The narrative goes on, full of literary ornaments. The writer reports that H. R. H. Prince Oscar of Prussia who had been told of these brave deeds (perhaps too of others) of the 154 th regiment, and of the regiment of grenadiers who were brigaded with the 154 th declared that they were both worthy of the name of Königsbrigade , and ends up with this sentence “When evening came, after a prayer of thanksgiving we fell asleep in the expectation of the morrow”. Then the author having added as a postscript a few more touches in verse takes his composition to his lieutenant, who affixes his seal thereupon. Certified to be exact De Niem, Leutnant und Kompagnie-Führer. Then he addresses his article to the town of Jauer, where he is sure that an editor will accept it, compositors will print it, and an entire population will delight in it. Plate 16. Now, I ask my reader, no matter of what nationality: can he imagine such an article being printed in his own language, in the town in which he lives, and read by his wife and children? In what country, except Germany is such a thing conceivable? Not in France, at least. Here is still one further convincing proof of how usual it is for the German army to mutilate the wounded. It is taken ( Plates 17 and 18 ) from the diary of P te Paul Glöde, of the 9 th Battalion of the Pioneers (IX Corps): “12 th August 1914. In Belgium.—It is easy to imagine the state of fury of our soldiers, when you see the villages that have been destroyed. There is not one house left undamaged. All eatables are requisitioned by the soldiers no longer commanded. We have seen heaps of dead men and women who had been executed after trial. But the righteous anger of our soldiers goes hand in hand with sheer vandalism. In some villages which had already been deserted they “set up the red cock” on all the houses (burnt them). The inhabitants sadden me. If they use disloyal weapons, after all they are but defending their country. The atrocities that these civilians have been and are guilty of are avenged in a savage manner. Mutilation of the wounded is the order of the day. ” [29] This was written on the 12 th of August, only eight days after innocent Belgium had been invaded, and the wounded who were tortured were only defending, against Germany that land, their native land which Germany had sworn to respect and if necessary to defend. But in many a country, the Pharisees who having read these lines will calmly go to their churches or Chapels, their bank-parlours or their chancelleries murmuring: “In what way do these things concern me? Ja, Ja , it is war”. Plate 17. Plate 18. Yes, it is war, but a war such as was never waged by the soldiers of Marceau, nor ever will be waged by the soldiers of Joffre, such as never has been nor ever will be waged by France, “mother of the arts, of arms and of law”. Yes, it is war, but such as even Attila would not have waged, had he agreed to certain engagements, for, to agree to them would have been to awake to the conception which alone distinguishes the civilized man from the barbarian—the nation from the horde—the respect of the given word.—Yes, it is war, but a war whose insolent principles could be constructed only by pedantic megalomaniacs, the Julius von Hartmanns, the Bernhardis, the Treitschkes; principles that presume to authorize the people elect to blot out from the laws and customs of war all the humanity that centuries of Christianity and chivalry have with difficulty introduced; principles of systematic ferocity, the odious side of which is already obvious enough; but still more the senseless and ridiculous side. Is it not indeed ridiculous that they should be already obliged to deny it at least in words,—they the burners of Louvain, Malines and Reims, they the assassins of women, children, and wounded men! and that they should have imposed upon their slavish ninety-three Kulturträger the denials which we know so well: “It is not true, say they, that we wage war contrary to the laws of nations, and our soldiers do not commit acts of indiscipline or cruelty [30] ”, and again: “We will carry on this war to the bitter end as a civilised people, for this we will answer in our name and on our honour”. Why this pitiful and humble denial? Perhaps because their theory of war presupposes as a postulate their invincibility, and as at the first shudder of their defeat on the Marne it collapsed, they now repudiate it at the first threat of retaliations. I shall draw no conclusion: the allied armies who are marching on towards victory will do that. ADDITIONAL NOTE General Stenger’s order of the day, mentioned on page 29 was communicated orally by various officers in various units of the brigade. Consequently the form in which we have received it may possibly be incomplete or altered. In face of any doubt, the French government has ordered an enquiry to be made in the prisoners’ Camps. Not one of the prisoners to whom our magistrates presented the order of the day in the above mentioned form found a word to alter. They one and all declared that this was the order of the day which had been orally given in the ranks, repeated from man to man; many added the names of the officers who had communicated the order to them; some related in what a vile way it had been carried out under their eyes. All the evidence of these German soldiers was collected in a legal manner, under the sanction of an oath, and it is after reading their depositions that I wrote the order of the day. The text of all this evidence was transmitted to all the French embassies and legations in foreign countries on the 24 th of Oct. 1914. Every neutral wishing to clear his conscience is at liberty to obtain it from the representatives of the French Republic who will certainly respond willingly. Imp. de Vaugirard, H.-L. Motti , dir., 12-13, Impasse Ronsin, Paris. FOOTNOTES [1] Seizures foreseen and authorised by art. 4 of the Hague Convention of 1907. [2] «[Die Einwohner sind geflüchtet im Dorf. Da sa es] gräulich aus. Das Blut glebt an alle Baute, und was sa man für Gesichter, grässlich sa alles aus. Es wurde sofort sämtliche Tote, die Zahl 60, sofort beerdigt. Fiele alte Frauen, Väter, und eine Frau, welche in Entbindung stand, grauenhaft alles anzusehen. 3 Kinder hatten sich zusammengefast und sind gestorbe. Altar und Decken sind eingestürzt. Hatte auch Telefon-Verbindung mit dem Feind. Und heut morgen, den 2. 9., da wurden sämtliche Einwohner hinausgetrieben, so sah ich auch 4 Knaben, die eine Wiege trugen auf 2 Stäben mit einem kleinen Kinde 5-6 Monat alt. Schrecklich alles mitanzusehen. Schuss auf Schuss! Donner auf Donner! Alles wird geplündert ... ( on the verso :) Mutter mit ihren beiden Kinder, der eine hatte eine grosse Wunde am Kopf und ein Auge verloren.» [3] «3. 9. 1914. Creil. Die Brücke (eiserne) gesprengt. Dafür Strassen in Brand gesteckt, Civilisten erschossen.» [4] «3. 9. 1914. Ein schreckliches Blutbad, Dorf abgebrannt, die Franzosen in die brennenden Häuser geworfen, Zivilpersonen alles mitverbrandt.» [5] «Kurz vor Diest liegt das Dorf Schaffen. Hier hatten sich gegen 50 Civilisten auf dem Kirchturm versteckt und schossen von hier aus auf unsere Truppen mit einem Maschinengewehr. Sämtliche Civilisten wurden erschossen.» [6] It may be incidentally mentioned, and merely for greater precision, that the 1 st Report of the Belgian Commission enumerates some of the “civilians” killed at Schaffen on the 18 th of August. Amongst others “the wife of François Luyckz, aged 45 with her daughter aged twelve who were found in a ditch and shot ” and “the daughter of one Jean Oogen, aged nine who was shot” and one André Willem, the sacristan who was tied to a tree and burnt alive ”. [7] «26. 8. 1914. Das wunderschöne Dorf Gué-d’Hossus soll ganz unschuldig in Flammen gegangen sein. Ein Radfahrer soll gestürzt sein und dabei sein Gewehr losgegangen, gleich ist auf ihn geschossen worden. Man hat männliche Einwohner einfach in die Flammen geworfen. Solche Scheusslichkeiten kommen hoffentlich nicht wieder vor.» [8] «Wir besetzen nach Durchbrechen einer Mauer das Haus eines anscheinend wohlsituirten Einwohners vorn an der Maas. Nachdem ich durch ein Labyrinth ... (two words illegible) bis in das vorderste gedrungen war, traf ich in (?) an der Schwelle auf die Leiche des Besitzers. In den Räumen hatten unsre Leute bereits wie die Vandalen gehaust. Alles war durchstöbert worden. Der Anblick den die überall umherliegender Leichen der Erschossenen Einwohner geben spottet jeder Beschreibung. Die Nachschüsse haben meist den Schädel halb weggerissen. Jedes Haus im ganzen Tale ist durchstöbert w[orden] u[nd] dabei einige d[er] Einwohner aus den unmöglichsten Schlupfwinkeln hervorgezogen. Männer erschossen. Frauen und Kinder ins Kloster. Aus diesem wurde heraus geschossen: beinahe wäre deshalb das Kloster in Brand gesteckt w[orden]. Nur durch Auslieferung der Schuldigen und Zahl[un]g von 15.000 francs konnte es sich lösen.» [9] «Gleich am Eingange lagen ca. 50 erschossene Bürger, die meuchlings auf unsre Truppen gefeuert hatten. Im Laufe der Nacht wurden noch viele erschossen, sodass wir über 200 zählen konnten. Frauen und Kinder, die Lampe in der Hand, mussten dem entsetzlichen Schauspiele zusehen. Wir assen dann immitten der Leichen unsern Reis, seit Morgen hatten wir nichts gegessen.» [10] «Les habitants de la ville d’Andenne, après avoir protesté de leurs intentions pacifiques, out fait une surprise traître sur nos troupes. C’est avec mon consentement que le Général en chef a fait brûler toute la localité et que cent personnes environ ont été fusillées.» The Belgian Report questions whether the inhabitants of Andenne committed any hostile acts against German troops, and adds: «In reality, more than 200 persons were shot. Everything almost is ravaged. The houses have been burnt over a distance of nine miles.» [11] «Celui qui n’obtempère pas de suite au commandement «Levez les bras!» se rend coupable ( sic ) de la peine de mort.» [12] «A l’avenir, les localités les plus rapprochées de l’endroit où de pareils faits (destructions de voies ferrées et de lignes télégraphiques) se sont passées,— peu importe qu’elles soient complices ou non —seront punies sans miséricorde. A cette fin, des otages ont été emmenés de toutes les localités voisines des voies ferrées menacées par de pareilles attaques, et, à la première tentative de détruire les voies de chemin de fer, les lignes télégraphiques ou du téléphone, ils seront immédiatement fusillés.» [13] «Langewiller, 22. Dorf durch die 11. Pioniere zerstört. 3 Frauen an den Bäumen erhängt: hier die ersten Tote gesehen.» [14] «So haben wir 8 Häuser mit den Einwohnern vernichtet. Aus einem Hause wurden allein 2 Männer mit ihren Frauen und ein 18 jähriges Mädchen erstochen. Das Mädel konnte mir leid tun, den[n] sie machte solch unschuldigen Blick, aber man konnte gegen die aufgeregte Menge nicht[s] ausrichten, denn dann sind es keine Menschen, sonder[n] Tiere.» [15] «Sämtliche Civilpersonen werden verhaftet. Eine Frau wurde verschossen, weil sie auf « Halt » Rufen nicht hielt, sondern ausreissen wollte. Hierauf Verbrennen der ganzen Ortschaft.» [16] «Aus der Stadt wurden 300 erschossen. Die die Salve überlebten mussten Totengräber sein. Das war ein Anblick der Weiber, aber es geht nicht anders. Auf dem Verfolgungsmarsch nach Wilot ging es besser. Die Einwohner, die verziehen wollten, konnten sich nach Wunsch ergeben, wo sie wollten. Aber der schoss, der wurde erschossen. Als wir aus Owele marschierten, knatterten die Gewehre: aber da gab es Feuer, Weiber, und Alles.» [17] The meaning of this sentence may perhaps be: «but there, fire, women and everything.» [18] «Hier hatten Belgier auf deutsche Soldaten geschossen, und gingen wir sofort daran den Güterbahnhof zu plündern. Einige Kisten: Eier, Hemden, und alles was zum essen war wurde aus den Kisten herausgeschlagen ... Der eiserne Geldschrank wurde eingeschlagen und das Gold unter die Leute geteilt, Werthpapiere wurden zerrissen.» [19] «23. 8. 1914. Der Feind hat das Dorf Bièvre besetzt und den Waldrand dahinter. Die 3. Kompagnie ging in 1. Linie vor. Wir stürmten das Dorf, plünderten und brannten fast sämtliche Häuser nieder.» [20] «24. 8. 1914. Haybes. Hier kamen wir in das erste Gefecht (Dorfgefecht). Das 2. Bataillon hinein in das Dorf, die Häuser untersucht, geplündert, und wo herausgeschossen wurde, abgebrannt.» [21] «10. 8. 1914. Parie ( sic ) das erste Dorf verbrannt, dann gings los: 1 Dorf nach dem andern in Flammen; über Feld und Acker mit Rad his wir an Strassengraben kamen, wo wir dann Kirschen assen.» [22] «5. 10. 1914. Ein Auto kommt ins Lazarett und bringt Kriegsbeute: 1 Klavier, 2 Nähmaschinen, viele Alben, und allerlei sonstige Sachen.» [23] «Hier hatte gestern die 6. Kompagnie gehaust, nicht als Soldaten sondern als gemeine Diebe. Einbrecher und Räuber, die eine Unehre für unser Regiment und unser Heer sind. Schon vorher hatten unsre Truppen Champs halb zerstört.» [24] «Schlimm sind die Pioniere; die Artillerie, eine Räuberbande.» [25] «Leider muss ich ein Vorkommnis mitteilen, das nicht hätte stattfinden sollen und dürfen. Aber es gibt auch in unserm Heere entmensch[t]e Kerle, Schweinhunde, denen nichts heilig ist. Ein solcher hat in die mit dem Schlüssel verschlossene Sakristei, in der das Allerheiligste stand und in welcher ein Protestant aus Ehrfurcht vor demselben sich nicht schlafen legte, einen grossen Kaktus gesetzt. Wie kann es solche Menschen geben? In der vorigen Nacht hat ein mehr als 35jähriger Landwehrmann, verheiratet, die noch junge Tochter seines Quartierwirtes vergewaltigen wollen; dem Vater, der dazu kam setzte er das Bayonett auf die Brust.» [26] «Einschlagen von Granaten in die Häuser. Abends Feldgesang: Nun danket alle Gott .» [27] «Im Wald, eine sehr schöne Kuh nebst Kalb angeschossen gefunden: und wieder franz. Leichen schrecklich verstümmelt.» [28] Is there any need to remark that it is no more “treacherous” than it is lawful to shoot from the bows of a tree than from a window or from the bottom of a trench? On the contrary, the rest of the narrative will moreover prove it, it is as courageous as it is dangerous. [29] «[Von der Wut der Soldaten kann man sich ein Bild machen, wenn man die zerstörten] Dörfer sieht. Kein Hans ist mehr ganz. Alles essbare wird von einzelnen Soldaten requiriert. Mehrere Haufen Menschen sah man, die standrechtlich erschossen wurden. Kleine Schweinchen liefen umher und suchten ihre Mutter. Hunde lagen an der Kette und hatten nichts zu fressen und zu saufen und über ihnen brannten die Häuser. «Neben der gerechten Wut der Soldaten schreitet aber auch purer Vandalismus. In ganz leeren Dörfer setzen sie den roten Hahn ganz willkürlich auf die Häuser. Mir tun [die] Leute leit. [Wenn] sie auch unfaire Waffen gebrauchen, so verteidigen sie doch nur ihr Vaterland. Die Grausamkeiten die verübt wurden und noch werden von seiten der Bürger werden wüst gerächt. « Verstümmelungen der Verwundeten sind an Tagesordnung. » [30] The pamphlet entitled « Appel aux nations civilisées » which the German government spread abroad, says: « Il n’est pas vrai que nous fassions la guerre au mépris du droit des gens. Nos soldats ne commettent ni actes d’indiscipline ni cruautés. » This is the text of our translation. The German text published under the title « An die Kulturwelt » says: « Es ist nicht wahr dass unsre Kriegsführung die Gesetze des Völkerrechts missachtet. Sie kennt keine zuchtlose Grausamkeit ». There is, as will be seen, a nuance between these two versions, both equally official. The German version seems to admit as legitimate « die zuchtmässige Grausamkeit » “cruelty exercised on service”. Transcriber’s Notes The following inconsistencies were kept: Langewiller -- Langeviller Regt. -- Reg t Mistakes in German cites were not corrected unless there was a plate available showing the German text, or it looked like wrong reading of handwritten text.

The following changes have been made: p. 5 “;” inserted. p. 6 “prisonners” changed to “prisoners”. p. 6 “Ecole” changed to “École”. p. 6 “document” changed to “documents”. p. 8 “telephoningto” changed to “telephoning to”. p. 8 “Stabe” changed to “Stäben” (footnote). p. 8 “eingestürtz” changed to “eingestürzt” (footnote). p. 9 “Art. I” changed to “Art. 1”. p. 9 “customes” changed to “customs”. p. 9 “ inserted. p. 10 “«” inserted. p. 10 “and” changed to “und” (footnote). p. 11 “»” inserted. p. 11 “,” changed to “.”. p. 11 “23” changed to “23 rd ”. p. 11 “gestürtz” changed to “gestürzt” (footnote). p. 12 First paragraph’s style changed from blockquote to normal text. p. 12 “surrunder” changed to “surrender”. p. 12 “troups” changed to “troops”. p. 12 “regt” changed to “Regt”. p. 12 “embarass” changed to “embarrass”. p. 12 “Aublick” changed to “Anblick” (footnote). p. 12 “umherliegender” changed to “umherliegenden” (footnote). p. 12 “Schadel halbweggerissen” changed to “Schädel halb weggerissen” (footnote). p. 12 “Schluppwinkeln” changed to “Schlupfwinkeln” (footnote). p. 12 “losen” changed to “lösen” (footnote). p. 12 “entzetzlichen” changed to “entsetzlichen” (footnote). p. 12 “immitten” changed to “inmitten” (footnote). p. 14 “Liége” changed to “Liège”. p. 14 “troups” changed to “troops”. p. 14 “Andennes” changed to “Andenne” (footnote). p. 15 “they” changed to “the”. p. 15 “Pionniere” changed to “Pioniere” (footnote). p. 16 “christian” changed to “Christian”. p. 18 “Halte!” changed to “Halt!”. p. 18 “(” replaced by “,”. p. 19 “.” removed (before “doubted”). p. 20 “.” removed (after “7th”). p. 21 “Erfahrungsgemäss” changed to “erfahrungsgemäss”. p. 21 “entiered” changed to “entered”. p. 21 “«” inserted (footnote). p. 21 “sofor” changed to “sofort” (footnote). p. 22 “.” changed to “:”. p. 22 “)” removed. p. 22 “besetz” changed to “besetzt” (footnote). p. 23 “.” removed (footnote). p. 23 “gestört” changed to “zerstört” (footnote). p. 24 “Plate 11” changed to “Plate 10”. p. 24 “Pionniere” changed to “Pioniere” (footnote). p. 24 “in” changed to “ein” (footnote). p. 26 “o” changed to “of”. p. 26 “Rég t ” changed to “Reg t ”. p. 26 “1 ts ” changed to “1 st ”. p. 26 “preceeding” changed to “preceding”. p. 28 “whe” changed to “who”. p. 28 “Vaulx-les-Palameix” changed to “Vaux-lès-Palameix”. p. 28 “,” inserted after “away”. p. 28 “ inserted. p. 29 “Oberlieutenant” changed to “Oberleutnant”. p. 29 “Regiments Kommandeur” changed to “Regiments-Kommandeur”. p. 29 “pirees” changed to “pieces”. p. 29 “In” changed to “Im” (footnote). p. 29 “ein” removed (footnote). p. 29 “eingeschossen” changed to “angeschossen” (footnote). p. 31 “a” changed to “at”. p. 31 “FUR” changed to “FÜR”. p. 31 “is” inserted (footnote). p. 33 “in a heap” changed to “on a heap”. p. 34 “Kompagnie Führer” changed to “Kompagnie-Führer”. p. 34 “ inserted. p. 38 “megalomaniaes” changed to “megalomaniacs”. p. 38 “,” inserted. p. 38 “chivalvy” changed to “chivalry”. p. 39 “.” changed to “:”. p. 39 “german” changed to “German” (footnote). p. 40 “reprensatatives” changed to “representatives”. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK GERMAN ATROCITIES FROM GERMAN EVIDENCE *** Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be renamed. 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