A Book of Burlesque: Sketches of English Stage Travestie and Parody

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG™ LICENSE Though some may scout it, ... Burlesque is like the winnowing machine: It simply blows away the husks, you know— The goodly corn is not moved by the blow. What arrant rubbish of the clap-trap school Has vanished—thanks to pungent ridicule! What stock stage-customs, nigh to bursting goaded, With so much "blowing up" have been exploded! Had our light writers done no more than this, Their doggrel efforts scarce had been amiss. In this defence of his calling, Byron had been anticipated by Planché, who, in one of his occasional pieces, introduced the following passage, in which Mr. and Mrs. Wigan and the representatives of Tragedy and Burlesque all figured. When Burlesque entered, Tragedy cried out— Avaunt, and quit my sight! let the earth hide thee. Unreal mockery, hence! I can't abide thee! Burlesque. Because I fling your follies in your face, And call back all the false starts of your race, Show up your shows, affect your affectation, And by such homœopathic aggravation, Would cleanse your bosom of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon our art—bombast and puff. Mr. Wigan. Have you so good a purpose, then, in hand? Burlesque. Else wherefore breathe I in dramatic land? Mrs. Wigan. I thought your aim was but to make us laugh. Burlesque. Those who think so but understand me half. Did not my thrice-renownèd Thomas Thumb, That mighty mite, make mouthing Fustian dumb? Is Tilburina's madness void of matter? Did great Bombastes strike no nonsense flatter? When in his words he's not one to the wise, When his fool's bolt spares folly as it flies, When in his chaff there's not a grain to seize on, When in his rhyme there's not a grain of reason, His slang but slang, no point beyond the pun, Burlesque may walk, for he will cease to run. FINIS. Printed by Hazell, Watson, & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury . GREAT SUCCESS. THE BOOK OF THE HOLIDAY SEASON . THIRD EDITION ( WITHIN A FORTNIGHT OF PUBLICATION ) . THE BACHELORS' CLUB . By I. ZANGWILL, Crown 8vo. 348 pp. 3s. 6d. With ILLUSTRATIONS by GEORGE HUTCHINSON. BRIEF EXTRACTS FROM FIRST PRESS NOTICES. St. James's Gazette : "Some exceedingly clever fooling, and a happy audacity of whimsical invention." Daily Graphic : "A genuine humourist. We own to having laughed heartily, and appreciated the cleverness and the cynicism." Star : "Mr. Zangwill has an original way of being funny. He is full of clever and witty, paradoxical and epigrammatical, surprises. His book is a splendid tonic for gloomy spirits." Evening News : "Not one in a score of the amusing books which come from the press is nearly so amusing as this." Sunday Times : "Read, laugh over, and profit by the history of 'The Bachelors' Club,' capitally told by a fresh young writer." Globe : "A clever and interesting book. Agreeable satire. Store of epigram." Referee : "A new comic writer. There is a touch of the devilry of Heme in Mr. Zangwill's wit." Scotsman : "Any one who has listened to what the wild waves say as they beat the snores of Bohemia will read the book with enjoyment and appreciate its careless merriment." Freeman's Journal : "Very clever and amusing; highly interesting, humorous and instructive." Pictorial World : "One of the smartest books of the season. Brimful of funny ideas, comically expressed." Man of the World : "Witty to excess. To gentlemen who dine out, the book will furnish a stock of 'good things' upon every conceivable subject of conversation." Granta : "A book of genuine humour. Full of amusing things. The style is fresh and original." Newcastle Daily Chronicle : "Really clever and amusing; brimful of genuine humour and fun." Yorkshire Herald : "A quaint, fresh, delightful piece of humour. Hood or Douglas Jerrold might have written the book." Northern Daily News : "The reader must be very dyspeptic who cannot laugh consumedly at his funny conceits." Sporting Times : "No end of fun. Not a dull line in the book." Judy : "It's Zangwillian, which is saying a very great deal indeed in its favour." Ariel : "The cleverest book ever written" (Author's own review). LONDON: HENRY & CO., 6, BOUVERIE STREET, E.C. The Whitefriars Library of Wit and Humour. Edited by W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS. A New Series of Monthly Volumes designed to supply the Public with Entertaining Literature by the Best Writers. Crown 8vo, cloth, with Portrait, 2s. 6d. each. Vol. I. — ESSAYS IN LITTLE. By Andrew Lang . Sixth Thousand . Also a Large-Paper Edition ( limited to 150, all sold upon subscription ) . Crown 4to. 10s. 6d. net. OPINIONS OF THE PRESS . "If it is well to judge by firstfruits (and, generally speaking, the judgment is right), the new 'Whitefriars Library' should compass the very laudable designs of its projectors. The first monthly volume of the new series may fairly be said to be aflush with the finest promise. Mr. Andrew Lang's ' Essays in Little ' is one of the most entertaining and bracing of books. Full of bright and engaging discourse, these charming and recreative essays are the best of good reading. Hard must be 'the cynic's lips' from which Mr. Lang's sportive pen does not 'dislodge the sneer,' harder that 'brow of care' whose wrinkles refuse to be smoothed by Mr. Lang's gentle sarcasms and agreeable raillery.... ' Essays in Little ' ought to win every vote, and please every class of reader."— Saturday Review. "The volume is delightful, and exhibits Mr. Lang's light and dexterous touch, his broad literary sympathies, and his sound critical instinct to great advantage."— Times. "'The Whitefriars Library' has begun well. Its first issue is a volume by Mr. Andrew Lang, entitled ' Essays in Little .' Mr. Lang is here at his best—alike in his most serious and his lightest moods. We find him turning without effort, and with equal success, from 'Homer and the Study of Greek,' to 'The Last Fashionable Novel'—on one page attacking grimly the modern newspaper tendency to tittle-tattle (in a 'Letter to a Young Journalist'), on another devising a bright parody in prose or verse. Mr. Lang is in his most rollicking vein when treating of the once popular Haynes Bayly, the author of 'I'd be a Butterfly' and things of that sort. With Bayly's twaddling verse Mr. Lang is in satiric ecstasies; he revels in its unconscious inanity, and burlesques it repeatedly with infinite gusto.... His tone is always urbane, his manner always bright and engaging. No one nowadays has a style at once so light and so well bred.... It is always pleasant, and frequently delightful."— Globe . Vol. II. — SAWN OFF: A Tale of a Family Tree. By G. Manville Fenn. [ Fourth Thousand. Vol. III. — "A LITTLE IRISH GIRL." By the Author of "Molly Bawn."         [ Ready. Vol. IV. — THREE WEEKS AT MOPETOWN. By Percy Fitzgerald.         [ Ready. Vol. V. — A BOOK OF BURLESQUE. By William Davenport Adams. [ Ready. Vol. VI. — "IN A CANADIAN CANOE." By Barry O. E. Pain, B.A. [ July. The services of Messrs. Oscar Wilde, G. A. Sala, Justin M'Carthy, M.P., G. A. Henty, F. C. Burnand, W. Clark Russell, Rudolph C. Lehmann, R. E. Francillon, Harry Furniss, Arthur À Beckett, J. Bernard Partridge , and others, have been secured. LONDON: HENRY & CO., 6, BOUVERIE STREET, E.C.; And at all Booksellers' and the Railway Stalls. By W. H. DAVENPORT ADAMS. A BOOK ABOUT LONDON: Its Memorable Places, its Men and Women, and its History. Crown 8vo. 6s. PART I.— Stories of Historical Scenes and Events. PART II.— Stories of Famous Localities and Buildings. PART III.— Stories of Crime and Misadventure. In this volume an attempt has been made to present in a series of striking episodical narratives the principal events in London history, and some of the more striking aspects of London life. Full particulars are given of plots and conspiracies, forgeries and murders, executions and hair-breadth escapes; and many favourite old stories, not easily accessible now, are brought forward in a new dress, with all the light of recent research thrown upon them. A COMPANION VOLUME. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. A BOOK ABOUT LONDON. The Streets of London : An Alphabetical Index to the principal Streets, Squares, Parks, and Thoroughfares, with their Associations—Historical, Traditional, Social, and Literary. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. This work is the result of very extensive labour, and offers, it is believed, a completer view than has before been attempted of the diverse associations which lend so profound an interest to the Streets of London. It contains more than a thousand succinct references to remarkable persons, incidents, and scenes, with illustrative anecdotes and full explanations gathered from a vast number of authentic sources. By LADY FLORENCE DIXIE. NEW WORK FOR THE YOUNG. 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Another part of the volume which contains several graphic passages is that devoted to a description of the Children of the Sun, with their rites and customs. Mr. Holland has written a previous romance, with which we are not acquainted, but his present venture certainly warrants the expectation of good work from him in the future."— Daily Chronicle. "This is a good story—a mixture of the real and the romantic. Both elements are well worked out: the real is so like to Nature, that we are ready to think that the marvellous is not so very remote from it."— Spectator. BY LADY FLORENCE DIXIE. GLORIANA; or, The Revolution of 1900. With Portrait. Crown 8vo, 6s. "There is abundant play of fancy in the book, as well as some of the ordinary elements of romance."— Queen. "A good many of the characters have a touch of individuality; and in a literary point of view this book is more carefully written and is more interesting than any of our author's previous works."— Athenæum. 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"This story, which has no small merit as a work of imagination, makes its more direct appeal as a fictional presentment of the arguments for advancing the legal status of women, and making marriage a 'co-operation' rather than a 'despotism.'"— Scotsman. LONDON: HENRY & CO., 6, BOUVERIE STREET, E.C., And at all Libraries and Booksellers' . FOOTNOTES: [1] "Tom Thumb" was performed in 1740, with Yates as the ghost and Woodward as Noodle, Glumdalca (the giantess) being represented by a man. In 1745 Yates played Grizzle, Tom being enacted by a lady. The burlesque was seen at Covent Garden in 1828. [2] The parts of Chrononhotonthologos, Bombardinian, Rigdum-Funnidos, Aldiborontiphoscophornio, Fadladinida, and Tatlanthe were then taken by Messrs. Murray, Shine, Soutar, Squire, Mrs. Leigh, and Miss Bella Howard respectively. [3] The elder Mathews was Artaxominous; Liston, Bombardinian; and Miss H. Kelly, Distaffina. A few years later Munden played Bombardinian, and Farren, Fusbos. [4] In the preparation of "The Happy Land" (1873) Mr. Gilbert had only a share, the scenario being his, but nearly all the writing being done by Mr. Gilbert Arthur a'Beckett. [5] An adaptation of John Brougham's American burlesque, "Pocohontas." Into this was introduced a travestie of the Bancroft's garden scene in "School." Mr. Lionel Brough played Captain John Smith. [6] In "Olympic Revels," as in some other pieces, Planché had the valuable assistance of Charles Dance. [7] Byron also wrote a burlesque in which Prometheus figures—"Pandora's Box," seen at the Prince of Wales's in 1866. [8] In 1863 and 1871. [9] "Orpheus in the Haymarket." An opera buffo, founded on the French of Hector Cremieux. Performed, with music by Offenbach, by David Fisher, W. Farren, Louise Keeley, Nelly Moore, and Miss H. Lindley. [10] Played at the Olympic in 1834. [11] Of recent years Atalanta has been made the heroine of a burlesque by Mr. G. P. Hawtrey. Of this I give some account in my final chapter on "The New Burlesque." [12] Miss Herbert was Diana, and Miss Kate Terry one of the nymphs attending on her. Charles Young was Actæon; Belmore, Pan. [13] Miss Raynham was the hero; Mr. David James, his apprentice Cambyses; Mr. Thomas Thorne, the Princess Mandane; Miss Ada Swanborough, Venus; Miss Elsie Holt, Cupid; and Miss Eliza Johnstone, Mopsa. [14] "The Siege of Troy," by the way, was the title and subject of a burlesque by Robert Brough (Lyceum, 1858). [15] Paris, Miss Raynham; Œnone, Mr. Thomas Thorne; Castor, Mr. David James; Orion, J. D. Stoyle; Venus, Miss A. Swanborough; Juno, Maria Simpson; Jupiter, Miss Eliza Johnstone. [16] Paris, Miss Raynham; Helen, Miss Furtado. "Helen" is described by the writer as a "companion picture to 'Paris,'" [17] See p. 40. Eleven years later, Mr. Burnand wrote for the Opera Comique his "Ixion Re-Wheeled," the cast of which included, beside Miss Laverne, Miss Amy Sheridan and Miss Eleanor Bufton. [18] At the Olympic in 1836. [19] At the Strand in 1862, with Rogers, Clarke, Miss A. Swanborough, Miss C. Saunders, Miss F. Josephs, and Miss F. Hughes in the principal parts. The full title of the piece was "Puss in a New Pair of Boots." [20] This, first played at the Lyceum in 1860, was afterwards revived at the St. James's with Miss Kate Terry as the Princess. [21] Other versions of this tale have been written by Maddison Morton (at Drury Lane), and by Mr. Burnand (at the Holborn in 1868, under the title of "The White Fawn"). [22] This part, originally played (in 1846) by James Bland, was played by Mr. Toole at the Adelphi in 1859, and afterwards by George Honey at the Princess's. [23] The part of the Yellow Dwarf was first played (Olympic, 1854) by Robson, of whose performance Planché says that "So powerful was his personation of the cunning, the malignity, the passion and despair of the monster, that he elevated extravaganza into tragedy." At one point his delivery of the lines moved Thackeray almost to tears. "It is not a burlesque," he exclaimed: "it is an idyll." [24] Byron was indebted to Mme. D'Aulnoy for the idea of his "Orange Tree and the Humble Bee, or The Little Princess who was Lost at Sea" (Vaudeville, 1871). [25] Lachrymoso was played by Mr. Toole at the Adelphi so recently as 1860. [26] In this the original Aladdin was Miss Marie Wilton; the Princess Badroulbadour, Miss Bufton; Widow Twankay, Rogers; Abanazar, Clarke; The Sultan, Miss Charlotte Saunders; and Pekoe, Miss Fanny Josephs (Strand, 1861). [27] Miss P. Marshall, Ganem; George Honey, Hassarac; Miss Bufton, Cogia; Miss F. Hughes, Zaide; Miss C. Saunders, Morgiana (Strand, 1863). [28] A burlesque on the subject of "Ali Baba" was written by Mr. Gilbert Arthur a'Beckett. [29] In the years 1848, 1865, 1871 and 1884 respectively. [30] These authors were happy in having Miss Ellen Farren to represent their hero, Miss Henrietta Lindley being the Badoura, W. H. Stephens and Mrs. Stephens the King and Queen, and Mr. Soutar the Skidamalink (King of the Isle of Ebony) (Olympic, 1865). [31] Another burlesque on the same story, entitled "Abon Hassan, or An Arabian Knight's Entertainment," was brought out at the Charing Cross Theatre in 1869. The author's name was Arthur O'Neil, and the cast included Miss Emily Fowler as the hero, and Mr. Flockton as Haroun Alraschid. [32] Mr. Edward Terry was the Vampire himself, and other parts were taken by Harry Cox, Miss Rose Cullen, and Miss Topsy Venn. [33] "King Arthur, or the Days and Knights of the Round Table." [34] Mr. Frederick Langbridge has printed a burlesque on this subject, with a title somewhat similar. [35] The cast was particularly good, including Miss Rose Coghlan as the King, Miss Litton as the Queen, Maclean as Walworth, Mrs. Leigh as Mrs. Tyler, Miss Tremaine, and J. B. Rae. [36] It was performed at Covent Garden in 1813, with Mathews as Hamlet, Blanchard as the King, Liston as Ophelia, and Mrs. Liston as the Queen. It was revived in 1874 on one occasion with Mr. Odell as Hamlet, and shortly afterwards with Mr. Leonard Boyne as the Prince, both actors indulging in an imitation of Mr. Irving's performance. [37] In "Hamlet Improved," by Colonel Colomb, a Mr. Mendall is supposed to have revised the last act of "Hamlet" in accordance with modern notions. Polonius is alive, having been only wounded by Hamlet; Hamlet's father also is alive, having only pretended to be dead. At the close, the King, Queen, Laertes, and Ophelia, all come to life again. Hamlet is represented by a stuffed figure, the actor chosen for the part having refused to enact it. [38] This was the piece in which Miss C. Saunders played Romeo, and Miss Marie Wilton Juliet. Maria Simpson was the Mercutio, J. Clarke the Nurse, Rogers the Apothecary, Bland the Friar, and Miss Bufton the Paris. [39] Juliet was sent to sleep, not by a potion, but by a perusal of the latest work of Mr. Tupper. [40] Produced at the Strand, with Hammond as Richard, Wigan as Henry VI., Romer as Tressel, Miss L. Lyons as Lady Anne, and so on. [41] See pp. 39, 40. [42] See p. 41. [43] Another burlesque on the same subject, called "Ups and Downs of Deal, and Black-eyed Susan," was seen at the Marylebone in 1867, with Miss Augusta Thomson as Captain Crosstree. [44] Mr. Merivale was fortunate in the cast of his production (played at the Gaiety in 1878). Mr. Edward Terry was the Claude, Miss Farren the Pauline, Mr. Royce the "Beauseong," Mrs. Leigh the Dowager Morier, and Miss Amalia the Babette, other parts being taken by Messrs. Elton, Maclean, Squire, and Fawcett. [45] Byron's "Don Juan," brought out at the Alhambra in 1873, was about equally indebted for its plot to the libretto of Mozart's opera and to Lord Byron's poem. [46] This, says Mr. Burnand in a note, is the poetic for "You'll get on your bonnet and accompany Polyphemus." [47] In this Miss Farren, as Robert, was supported by Miss Constance Loseby as Raimbault, Miss Emily Fowler as Alice, Miss Annie Tremaine as Prince of Granada, and Joseph Eldred as Gobetto. [48] With Miss Lydia Thompson as Robinson, Mr. Lionel Brough as Jim Cocks, and Mr. Willie Edouin as Man Friday. [49] With Keeley as Manfred, Bland as the Marquis Vincenza, Miss P. Horton as Theodore, Miss Reynolds as Isabella, and Mrs. W. Clifford as Hippolita. [50] This burlesque has been used, during the present year, as the foundation for a travestie played by the Cambridge Amateur Dramatic Company, under the title of "Ivanhoe à la Carte" (in allusion to Mr. D'Oyly Carte's production of Sir Arthur Sullivan's "Ivanhoe"). To this adaptation, it is said, new lyrics were contributed by Messrs. J. K. Stephen and R. C. Lehmann. [51] Mr. Plowman had Mr. Righton for his Isaac, Miss Kate Bishop for his Ivanhoe, Miss Nelly Bromley for his Rowena, Miss Oliver for his Rebecca, Mr. Alfred Bishop for his Brian de Bois-Guilbert, and Mlle. Cornélie D'Anka for his Richard Cœur-de-Lion. [52] In this piece Mr. Toole was the Robert Penfold, Mr. Lionel Brough the Joseph Wylie, Mr. Gaston Murray the General Rollingstone, Mr. Wyndham the Arthur Waddles, and Miss Ellen Farren (then in her novitiate) the Nancy Rouse. [53] Reminding one of H. J. Byron's couplet:— Love levels all—it elevates the clown, And often brings the fattest people down. [54] Mr. David Fisher was the King Hildebrand, and Miss Maria Simpson (Mrs. W. H. Liston), his son Prince Hilarion; Miss Augusta Thomson being the Cyril, Miss Mattie Reinhardt the Princess Ida, Miss Fanny Addison the Lady Psyche, Mrs. Poynter the Lady Blanche, and Miss Patti Josephs the Melissa. [55] In a sense, all Mr. Gilbert's comic operas are burlesques, for they are full of travestie, especially of the conventionalities of grand opera and melodrama. At the same time, they cannot be called burlesques in the everyday, theatrical sense of the term. Transcriber's Notes Variations in spelling, accents, punctuation and hyphenation are as in the original, except in cases of obvious typographical error. The use of upper or lower case at the beginning of abbreviated proper names (e.g. a'Beckett and A'Beckett) is inconsistent. This inconsistency has been retained. 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