Observations of a Naturalist in the Pacific Between 1896 and 1899, Volume 1 Vanua Levu, Fiji

INDEX INDEX Note. —It has been deemed best to follow the example of the Admiralty surveys in the spelling of native names. In this book, therefore— Mb = the Fijian B Th = the Fijian C ND = the Fijian D NG = the Fijian G and Q Abbreviations, for rock descriptions, 236 Acicastello, Sicily, basalt and palagonite, 347 Acid and basic rocks, regions of, 219 , 374 Agassiz, Prof. A., 294 , 373 , 376 , 377 Agates, 138 , 139 , 227 , 353 , 354 Agglomerates; see Volcanic agglomerates Algæ in hot springs, 24 , 25 , 33 , 38 Alps, magnetic rocks of the, 362 , 363 Altered rocks; see Propylites, etc. Andesites, acid, 98-108 , 112 , 123-127 , 193 , 194 ; relative frequency of, 235 ; classification of, 293-306 ; distribution of, 374 ; peaks in basaltic flows, 104 , 115 , 116 , 374 ; altered, 105 , 297 ; columnar, 102 , 104 ; pre-basaltic, 375 Andrews, Mr. E. C., 7 , 22 , 294 , 350 , 378 Artesian reservoirs, 39 Augite, crystals of, in tuffs, 45 , 182 , 193 Augite-andesites, 51 , 162 , 199 , 204 , 209 , 232 , 235 , 294 , etc.; classification of, 239 , 245 , 246 , 266-284 ; distribution of, 374 ; aphanitic, 117-120 , 125 , 162 , 168 , 279 ; relative frequency of, 235 ; see Basaltic andesites Avuka, range, 179 Axes, stone, structure of, 383 Bare-poll, peak, near Soni-soni, 93 Barrack, Mr. A. H., 27 , 123 Barrack, Mr. Alex., 364 Barratt, Mr., 68 Barrier-reef, great, of Fiji; see under Submarine plateau [169] Basaltic andesites, 47 , 56 , 64 , 75 , 108 , 123 , 137 , 147 , 148 , 160 , 164 , 190 , 204 , 206 , 208 , 288 ; classification of, 239 , 266 , 278 ; distribution of, 374 Basaltic rocks, extensive disintegration of, 57 , 64 , 72 , 129 Basaltic flows surrounding hills of acid andesite, 104 , 115 , 116 , 374 Basaltic plains and plateaux, 6 , 55 , 62 , 82 , 107 , 128-135 , 373 Basaltic submarine flows, 338 , 342 , 344 , 346 , 347 , 372 , 375 ; see under Submarine plateau and Basaltic plains Basalts, columnar, 3 , 63 , 78 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 123 , 129 , 133 , 147 , 170 , 173 , 203 , 260 , 284 Basalts, ophitic, 50 , 74 , 114 , 133 , 137 , 138 , 155 , 159 , 162 , 191 , 204 , 213 , 252 , 256 , 347 ; the ophitic habit, 237 , 238 ; ophitic sub-orders, 236 , 241-245 ; ophitic genera, 256 , 262 , 272-276 , 283 Basalts, olivine, relation of black and grey, 89 , 90 ; classification of, 239 , 241-244 , 252-26 5; relative frequency of, 235 ; distribution of, 374 Basalts, grey olivine, 65-67 , 73-75 , 77 , 89 , 253-255 , 257 , 261 , 263 Basalts, highly basic, 258 Basalts, of Acicastello, 347 ; of Mbua and Ndama plains, 58 , 134 , 262 , 278 ; of Ndreketi plains, 133 , 134 ; of Sarawanga plains, 129 , 134 , 262 ; of Savu-savu peninsula, 190 , 288 ; of Seatura, 63-72 , 85 ; of Solevu Bay, 75-77 ; of Wainunu, 85 ; of Ulu-i-ndali, 89 Basalts associated with palagonite, 347 Basic glass, 312 , 338 ; see Pitchstone, Crush-tuffs, Hyalomelan-tuffs Bastite, 182 , 297 Baur, Mr., 380 Blyth, Mr., 123 Brady, Mr. H. B., 322 , 376 Breccias; see Volcanic agglomerates Bronzite, 182 Bromlow, Dr., 29 Büchner, Dr. Max, 22 Bulling, Mr., 32 , 36 , 232 Bunsen, on palagonite, 343 , 344 Carbonate of iron, concretions of, 227 , 351 , 356 Carcharodon, 376 Chalcedony, 13 , 138 , 162 , 183 , 199 , 226-22 , 350-355 ; see Agate, Onyx, Flints Chalmers, Mr., 233 Charts, old and new compared, 18 , 19 Chert, 355 Classification of volcanic rocks, 235 Coleoptera of Fiji, 377 Columnar structure; see Basalt, Acid andesite, Dacite, Oligoclase-trachyte Combe, Commander, 15 Cooper, Mr. H. S., 29 Coral reefs, upheaved, 7-12 , 189 , 200 , 201 , 318 ; their absence in the higher levels, 7 , 8 , 12 , 19 , 375 Craters, traces of, 44 , 52 , 67 , 80 , 166 , 186 , 192 , 195 , 202 Crush-tuffs, 55 , 94 , 149 , 157 , 341 ; general description, 334 ; see below Crushing of basic glass; in veins, 340 , 341 ; on surface of a submarine flow, 93 , 338 ; in matrix of pitchstone-agglomerate and in rubbly pitchstone, 94 , 142 , 145 , 157 , 313 ; its connection with palagonite, 93 , 339 , 340-342 , 346 Cumming, Miss Gordon, 22 , 25 , 29 Dacites, 3 , 5 , 100 , 108 , 235 , 294 , 304 ; columnar, 101 , 102 ; definition of the term, 295 ; classification and characters, 240 , 302 ; see Acid andesites Dall, Dr., 376 Dana, Prof., 3 , 10 , 11 , 16 , 21 , 26 , 72 , 84 , 129 , 135 , 218 , 309 , 363 Darwin, Mr., on barrier-reefs, 373 Datum-mark, 195 David, Prof., 376 Deep-sea deposits, 337 Delanasau, 68 Dillon’s Rock, 45 Diorite, 182 , 193 , 235 , 249 , 251 Doelter, on hornblende paramorphism, 308 Doleritic, use and definition of the term, 236 , 238 , 259 , 274 Dolomite, 7 Drayton, peak; see Mariko Dykes, 51 , 54 , 63 , 68-72 , 78 , 81 , 142 , 144 , 148 , 155 , 156 , 163 , 164 , 170 , 171 , 184 , 199 , 202 , 209 , 216 , 220 , 233 , 234 , 267 , 268 , 270 , 277 , 280 , 282 ; their two sets of felspar-lathes, 238 Eakle, Mr., 293 , 294 Earthquakes, 37 Emergence of Vanua Levu, 1 , 7-20 , 321 , 376-379 ; age of, 376 Etna, mount, coast springs of, 39 ; dykes in Valle del Bove, 237 ; magnetic bomb, 364 Fairmaire, M., 377 Faro, island, Solomon Group, 2 Fawn, harbour, 9 , 200 , 318 Felsitic andesites, 106 , 108 , 295 , 300 ; see Acid andesites and Dacites Felsitic groundmass, as employed in classification, 236 , 239 , 240 , 249 Felsitic orders, 249 , 291 , 297 , 300 , 302 Felspar-lathes in classification, 236 , 241 Fern, tree, silicified caudex of, 360 Fish-scales, fossil, 154 Flints, 13 , 81 , 83 , 138 , 139 , 222 , 226 , 350-360 Floating islands, 225 Floras of Fiji, Hawaii, and Tonga, 379 Flow-arrangement in classification, 236-238 Folgheraiter, Dr., 362 , 365 Foraminiferal limestones, 130-132 , 202 , 318 Foraminiferous deposits (tuffs, muds, clays), 96 , 109 , 130 , 134 , 136 , 139 , 149 , 154 , 161 , 170 , 198 , 205 ; description of, 321-333 ; altered, 324-326 ; thickness of, 156 ; see Globigerina deposits and Palagonite-tuffs Fossilised trees, 233 Freeland, Mount, 2 , 6 , 203-206 , 269 , 274 Gabbros, 180 , 182 , 184 , 211 , 235 ; classification of, 239 , 240 ; characters, 249 , 250 ; see Plutonic rocks Geikie, Sir A., 375 Giant sedge; see Scirpodendron Globigerina deposits, 10 , 55 , 131 , 158 , 177 , 187 , 189 , 190 , 221 , 321-326 , 344 ; see Foraminiferous deposits Globigerina limestone, 319 Gold, alluvial, in Vanua Levu, 116 Granular pyroxene, the sub-orders characterised by, 236 , 241 , &c. Greenstones; see Propylites Groundmass, characters of, used in classification, 236-238 Haig, Major, on magnetic rocks, 363 Hale Peak, 210 , 212 Hanusz, on floating islands, 226 Harker, Mr., 362 , 367 , 379 Harman’s Point, 191 Hawaii, 2 , 38 , 85 , 363 ; flora of, 379 ; coast springs of, 38 Hedley, Mr., 376 , 380 Hekla, Mount, 375 Holmes, Mr., 68 Hornblende, magmatic paramorphism of, 293 , 299 , 301 , 303 ; process described, 306 Hornblende-andesites, 91 , 184 , 193 , 194 , 201 , 235 , 294 ; see Acid andesites and hornblende-hypersthene andesites Hornblende-gabbro, 184 , 249 , 250 Hornblende-hypersthene-andesites, 240 , 298-302 Horne, Mr., 10 , 21 , 22 , 25 , 34 , 55 , 141 , 143 , 194 , 195 , 203 , 225 ; see the preface Hornstone, 350 Hot springs, general description of, 21-42 ; list of, 40 ; analysis, 28 ; distribution in Vanua Levu, 36 , 138 , 233 Humboldt, A. von, on magnetic rocks, 361 , 365 Hussak, on magmatic paramorphism, 308 Hutton, 380 Hyalomelan tuffs, 47 , 80 , 110 , 333 , 334 Hydrothermal metamorphism; see Solfataric Hypersthene; see Pyroxene, rhombic Hypersthene-andesites, 294 , 296 Hypersthene-augite-andesites, 5 , 52 147 , 161 , 164 , 168 , 171 , 173-175 , 178 , 179 , 182 , 186 , 190 , 199 , 201 , 203 , 208 , 211 , 230 ; classification, 240 , 247 , 248 ; characters of the orders and sub-orders, 285-292 ; relative frequency, 235 ; distribution, 374 Iceland, Vanua Levu compared to, 374 , 375 Iddings, Mr., 306 Iron ore; see Limonite Iron sand, magnetic, 83 , 106 , 357 Ironstone gravel, 356 Islands, permanence of, 380 , 381 Jackson, Dr. C. T., 28 Jasper, 13 , 121 , 139 , 199 , 350 , 351 , 355 Johnston-Lavis, Dr., 347 , 375 Kalakala, Mount, 103 , 305 Kalikoso District, 10 , 15 , 224-228 , 350 , 356 , 358 Kandavu, 293 , 306 ; hot springs of, 22 Kavula, 65 , 66 Kia Island, 2 Kioa Island, 2 Kiombo Coast, 92 Kleinschmidt, 22 , 25 , 293 , 350 Koro, significance as a prefix; see Place-Names Koro-i-rea Hill, 75 , 77 Korolevu Hill, 45 ; natural section near, 48 Korolevu River, 62 , 64 Koroma, Mount, 3 , 51 , 285 Koro-mbasanga Mountain, 166-169 , 289 ; name wrongly applied in Admiralty charts, 5 , 172 Koro-navuta, 135 Koro-ni-valu; see under Towns Koro-ni-yalewa Mountain, 117 Koro-tambu Mountain, 167 , 171 Korotasere, 208 Korotini Bluff, 156 Korotini Range or Tableland, 5 , 153-165 , 167 , 325 Koro-utari, 163 Koro-wiri, 139 Kumbulau Peninsula, 90-95 Kuru-kuru District, 228 Lambasa coast, 218 Lambasa Plains, 138 , 351 Lambasa River, 15 , 138 Landslips, effects of, 111 , 178 , 327 Langa-langa River, 220 , 225 Lango-lango River, 122 Lau Group, 7 , 294 , 378 Lava-flows, indications of sub-aerial, 52 , 71 , 119 , 133 , 152 , 187 , 190 , 213 , 232 Lea District, 199 Lekumbi Point, 12 , 19 , 60 Lekutu District, coast of, 11 , 50 , 273 ; plains, 128 , 351 , 353 , 356 ; promontory, 16 , 18 ; river, 18 , 62 , 65 Limestones, recrystallisation of, 131 ; coral, 318 ; see Foraminiferal limestones Limonite, deposits of, 56 , 132 , 138 , 226 , 228 , 351 , 352 , 356 , 359 Lister, Mr., 378 Liversidge, Prof., 29 Liwa-liwa, 119 Loma-loma Ridge, 141 Lovo Valley, 169-173 Lovutu, 156 Macdonald, Dr., 21 Magma lakelets, 47 , 71 , 92 , 273 , 276 , 277 ; description of, 339-342 , 346 , 347 Magmatic paramorphism; see Hornblende Magnetic iron sand, 83 , 106 , 357 Magnetic peaks and rocks, 77 , 108 , 174 , 186 , 361-371 Mako-mako Hill, 103 Mali Island, 2 , 218 Mali Point, 218 Malolo Island, 294 Mangrove belt, bare tracts in, 11 , 14 ; relation to reef-flat, 13 ; rate of growth, 15 , 19 Mangrove islands, growth of, 16 , 17 Mariko, range and peak of, 5 , 173 , 185-189 , 289 , 368 Martin, Prof., of Leyden, 376 Masusu District, 84 Mauna Kea, 2 Mauna Loa, 2 , 3 , 363 Mauritius, magnetic rocks of, 363 Mbale-mbale District, 143 , 313 ; river, 150 Mbatini Mountain, 5 , 166 , 172-174 , 367 Mbati-ni-kama, hot springs of, 33 Mbatiri, 134 , 324 Mbenutha Cliffs, 109-111 , 323 Mbona-lailai Mountain, 101 Mbua District, 3 , 36 , 37 , 47 ; bay, 18 ; coast, 12 Mbua and Ndama Plains, 55-58 , 356 Mbua-Lekutu Divide, 55 , 297 Mbua shell-bed, 12 , 58 Mbuthai-sau Valley, 218 , 219 Mbutu-mbutu River, 79 , 279 Middle Point, 137 Mountain ridges and their structure; see under Ridge-mountains Mountain-towns; see Towns Muanaira, 198 Mumu Peak, 108-110 Murray, Sir J., 337 , 373 Naikovu Rock, 364 Nailotha Mountain, 6 , 214-216 , 310 Naindi Bay, 8 , 189 , 191 , 195 , 318 Naindi Gap, 189 , 192 Naithekoro, 190 Naithombothombo, point, 54 ; range, 229 Naivaka, 2 , 3 , 11 , 18 , 43-45 , 261 Na-kalou, 133 Na Kama, Savu-savu, 25 ; Lambasa, 32 Nakambuta District, 148-150 Nakarambo, 208 Na Kula, valley, 184 ; range, 230 Nambuna District, 106 Nambuni Spur, 144 Nambuonu, hot springs, 32 Nandi Bay, 78 Nandi Gorge, 69 , 78 , 278 Nandongo, island, 16 , 17 ; town, 216 ; hot springs, 33 Nandronandranu district, 117-121 Nandroro District, 66 Nandua District, 86 , 320 , 344 Nanduri District, 11 , 14 , 135 , 136 Nangara-ravi Cave, 141 Nangara-vutu, 205 Nangorongoro Peak; see Ngaingai Na Raro Gap, 127 Na Raro Mountain, 2 , 5 , 123-127 , 296 , 301 , 305 Narawai District, 66 Nareilangi, 124 Narengali District, 140 , 147 , 149 Narikosa Point, 220 Na Salia, 151 Na Savu, tableland, 79-81 ; falls, 79 , 279 Na Seyanga, 108 Na Sinu, 146 Na Suva Range, 64 Na Suva-suva Hill, 192 , 369 Natasa Bay, 209 Natewa Bay, north-coast, 9 , 208 , 209 , 291 Natewa Peninsula, 6 , 9 , 197-206 Nativi, 50 Natoarau, hot springs, 23 ; river, 158 Na Tokalau, 91 Natoto Hill, 229 Natua District, 134 , 149 , 323 Natuvo or Natuvu, hot springs, 33 , 209 Naumann on polaric lavas, 364 Navakaravi Hot Springs, 34 Navakavura, 96 Na Vatu Islet, 94 Navetau, 205 Naviavia Islet, 8 Navingiri, 46 Navuni, 202 ; hot springs, 35 Navuningumu, 108-112 , 303 , 368 Nawavi, range, 135 ; hot springs near, 31 Nawi or Na Wi, island, 26 , 192 ; hamlet, 211 Ndaku-ndaku, bay, 208 ; hot springs, 34 Ndama, river and valley, 62 , 67 , 68 , 71 ; plains, 55-58 Ndavutu, district and river, 87 ; for hot springs; see Wainunu Ndawathumi, 64 , 80 Ndevo district, 205 ; hot springs, 35 Ndoendamu Mountain, 209 , 212 Ndrandramea, district, 2 , 3 , 83 , 296 ; map, 99 ; description, 98-112 Ndrandramea Mount, 102 , 296 , 300 , 304 , 368 Ndranimako, 96 , 322 , 351 Ndrawa, district, 120 , 281 ; river, 118 , 120 Ndreke-ni-wai, Natewa Bay, 200 , 203 ; hot springs, 34 Ndreke-ni-wai, Savu-savu Bay, 150 , 152 Ndreketi, river, 15 , 128 , 132 , 383 ; plains, 132 , 273 , 351 Ndriti Basin, 67-72 , 268 , 270 , 282 Ndrukau Mountain, 213 New Hebrides, 1 Ngaingai Mountain, 100 , 296 , 302 , 304 , 368 Ngala Mountain; see Freeland Ngalau-levu Range, 6 , 199 , 200 , 370 Ngangaturuturu Cliffs, 119 Ngau Island, hot springs of, 22 Ngawa River, 138 Ngelemumu, 180 , 219 Ngone Hill, 183 Nukumbolo, district, 151 , 161 , 162 ; hot springs, 24 Nukunase or Nuku-ngase, 50 , 270 Nukumbalavu, 190 Nuku-ndamu, 232 Numbu, 227 Numbu-ni-a-vula, 176 Oddone on magnetic rocks, 362 Oligoclase-trachytes, 6 , 207 , 219 , 229 ; description of, 308 ; distribution, 374 ; altered, 214-216 ; columnar, 215 , 220 , 230 , 231 , 233 Olivine rocks, classification of, 239 Olivine-basalts; see Basalts, olivine Ono Island, hot springs, 22 ; acid andesite, 293 ; flints, 350 Onyx, 139 , 227 , 228 , 353 Opal, 162 , 163 , 183 , 351 , 353 Ophitic basalts, their relation to palagonite, 347 Ophitic structure, as used in classification, 236 , 237 , 238 Ophitic sub-orders and genera, synopsis of, 241-248 ; description of, 256 , 272-276 , 283 Orthophyric groundmass, as used in classification, 236 , 237 , 239 , 240 Orthophyric orders and genera, 248 , 290 , 296 , 297 , 299 Ovalau, 294 , 350 Palagonite, chapter on, 337-349 ; see also Palagonite-tuffs, Crush-tuffs, Crushing of basic glass, Pitchstone &c. Palagonite of Acicastello, 347 Palagonite tuffs, classification and characters, 317-336 ; zeolitic, 334 ; marls, 335 , 344 ; modes of occurrence, 5 , 48 , 53 , 80 , 81 , 95 , 96 , 117 , 118-122 , 130 , 131 , 141 , 143 , 145 , 148 , 156-161 , 169 , 177 , 193 , 198 , 202 , 213 Palagonite, hydration and degradation of, 329 , 348 Phenocrysts, their use in classification, 236 Pickering, Mr., 35 Pieper, Dr. O., 28 Pilsbry, Dr., 380 Pitchstone agglomerates and rubbly pitchstones, petrological characters, 312 , 313 ; evidence of crushing and its connection with palagonite, 92-94 , 142 , 145 , 157 , 312 , 313 , 334 , 340-342 , 346 ( see Palagonite, Crush-tuffs, Crushing of basic glass); mode of occurrence, 105 , 108 , 142 , 157 , 169 , 229 , 230 , 309 [170] Place-names, meaning of Fijian, 75 , 79 , 102 , 119 , 151 , 172 Platania, Prof., 119 , 347 Plutonic rocks, general description, 249-251 ; relative frequency, 235 ; distribution, 249 , 374 ; mode of occurrence, 180 , 182 , 184 , 185 , 193 , 211 Polarity of magnetic rocks, 366-370 Porphyrites, 136 , 175 , 181 , 197 , 199 , 204 , 211 , 261 , 268 , 274 , 299 ; belong to many orders, 236 Prismatic pyroxene of groundmass, its use in classification, 236 , 241-248 ; sub-orders and genera, 265 , 270-272 , 283 , 287 , 289 , 298 , 300 , 302 Profiles of Vanua Levu, 3-6 , 62 , 83 , 107 , 113 , 153 , 167 , 173 Propylites, 68-72 , 106 , 147 , 162 , 181 , 191 , 199 , 204 , 214 , 215 , 268-270 , 282 , 297 ; origin of, 69 , 72 , 191 Pteropod-ooze deposits, description of, 320 ; mode of occurrence, 84 , 86 , 109 , 139 , 201 , 205 , 344 Pumice-tuffs, acid, 6 , 207 , 218-223 , 229-233 ; general description, 336 ; special descriptions, 218 , 220 , 231 Pumice-tuffs, basic, 119 , 333 ; see Hyalomelan-tuffs Pyroxene of groundmass, as a basis of classification, 236 ; see Granular pyroxene, Prismatic pyroxene, Ophitic structure, and Synopsis Pyroxene, rhombic, characters of, 285 , 306 ; intergrowths with monoclinic, 266 , 306 Pyroxene, derivation from hornblende, 306 Quartz, crystals of, 106 , 191 , 354 ; veins of, 106 , 116 Quartz-andesites; see Dacites Quartz-porphyries, mode of occurrence, 215 , 219 , 220 , 226 , 227 , 229-233 ; relative frequency, 235 ; general description, 309-311 ; distribution, 6 , 207 , 374 Quartz-rock, 139 , 351 , 354 Rainfall, 30 , 68 , 120 Rambi, island, 2 ; hot springs, 22 Ravi-koro mountain, 159 Ravi-ravi, 94 Ravuka, 120 ; hot spring, 31 Renard, Prof., 293 , 306 , 338 , 344 Rewa District in Vanua Levu, 95 , 96 Rewa River, Viti Levu, changes at mouth, 16 Rhyolites, 209 ; see Quartz-porphyries Rhyolite-glass, 220 , 311 Rhyolitic-tuffs; see Pumice-tuffs, acid Ridge-mountains, their general appearance, 2 , 6 , 146 , 153 , 185 , 210 , 374 ; their structure and mode of origin, 75 , 145 , 156 , 165 , 166 , 171 , 172 , 177-180 , 182 , 188 , 202 , 210-212 , 216 , 234 ; final conclusion, 375 Rivers; see under Ndreketi, Lambasa Sarawanga, Wainikoro, &c. Rivers, eroding power of, 62 Rocholl, Mr. H., 29 Rosenbusch, Prof., 306 , 344 Ruku-ruku Bay, 53 , 269 Salt Lake District, 2 , 6 , 9 , 192-196 Sarawanga Plains, 15 , 129-132 , 351 , 356 Sarawanga River, 15 , 62 , 129-131 Satulaki, 176 , 268 Savarekareka Bay, 190 , 326 Savulu, 118 Savu-riti Mountain, 210 , 212 Savu-savu Hot Springs, 21 , 25-30 , 189 Savu-savu Peninsula, 189-192 , 288 Sawa-ndrondro, 185 Scirpodendron costatum (Giant Sedge), 79 , 83 Scoriaceous lava; see Lava flows Sealevu District, 146 , 155 , 156 Sealevu Divide, 136 Seatovo Range, 73-75 Seatura, mountain, 2 , 3 , 56 , 253 , 261 , 374 ; general description of, 61-72 ; old town of, 67 Sections across Vanua Levu, 62 , 107 ; see also Profiles Seemann, Dr., 55 Sella, on magnetic rocks, 362 Semi-opal, 351 , 353 Sesaleka Mountain, 3 , 12 , 53 Siliceous concretions, 81 , 83 , 96 , 132 , 135 , 351-355 Siliceous rock, blocks of, 126 , 355 Siliceous sinter, 24 , 25 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 42 Silicification, conditions of, 358 Silicified corals, 10 , 13 , 81 , 132 , 135 , 138 , 139 , 207 , 221 , 226-228 ; theory of their origin, 228 , 357 ; general account of, 350-360 Silicified fern rhizome, 360 Silicified nullipores, 353 , 354 Singa-singa, 110 Singatoka River, Viti Levu, 7 Skinner, Mr. S., 367 Skye, Isle of, magnetic rocks, 362 Smallwood, Mr., 196 Smythe, Colonel, 22 , 195 Soapstones; see Foraminiferous deposits Sokena Ridge, 167 , 169 , 172 Solevu Bay, 75-78 , 253 Solfataric action on rocks, 52 , 69 , 72 , 191 Soloa-levu Mountain, 103-105 , 115 , 296 , 305 , 312 , 374 Solomon Islands, 1 , 2 , 294 , 359 Songombiau, 220 Soni-soni Island, 93 , 94 Soro-levu Mountain, 172-174 Spence, Mr. F., 193 Spheroidal weathering in basalts, 57 , 129 Stromboli, 214 , 315 Submarine basaltic flows and eruptions; see Basaltic submarine flows Submarine plateau or platform of Fiji, 15 , 18 , 19 , 56 , 62 , 72 , 107 , 372 ; different explanations of, 373 Submarine tuffs, 326-336 Sueni District, 163 Suess, Prof., on thermal springs, 39 ; on changes in the sea-level, 20 , 377 Suva soapstone, 322 , 376 Synopsis of classification of volcanic rocks, 239-249 Tachylyte or basic glass, 312 , 337 , 341 , 343 ; see Basic glass, Pitchstone, Hyalomelan, &c. Tahiti, 3 , 72 , 84 , 363 Talasinga Districts, 55 , 57 , 64 , 128 , 132 , 133 , 224 , 352 , 383 Tambia, district, 137 ; hot springs, 32 Tambu-lotu District, 104 , 105 Tathelevu, 198 Tavia, mountain, 121 ; ranges, 121-123 Tavua, 65 Tawaki District, 209 , 229 , 230 Tembe, 213 , 214 Tembe-ni-ndio District, 130 , 131 , 319 Tenison-Woods, Rev., 376 Thambeyu, mountain, 5 , 167 , 289 , 315 , 326 ; description of, 176-179 Thawaro Peak, 230 Thermal springs; see Hot springs Thiele, Mr., 21 Thoka-singa Mountain, 103 , 249 , 302 , 305 Thombo-thombo; see Naithombothombo Thomson, Mr. J. P., 31 , 135 , 210 , 225 Thongea, hot springs, 22 ; basalt, 85 Thoroddsen, on Hekla, 375 Thuku, Mount, 6 , 231 , 308-310 Thulanga; see Uthulanga Thurston Range, 5 , 167 , 176 ; see Thambeyu Tonga Group, 1 , 378 , 379 Tongalevu District, 62 , 64 , 279 Towns, old sites of mountain, 53 , 67 , 101 , 102 , 108 , 156 , 170 Trachytes; see Oligoclase-trachytes Tuffs, chapter on, 317-336 ; foraminiferous, 326-333 ; altered, 184 , 187 , 190 , 332 ; dacitic, 125 , 126 ; see Pumice tuffs, acid and basic; Hyalomelan tuffs; Palagonite tuffs; Crush tuffs; mode of occurrence, 48 , 90 , 109 , 119 , 130 , 156 , 160 , 177 , 190 , 205 , 209 , 215 Tunuloa District, 205 Tutu Island, 221 Ulu-i-matua, 75 , 76 Ulu-i-mbau, 138 , 139 Ulu-i-ndali, 3 , 83 , 87-90 , 253 , 370 Ulu-i-sori, 136 Underwood, Lieut., 364 Undu, district and promontory, 6 , 10 , 36 , 228-234 , 311 , 360 Upheaval; see Emergence Urata, 184 , 298 Uthulanga Ridge, 211 , 286 (also named Thulanga) Vakalalatha Lake, 15 , 225 Valanga Range, 181-185 Valavala Bay, 203 Valeni, 122 Va Lili, 5 , 140-146 Valleys, origin of, 2 , 146 , 151 , 219 Vandrani, district, 139 , 159 ; hot springs, 32 Vanua Mbalavu, hot springs, 22 Variolite, 150 , 283 , 313 Vatui, 54 , 369 Vatu Kaisia, 5 , 113-116 , 296 , 301 , 305 , 374 , 375 Vatu-karoa, 209 , 282 Vatu-karokaro, 54 Vatu-kawa, river, 151 ; district, 160 Vatu-kerimasi, 101 Vatu-lele Bay, 184 Vatu-levoni, 139 Vatuloaloa Hot Springs, 31 Vatu Mata, 103 Vatu-ndamu, 91 Vatu-tangiri, 136 , 144 Vatu Vanaya, 101 Vatu Vono Point, 88 , 89 Vatu-vono District, 121 , 122 Viene District, 198 Visongo District, 221 Viti Levu, 7 , 18 , 350 , 364 , 372 Vitina, 223 Volcanic agglomerates, general description of, 314-316 ; their thickness, 110 , 156 , 171 , 178 , 315 ; mode of occurrence, 5 , 79 , 91 , 110 , 112 , 117 , 141 , 143 , 144 , 149 , 155 , 156 , 161 , 169-172 , 176-179 , 188 , 193 , 213 , 214 ; lying above submarine deposits usually palagonitic and often foraminiferous, 110 , 141 , 143 , 149 , 168 , 169-171 , 176-179 , 188 , 213 , 214 ; see Pitchstone-agglomerates and Landslips Volcanic bomb-formation, 46-48 Volcanic mud deposits; see Foraminiferous deposits Volcanic necks, 54 , 58 , 90 , 93 , 95 , 112 , 183 , 192 , 230 , 234 , 253 , 277 , 283 , 286 , 375 Volcanic rocks, classification of, 235 ; distribution of, 374 Vuinandi Bay, 208 Vuinandi Gap, 175 Vuinasanga, district, 145 ; hot springs, 31 Vui-na-savu, river and district, 222 , 223 , 225 Vula Votu Peak, 176 Vungalei Mountain, 212 , 213 , 315 Vuni-ika Bay, 218 Vunikondi, 232 , 233 , 282 Vunimbele, 139 ; hot springs, 33 Vunimbua, district and river, 182 , 183 Vunimoli, hot springs and district, 33 , 138 , 139 Vunisawana, district, 194 ; hot springs, 34 Vuni-tangaloa, 194 Vunivuvundi District, 87 Waikatakata, Natewa Bay, hot spring and district, 34 , 203 , 275 Waikawa Mountains, 201 , 319 Wailea, bay and district, 46 , 50 Wailevu River, 15 , 138 Wai Mbasanga, Viti Levu, hot springs, 21 Waimotu District, 208 Wai Ndina, Viti Levu, hot springs, 21 Wainikoro, district, 217 , 224-228 , 356 ; coast, 219 , 308 , 310 ; river, 225 Wai-ni-ngio River, 151 , 160 Wainunu, hot springs, 22 ; rainfall 68 ; river and valley, 62 , 82 , 83 Wainunu, plateau or tableland, 3 , 82-87 , 373 ; see figures on pages 83 , 107 Waisali District, 146 , 151 Waisali Saddle, 146-148 Waiwai, 143-145 Waterfalls, 79 , 141 , 163 Wawa Levu Mountain, 101 , 302 , 304 Weed, Mr., on the origin of siliceous sinter, 38 Wichmann, Dr. A., on a continental condition of the Fiji Islands, 376 ; on hyalomelan tuff, 334 ; on flints and silicified corals, 350 , 352 , 360 ; on Kandavu andesites, 293 ; on the absence of quartz-andesites in the South Seas, 294 , 309 ; see the preface Wilkes, Commodore, 11 , 15 , 19 , 25 , 363 , etc. Wittstock, Mr., 36 , 47 , 53 Yanawai coast, 95-97 , 122 Yanawai, river and valley, 113-116 , 121 Yanganga Islands, 2 Yanutha Point, 123 , 284 Yaroi, 189 , 325 Yasawa Group, 294 Zeolites, formation of, in palagonite, 338 Zeolitic palagonite-tuffs, 334 Zirkel, on intergrowths of rhombic pyroxene, 306 ; on palagonite, 343 ; on magnetic rocks, 361

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