The Devil is an Ass

GLOSSARY This age will lend no faith to Darrel’s deed. 5. 3. 27 That could, pitty her selfe. See variants. 5. 3. 28 in Potentiâ. Jonson uses the phrase again in the Alchemist , Wks. 4. 64: ‘The egg’s ... a chicken in potentia .’ It is a late Latin phrase. See Gloss. 5. 4. 17 my proiect o’ the forkes. Forks were just being introduced into England at this time, and were a common subject of satire. The first mention of a fork recorded in the NED. is: ‘1463 Bury Wills (Camden) 40, I beqwethe to Davn John Kertelynge my silvir forke for grene gyngour.’ Cf. Dekker, Guls Horne-booke , Non-dram. Wks. 2. 211: ‘Oh golden world, the suspicious Venecian carued not his meate with a siluer pitch-forke.’ B. & Fl., Queen of Corinth 4. 1 (quoted by Gifford): It doth express th’ enamoured courtier, As full as your fork-carving traveler. Fox , Wks. 3. 261: —Then must you learn the use And handling of your silver fork at meals, The metal of your glass; (these are main matters With your Italian;) Coryat has much to say on the subject ( Crudities 1. 106): ‘I obserued a custome in all those Italian Cities and Townes through the which I passed, that is not vsed in any other country that I saw in my trauels, neither doe I thinke that any other nation of Christendome doth vse it, but only Italy. The Italian and also most strangers that are commorant in Italy, doe alwaies in their meales vse a little forke when they cut their meate. For while with their knife which they hold in one hand they cut the meate out of the dish, they fasten their forke which they hold in their other hand vpon the same dish, so that whatsoeuer he be that sitting in the company of any others at meale, should vnadvisedly touch the dish of meate with his fingers from which all at the table doe cut, he will giue occasion of offence vnto the company, as hauing transgressed the lawes of good manners.... This forme of feeding I vnderstand is generally vsed in all places of Italy, their forkes being for the most part made of yron or steele, and some of siluer, but those are vsed only by Gentlemen.’ Coryat carried this custom home with him to England, for which a friend dubbed him furcifer . This passage is doubtless the source of Jonson’s lines. Compare the last sentence of the quotation with lines 30, 31 of this scene. 5. 4. 23, 4 on my priuate, By cause. See variants. There is no necessity for change. Cf. 1616 Sir R. Dudley in Fortesc. Papers 17: ‘Nor am I so vaine ... bycause I am not worth so much.’ The same form occurs in Sad Shepherd (Fol. 1631-40, p. 143): But, beare yee Douce, bycause, yee may meet mee. Gabriel Harvey uses both the forms by cause and bycause . Prose Wks . 1. 101; 102; et frequenter. 5. 4. 34 at mine owne ap-perill. The word is of rare occurrence. Gifford quotes Timon of Athens 1. 2: ‘Let me stay at thine apperil, Timon;’ and refers to Mag. La. , Wks. 6. 109: ‘Faith, I will bail him at mine own apperil.’ It occurs again in Tale Tub , Wks. 6. 148: ‘As you will answer it at your apperil.’ 5. 5. 10, 11 I will leaue you To your God fathers in Law. ‘This seems to have been a standing joke for a jury. It is used by Shakespeare and by writers prior to him. Thus Bulleyn, speaking of a knavish ostler, says, “I did see him ones aske blessyng to xii godfathers at ones.” Dialogue , 1564.’—G. The passage from Shakespeare is Merch. of Ven. 4. 1. 398: In christening, shalt thou have two godfathers: Had I been judge, thou should’st have had ten more, To bring thee to the gallows, not the font. Cf. also Muse’s Looking Glass , O. Pl. 9. 214: ‘Boets! I had rather zee him remitted to the jail, and have his twelve godvathers, good men and true contemn him to the gallows.’ 5. 5. 50, 51 A Boy O’ thirteene yeere old made him an Asse But t’toher day. Whalley believed this to be an allusion to the ‘boy of Bilson,’ but, as Gifford points out, this case did not occur until 1620, four years after the production of the present play. Gifford believes Thomas Harrison, the ‘boy of Norwich,’ to be alluded to. A short account of his case is given in Hutchinson’s Impostures Detected , pp. 262 f. The affair took place in 1603 or 1604, and it was thought necessary to ‘require the Parents of the said Child, that they suffer not any to repair to their House to visit him, save such as are in Authority and other Persons of special Regard, and known Discretion.’ Hutchinson says that Harrison was twelve years old. It is quite possible, though not probable, that Jonson is referring again to the Boy of Burton, who was only two years older. See note 5. 3. 6 . 5. 5. 58, 59 You had some straine ‘Boue E-la? Cf. 1593 Nash, Christ’s Tears , Wks. 4. 188: ‘You must straine your wits an Ela aboue theyrs.’ Cf. also Nash, Wks. 5. 98 and 253; Lyly, Euphues , Aij; and Gloss. 5. 6. 1 your garnish. ‘This word garnish has been made familiar to all time by the writings of John Howard. “A cruel custom,” says he, “obtains in most of our gaols, which is that of the prisoners demanding of a newcomer garnish , footing, or (as it is called in some London gaols) chummage. Pay or strip are the fatal words. I say fatal, for they are so to some, who, having no money, are obliged to give up part of their scanty apparel; and if they have no bedding or straw to sleep on, contract diseases which I have known to prove mortal.”’—C. Cf. Dekker, If this be not a good Play , Wks. 3. 324: Tis a strong charme gainst all the noisome smels Of Counters, Iaylors, garnishes, and such hels. and Greene, Upstart Courtier , Dija: ‘Let a poore man be arrested ... he shal be almost at an angels charge, what with garnish, crossing and wiping out of the book ... extortions ... not allowed by any statute.’ The money here seems to have been intended for the jailer, rather than for Pug’s fellow-prisoners. The custom was abolished by 4 George IV. c. 43, § 12. 5. 6. 10 I thinke Time be drunke, and sleepes. Cf. 1. 4. 31. For the metaphor cf. New Inn , Wks. 5. 393: If I but knew what drink the time now loved. and Staple of News , Wks. 5. 162: —Now sleep, and rest; Would thou couldst make the time to do so too. 5. 6. 18 confute. ‘A pure Latinism. Confutare is properly to pour cold water in a pot, to prevent it from boiling over; and hence metaphorically, the signification of confuting , reproving, or controuling.’—W. For the present use cf. T. Adams in Spurgeon, Treas. Dav. , 1614, Ps. lxxx. 20: ‘Goliath ... shall be confuted with a pebble.’ R. Coke, Justice Vind. (1660) 15: ‘to be confuted with clubs and hissing.’ 5. 6. 21 the Session. The general or quarter sessions were held regularly four times a year on certain days prescribed by the statutes. The length of time for holding the sessions was fixed at three days, if necessity required it, but the rule was not strictly adhered to. See Beard, The Office of the Justice of the Peace in England , pp. 158 f. 5. 6. 23 In a cart, to be hang’d. ‘Theft and robbery in their coarsest form were for many centuries capital crimes.... The question when theft was first made a capital crime is obscure, but it is certain that at every period some thefts were punished with death, and that by Edward I.’s time, at least, the distinction between grand and petty larceny, which lasted till 1827, was fully established.’—Stephen, Hist. Crim. Law 3. 128 f. 5. 6. 24 The charriot of Triumph, which most of them are. The procession from Newgate by Holbom and Tyburn road was in truth often a ‘triumphall egression,’ and a popular criminal like Jack Sheppard or Jonathan Wild frequently had a large attendance. Cf. Shirley, Wedding 4. 3, Wks. , ed. Gifford, 1. 425: ‘Now I’m in the cart, riding up Holborn in a two-wheeled chariot, with a guard of Halberdiers. There goes a proper fellow , says one; good people pray for me: now I am at the three wooden stilts,’ etc. 5. 6. 48 a body intire. Jonson uses the word in its strict etymological sense. 5. 6. 54 cheated on. Dyce ( Remarks ) points out that this phrase is used in Mrs. Centlivre’s Wonder , Act 2. Sc. 1. Jonson uses it again in Mercury vindicated : ‘and cheat upon your under-officers;’ and Marston in What You Will , Wks. 2. 387. 5. 6. 64 Prouinciall o’ the Cheaters! Provincial is a term borrowed from the church. See Gloss. Of the cheaters Dekker gives an interesting account in the Bel-man of London , Non-dram. Wks. 3. 116 f.: ‘Of all which Lawes , the Highest in place, and the Highest in perdition is the Cheating Law or the Art of winning money by false dyce: Those that practise this studie call themselues Cheators , / the dyce Cheaters , and the money which they purchase [see note 3. 4. 31, 2 .] Cheates [see 1.7.4 and Gloss.]: borrowing the tearme from our common Lawyers, with whome all such casuals as fall to the Lord at the holding of his Leetes , as Waifes , Strayes , & such like, are sayd to be Escheated to the Lords vse and are called Cheates .’ 5. 6. 64 Bawd-ledger. Jonson speaks of a similar official in Every Man out , Wks. 2. 132: ‘He’s a leiger at Horn’s ordinary (cant name for a bawdy-house) yonder.’ See Gloss. 5. 6. 68 to sindge your nayles off. In the fool’s song in Twelfth Night we have the exclamation to the devil: ‘paire thy nayles dad’ (Furness’s ed., p. 273). The editor quotes Malone: ‘The Devil was supposed from choice to keep his nails unpared, and therefore to pare them was an affront. So, in Camden’s Remaines , 1615: “I will follow mine owne minde, and mine old trade; who shall let me? the divel’s nailes are unparde.”’ Compare also Henry V. 4. 4. 76: ‘Bardolph and Nym had ten times more valor than this roaring devil i’ the old play, that every one may pare his nails with a wooden dagger.’ 5. 6. 76 The Diuell was wont to carry away the euill. Eckhardt, p. 100, points out that Jonson’s etymology of the word Vice , which has been a matter of dispute, was the generally accepted one, that is, from vice = evil. 5. 7. 1 Iustice Hall. ‘The name of the Sessions-house in the Old Bailey.’—G. Strype, B. 3. p. 281 says that it was ‘a fair and stately building, very commodious for that affair.’ ‘It standeth backwards, so that it hath no front towards the street, only the gateway leading into the yard before the House, which is spacious. It cost above £6000 the building. And in this place the Lord Mayor, Recorder, the Aldermen and Justices of the Peace for the County of Middlesex do sit, and keep his Majesty’s Sessions of Oyer and Terminer.’ It was destroyed in the Gordon Riots of 1780.—Wh-C. 5. 7. 9 This strange! See variants. The change seriously injures the metre, and the original reading should be preserved. Such absorptions ( this for this is or this’s ) are not uncommon. Cf. Macbeth 3. 4. 17, ed. Furness, p. 165: ‘yet he’s good’ for ‘yet he is as good.’ 5. 8. 2 They had giu’n him potions. Jonson perhaps had in mind the trial of Anne Turner and her accomplices in the Overbury Case of the previous year. See Introduction, p. lxxii . For a discussion of love-philtres see Burton, Anat. of Mel. (ed. Bullen), 3. 145 f. 5. 8. 33 with a Wanion. This word is found only in the phrases ‘with a wanion,’ ‘in a wanion,’ and ‘wanions on you.’ It is a kind of petty imprecation, and occurs rather frequently in the dramatists, but its precise signification and etymology are still in doubt. Boswell, Malone , 21. 61, proposed a derivation from winnowing ,‘a beating;’ Nares from wanung , Saxon, ‘detriment;’ Dyce (Ford’s Wks. 2. 291) from wan (vaande, Dutch, ‘a rod or wand’), ‘of which wannie and wannion are familiar diminutives.’ The CD. makes it a later form of ME. waniand , ‘a waning,’ spec. of the moon, regarded as implying ill luck. 5. 8. 34 If his hornes be forth, the Diuells companion! The jest is too obvious not to be a common one. Thus in Eastward Ho Slitgut, who is impersonating the cuckold at Horn-fair, says: ‘Slight! I think the devil be abroad. in likeness of a storm, to rob me of my horns!’,—Marston’s Wks. 3. 72. Cf. also Staple of News , Wks. 5. 186: ‘And why would you so fain see the devil? would I say. Because he has horns, wife, and may be a cuckold as well as a devil.’ 5. 8. 35 How he foames! For the stock indications of witchcraft see Introduction, p. xlix . 5. 8. 40 The Cockscomb, and the Couerlet. Wittipol is evidently selecting an appropriate name for Fitzdottrel’s buffoonery after the manner of the puppet-shows. It is quite possible that some actual motion of the day was styled ‘the Coxcomb and the Coverlet.’ 5. 8. 50 shee puts in a pinne. Pricking with pins and needles was one of the devil’s regular ways of tormenting bewitched persons. They were often supposed to vomit these articles. So when Voltore feigns possession, Volpone cries out: ‘See! He vomits crooked pins’ ( The Fox , Wks. 3. 312). 5. 8. 61 the Kings Constable. ‘From the earliest times to our own days, there were two bodies of police in England, namely, the parish and high constables, and the watchmen in cities and boroughs. Nothing could exceed their inefficiency in the 17th century. Of the constables, Dalton (in the reign of James I.) observes that they “are often absent from their houses, being for the most part husbandmen.” The charge of Dogberry shows probably with no great caricature what sort of watchmen Shakespeare was familiar with. As late as 1796, Colquhoun observes that the watchmen “were aged and often superannuated men.” ’—Sir J. Stephen, Hist. Crim. Law 1. 194 f. 5. 8. 71 The taking of Tabacco, with which the Diuell Is so delighted. This was an old joke of the time. In Middleton’s Black Book , Wks. 8. 42 f. the devil makes his will, a part of which reads as follows: ‘But turning my legacy to you-ward, Barnaby Burning-glass, arch-tobacco-taker of England, in ordinaries, upon stages both common and private, and lastly, in the lodging of your drab and mistress; I am not a little proud, I can tell you, Barnaby, that you dance after my pipe so long, and for all counter-blasts and tobacco-Nashes (which some call railers), you are not blown away, nor your fiery thirst quenched with the small penny-ale of their contradictions, but still suck that dug of damnation with a long nipple, still burning that rare Phoenix of Phlegethon, tobacco, that from her ashes, burned and knocked out, may arise another pipeful.’ Middleton here refers to Nash’s Pierce Pennilesse and King James I.’s Counterblast to Tobacco . The former in his supplication to the devil says: ‘It is suspected you have been a great tobacco -taker in your youth.’ King James describes it as ‘a custom loathsome to the eye, hateful to the nose, harmful to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the black stinking fume thereof, nearest resembling the horrid stygian smoke of the pit that is bottomless.’ The dramatists seem never to grow tired of this joking allusion to the devil and his pipe of tobacco. Cf. Dekker, If this be not a good Play , Wks. 3. 293: ‘I think the Diuell is sucking Tabaccho, heeres such a Mist.’ Ibid. 327: ‘Are there gentleman diuels too? this is one of those, who studies the black Art, thats to say, drinkes Tobacco.’ Massinger, Guardian , Wks. , p. 344: —You shall fry first For a rotten piece of touchwood, and give fire To the great fiend’s nostrils, when he smokes tobacco! Dekker ( Non-dram. Wks. 2. 89) speaks of ‘that great Tobacconist the Prince of Smoake & darknes, Don Pluto .’ The art of taking or drinking tobacco was much cultivated and had its regular professors. The whiff , the ring , etc., are often spoken of. For the general subject see Dekker, Guls Horne-booke ; Barnaby Riche, Honestie of this Age , 1613; Harrison, Chronology , 1573; Every Man in , etc. An excellent description of a tobacconist’s shop is given in Alchemist , Wks. 4. 37. For a historical account of its introduction see Wheatley. Ev. Man in , p. xlvii. Jonson’s form tabacco is the same as the Italian and Portuguese. See Alden, Bart. Fair , p. 169. 5. 8. 74, 5 yellow, etc. That’s Starch! the Diuell’s Idoll of that colour. For the general subject of yellow starch see note 1. 1. 112, 3 . Compare also Stubbes, Anat. of Abuses , p. 52: ‘The deuil, as he in the fulness of his malice, first inuented these great ruffes, so hath hee now found out also two great stayes to beare vp and maintaine this his kingdome of great ruffes.... The one arch or piller whereby his kingdome of great ruffes is vnderpropped, is a certaine kinde of liquide matter which they call starch , wherein the devil hath willed them to wash and diue his ruffes wel.’ ‘Starch hound’ and ‘Tobacco spawling (spitting)’ are the names of two devils in Dekker’s If this be not a good Play , Wks. 3. 270. Jonson speaks of ‘that idol starch’ again in the Alchemist , Wks. 4. 92. 5. 8. 78 He is the Master of Players. An evident allusion to the Puritan attacks on the stage. This was the period of the renewed literary contest. George Wither had lately published his Abuses stript and whipt , 1613. For the whole subject see Thompson, E. N. S., The Controversy between the Puritans and the Stage , New York, 1903. 5. 8. 81 Figgum. ‘In some of our old dictionaries, fid is explained to caulk with oakum: figgum, or fig’em, may therefore be a vulgar derivative from this term, and signify the lighted flax or tow with which jugglers stuff their mouths when they prepare to amuse the rustics by breathing out smoke and flames: —a nut-shell With tow, and touch-wood in it, to spite fire (5. 3. 4. 5).’ —G. 5. 8. 86, 7 to such a foole, He makes himselfe. For the omission of the relative adverb cf. 1. 3. 34, 35. 5. 8. 89 To come to dinner, in mee the sinner. The conception of this couplet and the lines which Fitzdottrel speaks below was later elaborated in Cocklorrel’s song in the Gipsies Metamorphosed . Pluto in Dekker’s If this be not a good Play , Wks. 3. 268, says that every devil should have ‘a brace of whores to his breakfast.’ Such ideas seem to be descended from the mediæval allegories of men like Raoul de Houdanc, Ruteboeuf, etc. 5. 8. 91, 2 Are you phrenticke, Sir, Or what graue dotage moues you. ‘Dotage, fatuity, or folly, is a common name to all the following species, as some will have it.... Phrenitis , which the Greeks derive from the word φρήν, is a disease of the mind, with a continual madness or dotage, which hath an acute fever annexed, or else an inflammation of the brain, or the membranes or kells of it, with an acute fever, which causeth madness and dotage.’—Burton, Anat. of Mel. , ed. Shilleto, 1. 159-60. 5. 8. 112 f. Οὶ μοὶ κακοδαίμων , etc. See variants. ‘This Greek is from the Plutus of Aristophanes, Act 4, Sc. 3.’—W. Accordingly to Blaydes’s edition, 1886, 11. 850-2. He reads Οἴμοι κακοδαίμων, etc. (Ah! me miserable, and thrice miserable, and four times, and five times, and twelve times, and ten thousand times.) 5. 8. 116 Quebrémos , etc. Let’s break his eye in jest. 5. 8. 118 Di grátia , etc. If you please, sir, if you have money, give me some of it. 5. 8. 119 f. Ouy, Ouy Monsieur , etc. Yes, yes, sir, a poor devil! a poor little devil! 5. 8. 121 by his seuerall languages. Cf. Marston, Malcontent , Wks. 1. 212: ‘ Mal. Phew! the devil: let him possess thee; he’ll teach thee to speak all languages most readily and strangely.’ 5. 8. 132 Such an infernall stincke , etc. Dr. Henry More says that the devil’s ‘leaving an ill smell behind him seems to imply the reality of the business’, and that it is due to ‘those adscititious particles he held together in his visible vehicle being loosened at his vanishing’ (see Lowell, Lit. Essays 2. 347). 5. 8. 133 St. Pulchars Steeple. St. Sepulchre in the Bailey (occasionally written St. ’Pulcher’s) is a church at the western end of Newgate Street and in the ward of Farringdon Without. A church existed here in the twelfth century. The church which Jonson knew was built in the middle of the fifteenth century. The body of the church was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666. It was the custom formerly for the clerk or bellman of St. Sepulchre’s to go under Newgate on the night preceding the execution of a criminal, and, ringing his bell, to repeat certain verses, calling the prisoner to repentance. Another curious custom observed at this church was that of presenting a nosegay to every criminal on his way to Tyburn (see Wh-C.). The executed criminals were buried in the churchyard (d. Middleton, Black Book , Wks. 8. 25). Cunningham says that ‘the word steeple was not used in the restricted sense to which we now confine it. The tower of St. Sepulchre’s in Jonson’s time, must have been very much like what we now see it as most carefully and tastefully restored.’ 5. 8. 134 as farre as Ware. This is a distance of about 22 miles. Ware is an ancient market-town of Herts, situated in a valley on the north side of the river Lea. The ‘great bed of Ware’ is mentioned in Twelfth Night 3. 2. 51, and the town is characterized as ‘durty Ware’ in Dekker’s North-ward Hoe , Wks. 3. 53. 5. 8. 142, 3 I will tell truth , etc. Jonson uses this proverb again in Tale Tub , Wks. 6. 150: ‘tell troth and shame the devil.’ GLOSSARY This glossary is designed to include obsolete, archaic, dialectal, and rare words; current words used in obsolete, archaic, or exceptional senses; and, so far as practicable, obsolete and archaic phrases. Current words in current uses have occasionally been included to avoid confusion, as well as technical words unfamiliar to the ordinary reader. Favorite words have been treated, for the sake of illustration, with especial fullness. For most words treated in its volumes published up to March, 1905, Murray’s New English Dictionary is the chief authority. For words not reached by that work the Century Dictionary has been preferred. The Stanford Dictionary has been found especially useful for anglicized words. It has often been necessary to resort to contemporary foreign dictionaries in the case of words of Romance origin. It has been thought best to refer to all or nearly all important passages. Etymologies are given only in cases of especial interest. A dagger [†] before a word or definition indicates that the word or the particular meaning is obsolete; parallel lines [||] before a word, that it has never become naturalized in English; an interrogation point [?], that the case is doubtful. A , prep. [Worn down from OE. preposition an , on .] With be : engaged in. Arch. or dial. 5. 1. 4. † A’ , prep. Worn down from of . 5. 2. 38. Aboue , adv. Surpassing in degree; exceedingly. 3. 6. 33. Abuse , v. †To impose upon, deceive. 5. 8. 140; 4. 2. 41; 4. 7. 80. Academy , n. ? A school of deportment. 2. 8. 20; 3. 5. 33. Access , n. †Approach; advance. 2. 6. 68. Accompt , n. [Form of account .] A report. 2. 7. 28. Accomptant , † a. [Form of accountant .] Liable to give an account; accountable. 5. 2. 11. Account , n. †Reckoning, consideration. Phr. make account : To reckon, consider. 4. 1. 10. Acknowledge , v. To recognize a service as (from a person). 4. 3. 19. Admire , v. †intr. To feel or express surprise; to wonder. 1. 1. 77. Aduise , v. To warn, dissuade †(from a course). 5. 4. 43. Aërie , a. [Form of airy .] Lively, vivacious. 4. 4. 157. aëry. 3. 5. 13. Affection , n. †Mental tendency; disposition. 4. 4. 126. Afore , prep. In the presence of. Arch. or dial. 4. 4. 167; 5. 5. 7. Afor ehand, adv. Arch. In advance. 1. 3. 41. After-game , n. ‘ Prop. , a second game played in order to reverse or improve the issues of the first; hence, “The scheme which may be laid or the expedients which are practised after the original game has miscarried; methods taken after the first turn of affairs” (Johnson).’ NED. 4. 7. 84. || Alcorça , n. Sp. ‘A conserue.’ Minsheu. Alcorea , n. pr. for Alcorça , q. v. 4. 4. 144. || Allum Scagliola , n. It.? Rock alum. 4. 4. 30. † Almaine-leape , n. A dancing-leap. 1. 1. 97. Almanack-Man , n. †A fortune-teller, foreteller. 1. 7. 25. || Almoiauana , n. Sp. ‘A kinde of cheese-cake.’ Minsheu. 4. 4. 143. Almond milke , n. ‘ Chambers Cycl. Supp. , Almond-milk is a preparation made of sweet blanched almonds and water, of some use in medicine, as an emollient.’ NED. 1. 6. 222. || Aluagada , n. pr. same as Alvayálde , q. v. 4. 4. 27. || Aluayalde or Albayalde , n. Sp. ‘A white colour to paint womens faces called ceruse.’ Minsheu. Ancient , a. ? Belonging to an old family. 1. 2. 17. And , conj. †If. 3. 5. 39. and’. 1. 3. 23. an’. 1. 2. 31. Angel , n. ‘An old English gold coin, called more fully at first the Angel-noble , being originally a new issue of the Noble, having as its device the archangel Michael standing upon, and piercing the dragon.’ NED. Pr. about 10 s. 2. 1. 138. Anone , adv. Now again. P. 10. † Ap-perill , n. Risk. 5. 4. 34. || Aqua nanfa , n. Sp. [Corruption of acqua nanfa .] ‘Sweet water smelling of muske and Orenge-leaves.’ Florio. 4. 4. 146. || Aqua-vitæ , n. Any form of ardent spirits. 2. 1. 5. Arbitrary , a. Law. Discretionary; not fixed. 3. 3. 75. || Arcana , n. [ Pl. of L. a. arcanum , used subst. ] Secrets, mysteries. 4. 4. 151. || Argentata , n. It. ‘A painting for women’s faces.’ Florio. 4. 4. 28. Argument , n. Subject-matter of discussion or discourse; theme, subject. Obs. or arch. 1. 6. 10. Arras , n. [Arras, name of a town in Artois, famed for its manufacture of the fabric.] A hanging screen of a rich tapestry fabric formerly placed around the walls of household apartments. 1. 2. 46. Art , n. 1. A contrivance. 1. 7. 24. †2. Magic art. 1. 5. 21. Artist , n. †A professor of magic arts; an astrologer. 1. 2. 22. As , conj. †With finite verb: That. 1. 4. 30; 1. 6. 61; 3. 2. 23. As , adv. Phr. as that : Even as (in parallel clause, introducing a known circumstance with which a hypothesis is contrasted). 5. 1. 20. Assure , v. †To secure. 3. 5. 68. At , prep. Upon. 1. 6. 114. Atchieue , v. [Form of achieve .] †To gain, win (a material acquisition). 3. 5. 67. Attemp , n. [Form of attempt .] Endeavor to win over. 2. 2. 30. Attempt , v. To try to win over, or seduce. Arch. 4. 5. 7. Audit , n. A statement of account. Fig. , arch. 3. 3. 229. Aye , adv. At all times, on all occasions. (Now only Sc. and north dial. ) 1. 6. 220. Ayre , n. [Form of air .] Manner; sort. 2. 7. 21. Baffle , v. †To treat with contempt. 4. 7. 73 SN. Bag , n. The sac (of the bee) containing honey. 2. 6. 112. Bailie , n. [Form of bailiff .] An officer of justice under a sheriff; a warrant officer. 3. 3. 38. Bane , n. 1. Poison. 2. 7. 18. †2. As exclam. ‘Plague.’ 5. 6. 66. Banke , n. †An artificial earthwork, an embankment. 2. 1. 56. Bare , a. Bare-headed. Arch. 2. 3. 37. Bate , v. †1. To deprive ( of ). 4. 1. 56. †2. To make a reduction ( of ); to deduct. 2. 1. 83; 2. 1. 104. Baudy , 2. 8. 73. See Bawdy . Bawd-ledger , n. Resident minister to the bawds (a mock title coined by Jonson). 5. 6. 64. Bawdry , n. Arch. Lewd talk; obscenity. 4. 1. 176. Bawdy , a. 1. Lewd. 2. 1. 167. 2. absol. quasi-sb. Lewd language, obscenity. 4. 4. 165. baudy. 2. 8. 73. Be , v. pl. Are. Obs. or dial. 2. 8. 63. Bed-fellow , n. †Intimate companion. 2. 8. 9. Behaue , v. †trans. To manage. 2. 8. 71. Benefit , n. Advantage. †Phr. make benefit of : To take advantage of. ? Obs. 2. 2. 98. Beniamin , n. Gum benzoin, an aromatic resin obtained from the Styrax benzoin , a tree of Sumatra, Java, and the neighboring islands, used in medicine, perfumery, and chemistry. || Beniamin di gotta , n. ?Gum benzoin in drops. See Beniamin . 4. 4. 33. Bespeake , v. trans. w. refl. To engage. 1. 6. 214. Bestow , v. To deposit. Arch. 3. 2. 9. Black-water , n. 3. 3. 179. See -water . Blanck manger , n. [Form of blancmange .] †‘A dish composed usually of fowl, but also of other meat, minced with cream, rice, almonds, sugar, eggs, etc.’ NED. 1. 6. 240. Blank , n. ‘A small French coin, originally of silver, but afterwards of copper; also a silver coin of Henry V. current in the parts of France then held by the English. According to Littré, the French blanc was worth 5 deniers. The application of the name in the 17th Cen. is uncertain.’ NED. 3. 3. 33. Blesse , v. †To protect, save (from). 4. 4. 187. Blocke , n. A mould. Spec. Brokers blocke : A mould for clothes in a pawnbroker’s shop. 2. 7. 15. Blocke-head , n. †A wooden block for hats or wigs; hence, a blockish or stupid head. 3. 5. 65. Board , n. Phr. tall board : ?A gaming table. 4. 5. 32 . See note. Booke , n. †A charter or deed; a written grant of privileges. 3. 3. 67; 3. 3. 79. || Borachio , n. Obs. ‘A large leather bottle or bag used in Spain for wine or other liquors.’ NED. 2. 1. 71. Bound , ppl. a. Under obligations of gratitude. 4. 1. 11. Bouzy , a. [Form of bousy .] Sotted. 5. 6. 25. Brach , n. Arch. A bitch-hound. 4. 4. 229. Braue , a. 1. Finely-dressed. Arch. 1. 4. 16; 2. 5. 11. 2. A general epithet of admiration or praise. Arch. 1. 2. 52; 2. 6. 75; 3. 4. 12; 4. 6. 29. † interj. 3. Capital! 1. 1. 67. Brauery , n. †A fine thing; a matter to boast or be proud of. 3. 6. 47. Breake , v. †To speak confidentially ( with a person of a thing). 3. 4. 62. Bring , v. Phr. bring up : ?Augment, increase. 1. 4. 96. Bristo-stone , n. ‘A kind of transparent rock-crystal found in the Clifton limestone near Bristol, resembling the diamond in brilliancy.’ NED. 3. 3. 173. Broker , n. 1. A pawnbroker. 1. 1. 143; 1. 4. 19. 2. With added function of agent or intermediary. 1. 4. 4. Brooke , v. †To endure; not to discredit; to be sufficiently appropriate for. 2. 8. 63. Buckram , a. A kind of coarse linen or cloth stiffened with gum or paste. 2. 1. 63. Bullion , n. †More fully, bullion-hose : Trunk-hose, puffed out at the upper part, in several folds. 3. 3. 217. Bush , n. A branch of ivy used as vintner’s sign; hence, the sign-board of a tavern. 3. 3. 170. Businesse , n. †1. Affectedly used for an ‘affair of honor,’ a duel. 3. 3. 106. †2. A misunderstanding, quarrel. 4. 1. 18. Busse , v. Arch. and dial. To kiss. 3. 6. 1. Buzz , v. Phr. buzz at : 1. To hum about, as an insect. †2. To whisper to; incite by suggestions. Used quibblingly in both senses. 2. 7. 4. † By cause , phr. used as conj. Because. 5. 4. 24. Cabbin , n. †A small room, a boudoir. 1. 6. 238. Cabinet , n. A small chamber or room; a boudoir. Arch. or obs. 4. 4. 152. Campheere , n. [Form of camphor .] 4. 4. 22. Can , v. †tr. To have at one’s command; to be able to supply, devise or suggest (a pregnant use). 3. 6. 39. Caract , n. [Form of carat . Confused with caract =Character.] †Value, estimate. Phr. at all caracts : ‘To the minutest circumstance.’ Gifford. 1. 6. 88. † Caravance , n. ‘Name of sundry kinds of peas and small beans.’ Stanford . † Carrauicins , n. perh.= caravance , q. v. 4. 4. 45. Care , v. To take care. Now only dial . 1. 1. 29. Carefull , a. Anxious, solicitous. Arch. 1. 6. 10. † Caroch , n. A coach or chariot of a stately or luxurious kind. 1. 6. 214. Carroch. 4. 2. 11. Carry , v. 1. tr. To conduct, manage. Arch. 3. 5. 53. ?†2. intr. To be arranged. 3. 3. 126. Case , n. 1. The body (as enclosing the soul, etc.). 5. 6. 39. 2. Condition, supposition. Phr. in case to : In a condition or position to; prepared, ready. Arch. 4. 7. 85. Put case : Suppose. ? Arch. 4. 4. 228. Cast , v. †1. To estimate. 2. 1. 81. †2. To devise. 2. 8. 42. Castle-soape , n. Obs. form of Castile soap . 5. 3. 3. || Cataputia , n. [In Med. L. and It.] ‘The hearbe spurge.’ Florio. 4. 4. 55. † Cater , n. ‘A buyer of provisions or “cates”; in large households the officer who made the necessary purchases of provisions.’ NED. 1. 3. 13. Catholike , a. †Universally efficient. 1. 4. 35. † Cause , conj. Obs. exc. dial. [An elliptic use of the noun for because .] Because. 2. 8. 28; 4. 6. 34. Phr. by cause . See By cause . † Cautelous , a. Crafty. 1. 6. 142. Caution , n. 1. Security; guarantee. 3. 4. 30; 58. 2. A word of warning. 4. 5. 28. Ceruse , n. [White lead.] A paint or cosmetic for the skin; used vaguely. 4. 4. 53. Challengee , n. Rare (perh. coined by Jonson). One who is challenged. 3. 3. 141. Character , n. A cabalistic or magical sign. 1. 2. 9. Charge , n. Expenses; outlay. Arch. 2. 1. 49; 1. 6. 172. Chartell , n. [Form of cartel .] A written challenge. 3. 3. 140. Chaw , v. A common by-form of chew in the 16-17th c. 4. 2. 53. Cheat , n. †Any product of conquest or robbery; booty, spoil. 1. 7. 4. Cheat , v. Phr. cheat on : To cheat. 5. 6. 54. Cheater , n. †A dishonest gamester; a sharper. 5. 6. 64. Check , n. †Reproof, censure. 3. 6. 44. Cheese-trencher , n. A wooden plate for holding or cutting cheese. P. 8. Christall , n. [Form of crystal .] A piece of rock-crystal or similar mineral used in magic art. 1. 2. 6. † Cioppino , n. [Italianated form of chopine .] A kind of shoe raised above the ground by means of a cork sole or the like; worn about 1600 in Spain and Italy, esp. at Venice, where they were monstrously exaggerated. 3. 4. 13 (see note); 4. 4. 69. Cipher , n. A means of conveying secret intelligence: used vaguely. 2. 1. 167· Circle , n. 1. An embrace. 1. 4. 94. 2. Sphere (of influence, etc.). 1. 6. 96. 3. A circular figure (of magic). 1. 2. 26. Cloake-charge , n. The expense of a cloak (coined by Jonson). 2. 2. 42. Cockscomb , n. †A simpleton. 5. 8. 40. Cock-stone , n. †A name of the kidney-bean. 1. 1. 53. Cog , v. To cheat, esp. at dice or cards. 1. 1. 48. † Cokes , n. A simpleton, one easily ‘taken in.’ 2. 2. 104. Collect , v. To infer, deduce. Rare . 1. 6. 234. Come , v. Phr. come off : (in imperative as a call of encouragement to action) Come! come along! 3. 5. 27. Comming , ppl. a. Inclined to make or meet advances. 4. 4. 180. Commoner , n. †A member of the general body of a town-council. 2. 1. 42. Complement , n. †1. Anything which goes to make up or fully equip. 3. 4. 33. †2. Polite or ceremonious greetings. 3. 5. 15. Complexion , n. †1. The combination of the four ‘humors’ of the body in a certain proportion; ‘temperament.’ 2. 2. 122. †2. Bodily habit or constitution. 5. 1. 18. ?3. Appearance of the skin. 1. 4. 63 (or perh. as 2). †4. A coloring preparation, cosmetic. 4. 4. 12. 5. Appearance, aspect ( fig. ). 2. 6. 50. Comport , v. Phr. comport with : †To act in accordance with. 2. 8. 17. || Compos mentis , a. phr. [L. f. com-potis .] Of sound mind. 5. 3. 12. Compter , n. Old spelling of Counter . The name of certain city prisons for debtors; esp. the two London Compters. 3. 1. 20 (see note). Conceit , n. †1. Idea, device. 2. 8. 23. conceipt. †2. Personal opinion. 4. 4. 200. 3. Phr. Out of conceipt : Out of patience, dissatisfied. 2. 8. 18. Concerne , v. †intr. To be of importance. 3. 3. 113. Concurrence , n. A juncture: a condition: used vaguely. 2. 6. 54. Conduit-head , n. †A structure from which water is distributed or made to issue: a reservoir. 5. 1. 27. Confine , v. Imprison. Const. † to . 5. 6. 34. Confute , v. To put to silence (by physical means). 5. 6. 18. Content , a. †Willing. 1. 1. 133. Conuenient , a. †1. Due, proper. 1. 4. 79.   †2. Suitable. 4. 4. 230. Conuey , v. To carry from one place to another (†used of small objects and with connotation of secrecy). 2. 1. 164. Coozen , v. [Form of cozen .] To cheat. 3. 1. 22. cossen. 5. 2. 29. Coozener , n. [Form of cozener .] Impostor. 5. 8. 148. || Coquetta , n. Sp. A small loaf. 4. 4. 143. Corn-ground , n. Arch. A piece of land used for growing corn; corn-land. 3. 1. 17. Cornish , a. Phr. C. counterfeit : referring to the ‘Cornish stone’ or ‘diamond.’ a variety of quartz found in Cornwall. 3. 3. 173. Cossen , v. 5. 2. 29. See Coozen . Councell , n. Obs. form of council . 3. 1. 34; 5. 2. 20. Court , v. Phr. court it : To play or act the courtier. 3. 4. 56. Court-ship , n. †An act of courtesy (used in pl. ) 1. 6. 201. Coyle , n. [Form of coil .] ?An embarrassing situation; a ‘mess.’ 5. 5. 54. Crack , v. intr. To break the musical quality of the voice (used fig. ) 5. 5. 59. Cracke , n. †A lively lad; a ‘rogue’ (playfully), a wag. 2. 8. 58. † Crambe , n. [Form of crambo .] ‘A game in which one player gives a word or line of verse to which each of the others has to find a rime.’ NED. 5. 8. 110. Creak , v. To exhibit the characteristics of; to betray (a fig. use of the lit. meaning). 2. 2. 87. Credit , n. †1. Authority. 1. 4. 29. †2. Repute. 5. 6. 49. Crisped , ppl. a. Closely curled; as applied to trees of uncertain significance. 2. 6. 78 (see note). Cunning , a. †Learned; versed in. 2. 4. 12. Custard , n. †‘Formerly, a kind of open pie containing pieces of meat or fruit covered with a preparation of broth or milk, thickened with eggs, sweetened, and seasoned with spices, etc.’ NED. 1. 1. 97. Cutpurse , n. One who steals by cutting purses; hence, a thief. 1. 1. 140. Cut-work , n. †1. ‘A kind of openwork embroidery or lace worn in the latter part of the 16th and in the 17th c.’ NED. 2. 1. 163; 3. 3. 23. †2. attrib. 1. 1. 128. cut-worke. Danger , n. †Mischief, harm. 2. 6. 30. † Daw , v. Rare. To frighten, torment. 4. 4. 208. Dearling , n. Obs. form of darling . 5. 6. 74. Decimo sexto. ? Obs. ‘A term denoting the size of a book, or of the page of a book, in which each leaf is one-sixteenth of a full sheet; properly Sexto-decimo (usually abbreviated 16mo.).’ NED. Also applied fig. to a diminutive person or thing: hence, ?An exquisite or perfect condition. 4. 4. 50. Deed of Feoffment , phr. 4. 6. 44. See Feoffment . Defeate , n. †Undoing, ruin. Phr. do defeate upon : To do injury to; to bring about the ruin of. 2. 6. 21. Defend , v. †To prohibit, forbid. Obs. exc. dial. 1. 4. 97. Degree , n. 1. A high degree or quality. 2. 1. 89.   2. Any degree. 4. 3. 26. Delicate , a. †1. Charming †2. Voluptuous. 2. 2. 103; 2. 2. 126. Both meanings seem to be present. Delude , v. †To frustrate the aim or purpose of. 1. 6. 54. † Deneer , n. [Form of Denier , obs. or arch. ] A French coin, the twelfth of a sou; originally of silver, but from the 16th c. of copper. Hence (esp. in negative phrases) used as the type of a very small sum. 3. 3. 188. Deny , v. ?Prove false to. 1. 4. 91. Depart , v. †Phr. depart with : To part with; give up. 1. 4. 58; 1. 4. 83. Dependance , n. †A quarrel or affair ‘depending,’ or awaiting settlement. 3. 3. 130. Devil , n. Jonson uses the following forms: Deuill. 5. 5. 49, etc.; Diuel. 5. 5. 20; Diuell. Titlepage, etc. Diligence , n. †pl. Labors, exertions. 2. 2. 106. Discourse , n. †Conversational power. 4. 4. 225. Discourse , v. To discuss. Arch. 4. 2. 40. Dishonesty , n. †Unchastity. 4. 4. 158. † Displeasant , a. Displeasing; disagreeable. Epilogue 6. Distast , n. †Quarrel. 3. 3. 77. Diuident , n. [Erron. spelling of dividend .] †The share (of anything divided among a number of persons) that falls to each to receive. 2. 1. 123; 3. 3. 201. Dotage , n. Infatuation. 5. 8. 92 (see note). Dottrel , n. 1. A species of plover (Eudromias morinellus). 2. A silly person; one easily ‘taken in.’ 2. 8. 59. See note 2. 2. 49-50 . Doublet , n. A close-fitting body-garment, with or without sleeves, worn by men from the 14th to the 18th centuries. Obs. exc. Hist. 1. 1. 52. Phr. hose and doublet : as the typical male attire. 1. 6. 151. Doubt , n. †Apprehension; fear. 5. 1. 8. Doubt , v. †To suspect; have suspicions about. 2. 6. 47. Dough-bak’d , ppl. a. Now dial. Imperfectly baked, so as to remain doughy. 4. 4. 20. Doxey , n. ‘Originally the term in Vagabonds’ Cant for the unmarried mistress of a beggar or rogue: hence. slang , a mistress, prostitute.’ NED. 2. 8. 38. Draw , v. †1. To pass through a strainer; to bring to proper consistence. 1. 6. 222. 2. To frame, draw up (a document). 3. 3. 67. †3. intr. To withdraw. 2. 1. 127. 4. Phr. draw to : To come upon; to catch up with. 2. 6. 24. Dwindle , v. †‘To shrink (with fear.) Obs. , rare . (Prob. a misuse owing to two senses of shrink.)’ NED. 4. 4. 63. Effectuall , a. ?Earnest. 2. 2. 107. † E-la , n. Mus. Obs. exc. Hist. [f. E+La; denoting the particular note E which occurred only in the seventh Hexachord, in which it was sung to the syllable la .] ‘The highest note in the Gamut, or the highest note of the 7th Hexachord of Guido, answering to the upper E in the treble.’ NED. Fig. of something very ambitious. 5. 5. 59. Employ , v. †Phr. employ out : To send out (a person) with a commission. 5. 5. 46. Engag’d , ppl. a. 1. Morally bound. 4. 6. 9. †2. Involved, hampered. 1. 2. 41. †3. Made security for a payment; rendered liable for a debt. 3. 3. 90. Enlarge , v. †Phr. enlarge upon , refl. absol. : To expand (oneself) in words, give free vent to one’s thoughts. 2. 1. 128. Ensigne , n. †Token; signal displayed. ? Obs. 1. 6. 210. Enter , v. Phrases. †1. Enter a bond : To enter into a bond; to sign a bond. 1. 7. 17. †2. Enter trust with : To repose confidence in. 3. 4. 36. Entertaine , v. †1. To give reception to; receive (a person). 1. 2. 44. †2. To take into one’s service; hire. 3. 5. 19. Enter-view , n. Obs. form of interview . 2. 6. 23. Enuious , a. †Hateful. 1. 6. 196. Enuy , n. †Ill-will, enmity. 2. 6. 20. Enuy , v. trans. †To begrudge (a thing). 1. 6. 13. Equiuock , n. [ Obs. form (or misspelling) of equivoke .] The use of words in a double meaning with intent to deceive:=Equivocation. Rare. 3. 3. 184. Erect , v. †To set up, establish, found (an office). Obs. or arch. exc. in Law . 3. 3. 67. || Escudero , n. Sp. An attendant; a lady’s page. 4. 4. 87. Euill , n. The Vice, q. v. 5. 6. 76. Exchequer , n. The office of the Exchequer; used hyperbol. for the source of wealth. 3. 3. 81. Extraordinary , † adv. Extraordinarily. 1. 1. 116. Extreme , † adv. Extremely. 1. 7. 27. Extremity , n. ?An extreme instance. 1. 5. 15. Face , n. Attitude (towards); reception (of). P. 21. Fact , n. †1. The making, manufacture. 3. 4. 49. 2. Phr. with one’s fact : as an actual experience. 5. 6. 13. Faine , v. Obs. form of feign . 5. 5. 28. Fauour , n. †1. Leave, permission. Phr. under (your) fauour : with all submission, subject to correction. Obs. or arch. 1. 3. 27. 2. ?Comeliness; ?face. 4. 6. 49. Feate , n. A business transaction. 3. 3. 227. Fellow , n. Phr. good fellow : Of a woman. A term of familiar address. 5. 1. 5. Feoffee , n. The person to whom a freehold estate in land is conveyed by a feoffment. 3. 5. 60. Feoffment , n. ‘The action of investing a person with a fief or fee. In technical language applied esp. to the particular mode of conveyance (originally the only one used, but now almost obsolete) in which a person is invested in a freehold estate in lands by livery of seisin (at common law generally, but not necessarily, evidenced by a deed, which, however, is not required by statute).’ NED. 4. 5. 15; 4. 7. 7. Phr. Deed of Feoffment : ‘The instrument or deed by which corporeal hereditaments are conveyed.’ NED. 4. 6. 44. Fetch , v. 1. To earn; get (money). 2. 1. 72. †2. To perform, take (a leap). 1. 1. 55. †3. Phr. Fetch again : To revive, restore to consciousness. 2. 1. 4. † Figgum , n. ?Juggler’s tricks (not found elsewhere). 5. 8. 82. Finenesse , n. †‘Overstrained and factitious scrupulousness.’ Gifford. 3. 3. 104. Firke , v. †To frisk about; ?to hitch oneself (Cunningham). 5. 6. 15. Fixed , ppl. a. Made rigid or immobile (by emotion). 1. 5. 2. Fizzling , vbl. sb. †Breaking wind without noise. 5. 3. 2. Flower , n. † Anc. Chem. ( pl. ): ‘The pulverulent form of any substance, esp. as the result of condensation after sublimation.’ NED. 4. 4. 19. Fly , v. Of a hawk: To pursue by flying: used fig. 4. 7. 53. Flye-blowne , a. Tainted. With a quibble on the literal meaning. 2. 7. 7. Fool , v. Phr. fool off : To delude, baffle. 2. 6. 25. Forbeare , v. trans. †To keep away from or from interfering with; to leave alone. 1. 3. 22. Forked , a. ‘Horned,’ cuckolded. 2. 2. 90. Foyle , n. [Form of foil .] A thin leaf of some metal placed under a precious stone to increase its brilliancy. 3. 3. 180. French-masque , n. pr. the ‘Loo,’ or ‘Loup,’ a half-mask of velvet, worn by females to protect the complexion. 2. 1. 162. French-time , n. ?Formal and rhythmic measure (as characteristic of the French, in contrast to Italian, music). 3. 5. 30. Frolick , n. †?Humorous verses circulated at a feast. 2. 8. 73. || Fucus , n. †Paint or cosmetic for beautifying the skin; a wash or coloring for the face. 3. 4. 50; 4. 2. 63. Fustian , n. †A kind of coarse cloth made of cotton and flax. 3. 3. 30. ’Gainst , prep. [Form of against .] In anticipation of. Arch. 1. 1. 19. ’Gainst , conj. In anticipation that; in case that. Arch. or dial. 1. 1. 73; 3. 2. 39. Gallant , n. 1. A man of fashion and pleasure; a fine gentleman. Arch. 1. 7. 27; 4. 4. 167. †2. Of a woman: A fashionably attired beauty. 3. 4. 8. Gallant , a. Loosely, as a general epithet of admiration or praise: Splendid. Cf. Brave . Now rare . 2. 1. 58. Gallery , n. 1. A long narrow platform or balcony on the outside of a building. 2. 2. 54. 2. A room for pictures. 2. 5. 13. Galley-pot , n. [Form of gallipot .] ‘A small earthen glazed pot, esp. one used by apothecaries for ointments and medicines.’ NED. 4. 4. 47. Garnish , n. slang . ‘Money extorted from a new prisoner, either as drink money for the other prisoners, or as a jailer’s fee. Obs. exc. Hist. ’ NED. 5. 6. 1 (see note). Geere , n. [Form of gear .] ?Discourse, talk; esp. in depreciatory sense, ‘stuff.’ Or possibly obs. form of jeer . 1. 6. 99 (see note). Gentleman , n. ‘A man of gentle birth, or having the same heraldic status as those of gentle birth; properly, one who is entitled to bear arms, though not ranking among the nobility. Now chiefly Hist. ’ NED. 3. 1. 1. Gentleman huisher , n. 3. 4. 43. Same as Gentleman-vsher , q. v. Gentleman-vsher , n. A gentleman acting as usher to a person of superior rank. 4. 4. 134. Gentleman huisher. 3. 4. 43. See note 4. 4. 134 . Gentlewoman , n. 1. A woman of gentle birth. 3. 3. 164.  2. A female attendant upon a lady of rank. Now chiefly Hist. 5. 1. 26. Gleeke , n. ‘A game at cards, played by three persons: forty-four cards were used, twelve being dealt to each player, while the remaining eight formed a common “stock.”’ NED. Phr. three peny Gleeke . 5. 2. 31. Glidder , v. Obs. exc. dial. To glaze over. 4. 4. 47. Globe , n. The name of a play-house; hence, used as a generic term for a play-house. 3. 3. 26. Go , v. Phrases. 1. Goe on : as an expression of encouragement, Come along! advance! 3. 5. 27. 2. Goe with : Agree with. 4. 4. 133. God b’w’you [God be with you], Phr. Good-bye. 1. 6. 223. Godwit , n. A marsh-bird of the genus Limosa. Formerly in great repute, when fattened, for the table. 3. 3. 25. † Gogs-nownes , n. A corrupt form of ‘God’s wounds’ employed in oaths. 1. 1. 50. Gold-smith , n. A worker in gold, who (down to the 18th c.) acted as banker. 2. 8. 84. Googe , v. [Form of gouge .] To cut out. 2. 1. 94. Gossip , n. A familiar acquaintance, chum (applied to women). Somewhat arch. 1. 6. 219; 2. 8. 69. Grandee , n. A Spanish or Portuguese nobleman of the highest rank; hence, †A term of polite address. P. 3. † Grant-paroll [Fr. grande parole ], n. Full permission (?not found elsewhere). 5. 6. 19. || Grasso di serpe , n. It. ?‘Snake’s †fat.’ Stanford. 4. 4. 34. Gratulate , v. Now arch. and poet. †1. To rejoice. Phr. gratulate with : rejoice with, felicitate. 4. 1. 14. 2. tr. To rejoice at. 5. 1. 51. Groat , n. A denomination of coin which was recognized from the 13th c. in various countries of Europe. The English groat was coined 1351(2)-1662, and was originally equal to four pence. †The type of a very small sum (cf. Deneer ). 5. 4. 6. Groome , n. 1. A serving man. Obs. or arch. 2. 2. 65. †2. With added connotation of contempt. 2. 2. 87. || Guarda-duenna , n. Sp. A lady’s attendant. 4. 4. 83. || Guardo-duenna , n. 4. 4. 77. See Guarda-duenna . Gueld , v. [Form of Geld .] † transf. and fig. To mutilate: impair. 1. 1. 65. Guilt , ppl. a. [Form of gilt .] Gilded. 1. 6. 214. Hand-gout , n. Gout in the hand; used fig. of an unwillingness to grant favors without a recompense; hard-fistedness. 3. 3. 79. Hand-kercher , n. Form of handkerchief . Obs. exc. dial. and vulgar. Common in literary use in 16-17th c. 4. 4. 89. Handsomenesse , n. †Decency. 4. 3. 26. Hang , v. Phr. hang out : †To put to death by hanging. 5. 6. 8. Hap’ , v. Shortened form of happen . Phr. may hap’ see : May chance to see (in process of transition to an adverb). 3. 2. 8. † Hard-wax , n. ?Sealing-wax. 5. 1. 39. Harness , v. †To dress, apparel. 2. 5. 6. † Harrington , n. Obs. exc. Hist. ‘A brass farthing token, coined by John, Lord Harrington, under a patent granted him by James I. in 1613.’ NED. 2. 1. 83. Ha’s , v. Has. (Prob. a recollection of earlier forms, hafs , haves . Mallory.) 5. 3. 9; 4. 6. 43. Heare , v. Phr. heare ill of (it): To be censured for. ? Obs. or ? colloq. 2. 7. 28. Heauy , a. †Dull, stupid. 5. 6. 39. Hedge , v. †Phr. hedge in : To secure (a debt) by including it in a larger one for which better security is obtained; to include a smaller debt in a larger. 2. 8. 104; 3. 2. 6. Height , n. 1. A superior quality; a high degree. 2. 1. 70. 2. The highest point; the most important particular. 4. 4. 212. 3. Excellence; perfection of accomplishment. 2. 8. 59. 4. Phr. at height : In the highest degree; to one’s utmost satisfaction. 5. 3. 22. Here by , adv. †Close by; in this neighborhood. 3. 4. 41. His , poss. pron. 3d sing. †neut. Its. 2. 1. 103. Hold , v. Phr. hold in with : To keep (one) on good terms with. ? Obs. 3. 3. 221. Honest , a. Chaste, virtuous. Arch. 4. 4. 161. Honour , n. †An obeisance; a bow or curtsy. 3. 5. 27. Hood , n. ‘French hood, a form of hood worn by women in the 16th and 17th centuries, having the front band depressed over the forehead, and raised in folds or loops over the temples.’ NED. 1. 1. 99. Hooke , v. 1. intr. To get all one can; to display a grasping nature. 3. 3. 156. 2. Phr. hooke in : To secure by hook or by crook. 3. 3. 150. Hope , v. Phr. hope †o’ : To have hope of; hope for. 1. 5. 1. Horne , n. In pl. , the supposed insignia of a cuckold. 5. 8. 34. Hose , n. †Breeches. Phr. hose and doublet . 1. 6. 151. † Huisher , n. Obs. form of usher . 2. 7. 33. See Gentleman-vsher . Hum , n. †A kind of liquor; strong or double ale. 1. 1. 114; 5. 8. 72. Humour , v. To take a fancy to. ? Obs. 1. 7. 13. I , Obs. form of ay . 1. 2. 1: passim . I , prep. In. 2. 4. 41. || Incubus , n. ‘A feigned evil spirit or demon (originating in personified representations of the nightmare) supposed to descend upon persons in their sleep, and especially to seek carnal intercourse with women. In the middle ages, their existence was recognized by the ecclesiasical and civil law.’ NED. 2. 3. 26. || In decimo sexto , phr. 4. 4. 50. See Decimo sexto . || Infanta , n. 1. A daughter of the King and queen of Spain or Portugal; spec. the eldest daughter who is not heir to the throne. 2. † transf. Applied analogously or fancifully to other young ladies. 4. 2. 71. Ingag’d , ppl. a. Obs. form of Engag’d. 4. 4. 168. See Engag’d 1. Ingenious , a. †Able; talented; clever. 2. 8. 75. Ingine , n. †1. Skill in contriving, ingenuity. 2. 3. 46. †2. Plot; snare, wile. 2. 2. 87. With play on 3. 3. Mechanical contrivance, machine; †trap. Ingrate , a. Ungrateful. Arch. 1. 6. 174. Iniquity , n. The name of a comic character or buffoon in the old moralities; a name of the Vice, q. v. 1. 1. 43; 1. 1. 118. Inquire , v. †To seek information concerning, investigate. 3. 1. 11. Innes of Court , sb. phr. The four sets of buildings belonging to the four legal societies which have the exclusive right of admitting persons to practise at the bar, and hold a course of instruction and examination for that purpose. 3. 1. 8 . (see note). Intend , v. †To pay heed to; apprehend. 4. 4. 127. Intire , a. Obs. form of entire . [Fr. entier ‹ L. integer , untouched.] Untouched, uninjured. 2. 6. 32; 5. 6. 48. Intitle , v. [Form of entitle .] To give (a person) a rightful claim (to a thing). 4. 6. 38. Intreat , v. [Form of entreat .] †To prevail on by supplication; to persuade. 3. 6. 44. Iacke , n. 1. The name of various mechanical contrivances. 1. 4. 50. †2. A term of familiarity; pet. 2. 2. 128. Iewes-trumpe , n. Now rare . Jews’ harp (an earlier name, and formerly equally common in England). 1. 1. 92. Joynt-stoole , v. A stool made of parts joined or fitted together; a stool made by a joiner as distinguished from one of more clumsy workmanship. Obs. exc. Hist. 1. 1. 92. Iump , v. †1. intr. Act hurriedly or rashly. 4. 1. 5. †2. trans. To effect or do as with a jump; to dispatch. 4. 1. 6. Iust , a. †1. Complete in character. 1. 5. 10. 2. Proper, correct. 2. 2. 122. Iuuentus , n. 1. 1. 50. See Lusty . † Kell , n. The web or cocoon of a spinning caterpillar. Obs. exc. dial. 2. 6. 79. Kinde , n. (One’s) nature. Now rare . Phr. man and kinde : ?Human nature. 2. 1. 151. Know , v. 1. To know how. ? Obs. 1. 2. 44. ?2. pass. be known : Disclose. 2. 1. 145. Knowledge , n. †1. Cognizance, notice. Phr. Take knowledge (with clause): To become aware. 4. 4. 61. 2. A matter of knowledge; a known fact (a licentious use). 1. 6. 82. Lade , v. To load with obloquy or ridicule (as an ass with a burden; the consciousness of the metaphor being always present in the mind of the speaker). 1. 4. 72. Lading , vbl. sb. A burden of obloquy or ridicule. 1. 6. 161. See Lade . Lady-President , n. 4. 4. 9. See President . Larum , n. †An apparatus attached to a clock or watch, to produce a ringing sound at any fixed hour. 4. 4. 165. Lasse , int. Aphetic form of Alas . 5. 8. 46. Lay , v. †To expound, set forth. 2. 8. 72. Leaguer , n. A military camp. 3. 3. 33. Leaue , v. To cease. Now only arch. 2. 2. 79; 4. 4. 125. Leg , n. An obeisance made by drawing back one leg and bending the other; a bow, scrape. Esp. in phr. to make a leg . Now arch. or jocular. 4. 4. 97. legge. 2. 8. 22. || Lentisco , n. Sp. and It. Prick-wood or Foule-rice, some call it Lentiske or Mastike-tree.’ Florio. (Pistacia lentiscus.) 4. 4. 35. Letter of Atturney , sb. phr. A formal document empowering another person to perform certain acts on one’s behalf (now more usually ‘power of attorney’). 4. 5. 15. Lewd , a. †Ignorant (implying a reproach). 5. 6. 37. Liberall , a. Ample, large. Somewhat rare . 1. 6. 179. Lift , v. To raise (as by a crane). Used fig. (a metaphor borrowed from Ingine’s name). 1. 4. 1. Like , v. †To be pleasing, be liked or approved. P. 26. Limb , n. 1. A leg (a part of the body). ?2. A leg (curtsy. See Leg ). A quibble on the two >meanings. 1. 6. 218. Limon , n. Obs. form of lemon . 4. 4. 25. Liuery and seisen , sb. phr. erron. for Livery of seisin (AF. livery de seisin ): ‘The delivery of property into the corporal possession of a person; in the case of a house, by giving him the ring, latch or key of the door; in case of land, by delivering him a twig, a piece of turf, or the like.’ NED. 4. 5. 16. Loose , v. Obs. form of lose . 4. 7. 79. Lords-man , n. A lord’s man; an attendant on a lord. ? Obs. 3. 3. 166. Lose , v. †To be deprived of the opportunity (to do something). 3. 4. 26. Lusty , a. Merry; healthy, vigorous. Phr. lusty Iuuentus : the title of a morality play produced c 1550; often used allusively in the 16-17th c. 1. 1. 50. Light , int. A shortened form of the asseveration by this light , or by God’s light . 2. 6. 15. Mad-dame , n. A whimsical spelling of Madame . †A courtesan, prostitute. 4. 3. 39. Make , v. Phr. make away : To make away with; to kill. 2. 4. 9. Manage , v. intr. ?To administer the affairs of a household. 4. 4. 193. Manager , n. ?One capable of administering the affairs of a household. 4. 4. 138. || Mantecada (for Mantecado ), n. Sp. ‘A cake made of honey, meal, and oil; a wafer.’ Pineda, 1740. 4. 4. 143. Mary , int. [ < ME. Mary , the name of the Virgin, invoked in oaths.] Form of Marry . Indeed! 1. 4. 28. Masque , n. A masquerade. 2. 2. 110. Masticke , n. ‘A resinous substance obtained from the common mastic-tree, Pistacia Lentiseus , a small tree about twelve feet high, native in the countries about the Mediterranean. In the East mastic is chewed by the women.’ CD. 4. 2. 54. Match , n. †An agreement; a bargain. 1. 4. 67. Mathematicall , a. ?Mathematically accurate; skillful to the point of precision. 1. 4. 4. Meath , n. [Form of Mead .] A strong liquor. 1. 1. 115 (see note). Med’cine , v. To treat or affect by a chemical process. 2. 1. 70. Mercat , n. [Form of market .] 1. 1. 10. Mere , a. †Absolute, unqualified. 2. 3. 12. meere. 1. 4. 54. Mermaide , n. The name of a tavern; hence, used as a generic term for a tavern. 3. 3. 26. Mettall , n. 1. Metal. 2. Mettle. A quibble on the two meanings. 2. 8. 105. Middling , a. †One performing the function of a go-between. Phr. middling Gossip : A go-between. 1. 6. 219. Mill , n. A lapidary wheel. 3. 3. 176. † Migniard , a. Delicate, dainty, pretty. 1. 4. 96. Missiue , a. Sent or proceeding, as from some authoritative or official source. 3. 3. 35. Moiety , n. A half share. 2. 1. 46. moyety. 2. 1. 48. Monkey , n. A term of endearment; pet. ? Obs. 2. 2. 127. † Moon-ling , n. A simpleton, fool. 1. 6. 158. Motion , n. †A puppet-show. 1. 6. 230. Much about , prep. phr. Not far from; very near. ? Obs. 4. 4. 153. Mungril , a. Obs. form of mongrel . 3. 1. 39. Mure , v. Phr. mure up : To inclose in walls; immure. 2. 2. 91. Muscatell , a. [Form of muscadel .] Of the muscadel rape. 2. 1. 102. Muscatell , n. A sweet wine. 2. 1. 102; 2. 2. 95. See above. Muscouy glasse , n. Muscovite; common or potash mica; the light colored mica of granite and similar rocks. P. 17. || Mustaccioli , n. It. [For Mostaciuolli .] ‘A kind of sugar or ginger bread.’ Florio. 4. 4. 144. Muta , n. [?L. mutare , to change.] ?A dye (?coined by Jonson). 4. 4. 56.

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