Illustrations of Shakspeare, and of Ancient Manners: with Dissertations on the Clowns and Fools of Shakspeare; on a Collection of Popular Tales Entitled Gesta Romanorum; and on the English Morris dance.

INDEX. INDEX. "Commoditas homines studiosos invitavit librorum Indices comparare, quibus minimo labore ad id quod quisque quæreret, tanquam manu duceretur."— Cicero ad Atticum. A. PAGE Æsop's Fables, a ludicrous cut in some editions of them, 12 Æsopian fables, account of a collection of them made during the middle ages, 361 ——, moralized, 523 Affiancing, some account of this ancient ceremony, 67 , 248 Ages of man, prints of them, 185 Alexander the great, his good savour, 150 ——, his arms as one of the nine worthies, 150 Althea's firebrand, inaccurately alluded to by Shakspeare, 278 Alligator, a conjecture on the derivation of this word, 436 Alliterative and anapæstic lines, in Love's labour's lost, not Shakspeare's, 133 Amaimon, the name of a Devil, 264 Ambrose, Saint, a hymn by him against nocturnal illusions, 128 Amulets against fascination, 303 , 305 ——, phallic, 304 Anachronisms, those of Shakspeare pointed out, 488 Angels, cracked, 460 Anglo-Norman song, 447 Apemantus, his character whence borrowed, 356 Apollonius Tyaneus, account of this romance, 398 April and May, to smell, 45 Appeal for treason, the ceremony observed in the combats on that occasion, 317 , 487 Arbeau Thoinot, his Orchesographie, a curious treatise on dancing, 135 , 301 Archee or Archy Armstrong, the fool of James I. and Charles I., 502 , 505 , 513 Armin, Robert, an imitator of Shakspeare in his play of The Valiant Welshman, 476 Arthur's show, some account of it, 283 Artillery, names given to it formerly, 261 Ars moriendi, account of a print copied from it, 325 Arvals, description of them, 439 Asmodeus, the demon of nocturnal illusions, 129 Ass, receipt to make a man resemble one, 119 Autolycus, not a minstrel, 216 ——, whence his character taken, 217 B. Bacon, Lord, story from his apophthegms, 276 Badge, account of this ancient mark of servitude, 205 ——, representation of it, 209 Bagpipe woollen, the true reading, 162 Banks, some account of him and his horse, 131 Banshee, an Irish fairy, 237 Bardolph, his face, the subject of Falstaff's wit, 267 Bartholomæus de proprietatibus rerum, account of this book, 487 Basilisco oaths, 247 Basilisk, its fabulous property, 321 Batman upon Bartholome, its original price, 6 Battles, the absurd way of representing them on the ancient stage, 296 Bauble, the fool's, description of various sorts of it, 386 , 509 Bavian fool, 593 Beadles, their ancient dress, 293 Bear-licking, popular notions respecting it, 330 Beaufort, Cardinal, strictures on a celebrated painting of his death, 325 Beaumont and Fletcher, one edition of their plays curious for the prints, 489 Bed, blessing of the bridal, 485 Bellona's bridegroom, this expression defended, 228 Bell-savage, sign of the, explained, 61 Belly and the members, origin of this apologue investigated, 361 Benzoria, a sort of witch or fairy, 236 Bercheur or Berchorius, his Repertorium morale, 528 ——, whether the author of the Gesta Romanorum, ib. Bermuda, island of, 3 Betrothing, some account of this ancient ceremony, 67 , 248 Bestiarium, an old work on natural history, 522 , 524 Bills, the setting up of, 101 Bird-bolts, explained, 102 Blessing of beds, an ancient ceremony, 126 —— of chambers, ib. Blue coats, 205 Boccaccio's novels, a very ancient English translation of them pointed out, 103 ——, account of the English translation of his Decameron, 382 Bond story in the Merchant of Venice, remarks on it, 171 Boot, torture of the, explained, 21 Bow, the awkward use of it by crowkeepers, 417 Bows, materials of which they were made in England, 244 Bras, the ancient pronunciation of this French word ascertained, 310 Brawl, account of this ancient dance, 134 Brazen tombs, meaning of this expression, 130 Breaking the little finger, a token of amorous dalliance, 262 Breeches bible, particulars relating to it, 233 Bridal-bed, ceremony of blessing it, 123 Bromyard, John, an old English preacher, his Summa prædicantium described, 526 Brothels, signs anciently belonging to them described, 397 ——, jesters employed in them, 358 , 378 Budha, a deity of Ceylon, story of him and a hare, 10 Bunyan, John, supposed to have been indebted to an old romance for the materials of his Pilgrim's progress, 256 Burial service, particulars of it before the reformation, 222 C. Cakes and ale, old custom relating to them, 55 Canary dance, description of, 136 Candlesticks, remarks on ancient ones, 308 Cardanus's comforte, a book used by Shakspeare, 461 Carol, an ancient one, 217 Carpet-knights, account of, 66 Casket story in the Merchant of Venice, remarks on it, 169 , 486 Cat, why the favourite of witches, 243 Catullus, a remarkable coincidence between a passage in this author and one in Shakspeare, 461 Cavendish's life of Wolsey, account of, 159 Cavendish, some remarks on his life of Wolsey, 344 Caxton's chronicle, some account of it, 260 ——, his chess book not didactic, 522 ——, not the author of a chronicle ascribed to him, 422 , 512 Ceremonies, popular, modern corruptions in them noticed, 586 Chastellain, George, his account of the manner in which the duke of Gloucester was put to death, 322 China dishes, when first brought into England, 78 Chopine, description of it, 457 Chrisome explained, 299 Cilhart, the favourite hound of Prince Llewellyn, a story relating to him, 547 Clarence, duke of, the manner of his death, 323 Cleopatra, her trick upon Marc Antony, 369 Clerk of Chatham, in King Henry the Sixth, an unreal character, 327 Clown, various remarks on this character, 32 , 74 , 94 , 151 , 167 , 191 , 200 , 224 Clowns in old plays, classification of them, 499 ——, various remarks on, 374 , 387 , 398 , 483 , 497 ——. See Fool. Clocks, their antiquity in England, 138 Coin with cracked edges, hoarded by usurers, 459 Colevile of the dale, 289 Combats, single, in cases of treason, ceremonies observed in them, 317 , 487 Comet, a medal stricken to commemorate that which appeared on the death of Julius Cæsar, 364 Concert improperly used for consort, 314 Conde Lucanor, a Spanish collection of novels, 212 Conscience, its dispute with the flesh, the subject of an old Monkish fable, 157 Contest devots, account of them, 521 Copley, Antony, account of a work written by him, 210 Cornelius's tub, uncertainty of the origin of this expression, 357 Coroners, their conduct satirized by Shakspeare, 476 Corporal of the field, his office explained, 138 Coryat, a curious quotation from him, 330 Cotgrave, the first edition of his valuable dictionary, 140 Coventry pageants, remarks on, 217 —— plays, an extract from one of them, 463 Covercle, whence derived, 282 Cressets, some account of them, 264 Cressida, how punished for her falsehood to Troilus, 299 Critic on Shakspeare, a female one censured, 379 Cross-gartering, fashion of explained, 57 Crotalum, account of this ancient instrument, 509 Crowns of the sun, the coins so called described, 396 Crying clubs, illustration of that custom, 344 Cude Yeddy, an idiot so called, 416 Cupid, his golden shaft, 53 , 484 ——, his blindness, 137 ——, why called a hangman, 107 , 146 Curry favour, origin of this phrase, 291 Curtain formerly placed before pictures, 53 Cymbeline, remarks on the story of this play, 381 D. Dagonet, the fool of King Arthur in the romances of the round table, some account of him, 283 , 286 Daiphantus, a work by Scoloker, in which Hamlet is alluded to, 465 , 478 Dame Habunde or Abunde, a fairy, 237 Dance of death, account of a remarkable one, 81 Dancing rapier, 193 Danes, formerly remarkable for hard drinking, 449 Death and the fool, a subject borrowed from the Dance of death, 80 —— and the lady, old representations of, 478 Dedications, prices of in the time of Elizabeth, 573 Deer, killed by ladies in ancient times, 139 Despenser, Hugh le, his arraignment in the original form, 274 Devices, whence those of the knights in Pericles were borrowed, 392 Devil, his roaring, 258 ——'s ruff-shop, print of it, 220 ——s invoked by witches, account of them, 315 Diana, a name for Hecate in modern times, 235 ——, patroness of witches, 236 Dictionary, the first French and English, by Hollyband, afterwards amplified by Cotgrave, 140 Dieu et mon droit, when this motto was originally used, 248 Dragon on Chinese porcelain, 18 ——, a character in the morris dance, 600 Drinking horns, formerly carried by lunatics, &c., 415 Drinking pots with hoops, explained, 327 Duke, its ancient meaning, 111 Dun is in the mire, an old proverbial phrase, 425 E. Edward shovel-boards, 33 Ego et rex meus, remarks on this expression, 341 Elbow, rubbing the, a popular superstition, 273 Elf-knots, 426 Elf-locks, ib. Elf-stones, ib. Elizabeth, Queen, a compliment to her, 341 Eloisa, some compositions by her noticed, 472 Ephesiacs of Xenophon, a romance which is supposed to have furnished a material incident in the story of Romeo and Juliet, 436 Essex, Earl of, a supposed allusion to his death, 250 Euriphile, whence the name borrowed by Shakspeare, 378 Evil spirits, how the Greeks expelled them from dying persons, 326 Eyes, green, 30 ——, grey, ib. F. Fair lady of Norwich, origin of a curious story so entitled, 545 Fairies, delight in cleanliness, 122 ——, miscellaneous remarks on them, 238 ——, their blessing, 127 ——, their immortality defended, 114 ——, their rings, 111 , 114 ——, their song, 51 Falling of the axe, this expression examined, 187 Falstaff, the severity of his punishment censured, 294 Farmer, Doctor, a mistake in a note by him pointed out, 571 Fascination against the influence of evil eyes, remarks on it, 303 Fashions in dress, the English always remarkable for their variation of them, 105 Fate, used by Shakspeare for fortune, and not death according to Warburton, 146 Father friar, this expression explained, 84 Favel, the ancient name of a horse, 291 Fica, 303 Ficus, remarks on the disease so called, 304 Fig, making the, explained, 302 Fig of Spain, 307 Finis coronat opus, remarks on this phrase, 199 Florio's First fruits, some account of that book, 140 Fool, death's, 80 ——, fortune's, 146 ——, time's, 273 ——, various remarks on this character, 18 , 55 , 74 , 94 , 198 , 200 ——, Charles the First's, 502 ——, city and corporation, 500 ——, court, 502 ——, domestic, 499 , 501 ——, Duke of Mantua's, story of him, 505 ——, Earl of Suffolk's, 503 ——, female, 500 ——, fortune's, 431 ——, in brothels, 358 , 500 ——, in dumb shows at fairs, 501 ——, in the mysteries and moralities, 500 ——, Lord Mansel's, 504 ——, Louis the Thirteenth's, 505 ——, morris, 501 , 592 ——, mountebank's, 501 ——, Pope's, ib. ——, proverb relating to him explained, 506 ——, Sir Thomas More's, 513 ——, stage, his office, 507 , 514 ——, story of a Welsh one, 503 ——, strumpet's, 358 , 500 ——, tavern, 500 ——, various remarks on this character, 358 , 412 , 419 , 483 , 497 ——, Whitson ale, 501 ——, William the Conqueror's, ib. Fool's bauble, 509 —— cockscomb, 508 —— combat with death, 394 —— dress, 507 , 510 —— general mode of behaviour, 504 —— punishment, 505 Fools, begged, 148 ——, pre-eminence of those in Shakspeare's plays, 514 ——, their decline, 503 , 515 ——. See Clowns. Fortunatus, origin of the story of this romance, 553 Fox-tails, how worn by ladies in the reign of Edward I., 512 French crown, 76 —— songs and ballads, 446 , 472 , 474 Friar and the boy, a popular story used by Shakspeare, 14 Frier John and frier Richard, a curious story so entitled, 392 , 545 —— Tuck, origin of his name, 587 Funeral feasts, borrowed from the ancients, 439 G. Gascoine, justice, an anachronism concerning him, 293 Gentlemen, what they formerly were, 214 , 223 ——, who were so formerly, 429 , 476 , 486 Gesta Romanorum, 400 , 401 , 402 , 403 , 420 —— ——, some account of it, 167 , 170 —— ——, a curious story from an ancient English MS. of it, 172 —— ——, analysis of a work under this name composed in England, 537 —— ——, inquiries concerning its authors, 527 , 571 —— ——, manuscripts of it, 531 , 536 , 574 —— ——, printed editions of it, 532 , 571 , 575 —— ——, question examined whether composed in England, 535 —— ——, stories from it used in the pulpit, or otherwise to entertain the monks, 527 —— ——, translations of it, 533 , 571 —— ——, two works under this name, 520 Ghosts retire at the approach of day, 120 ——, damned, 466 ——, reasons for their appearing, 450 ——, why exclusively addressed by scholars, 438 ——, why said to fast, 451 ——, why they disappeared at the dawn of day, 452 Gilliflower, applied by Perdita to a painted woman, 219 Gilt two-pences, 290 Ginger, in great use formerly as a stomachic, 88 Girdle, turning of the, explained, 109 Gis, a corruption of Jesus, 475 Gloucester, duke of, discordant accounts of his death, 322 Giving hands, an old expression for bestowing applause, 129 Glow-worm's fire, 118 Goblin, what it signified in former times, 242 Golden legend, a story from that work, 239 Gowrie conspiracy, 213 Gower, supposed to have translated the Gesta Romanorum into English, 572 Grace, when this title was first used, 320 Grammatical errors in Shakspeare, 181 Gray, Mr., borrowed from Shakspeare, 343 Green sleeves, an old ballad, 37 —— eyes, less uncommon formerly than at present, 433 —— sleeves, some account of an old time so called, 484 Guido's painting of Bacchus and Ariadne, remarks on, 29 Guido of Colonna, his Troy book not an original work as usually supposed, but borrowed from Benoit de Saint More a Norman French poet, 353 Guillelmus Hilacensis, singular title bestowed on himself, 523 Guy Faux, how treated by the modern populace, 586 H. Halfpence, tearing pieces into, explained, 107 Halifax gibbet, 188 Hamlet, alluded to in Scoloker's Daiphantus, 478 ——, enigmatical speech by him explained, 469 Hamlet, his madness, 456 Harlequin, the successor to the old vice of our theatres, 288 Harry ten shillings, when first coined, 283 Hay, an ancient dance, a sort of brawl, 146 Heaping coals of fire on a person's head, explanation of this phrase, 423 Heart, the seat of courage among the ancients, 365 Hearts and hands, 482 Hecate, how accented by Shakspeare, 122 ——, her team, 121 ——, miscellaneous remarks on, 235 Helmet, some observations on this part of ancient armour, 269 Henbane, 452 ——, Shakspeare's insane root, 229 Heraldry ridiculed by Shakspeare, 476 Herb John, a proverbial expression relating to it, 481 Hermit of Prague, 66 Herne's oak, 51 Herod, account of his character in the old mysteries, 463 ——, his character in the old mysteries illustrated, 85 Herodias, 236 , 237 Higa, mistake concerning its etymology, 306 Hobby-horse, a character in the morris dance, 595 Holinshed, an error in his chronicle, 297 Hollyband, his real name Sainliens, 139 Horn, romance of King, 2 Horned head-dresses of the ladies, 125 Horse, the dancing, account of, 131 Horses, ancient names of, 291 Hugo de Sancto Victore, some tales and fables ascribed to him, 524 Hume, Mr., a singular remark by him, 323 Hundred merry tales, discussion relating to them, 102 Hyena, 189 I. Idiots, begging of them, 148 Imagines Mortis, a series of prints supposed to have been known to Shakspeare, 252 Infamis digitus, 302 Israel Von Mecheln, account of a curious print engraven by him representing a morris dance, 585 Jachimo, remarks on this name, 375 Jack of the clock-house, 337 Janus, his double head difficult to explain, 154 Jesus, corruption of his name into Gis, 475 ——, name of, inscribed on swords, 455 Jews, their usury, 155 Joculator, ancient meaning of this word, 502 Jourdain, Margery, some account of her, 316 Judas, an allusion to him,. 215 K. Kaukie, a sort of fairies, 239 Killigrew, not a regular jester, 503 King Henry the Sixth, account of prayers composed by him, 337 —— —— —— ——, reasons why the whole of the plays on his reign were not written by Shakspeare, 332 King Lear, an unpublished story of him and his daughters, 420 Kirke, Colonel, his conduct misrepresented by Mr. Hume, 95 Kirtle, some observations on it, 282 , 294 Kissing, part of the ancient ceremony of betrothing, 248 Knight, remarks on this title, 378 Knights topers, ceremony of dubbing them, 293 L. Labyrinthus, the author of this Latin comedy indebted to Shakspeare, 427 Lady of the May, 589 Lancaster, Duke of, an error relating to him corrected, 277 Lark, parallel passages relating to his singing extracted from old poets, 375 Lavolta, an ancient dance described, 300 Law of the twelve tables, permitting a creditor to mangle the debtor's body, 178 Lawyers compared to frogs by an old monkish writer, 528 Leland probably translated the Gesta Romanorum, 571 , 573 Lenox, Mrs., the injustice of some of her criticisms on Shakspeare, 97 , 110 Lion, generosity of this animal, 189 Liver, the seat of love, 38 Liveries of servants, 206 Lord of the May, 590 Love, blindness of, noticed by Chaucer, 138 Love's labour's lost, this play supposed to have been taken from a French novel, 152 Lowth, Bishop, mistaken in his opinion concerning wastel bread, 444 Lucifer the morning star, Aurora's harbinger, 120 Lullaby songs, remarks on them, 383 —— ——, specimens of, 385 Lydgate, his poem against horned head-dresses, 125 Lydgate, monk of Bury, supposed to have been concerned in an English translation of the Gesta Romanorum, 572 Lying at Ladies' feet, an ancient custom, 466 M. Machiavellus, an unpublished Latin play, 163 Maiden, an instrument for beheading criminals, some account of it, 188 Maid Marian, her character in the morris dance described, 588 Maillard, Father, his sermons resemble those of the Methodists, 88 Majesty, when first used as a title by sovereigns, 319 Making the fig, explained, 302 Man, how expressed in the Chinese language, 415 Man in the moon, remarks on him, 9 Manuscript, account of a beautiful one, 471 Manus lasciva, 303 Maret, fool of Louis XIII., story of him, 505 Marian, derivation of this name, 588 Marie de France, a fable written by her, 525 Marigold, 219 Markham, Jervis, author of "a health to the gentlemanly profession of serving men", 207 Marshall, John, some account of him, 551 Mary, when this name first used, 589 Masks, 28 Masques, representations of ancient, 425 Matachins, dance of, 578 May-dew on fairy rings, superstition relating to it, 112 May games, 581 , 584 —— —— censured by the Puritans, 595 May lady, 589 Measure for measure, remarks on the story of it, 94 —— —— ——, a story resembling its plot, 484 Medlars, some remarks on them, 186 Merchant of Venice, remarks on the story of it, 167 Merchant, particular application of this word in the time of Shakspeare, 429 Mill-sixpences, 33 Milton imitates Shakspeare, 113 , 117 , 130 Minstrels, some remarks on them, 216 Misletoe, ancient prejudice against the berries of it, 386 Moidor, its etymology, 309 Monarch of the North, a Devil invoked by witches, 315 Monkies, the ancient manner of retaining them, 335 Montfaucon, a mistake by him pointed out, 455 Moon, eclipse of, ideas of various nations concerning it, 18 Moon, how represented by the Chinese, 10 , 243 —— —— —— by the Egyptians, 243 ——, its moisture, 116 ——, use of it among witches, 16 Mooncalf, 9 Morality, singular incident in one, 515 Moralizations, the practice of adding them to various works in former times, 522 Morris dance, characters of which it was composed, 586 —— ——, different sorts of it described, 581 —— ——, etymology of, 572 —— ——, French, 579 —— ——, music to a French one, 580 —— ——, origin of, 577 —— ——, representations of it described, 584 —— ——, when first introduced into England, 580 Morris dancers described, 601 Morton, Earl of, the manner of his execution, 188 Mother Bombie, 64 Mother Cole, some resemblance between her character and that of Falstaff, 276 Muffler, description of this article of female dress, 47 Muckle John, fool of Charles I., 502 Music, defence of it, against Lord Chesterfield and Mr. Steevens, 165 N. Naked man with shears, this emblem of the versatility of fashion not peculiar to the English, 106 Nashe, a story from his Lenten stuffe, 368 Needle-work, ancient, some account of it, 59 Neptune, converted into a mischievous fairy, 240 Nicholas, Saint, why the patron of scholars, 26 Nicholas's clerks, a name for highwaymen, 27 Nicneven, 237 Night-mare, charm against it, 126 Night spells, 127 Nine men's morris, an account of this game and of the origin of the term, 114 Norman drinking song, 447 North, monarch of the, a Devil so called, 315 Northbrooke, John, a puritanical writer in the manner of Stubbes, 135 O. Oberon, king of the fairies, 113 Occleve, indebted to the Gesta Romanorum for two of his stories, 552 , 570 Occleve, supposed to have translated the Gesta Romanorum into English, 572 Odo de Ceriton, his tales and fables, 524 —— —— —— —— —— —— ——, specimens of them, 525 Orleans, duke of, account of his poems, 471 Ovid, his Metamorphoses moralized, 522 P. Pageant of the nine worthies, 149 —— of the sea, 154 Painters, their errors in costume, 490 Pandarus, an allusion to him, 311 Paradin's heroical devises, a book probably used by the author of Pericles, 392 Parke's Curtaine drawer of the world, a book of great merit, 116 ——, William, quotations from his Curtaine drawer of the world, 360 , 418 Partizan, a different weapon from the pike, 370 Passameasure, music to an old dance so called, 281 Patch, not the real name of a fool as commonly supposed, 158 Patenson, the fool of Sir Thomas More, 513 Paul's, St., cathedral, bills formerly stuck up there as now at the Royal Exchange, 101 Pavan, an ancient dance, 72 Peacock pie, 448 Pengelden, Rees, a Welsh fool, story of him, 503 Penmanship in the time of Elizabeth remarkably beautiful, 87 Pentapolis, account of, 388 Pericles, the story of this play examined, 398 Perseus and Andromeda, errors of artists in representing the story of it, 348 Perseus's horse, a critique on it, 347 Perspective glasses, 73 Pheasant pie, 448 Phrases, particular ones in the mouths of theatrical characters, 37 Physicians formerly attended by servants to carry their swords, ib. Picture of old Adam new apparelled, 226 Pillory, remarks on this mode of punishment, 90 ——, several specimens of it represented, 91 Platting of horses' manes, a superstitious notion explained, 425 Players censured for their stage interpolations, 498 Poking-sticks, 220 Poor Tom, hints for dressing this character on the stage, 415 Preachers, account of ancient, 523 ——, their custom of introducing stories into their sermons, 521 Proverbs, old ones explained, 506 , 525 Provincial roses, account of, 467 Provost, the story of one, 87 Punch, Dr. Johnson mistaken in his opinion concerning the origin of this theatrical character, 469 Purgatory, allusions to it in Measure for measure, 82 Puritans burlesqued the music of the Papists, 218 Putscet, a deity of the Samogitæ, 239 Q. Quail-fighting, remarks on, 367 Queen of Sheba, an ancient sign, explained, 61 R. Raoul le Fevre, account of his history of Troy, 354 Rapier, account of this weapon, 39 ——, engraving of an old one, 279 Receipt to make men seem like horses, 484 Red, an emblem of courage, 156 Reels danced by witches, 370 Retainers, a sort of servants, 206 Reynard the fox, when this romance was composed, 526 Richard III., his deformity, 335 Riddles, their occasional introduction into ancient romances, 389 Riding the wild mare, a childish sport, 282 Rings interchanged on betrothing, 68 Ritson, Mr., a mistake by him corrected, 605 Rivets in armour, when closed up, 308 Robin Rush, the idiot fool of Lord Bussy Mansel, 504 Robinson, Richard, account of a work by him, 285 —— ——, prices of his dedications, 574 —— ——, some curious works by him specified, 573 Rome, pronunciation of this word in Shakspeare's time, 364 Romeo and Juliet, the original story of this play borrowed in part from a Greek romance, 436 Rosemary, a token of remembrance, 218 ——, its use at funerals, 434 Roses of Provins, 467 Rowe, his edition of Shakspeare curious for the prints, 489 Ruffs, satirized in old prints, 220 Rushes, custom of strewing them in halls, &c., 294 Rush ring marriages, explained, 194 S. Sack, remarks on it, 256 Sackvile's Complaynt of the duke of Bvckingham, a poem ridiculed by Shakspeare, 281 Saint Helen's fire, a meteor, 3 Satyr's dance, 222 Scoloker, Antony, his Daiphantu, 465 , 478 Seldom comes the better, explanation of this phrase, 333 Seven wise masters, the Gesta Romanorum indebted to it, 544 , 547 Setebos, 7 Senile odium, of Stubbes, quoted, 129 Sexten, a fool belonging to Wolsey, 158 Shakspeare, his grammatical errors, 181 ——, his correct knowledge of the ceremonies belonging to the Romish Church, 325 ——, his metaphors often careless and confused, 338 ——, ridiculed by Fletcher, 451 , 452 ——, the quarto editions of his plays full of typographical errors, 463 Sheriff's fool, 198 Shields in heraldry, conjectures on their origin, 477 Ship of fools, by Brandt, cited, 510 —— —— ——, English prose translation of it by Watson, 462 Shove-groat, an ancient game, 279 Shovel-board, an ancient game, ib. Shylock, what his stage dress should be, 155 Sidney, Sir Philip, reprobated the custom of introducing fools on the stage, 498 Sights, remarkable love for strange ones among the English, 9 Sir Isumbras, an incident in one of the stories in the Gesta Romanorum, borrowed from that romance, 543 Sleep, death's counterfeit, 232 Slide-groat, an ancient game, 279 Solomon's judgment, stories in imitation of it, 550 Somers, Will, portraits of him described, 336 , 512 Somner, Mr., his erroneous opinion on wastel bread, 446 Songs, ancient, 385 , 414 , 433 , 447 , 474 Southern wind, destructive, 6 Spirits belonging to magicians, 5 Staff tipped with horn, explained, 109 Stag, his secretion of tears, 183 Stalking-horses, bulls, &c., 106 Stanihurst's Virgil, passages from it, 249 Stars on ancient medals, expressive of immortality, 397 Stone, a celebrated fool, 505 Stones, superstitions relating to them, 426 , 453 Stothard, Mr., his painting of Chaucer's pilgrims, 490 Stowe, an error in his Annals pointed out, 290 ——, engraving of an initial letter in his Survey of London, 81 Straparola, his novels quoted, 212 Strappado, a military torture explained, 263 Stumble at the threshold, explanation of this phrase, 331 Suicides how buried formerly, 476 Swan, the death-song of this bird mentioned in various authors, 161 Swan's Speculum mundi, cited for some lines in Shakspeare with variations, 428 Sword and buckler, remarks on their use, 259 Sword, used as a bridge by heroes of ancient chivalry, ib. ——, swearing by it, 455 Swords, mottoes on them, 279 Symposii ænigmata, some account of the work so called, 399 T. Table books, description of those used in Shakspeare's time, 454 Tabor, an instrument used by fools, 61 Tabourot, the earliest writer on dancing, 579 Taming of the shrew, stories resembling that of the induction to this play, 211 —— —— —— ——, outline of the play itself in a Spanish work, 212 Tempest, whence the construction of this play was suggested, 4 Theobald defended against Warburton, 218 Thor's hammers, stones so called that were supposed to control the manes of the dead, 453 Thunderbolt, superstitions relating to it, 369 Time's fool, 273 Timon of Athens, his epitaph, 358 Toad, remarks on the supposed stone or jewel in its head, 181 Tollett, Mr., remarks on his curious painting on glass of a morris dance, 584 Tom Piper, a character in the morris dance, 595 Torch bearers at masques, account of, 424 Touchstone, his real character, 181 Trencher-scraping, 11 Tristan de Leonnois, a riddle from that romance, 389 Trinculo, how he should be dressed on the stage, 12 , 18 Troilus and Cressida, the origin of their story examined, 352 Troth-plighting, 24 Troy, the names of its gates borrowed by Shakspeare from Caxton's Recuyles or destruction of Troy, and not from Lydgate, 346 ——, the siege of it a frequent subject on old tapestry, 346 Trump, an ancient game at cards explained, 374 Tyrants in the old mysteries, great swearers, 85 Tyrian tapestry, explained, 204 U. Ucalegon, Dr. Bentley mistaken in his conception of that character, 277 Unities, neglected by the ancient theatrical writers, 296 Urchins' dance, 7 Urinals, the portraits of physicians anciently represented with them, 45 Usurers, some of their practices described, 459 Valentine, a palace so called at Turin, 472 Valentine and Orson, some editions of this romance specified, 462 Valentines, custom of choosing examined, 470 Vice of the old moralities, etymologically considered, 287 ——, an ancient theatrical character, 500 , 510 Virgil's gnat, some account of it, 548 Vow of the peacock, 290 W. Wandering knight, the name of a spiritual romance, 255 Warton, Mr., character of his History of English poetry, 519 Warburton, his hyper-criticisms, 217 , 294 Wassel, the origin and meaning of this word, 441 Wastel bread, explained, 444 Watson, translated Valentine and Orson, and The ship of fools, 462 Watts, Mr., his erroneous account of wastel bread, 445 Wax tablets, some account of, 455 We three, picture of, 54 Whale to virginity, meaning of this phrase, 199 Whitney's emblems, probably used by the author of Pericles, 393 Wicliffe's bible, an invaluable monument of the English language, 251 Will the taborer, a Welsh fool, 504 Williames, a fool belonging to Wolsey, 158 Willow-garlands, the custom of wearing them explained, 104 , 164 Wind, an image relating to it, 482 Wine, formerly made in England, 449 Winter's tale, character of it, 224 Wise woman, 60 , 63 Wits, fittes and fancies, account of a book so called, 210 —— —— —— ——, a story from that work, 468 Wolsey, Cardinal, account of his fools, 158 —— ——, articles against him, 341 —— ——, improperly censured for placing a cardinal's hat on his coins, 343 —— ——, Shakspeare's allusion to a strumpet kept by him, 341 X. Xenophon of Ephesus, a romance written by him supposed to have been used by the author of the story of Romeo and Juliet, 436 ——, Two of the incidents in his Ephesiacs occur in Cymbeline, 437 Y. Yellow, an epithet applied to jealousy, 105 Yew, bows made of it, 245 ——, connected with witchcraft, 244 ——, why planted in church-yards, ib. Younger brothers, their servile degradation in former times, 208 Z. Zimimar, monarch of the North, a Devil invoked by witches, 315

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