Social Environment and Moral Progress

Index Index Acquired characters, definition of, 104 characters, on the heredity of, 103 Adaptation, 106 Adulteration, 55 Alcoholism, deaths from, 67 in women, 68 statistics of, 68 America, Central, architecture of, 34 Animals, natural selection among, 75 Anthropological Review , 99 Apes, anthropoid, affinity with man, 93 Aquatic forms of life, increase of, 85 Archimedes, 34 Australian aborigines, character of, 33 and Caucasians, 34 Barnardo, Dr., 141 Beaver, 95 Bimana, 94 Brahé, Tycho, 23 Brain as organ of the mind, 94 Bribery, 56 Browning's, Mrs., Cry of the Children , 42 Buddha, 8 Capitalism, 152 Caucasians and Australian aborigines, 34 Causes of economic evils, 154 Chambers's Vestiges of Creation , 81 Character, definition of, 4 difficulty of knowing good from bad, 5 mental faculties and, 5 morality based upon, 5 not cumulative, 37 of savage races, 32 permanence of, 8 public opinion and, 36 selective agency to improve, 36 subject to variation, 36 transmission of, 4 , 7 , 36 variability and, 82 Characters, acquired, definition of, 104 acquired, heredity of, 103 innate, 104 , 110 heredity of, 110 Chemical trades, evils of, 50 Child labour, evils of, 41 , 43 Church, the work of the, 118 Civil law system, 62 Civilisation during 18th century, 40 evolution and, 157 of ancient Egypt, 15 , 35 of ancient India, 8 of ancient Mesopotamia, 15 Civilisations, ancient, 112 Classical writers, our indebtedness to, 115 Coal mines, accidents in, 43 child labour in, 43 female workers in, 43 insecurity in, 43 who the, belong to, 45 Commercial system, immorality of our, 55 Companies, Limited Liability, 56 Competition, 154 Conduct, character and, 5 environment and, 6 Confucius, 8 Cook, Captain, opinion of, on natives of Friendly Isles, 32 Co-operation, 154 , 160 Criminal law system, 64 Cruciferæ family, increase of, 84 Curr, Mr., opinion of, on Australian aborigines, 33 Cutlery trade, evils of, 50 Daily Citizen quoted, 51 , 52 Darwin and heredity, 103 and natural selection, 87 , 93 , 125 and transference of selection to mind, 99 and variability, 82 on Tahitians, 32 Darwin's Descent of Man , 93 , 125 Origin of Species , 82 theory of Pangenesis, 104 Darwinism and Lamarckism, 78 , 81 and variability, 82 objections to, 85 , 90 ( See also Evolution , Lamarckism , Natural selection , etc.) Deadly trades, 50 Dell's, J. H., Dawning Grey quoted, 117 Descent of Man , Darwin's, 93 , 125 Divine influx into man, 92 , 115 , 119 Divorce, 74 Dutt, Mr. Romesh, quoted, 9 Dwellings, insanitary, 47 Economic advance, evils of, 150 antagonism, 155 brotherhood, 155 evils, causes of, 154 remedies for, 154 Education, effects of, not hereditary, 111 , 114 extension of period of, 143 national system of, needed, 146 of the world, 111 Egypt, astronomy in ancient, 18 civilisation of ancient, 15 , 35 intellect in ancient, 16 Eighteenth century, stationary epoch, 40 , 122 Elephants, increase of, 85 Environment, laws of heredity and, 103 modified by man, 95 not always responsible for specialisation, 106 remedies, 154 social, and conduct, 6 social, character of, 153 social, during 19th century, 40 social, evils of, causes of, 154 Equality of opportunity, 155 Erman, Prof. Adolf, quoted, 26 Euclid, 34 Eugenics, methods of, 127 science of, established by Sir F. Galton, 127 Eugenists, 149 Evil, origin of, problem of, 118 possible solution of, 119 Evolution, a rational theory, 81 acceptance of, 81 and civilisation, 157 Lamarckism and, 81 Chambers and, 81 Darwin and, 81 exposition of, by Spencer, 81 natural selection and, 77 objections to, 81 , 90 variability of species, 8 , 82 ( See also Darwinism , Lamarckism , Natural selection , etc.) Factory system, development of, 41 evils of, 41 Fertility, law of diminishing, 144 , 147 Fines v. imprisonment, 65 Friendly Isles, natives of, character of, 32 Galton, Sir Francis, 37 eugenic theory of, 127 on laws of increase of population, 127 Galvanising trade, evils of, 51 Gambling, immorality of, 59 in trade, 58 inconsistent attitude to, 59 Stock Exchange, 59 Genius, not cumulative, 37 not necessarily hereditary, 37 ; examples, 38 Gothic architecture, 34 Greece, 121 architecture of ancient, 34 Heredity and genius, 37 and "recession to mediocrity," 38 beneficence of law of, 115 Darwin and, 103 importance of subject, 103 Lamarck and, 104 laws of, and environment, 103 misconceptions regarding, 103 of innate characters, 110 Herschel, Sir John, 82 Homer, 8 Hominidæ, 94 Human nature, faculties of, 100 Imprisonment v. fines, 65 India, architecture of ancient, 34 intelligence and morality in ancient, 9 , 11 , 15 religious conceptions in ancient, 11 Individuation, 142 Infantile mortality, Prof. Petrie on, 140 statistics of, 47 , 72 Injustice, social, 155 Innate characters, 104 heredity of, 110 Insanitary dwellings, 47 Intellect in ancient India, 9 , 11 , 15 permanence of, 15 Intellectual advance not general, 142 Jesus Christ, 116 Justice, administration of, 62 immorality of, 66 , 152 Lamarck and evolution, 81 and heredity, 104 Lamarckism, 78 , 89 and Darwinism, 78 insufficiency of, as a theory, 80 Land, access to, 155 Language, 28 diversity of, 120 lowest races possess, 31 Law, civil, system, 62 criminal, system, 64 partiality of the, 65 Layard, Sir H., 16 Le Conte, Prof., quoted, 139 Lead glaze trade, evils of, 50 Lead poisoning of workers, 51 Life-destroying trades, 47 Lyell's Principles of Geology quoted, 78 Maha-Bharata, Indian epic, quoted, 8 Malthus, 139 Mammals, classification of, 94 Man, affinity of, with anthropoid apes, 93 and marriage, 133 dignity of, 91 Divine influx into, 92 , 115 , 119 external differences between, and apes, 93 modifies his environment, 95 moral sense in, 91 nature of, stationary, 102 position of, 91 predominance of mind in, 98 preparation of, for progress, 120 selection transferred to mind in, 99 three great races of, 100 triumph of, over Nature, 95 , 150 Marriage, 143 freedom of, insisted upon, 128 man and, 133 women and, 133 Mental faculties in formation of character, 5 Mesopotamia, civilisation of ancient, 15 Mind, brain the organ of the, 94 predominance of, in man, 98 selection transferred to, in man, 99 Monier-Williams, Sir M., 11 Monopoly, 155 Moral degradation, indications of, 67 progress, definition of, 1 progress, initiating new era of, 150 progress through new form of selection, 125 sense in man, 91 Morality amongst the ancients, 8 based upon character, 5 based upon human nature, 4 evolution and, 157 in ancient India, 9 no definite advance in, 36 product of environment, 3 savages and, 31 standards of, varying, 2 Morals, definition of, 1 Natural selection, among animals, 75 and evolution, 77 and origin of species, 82 explanation of, 75 , 87 modification of, by man, 96 , 99 modified by mind, 93 new form of, 125 process of, 112 two modes of, 125 Nineteenth century, environment during, 40 movements during, 122 reaction against forced civilisation during, 41 O'Grady, Mr. S., quoted, 156 Oliver's, Sir T., Diseases of Occupation , 53 Organic nature, development of, 109 indivisibility of, 109 Origin of Species , Darwin's, essential features of, 82 Origin of species, natural selection essential factor in, 82 Overcrowding, statistics of, 48 Owen, Sir Richard, and man's affinity with apes, 94 Pall Mall Gazette , reply to, 76 Pangenesis, theory of, 104 Park, Mungo, 101 Petrie, Prof., quoted, 139 Plato, 8 , 116 Poor Law, immorality of the, 65 Population, increase of, laws governing, 141 social reform and, 138 Poverty, 130 , 143 , 151 Polynesian races, character of, 33 Preventable deaths, responsibility for, 43 Primates, 94 Proctor, Mr. R. A., quoted, 18 Progress, moral, definition of, 1 moral, how to initiate era of, 150 moral, through new form of selection, 125 Prostitution, 73 Pyramid of Gizeh as observatory, 23 purpose of, 17 structure of, 19 Quadrumana, 94 Rawlinson, 16 Reade's, Martyrdom of Man , 113 "Recession to mediocrity," heredity and, 38 Religious conceptions in ancient India, 11 Remedies for economic evils, 154 Reproduction, 142 Rich, dread of, to social reorganisation, 156 Rome, 121 Savage races, morality of, 31 Selection, artificial, 105 , 127 free, in marriage, 133 Selection, natural, action of, transferred to mind in man, 99 amongst animals, 75 and origin of species, 82 explanation of, 75 , 87 modification of, by man, 96 , 99 modified by mind, 93 process of, 112 two modes of, 125 Selection, new form of, 125 sexual, 125 Selective agency to improve character, 36 Sherard's, Mr. R. H., White Slaves of England , 51 ( note ) Slavery, 2 , 115 Slums, 47 , 151 Smyth, Piazzi, on Pyramids, 18 Snowden, Philip, 53 Social environment and conduct, 6 character of, 153 during 19th century, 40 evils of, causes and remedies of, 154 reorganisation, the rich and, 156 reform, 143 ; and over-population, 138 Socrates, 8 Species, increase of, 82 , 84 origin of, natural selection, and, 82 variability of, 82 Speech as proof of intelligence, 28 lowest races possess, 31 origin and development of, 29 Spencer, Herbert, 89 , 99 , 103 exposition of evolutionary argument by, 81 on laws of increase of population, 141 Stanley, Hiram M., quoted, 128 Struggle for existence, 85 , 86 Suicide, statistics of, 70 Survival of the fittest, 85 , 87 , 139 "Survival value," 39 Swedenborg, 137 Tahitians, character of, 32 Tinning trade, evils of, 51 Unhealthy trades, 50 Universe, development and purpose of, 119 Variability, character and, 36 basic law of nature, 96 explanation of, 82 of species, 82 purpose of, 90 Vedas, quoted, 11 War, 74 Wealth, increase of, 41 , 150 Webb, Mr. Sidney, quoted, 65 Women and marriage, 133 excess in numbers of, 134 , 147 future status of, 147 in trade, 151 Workmen's compensation, Prof. Petrie on, 139 Writing as proof of intelligence, 28 origin and development of, 29 Zoophytes, 95 Zymotic diseases 47 Printed by Cassell & Company, Limited, La Belle Sauvage, London, E.C. 10.613

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