The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation for the help given him by the many individuals, including railroad officials, librarians, and museum curators, who provided answers to many questions and confirmed many conjectures. Special thanks are tendered A. B. Lawson and Lawrence W. Sagle of The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Co., F. V. Koval of the Chicago and North Western Railway System, W. F. Kascal and Harry B. Spurrier of the New York Central System, H. T. Cover of the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Harry E. Hammer of the Reading Co., K. C. Ingram of the Southern Pacific Co., Elizabeth O. Cullen of the Association of American Railroads, D. M. MacMaster of the Museum of Science and Industry at Chicago, H. D. Watson of the University of Maine, George M. Hart of George School in Bucks County, Pa., and Robert R. Brown of Lachine, Quebec—to name a few of those whose contributions have helped bring together the facts here presented. It is fitting also at this time to refer to the late Charles B. Chaney, who collected over a period of almost 60 years an immense number of photographs, negatives, drawings, lithographs, and books dealing with railroading. Upon his death in 1948, he left this entire collection to the United States National Museum, of the Smithsonian Institution, confident that in the Museum it would be put to the widest possible use and would, therefore, carry forward his lifelong work of research in the history of locomotives and railroads. His confidence was well founded. The Chaney collection of railroad material has been an invaluable source of information for the present work. To acknowledge the contribution of Thomas Norrell of Silver Spring, Md., is likewise a pleasure. He graciously consented to read the manuscript of this work, and his authoritative comments have greatly enhanced its comprehensiveness and accuracy. BIBLIOGRAPHY Austin, Erastus Long , and Hauser, Odell 1929. The Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition. Current Publications, Inc., Philadelphia. [ Baldwin Locomotive Works ] 1922 et seq. Baldwin Locomotives. ( Baldwin with first issue of 1944.) Philadelphia. 1923. History of the Baldwin Locomotive Works, 1831-1923. Printed by the Bingham Co., Philadelphia. [ Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Co. ] 1827 et seq. Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road Company annual reports. Baltimore. Bell, J. Snowden 1912. The early motive power of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Angus Sinclair Co., New York. Brown, William H. 1871. The history of the first locomotives in America. D. Appleton and Co., New York. (A second, revised, edition appeared in 1874.) Burgess, George H. , and Kennedy, Miles C. 1949. Centennial history of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. The Pennsylvania Railroad Co., Philadelphia. [ Delaware and Hudson Co. ] 1925. A century of progress—History of the Delaware and Hudson Company, 1823-1923. Printed by J. B. Lyon Co., Albany, N. Y. Dendy Marshall, C. F. 1928. Two essays in early locomotive history. The Locomotive Publishing Co., Ltd., London. Derrick, Samuel Melanchthon 1930. Centennial history of South Carolina Railroad. The State Co., Columbia, S. C. Forney, M. N. 1886. Locomotives and locomotive building, being a brief sketch of the growth of the railroad system and of the various improvements in locomotive building in America together with a history of the origin and growth of the Rogers Locomotive and Machine Works, Paterson, New Jersey, from 1831 to 1886. Printed by Wm. S. Gottsberger, New York. [ German State Railways ] 1935. Hundert Jahre deutsche Eisenbahnen. Germany. Harrison, Joseph, Jr. 1872. The locomotive engine, and Philadelphia’s share in its early improvements. George Gebbie, Philadelphia. Hinchman, Walter S. 1913. Holmes Hinkley, an industrial pioneer, 1793-1866. Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass. Hungerford, Edward 1928. The story of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, 1827-1927. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. 1938. Men and iron—The history of New York Central. Thomas Y. Crowell Co., New York. [ Pennsylvania Railroad Co. ] 1893. Catalogue of the exhibit of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at the World’s Columbian Exposition. Chicago. Pittenger, William 1893. The Great Locomotive Chase. Jones and Stanley, New [ Railway and Locomotive Historical Society ] 1921 et seq. Railway and Locomotive Historical Society bulletins. Boston, Mass. Renwick, James 1830. Treatise on the steam engine. G. & C. & H. Carvill, New York. Sagle, Lawrence W. 1952. A picture history of B & O motive power. Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., New York. Sinclair, Angus 1907. Development of the locomotive engine. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York. Stevens, Frank Walker 1926. The beginnings of the New York Central Railroad—A history. G. P. Putnam’s Sons, New York. Warner, Paul T. 1934. Locomotive Number 3, Peoples’ Railway. Unpublished manuscript in the files of The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia. Warren, J. G. H. 1923. A century of locomotive building by Robert Stephenson & Co., 1823-1923. Andrew Reid & Co., Ltd., Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Watkins, J. Elfreth 1891. The Camden and Amboy Railroad—Origin and Early History, an address appearing in Ceremonies upon the completion of the monument erected by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company at Bordentown, New Jersey, to mark the first piece of track laid between New York and Philadelphia in 1831. William F. Roberts, Washington, D. C. Young, Robert 1923. Timothy Hackworth and the locomotive. The Locomotive Publishing Co., Ltd., London. INDEX A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Albion , locomotive, 64 , 65 Albion Mines Railway, 64 Alert , locomotive, 53 Alexander, Edwin P., 87 , 100 , 102 Allegheny, ship, 39 Allen, Horatio, 14 , 16 , 27 Altoona Locomotive Testing Plant, 101 America , locomotive, 14 , 16 , 17 , 20 , 42 American Locomotive Co., 99 Andrew Jackson , locomotive, 47 , 48 , 52 Arabian , locomotive, 81 , 82 Askew, E. Howard, 92 Atlantic , locomotive, 47 , 48 , 52 , 81 B Bain, Robert E. M., 86 Baldwin, Matthias W., 53 , 54 , 59 , 61 , 71 , 72 , 81 Baldwin Locomotive Works, 67 , 80 , 100 , 101 Ballauf, D., 31 , 76 , 83 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co., 22 , 24 , 25 , 47 , 58 , 59 , 65 , 71 , 73 , 81 , 82 , 95 , 96 Baltimore and Ohio Transportation Museum, 9 , 22 , 47 , 52 , 59 , 74 Beaver Meadow Rail Road and Coal Co., 67 Bell, J. Snowden, 58 , 73 Best Friend of Charleston , locomotive, 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 Beyer, Peacock & Co., Ltd., 91 Booth, Henry, 80 Boshart, George, 88 Boston , locomotive, 67 , 68 Braithwaite, Milner and Co., 60 , 67 Brown, William H., 28 Buchanan, William, 33 , 88 Burnham, Parry, Williams & Co., 80 C Caledonian Railway Co., 89 Camden and Amboy Rail Road and Transportation Co., 38 , 42 , 81 Carillon Park, 47 Carson and Co., 89 , 90 Catch-me-who-can , locomotive, 77 , 78 Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia, 43 Champlain and St. Lawrence Railroad, 64 Chattanooga Station Co., 31 Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, 54 Chicago and North Western Railway Co., 53 , 54 , 55 , 59 Chicago Railroad Fair, 21 , 22 , 31 , 35 , 46 , 55 , 59 Chicago World’s Fair, 21 , 22 , 24 , 35 , 44 , 55 , 57 , 59 Cincinnati Centennial Exposition, 31 Clarke, John Semple, 88 Coast Daylight, train, 97 Codorus, ship, 47 Collinwood shops, 88 Columbia, ship, 14 Columbia Avenue station, 62 Columbia and Philadelphia Rail Road, 66 Columbus , locomotive, 52 Conestoga , locomotive, 68 Congress, ship, 14 Cooper, Peter, 22 Crebbin, James C., 90 Crewe works, 92 Cronkhite, Minton, 101 Crosby Mechanical Laboratory, 69 , 70 D Darrell, Nicholas W., 29 Davidson, George, 65 Davis, Harvey N., 12 Davis, Phineas, 24 , 25 , 47 , 81 Delaware , locomotive, 61 Delaware and Hudson Canal, 16 Delaware and Hudson Canal Co., 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corp., 21 Dendy Marshall, C. F., 40 , 60 De Witt Clinton , locomotive, 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 Dorchester , locomotive, 64 Dragon , locomotive, 71 , 74 Dripps, Isaac, 39 Dunham, H. R., and Co., 55 , 56 E Eastwick, Andrew M., 68 Eastwick and Harrison, 66 , 67 , 68 Eddystone plant, 100 Elgar, John, 47 Empire State Express, train, 87 , 88 , 100 Exposition of Railway Appliances, 43 , 55 , 65 F Fair of the Iron Horse, 22 , 24 , 35 , 44 , 46 , 59 , 62 , 66 Ferrocarril Oeste of Argentina, 91 Field Museum at Chicago, 57 Fitch, John, 10 Forward, E. A., 17 Foster, Rastrick and Co., 14 , 16 Franklin Institute, The, 62 , 67 G Galena and Chicago Union Rail Road, 53 Garber, Paul E., 20 Gartner, Israel, 47 , 81 General , locomotive, 59 , 84 , 85 General Electric Co., 94 , 98 General Mining Association, 64 General Motors, 102 Gillingham, George, 47 , 52 Gowan and Marx , locomotive, 66 , 67 Grand Central Terminal, 35 Grand Gulf and Port Gibson Railroad, 56 Greyhound , locomotive, 92 H Hackworth, Timothy, 63 , 64 Harrison, Joseph, Jr., 66 Hazard, Isaac P., 30 Hazeldine and Rastrick, 77 Hazelton and Lehigh Rail Road, 67 Henry Ford Museum, 10 , 35 Hercules , locomotive, 64 Hinkley, Holmes, 69 , 70 Hinkley and Drury, 69 Hogan, Charles H., 87 Homfray, Samuel, 77 I Illinois Central Railroad Co., 56 , 57 Indian Chief , locomotive, 47 J James, J. H., 83 Jason C. Pierce , locomotive, 64 J. E. Thayer , locomotive, 67 , 68 John Buddle , locomotive, 64 John Bull , locomotive, 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 81 John Hancock , locomotive, 47 , 52 John Jay, ship, 14 John Quincy Adams , locomotive, 47 , 52 Juniata shops, 93 K Knight, Jonathan, 22 L Lafayette , locomotive, 58 , 59 Lafayette, ship, 31 Leipzig to Dresden Railroad, 52 Lima Locomotive Works, 97 Lindsay and Early, 17 , 19 Lion , locomotive, 69 , 70 , 71 Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 79 , 80 Locomotives Albion , 64 , 65 Alert , 53 America , 14 , 16 , 17 , 20 , 42 Andrew Jackson , 47 , 48 , 52 Arabian , 81 , 82 Atlantic , 47 , 48 , 52 , 81 Best Friend of Charleston , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 Boston , 67 , 68 Catch-me-who-can , 77 , 78 Columbus , 52 Conestoga , 68 Delaware , 61 De Witt Clinton , 32 , 33 , 35 , 36 Dorchester , 64 Dragon , 71 , 74 General , 59 , 84 , 85 Gowan and Marx , 66 , 67 Greyhound , 92 Hercules , 64 Indian Chief , 47 Jason C. Pierce , 64 J. E. Thayer , 67 , 68 John Buddle , 64 John Bull , 38 , 39 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 81 John Hancock , 47 , 52 John Quincy Adams , 47 , 52 Lafayette , 58 , 59 Lion , 69 , 70 , 71 Lord Baltimore , 96 Martin Van Buren , 47 , 48 Mazeppa , 48 Memnon , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 Mississippi , 55 , 56 , 57 Neversink , 61 No. 2 , 96 No. 7 , 53 No. 13 , 58 No. 146 , 91 No. 302 , 92 No. 903 , 89 No. 999 , 87 , 88 No. 1173 , 94 No. 4000-4001 , 102 No. 4410 , 97 No. 5127 , 92 No. 5340 , 96 No. 5429 , 99 , 100 No. 6200 , 101 Old Ironsides , 80 , 81 Pawnee , 68 Peoples’ Railway No. 3 , 67 , 68 , 69 Phoenix , 29 Pioneer , 53 , 54 , 55 , 59 , 73 Planet , 81 Rocket (Braithwaite’s), 60 , 61 , 62 , 67 Rocket (Stephenson’s), 9 , 79 , 80 Samson , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 Sandusky , 83 , 84 Stourbridge Lion , 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 27 , 42 Thomas Jefferson , 47 , 52 Tiger , 70 Tom Thumb , 22 , 24 Traveller , 47 , 52 , 81 West Point , 31 William Galloway , 59 York , 24 , 25 , 47 , 52 London and North-Western Railway Co., 92 Lopes, Sir Henry, 89 , 90 Lord Baltimore , locomotive, 96 Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 35 , 55 , 57 Luscombe, C. R., 20 , 46 , 82 M McCormick, George, 97 Machiasport Railroad, 69 Mad River and Lake Erie Railroad, 83 Martin Van Buren , locomotive, 47 , 48 Matthew, David, 28 , 32 Mazeppa , locomotive, 48 Memnon , locomotive, 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 Meridian, Brookhaven and Natchez Railroad, 56 Mexican National Railways, 63 Michigan Central Railroad, 53 , 55 Midgeholme Railway, 80 Mississippi , locomotive, 55 , 56 , 57 Mississippi Valley and Ship Island Railroad, 56 Mohawk and Hudson Rail Road Co., 32 , 38 Morgan, Peyton L., 36 Mount Clare shops, 96 Mount Clare station, 9 , 47 Museum of Science and Industry, 10 , 12 , 24 , 55 N Nashua and Lowell Railroad, 69 Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway, 85 Natchez & Hamburg R. R., 57 Neversink , locomotive, 61 New Castle Manufacturing Co., 66 , 71 New Jersey Railroad and Transportation Co., 83 New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Co., 33 , 35 , 85 , 87 New York Central System, 35 , 87 , 88 , 94 , 99 , 100 , 102 New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Co., 98 New York World’s Fair, 12 , 21 , 22 , 31 , 35 , 44 , 46 , 59 Niagara, ship, 27 No. 2 , locomotive, 96 No. 7 , locomotive, 53 No. 13 , locomotive, 58 No. 146 , locomotive, 91 No. 302 , locomotive, 92 No. 903 , locomotive, 89 No. 999 , locomotive, 87 , 88 No. 1173 , locomotive, 94 No. 4000-4001 , locomotive, 102 No. 4410 , locomotive, 97 No. 5127 , locomotive, 92 No. 5340 , locomotive, 96 No. 5429 , locomotive, 99 , 100 No. 6200 , locomotive, 101 Norris, William, 58 , 59 , 64 O Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, 10 Old Ironsides , locomotive, 80 , 81 P Parsons, W. Howard R., 94 Pawnee , locomotive class, 68 Pennsylvania Railroad Co., 12 , 38 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 92 , 93 , 101 Pennsylvania Station, 12 Pen-y-darran Iron Works, 77 Peoples’ Railway, 67 Peoples’ Railway No. 3 , locomotive, 67 , 68 , 69 Philadelphia and Reading Rail Road Co., 60 , 61 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 72 Philadelphia, Germantown and Norristown Rail-Road Co., 81 Philadelphia Sesqui-Centennial International Exposition, 22 Phoenix , locomotive, 29 Pioneer , locomotive, 53 , 54 , 55 , 59 , 73 Planet , locomotive class, 81 Poore, Mrs. Townsend, 19 Proprietors of Locks and Canals on Merrimack River, 66 Prospect Hill Cemetery, 47 R Rainhill Trials, 24 , 79 , 80 Rayne and Burn, 64 Reading Co., 67 , 68 Reading Terminal, 62 Redwood Library, 29 , 30 Reeder, Charles, 47 Robinson, Moncure, 66 Rocket , locomotive (Braithwaite’s), 60 , 61 , 62 , 67 Rocket , locomotive (Stephenson’s), 9 , 79 , 80 Rogers, Ketchum & Grosvenor, 83 , 85 Rogers, Thomas, 84 Rounds, E. E., 70 Royal Blue, train, 96 Russell, Frank E., 97 S Sagle, Lawrence W., 22 Samson , locomotive, 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 Sandusky , locomotive, 83 , 84 Schenectady Locomotive Works, 86 , 88 Schutz, Adolph H., 85 Schuylkill Canal, 61 Science Museum, 17 , 79 , 80 Sinclair, Angus, 55 , 57 Slade, G. T., 19 South-Carolina Canal and Rail-Road Co., 27 , 29 , 30 , 31 South Pictou Railroad, 64 Southern Pacific Co., 97 , 98 Southern Railway System, 30 Speed, Fletcher G., 96 Stephenson, Robert, 9 , 42 , 64 , 79 Stephenson, Robert, & Co., Ltd., 10 , 14 , 38 , 80 Stephenson, Robert, & Hawthorns, Ltd., 17 Stevens, Col. John, 10 , 11 , 13 , 38 , 80 Stevens, Dr. Francis B., 13 Stevens, Robert L., 38 , 39 , 41 Stevens Institute of Technology, 11 , 12 Stourbridge Lion , locomotive, 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 27 , 42 Suburban Station Building, 42 T Thomas Jefferson , locomotive, 47 , 52 Tiger , locomotive, 70 Tom Thumb , locomotive, 22 , 24 Towle, Thomas, 70 Traveller , locomotive, 47 , 52 , 81 Trevithick, Richard, 76 , 77 U Union Station at Chattanooga, 85 University of Maine, 69 , 71 Utica and Schenectady Rail Road, 53 W Wallis, J. T., 93 Wardlaw, Frank A., 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 Wardlaw, Frank A., Jr., 89 , 91 , 92 Warner, Paul T., 67 , 68 Warren, J. G. H., 41 , 80 Watkins, J. Elfreth, 13 , 39 , 40 Wayne County Historical Society, 21 West Albany shops, 35 , 88 , 100 West Point , locomotive, 31 West Point Foundry Association, 27 , 28 , 31 , 32 Western and Atlantic Railroad, 85 Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co., 100 Whitney, A., & Sons, 68 Whitneyville and Machiasport Railroad, 69 William Galloway , locomotive, 59 Wilmington, Del., shops, 93 Winans, Ross, 47 , 52 , 61 World’s Columbian Exposition, 35 , 42 , 44 , 47 , 55 , 57 , 62 , 65 , 87 Y York , locomotive, 24 , 25 , 47 , 52

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