It is the purpose of this subchapter to provide grants for the operation and improvement of tribally controlled colleges or universities to insure continued and expanded educational opportunities for Indian students , and to allow for the improvement and expansion of the physical resources of such institutions. ( Pub. L. 95–471, title I, § 101 , Oct. 17, 1978 , 92 Stat. 1325 ; Pub. L. 98–192, § 2 , Dec. 1, 1983 , 97 Stat. 1336 ; Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 901(b)(6) , Oct. 7, 1998 , 112 Stat. 1828 .) Editorial Notes Amendments 1998— Pub. L. 105–244 substituted “colleges or universities” for “community colleges”. 1983— Pub. L. 98–192 inserted “, and to allow for the improvement and expansion of the physical resources of such institutions”. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries Effective Date of 1998 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective Oct. 1, 1998 , except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244 , see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244 , set out as a note under section 1001 of Title 20 , Education.