For purposes of this chapter— (1) The term “ Native American ” means an Indian, Native Hawaiian , or Native American Pacific Islander . (2) The term “ Indian ” has the meaning given to such term under section 7491(3) of title 20 . (3) The term “ Native Hawaiian ” has the meaning given to such term by section 7517 of title 20 . (4) The term “ Native American Pacific Islander ” means any descendent of the aboriginal people of any island in the Pacific Ocean that is a territory or possession of the United States. (5) The terms “ Indian tribe ” and “ tribal organization ” have the respective meaning given to each of such terms under section 5304 of this title . (6) The term “ Native American language ” means the historical, traditional languages spoken by Native Americans. (7) The term “ traditional leaders ” includes Native Americans who have special expertise in Native American culture and Native American languages . (8) The term “ Indian reservation ” has the same meaning given to the term “reservation” under section 1452 of this title . ( Pub. L. 101–477, title I, § 103 , Oct. 30, 1990 , 104 Stat. 1154 ; Pub. L. 104–109, § 11 , Feb. 12, 1996 , 110 Stat. 765 ; Pub. L. 107–110, title VII, § 702(f) , Jan. 8, 2002 , 115 Stat. 1947 ; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(iii) , Dec. 10, 2015 , 129 Stat. 2187 .) Editorial Notes Amendments 2015—Par. (2). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(iii)(1) , made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7491(3) of title 20 . Par. (3). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(iii)(2) , made technical amendment to reference in original act which appears in text as reference to section 7517 of title 20 . 2002—Par. (2). Pub. L. 107–110, § 702(f)(1) , substituted “ section 7491(3) of title 20 ” for “ section 7881(4) of title 20 ”. Par. (3). Pub. L. 107–110, § 702(f)(2) , substituted “ section 7517 of title 20 ” for “ section 7912(1) of title 20 ”. 1996—Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–109, § 11(1) , substituted “ section 7881(4) of title 20 ” for “ section 2651(4) of this title ”. Par. (3). Pub. L. 104–109, § 11(2) , substituted “ section 7912(1) of title 20 ” for “ section 4909 of title 20 ”. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries Effective Date of 2015 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective Dec. 10, 2015 , except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95 , set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20 , Education. Effective Date of 2002 Amendment Amendment by Pub. L. 107–110 effective Jan. 8, 2002 , except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 107–110 , set out as an Effective Date note under section 6301 of Title 20 , Education.