It is the policy and objective of the Congress to use the patent system to promote the utilization of inventions arising from federally supported research or development; to encourage maximum participation of small business firms in federally supported research and development efforts; to promote collaboration between commercial concerns and nonprofit organizations, including universities; to ensure that inventions made by nonprofit organizations and small business firms are used in a manner to promote free competition and enterprise without unduly encumbering future research and discovery; to promote the commercialization and public availability of inventions made in the United States by United States industry and labor; to ensure that the Government obtains sufficient rights in federally supported inventions to meet the needs of the Government and protect the public against nonuse or unreasonable use of inventions; and to minimize the costs of administering policies in this area. (Added Pub. L. 96–517, § 6(a) , Dec. 12, 1980 , 94 Stat. 3018 ; amended Pub. L. 106–404, § 5 , Nov. 1, 2000 , 114 Stat. 1745 .) Editorial Notes Amendments 2000— Pub. L. 106–404 substituted “enterprise without unduly encumbering future research and discovery;” for “enterprise;”. Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries Effective Date Section effective July 1, 1981 , but implementing regulations authorized to be issued earlier, see section 8(f) of Pub. L. 96–517 , set out as an Effective Date of 1980 Amendment note under section 41 of this title . Short Title This chapter is popularly known as the Bayh-Dole Act . Section 6(a) of Pub. L. 96–517 , Dec. 12, 1980 , 94 Stat. 3018 , which enacted this chapter, is also popularly known as the Bayh-Dole Act and also as the University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act of 1980 . For complete classification of section 6(a) of Pub. L. 96–517 to the Code, see Tables. CFR Title Parts 14 1245 45 650 48 2527