Conceptio › Archive › ECMA International

ECMA Internationalopen access

ECMA-349 — Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm optical disk using +R format - Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 16X) (June 2008)

ECMA International · ECMA International

ECMA International · Standards · License: Open Access

capacity data disk ecma ecmainternational format gbytes interchange

ecma, standard, ecma international, specification, ecma-349, ecma 349, 349, data, interchange, 120, and, optical, disk, using, format, capacity, gbytes, per, side, recording, speed, 16x

ECMA-349 4th Edition – June 2008

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X)

Standard ECMA-349 4th Edition - June 2008

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X)

Ecma International

Rue du Rhône 114

CH-1204 Geneva

T/F: +41 22 849 6000/01

www.ecma-international.org

Introduction Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC toward the development of International Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm, and 356 mm media. Numerous standards have been developed by TC31 and published by Ecma, almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards. In April 2003 a group of Companies proposed to TC31 to develop a standard for 120 mm recordable optical disks using the WORM recording technology and based on the DVD − Read-Only standard (ECMA-267) and the +RW format (ECMA-337). TC31 adopted this project and started the work that has resulted in the first edition of ECMA-349. This Ecma Standard specifies two Types of recordable optical disks, one (Type S) making use of recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 4,7 or 1,46 Gbytes per disk and the other (Type D) making use of recording on both sides of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 9,4 or 2,92 Gbytes per disk. In December 2003 a proposal was made to TC31 to update this Ecma Standard for recording speeds up to 8 times the Reference velocity. TC31 adopted this project which has resulted in the second edition of ECMA-349. In February 2005 a proposal was made to TC31 to update this Ecma Standard for recording speeds up to 16 times the Reference velocity and to facilitate the application of the Video Content Protection System. This Ecma Standard, taken together with a standard for volume and file structure, such as for instance developed in Ecma Technical Committee TC15, provides the requirements for information interchange between systems.

This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2008.

Table of contents

Section 1 — General

Scope

Conformance

2 .1

O p ti c a l D i s k

2.2

Generating system

2.3

Receiving system

2.4

Compatibility statement

References

Definitions

4.1

Channel bit

4.2

Clamping Zone

4.3

Digital Sum Value (DSV)

4.4

Disk Reference Plane

4.5

dummy substrate

4.6

entrance surface

4.7

field

4.8

groove

4.9

interleaving

4.10

mark

4.11

Multi-session disk

4.12

Physical Sector

4.13

recording layer

4.14

Reed-Solomon code (RS)

4.15

Reference velocity

4.16

Single-session disk

4.17

session

4.18

space

4.19

substrate

4.20

track

4.21

track pitch

4.22

VCPS

4 -i -

4.23

wobble

4.24

zone

C o n ve n t i o n s a n d n o t a t i o n s

5.1

Representation of numbers

5.2

Names

A b b r e vi a t i o n s a n d a c r o n ym s

General description of the optical disk

General Requirements

8.1 Environments 8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment 8.1.4 Transportation

6 6 6 7 7

8.2

Safety requirements

8.3

Flammability

8.4

Light fastness

R e f e r e n c e D r i ve

9 .1

O p ti c a l s ys te m

9.2

Optical beam

9.3

Read channel 1

9.4

Disk clamping

9.5

Rotation of the disk

9.6

Wobble channel (Read channel 2)

9.7

Tracking channel (Read channel 2)

9.8 Reference servo systems 9.8.1 Normalized servo transfer function 9.8.2 Reference Servo for Axial Tracking 9.8.3 Reference Servo for Radial Tracking

10 10 10 11

S e c t i o n 2 — D i m e n s i o n a l , m e c h a n i c a l a n d p h ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e d i s k

Dimensional characteristics

10.1

Reference Planes

10.2

Overall dimensions

10.3

First transition area

10.4

Second transition area

10.5

Clamping Zone

15 - ii -

10.6

Third transition area

10.7

Information Zone

10.8

Rim Area

10.9

Remark on tolerances

Mechanical characteristics

11 11.1

Mass

11.2

Moment of inertia

11.3

Dynamic imbalance

11.4 Axial runout 11.4.1 Tracking requirements at the Reference velocity (CLV) 11.4.2 Tracking requirements at 3 000 RPM (CAV)

16 16 16

11.5 Radial runout 11.5.1 Tracking requirements at the Reference velocity (CLV) 11.5.2 Tracking requirements at 3 000 RPM (CAV)

17 17 17

Optical characteristics in the Information Zone

12.1

Index of refraction

12.2

Thickness of the substrate

12.3

Reflectivity

12.4

Birefringence

12.5

Angular deviation

Section 3 — Format of information

Data format

13.1 Data Frames 13.1.1 Identification Data (ID) 13.1.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED) 13.1.3 RSV 13.1.4 Error Detection Code (EDC)

20 21 21 21 22

13.2

Scrambled Frames

1 3 .3

EC C Bl o c k s

13.4

Recording Frames

13.5

Modulation and NRZI conversion

13.6

Physical Sectors

13.7 L a yo u t o f a R e c o r d i n g U N i t ( R U N ) 13.7.1 Recording Unit position

26 27

13.8

14 14.1

d.c. component suppression control Track format

Track shape

28 - iii -

14.2

Track path

14.3

Track pitch

14.4 Track layout 14.4.1 ADIP information 14.4.2 Physical format information in ADIP

29 29 32

Section 4 — Format of the Information Zone

General description of the Information Zone

L a yo u t o f t h e I n f o r m a t i o n Z o n e o f a S i n g l e - s e s s i o n d i s k

16.1 17

Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs)

I n n e r D r i ve A r e a

17.1

Initial Zone

17.2

Inner Disk Test Zone

17.3

Count Zone Run-in

17.4

Inner Disk Count Zone

17.5

Inner Disk Administration Zone

17.6 Table of Contents (TOC) Zone 1 7 .6 .1 T a b l e o f C o n te n ts Bl o c k s 17.6.2 Recorded Area Indicators

55 55 58

Lead-in Zone

18.1

Guard Zone 1

18.2

Reserved Zone 1

18.3

Reserved Zone 2

18.4

Inner Disk Identification Zone

18.5

Reserved Zone 3

18.6

Reference Code Zone

18.7

Buffer Zone 1

18.8 Control Data Zone 18.8.1 Physical format information 18.8.2 Disk manufacturing information 18.8.3 Content provider information

60 60 62 62

18.9

Buffer Zone 2

Data Zone

Lead-out Zone

20.1

Buffer Zone 3

20.2

Outer Disk Identification Zone

63 - iv -

20.3 21

Guard Zone 2

O u t e r D r i ve A r e a

21.1

Outer Disk Administration Zone

21.2

Outer Disk Count Zone

21.3

Outer Disk Test Zone

21.4

Guard Zone 3

M u l t i - s e s s i o n L a yo u t

22.1 Intro 22.1.1 Buffer Zone A 22.1.2 Inner Session Identification Zone 22.1.3 Session Control Data Zone 22.1.4 Buffer Zone B

65 66 66 66 66

22.2

Data Zone

22.3 Closure 22.3.1 Buffer Zone C 22.3.2 Outer Session Identification Zone

66 66 66

Sequential recording in Fragments

23.1 Opening a Session 23.1.1 Incomplete Fragment 23.1.2 Reserved Fragments 23.1.3 Recording User Data in Fragments 23.1.4 Closing a Fragment

66 67 67 68 68

23.2 Closing a Session 23.2.1 Lead-in/Intro Zone 23.2.2 Closure Zone

68 69 69

23.3

Finalizing the disk

Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs)

Disk Control Blocks

25.1

General format of Disk Control Blocks

25.2 Format of the Session DCB (SDCB) 25.2.1 Session Items

71 73

S e c t i o n 5 — C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e g r o o ve

General

Method of testing

Environment

27.1

-v -

27.2 Reference Drive 27.2.1 Optics and mechanics 27.2.2 Read power 27.2.3 Read channels 27.2.4 Tracking

76 76 76 76 76

27.3

Definition of signals C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e g r o o ve s i g n a l s

28.1

Phase depth

28.2

Push-pull signal

28.3

Track Cross signal

28.4

Normalized wobble signal

28.5

Characteristics of the wobble

S e c t i o n 6 — C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r e c o r d i n g l a ye r

Method of testing

Environment

29.1

29.2 Reference Drive 29.2.1 Optics and mechanics 29.2.2 Read power 29.2.3 Read channels 29.2.4 Tracking 29.2.5 Scanning velocity

79 79 79 79 79 79

29.3 Write conditions 29.3.1 Write pulse waveform 29.3.2 Write power 29.3.3 Write power dependency on wavelength 29.3.3 Write power window

80 80 80 80 81

29.4

30 30.1

Measurement conditions Characteristics of the recorded signals Channel bit length

82 82

30.2 Definition of signals 30.2.1 High frequency signals (HF) 30.2.2 Modulated amplitude 30.2.3 Signal asymmetry 30.2.4 Normalized Slicing Level jump 30.2.5 Jitter 30.2.6 Track Cross signal

82 82 82 83 83 83 83

30.3

Read stability Additional testing conditions

84 - vi -

31.1 Test environment 31.1.1 Optics

84 84

31.2 Definition of signals 31.2.1 Modulated amplitude 31.2.2 Signal asymmetry 31.2.3 Jitter 31.2.4 Track Cross signal 31.2.5 Differential phase tracking error signal 31.2.6 Tangential push-pull signal

84 84 84 84 85 85 86

Q u a l i t y o f t h e r e c o r d i n g l a ye r

32.1

Defects

32.2

Data errors

Section 7 — Characteristics of user data

Method of testing

Environment

33.1

33.2 Reference Drive 33.2.1 Optics and mechanics 33.2.2 Read power 33.2.3 Read channels 33.2.4 Error correction 33.2.5 Tracking

87 87 87 87 87 87

Minimum quality of a Recording Unit

34.1

Tracking

34.2

User-written data

A n n e x A ( n o r m a t i ve ) 8 0 m m + R d i s k

A n n e x B (normative) S t r u c t u r e f o r E x t e n d e d f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e D a t a Z o n e

A n n e x C (normative) M e a s u r e m e n t o f l i g h t r e f l e c t i vi t y

A n n e x D ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f b i r e f r i n g e n c e

A n n e x E ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r i n g c o n d i t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i o n s i g n a l s

101

A n n e x F ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l p h a s e t r a c k i n g e r r o r

105

A n n e x G ( n o r m a t i ve ) T h e w r i t e p u l s e w a ve f o r m f o r t e s t i n g

109

A n n e x H (normative) 8 - t o - 1 6 M o d u l a t i o n

117 - vii -

A n n e x I ( n o r m a t i ve ) O p t i m u m P o w e r C o n t r o l a n d R e c o r d i n g C o n d i t i o n s

125

A n n e x J ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) R u n n i n g O P C

129

A n n e x K ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) W a ve l e n g t h d e p e n d e n c y

131

A n n e x L ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) E x p l a n a t i o n a b o u t t h e u s a g e o f t h e r e f e r e n c e s e r vo s

135

A n n e x M ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e g r o o ve w o b b l e a m p l i t u d e

141

A n n e x N ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) L i g h t f a s t n e s s o f t h e d i s k

143

A n n e x O ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) T r a n s p o r t a t i o n

145

A n n e x P ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) V i d e o C o n t e n t P r o t e c t i o n S ys t e m

147

A n n e x Q ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) H o w t o u s e t h e P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n A D I P

149

A n n e x R ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) V a l u e s t o b e i m p l e m e n t e d i n E x i s t i n g a n d F u t u r e Specifications

151

- viii -

Section 1 — General 1

Scope This Ecma Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm recordable optical disks with capacities of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written once and read many times using a non-reversible method. These disks are identified as +R. This Ecma Standard also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. These disks shall have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the smaller dimensions. All parameters unique for the 80 mm disks are specified in Annex A. This Ecma Standard specifies −

two related but different Types of this disk (see Clause 7),

−

the conditions for conformance,

−

the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored,

−

the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing systems,

−

the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method,

−

the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk. This Ecma Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

2 2.1

Conformance Optical Disk A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for its Type.

2.2

Generating system A generating system shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if the optical disk it generates is in accordance with 2.1.

2.3

Receiving system A receiving system shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it is able to handle both Types of optical disk according to 2.1.

2.4

Compatibility statement A claim of conformance by a Generating or Receiving system with this Ecma Standard shall include a statement listing any other standards supported. This statement shall specify the numbers of the standards, the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing.

-1-

References ECMA-43

8-bit Coded Character Set Structure and Rules (ISO/IEC 4873:1991)

ECMA-267

120 mm DVD – Read-Only Disk (ISO/IEC 16448:2002)

ECMA-268

80 mm DVD – Read-Only Disk (ISO/IEC 16449:2002)

ECMA-287

Safety of Electronic Equipment

ECMA-337

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 4X) (ISO/IEC 17341:2006)

ECMA-364

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X) (ISO/IEC 25434:2007)

ECMA-371

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 8X) (ISO/IEC 26925:2006)

ECMA-374

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 2,4X) (ISO/IEC 29642:2007)

Unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format can be prevented by applying the Video Content Protection System as referred to in Annex P.

Definitions For the purpose of this Ecma Standard the following definitions apply:

4.1

Channel bit The elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk.

4.2

Clamping Zone The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.

4.3

Digital Sum Value (DSV) The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value +1 to bits set to ONE and the decimal value −1 to bits set to ZERO.

4.4

Disk Reference Plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.

4.5

dummy substrate A layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and, in some cases, of the recording layer as well.

4.6

entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.

4.7

field A subdivision of a sector.

-2-

4.8

groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the so-called land in between the grooves. The recording is made on the groove.

4.9

interleaving The process of reallocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst errors.

4.10

mark A non-reversible feature of the recording layer which may take the form of less reflective area, a pit, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.

4.11

Multi-session disk A disk containing more than one set of Lead-in/Intro, Data, and Lead-out/Closure Zones.

4.12

Physical Sector The smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts of the Zone.

4.13

recording layer A layer of the disk on which data is written during manufacture and / or use.

4.14

Reed-Solomon code (RS) An error detection and / or correction code.

4.15

Reference velocity The Reference velocity is the linear velocity that results in the nominal Channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s.

4.16

Single-session disk A disk containing a Lead-in Zone, one Data Zone, and a Lead-out Zone.

4.17

session A continuous part of the Information Zone of the disk consisting of a Lead-in or Intro Zone, a Data Zone and a Lead-out or Closure Zone.

4.18

space A feature of the recording layer represented by any area between two marks which can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.

4.19

substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the optical beam accesses the recording layer.

4.20

track A 360° turn of a continuous spiral.

4.21

track pitch The distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction.

-3-

4.22

VCPS VCPS (Video Content Protection System) defines a method to prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format.

4.23

wobble A continuous sinusoidal deviation of the track from the average centreline. Location information is included as phase modulated data in the wobble.

4.24

zone An annular area of the disk.

5 5.1

Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,274. Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9. Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses. The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE. Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to the left. In a pattern of n bits, bit b (n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b 0 shall be the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b (n-1) shall be recorded first. Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement. In each data field, the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, shall be recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b (8n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b 0 the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b (8n-1) shall be recorded first.

5.2

Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with an initial capital.

Abbreviations and acronyms a.c. ADIP ASM BP BPF CAV CLD CLV cm d.c. DCB DCC DSV ECC EDC

alternating current Address in Pre-groove Asymmetry Byte Position Band Pass Filter Constant Angular Velocity Constant Linear Density Constant Linear Velocity current mark direct current Disk Control Block d.c. Component suppression Control Digital Sum Value Error Correction Code Error Detection Code -4-

EI HF ID IED LPF LSB lsb LSN MSB msb NA NRZ NRZI NSL NWPW OPC OTP PAA PBS PI PLL PO PP pp ps PSN PTP RIN RPM RS RSV RUN SDCB SNR SYNC TOC

Extended Information High Frequency Identification Data ID Error Detection code Low Pass filter Least Significant Byte Least Significant Bit Logical Sector Number Most Significant Byte Most Significant Bit Numerical Aperture Non Return to Zero Non Return to Zero Inverted Normalized Slicing Level Normalized Write Power Window Optimum Power Control Opposite Track Path Physical Address in ADIP Polarizing Beam Splitter Parity of Inner-code Phase Locked Loop Parity of Outer-code Push-Pull peak-to-peak previous space Physical Sector Number Parallel Track Path Relative Intensity Noise Revolutions per Minute Reed-Solomon code Reserved (in use by specific applications) Recording UNit Session DCB Signal to Noise Ratio Synchronization code Table of Contents

General description of the optical disk The optical disk that is the subject of this Ecma Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive layer, so that the recording layer(s) is (are) on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently accessed. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. This Ecma Standard provides for two Types of such disks. Type S5

consists of a substrate, a single recording layer and a dummy substrate. The recording layer can be accessed from one side only. The capacity is 4,7 Gbytes for the 120 mm sized disk and 1,46 Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.

Type D10

consists of two substrates and two recording layers. From each side of the disk only one of the recording layers can be accessed. The capacity is 9,4 Gbytes for the 120 mm sized disk and 2,92 Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.

Data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of low-reflective spots in the recording layer with a focused optical beam. The data can be read with a focused optical beam, using the difference in the reflectivity between recorded marks and unrecorded spaces. The beam accesses the recording layer through a transparent substrate of the disk. -5-

Figure 1 shows schematically the two Types.

Entrance surface Substrate Recording Layer Adhesive Layer Dummy Substrate

Type S5

Entrance surface Substrate Recording Layer Adhesive Layer Recording Layer Substrate

Type D10

Entrance surface Figure 1 — Types of +R disk

General Requirements

8.1 8.1.1

Environments T e s t e n vir o n m e n t In the test environment, the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties: temperature relative humidity atmospheric pressure

: 23 °C ± 2 °C : 45 % to 55 % : 60 kPa to 106 kPa

No condensation on the disk shall occur. Before testing, the disk shall be conditioned in this environment for 48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2

O p e r a t i n g e n vir o n m e n t This Ecma Standard requires that a disk which meets all requirements of this Ecma Standard in the specified test environment shall provide data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties: temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient

: 5 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 85 % : 1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m 3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 10 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max. -6-

No condensation on the disk shall occur. If the disk has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in this Clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 h before use. 8.1.3

S t o r a g e e n vir o n m e n t The storage environment is defined as the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties: temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient

: -10 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 90 % : 1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 15 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max.

No condensation on the disk shall occur. 8.1.4

8.2

Transportation This Ecma Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in Annex O.

Safety requirements The disk shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-287, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.

8.3

Flammability The disk and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-287.

8.4

Light fastness The disk and its components should be made from materials that are able to withstand a certain amount of light. A method of testing such light fastness is given in Annex N.

Reference Drive The Reference Drive shall be used for the measurement of optical parameters for conformance with the requirements of this Ecma Standard. The critical components of this device have the characteristics specified in this Clause.

9.1

Optical system The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the write and read parameters is shown in Figure 2. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in Figure 2. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.

-7-

+ +

+ -

H4 Tangential track direction

Read Channel 1

Read Channel 2

+ + G

A B C D E

Laser diode Collimator lens Polarizing beam splitter Quarter-wave plate Objective lens

F G H1, H2, H3, H4 Ia, Ib, Ic, Id I1, I2

Optical disc 4 quadrant photo detector d.c. coupled amplifiers Output currents from photo detector G Summed output currents of H3, H4

Figure 2 — Optical system of the Reference Drive

The combination of a polarizing beam splitter C and a quarter-wave plate D shall separate the entrance optical beam from the laser diode A and the reflected optical beam from the disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100.

9.2

Optical beam The focused optical beam used for writing and reading data shall have the following properties: + 10 nm

a) Wavelength ( λ )

655 nm

b) Numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA)

0,65 ± 0,01

− 5 nm

(see Annex K)

c) The objective lens shall be compensated for spherical aberrations caused by a parallel substrate with nominal thickness (0,6 mm) and nominal refractive index (1,55). d) Wave front aberration

0,033 × λ rms max.

e) Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

35 % to 50 % of the maximum intensity in the radial direction and 45 % to 60 % in the tangential direction.

Circular

Polarization of the light

g) Read power (average)

0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW (d.c. or HF modulated with a frequency >400 MHz)

h) Write power and pulse width

see Annex G

-134 dB/Hz max.

Relative Intensity Noise (RIN)* of the laser diode

*RIN (dB/Hz) = 10 log [(a.c. light power density / Hz) / d.c. light power]

-8-

9.3

Read channel 1 Read channel 1 shall be provided to generate signals from the marks and spaces in the recording layer. This Read channel shall be used for reading the user-written information, using the change in reflectivity of the marks and spaces. The read amplifiers after the photo detectors in the Read channel shall have a flat response within 1 dB from d.c. to 20 MHz. For measurement of jitter, the characteristics of the PLL and the slicer, etc. are specified in Annex E.

9.4

Disk clamping For measuring, the disk shall be clamped between two concentric rings covering most of the Clamping Zone (see 10.5). The top clamping area shall have the same diameters as the bottom clamping area (Figure 3).

dout din F1

disk

F2 α Figure 3 — Clamping and chucking conditions

Clamping shall occur between din = 22,3 mm

+0,5 mm −0,0 mm

and

dout = 32,7 mm

+0,0 mm −0,5 mm

The total clamping force shall be F1 = 2,0 N ± 0,5 N. In order to prevent warping of the disk under the moment of force generated by the clamping force and the chucking force F2 exerted on the rim of the centre hole of the disk, F2 shall not exceed 0,5 N (see Figure 3). The tapered cone angle, α, shall be 40,0° ± 0,5°.

9.5

Rotation of the disk The actual rotation speed for reading the disk shall be such that it results in the Reference velocity of 3,49 m/s ± 0,03 m/s at the nominal Channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s. The direction of rotation shall be counter-clockwise when viewed from the objective lens. The actual rotation speed (v actual ) for writing the disk shall be such that it includes all Primary and Upper velocities for which parameters are specified in the Physical format information in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Lead-in Zone of the disk (see 14.4.1.1 and 14.4.2). NOTE The rotational speed of the disk is depending on the radial position:

angular velocity = 60 ×

vactual RPM 2π × r

When testing the disk the actual speed is limited such that the angular velocity does not exceed 10 000 RPM. -9-

9.6

Wobble channel (Read channel 2) Read channel 2 of the drive provides the wobble signals to control the access to addressed locations on the disk during writing. The wobble signal is generated in Read Channel 2 as a signal (I1 - I2) related to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. The read amplifiers after the photo detectors in the Read channel shall have a flat response within 1 dB from d.c. to 20 MHz.

9.7

Tracking channel (Read channel 2) Read channel 2 of the drive provides the tracking error signals to control the servos for radial tracking of the optical beam. The radial tracking error is generated in Read Channel 2 as a signal (I1 - I2) related to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. The method of generating the axial tracking error is not specified for the Reference Drive.

9.8 9.8.1

Reference servo systems N o r m a l i z e d s e r vo t r a n s f e r f u n c t i o n The open-loop transfer function, H s (iω) for the axial and radial tracking servos is given by equation (1), 3iω ω0 1 ⎛ω ⎞ Hs (iω ) = × ⎜ 0 ⎟ × iω 3 ⎝ iω ⎠ 1+ 3ω 0 2

where:

(1)

i = − 1 , ω = 2π f and ω0 = 2π f0

and f0 is the 0 dB crossover frequency of the open-loop transfer function. The crossover frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo are lead break frequency: f1 = f0 / 3 lag break frequency: f2 = f0 × 3 Another frequency of importance is the frequency fX at which a sinusoidal displacement with an amplitude equal to the maximum allowed residual tracking error e max, corresponds to the maximum expected acceleration αmax. This frequency can be calculated as follows: fX =

1 α max 2π emax

Because the tracking error signals from the disk can have rather large variations, the tracking error signal fed into each reference servo loop shall be adjusted to a fixed level (effectively calibrating the total loop gain), such to guarantee the specified bandwidth. 9.8.2

R e f e r e n c e S e r vo f o r A x i a l T r a c k i n g The crossover frequency of the normalized servo transfer function (Hs ) for axial tracking, f0 = ω0 / (2π) shall be given by equation (2), where αmax is the maximum expected axial acceleration of 8,0 m/s 2, which is multiplied by a factor m = 1,5 for servo margin. The tracking error e max, caused by this m× αmax, shall be 0,20 μm. Thus the crossover frequency f0 shall be given by f0 =

1 3 × m × αmax 1 3 × 1,5 × 8 = 2,1 kHz = 2π 2π 0,20 × 10 − 6 emax

(2)

For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for axial tracking, ⏐1+H⏐ is limited as schematically shown by the shaded region of Figure 4. - 10 -

Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be within 20 % of ⏐1+H s ⏐. Bandwidth from 26 Hz to 100 Hz | 1+H | shall be within the limits enclosed by the following four points. 1) 41,7 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz – 20 %) 2) 45,2 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz + 20 %) 3) 65,1 dB at 26 Hz

(⏐1+H s ⏐ at 26 Hz – 20 %)

4) 85,1 dB at 26 Hz

(⏐1+H s ⏐ at 26 Hz – 20 % + 20 dB)

Bandwidth from 9,5 Hz to 26 Hz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be between 65,1 dB and 85,1 dB.

Gain (dB) 85,1 80 65,1 60 45,2 41,7

0 -10

9,5

100

1000

10000

100000

Frequency (Hz) Figure 4 — Reference servo for axial tracking

9.8.3

R e f e r e n c e S e r vo f o r R a d i a l T r a c k i n g The crossover frequency of the normalized servo transfer function (H s ) for radial tracking, f0 = ω0 / (2π) shall be given by equation (3), where αmax is the maximum expected radial acceleration of 1,1 m/s 2, which is multiplied by a factor m = 1,5 for servo margin. The tracking error e max, caused by this m× αmax, shall be 0,022 μm. Thus the crossover frequency f0 shall be given by f0 =

1 3 × m × αmax 1 3 × 1,5 × 1,1 = 2,4 kHz = 2π emax 2π 0,022 × 10 − 6

(3)

For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for radial tracking, ⏐1+H⏐ is limited as schematically shown by the shaded region of Figure 5.

- 11 -

Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be within 20 % of⏐1+H s ⏐. Bandwidth from 28,2 Hz to 100 Hz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be within the limits enclosed by the following four points. 1) 43,7 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz – 20 %) 2) 47,2 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz + 20 %) 3) 65,6 dB at 28,2 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 28,2 Hz – 20 %) 4) 85,6 dB at 28,2 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 28,2 Hz – 20 % + 20 dB) Bandwidth from 9,5 Hz to 28,2 Hz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be between 65,6 dB and 85,6 dB.

Gain (dB) 85,6 80 65,6 60 47,2 43,7

0 -10

9,5

28,2

100

1000

10000

100000

Frequency (Hz) Figure 5 — Reference servo for radial tracking

- 12 -

Section 2 — Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 10

Dimensional characteristics Dimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange and compatible use of the disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described are indicated. The enclosed drawing, Figure 6 shows the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of the disk are described from the centre hole to the outside rim. d1 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 View B 1st transition area 2nd transition area Clamping zone 3 rd transition area Information Zone Rim area

d6 d5 d4 d3 d2

View A

h3 h4 e2 View A - Transition areas and Clamping zone d1 h7

d7 Q

View B - Rim area Figure 6 — Physical disk dimensions - 13 -

10.1

Reference Planes The dimensions are referred to two Reference Planes P and Q. Reference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the Clamping Zone rests (see 10.5). Reference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plane P at the height of the top surface of the Clamping Zone (see Figure 6).

10.2

Overall dimensions The disk shall have an overall diameter (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) d 1 = 120,00 mm ± 0,30 mm The centre hole of a substrate or a dummy substrate shall have a diameter (see Figure 7). dsubstrate = 15,00 mm

+0,15 mm −0,00 mm

The hole of an assembled disk, i.e. with both parts bonded together, shall have a diameter d 2 = 15,00 mm min.

dsubstrate

Figure 7 — Hole diameters for an assembled disk

The corners of the centre hole shall be free of any burrs or sharp features and shall be rounded off or chamfered by h 5 = 0,1 mm max. The thickness of the disk shall be e1 = 1,20 mm

10.3

+0,30 mm −0,06 mm

First transition area In the area defined by d 2 and d 3 = 16,0 mm min. the surface of the disk is permitted to be above Reference Plane P and/or below Reference Plane Q by 0,10 mm max.

- 14 -

10.4

Second transition area This area shall extend between diameter d 3 and diameter d 4 = 22,0 mm max. In this area the disk may have an uneven surface or burrs up to 0,05 mm max. beyond Reference Planes P and/or Q.

10.5

Clamping Zone This Zone shall extend between diameter d 4 and diameter d 5 = 33,0 mm min. Each side of the Clamping Zone shall be flat within 0,1 mm. The top side of the Clamping Zone, i.e. that of Reference Plane Q shall be parallel to the bottom side, i.e. that of Reference Plane P within 0,1 mm. In the Clamping Zone the thickness e 2 of the disk shall be e2 = 1,20 mm

10.6

+0,20 mm −0,10 mm

Third transition area This area shall extend between diameter d 5 and diameter d 6 = 44,0 mm max. In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by h 1 = 0,25 mm max. or below Reference Plane Q by h 2 = 0,10 mm max. The bottom surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane P by h 3 = 0,10 mm max. or below Reference Plane P by h 4 = 0,25 mm max.

10.7

Information Zone The Information Zone shall extend from diameter d 6 to diameter (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) d 7 = 117,5 mm min. This Zone consists of the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone, the Lead-out Zone and the Inner and Outer Drive Areas (see also Clause 15).

10.8

Rim Area The rim area is that area extending from diameter d 7 to diameter d 1 . In this area the surfaces are permitted to both extend beyond Reference Plane Q or Reference Plane P h 6 = 0,1 mm max. The outer corners of the disk shall be free of any burrs or sharp features and shall be rounded off or chamfered by h 7 = 0,2 mm max.

- 15 -

10.9

Remark on tolerances All heights specified in the preceding clauses and indicated by h i are independent from each other. This means that, for example, if the top surface of the third transition area is below Reference Plane Q by up to h 2 , there is no implication that the bottom surface of this area has to be above Reference Plane P by up to h 3 . Where dimensions have the same - generally maximum - numerical value, this does not imply that the actual values have to be identical.

Mechanical characteristics

11.1

Mass The mass of the disk shall be in the range of 13,0 g to 20,0 g (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) .

11.2

Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,040 g⋅m2 (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

11.3

Dynamic imbalance The dynamic imbalance of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 2,5 g⋅mm (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

11.4

Axial runout When measured by the optical system with the Reference Servo for axial tracking, the disk rotating at the Reference velocity of 3,49 m/s (see 9.5), the deviation of the recording layer from its nominal position in the direction normal to the Reference Planes shall not exceed 0,30 mm. Some explanation about the use of the Reference Servo as a measurement tool and the way to translate the measurement results to a practical implementation for a high-speed servo is given in Annex L.

11.4.1

T r a c k i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a t t h e R e f e r e n c e ve l o c i t y ( C L V ) The residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured on the blank disk using the Reference Servo for axial tracking and the disk rotating at the Reference velocity, shall not exceed 0,13 μm (displacement of the objective lens needed to move the focal point of the optical beam onto the recording layer). The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, fc (-3 dB): 10 kHz, with slope : -80 dB/decade.

11.4.2

Tracking requirements at 3 000 RPM (CAV) Disks suited to be recorded at speeds > 4× the Reference velocity, shall also fulfill the following requirement: the residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured on the blank disk using the Reference Servo for axial tracking and the disk rotating at a fixed rotational speed of 3 000 RPM, shall not exceed Eax(r) μm, where Eax is a function of the radius r according to the following specifications: for r ≤ 29 mm: Eax(r) = 0,20 μm, 2

⎛ r ⎞ for r ≥ 29 mm: Eax (r ) = ⎜ ⎟ × 0,20 μm, with r expressed in mm. ⎝ 29 ⎠

Disks suited to be recorded at speeds > 8 × the Reference velocity, shall furthermore fulfil the following requirement, additional to the requirement above: the residual tracking error shall not exceed 0,40 μm at any radius.

- 16 -

If present, the 50 Hz component shall be removed from the residual tracking error before applying these requirements (e.g. by software processing of the sampled measurement data).

11.5

Radial runout The runout of the outer edge of the disk shall not exceed 0,30 mm peak-to-peak. The radial runout of tracks shall not exceed 70 μm peak-to-peak. Some explanation about the use of the Reference Servo as a measurement tool and the way to translate the measurement results to a practical implementation for a high-speed servo is given in Annex L.

11.5.1

T r a c k i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s a t t h e R e f e r e n c e ve l o c i t y ( C L V ) The residual tracking error below 1,1 kHz (= ƒ X as defined in 9.8.1), measured on the blank disk using the Reference Servo for radial tracking and the disk rotating at the Reference velocity of 3,49 m/s (see 9.5), shall not exceed 0,015 μm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, fc (-3 dB) : 1,1 kHz, with slope : -80 dB/decade. The rms noise value of the residual error signal in the frequency band from 1,1 kHz to 10 kHz, measured with an integration time of 20 ms, using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall not exceed 0,016 μm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth BPF, frequency range (-3 dB) : to :

11.5.2

1,1 kHz, with slope : +80 dB/decade 10 kHz, with slope : -80 dB/decade.

Tracking requirements at 3 000 RPM (CAV) Disks suited to be recorded at speeds > 4× the Reference velocity, shall also fulfill the following requirement: the residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured on the blank disk using the Reference Servo for radial tracking and the disk rotating at a fixed rotational speed of 3 000 RPM, shall not exceed Erad (r) μm, where Erad is a function of the radius r according to the following specifications: for r ≤ 29 mm: Erad (r) = 0,025 μm, 2

⎛ r ⎞ for r ≥ 29 mm: Erad (r ) = ⎜ ⎟ × 0,025 μm, with r expressed in mm. ⎝ 29 ⎠ Disks suited to be recorded at speeds > 8 × the Reference velocity, shall furthermore fulfil the following requirement, additional to the requirement above: the residual tracking error shall not exceed 0,055 μm at any radius. If present, the 50 Hz component shall be removed from the residual tracking error before applying these requirements (e.g. by software processing of the sampled measurement data). This process effectively removes the influence of the pure eccentricity of the disk.

12 12.1

Optical characteristics in the Information Zone Index of refraction The index of refraction of the substrate in the Information Zone shall be 1,55 ± 0,10.

12.2

Thickness of the substrate The thickness of the substrate, from the entrance surface to the recording layer, varies with the index of refraction of the substrate and shall be defined as the enclosed region in Figure 8.

- 17 -

Thickness (mm)

(1,45; 0,633) (1,56; 0,620)

0,620

(1,65; 0,620)

0,600 (1,45; 0,593)

0,580

(1,65; 0,580)

(1,56; 0,580)

1,40

1,50

1,60

1,70 Index of refraction

Figure 8 — Thickness of the substrate

12.3

Reflectivity The double-pass optical transmission of the substrate and the reflectivity of the recording layer are measured together as the reflectance R of the disk. When measured according to Annex C the value of R shall be in the Information Zone

0,45 ≤ R d ≤ 0,85 in the unrecorded groove 0,45 ≤ R 14H ≤ 0,85 in the recorded groove

The product of the reflectance of the unrecorded groove R d and the optimized write power Ppeak for the write strategy concerned (see 29.3.2) shall fulfil the following requirement: R d × actual Ppeak ≤

12.4

Ppeak_max for λ ≤ λIND for write strategy concerned × 9 mW Ppeak_max for λ ≤ λIND for basic writ e strategy

Birefringence The birefringence of the substrate shall not exceed 60 nm when measured according to Annex D.

- 18 -

12.5

Angular deviation The angular deviation is the angle α between a parallel incident beam perpendicular to the Reference Plane P and the reflected beam (see Figure 9). The incident beam shall have a diameter in the range 0,30 mm to 3,0 mm. This angle α includes deflection due to the entrance surface and to the unparallelism of the recording layer with the entrance surface. Substrate Recording layer

Entrance surface

α Reflected beam

P Incident beam

Figure 9 — Angular deviation α

The angular deviation shall be In radial direction :

| α| = 0,70° max.

The variation of α in radial direction over one revolution shall be 0,80° peak-to-peak max. In tangential direction :

| α| = 0,30° max.

- 19 -

Section 3 — Format of information 13

Data format The data received from the host, called Main Data, is formatted in a number of steps before being recorded on the disk. It is transformed successively into − a Data Frame, − a Scrambled Frame, − an ECC Block, − 16 Recording Frames, − 16 Physical Sectors, − a Recording Unit. These steps are specified in the following clauses.

13.1

Data Frames A Data Frame shall consist of 2 064 bytes arranged in an array of 12 rows each containing 172 bytes (Figure 10). The first row shall start with three fields, called Identification Data (ID), ID Error Detection Code (IED), and RSV bytes, followed by 160 Main Data bytes. The next 10 rows shall each contain 172 Main Data bytes, and the last row shall contain 168 Main Data bytes followed by four bytes for recording an Error Detection Code (EDC). The 2 048 Main Data bytes are identified as D 0 to D 2 047. ←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 172 bytes ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→

↑ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ 12 rows ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ↓

4 bytes

2 bytes

6 bytyes

IED

RSV

Main data 160 bytes (D0 - D 159)

Main data 172 bytes (D 160 - D 331) Main data 172 bytes (D 332 - D 503) Main data 172 bytes (D 504 - D 675) Main data 172 bytes (D 676 - D 847) Main data 172 bytes (D 848 - D 1 019) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 020 - D 1 191) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 192 - D 1 363) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 364 - D 1 535) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 536 - D 1 707) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 708 - D 1 879) Main data 168 bytes (D 1 880 - D 2 047)

EDC 4 bytes

Figure 10 — Data Frame

- 20 -

13.1.1

Identification Data (ID) This field shall consist of four bytes, the bits of which are numbered consecutively from b 0 (lsb) to b 31 (msb), see Figure 11. (msb) b 31

b 0 (lsb)

b 24 b 23

Sector Information

Physical Sector Number

b 31

b 30

b 29

b 28

Sector format type

Tracking method

Reflectivity

Reserved

b 27

b 26 Zone type

b 25

b 24

Data type

Layer number

Figure 11 — Identification Data (ID)

The bits of the most significant byte, the Sector Information, shall be set as follows: Bit b 31 Bit b 30 Bit b 29 Bit b 28 Bits b 27 to b 26

shall be set to ZERO, indicating a CLD format shall be set to ZERO, indicating pit tracking capability (see 31.2.5) shall be set to ZERO indicating that the reflectance is greater than 40 % shall be set to ZERO shall be set to ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone ZERO ONE in the Lead-in Zone ONE ZERO in the Lead-out Zone Bit b 25 shall be set to ZERO, indicating read only data. shall be set to ZERO, indicating that through an entrance surface only one Bit b 24 recording layer can be accessed. The least significant three bytes, bits b 23 to b 0, shall specify the Physical Sector Number in binary notation. The Physical Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of an ECC Block shall be an integer multiple of 16.

13.1.2

ID Error Detection Code (IED) When identifying all bytes of the array shown in Figure 10 as C i,j for i = 0 to 11 and j = 0 to 171, the bytes of IED are represented by C 0,j for j = 4 to 5. Their setting is obtained as follows. 5

IED( x ) = ∑ C0, j x 5 − j = I( x ) x 2 mod GE ( x ) j =4

where 3

I( x ) = ∑ C0, j x 3 − j j =0

and

G E(x) = (x + 1)(x + α)

α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1 13.1.3

RSV This field shall consist of 6 bytes. The first byte may be set by the application. If not specified by the application, it is reserved and shall be set to (00). The remaining 5 bytes are reserved and shall all be set to (00). Under no circumstance may other data received from the host be recorded in this field. Circumvention : Recorders and recording drives shall be considered as circumvention devices when these are produced to record, or can easily be modified to record, in any manner, a user − defined number in this field.

- 21 -

13.1.4

Error Detection Code (EDC) This 4-byte field shall contain the parities of an Error Detection Code computed over the preceding 2 060 bytes of the Data Frame. Considering the Data Frame as a single bit field starting with the most significant bit of the first byte of the ID field and ending with the least significant bit of the EDC field, then this msb will be b 16 511 and the lsb will be b 0. Each bit b i of the EDC is shown as follows for i = 0 to 31: 31

EDC( x ) = ∑ b i x i = I( x ) mod G( x ) i =0

where I( x ) =

16 511

∑ bi x i

and

G(x) = x 32 + x 31 + x 4 + 1

i =32

13.2

Scrambled Frames The 2 048 Main Data bytes shall be scrambled by means of the circuit shown in Figure 12 which shall consist of a feedback bit shift register in which bits r 7 (msb) to r 0 (lsb) represent a scrambling byte at each 8-bit shift.

r14 r13 r12 r11 r10 r9

Sk at each 8-bit shift Figure 12 — Feedback shift register

At the beginning of the scrambling procedure of a Data Frame, positions r 14 to r 0 shall be pre-set to the value(s) specified in Table 1 (the msb of the pre-set value shall be discarded). The same pre-set value shall be used for 16 consecutive Data Frames. After 16 groups of 16 Data Frames, the sequence is repeated. The initial pre-set number is equal to the value represented by bits b7 (msb) to b4 (lsb) of the ID field of the Data Frame. Table 1 specifies the initial pre-set value of the shift register corresponding to the 16 initial pre-set numbers. Table 1 — Initial values of the shift register Initial pre-set number (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Initial pre-set value (0001) (5500) (0002) (2A00) (0004) (5400) (0008) (2800)

Initial pre-set number (8) (9) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)

Initial pre-set value (0010) (5000) (0020) (2001) (0040) (4002) (0080) (0005)

The part of the initial value of r 7 to r 0 is taken out as scrambling byte S0. After that, an 8-bit shift is repeated 2 047 times and the following 2 047 bytes shall be taken from r7 to r 0 as scrambling bytes S1 to S2 047. The Main Data bytes D k of the Data Frame become scrambled bytes D’ k where D’k = D k ⊕ Sk for k = 0 to 2 047 (⊕ stands for Exclusive OR)

- 22 -

13.3

ECC Blocks An ECC Block is formed by arranging 16 consecutive Scrambled Frames in an array of 192 rows of 172 bytes each (Figure 13). To each of the 172 columns 16 bytes of Parity of Outer Code are added, then, to each of the resulting 208 rows, 10 bytes of Parity of Inner Code are added. Thus a complete ECC Block comprises 208 rows of 182 bytes each. The bytes of this array are identified as B i,j as follows, where i is the row number and j is the column number. Bi,j for i = 0 to 191 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes from the Scrambled Frames Bi,j for i = 192 to 207 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes of the Parity of Outer Code Bi,j for i = 0 to 207 and j = 172 to 181 are bytes of the Parity of Inner Code PI 10 bytes

172 bytes B0,0 B1,0 B2,0

B0,1 B1,1 B2,1

B0,170 B1,170 B2,170

B0,171 B1,171 B2,171

B0,172 B1,172 B2,172

B0,181 B1,181 B2,181

B189,0 B190,0 B191,0 B192,0

B189,1 B190,1 B191,1 B192,1

B189,170 B190,170 B191,170 B192,170

B189,171 B190,171 B191,171 B192,171

B189,172 B190,172 B191,172 B192,172

B189,181 B190,181 B191,181 B192,181

B207,0

B207,1

B207,170 B207,171 B207,172

B207,181

192 rows

16 rows

Figure 13 — ECC Block

The PO and PI bytes shall be obtained as follows. In each of columns j = 0 to 171, the 16 PO bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial R j (x) to form the outer code RS(208,192,17). R j (x) =

207

∑ Bi,j x 207-i = I j ( x) x16 mod GPO ( x )

i =192

where 191

I j ( x ) = ∑ Bi,j x191- i i =0

and GPO ( x ) = ∏ ( x + αk ) k =0

In each of rows i = 0 to 207, the 10 PI bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial R i (x) to form the inner code RS(182,172,11). Ri ( x ) =

181

∑ Bi,j x181- j = Ii ( x) x10 mod GPI( x)

j =172

where 171

Ii ( x ) = ∑ Bi,j x171- j j =0

and

GPI( x ) = ∏ ( x + αk ) k =0

α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1

- 23 -

13.4

Recording Frames Sixteen Recording Frames shall be obtained by interleaving one of the 16 PO rows at a time after every 12 rows of an ECC Block (Figure 14). This is achieved by re-locating the bytes Bi,j of the ECC Block as Bm,n for m = i + int [i / 12]

and n = j for i ≤ 191

m = 13 × (i - 191) - 1 and n = j for i ≥ 192 where int [x] represents the largest integer not greater than x. Thus the 37 856 bytes of an ECC Block are re-arranged into 16 Recording Frames of 2 366 bytes. Each Recording Frame consists of an array of 13 rows of 182 bytes.

182 bytes B0,0 13 rows

B11,0 B192,0 B12,0

13 rows

B23,0 B193,0

...................

B0,171

B0,172

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B11,171 B11,172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B192,171 B192,172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B12,171 B12,172

. . . . . B0,181

. . . . . B11,181 . . . . . B192,181

Recording Frame 0

. . . . . B12,181

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B23,171 B23,172 . . . . . B23,181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B193,171 B193,172 . . . . . B193,181

Recording Frame 1

Recording Frames 2 - 14

B180,0 13 rows

B191,0 B207,0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B180,171 B180,172 . . . . . B180,181

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B191,171 B191,172 . . . . . B191,181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B207,171 B207,172 . . . . . B207,181

Recording Frame 15

Figure 14 — Recording Frames obtained from an ECC Block

13.5

Modulation and NRZI conversion The 8-bit bytes of each Recording Frame shall be transformed into 16-bit Code Words with the run length limitation that between 2 ONEs there shall be at least 2 ZEROs and at most 10 ZEROs (RLL(2,10)). Annex H specifies the conversion tables to be applied. The Main Conversion table and the Substitution table specify a 16-bit Code Word for each 256 8-bit bytes with one of 4 States. For each 8-bit byte, the tables indicate the corresponding Code Word, as well as the State for the next 8-bit byte to be encoded. The 16-bit Code Words shall be NRZI-converted into Channel bits before recording on the disk (see Figure 15). The Channel clock period is the time between 2 consecutive Channel bits. - 24 -

8-bit bytes

modulator

16-bit Code Words

NRZ conversion

Exclusive-OR

T = 1 channel clock period 16-bit Code Word pattern: 0 1 0 0

16 channel bits NRZI converted pulses

1T delay

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0

NRZ converted signal: NRZI converted pulses: Figure 15 — NRZI conversion

13.6

Physical Sectors The structure of a Physical Sector is shown in Figure 16. It shall consist of 13 rows, each comprising two Sync Frames. A Sync Frame shall consist of a SYNC Code from Table 2 and 1 456 Channel bits representing 91 8-bit bytes. Each row of the Physical Sector shall consist of two Sync Frames with the first 1 456 Channel bits representing the first 91 bytes of each row of a Recording Frame and the second 1 456 Channel bits representing the second 91 bytes of each row of a Recording Frame. ← 32 → ←⎯⎯ 1 456 ⎯⎯→ ← 32 → ←⎯⎯ 1 456 ⎯⎯→ ↑ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐

SY0

SY5

SY1

SY5

SY2

SY5

SY3

SY5

SY4

SY5

SY1

SY6

13 rows ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ↓

SY2

SY6

SY3

SY6

SY4

SY6

SY1

SY7

SY2

SY7

SY3

SY7

SY4

SY7

←⎯⎯ Sync Frame ⎯⎯→

Figure 16 — Physical Sector

Recording of the Physical Sector shall start with the first Sync Frame of the first row, followed by the second Sync Frame of that row, and so on, row-by-row. The state of each SYNC Code and each subsequent set of 16 Channel bits shall follow the rules defined in 13.8.

- 25 -

Table 2 — SYNC Codes State 1 and State 2 (next state is state 1) Primary SYNC codes

Secondary SYNC codes

(msb) (lsb) (msb) (lsb) SY0 = 0001001001000100 0000000000010001 / 0001001000000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 0000010000000100 0000000000010001 / 0000010001000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 0001000000000100 0000000000010001 / 0001000001000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 0000100000000100 0000000000010001 / 0000100001000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 0010000000000100 0000000000010001 / 0010000001000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 0010001001000100 0000000000010001 / 0010001000000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 0010010010000100 0000000000010001 / 0010000010000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 0010010001000100 0000000000010001 / 0010010000000100 0000000000010001 State 3 and State 4 (next state is state 1) Primary SYNC codes Secondary SYNC codes (msb) (lsb) (msb) (lsb) SY0 = 1001001000000100 0000000000010001 / 1001001001000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 1000010001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000010000000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 1001000001000100 0000000000010001 / 1001000000000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 1000001001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000001000000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 1000100001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000100000000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 1000100100000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000100000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 1001000010000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000001000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 1000100010000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000010000100 0000000000010001

13.7

Layout of a Recording UNit (RUN) A RUN shall consist of an integer number (M ≥ 1) of sets of 16 Physical Sectors, each from a single ECC Block. The M ECC Blocks shall be preceded by 8 Channel bits, which are meant to reduce possible influences of inaccuracies of the linking point, while the last 8 Channel bits of the last Physical Sector shall be discarded at recording. The 8 linking Channel bits and the next SYNC Code SY0 (chosen from State 1/2 or State 3/4) shall be chosen randomly, such that the runlength constraints specified in 13.5 are fulfilled. Each RUN of M ECC Blocks (M ≥ 1) starting with ECC Block N shall be recorded in the following way: 8 Channel bits for linking in ECC Block N-1, full ECC Blocks N to N + M – 2 (if M ≥ 2), ECC Block N + M − 1, except for the last 8 Channel bits, which bits shall not be recorded. The positioning of a Recording Unit is shown in Figure 17. When the RUN starting with ECC Block N is to be recorded, and ECC Block N-1 has not yet been recorded, then the RUN shall be extended with a dummy ECC Block N-1 of which all Main Data bytes shall be set to (00) (see also Clause 23: Sequential recording).

- 26 -

middle of wobble 15

theoretical start position ±5 T max

actual start position

M ECC Blocks

linking

8 Channel bits

ECC Block last 8 Channel N + M -1 bits

ECC Block N

to be recorded

to be discarded at recording

Figure 17 — Recording Unit

13.7.1

Recording Unit position Each ECC Block, consisting of 16 Physical Sectors, shall correspond to 4 ADIP words (see 14.4.1.1). RUNs shall be mapped onto the structure of tracks (see 14.4), such that the Physical Sector Numbers (PSN), of which the 2 least significant bits have been discarded, correspond to the local Physical Address in ADIP (PAA). In mathematical form: PSN = 4×PAA + i, where i = 0, 1, 2, or 3 (for example: Physical Sector Numbers (030000) to (030003) correspond to Physical ADIP Address (00C000)).

The reference for the theoretical start positions is wobble 15 following the ADIP word sync unit of the ADIP words of which the 2 least significant address bits are 00 (see 14.4.1.1 and Figure 21). The theoretical start position is 8 Channel bits after the nominal position of the zero crossing in the middle of the above mentioned wobble 15 of the wobble signal from Read channel 2. The start of each recording shall be within ± 5 Channel bits of the theoretical start position. During writing the Channel bit clock shall be phase locked to the wobble frequency.

13.8

d.c. component suppression control To ensure a reliable radial tracking and a reliable detection of the HF signals, the low frequency content of the stream of Channel bit patterns should be kept as low as possible. In order to achieve this, the Digital Sum Value (DSV, see 4.3) shall be kept as close to zero as possible. At the beginning of the modulation, the DSV shall be set to 0. The different ways of diminishing the current value of the DSV are as follows: a) Choice of SYNC Codes between Primary or Secondary SYNC Codes. b) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 0 to 87, the Substitution table offers an alternative 16-bit Code Word for all States. c) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 88 to 255, when the prescribed State is 1 or 4, then the 16-bit Code Word can be chosen either from State 1 or from State 4, so as to ensure that the RLL requirement is met. In order to use these possibilities, two data streams, Stream 1 and Stream 2, are generated. Stream 1 shall start with the Primary SYNC Code and Stream 2 with the Secondary SYNC Code of the same category of SYNC Codes. As both streams are modulated individually, they generate a different DSV because of the difference between the bit patterns of the Primary and Secondary SYNC Codes. - 27 -

In the cases b) and c), there are two possibilities to represent a 8-bit byte. The DSV of each stream is computed up to the 8-bit byte preceding the 8-bit byte for which there is this choice. The stream with the lowest ⏐DSV⏐ is selected and duplicated to the other stream. Then, one of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into Stream 1 and the other into Stream 2. This operation is repeated each time case b) or c) occurs. Whilst case b) always occurs at the same pattern position in both streams, case c) may occur in one of the streams and not in the other because, for instance, the next State prescribed by the previous 8-bit byte can be 2 or 3 instead of 1 or 4. In that case the following 3-step procedure shall be applied: 1) Compare the⏐DSV⏐s of both streams. 2) If the ⏐DSV⏐ of the stream in which case c) occurs is smaller than that of the other stream, then the stream in which case c) has occurred is chosen and duplicated to the other stream. One of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into this stream and the other into the other stream. 3) If the ⏐DSV⏐ of the stream in which case c) has occurred is larger than that of the other stream, then case c) is ignored and the 8-bit byte is represented according to the prescribed State. In both cases b) and c), if the ⏐DSV⏐s are equal, the decision to choose Stream 1 or Stream 2 is implementation-defined. The procedure for case a) shall be as follows: 1) At the end of each Sync Frame, whether or not case b) and or case c) have occurred, the accumulated DSVs of both streams are compared. The stream with the lower ⏐DSV⏐ is selected and duplicated to the other stream. Then the next Primary SYNC Code and the Secondary SYNC Code of the proper category are inserted each in one of the streams. Optionally the procedure for case a) can be extended in the following way: 2) If the DSV at the end of the resulting Sync Frame is greater than + 63 or smaller than -64, then the SYNC Code at the beginning of the Sync Frame is changed from Primary to Secondary or vice versa. If this yields a smaller⏐DSV⏐, the change is permanent, if the ⏐DSV⏐⎜ is not smaller, the original SYNC Code is retained. During the DSV computation, the actual values of the DSV may vary between -1 000 and +1 000, thus it is recommended that the count range for the DSV be at least from -1 024 to +1 023.

14 14.1

Track format Track shape The area in the Information Zone (see 10.7) shall contain tracks formed from a single spiral groove. Each track shall form a 360° turn of a continuous spiral. The shape of each track is determined by the requirements in Section 5. Recordings shall be made on the groove. The tracks in the Information Zone contain a phase modulated sinusoidal deviation from the nominal centrelines, called wobble, which contains addressing information. The tracks shall be continuous in the Information Zone. The groove tracks shall start at a radius of 22,00 mm max, and end at a radius of 58,75 mm min (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

14.2

Track path The track path shall be a continuous spiral from the inside (beginning of the Lead-in Zone) to the outside (end of the Lead-out Zone) when the disk rotates counter-clockwise as viewed from the optical head.

- 28 -

14.3

Track pitch The track pitch is the distance measured between the average track centrelines of adjacent tracks, measured in the radial direction. The track pitch shall be 0,74 μm ± 0,03 μm. The track pitch averaged over the Information Zone shall be 0,74 μm ± 0,01 μm.

14.4

Track layout The wobble of the tracks is a sinusoidal deviation from the nominal centrelines, with a wavelength of 4,265 6 μm ± 0,045 0 μm (equivalent to 32 Channel bits). The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the oscillator for generating the wobble sine wave shall be ≤ -40 dB. The wobble is phase modulated by inverting wobble cycles. The information contained in the wobble modulation is called Address-in-Pregroove or ADIP (see 14.4.1.1).

14.4.1

ADIP information The data to be recorded onto the disk must be aligned with the ADIP information modulated in the wobble. Therefore 93 wobbles shall correspond to 2 Sync Frames. Of each 93 wobbles, 8 wobbles are phase modulated with ADIP information (see Figure 18).

1 wobble equals 32 Channel bits (= 32T) one ADIP unit = 8 modulated wobbles per 2 Sync Frames 2 Sync Frames ←⎯⎯⎯ 1 488 Channel bits ⎯⎯⎯→

←⎯⎯⎯ 1 488 Channel bits ⎯⎯⎯→

Sync

data

←⎯⎯ 16 wobbles ⎯⎯→

one ADIP unit ← 8 wobbles →

data

←⎯⎯ 16 wobbles ⎯⎯→

←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 85 monotone wobbles ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→

←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 93 wobbles ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ Figure 18 — General ADIP structure

14.4.1.1 ADIP word structure 52 ADIP units are grouped into one ADIP word each. This means that one ADIP word corresponds to 4 × 13 × 2 Sync Frames ≡ 4 Physical Sectors.

Each ADIP word shall consist of: 1 ADIP sync unit + 51 ADIP data units. ADIP sync unit = 4 inverted wobbles for word sync + 4 monotone wobbles. ADIP data unit = 1 inverted wobble for bit sync + 3 monotone wobbles + 4 wobbles representing one data bit. (see 14.4.1.3)

- 29 -

ADIP word structure: wobble 0 ↑

↑

wobble 4 to 7 ↑

word sync

↑

data unit

bit sync

data bit 1

ADIP

data unit

bit sync

data bit 2

4 Physical

word

Sectors

↓

data unit

bit sync

↓

Block

ADIP words

sync unit

wobble 1 to 3

: data bit 51

ECC

↓

Figure 19 — ADIP word structure

The information contained in the data bits is as follows: bit 1:

this bit is reserved and shall be set to ZERO.

bits 2 to 23 : these 22 bits contain a Physical ADIP Address .

Data bit 2 is the msb and data bit 23 is the lsb. The addresses increase by one for each next ADIP word. The first address in the Information Zone shall be such that Physical ADIP 0,00 Address (00C000) is located at radius 24,00 +− 0,2 0 mm .

Physical ADIP Address (098150), which is the first address corresponding to the Lead-out Zone, shall be located at a radius ≤ 58,00 mm (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). bits 24 to 31 : these 8 bits contain auxiliary information about the disk.

Bit 24 to 31 from 256 consecutive ADIP words, shall form one ADIP Aux Frame with 256 bytes of information. The first byte of each ADIP Aux Frame shall be located in an ADIP word with a Physical ADIP Address that is a multiple of 256 (Physical ADIP Address = (xxxx00)). In the Lead-in Zone and the Inner Drive Area of the disk the auxiliary bytes shall be used for storing Physical format information. The contents of the 256 bytes are defined in Table 3 and 14.4.2. In the Data Zone of the disk the auxiliary bytes may be used for storing Extended format information as defined in Annex B. If not used for such purpose all bytes shall be set to (00). In the Lead-out Zone / Outer Drive Area of the disk the auxiliary bytes shall be set to (00). bits 32 to 51 : these 20 bits contain error correction parities for the ADIP information (see 14.4.1.2).

- 30 -

14.4.1.2 ADIP error correction For the ADIP error correction the ADIP data bits are grouped into 4-bit nibbles. The mapping of the data bits into the nibble array is defined in Figure 20. Bit 0 is a dummy bit, which shall be considered as set to ZERO for the error corrector. ↑

nibble N0

bit 0

bit 1

bit 2

bit 3

nibble N1

bit 4

bit 5

ADIP

nibbles

address

bit 20

bit 23

bit 24

nibble N7

bit 28

nibble N8

bit 32

↓ ↑ 2

AUX

↓ nibbles

data

↑

nibble

bit 31

based

nibbles

R-S

nibble N12

bit 48

bit 49

bit 50

bit 51

↓

ECC

Figure 20 — ADIP error correction structure

A nibble-based RS(13,8,6) code is constructed, of which the 5 parity nibbles N 8 to N 12, are defined by the remainder polynomial R(x): 12

R( x ) = ∑ Ni x12-i = I( x ) x 5 mod GPA ( x ) i =8

where 7

I( x ) = ∑ Ni x 7-i i =0

and

GPA ( x ) = ∏ ( x + αk ) k=0

α is the primitive root 0010 of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 4 + x + 1 All bits of the 5 parity nibbles N 8 to N 12 shall be inverted before recording. 14.4.1.3 ADIP modulation rules The ADIP units are modulated by inverting some of the 8 wobble cycles:

− PW is a positive wobble, which shall start moving towards the inside of the disk. − NW is a negative wobble, which shall start moving towards the outside of the disk. − all monotone wobbles shall be PWs.

- 31 -

Modulation of the ADIP word sync: ADIP sync unit

wobble wobble 92 0

4 NW

4 PW

Modulation of an ADIP ZERO bit: ADIP data unit with data set to ZERO

wobble wobble 92 0

1 NW

3 PW

5 2 PW

2 NW

Modulation of an ADIP ONE bit: ADIP data unit with data set to ONE

wobble wobble 92 0 1 NW

3 PW

5 2 NW

6 2 PW

Figure 21 — ADIP modulation rules

14.4.2

P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n A D I P This information shall comprise the 256 bytes shown in Table 3. It contains disk information and values for the write strategy parameters to be used with the Optimum Power Control (OPC) algorithm to determine optimum laser power levels for writing (see Annex G and Annex I). The information is copied to the Control Data Zone (see 18.8.1) during finalization of the Lead-in Zone of the disk.

- 32 -

Table 3 — Physical format information Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

0 1 2 3

Disk Category and Version Number Disk size Disk structure Recording density

1 1 1 1

4 to 15

Data Zone allocation

General Flag bits

Disk Application Code

Extended Information indicators

19 to 26

Disk Manufacturer ID

27 to 29

Media Type ID

Product revision number

number of Physical format information bytes in use in ADIP up to byte 63

Primary recording velocity for the basic write strategy

Upper recording velocity for the basic write strategy

Wavelength λIND

normalized Write power dependency on Wavelength (dP/dλ)/(PIND/λIND)

Maximum read power at Primary velocity

PIND at Primary velocity

βtarget at Primary velocity

Maximum read power at Upper velocity

PIND at Upper velocity

βtarget at Upper velocity

Ttop (≥4T) first pulse duration for cm∗ ≥4T at Primary velocity

(=3T) first pulse duration for cm∗ =3T at Primary velocity

Ttop

Tmp multi pulse duration at Primary velocity

Tlp last pulse duration at Primary velocity

dTtop

(≥4T) first pulse lead time for cm∗ ≥4T at Primary velocity

dTtop

(=3T) first pulse lead time for cm∗ =3T at Primary velocity

dTle first pulse leading edge shift for ps∗ =3T at Primary velocity

49 50

Ttop

(≥4T) first pulse duration for cm∗ ≥4T at Upper velocity

Ttop

(=3T) first pulse duration for cm∗ =3T at Upper velocity

Tmp multi pulse duration at Upper velocity

Tlp last pulse duration at Upper velocity

dTtop

(≥4T) first pulse lead time for cm∗ ≥4T at Upper velocity

dTtop

(=3T) first pulse lead time for cm∗ =3T at Upper velocity

dTle first pulse leading edge shift for ps∗ =3T at Upper velocity

56 to 63

Reserved - All (00)

64 to 95

Extended Information block 0

96 to 127

Extended Information block 1

128 to 159

Extended Information block 2

∗ cm = current mark, ps = previous space (see also Annex G) - 33 -

Table 3 — Physical format information (concluded) Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

160 to 191

Extended Information block 3

192 to 223

Extended Information block 4

224 to 247

Extended Information block 5

248 to 255

Reserved for use in the Control Data Zone – All (00)

This version of this document specifies several types of disks, with different recording velocity ranges. The specific write parameters for each recording velocity range shall be specified in separate blocks (EI blocks, see 14.4.2.3). The following types of disks (characterized by the so-called X-speed) have now been defined and their ADIP shall contain the EI Blocks as indicated in Table 4. T a b l e 4 — T yp e s o f d i s k s type of disk

basic write strategy bytes 32 to 63 (1x & 2,4x speed)

4x+ write strategy EI block Format 1 (4x speed)

6x+ write strategy EI block Format 2 (6x ~ 8x speed)

6x+ write strategy EI block Format 3 (6x ~ 16x speed)

remarks

“2,4x”

−

this disk shall be suited for recording speeds of 3,49 & 8,44 m/s only

−

this disk shall be suited for recording speeds of 3,49 & 8,44 m/s and 13,95 m/s

−

this disk shall be suited for recording speeds of 3,49 & 8,44 m/s, 13,95 m/s and 20,9 ~ 27,9 m/s

this disk shall be suited for recording speeds of 3,49 & 8,44 m/s, 13,95 m/s and 20,9 ~ 55,8 m/s

“4x”

“8x”

“16x”

−

+ shall be present

− shall not be used

1 4 . 4 . 2 . 1 G e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n - B yt e s 0 t o 3 1 Byte 0 – Disk Category and Version Number

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall specify the Disk Category, bit b 7 shall be set to 1 indicating a disk according to the +R/+RW Format (see Clause 3), bit b 6 shall be set to 0 indicating a single layer disk, bits b 5 and b 4 shall be set to 10 indicating a +R disk.

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the Version Number, they shall be set to 0001 indicating this Ecma Standard. This Version Number identifies amongst others the definitions of the data in bytes 32 to 63. Drives not acquainted with the specific Version Number of a disk should not try to record on that disk using the information in bytes 32 to 63, which bytes contain the basic write strategy parameters (see Annex Q).

NOTE Version number 0000 can be used for identification of test disks. Such test disks might not contain the correct Physical format information in their ADIP Aux Frames.

- 34 -

Byte 1 – Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall specify the disk size, they shall be set to 0000, indicating a 120 mm disk (for 80 mm disk see Annex A)

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the maximum read transfer rate, they shall be set to 1111 indicating no maximum read transfer rate is specified

Byte 2 – Disk structure

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall be set to 0000

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the type of the recording layer(s): they shall be set to 0010, indicating a write-once recording layer.

Byte 3 – Recording density

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall specify the average Channel bit length in the Information Zone, they shall be set to 0000, indicating 0,133 μm.

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the average track pitch, they shall be set to 0000, indicating an average track pitch of 0,74 μm.

Bytes 4 to 15 – Data Zone allocation

Byte 4

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 5 to 7

shall be set to (030000) to specify PSN 196 608 of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone

Byte 8

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 9 to 11 shall be set to (26053F) to specify PSN 2 491 711 as the last possible Physical Sector of the Data Zone (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). Bytes 12 to 15 shall be set to (00). Byte 16 – General Flag bits

Bit b 7

shall be set to ZERO

Bit b 6

shall specify if the disk contains Extended format information in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone related to the VCPS copy protection system, shall be set to 0, indicating no Extended format information for VCPS is present, shall be set to 1, indicating the Data Zone contains Extended format information for VCPS as defined in Annex B and the VCPS System Description (see Annex P).

Bit b 5

is reserved for use in the Control Data Zone and shall be set to ZERO

Bits b 4 to b 0

are reserved and shall be set to 0 0000

Byte 17 – Disk Application Code

This byte can identify disks that are restricted to be used for special applications only. Drives not able to identify the particular application related to a specific Disk Application Code or not able to act according to the rules as defined for this particular application are not allowed to write on a disk with such a code. (00) identifies a disk for General Purpose use (no restrictions, all drives are allowed to write on a disk carrying this code), all other codes are reserved.

- 35 -

Byte 18 – Extended Information indicators

Bits b 7 to b 6

are reserved and shall be set to 00

Bits b 5 to b 0

each of these bits shall indicate the presence of an Extended Information block. Bit b i shall be set to 1 if Extended Information block i, consisting of bytes (64 + i×32) to (95 + i×32), is in use. Else bit b i shall be set to 0.

Bytes 19 to 26 – Disk Manufacturer ID

These 8 bytes shall identify the manufacturer of the disk. This name shall be represented by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). If the Disk Manufacturer ID is not used, these 8 bytes shall be set to (00). Bytes 27 to 29 – Media Type ID

Disk manufacturers can have different types of media, which shall be specified by these 3 bytes. The specific type of disk is denoted in this field by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). If the Media Type ID is not used these 3 bytes shall be set to (00) NOTE If bytes 19 to 29 are used for disk identification, disks with different characteristics shall be identified by different and unique combinations of Disk Manufacturer ID / Media Type ID. Therefore the contents of bytes 19 to 29 shall be approved by the licensors of the +R system.

Byte 30 – Product revision number

This byte shall identify the product revision number in binary notation. All disks with the same Disk Manufacturer ID and the same Media Type ID, regardless of Product revision numbers, must have the same recording properties (only minor differences are allowed: Product revision numbers shall be irrelevant for recorders). The content of this byte can be chosen freely by the disk manufacturer. If not used this byte shall be set to (00). Byte 31 – number of Physical format information bytes in use in ADIP up to byte 63

This byte forms one 8-bit binary number indicating the number of bytes actually in use for the basic Physical format information (in bytes 0 to 63). It shall be set to (38) indicating that only the first 56 bytes of the Physical format information are used. 1 4 . 4 . 2 . 2 B a s i c w r i t e s t r a t e g y p a r a m e t e r s - B yt e s 3 2 t o 6 3 Byte 32 – Primary recording velocity for the basic write strategy

This byte indicates the lowest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in bytes 34 to 63 in this Physical format information. This recording velocity is equal to the Reference velocity and shall be specified as a number n such that n = 10 × vPrimary,basic (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (23) indicating a Primary writing speed of about 3,49 m/s (1x). Byte 33 – Upper recording velocity for the basic write strategy

This byte indicates the highest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in bytes 34 to 63 in this Physical format information. This recording velocity shall be specified as a number n such that n = 10 × vUpper,basic (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (54) indicating a Upper writing speed of about 8,44 m/s (2,4x). - 36 -

Byte 34 – Wavelength λ IND

This byte shall specify the laser wavelength in nanometers at which the optimum write parameters in the following bytes are specified, as a number n such that n = Wavelength – 600 For this version of the +R system, n shall be equal to (37) indicating that λ IND is 655 nanometers. Byte 35 – Normalized Write power dependency on Wavelength

This byte shall specify the average write power dependency on the wavelength normalized by the ratio of PIND and λ IND (see 29.3.3 and Annex K), as a number n such that n = (dP/dλ )/(PIND/λ IND) Byte 36 – Maximum read power, P r at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at Primary velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 37 – PIND at Primary velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Pwo used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I and Annex K. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Pwo in milliwatts at Primary velocity and λ IND as a number n such that n = 20 × (PIND - 5) Byte 38 – β target at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for β, β target at Primary velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × (β target + 1) Byte 39 – Maximum read power, P r at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 40 – PIND at Upper velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Pwo used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I and Annex K. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Pwo in milliwatts at Upper velocity and λ IND as a number n such that n = 20 × (PIND - 5) Byte 41 – β target at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for β, β target at Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × (β target + 1)

- 37 -

Byte 42 – T top ( ≥ 4T) first pulse duration for current mark ≥ 4T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the first pulse of the multi pulse train when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 40

Byte 43 – T top (=3T) first pulse duration for current mark =3T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the first pulse of the multi pulse train when the current mark is a 3T mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 40

Byte 44 – T mp multi pulse duration at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the 2 nd pulse through the 2 nd to last pulse of the multi pulse train for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tmp

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 14

Byte 45 – T lp last pulse duration at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the last pulse of the multi pulse train when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tlp

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 24

Byte 46 – dT top ( ≥ 4T) first pulse lead time for current mark ≥ 4T at Primary velocity

When the current mark is a 4T or greater mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 24

Byte 47 – dT top (=3T) first pulse lead time for current mark =3T at Primary velocity

When the current mark is a 3T mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 24

Byte 48 – dT le first pulse leading edge shift for previous space =3T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the leading edge shift for the 1 st pulse of the multi pulse train when the previous space was a 3T space for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTle

and

0≤n≤4

- 38 -

Byte 49 – T top ( ≥ 4T) first pulse duration for current mark ≥ 4T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the first pulse of the multi pulse train when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 40

Byte 50 – T top (3T) first pulse duration for current mark =3T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the first pulse of the multi pulse train when the current mark is a 3T mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 40

Byte 51 – T mp multi pulse duration at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the 2 nd pulse through the 2 nd to last pulse of the multi pulse train for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tmp

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 14

Byte 52 – T lp last pulse duration at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the last pulse of the multi pulse train when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tlp

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 24

Byte 53 – dT top ( ≥ 4T) first pulse lead time for current mark ≥ 4T at Upper velocity

When the current mark is a 4T or greater mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 24

Byte 54 – dT top (=3T) first pulse lead time for current mark =3T at Upper velocity

When the current mark is a 3T mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 24

Byte 55 – dT le first pulse leading edge shift for previous space =3T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the leading edge shift for the 1st pulse of the multi pulse train when the previous space was a 3T space for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.1). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTle

and

0≤n≤4

- 39 -

Bytes 56 to 63 – Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). 1 4 . 4 . 2 . 3 E x t e n d e d I n f o r m a t i o n b l o c k s - B yt e s ( 6 4 + i × 3 2 ) t o ( 9 5 + i × 3 2 ) (i = 0 to 5)

Extended Information (EI) blocks are meant to facilitate future extensions. Each such block consists of 32 bytes. These bytes can hold for instance parameters for alternative write strategies or other advanced parameters. If a set of parameters does not fit in one Extended Information block, additional continuation blocks can be added, which additional blocks are identified by a Continuation bit. The presence of an Extended Information block shall be indicated by the appropriate bit in byte 18. If an Extended Information block is not used, all 32 bytes shall be set to (00). Byte (64 + i× 32) Extended Information block i Format number / Continuation bit Bits b 6 to b 0 indicate the Format number which identifies the definitions of the data in bytes (65 + i×32) to (95 + i×32).

If bit b 7 is set to ONE, the related Extended Information block is not an independent block but a continuation of the preceding Extended Information block. The Format number in a continuation block shall be the same as the Format number in the preceding Extended Information block. A disk can have several Extended Information blocks. The contents of blocks with different Format numbers have to be interpreted each according to their respective definitions. The contents of blocks with the same Format number are interpreted in the same way; the parameters specified in these blocks however can have different values. Drives not acquainted with the specific Format number in block i, should not use the parameters in this Extended Information block (see Annex Q). NOTE The contents of an EI block are identified by the Format number of the block only. The position of the EI block in the ADIP Aux Frame is irrelevant for this, so an EI block with Format number n could be allocated at any position i. Therefore drives should always check the Format numbers in the EI blocks to be sure that the write strategies are correctly interpreted.

Bytes (65 + i× 32) to (95 + i× 32)

Each parameter set defined for these bytes shall be identified by a unique Format number. Bytes 248 to 255 – Reserved for use in the Control Data Zone

These bytes shall be set to (00). 14.4.2.3.1 Extended information for the “4x+” write strategy This Extended Information block specifies the parameters for a write strategy usable at speeds of 4 times the basic DVD speed (4×3,49 m/s) or higher. The write strategy used at these speeds is a so-called “Blocked” write strategy as defined in Annex G.2. If the disk can not be recorded under these “4x+” conditions, this EI block shall not be used (all bytes set to (00) and related Extended Information indicator bit set to ZERO). Byte 18 – Extended Information indicators

This byte shall be set to xxxx xxx1 indicating Extended Information block 0 is in use.

- 40 -

Table 5 — Extended Information block 0 Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

Continuation bit / Format number

Reserved - set to (00)

Primary recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

Maximum read power at Primary velocity

PIND at Primary velocity

βtarget at Primary velocity

dPw (=3T) power enhancement for cm =3T at Primary velocity

dPw (=4T) power enhancement for cm =4T at Primary velocity

Ttop (≥4T) first part of write pulse for cm ≥4T at Primary velocity (= dTtop (≥4T) + TW)

Ttop (=3T) write pulse duration for cm =3T at Primary velocity

Tmp at Primary velocity (= TW)

Tlp last part of write pulse for cm ≥4T at Primary velocity

dTtop (≥4T) write pulse lead time for cm ≥4T at Primary velocity

dTtop (=3T) write pulse lead time for cm =3T at Primary velocity

dTle write pulse leading edge shift for ps =3T at Primary velocity

80 to 81

Reserved - set to (00)

Maximum read power at Upper velocity

PIND at Upper velocity

βtarget at Upper velocity

dPw (=3T) power enhancement for cm =3T at Upper velocity

dPw (=4T) power enhancement for cm =4T at Upper velocity

Ttop (≥4T) first part of write pulse for cm ≥4T at Upper velocity (= dTtop (≥4T) + TW)

Ttop (=3T) write pulse duration for cm =3T at Upper velocity

Tmp at Upper velocity (= TW)

Tlp last part of write pulse for cm ≥4T at Upper velocity

dTtop (≥4T) write pulse lead time for cm ≥4T at Upper velocity

dTtop (=3T) write pulse lead time for cm =3T at Upper velocity

dTle write pulse leading edge shift for ps =3T at Upper velocity

94 to 95

Reserved - set to (00)

Byte 64 – Extended Information block 0 Continuation bit / Format number

This byte shall be set to 0000 0001 indicating Format 1 and this block not being a continuation block, for which bytes 65 to 95 have the following meaning: Byte 65 – Reserved

This byte is reserved and shall be set to (00) Byte 66 – Primary recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

It shall be set to (38) indicating a Primary writing speed of about 14 m/s (4x). Byte 67 – Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

This byte indicates the highest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in this EI block. This recording velocity shall be specified as a number n such that n = 4 × vUpper,EI 0 (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (38) indicating an Upper writing speed of about 14 m/s (4x). (In future when higher recording speeds which are compatible with this write strategy become possible, higher values can be allowed.) Byte 68 – Maximum read power, P r at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at Primary velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 69 – PIND at Primary velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Pwo used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I and Annex K. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Pwo in milliwatts at Primary velocity and λ IND as a number n such that n = 5 × (PIND - 5) Byte 70 – β target at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for β, β target at Primary velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × (β target + 1) Byte 71 – dPw (=3T) power enhancement for current mark =3T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the additional power for writing the 3T marks (see Annex G.2) at Primary velocity as a number n such that n = 200 × dPw / Pwo

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 100

Byte 72 – dPw (=4T) power enhancement for current mark =4T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the additional power for writing the 4T marks (see Annex G.2) at Primary velocity as a number n such that n = 200 × dPw / Pwo

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 100

Byte 73 – T top ( ≥ 4T) first part of write pulse for current mark ≥ 4T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the first part of the write pulse when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

n = value of byte 77 + 16

Byte 74 – T top (=3T) write pulse duration for current mark =3T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the write pulse when the current mark is a 3T mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 48 - 42 -

Byte 75 – T mp at Primary velocity

This byte has been added for consistency with the basic description of the write strategy (see Annex G). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tmp

and

n = 16

Byte 76 – T lp last part of write pulse at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the last part of the write pulse when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tlp

0 ≤ n ≤ 16

and

Byte 77 – dT top ( ≥ 4T) write pulse lead time for current mark ≥ 4T at Primary velocity

When the current mark is a 4T or greater mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the write pulse relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

0 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Byte 78 – dT top (=3T) write pulse lead time for current mark =3T at Primary velocity

When the current mark is a 3T mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the write pulse relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

0 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Byte 79 – dTle write pulse leading edge shift for previous space =3T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the leading edge shift for the write pulse when the previous space was a 3T space for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTle

0≤n≤4

and

Bytes 80 to 81 – Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). Byte 82 – Maximum read power, P r at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 83 – PIND at Upper velocity

Byte 84 – β target at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for β, β target at Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × (β target + 1) Byte 85 – dPw (=3T) power enhancement for current mark =3T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the additional power for writing the 3T marks (see Annex G.2) at Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 200 × dPw / Pwo

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 100

Byte 86 – dPw (=4T) power enhancement for current mark =4T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the additional power for writing the 4T marks (see Annex G.2) at Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 200 × dPw / Pwo

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 100

Byte 87 – T top ( ≥ 4T) first part of write pulse for current mark ≥ 4T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the first part of the write pulse when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

n = value of byte 91 + 16

Byte 88 – T top (=3T) write pulse duration for current mark =3T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the write pulse when the current mark is a 3T mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 48

Byte 89 – T mp at Upper velocity

Tmp

and

n = 16

Byte 90 – T lp last part of write pulse at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the last part of the write pulse when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tlp

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 16

Byte 91 – dT top ( ≥ 4T) write pulse lead time for current mark ≥ 4T at Upper velocity

When the current mark is a 4T or greater mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the write pulse relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 32

- 44 -

Byte 92 – dT top (=3T) write pulse lead time for current mark =3T at Upper velocity

When the current mark is a 3T mark, this byte shall specify the lead time of the write pulse relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the data pulse, for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTtop

0 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Byte 93 – dT le write pulse leading edge shift for previous space =3T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the leading edge shift for the write pulse when the previous space was a 3T space for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.2). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTle

0≤n≤4

and

Bytes 94 to 95 – Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). 14.4.2.3.2 Extended information for the “6x+” write strategy (8x parameters) This Extended Information block specifies the parameters for a write strategy usable at speeds of 6 times the basic DVD speed (6×3,49 m/s) or higher. The write strategy used at these speeds is a so-called “Castle” write strategy as defined in Annex G.3.

Because of too high rotational speeds at the inner side (see 9.5), the write strategy parameters for the Upper velocity shall be determined at the outer diameter of the disk. If the disk can not be recorded under these “6x+” conditions, this EI block shall not be used (all bytes set to (00) and related Extended Information indicator bit set to ZERO). Byte 18 – Extended Information indicators

This byte shall be set to xxxx xx1x indicating Extended Information block 1 is in use. Table 6 — Extended Information block 1 Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

Continuation bit / Format number

Reserved - set to (00)

Primary recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

100

Maximum read power at Primary velocity

101

PIND at Primary velocity

102

βtarget at Primary velocity

103

dPw power enhancement at Primary velocity

104

TI3 write pulse duration for 3T marks at Primary velocity

105

Ttop duration of power enhancement at Primary velocity

106

Tend (≥5T) duration of power enhancement for cm ≥5T at Primary velocity

107

Tend (=4T) duration of power enhancement for cm =4T at Primary velocity

108

dTle write pulse leading edge shift for ps =3T at Primary velocity

109

TC end of cooling gap at Primary velocity

- 45 -

Table 6 — Extended Information block 1 (concluded) 110 to 113

Reserved - set to (00)

114

Maximum read power at Upper velocity

115

PIND at Upper velocity

116

βtarget at Upper velocity

117

dPw power enhancement at Upper velocity

118

TI3 write pulse duration for 3T marks at Upper velocity

119

Ttop duration of power enhancement at Upper velocity

120

Tend (≥5T) duration of power enhancement for cm ≥5T at Upper velocity

121

Tend (=4T) duration of power enhancement for cm =4T at Upper velocity

122

dTle write pulse leading edge shift for ps =3T at Upper velocity

123

TC end of cooling gap at Upper velocity

124 to 126

Reserved - set to (00)

127

Pupper/Pprimary ratio

Byte 96 - Extended Information block 1 Continuation bit / Format number

This byte shall be set to 0000 0010 indicating Format 2 and this block not being a continuation block, for which bytes 97 to 127 have the following meaning: Byte 97 - Reserved

This byte is reserved and shall be set to all (00). Byte 98 – Primary recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

This byte indicates the lowest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in this EI block. This recording velocity shall be specified as a number n such that n = 4 × vPrimary,EI 1 (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (54) indicating a Primary writing speed of about 21 m/s (6x). Byte 99 – Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

This byte indicates the highest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in this EI block. This recording velocity shall be specified as a number n such that n = 4 × vUpper,EI 1 (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (70) indicating an Upper writing speed of about 28 m/s (8x). (In future, when higher recording speeds which are compatible with this write strategy become possible, higher values can be allowed.) Byte 100 - Maximum read power, P r at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at Primary velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 101 - PIND at Primary velocity

n = 5 × (PIND - 5) Byte 102 - β target at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for β, β target at Primary velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × (β target + 1) Byte 103 - dPw power enhancement at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the additional power for the 3T write pulse and for the beginning and end of all other write pulses (see Annex G.3) at Primary velocity as a number n such that n = 200 × dPw / Pwo

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 255

Byte 104 – T I3 write pulse duration for 3T marks at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the write pulse when the current mark is a 3T mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

TI3

and

16 ≤ n ≤ 48

Byte 105 – T top duration of power enhancement at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the power enhancement at the beginning of each write pulse when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 32

Byte 106 – T end ( ≥ 5T) duration of power enhancement for cm ≥ 5T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the power enhancement at the end of each write pulse when the current mark is a 5T or greater mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tend

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 32

Byte 107 – T end (=4T) duration of power enhancement for cm =4T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the power enhancement at the end of each write pulse when the current mark is a 4T mark for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tend

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 32

Byte 108 – dTle write pulse leading edge shift for previous space =3T at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the leading edge shift for the write pulse when the previous space was a 3T space for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTle

and

0≤n≤4

- 47 -

Byte 109 – T C end of cooling gap at Primary velocity

This byte shall specify the end of the cooling gap for recording at Primary velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

16 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Bytes 110 to 113 - Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). Byte 114 - Maximum read power, Pr at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 115 - PIND at Upper velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Pwo used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I and Annex K. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Pwo in milliwatts at Upper velocity and λ IND as a number n such that n = 5 × (PIND - 5) Byte 116 - β target at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for β, β target at Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × (β target + 1) Byte 117 - dPw power enhancement at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the additional power for the 3T write pulse and for the beginning and end of all other write pulses (see Annex G.3) at Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 200 × dPw / Pwo

and

0 ≤ n ≤ 255

Byte 118 – T I3 write pulse duration for 3T marks at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the write pulse when the current mark is a 3T mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

TI3

and

16 ≤ n ≤ 48

Byte 119 – T top duration of power enhancement at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the power enhancement at the beginning of each write pulse when the current mark is a 4T or greater mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Ttop

and

4 ≤ n ≤ 32

- 48 -

Byte 120 – T end ( ≥ 5T) duration of power enhancement for cm ≥ 5T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the duration of the power enhancement at the end of each write pulse when the current mark is a 5T or greater mark for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

Tend

4 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Byte 121 – T end (=4T) duration of power enhancement for cm =4T at Upper velocity

Tend

4 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Byte 122 – dTle write pulse leading edge shift for previous space =3T at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the leading edge shift for the write pulse when the previous space was a 3T space for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

dTle

0≤n≤4

and

Byte 123 – T C end of cooling gap at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the end of the cooling gap for recording at Upper velocity (see Annex G.3). The value is expressed in fractions of the Channel bit clock period as a number n such that n = 16 ×

16 ≤ n ≤ 32

and

Bytes 124 to 126 - Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). Byte 127 – Pupper/Pprimary ratio

This byte shall specify the ratio of the optimized write power at the Upper recording velocity, Pwo Upper, and the optimized write power at the Primary recording velocity, PwoPrimary, where Pwo Upper and Pwo Primary shall be the write power level without emphasis determined at about the same diameter. The ratio is expressed as a number n such that ⎛ PwoUpper ⎞ − 1⎟ n = 200 × ⎜ ⎜ PwoPrimary ⎟ ⎝ ⎠

14.4.2.3.3 Extended information for the “6x+” write strategy (16x parameters) This Extended Information block specifies the parameters for a write strategy usable at speeds of 6 times the basic DVD speed (6×3,49 m/s) up to 16 times the basic DVD speed (16×3,49 m/s). The write strategy used at these speeds is basically the same “Castle” write strategy as for the 8x disk defined in 14.4.2.3.2 and Annex G.3. Only some parameters have adapted ranges for their values.

Byte 18 – Extended Information indicators

This byte shall be set to xxxx x1xx indicating Extended Information block 2 is in use. Table 7 — Extended Information block 2 Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

128

Continuation bit / Format number

129

Reserved - set to (00)

130

Primary recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

131

Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

132

Maximum read power at Primary velocity

133

PIND at Primary velocity

134

βtarget at Primary velocity

135

dPw power enhancement at Primary velocity

136

TI3 write pulse duration for 3T marks at Primary velocity

137

Ttop duration of power enhancement at Primary velocity

138

Tend (≥5T) duration of power enhancement for cm ≥5T at Primary velocity

139

Tend (=4T) duration of power enhancement for cm =4T at Primary velocity

140

dTle write pulse leading edge shift for ps =3T at Primary velocity

141

TC end of cooling gap at Primary velocity

142 to 145

Reserved - set to (00)

146

Maximum read power at Upper velocity

147

PIND at Upper velocity

148

βtarget at Upper velocity

149

dPw power enhancement at Upper velocity

150

TI3 write pulse duration for 3T marks at Upper velocity

151

Ttop duration of power enhancement at Upper velocity

152

Tend (≥5T) duration of power enhancement for cm ≥5T at Upper velocity

153

Tend (=4T) duration of power enhancement for cm =4T at Upper velocity

154

dTle write pulse leading edge shift for ps =3T at Upper velocity

155

TC end of cooling gap at Upper velocity

156 to 158

Reserved - set to (00)

159

Pupper/Pprimary ratio

Byte 128 - Extended Information block 2 Continuation bit / Format number

This byte shall be set to 0000 0011, indicating Format 3 and this block not being a continuation block, for which bytes 129 to 159 have the following meaning: Byte 129 - Reserved

This byte is reserved and shall be set to all (00). Byte 130 – Primary recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

It shall be set to (54) indicating a Primary writing speed of about 21 m/s (6x). Byte 131 – Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

These bytes shall have the same definitions and value ranges as bytes 100 to 108 in 14.4.2.3.2. Byte 141 – T C end of cooling gap at Primary velocity

and

16 ≤ n ≤ 40

NOTE To preserve good tracking signals during recording, it is recommended to keep the cooling gap as short as possible.

Bytes 142 to 145 - Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). Bytes 146 to 154

These bytes shall have the same definitions and value ranges as bytes 114 to 122 in 14.4.2.3.2. Byte 155 – T C end of cooling gap at Upper velocity

and

16 ≤ n ≤ 40

NOTE To preserve good tracking signals during recording, it is recommended to keep the cooling gap as short as possible.

Bytes 156 to 158 - Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00). Byte 159 – Pupper /Pprimary ratio

This byte shall specify the ratio of the optimized write power at the Upper recording velocity, Pwo Upper, and the optimized write power at the Primary recording velocity speed, Pwo Primary, where Pwo Upper and Pwo Primary shall be the write power level without emphasis determined at about the same diameter. The ratio is expressed as a number n such that ⎛ PwoUpper ⎞ − 1,5 ⎟ n = 200 × ⎜ ⎜ PwoPrimary ⎟ ⎝ ⎠

- 51 -

Section 4 — Format of the Information Zone 15

General description of the Information Zone The Information Zone shall contain all information on the disk relevant for data interchange. The Information Zone may contain one or more sessions (see Clause 22). In double-sided disks there is one Information Zone per side. The Data Zones are intended for the recording of User Data. The Lead-in Zone contains control information. The Lead-out Zone allows for a continuous smooth lead-out and also contains control information. The Inner and Outer Drive Areas are meant for disk testing. In the next Clauses 16 to 21 a description is given for a Single-session disk. In such a disk, the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone constitute the recordable area in which the information is recorded using a non-reversible effect. The layout of a Multi-session disk is defined in Clause 22.

Layout of the Information Zone of a Single-session disk The Information Zone of single-sided and of each side of double-sided disks shall be sub-divided as shown in Table 8. The radii indicated in Table 8 for some of the Zones are the nominal values of the centre of the first (or last) track of the Zone.

16.1

Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs) The first Physical Sector of the Data Zone shall have PSN (030000). The PSNs increase by 1 for each next Physical Sector in the whole Information Zone (Figure 22). Information Zone

Physical Sector Number

Inner Drive Area

Lead-in Zone

Lead-out Outer Zone Drive Area

Data Zone

Address

(02FFFF)

(030000)

Radius

Figure 22 — Physical Sector numbering NOTE The Physical Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone is large enough so as to prevent a Physical Sector Number ≤ 0 to occur anywhere on the disk.

- 52 -

Table 8 — Layout of a fully recorded Single-session disk (for 80 mm disk see Annex A)

Inner Drive Area

Lead-in

Description

Nominal radius in mm

PSN of the first Physical Sector

Number of Physical Sectors

Initial Zone

start 22,000 mm

blank

Inner Disk Test Zone

start 22,616 mm

(023080)

16 384

Count Zone Run-in

start 23,052 mm

(027080)

1 024

Inner Disk Count Zone

start 23,079 mm

(027480)

4 096

Inner Disk Administration Zone

start 23,186 mm

(028480)

4 096

Table of Contents Zone

start 23,293 mm

(029480)

4 096

Guard Zone 1

start 23,400 mm

(02A480)

14 848

Reserved Zone 1

(02DE80)

4 096

Reserved Zone 2

(02EE80)

Inner Disk Identification Zone

(02EEC0)

256

Reserved Zone 3

(02EFC0)

(02F000)

Buffer Zone 1

(02F020)

480

Control Data Zone

(02F200)

3 072

Buffer Zone 2

(02FE00)

512

Reference Code Zone

Data

Lead-out

Outer Drive Area

start 23,896 mm

Data Zone

start 24,000 mm

(030000)

2 295 104 max

Buffer Zone 3

start 58,000 mm (at full capacity)

(260540) max

768

Outer Disk Identification Zone

(260840) max

256

Guard Zone 2

(260940) max

4 096 min

Outer Disk Administration Zone

start 58,053 mm

(261940)

4 096

Outer Disk Count Zone

start 58,096 mm

(262940)

4 096

Outer Disk Test Zone

start 58,139 mm

(263940)

16 384

Guard Zone 3

start 58,310 mm end ≥ 58,500 mm

(267940)

blank

Inner Drive Area The Inner Drive Area is the innermost zone of the disk which is used by the drive for performing disk tests and OPC algorithms. It shall consist of the parts shown in Figure 23. The Physical Sector Number of the first and last Physical Sector of each part is indicated in Figure 23 in hexadecimal and decimal notation and the number of Physical Sectors in each part is indicated in decimal notation. Unused ECC Blocks in the Inner Drive Area shall be left unrecorded (also at finalization of the disk).

- 53 -

Initial Zone Physical Sector 143 488

Inner Disk Test Zone 16 384 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 159 871 Physical Sector 159 872

Count Zone Run-in 1 024 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 160 895 Physical Sector 160 896 Physical Sector 164 991 Physical Sector 164 992 Physical Sector 169 087 Physical Sector 169 088

Inner Disk Count Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors Inner Disk Administration Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 173 183

Table of Contents Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector (023080) Physical Sector (02707F) Physical Sector (027080) Physical Sector (02747F) Physical Sector (027480) Physical Sector (02847F) Physical Sector (028480) Physical Sector (02947F) Physical Sector (029480) Physical Sector (02A47F)

Lead-in Zone Figure 23 — Inner Drive Area

17.1

Initial Zone This Zone shall remain blank.

17.2

Inner Disk Test Zone 16 384 Physical Sectors reserved for drive testing and OPC algorithms (see Annex I). The order in which these Physical Sectors shall be used is from the outer side of the disk towards the inner side of the disk, so from the highest address towards the lowest address.

17.3

Count Zone Run-in This area with the size of 1 024 Physical Sectors is meant as a Run-in area for the Inner Disk Count Zone and shall be left unrecorded.

17.4

Inner Disk Count Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors reserved for counting the number of OPC algorithms performed in the Inner Disk Test Zone (see Annex I). Whenever an ECC Block or part of it in the Inner Disk Test Zone has been recorded, the ECC Block shall be flagged by recording 4 Physical Sectors in the Inner Disk Count Zone. These 4 Physical Sectors shall be formatted according to the rules specified in 13.1 and the underlying subclauses, 13.2, 13.4, 13.5 and 13.6, whereby the Main Data bytes and the PI and PO bytes (see 13.3) can be chosen freely. The relation between the first Physical Sector number PSN IDT of the used ECC Block in the Inner Disk Test Zone and the Physical Sector numbers PSNIDC to PSN IDC +3 of the 4 Physical Sectors in the Inner Disk Count Zone is determined by the following mathematical expression: PSN IDC = {(PSN IDT) – (023080)}/(04) + (027480)

17.5

Inner Disk Administration Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors to be used for optional drive specific information. The first 16 physical sectors of this Zone shall be filled with all Main Data set to (00).

- 54 -

Table 9 — General format of Disk Administration ECC Blocks Physical Sector of each Adm. Block

Main Data BP

Description

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Reserved and set to (00)

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 63

Reserved and set to (00)

D 64 to D 2 047

Drive Specific

1 to 15

D 0 - D 2 047

Drive Specific

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 0 to D 3 – Content Descriptor

These bytes identify the Administration Block and shall be set to (41444D00), representing the characters “ADM” and the version number 0. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 4 to D 7 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 8 to D 39 – Drive ID

These bytes shall contain the drive ID as specified in 25.1, bytes D 8 to D 39. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 40 to D 63 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 64 to D 2 047 – Drive Specific

These bytes may be used to store Drive Specific information. The format is not defined and can be freely chosen by the drive manufacturer. Physical Sectors 1 to 15 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Drive Specific

These bytes may be used to store Drive Specific information. The format is not defined and can be freely chosen by the drive manufacturer.

17.6

Table of Contents (TOC) Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors to store information about the locations of Sessions and recordings on the disk. The first 16 physical sectors of this Zone shall be filled with all Main Data set to (00). This Zone consists of 2 parts:

17.6.1

−

part 1: consists of 191 ECC Blocks (TOC Blocks) to be used to store the locations of all Closed Sessions,

−

part 2: consists of 1 024 Physical Sectors, grouped in units of 4 sectors, where each unit corresponds to one ADIP word. These units shall be used as Recorded Area Indicators. Table of Contents Blocks Whenever a Session is closed, the next ECC Block in the Table of Contents Zone, immediately following the last TOC Block, shall be recorded with the locations of all Closed Sessions. The first ECC Block in the Table of Contents Zone has to be used as a run-in for the second ECC Block. If all 191 TOC Blocks have been used, no additional Sessions shall be added (see also 23.2 and 23.3).

- 55 -

The format of the TOC Blocks shall be as defined in Table 10: T a b l e 1 0 — F o r m a t o f th e T O C Bl o c k s Physical Sector of TOC block

Main Data byte position

Description

number of bytes

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Reserved and set to (00)

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 63

Reserved and set to (00)

D 64 to D 79

TOC Item 0

...

D 64+i ×16 to D 79+i ×16

TOC Item i

...

D 64+(N-1)×16 to D 79+(N-1)×16

TOC Item N-1

D 64+N×16 to D 2 047

Reserved and set to (00)

1 984 - N×16

1 to 3

D 0 to D 2 047

Extension for TOC Items or Reserved and set to (00)

3×2 048

4 to 7

D 0 to D 2 047

Repetition of Sectors 0 to 3 (recommended) or Reserved and set to (00)

4×2 048

8 to 11

D 0 to D 2 047

Repetition of Sectors 0 to 3 (recommended) or Reserved and set to (00)

4×2 048

12 to 15

D 0 to D 2 047

Repetition of Sectors 0 to 3 (recommended) or Reserved and set to (00)

4×2 048

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 0 to D 3 – Content Descriptor

These bytes identify the TOC Block and shall be set to (544F4300), representing the characters “TOC” and the version number 0. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 4 to D 7 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 8 to D 39 – Drive ID

These bytes shall contain the drive ID as specified in 25.1, bytes D 8 to D 39. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 40 to D 63 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 64 to D 2 047 – TOC Items

These bytes are grouped in units of 16 bytes each. Each unit of 16 bytes may contain a TOC Item according to the format defined in 17.6.1.1. All bytes not containing TOC Items shall be set to (00). Physical Sectors 1 to 3 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Extension for TOC Items or Reserved

These bytes may hold additional TOC Items. All bytes not containing TOC Items shall be set to (00). - 56 -

Physical Sectors 4 to 15 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Repetitions of Sectors 0 to 3 or all Reserved

For robustness reasons it is recommended to repeat the content of Sectors 0 to 3 in Sectors 4 to 7, in Sectors 8 to 11 and in Sectors 12 to 15. If this option is not used, these bytes shall be set to (00). It is a matter of drive implementation to recognize and make use of the repetitions. 17.6.1.1 TOC Items:

Item byte position B0 to B2

Description

number of bytes

TOC Item descriptor

Session Status

Session number

B5 to B7

Session start address

B8 to B10

Session end address

B11 to B12

Last Fragment number in Session

B13 to B15

Reserved and set to (00)

The TOC Block shall contain a TOC Item for each Closed Session on the disk. The TOC Items shall be ordered with increasing numbers and addresses. TOC Item bytes B 0 to B 2 – TOC Item descriptor These 3 bytes identify the item type and shall be set to (544349), representing the characters “TCI”. TOC Item byte B 3 – Session Status This byte shall indicate the Status of the last Session. It shall be set to (00) in all TOC Items, except in the TOC Item describing the last Session on the disk.

If set to (00) in the last TOC Item, adding a new Session to the disk is allowed. If set to (01) in the last TOC Item, the last Session shall be the final Session on the disk. The disk has been finalized and adding new Sessions is not allowed (see 23.3). TOC Item byte B 4 – Session number This byte shall specify the sequence number of the Session specified in this item. TOC Item bytes B 5 to B 7 – Session start address These 3 bytes shall specify the PSN of the first Physical Sector in the Data Zone of the Session specified in this item. TOC Item bytes B 8 to B 10 – Session end address These 3 bytes shall specify the PSN of the last Physical Sector in the Data Zone of the Session specified in this item. TOC Item bytes B 11 to B 12 – Last Fragment number in Session These 2 bytes specify the sequence number of the last Fragment in the Session specified in this item. If this option is not used, these bytes shall be set to (00). TOC Item bytes B 13 to B 15 – Reserved These 3 bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00).

- 57 -

17.6.2

Recorded Area Indicators (optional) To speed up the access of the disk, the recorder needs to know in which region of the disk the last written ECC Block can be found. For this purpose a kind of “bitmap” is defined, based on recorded areas with the size of 4 Physical Sectors, each area corresponding to one ADIP word. The 4 Physical Sectors shall be formatted according to the rules specified in 13.1 and the underlying subclauses, 13.2, 13.4, 13.5 and 13.6, whereby the Main Data bytes and the PI and PO bytes (see 13.3) can be chosen freely.

1 024 Physical Sectors have been reserved for this “bitmap” purpose, allowing to divide the disk into maximum 256 regions. The Recorded Area Indicators shall be used from the outer side of the TOC Zone towards the inner side of the TOC Zone (see Figure 24). By means of an “HF-detection” the recorder can find the locations of the Recorded Area Indicators and determine the regions which contain recorded ECC Blocks. Whenever the disk is ejected from a drive supporting this option, the Recorded Area Indicators shall reflect the actual status of the recordings on the disk. Recorded Area Indicators (identified by their PSNs) ←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ TOC Blocks

(02A080)-(02A083)

(02A084)-(02A087)

----

(02A300)-(02A303)

←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ Blank

(02A304)-(02A307)

----

(02A478)-(02A47B)

(02A47C)-(02A47F)

Guard Zone 1

←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ Recorded

Figure 24 — Use of Recorded Area Indicators

Each region of 640 ECC Blocks between PSN = (030000) and PSN = (26053F) corresponds to one Recorded Area Indicator. All regions that contain one or more recorded ECC Blocks shall be indicated by their Recorded Area Indicator. In mathematical form: if the Recorded Area Indicator composed of the Physical Sectors with PSN RAI to PSN RAI + 3 has been recorded, than the region between: PSN = (02A47C)-(PSN RAI)}×(A00)+(030000) and PSN = {(02A47C)-(PSN RAI)}×(A00)+(0327FF) contains recorded ECC Blocks, or in decimal notation: PSN = {173180-PSN RAI}×2560+196608 and PSN = {173180-PSN RAI}×2560+206847.

Lead-in Zone The Lead-in Zone is located at the inner side of the Information Zone. It shall consist of the parts shown in Figure 25. The Physical Sector Number of the first and last Physical Sector of each part is indicated in Figure 25 in hexadecimal and decimal notation and the number of Physical Sectors in each part is indicated in decimal notation. A maiden disk does not have any data recorded in the Lead-in Zone. After finalization of the disk or closing of the first Session, the Lead-in Zone shall be recorded according to 18.1 to 18.9.

18.1

Guard Zone 1 This Guard Zone is used to create a minimum amount of Lead-in Zone required for compatibility. This zone shall contain 14 848 Physical Sectors, all filled with Main Data set to (00).

18.2

Reserved Zone 1 4 096 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set to (00).

18.3

Reserved Zone 2 64 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set to (00). - 58 -

Inner Drive Area Physical Sector 173 184 Physical Sector 188 031 Physical Sector 188 032 Physical Sector 192 127 Physical Sector 192 128 Physical Sector 192 191 Physical Sector 192 192 Physical Sector 192 447 Physical Sector 192 448 Physical Sector 192 511 Physical Sector 192 512 Physical Sector 192 543 Physical Sector 192 544 Physical Sector 193 023 Physical Sector 193 024 Physical Sector 196 095 Physical Sector 196 096 Physical Sector 196 607

Guard Zone 1 14 848 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Reserved Zone 1 4 096 Physical Sectors Reserved Zone 2 64 Physical Sectors Inner Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors Reserved Zone 3 64 Physical Sectors Reference Code Zone 32 Physical Sectors Buffer Zone 1 480 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Control Data Zone 3 072 Physical Sectors Buffer Zone 2 512 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector (02A480) Physical Sector (02DE7F) Physical Sector (02DE80) Physical Sector (02EE7F) Physical Sector (02EE80) Physical Sector (02EEBF) Physical Sector (02EEC0) Physical Sector (02EFBF) Physical Sector (02EFC0) Physical Sector (02EFFF) Physical Sector (02F000) Physical Sector (02F01F) Physical Sector (02F020) Physical Sector (02F1FF) Physical Sector (02F200) Physical Sector (02FDFF) Physical Sector (02FE00) Physical Sector (02FFFF)

Data Zone Figure 25 — Lead-in Zone

18.4

Inner Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors reserved for information agreed upon by the data interchange parties. Each set of 16 Physical Sectors from one ECC Block is either a Disk Control Block (DCB) (see Clause 25) or recorded with all (00) Main Data. Each ECC Block in this Zone following one recorded with all (00) Main Data shall also be recorded with all (00) Main Data.

18.5

Reserved Zone 3 64 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set to (00).

18.6

Reference Code Zone The recorded Reference Code Zone shall consist of the 32 Physical Sectors from two ECC Blocks which generate a specific Channel bit pattern on the disk. This shall be achieved by setting to (AC) all 2 048 Main Data bytes of each corresponding Data Frame. Moreover, no scrambling shall be applied to these Data Frames, except to the first 160 Main Data bytes of the first Data Frame of each ECC Block.

18.7

Buffer Zone 1 This Zone shall consist of 480 Physical Sectors from 30 ECC Blocks. The Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone shall be set to all (00).

- 59 -

18.8

Control Data Zone This Zone shall consist of 3 072 Physical Sectors from 192 ECC Blocks. The content of the 16 Physical Sectors of each ECC Block is repeated 192 times. The structure of a Control Data Block shall be as shown in Figure 26. Physical format information 2 048 bytes Disk manufacturing information 2 048 bytes Content provider information 14 × 2 048 bytes Figure 26 — Structure of a Control Data Block

18.8.1

P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n This information shall comprise the 2 048 bytes shown in Table 11. It contains disk and format information.

Table 11 — Physical format information Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

Disk Category and Version Number

Disk size

Disk structure

Recording density

4 to 15

Data Zone allocation

General Flag bits

Disk Application Code

Extended Information indicators

19 to 26

Disk Manufacturer ID

27 to 29

Media Type ID

Product revision number

number of Physical format information bytes in use in ADIP up to byte 63

32 to 63

Basic write strategy parameters

64 to 95

Extended Information block 0

96 to 127

Extended Information block 1

128 to 159

Extended Information block 2

160 to 191

Extended Information block 3

192 to 223

Extended Information block 4

224 to 247

Extended Information block 5

248 to 251

Start of Session

252 to 255

End of Session

256 to 2 047

Reserved – All (00)

1792

- 60 -

The information in bytes 0 to 255 have the same definitions and shall have the same contents as the Physical format information in ADIP defined in Table 3 and 14.4.2, except the following bytes: Byte 1 – Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b 4

same as 14.4.2

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the maximum read transfer rate. These bits may be set to one of the following values (depending on the maximum read-out speed needed by the application): 0000: specify a maximum transfer rate of 2,52 Mbits/s (See note at 30.3) 0001: specify a maximum transfer rate of 5,04 Mbits/s (See note at 30.3) 0010: specify a maximum transfer rate of 10,08 Mbits/s 1111: specify no maximum transfer rate is specified. All other combinations are reserved and shall not be used.

Bytes 4 to 15 – Data Zone allocation

Bytes 4 to 8

same as 14.4.2

Bytes 9 to 11

on a finalized Single Session disk (see 23.3): shall specify the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Data Zone, on a Multi-session disk (see Clause 22): shall be set to (26053F) to specify PSN 2 491 711 as the last possible Physical Sector on the disk for the storage of User Data (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

Bytes 12 to 15

same as 14.4.2

Byte 16 – General Flag bits

Bit b 7

same as 14.4.2

Bit b 6

same as 14.4.2

Bit b 5

shall specify if Buffer Zone 2 in the Lead-in Zone contains VCPS related information, shall be set to 0, indicating no VCPS related information is present in Buffer Zone 2, shall be set to 1, indicating Buffer Zone 2 contains VCPS related information as defined in the VCPS System Description (see Annex P).

Bits b 4 to b 0

same as 14.4.2

NOTE When closing the first Session, drives not designed to handle VCPS might set bit b5 = 0 even when Buffer Zone 2 contains VCPS related information (recorded before by some other drive).

Bytes 248 to 251 – Start of first Session

Byte 248

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 249 to 251 shall be set to (030000) to specify PSN 196 608 of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone of the first Session (see Clause 22). Bytes 252 to 255 – End of first Session

Byte 252

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 253 to 255 shall specify the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Data Zone of the first Session (see Clause 22). Bytes 256 to 2 047 – Reserved - All (00)

These remaining bytes have no relation to the ADIP information and shall be set to all (00). - 61 -

18.8.2

Disk manufacturing information This Ecma Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 2 048 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange.

18.8.3

C o n t e n t p r o vi d e r i n f o r m a t i o n These 28 672 bytes shall be set to all (00). Under no circumstance may data received from the host be recorded in this field. Circumvention : Recorders and recording drives shall be considered as circumvention devices when these are produced to record, or can easily be modified to record, in any manner, a user-defined number in this field.

18.9

Buffer Zone 2 This recorded Zone shall consist of 512 Physical Sectors from 32 ECC Blocks. During use of the disk VCPS related information may be recorded to these 32 ECC Blocks, according to the specifications given in the VCPS System Description (see Annex P). Such VCPS related information shall only be recorded when requested by the host/application. If no VCPS related information is copied to these locations then the Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone shall be set to all (00). Whenever Buffer Zone 2 has been recorded, also the first ECC Block of the Data Zone shall be recorded.

Data Zone 2 295 104 Physical Sectors for the storage of user data (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). The start radius of the Data Zone is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (00C000) and the maximum end radius is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (098150) (see 14.4.1.1, bit 2 to 23 and 13.7.1)

Lead-out Zone The Lead-out Zone is located at the outer side of the Information Zone. It shall consist of the parts specified in Figure 27. The Physical Sector Number of the first and the last Physical Sector of each part is indicated in Figure 27 in hexadecimal and decimal notation and the number of Physical Sectors in each part is indicated in decimal notation (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). Data Zone Physical Sector 2 491 712 max Physical Sector 2 492 479 max Physical Sector 2 492 480 max Physical Sector 2 492 735 max Physical Sector 2 492 736 max

Physical Sector 2 496 831

Buffer Zone 3 768 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Outer Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors Guard Zone 2 min 4 096 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) (remaining sectors are allowed to be unrecorded) Outer Drive Area Figure 27 — Lead-out Zone

- 62 -

Physical Sector (260540) max Physical Sector (26083F) max Physical Sector (260840) max Physical Sector (26093F) max Physical Sector (260940) max

Physical Sector (26193F)

20.1

Buffer Zone 3 This recorded Zone shall consist of 768 Physical Sectors. The last possible start location of Buffer Zone 3 is (260540) (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). The Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone shall be set to all (00).

20.2

Outer Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors reserved for information agreed upon by the data interchange parties. Each set of 16 Physical Sectors from one ECC Block is either a Disk Control Block (DCB) (see Clause 25) or recorded with all (00) Main Data. The contents of this Zone shall be equivalent to the contents of the last Inner Session Identification Zone (or to the contents of the Inner Disk Identification Zone in case of a Single-session disk).

20.3

Guard Zone 2 This Guard Zone is used as a protection for separating test writing zones from information zones containing user data. This zone shall contain a minimum of 4 096 Physical Sectors filled with Main Data set to (00). If the total storage capacity of the disk is not fully used, the Guard Zone 2 can be extended with Physical Sectors filled with Main Data set to (00) to fill up the gap up to a certain radius or up to the Outer Drive Area, or this gap can be left unrecorded. The choice for these options is left to the drive manufacturer.

Outer Drive Area The Outer Drive Area is the outermost zone of the disk which is used by the drive for performing disk tests and OPC algorithms. It shall consist of the parts shown in Figure 28. The Physical Sector Number of the first and last Physical Sector of each part is indicated in Figure 28 in hexadecimal and decimal notation and the number of Physical Sectors in each part are indicated in decimal notation (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). Lead-out Zone Physical Sector 2 496 832 Physical Sector 2 500 927 Physical Sector 2 500 928 Physical Sector 2 505 023 Physical Sector 2 505 024 Physical Sector 2 521 407 Physical Sector 2 521 408

Outer Disk Administration Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors Outer Disk Count Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors Outer Disk Test Zone 16 384 Physical Sectors Guard Zone 3 Blank

Physical Sector (261940) Physical Sector (26293F) Physical Sector (262940) Physical Sector (26393F) Physical Sector (263940) Physical Sector (26793F) Physical Sector (267940)

Figure 28 — Outer Drive Area

21.1

Outer Disk Administration Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors to be used for optional drive specific information. The first 16 physical sectors of this Zone shall be filled with all Main Data set to (00). This zone can be used in the same way as the Inner Disk Administration Zone (see 17.5).

- 63 -

21.2

Outer Disk Count Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors reserved for counting the number of OPC algorithms performed in the Outer Disk Test Zone (see Annex I). Whenever an ECC Block or part of it in the Outer Disk Test Zone has been recorded, the ECC Block shall be flagged by recording 4 Physical Sectors in the Outer Disk Count Zone. These 4 Physical Sectors shall be formatted according to the rules specified in 13.1 and the underlying subclauses, 13.2, 13.4, 13.5 and 13.6, whereby the Main Data bytes and the PI and PO bytes (see 13.3) can be chosen freely. The relation between the first Physical Sector number PSNODT of the used ECC Block in the Outer Disk Test Zone and the Physical Sector numbers PSNODC to PSN ODC +3 of the 4 Physical Sectors in the Outer Disk Count Zone is determined by the following mathematical expression (for 80 mm disk see Annex A): PSN ODC = {(PSN ODT) – (263940)}/(04) + (262940)

21.3

Outer Disk Test Zone 16 384 Physical Sectors reserved for drive testing and OPC algorithms (see Annex I). The order in which these Physical Sectors shall be used is from the outer side of the disk towards the inner side of the disk, so from the highest address towards the lowest address.

21.4

Guard Zone 3 This Zone shall remain blank.

Multi-session Layout To enable data retrieval by Read-Only devices, the disk should have a Lead-in Zone, no blank areas in the Data Zone, and some form of Lead-out Zone. However one also wants to have the ability to append additional data to a partially recorded disk. For this purpose the following Multi-session concept is specified. On a Multi-session disk there can exist more than one session. A session with an Intro and a Closure is called a Closed Session. The first Session shall be preceded by a Lead-in Zone instead of an Intro Zone, the final Session shall be followed by a Lead-out Zone instead of a Closure Zone. Once a Lead-out Zone has been recorded, the disk is called “finalized” and no additional recordings to the disk shall be allowed. The general layout of a Multi-session disk is shown in Table 12.

- 64 -

Table 12 — Layout of the Information Zone of a Multi-session disk Session

Zone

Description

Inner Drive Area

...

Reserved Zone 2

Lead-in Session 1 Data Closure

Number of Physical Sectors

Inner Disk Identification Zone ...

See Clause 18

3 072

Buffer Zone 2

512

Data Zone

min 16

Buffer Zone C Outer Session Identification Zone

See 22.3

Inner Session Identification Zone Session Control Data Zone

Data Closure

768 256 64

See 22.1

Buffer Zone B

Session 2

...

Control Data Zone

Buffer Zone A Intro

256

256 640 64

Data Zone

min 16

Buffer Zone C Outer Session Identification Zone

See 22.3

768 256

•

...

•

...

Session N

Intro

...

Data

Data Zone

See 22.1

min 16

Buffer Zone 3

(N ≤ 191) Lead-out

...

Outer Disk Identification Zone ...

Outer Drive Area --

See Clause 20

768 256 ... --

A session with a partially recorded Lead-in or Intro Zone and no Lead-out or Closure Zone is called an Open Session. All sessions must be Closed Sessions, except for the last one, which is allowed to be an Open Session. User Data can only be appended to an Open Session. If all session are closed, a new Open Session has to be created first (see 23.1). The first Closed Session on the disk shall have a Lead-in that complies with Clause 18. Subsequent Closed Sessions shall have a Intro as defined in 22.1. Every Closed Session shall have a Closure as defined in 22.3, except for the Final Session, which shall have a Lead-out as defined in Clause 20.

22.1

Intro Each new Session that occurs after the first Session, shall start with an Intro Zone consisting of a Buffer Zone A, an Inner Session Identification Zone, a Session Control Data Zone and a Buffer Zone B. - 65 -

All Physical Sectors in the Intro Zone shall have bits b27 to b 26 of the Data Frame set to ZERO ZERO, identifying the Intro Zone as if it was a Data Zone (see 13.1.1). 22.1.1

Buffer Zone A 64 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set to (00).

22.1.2

Inner Session Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors reserved to store information about the Sessions. Each set of 16 Physical Sectors from one ECC Block is either a Disk Control Block (DCB) (see Clause 25) or recorded with all (00) Main Data. Each ECC Block in this Zone following one recorded with all (00) Main Data shall also be recorded with all (00) Main Data.

22.1.3

Session Control Data Zone This Zone shall consist of 640 Physical Sectors from 40 ECC Blocks. The content of the 16 Physical Sectors of each ECC Block is repeated 40 times. The structure of a Control Data Block shall be as shown in Figure 26.

22.1.4

Buffer Zone B 64 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set to (00).

22.2

Data Zone Each Data Zone shall consist of a multiple of 16 Physical Sectors, with a minimum of 16. The first Data Zone shall start at PSN (030000). If needed (e.g. for filling up the last ECC Block or for facilitating compatibility with certain Read-Only drives that require the disk to be recorded up till a certain radius) a Data Zone can be padded with Data Frames containing all (00) Main Data.

22.3

Closure Each Session shall end with a Closure Zone consisting of two parts; a Buffer Zone C and an Outer Session Identification Zone. All Physical Sectors in the Closure Zone shall have bits b27 to b 26 of the Data Frame set to ZERO ZERO, identifying the Closure Zone as if it was a Data Zone (see 13.1.1).

22.3.1

Buffer Zone C 768 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set to (00).

22.3.2

Outer Session Identification Zone Each set of 16 Physical Sectors from one ECC Block is either a Disk Control Block (DCB) (see Clause 25) or recorded with all (00) Main Data. The contents of this Zone shall be equivalent to the contents of the Inner Identification Zone of the same Session.

Sequential recording in Fragments +R disks according to this document in principle have to be recorded sequentially. To facilitate the recording of specific data at some pre-determined location on the disk at a later moment in time (such as for instance File System information), a Session can be divided into a number of Fragments. Inside such a Fragment the User Data shall be recorded sequentially from the inner side of the disk towards the outer side of the disk.

23.1

Opening a Session New data can be added to the disk by appending to an Open Session. If there is no Open Session, a new Session has to be opened (see Table 13). A new Session is opened by recording Buffer Zone A plus an SDCB (Session Disk Control Block: see 25.2) in the first ECC Block of the Inner Session Identification Zone (or by recording Reserved Zone 2 plus an SDCB in the first ECC Block of the Inner Disk Identification Zone in case of the first Session on a blank disk). Once the first ECC Block of the Data Zone is recorded, also Buffer Zone B of the Intro (or Buffer Zone 2 of the Lead-in Zone in case of the first Session) shall be recorded. - 66 -

Table 13 — Details of opened Session n (example) Data Session n-1

Closure

Intro

Session n Data

Data Zone

User Data

Buffer Zone C

48 ECC Blocks with (00)

Outer Session Identification Zone

16 ECC Blocks with DCBs and/or (00)

Buffer Zone A

4 ECC Blocks with (00)

Inner Session Identification Zone

1 ECC Block with an SDCB

Session Control Data Zone

blank

Buffer Zone B

4 ECC Blocks with (00)

Data Zone

Reserved Fragment (optional)

blank

1 ECC Block for Run-in Incomplete Fragment with User Data blank 23.1.1

Incomplete Fragment When no Reserved Fragments (see 23.1.2) are created, all the remaining area of the Data Zone following Buffer Zone B is called the Incomplete Fragment. In the presence of Reserved Fragments, all the remaining area of the Data Zone following the last Reserved Fragment is called the Incomplete Fragment.

Until the Incomplete Fragment is closed (see 23.1.4), there shall be no Fragment item (see 25.2.1) for the Incomplete Fragment in any SDCB. 23.1.2

R e s e r ve d F r a g m e n t s To allow for later on adding data, preceding already recorded User Data (such as for instance File System information), it is possible to create so-called Reserved Fragments. All Reserved Fragments in the Open Session shall be contiguous and non-overlapping, while the first Fragment shall start immediately after the end of Buffer Zone B.

Between any 2 Fragments there shall be 1 ECC Block for Run-in purposes. This ECC Block does not belong to any of the Fragments, and shall be recorded after the end of Reserved Fragment i at the same time the first ECC Block of Fragment (i+1) is recorded (see Figure 29). 2 3 . 1 . 2 . 1 A d d i n g a R e s e r ve d F r a g m e n t If a new Reserved Fragment is defined, this Fragment shall start from the beginning of the Incomplete Fragment and at least include all data that have already been written to the Incomplete Fragment. The newly defined Reserved Fragment shall be Fragment n+1, where n is the number of the previously last (Reserved) Fragment. A new SDCB shall be recorded in the Identification Zone of the Session including a new Fragment item indicating the start and end addresses of the added Reserved Fragment (see 25.2.1).

Reserved Fragments can only be added as long as the number of free locations for SDCBs in the Inner Identification Zone of the current Session is larger than one. The last free location for an SDCB has to be preserved for closing the Session. The area following the newly defined Reserved Fragment is designated to be the new Incomplete Fragment (n+2).

- 67 -

Session K-1 Fragm. n-1 Closure

Session K Intro

Res.Fragm. n

open session K with 1 Reserved Fragment

Inc.Fragm. (n+1)

Run-in Session K-1 Fragm. n-1 Closure

Session K Intro

Res.Fragm. n

Res.Fragm. n+1

Run-in Session K-1 Fragm. n-1 Closure

Inc.Fragm. (n+2)

Run-in

closing Session K

Session K Intro

Fragm. n

open session K with Reserved Fragment added after writing in Incomplete Fragment (n+1)

Session K+1 Fragm. n+1

Run-in

Fragm. n+2

Closure

Intro

Run-in

Figure 29 — Creating Reserved Fragments

23.1.3

Recording User Data in Fragments User Data added to the Data Zone shall be linked immediately to previously written User Data in the Incomplete Fragment or to previously written data in one of the Reserved Fragments.

23.1.4

Closing a Fragment When a Reserved Fragment is closed, all blank areas in the Fragment shall be recorded with dummy data.

When the Incomplete Fragment is closed, a new SDCB shall be recorded in the Identification Zone of the Session including a new Fragment item indicating the start and end addresses of the (formerly) Incomplete Fragment (see 25.2). This formerly Incomplete Fragment shall not have unrecorded areas. The area after the formerly Incomplete Fragment can be designated as the new Incomplete Fragment is case more User Data has to be added. For consistency reasons a Run-in Block shall be taken into account between the new Incomplete Fragment and the formerly Incomplete Fragment.

23.2

Closing a Session To enable data retrieval from a Session by Read-Only devices, this Session and all preceding ones should be closed. A Session is closed by recording all blank areas in all Fragments with dummy data and recording all remaining parts in the Lead-in or Intro Zone and adding the Closure Zone. When a Session is closed, the Incomplete Fragment is closed and shall be designated as Fragment m+1, where m is the number of the last (Reserved) Fragment preceding the Incomplete Fragment (see Figure 29). The numbering of the Fragments shall be continuous over all Sessions (see Figure 29). When the Session to be closed is the 191 st Session, then the disk shall be finalized, instead of closing the Session (see 23.3). Also when the remaining free space on the disk after closing the Session will become less than 128 ECC Blocks (2 048 Physical Sectors), the disk shall be finalized, instead of closing the Session (see 23.3.).

- 68 -

23.2.1

Lead-in/Intro Zone The SDCB shall be updated, including the Incomplete Fragment as the last Fragment (n+2 in the example of Figure 29). In case multiple SDCBs have been recorded, the last written SDCB is the valid one.

In the Lead-in Zone the Control Data Zone shall be according to 18.8. In each Intro the Session Control Data Zone shall be recorded with 40 ECC Blocks according to the format specified in 18.8 with the following settings: Physical Format Information: Bytes 0 to 247 – same as in 18.8.1

These bytes contain a copy of the Physical format information. Bytes 248 to 251 – Start of current Session

Byte 248

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 249 to 251

shall specify the Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone of the current Session (see Clause 22).

Bytes 252 to 255 – End of current Session

Byte 252

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 253 to 255

shall specify the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Data Zone of the current Session (see Clause 22).

Bytes 256 to 2 047 – Reserved - All (00)

These remaining bytes have no relation to the ADIP information and shall be set to all (00). Disk manufacturing information: see 18.8.2. Content provider information: see 18.8.3. 23.2.2

23.3

Closure Zone At closing a Session, Buffer Zone C shall be recorded together with the Outer Session Identification Zone.

Finalizing the disk When the disk is being finalized, a Lead-out Zone according to Clause 20 shall be recorded instead of a Closure Zone. After finalizing the disk, adding data is no longer possible. The Session Status in the TOC Item describing the last Session shall be set accordingly (see 17.6.1.1: TOC Item, byte B3).

Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs) Logical Sector Numbers (LSN) shall be assigned contiguously increasing by one from LSN 0, starting from the first PSN of the first Data Zone to the end of the last Data Zone. The relation between LSN and PSN shall be: LSN = PSN – (030000).

Disk Control Blocks Disk Control ECC Blocks are provided as a structure on the disk to include additional information for interchange between the data interchange parties. DCBs are recorded in the Inner and Outer Identification Zones of the disk and the Sessions. All DCBs shall have the same format for the first 40 data bytes. A special DCB is defined to reflect the status of the Session(s).

25.1

General format of Disk Control Blocks The Main Data of each Disk Control Block shall be according to Table 14. - 69 -

If a Disk Control Block has to be updated, a substitute DCB shall be written immediately following the last written DCB in the Inner Disk/Session Identification Zone. If more than one DCB with the same Content Descriptor are present, then the one with the highest address is the only valid one of that type. Once a Session has been closed, the DCBs of that Session can no longer be updated. Table 14 — General format of each Disk Control Block Physical Sector of each DCB

Main Data BP

Description

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 2 047

Content Descriptor Specific

1 to 15

D 0 - D 2 047

Content Descriptor Specific

Bytes D 0 to D 3 – Content Descriptor

If set to (00000000) the DCB is unused. The Content Descriptor of all subsequent DCBs in this Inner or Outer Identification Zone shall be set to (00000000). All remaining bytes, D 4 to D 2 047 of Physical Sector 0 and D 0 to D 2 047 of Physical Sector 1 to 15 in Table 14 shall be set to (00). If set to (53444300) this DCB shall be as defined in 25.2. All other values for the Content Descriptor are reserved. Each new DCB added to the Inner or the Outer Identification Zone shall be written at the first available unwritten DCB location. Each prevailing DCB with a Content Descriptor not set to (00000000) in the Inner Identification Zone of a Session shall have an identical DCB in the Outer Identification Zone of the respective Session (DCBs that have been substituted need not to be present in the Outer Identification Zone). Bytes D 4 to D 7 – Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

These bits are provided to specify required actions when the content and use of the DCB are unknown to the drive (i.e. the content descriptor is not set to a known assigned value). These bytes form a field consisting of 32 individual bits. Bits b 31 to b 4 Reserved, these bits shall be set to all ZERO. Bit b 3

DCB rewrite, if set to ONE, substituting the current DCB shall not be allowed, else it shall be set to ZERO.

Bit b 2

Formatting, shall be set to ONE, indicating that reformatting of the disk is not possible.

Bit b 1

DCB read protect, if set to ONE, the information in this DCB is meant for use by the drive only and shall not be transferred outside the drive, else it shall be set ZERO.

- 70 -

Bit b 0

Data Zone write, if set to ONE, recording shall not be allowed in the Data Zone, else it shall be set to ZERO.

Bytes D 8 to D 39 Drive ID

Bytes D 8 to D 39 shall contain a unique descriptor, identifying the drive that has written the DCB. The format of this unique drive identifier shall be as follows: − Bytes D 8 to D 23 shall identify the manufacturer of the drive. This name shall be represented by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). − Bytes D 24 to D 35 shall identify the model name/type number of the drive. This model name/type number shall be represented by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). − Bytes D 36 to D 39 shall contain a unique serial number of the drive. The 4 bytes shall form one 32-bit binary number. Bytes D 40 to D 2 047 - Content Descriptor Specific

Bytes specified by the format description for the DCB with the actual Content Descriptor value. Physical Sectors 1 to 15: Bytes D 0 to D 2 047 - Content Descriptor Specific

Bytes specified by the format description for the DCB with the actual Content Descriptor value.

25.2

Format of the Session DCB (SDCB) The Lead-in or Intro Zone of an Open Session shall contain an SDCB describing the structure of the Open Session and the location of all previous Sessions. When the Session is closed, the SDCB in the Inner Identification Zone shall be updated and a copy shall be written to the Outer Identification Zone. The SDCB’s shall have the content as defined in Table 15.

- 71 -

Table 15 — Format of the SDCB Physical Sector of ECC block

Main Data byte position

Description

number of bytes

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 41

Session number

D 42 to D 63

Reserved and set to (00)

D 64 to D 95

Disk ID (in Lead-in Zone only)

D 96 to D 127

Application Dependent

D 128 to D 143

Session Item 0

...

D 128+i ×16 to D 143+i ×16

Session Item i

...

D 128+(N-1)×16 to D 143+(N-1)×16

Session Item N-1

D 128+N×16 to D 2 047

Reserved and set to (00)

1 920 - N×16

1 to 3

D 0 to D 2 047

Extension for Session Items or Reserved and set to (00)

3×2 048

4 to 7

D 0 to D 2 047

Repetition of Sectors 0 to 3 (recommended) or Reserved and set to (00)

4×2 048

8 to 11

D 0 to D 2 047

Repetition of Sectors 0 to 3 (recommended) or Reserved and set to (00)

4×2 048

12 to 15

D 0 to D 2 047

Repetition of Sectors 0 to 3 (recommended) or Reserved and set to (00)

4×2 048

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 0 to D 3 – Content Descriptor

These bytes identify the Session DCB and shall be set to (53444300), representing the characters “SDC” and the version number 0. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 4 to D 7 – Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

Shall be set to (0000000D) indicating that if this DCB is not known to the system, the DCB shall not be substituted, the disk can not be reformatted, writing to the Data Zone shall not be allowed, while transferring the DCB information from the drive to the host computer is allowed. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 8 to D 39 – Drive ID

These bytes shall contain the drive ID as specified in 25.1, bytes D 8 to D 39.

- 72 -

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 40 to D 41 – Session number

These bytes shall specify the sequence number of the Session to which the SDCB belongs. The first Session shall have sequence number 1 and each subsequent Session number shall be incremented by one. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 42 to D 63 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 64 to D 95 – Disk ID

In the SDCB in the Inner Disk Identification Zone in the Lead-in Zone of the disk, these 32 bytes shall be recorded with a random, statistically unique, 256-bit binary number at initialization of the disk (opening of the first Session). In the SDCB in the Inner Session Identification Zone in the Intro of each next Session, bytes D 64 to D 95 shall be set to all (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 96 to D 127 – Application dependent

This field shall consist of 32 bytes and is reserved for use by the application to store information such as specific copy protection data. If this setting is not specified by the application, the bytes shall be set to (00). In each Session these bytes may be set independently. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 128 to D 2 047 – Session Items

These bytes are grouped in units of 16 bytes each. Each unit of 16 bytes may contain one of two different types of Session Items: − type 1: specifies the Fragments in the current Session, − type 2: specifies the start and end addresses of all previous Sessions. All Session Items shall be ordered in the SDCB according to their type number (first type 1, then type 2). All bytes not containing Session Items shall be set to (00). Physical Sectors 1 to 3 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Extension for Session Items or Reserved

These bytes may hold additional Session Items. All bytes not containing Session Items shall be set to (00). Physical Sectors 4 to 15 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Repetitions of Sectors 0 to 3 or all Reserved

Item byte position

Description

number of bytes

B0 to B2

Fragment item descriptor

B3 to B4

Fragment number

B5 to B7

Fragment start address

B8 to B10

Fragment end address

B11 to B15

Reserved and set to (00)

- 73 -

An SDCB shall contain a Fragment item for each Reserved Fragment in the Session. If there are no Reserved Fragments, there shall be no Fragment items. If a new Reserved Fragment has to be added to an Open Session, a new SDCB, including the Fragment items needed to reflect the new situation, is written in the Inner Identification Zone of the current Session, immediately following the last SDCB. Reserved Fragments in a Session shall not be overlapping. When closing a Session, a new SDCB, including a Fragment item for the Incomplete Fragment, is written in the Inner Identification Zone of the current Session, immediately following the last SDCB. The Fragment items shall be ordered with increasing numbers and addresses. The last written SDCB in the Inner Identification Zone is the valid SDCB. Fragment item bytes B 0 to B 2 – Fragment item descriptor

These 3 bytes identify the item type and shall be set to (465247), representing the characters “FRG”. Fragment item bytes B 3 to B 4 – Fragment number

These 2 bytes shall specify the sequence number of the Fragment. The numbers of the Fragments shall be contiguous over all Sessions and increment by one for each subsequent Fragment. The first Fragment in the first Session shall have sequence number 1 and the first Fragment in each next Session shall have a sequence number that is one higher than the number of the last Fragment in the preceding Session. Fragment item bytes B 5 to B 7 – Fragment start address

These 3 bytes shall specify the PSN of the first Physical Sector belonging to the Fragment specified in this item. Fragment item bytes B 8 to B 10 – Fragment end address

These 3 bytes shall specify the PSN of the last Physical Sector belonging to the Fragment specified in this item. Fragment item bytes B 11 to B 15 – Reserved

These 5 bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). 2 5 . 2 . 1 . 2 t yp e 2 : P r e vi o u s S e s s i o n i t e m

Item byte position

Description

number of bytes

B0 to B2

Previous Session item descriptor

Reserved and set to (00)

Previous Session number

B5 to B7

Previous Session start address

B8 to B10

Previous Session end address

B11 to B15

Reserved and set to (00)

An SDCB shall contain a Previous Session item for each Session preceding the current Session. The SDCB of the first Session shall not contain a Previous Session item. The Previous Session items shall be ordered with increasing addresses. Previous Session item bytes B 0 to B 2 – Previous Session item descriptor

These 3 bytes identify the item type and shall be set to (505253), representing the characters “PRS”.

- 74 -

Previous Session item byte B 3 – Reserved

This byte is reserved and shall be set to (00). Previous Session item byte B 4 – Previous Session number

This byte shall specify the sequence number of the Previous Session specified in this item. Previous Session item bytes B 5 to B 7 – Previous Session start address

These 3 bytes shall specify the PSN of the first Physical Sector in the Data Zone of the Previous Session specified in this item. Previous Session item bytes B 8 to B 10 – Previous Session end address

These 3 bytes shall specify the PSN of the last Physical Sector in the Data Zone of the Previous Session specified in this item. Previous Session item bytes B 11 to B 15 – Reserved

These 5 bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00).

- 75 -

Section 5 — Characteristics of the groove 26

General All recordings shall occur only in grooved areas. The groove centreline is deviated from the average track centreline with a phase modulated sine-wave. Physical addressing information can be decoded from this phase modulated wobble. The format of the groove information on the disk is defined in 14.4. Clause 28 specifies the requirements for the signals from grooves, as obtained when using the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9.

Method of testing

27.1

Environment All signals in Clause 28 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in the test environment conditions defined in 8.1.1.

27.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in Clause 28 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

27.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to i). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

27.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the read-out surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW.

27.2.3

Read channels The drive shall have two read channels. Read Channel 1 gives a signal (I1 + I2) related to the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens. Read Channel 2 gives a signal (I1 - I2) related to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. These channels can be implemented as given in Clause 9.

For measurement of the push-pull and track cross signals, the read channel signals shall be filtered by a 1 st order LPF with a f c (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. For measurement of the wobble signal, the read channel signals shall be filtered by a 1 st order Band Pass Filter with frequency range (-3 dB): 25 kHz, slope +20 dB/decade to 4,0 MHz, slope –20 dB/decade. 27.2.4

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the recording layer shall not exceed 0,20 μm;

the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed 0,022 μm.

- 76 -

27.3

Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photo detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector.

(I1+I2)max (I1+I2)pp

(I1+I2)min

0 level (I1-I2)pp

on land

radial position

on groove

Figure 30 — Signals from grooves in the Read Channels when crossing the tracks

Push-pull signal

The push-pull signal is the filtered sinusoidal difference signal (I1 - I2) in Read Channel 2, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. The signal can be used by the drive for radial tracking. Track cross signal

The track cross signal is the filtered sinusoidal sum signal (I1 + I2) in Read Channel 1, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. Wobble signal

The wobble signal IW is the filtered sinusoidal difference signal (I1 - I2) in Read Channel 2, while the drive meets the minimum tracking requirement.

- 77 -

28 28.1

Characteristics of the groove signals Phase depth The phase depth of the groove shall not exceed 90°.

28.2

Push-pull signal The peak-to-peak value of the push-pull signal PP shall meet the following requirements: a) before recording:

0,30 ≤

(I1 − I 2 )pp [(I1 + I 2 )max + (I1 + I 2 )min ] 2 ≤ 0,60

The maximum variation of the push-pull signal before recording shall be:

b) after recording:

0,40 ≤

PPmax − PPmin < 0,15 PPmax + PPmin

(I1 − I 2 )pp [(I1 + I 2 )max + (I1 + I 2 )min ] 2 ≤ 0,80

c) Ratio of push-pull signal of unrecorded groove to push-pull signal of recorded groove shall be PPbefore in the range of 0,60 ≤ ≤ 1,00 PP after

28.3

Track Cross signal The Track Cross signal for the unrecorded disk shall meet the following requirement: The (I1 + I2) min value shall be generated at the groove centre.

28.4

Normalized wobble signal The deviation from the track centreline shall be measured by the normalized wobble signal. The amount of distance that the centre of the wobble groove deviates from the average track centreline can be calculated according to Annex M. The wobble signal shall be measured in an empty track during the monotone wobble part, at locations where the amplitude is not enhanced due to the positive interference of the wobble from adjacent tracks. The normalized wobble signal shall be 0,15 ≤

I W,pp - min

(I1 − I 2 )pp

≤ 0,25

At locations where the amplitude of the wobble signal is enhanced due to the positive interference of the wobble from adjacent tracks, the maximum wobble signal shall be I W,pp - max I W,pp - min

28.5

≤ 2,6

Characteristics of the wobble The average Narrow band SNR of the wobble signal before recording shall be greater than 45 dB. The measurement shall be made using a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz. The average Narrow band SNR of the wobble signal after recording shall be greater than 38 dB. The measurement shall be made using a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz.

- 78 -

Section 6 — Characteristics of the recording layer 29

Method of testing The format of the information on the disk is defined in Clause 13. Clause 30 specifies the requirements for the signals from recorded marks, as obtained when using the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. This Clause 30 specifies the average quality of the recorded information. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause tracking errors or errors in the Data fields. These errors are covered by Clause 32 and Section 7.

29.1

Environment All signals in 30.2.2 to 30.2.6 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in the test environment conditions defined in 8.1.1.

29.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in 30.2.2 to 30.2.6 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

29.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to i). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

29.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the read-out surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW.

29.2.3

For measurement of the push-pull and track cross signals, the read channel signals shall be filtered by a 1st order LPF with a f c (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. The signal from Read channel 1 is not equalized except when measuring jitter. The threshold level for binarizing the read signal shall be controlled to minimize the effects of mark and space size changes due to parameter variations during writing. Jitter measurements shall be made using the Read Channel 1with the characteristics in Annex E. 29.2.4

Tracking During recording and during the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the recording layer shall not exceed 0,20 μm;

the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed 0,022 μm when running at the Reference velocity and shall not exceed 0,045 μm when running at a higher velocity. NOTE At high recording or playback velocities, advanced servo systems might be needed to achieve tracking errors below these maximum values.

29.2.5

S c a n n i n g ve l o c i t y All write tests are performed at the velocities of the disk defined in 14.4.2. The disk shall be tested at all Primary and Upper speeds with the related write strategy. All read tests are performed at the Reference velocity.

- 79 -

29.3

Write conditions Marks and spaces are written on the disk by pulsing a laser.

29.3.1

W r i t e p u l s e w a ve f o r m The laser power is modulated according to one of the write pulse waveforms given in Annex G.

A 3T to 14T mark is written by applying a multiple-pulse train of short write pulses or by applying a single write pulse. The recording power has two basic levels: the Write power (Pw) and the Bias power (Pb), which are the optical powers incident at the entrance surface of the disk and used for writing marks and spaces. In case of the single write pulse, a power enhancement dPw can be applied depending on the type and the length of the pulses; furthermore for optimum cooling of the recording layer after writing a mark, the power shall be switched to the lowest possible level (Pc) for some time immediately following the write pulse (see Annex G.2 and G.3). The value of the Pw power level shall be optimized according to Annex I. The actual Pw power level shall be within 5 % of its optimum value. 29.3.2

Write power The optimized recording powers, Pwo and Pbo shall meet the following conditions.

Ppeak = Pwo in case no power enhancement is applied and Ppeak = Pwo + dPwo (max applied for any mark) in case power enhancement is applied. for the basic write strategy defined in 14.4.2.2 (see also 12.3): Ppeak ≤ 15,0 mW for 650 nm ≤ λ ≤ λ IND Ppeak ≤ 19,0 mW for λ IND < λ ≤ 665 nm for the “4x+” write strategy defined in 14.4.2.3.1 (see also 12.3): Ppeak ≤ 19,0 mW for 650 nm ≤ λ ≤ λ IND Ppeak ≤ 22,0 mW for λ IND < λ ≤ 665 nm for the “6x+” write strategy defined in 14.4.2.3.2 for recording speeds up to and including 8x (see also 12.3): Ppeak ≤ 30,0 mW for 650 nm ≤ λ ≤ λ IND Ppeak ≤ 35,0 mW for λ IND < λ ≤ 665 nm for the “6x+” write strategy defined in 14.4.2.3.3 for recording speeds up to and including 16x (see also 12.3): Ppeak ≤ 45,0 mW for 650 nm ≤ λ ≤ λ IND Ppeak ≤ 53,0 mW for λ IND < λ ≤ 665 nm Pwo ≥ 6 mW at λ = λ IND Pbo = 0,7 ± 0,1 mW Pco ≤ 0,1 mW 29.3.3

W r i t e p o w e r d e p e n d e n c y o n w a ve l e n g t h The change of the optimum write power Pwo induced by a change of the laser wavelength (see Annex K) shall meet the following condition

0 ≤ (dPwo/d λ )/(PIND/λ IND) ≤ 25

(dPwo/d λ averaged over the wavelength range from 645 nm to 670 nm)

- 80 -

29.3.4

W r i t e p o w e r w in d o w To allow for some variations in the write power of practical drive implementations, the normalized write power windows (NWPW) shall have a minimum width. The normalized write power windows shall be determined in the following way:

− the jitter is measured as a function of the write power Pw at the inner diameter of the Data Zone and at the outer diameter of the Data Zone; in general those two curves will not coincide (see Figure 31), − the single write power window is defined as the power range (Pupper,n - Plower,n) where the jitter curve concerned is below 9 % (see Figure 31), the requirement for each normalized single write power window is: Pupper,n − Plower,n NWPW S = ≥ 0,12 (Pupper,n + Plower,n ) 2 − the net write power window is defined as the power range where both jitter curves are below 9 % (see example in Figure 31, where the net power window = P upper,1 - Plower,2), the requirement for the normalized net write power window is: Pupper,m − Plower,n NWPW N = ≥ 0,10 , (Pupper,m + Plower,n ) 2 in which P upper,m is the highest power at which both jitter curves are below 9 % and Plower,n is the lowest power at which both jitter curves are below 9 % − the above requirements shall be fulfilled at all defined recording velocities. jitter (%) 15

single power window 1

net power window

9 6

jitter(power) at outer diameter

jitter(power) at inner diameter single power window 2

write power Plower,1

Plower,2

Pupper,1 Pupper,2

Figure 31 — Example of the write power windows NOTE Above procedures are based on typical disks which show a monotonic shift of the power window as function of the radius. If this is not the case, power windows shall be measured at several radii and the net power window shall be defined as the power range where all jitter curves are below 9 %.

29.4

Measurement conditions The test for jitter shall be carried out on any group of five adjacent tracks, designated (m-2), (m-1), m, (m+1), (m+2), in the Information Zone of the disk. The jitter shall be measured on recordings made at all velocities specified in 14.4.2.2, byte 32 and 33 and in the Extended Information blocks defined under 14.4.2.3. For measurement of jitter, the system described in Annex E shall be used. The Jitter shall be measured according to the following procedure: Write random data on all five tracks as specified in 29.3.1. Read the data of track m under the conditions specified in 29.2. - 81 -

Characteristics of the recorded signals The following signals shall be measured, after recording with the write conditions as specified in 29.3.1.

30.1

Channel bit length The average Channel bit length over each RUN shall be 133,3 nm ± 1,4 nm

30.2

Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photo-diode detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector.

30.2.1

High frequency signals (HF) The HF signal is obtained by summing the currents of the four elements of the photo detector as generated in Read Channel 1. These currents are modulated by the effects of the marks and spaces representing the information on the recording layer.

I14

I 14H

I3 I 3H I

I 14L

0 Level 97-0002-A

Figure 32 — Signals from spaces and marks in Read channel 1

30.2.2

Modulated amplitude The modulated amplitude I14 is the peak-to-peak value of the HF signal generated by the largest mark and space lengths (see Figure 32). The peak value I14H shall be the peak value of the HF signal before a.c. coupling. The modulated amplitude I3 is the peak-to-peak value generated by the shortest mark and space lengths. The 0 Level is the signal level obtained from the measuring device when no disk is inserted. These parameters shall meet the following requirements under all conditions, also such as when recordings have been made at different speeds. I14

I14H

I14

≥ 0,60

≥ 0,15

Within one disk,

(I14H max − I14H min )

Within one revolution,

I14Hmax

(I14H max − I14H min )

≤ 0,25

I14Hmax

- 82 -

≤ 0,15

30.2.3

S i g n a l a s ym m e t r y The signal asymmetry shall meet the following requirement: ⎡ I14H + I14L I 3H + I 3L ⎤ − ⎢ ⎥ 2 2 − 0,05 ≤ ⎢ ⎥ ≤ +0,15 I14 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

30.2.4

N o r m a l i z e d S l i c i n g L e ve l j u m p Between any 2 consecutive ECC Blocks, the Normalized Slicing Level (NSL) jump shall be:

(I3H,2 + I3L,2 ) − (I3H,1 + I3L,1) ≤ 0,50 (I3H,2 − I3L,2 ) + (I3H,1 − I3L,1) where I3H,1 and I3L,1 are the I3 levels just before the linking position and I3H,2 and I3L,2 are the I3 levels just after the linking position. This requirement shall be fulfilled also when the 2 ECC Blocks have been recorded at different speeds. 30.2.5

Jitter

Jitter is the standard deviation σ of the time variations of the binary read signal. This binary read signal is created by a slicer, after feeding the HF signal from the HF read channel through an equalizer and LPF (see Annex E). The jitter of the leading and trailing edges is measured relative to the PLL clock and normalized by the Channel bit clock period. The jitter shall be measured at the Reference velocity using the circuit specified in Annex E. The jitter measurement shall be using the conditions specified in 29.4. The measured jitter shall not exceed 9,0 %. 30.2.6

Track Cross signal The Track Cross signal is the filtered sinusoidal sum signal (I1 + I2) in Read Channel 1 when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks (see 27.3). The Track Cross signal shall meet the following requirement:

(I1 + I2 )pp ≥ 0,13 (I1 + I 2 )max 30.3

Read stability When read with a read power of 0,8 mW at a temperature of 55 °C, all parameters specified in 30.2.2 to 30.2.6 shall be within their specified ranges after 1 000 000 repeated reads. NOTE Reading with the same read power at lower speeds than the reference speed might degrade the read stability.

- 83 -

Additional testing conditions Recorded +R disks compliant with this +R Ecma Standard shall also fulfil the following basic signal specifications when measured with the Pick Up Head according to the ECMA-267 Standard.

31.1

Test environment All conditions are the same as in 29.1 to 29.2.5 except for the following.

31.1.1

Optics The focused optical beam used for reading data shall have the following properties:

a) Wavelength ( λ )

650 nm ± 5 nm

b) Numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA) 0,60 ± 0,01 c) The objective lens shall be compensated for spherical aberrations caused by a parallel substrate with nominal thickness (0,6 mm) and nominal refractive index (1,55). 0,033 × λ rms max. 60 % to 70 % of the maximum intensity in the radial direction and over 90 % in the tangential direction. Circular

d) Wave front aberration e) Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

Polarization of the light

g) Read power 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW h) Relative Intensity Noise (RIN )* of laser diode -134 dB/Hz max. *RIN (dB/Hz) = 10 log [(a.c. light power density / Hz) / d.c. light power]

31.2

Definition of signals For the definition of the following signals see 30.2 and the underlying subclauses.

31.2.1

Modulated amplitude I14 ≥ 0,60 I14H I3

31.2.2

I14

≥ 0,15

Within one disk,

(I14H max − I14H min )

Within one disk,

(I14H max − I14H min )

I14Hmax I14Hmax

Within one revolution,

(I14H max − I14H min )

Within one revolution,

(I14H max − I14H min )

≤ 0,33 (with PBS) ≤ 0,20 (without PBS)

I14Hmax I14Hmax

≤ 0,15 (with PBS) ≤ 0,10 (without PBS)

S i g n a l a s ym m e t r y ⎡ I14H + I14L I 3H + I 3L ⎤ − ⎢ ⎥ 2 2 − 0,05 ≤ ⎢ ⎥ ≤ +0,15 I14 ⎢ ⎥ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥

31.2.3

Jitter The jitter shall be measured at the Reference velocity using the circuit specified in Annex E. The jitter measurement shall be using the conditions specified in 29.4. The measured jitter shall not exceed 9,0 %.

- 84 -

31.2.4

Track Cross signal

The Track Cross signal (see 27.3) shall meet the following requirement: 31.2.5

(I1 + I 2 )pp ≥ 0,10 (I1 + I2 )max

Differential phase tracking error signal The output currents of the four quadrants of the split photo detector shown in Figure 33 are identified by Ia, Ib, Ic , and Id.

The differential phase tracking error signal shall be derived from the phase differences between the sum of the currents of diagonal pairs of photo detector elements when the light beam crosses the tracks: {Phase (Ia+Ic ) – Phase (Ib+Id)}, see Figure 34 and Annex F. The phase difference signals shall be low-pass filtered with f c (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. This differential phase tracking error signal shall meet the following requirements (see Figure 34): Amplitude

At the positive 0 crossing Δt T shall be in the range 0,50 to 1,10 at 0,10 μm radial offset, where Δt is the average time difference derived from the phase differences between the sum of the currents of diagonal pairs of photo detector elements, and T is the Channel bit clock period.

Asymmetry (see Figure 34)

The asymmetry shall meet the following requirement:

T1 − T2 T1 + T2

≤ 0,20

where T1 is the positive peak value of Δt T and

T2 is the negative peak value of Δt T

Light beam

Tangential direction

97-0047-A

Figure 33 — Quadrant photo detector

T1 Δt T

0 Level

-Tp

Tp T2

Radial spot displacement Tp: Track pitch Figure 34 — Differential phase tracking error signal

- 85 -

31.2.6

Tangential push-pull signal This signal shall be derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (Ia+Id) - (Ib+Ic ). It shall meet the following requirements, see Figure 35: 0≤

[(I a + Id ) − (Ib + Ic )]pp I14

≤ 0,9 Marks

[(Ia + Id) - (Ib + Ic)]pp

Figure 35 — Tangential push-pull signal

Quality of the recording layer For the integrity of the data on the disk, the recording layer shall fulfil the following initial quality requirements.

32.1

Defects Defects are air bubbles and black spots. Their diameter shall meet the following requirements: − for air bubbles it shall not exceed 100 µm, − for black spots causing birefringence it shall not exceed 200 µm, − for black spots not causing birefringence it shall not exceed 300 µm. In addition, over a distance of 80 mm in scanning direction of tracks, the following requirements shall be met: − the total length of defects larger than 30 µm shall not exceed 300 µm, − there shall be at most 6 such defects.

32.2

Data errors A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong value, as compared to their original recorded value. A row of an ECC Block as defined in 13.3 that has at least 1 byte in error constitutes a PI error. If a row of an ECC Block as defined in 13.3 contains more than 5 erroneous bytes, the row is said to be “PI-uncorrectable”. The disk shall be recorded with arbitrary data in one single uninterrupted writing action from the start of the Lead-in Zone until the end of the Lead-out Zone (“Disk-At-Once” mode). During playback after the initial recording, the errors as detected by the error correction system shall meet the following requirements: − in any 8 consecutive ECC Blocks the total number of PI errors before correction shall not exceed 280, − in any ECC Block the number of PI-uncorrectable rows should not exceed 4. - 86 -

Section 7 — Characteristics of user data 33

Method of testing Clause 34 describes a series of measurements to test conformance of the user data on the disk with this Ecma Standard. It checks the legibility of the user-written data. The data is assumed to be arbitrary. The data may have been written by any drive in any operating environment (see 8.1.2). The read tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. Whereas Clause 29 disregards defects, Clause 34 includes them as an unavoidable deterioration of the read signals. The severity of a defect is determined by the correctability of the ensuing errors by the error detection and correction circuit in the read channel defined below. The requirements in Clause 34 define a minimum quality of the data, necessary for data interchange.

33.1

Environment All signals in 34.1 to 34.2 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that before testing, the entrance surface of the disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.

33.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in Clause 34 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests:

33.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties already defined in 9.2 a) to i). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

33.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW.

33.2.3

The signal from Read channel 1 is equalized and filtered before processing. The threshold level for binarizing the read signal shall be controlled to minimize the effects of mark and space size changes due to parameter variations during writing. For measurement of the disk quality as specified in Clause 34, the equalizer, filter and slicer, and the characteristics of the PLL shall be the same as specified in Annex E for the jitter measurement. 33.2.4

Error correction Correction of errors in the data bytes shall be carried out by an error detection and correction system based on the definition in 13.3.

33.2.5

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the recording layer shall not exceed 0,20 μm;

the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed 0,022 μm.

- 87 -

Minimum quality of a Recording Unit This Clause specifies the minimum quality of the data of a Recording Unit as required for data interchange. The quality shall be measured on the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9 and Annex E. A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong value, as detected by the ECC and/or EDC circuits.

34.1

Tracking The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.

34.2

User-written data The user-written data in a Recording Unit as read in Read channel 1 shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 13.3.

- 88 -

Annex A (normative)

80 mm +R disk The +R Format also allows an 80 mm disk with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. All mechanical, physical and optical characteristics shall be equal to those of the 120 mm disks specified in this document, except for the following items: see: 10.2

Overall dimensions

The disk shall have an overall diameter d 1 = 80,00 mm ± 0,30 mm. see: 10.7

Information Zone

The Information Zone shall extend from diameter d 6 to diameter d 7 = 77,5 mm min. This Zone consists of the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone, the Lead-out Zone and the Inner and Outer Drive Areas (see also Clause 15). see: 11.1

Mass

The mass of the disk shall be in the range of 6,0 g to 9,0 g. see: 11.2

Moment of inertia

The moment of inertia of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g⋅m2. see: 11.3

Dynamic imbalance

The dynamic imbalance of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 1,5 g⋅mm. see: 14.1

Track shape

The tracks shall be continuous in the Information Zone. The groove tracks shall start at a radius of 22,00 mm max. and end at a radius of 38,75 mm min. see: 14.4.1.1 ADIP word structure, bit 2 to 23 Physical ADIP Address (0379CC), which is the first address corresponding to the Lead-out Zone, shall be located at a radius ≤ 38,00 mm. see: 14.4.2.1 General information - Bytes 0 to 31 Byte 1 – Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b 4 shall specify the disk size, they shall be set to 0001, indicating a 80 mm disk. Bytes 4 to 15 – Data Zone allocation

Bytes 9 to 11 shall be set to (0DE72F) to specify PSN 911 151 as the last possible Physical Sector of the Data Zone. see:

Layout of the Information Zone of a Single-session disk

- 89 -

Table A.1 — Layout of a fully recorded Single-session disk (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) Description

Nominal radius in PSN of the first mm Physical Sector

Number of Physical Sectors

all the same as 120 mm disk Inner Drive Area

---

Lead-in

all the same as 120 mm disk

---

Data

Data Zone

start 24,000 mm

(030000)

714 544 max

Buffer Zone 3

start 38,000 mm (at full capacity)

(0DE730) max

768

Outer Disk Identification Zone

(0DEA30) max

256

Guard Zone 2

(0DEB30) max

4 096 min

start 38,082 mm

(0DFB30)

4 096

start 38,147 mm

(0E0B30)

4 096

start 38,212 mm

(0E1B30)

16 384

start 38,472 mm end ≥ 38,500 mm

(0E5B30)

blank

Lead-out

Outer Disk Administration Zone Outer Disk Count Zone Outer Drive Area Outer Disk Test Zone Guard Zone 3

see: 18.8.1

Physical format information

Bytes 4 to 15 – Data Zone allocation Bytes 9 to 11 on a finalized Single Session disk (see 23.3): shall specify the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Data Zone. on a Multi-session disk (see Clause 22): shall be set to (0DE72F) to specify PSN 911 151 as the last possible Physical Sector on the disk for the storage of User Data. see: 19

Data Zone

714 544 Physical Sectors for the storage of user data area. The start radius of the Data Zone is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (00C000) and the maximum end radius is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (0379CC) (see 14.4.1.1, bit 2 to 23 and 13.7.1).

- 90 -

see: 20

Lead-out Zone

Data Zone --Physical Sector 911 152

--Physical Sector (0DE730) Buffer Zone 3 768 Physical Sectors Physical Sector (0DEA2F) with Main Data set to (00) Physical Sector 911 919 Physical Sector 911 920 Outer Disk Identification Zone Physical Sector (0DEA30) 256 Physical Sectors Physical Sector (0DEB2F) Physical Sector 912 175 Physical Sector (0DEB30) Guard Zone 2 Physical Sector 912 176 min 4 096 Physical Sectors Physical Sector (0DFB2F) with Main Data set to (00) Physical Sector 916 271 Outer Drive Area Figure A.1 — Lead-out Zone

see: 20.1

Buffer Zone 3

The last possible start location of Buffer Zone 3 is (0DE730). see: 21

Outer Drive Area

Lead-out Zone Physical Sector 916 272 Physical Sector 920 367 Physical Sector 920 368 Physical Sector 924 463 Physical Sector 924 464

Outer Disk Administration Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors Outer Disk Count Zone 4 096 Physical Sectors Outer Disk Test Zone 16 384 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 940 847 Physical Sector 940 848

Guard Zone 3 Blank

Physical Sector (0DFB30) Physical Sector (0E0B2F) Physical Sector (0E0B30) Physical Sector (0E1B2F) Physical Sector (0E1B30) Physical Sector (0E5B2F) Physical Sector (0E5B30)

Figure A.2 — Outer Drive Area

see: 21.2

Outer Disk Count Zone

The relation between the first Physical Sector number PSN ODT of the used ECC Block in the Outer Disk Test Zone and the Physical Sector numbers PSNODC to PSN ODC +3 of the 4 Physical Sectors in the Outer Disk Count Zone is determined by the following mathematical expression: PSN ODC = {(PSN ODT) – (0E1B30)}/(04) + (0E0B30)

- 91 -

- 92 -

Annex B (normative)

Structure for Extended format information in the Data Zone The ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone may be used to store information needed to support specific applications, such as e.g. encryption/decryption keys needed for a copy-protection system. This Annex only specifies the general structure for such information.

B.1 Extended format information The Extended Format Information consists of a table of contents (EFI TOC) and up to 16 distinct regions that contain additional format information. The EFI TOC defines the location and contents of the regions contained in the Extended Format Information, see B.1.1. The EFI TOC shall be stored in the ADIP Aux Frames (see 14.4.1.1) in the Data Zone, starting at the ADIP word that has Physical ADIP Address (00C000). The regions of the Extended Format Information shall be located in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone and/or shall be present as pre-recorded areas in the main data channel. Each region contains one or more copies of a data block of a particular type, as indicated in the EFI TOC. Figure B.1 schematically shows an example lay-out, based on the VCPS copy-protection system, with the EFI TOC and the VCPS-defined regions that are contained in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone. The EFI TOC consists of 8 consecutive copies of an ETOC block, where each ETOC block contains the complete EFI TOC information (see B.1.1). The VCPS-defined hash region contains one or more copies of the DKB hash value, as specified in the EFI TOC. The VCPS-defined DKB region contains one or more copies of the DKB, as specified in the EFI TOC. Gaps may exist between any two regions. All bytes in the ADIP Aux Frames in the gaps shall be set to (00). 0x0C000

0x0C800

EFI TOC

gap

hash region

gap

DKB region N bytes

DKB

16 bytes

DKB

# of copies specified in EFI TOC

hash

ETOC

hash

# of copies specified in EFI TOC

256 bytes

ETOC

hash

ETOC

8 copies

Figure B.1 — Example lay-out of Extended format information in ADIP

B.1.1 EFI TOC The EFI TOC starts at the ADIP word that has Physical Address (00C000). The length of the EFI TOC is 8 ADIP Aux Frames, which is equivalent to 2048 consecutive ADIP words. As shown in Figure B.1, the EFI TOC consists of 8 consecutive copies of an ETOC block. The ETOC block consists of at most 16 Region Descriptors, as defined in Figure B.2. The combined size of all Region Descriptors contained in the ETOC block shall be no more than 256 bytes. Remaining bytes shall be set to all zeros, such that the size of the ETOC block is exactly 256 bytes.

- 93 -

Bit Byte 0 : : : : : : : : 255

Region Descriptor #1 Region Descriptor #2 : Region Descriptor #n (00) : (00) Figure B.2 — ETOC block

Region Descriptor #i: Region Descriptor #i contains information with respect to the i-th region of the Extended Format Information (1 ≤ i ≤ n ≤ 16). A Region Descriptor consists of a Basic Region Descriptor followed by zero or more Extended Region Descriptors. The format of a Basic Region Descriptor is defined in Figure B.3. The format of an Extended Region Descriptor is defined in Figure B.4.

Bit Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 : 9 10 11 12 : 15

(msb) Region Type Identifier (lsb) Extent (msb)

Version number Region Start Address

(lsb)

(msb) Data Block Size (lsb) Repeat Count Reserved

Private

(msb) Alternative Location (lsb) Figure B.3 — Basic Region Descriptor

Region Type Identifier: The type of the data block that is contained in the region. Data blocks stored in different regions having the same Region Type Identifier shall be identical. Extent: The Extent bit shall indicate if this Basic Region Descriptor is followed by an Extended Region Descriptor, as follows: 0: This Basic Region Descriptor is not followed by an Extended Region Descriptor. 1: This Basic Region Descriptor is followed by an Extended Region Descriptor. Version Number: The revision of the data block type that is contained in the region. Region Start Address: If the data block is stored in the ADIP Aux Frames, the Region Start Address is given as the Physical ADIP Address of the ADIP word that contains the first byte of the data block, divided by 256. The Region Start Address shall be greater than or equal to (00C8). If the data block is not stored in the ADIP Aux Frames, the Region Start Address shall be zero. In that case the Alternative Location shall be non-zero and specify the location of the data block in the main data channel. - 94 -

Data Block Size: The size in bytes of a single copy of the data block in the region. The Data Block Size shall be set to zero if the data block is not contained in the ADIP Aux Frames. Repeat Count: The number of consecutive copies of the data block that are contained in the region. If the data block is stored in the ADIP Aux Frames and the region extends through the end of the Disk, Repeat Count shall be set to 0. The Repeat Count shall be set to zero if the data block is not contained in the ADIP Aux Frames. Reserved: All reserved bits shall be set to ‘0’. Private: The Private bit shall indicate if a Drive is permitted to output the contents of the region, as follows: 0: A Drive is permitted to output the contents of the region. 1: A Drive is not permitted to output the contents of the region. Alternative Location: In addition to, or alternative to storage in the ADIP Aux Frames, the data block may be stored in a contiguous area of the main data channel. In that case, the Alternative Location specifies the first Physical Sector Number of the location in the main data channel that contains one or more copies of the data block. Otherwise, Alternative Location shall be set to zero. Note that the format of the data block as contained in the main data channel may be different from the format of the data block as contained in the ADIP Aux Frames.

Bit Byte 0 1 2 3 4 : 15

(msb) Region Type Identifier (lsb) Extent

Version number Reserved Figure B.4 — Extended Region Descriptor

Region Type Identifier: the Region Type Identifier shall be identical to the Region Type Identifier contained in the preceding Basic Region Descriptor. Extent: The Extent bit shall indicate if this Extended Region Descriptor is followed by another Extended Region Descriptor, as follows: 0: This Extended Region Descriptor is not followed by another Extended Region Descriptor. 1: This Extended Region Descriptor is followed by another Extended Region Descriptor. Version Number: the Version Number shall be identical to the Version Number contained in the preceding Basic Region Descriptor. Reserved: All reserved bytes shall be set to (00).

- 95 -

- 96 -

Annex C (normative)

Measurement of light reflectivity

C.1 Calibration method The reflectivity of a disk can be measured in several ways. The two most common methods are: − parallel method, − focused method. For use in players the focused method with the help of a reference disk with known reflectance is the most relevant and easiest one, while for the calibration of the reference disk the parallel method is easier. When measuring the reflectivity in the focused way, only the light returned by the reflective layer of the disk (Im ) will fall onto the photo detector. The reflected light coming from the front surface of the disk and the light coming from the parasitic reflections inside the disk will mainly fall outside the photo detector. Because in the parallel method only the “total” reflected power (I//) can be measured, a calculation is needed to determine the “main” reflectance from the reflective layer. A good reference disk shall be chosen, for instance 0,6 mm glass disk with a golden reflective mirror. This reference disk shall be measured by a parallel beam as shown in Figure C.1.

Iint I// Im Is

Figure C.1 — Reflectivity calibration

In this Figure the following applies: R = reflectance of the recording layer (including the double pass substrate transmittance) r s = reflectance of the entrance surface R ref = reflectance as measured by the focussed beam (is by definition = Im = reflectance as measured by the parallel beam (is by definition = I //

R // IB Is Im Iint I//

= = = = =

)

power of incident beam reflected power from entrance surface reflected power from recording layer reflected power from internal reflections between entrance surface and recording layer measured reflected power (Is + Im + Iint)

- 97 -

The reflectance of the entrance surface is defined by: 2

⎛ n − 1⎞ rs = ⎜ ⎟ , where n is the index of refraction of the substrate. ⎝ n + 1⎠

The main reflected power Im = I// - Is -Iint which leads to: ⎡ (1 − rs )2 × (R // − rs ) ⎤ Rref = ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ 1 − rs × (2 − R // ) ⎥⎦

The reference disk shall be measured on a reference drive. The total detector current (I1 + I2) obtained from the reference disk, and measured by the focused beam is equated to Im as determined above. Now the arrangement is calibrated and the focused reflectance is a linear function of the reflectivity of the recording layer and the double pass substrate transmission, independently from the reflectivity of the entrance surface.

C.2 Measuring method Reflectivity in the unrecorded Information Zone

A method of measuring the reflectance using the reference drive. (1) Measure the total detector current (I1 + I2) s from the reference disk with calibrated reflectance R ref. (2) Measure the total detector current (I1 + I2) g from a groove track in an area of the disk under investigation where the groove track and the two adjacent tracks on each side of the track to be measured have not been recorded. (3) Calculate the unrecorded disk reflectance R d as follows: (I1 + I2 )g Rd = ×R (I1 + I2 )s ref Reflectivity in the recorded Information Zone

A method of measuring the reflectance using the reference drive. (1) Measure the total detector current (I1 + I2) s from the reference disk with calibrated reflectance R ref. (2) Measure I14H from a recorded groove track in an area of the disk under investigation where at least the two adjacent tracks on each side of the track to be measured have been recorded. (3) Calculate the recorded disk reflectance R 14H as follows: I R14H = 14H × Rref (I1 + I 2 )s

- 98 -

Annex D (normative)

Measurement of birefringence

D.1 Principle of the measurement

In order to measure the birefringence, circularly polarized light in a parallel beam is used. The phase retardation is measured by observing the ellipticity of the reflected light.

b θ radial direction

Figure D.1 — Ellipse with ellipticity e = b/a and orientation θ

The orientation θ of the ellipse is determined by the orientation of the optical axis

θ = γ - π/4

(1)

where γ is the angle between the optical axis and the radial direction. The ellipticity, e = b/a, is a function of the phase retardation δ ⎡1 ⎛ π ⎞⎤ e = tan⎢ ⎜ − δ ⎟⎥ ⎠⎦ ⎣2 ⎝ 2

(2)

When the phase retardation δ is known the birefringence BR can be expressed as a fraction of the wavelength BR =

λ δ nm 2π

(3)

Thus, by observing the elliptically polarized light reflected from the disk, the birefringence can be measured and the orientation of the optical axis can be assessed as well.

D.2 Measurements conditions The measurement of the birefringence specified above shall be made under the following conditions.

- 99 -

Mode of measurement in reflection, double pass through the substrate. Wavelength λ of the laser light Beam diameter (FWHM)

640 nm ± 15 nm

Angle β of incidence in radial direction relative to the radial plane perpendicular to Reference Plane P Disk mounting Rotation Temperature and relative humidity

7,0 ° ± 0,2 °

1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

horizontally less than 1 Hz as specified in 8.1.1

D.3 Example of a measurement set-up Whilst this Ecma Standard does not prescribe a specific device for measuring birefringence, the device shown schematically in Figure D.2 as an example, is well suited for this measurement.

laser

photo detector collimator lens

polarizer rotating analyzer λ/4 plate β disc

Figure D.2 — Example of a device for the measurement of birefringence

Light from a laser source, collimated into a polarizer (extinction ratio ≈ 10 -5), is made circular by a λ/4 plate. The ellipticity of the reflected light is analyzed by a rotating analyzer and a photo detector. For every location on the disk, the minimum and the maximum values of the intensity are measured. The ellipticity can then be calculated as I e2 = min

(4)

Imax

Combining equations (2), (3), and (4) yields I λ λ BR = − arctan min 4 π Imax This device can be easily calibrated as follows

− Imin is set to 0 by measuring a polarizer or a λ/ 4 plate , − Imin = Imax when measuring a mirror Apart of the d.c. contribution of the front surface reflection, a.c. components may occur, due to the interference of the reflection(s) of the front surface with the reflection(s) from the recording layer. These a.c. reflectivity effects are significant only if the disk substrate has an extremely accurate flatness and if the light source has a high coherence.

- 100 -

Annex E (normative)

Measuring conditions for operation signals

E.1 System diagram for jitter measurement and characterization of user data The general system diagram shall be as shown in Figure E.1.

HF-signal pre-amp's AC-coupling 4-quadrant photo-detector

LPF

phase detector filter VCO PLL

slicer all data edges

clock signal

e.g. Time Interval Analyzer jitter analyzer

Figure E.1 — General diagram for jitter measurement

- 101 -

start/stop signal from revolution pulse

E.2 Open loop transfer function for PLL The open-loop transfer function for the PLL shall be as shown in Figure E.2. Gain (dB) -40 dB/decade

-20 dB/decade 75

0 dB 1,5

Frequency (kHz)

-40 dB/decade

Figure E.2 — Schematic representation of the open-loop transfer function for PLL

E.3 Slicer The slicer shall be a 1 st order, integrating feed-back auto-slicer with a -3 dB closed-loop bandwidth of 5 kHz.

E.4 Conditions for measurement The bandwidth of the pre-amplifier of the photo detector shall be greater than 20 MHz in order to prevent group-delay distortion. Equalizer:

3-tap transversal filter with transfer function H( z ) = 1,364 z -2 - 0,182 (1 + z -4)

Low-pass filter: 6th order Bessel filter, f c (-3 dB) = 8,2 MHz Filtering plus equalization:

− − −

Gain variation: Group delay variation: (Gain at 5,0 MHz - Gain at 0 Hz) :

1 dB max. (below 7 MHz) 1 ns max. (below 7 MHz) 3,2 dB ± 0,3 dB

a.c. coupling (high-pass filter) = 1st order, f c (-3 dB) = 1 kHz Correction of the angular deviation: only d.c. deviation shall be corrected.

- 102 -

Gain (dB) +6

Equalizer +3

Equalizer + Bessel filter 0

-3

Bessel filter

-6 0

Frequency (MHz)

Figure E.3 — Frequency characteristics for the equalizer and the low-pass filter

E.5 Measurement The jitter of all leading and trailing edges over one revolution shall be measured.

- 103 -

- 104 -

Annex F (normative)

Measurement of the differential phase tracking error

F.1 Measuring method for the differential phase tracking error The reference circuit for the measurement of the tracking error shall be that shown in Figure F.1. Each output of the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant photo detector shall be converted to binary signals independently after equalization of the wave form with the transfer function defined by: H(iω) = (1 + 1,6 × 10 -7 × iω) / (1 + 4,7 × 10 -8 × iω) The gain of the comparators shall be sufficient to reach full saturation on the outputs, even with minimum signal amplitudes. Phases of the binary pulse signal edges (signals B1 and B2) shall be compared to each other to produce a time-lead signal C1 and a time-lag signal C2. The phase comparator shall react to each individual edge with signal C1 or C2, depending on the sign of Δti . A tracking error signal shall be produced by smoothing the C1, C2 signals with low-pass filters and by subtracting by means of a unity gain differential amplifier. The low-pass filters shall be 1st order filters with a cut-off frequency (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. Special attention shall be given to the implementation of the circuit because very small time differences have to be measured (1 % of T equals only 0,38 ns). Careful averaging is needed. The average time difference between two signals from the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant detector shall be Δt =

1 ∑ Δt i N

where N is the number of edges, both rising and falling.

F.2 Measurement of Δt /T without time interval analyzer The relative time difference Δt /T is represented by the amplitude of the tracking error signal provided that the amplitudes of the C1 and C2 signals and the frequency component of the read-out

signals are normalized. The relation between the tracking error amplitude ΔTVE and the time difference is given by: ΔTVE =

∑ Δti Vpc = ∑ Δti Vpc = Δt × Vpc NnT T n ∑ Ti

where: Vpc is the amplitude of the C1 and C2 signals Ti is the actual length of the read-out signal in the range 3T to 14T n.T is the weighted average value of the actual lengths N.n.T is the total averaging time. The specification for the tracking gain can now be rewritten by using the tracking error amplitude as follows: 0,50 × ( Vpc ) ≤ ΔTVE ≤ 1,10 × ( Vpc ) , at 0,1 μm radial offset. n n

- 105 -

amp Ia

signal A1

signal B1 level comparator

equalizer H(iω )

Ib -7

H(iω) =

1+1.6×10 × iω -8 1+4.7×10 × iω

Ic amp

signal A2

signal C1 phase comparator

low pass filter 1st order -3 dB @ 30 kHz

signal C2

low pass filter

signal B2 level comparator

equalizer H(iω )

+ differential amp (1X) -

signal TVE ΔTVE

tracking error (0,1 μm) Δti = positive signal A1

Δti = negative

signal A2 signal B1

signal B2

signal C1

Vpc

signal C2

Figure F.1 — Circuit for tracking error measurements

- 106 -

F.3 Calibration of the circuit Assuming that Vpc equals ≈ 5 V and that the measured value of n equals ≈ 5, then the above relation between the tracking error amplitude ΔTVE and the time difference Δt can be simplified to: ΔTVE =

Δt Vpc Δt × ≈ T n T

The average runlength n of the 8-to-16 modulated signal is depending on the data content and the averaging time. Therefore the circuit shall be calibrated with a fixed frequency signal, corresponding to a modulated signal with 5T runlengths. For this purpose sinusoidal signals with a frequency of 2,616 MHz can be used. Typically the pulses of signals C1 and C2 will be generated by some digital gate circuit with an output signal switching between ground and the supply voltage. This voltage swing is assumed to be about 5 volts, however, depending on the applied technology, it may deviate from 5 volts significantly. Because the formal specification for the DPD signal is: 0,50 ≤

Δt ≤ 1,10 at 0,1 μm radial offset, T

the measurement by means of ΔTVE is influenced by the actual values of Vpc and n. Therefore the following calibration procedure shall be applied.

F.3.1 Saturation of comparators Make sure that the gain of the level comparators is such that for all actual input signal levels, the signals B1 and B2 are square wave signals. In this case the amplitude of the signal TVE is independent of the amplitude of the input signals. saturation area

TVE signal amplitude

0 0

Comparator input signal amplitude

Figure F.2 — Tracking error signal amplitude versus comparator input signal amplitude

- 107 -

F.3.2 Correction for n and Vpc Because of the above mentioned deviations of n and Vpc, and possibly some other circuit parameters, a correction factor K has to be determined, such that: Δt /T (real) = K × ΔTVE (measured). This can be achieved in the following way: a) Generate two sinusoidal signals A1 and A2 of frequency 2,616 MHz with a phase difference, and inject them into the two equalizer circuits. b) Measure the relation between Δt / T and ΔTVE , and determine K from Figure F.3: K=

Δt /T(injecte d) ΔTVE (measured)

ΔTVE

. Now the set-up is ready for use.

1.2 theoretical line for Vpc=5V and n=5

1.0 0.8 0.6

example of measured line

0.4 0.2 0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Δt / T

Figure F.3 — ΔTVE versus Δt /T

- 108 -

Annex G (normative)

The write pulse wave form for testing For different speed ranges, different write strategies can be used. This version of this document specifies 3 options: − a pulsed write strategy, where each single mark is created by a number of subsequent separated short pulses, − a blocked write strategy, where each single mark is created by one continuous pulse, − a “Castle” write strategy, where each single mark is created by one continuous pulse with a power emphasis at the beginning and at the end of the pulse.

G.1 Pulsed write strategy The write pulse waveform obtained from the NRZI data and the channel clock is shown in Figure G.1. It consists of N-2 pulses, where N is the length of the NRZI pulse expressed in channel clock cycles. The write pulse waveform for writing marks of length N = 3 consists of only the top pulse (T top). The write pulse waveform for writing marks of length N ≥ 4 consist of the top pulse (T top), N-4 multi-pulses (Tmp) and the last pulse (Tlp).

2TW

NRZI channel bits

Ttop

Tmp

dTtop

Tmp

Tlp

dTle

0 mW Figure G.1 — Write pulse waveform

The nominal pulse width times Tmp and Tlp shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 3 and in 14.4.2.2. The duration can be dependent on the writing speed: Tmp = m × 116 TW

with m = 4, 5, .. or 14

(0,25 T W ≤ Tmp ≤ 0,875 TW)

Tlp = n × 116 TW

with n = 4, 5, .. or 24

(0,25 T W ≤ Tlp ≤ 1,5 TW )

The laser power shall be switched to bias level between each pair of separated pulses for at least 2 16 TW . - 109 -

The nominal pulse width time Ttop, is dependent upon the length of the current mark (cm). It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 3 and in 14.4.2.2. The duration can also be dependent on the writing speed: Ttop (cm=3T) = i × 116 TW

with i = 4, 5, .. or 40

(0,25 T W ≤ Ttop ≤ 2,5 TW )

Ttop (cm≥4T) = j × 116 TW

with j = 4, 5, .. or 40

(0,25 T W ≤ Ttop ≤ 2,5 TW )

The nominal first pulse lead-time dT top relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the NRZI data pulse, is dependent upon the length of the current mark (cm). It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 3 and in 14.4.2.2. The value of dTtop can also be dependent on the writing speed: dTtop (cm=3T) = p × 116 TW

with p = 0, 1, .. or 24

(0,0 T W ≤ dTtop (cm=3T) ≤ 1,5 TW )

dTtop (cm≥4T) = q × 116 TW

with q = 0, 1, .. or 24

(0,0 T W ≤ dTtop (cm≥4T) ≤ 1,5 TW )

With the individual values for T top (cm=3T) and dTtop (cm=3T), the 3T mark can be enhanced and shifted for optimum resulting jitter. The widening of the 3T write pulse is: ΔT = {Ttop (cm=3T) − Ttop (cm≥4T)}, and the shift of the 3T write pulse is: δT = {dTtop (cm=3T) − dTtop (cm≥4T)}. In principle the shift δT and the widening ΔT of the 3T pulse can be chosen independently. However because of limitations in certain implementations, for this version of this document there is one exception: if a shift of the 3T pulse is needed, such a shift shall be combined with a widening resulting in a symmetrical change of the 3T write pulse. Or in mathematical terms: if δT ≠0, then ΔT shall be = 2 × δT (see Figure G.2). The position of the leading edge and hence the length of the first pulse may be corrected by dT le dependent upon the length of the previous space (ps). This feature is called “thermal balancing”. dTle shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 3 and in 14.4.2.2. If the previous space is ≥4 channel clock cycles, then dT le shall be 0. The value of dTle can be dependent on the writing speed: dTle (ps =3T) = u × 116 TW

with u = 0, 1, .. or 4

(0,0 T W ≤ dTle ≤ 0,25 TW )

(dTle will give a delay and reduce the length of the first pulse as indicated in Figure G.1) The values for Pw, and Pb are determined according to the OPC algorithm (see Annex I). An example of the write pulse waveform is shown in Figure G.2.

3T mark

3T space

8T mark

NRZI data δT ΔT/2

dTle

ΔT/2 enhanced 3 T write pulse

reduced top pulse Figure G.2 — Example of a Multiple-pulse

- 110 -

G.2 Blocked write strategy The waveform for the blocked write strategy (see Figure G.3) is derived from the waveform for the pulsed write strategy by setting T mp equal to T W (m = 16) and setting T top(cm≥4T) equal to dTtop + TW (j = q + 16). T top(cm=3T) can be optimised individually. The write pulse waveform for writing marks of length N = 3 is a pulse with a length T top(cm=3T). The write pulse waveform for writing marks of length N ≥ 4 is a pulse with a length dTtop(cm≥4T) + (N-3)×TW + Tlp. Especially at higher recording speeds, optimum cooling down of the recording layer after writing a mark may be needed. For this purpose the bias power shall be switched to Pc between the trailing edge of the write pulse and a quarter of the second Channel bit after the trailing edge of the NRZI data pulse. Pc shall be ≤ 0,1 mW. At higher recording speeds with a blocked write strategy also a power enhancement for the shorter marks might be needed. The additional power dPw shall only be applied for the 3T and 4T marks and shall extend over the full width of the write pulse waveform (see Figures G.3 and G.4). It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 5 and in 14.4.2.3.1. y × Pw 200 z × Pw dPw (cm=4T) = 200

dPw (cm=3T) =

with y = 0, 1, .. or 100

(0,00 Pw ≤ dPw ≤ 0,50 Pw)

with z = 0, 1, .. or 100

(0,00 Pw ≤ dPw ≤ 0,50 Pw)

dPw (cm≥5T) = 0

NRZI channel bits

2TW

dTtop Ttop

Tmp

Tlp Tmp

dPw Pw

0 mW

dTle

1.25TW

Figure G.3 — General blocked waveform

The nominal pulse width times Tmp and Tlp shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 5 and in 14.4.2.3.1. The duration can be dependent on the writing speed: Tmp = m × 116 TW

with m = 16

(Tmp = 1,0 TW )

Tlp = n × 116 TW

with n = 0, 1, .. or 16

(0,0 T W ≤ Tlp ≤ 1,0 TW )

- 111 -

The nominal pulse width time Ttop, is dependent upon the length of the current mark (cm). It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 5 and in 14.4.2.3.1. The duration can also be dependent on the writing speed: Ttop (cm=3T) = i × 116 TW

with i = 16, 17, .. or 48 (1 T W ≤ Ttop ≤ 3 TW )

Ttop (cm≥4T) = j × 116 TW

with j = 16, 17, .. or 48 (1 T W ≤ Ttop ≤ 3 TW ) (j = q + 16, see at dT top)

The nominal first pulse lead-time dT top relative to the trailing edge of the second Channel bit of the NRZI data pulse, is dependent upon the length of the current mark (cm). It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 5 and in 14.4.2.3.1. The value of dTtop can also be dependent on the writing speed: dTtop (cm=3T) = p × 116 TW

with p = 0, 1, .. or 32

(0,0 T W ≤ dTtop (cm=3T) ≤ 2 TW )

dTtop (cm≥4T) = q × 116 TW

with q = 0, 1, .. or 32

(0,0 T W ≤ dTtop (cm≥4T) ≤ 2 TW )

(q = j – 16, see at T top) With the individual values for T top (cm=3T) and dTtop (cm =3T) the 3T mark can be adapted and shifted for optimum resulting jitter. The relative shift of the 3T write pulse is: δT = {dTtop (cm=3T) − dTtop (cm≥4T)}. The position of the leading edge and hence the length of the first pulse may be corrected by dT le dependent upon the length of the previous space (ps). This feature is called “thermal balancing”. dTle shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 5 and in 14.4.2.3.1. If the previous space is ≥4 channel clock cycles, then dTle shall be 0. The value of dTle can be dependent on the writing speed: dTle (ps=3T) = u × 116 TW

(0,0 T W ≤ dTle ≤ 0,25 TW )

with u = 0, 1, .. or 4

(dTle will give a delay and reduce the length of the first pulse as indicated in Figure G.3) The values for Pw, and Pb are determined according to the OPC algorithm (see Annex I). An example of the write pulse waveform is shown in Figure G.4.

dTtop,3 dPw3 3T mark

Ttop,3

1.25 TW Pc

dTle dPw4 4T mark

Ttop,4

1.25 TW Tlp

Pb Pc

dTtop,4 1.25 TW 5T mark

Ttop,4

Tmp

Tlp

Pb Pc 1.25 TW

etc.

Ttop,4

Tmp

Tlp

Figure G.4 — Examples of a “blocked” waveform

- 112 -

G.3 Castle write strategy The write pulse waveform obtained from the NRZI data and the channel clock is shown in Figure G.5. It consists of an uninterrupted pulse with a power boost at the beginning and at the end. The write pulse waveform for writing marks of length N = 3 is a pulse with a length T I3. The write pulse waveform for writing marks of length N ≥ 4 is a pulse with a length T I3 + (N-3)×TW . The additional power dPw shall be applied during the whole write pulse for the 3T mark (T I3) and during Ttop and Tend at the beginning respectively at the end of the write pulses for the ≥ 4T marks. It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 6 and in 14.4.2.3.2. y dPw = × Pw with y = 0, 1, .. or 255 (0,00 Pw ≤ dPw ≤ 1,275 Pw) 200

NRZI channel bits

TW TI3

TI3 + (n-3)xTW Ttop

Tend

dPw dTle

dTle

Figure G.5 — General Castle waveform

The nominal pulse width time TI3 shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 6 and in 14.4.2.3.2. The duration can be dependent on the writing speed: TI3 = k × 116 TW

with k = 16, 17, .. or 48

(1,0 T W ≤ TI3 ≤ 3,0 TW )

The nominal pulse width time Ttop shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 6 and in 14.4.2.3.2. The duration can be dependent on the writing speed: Ttop = i × 116 TW

with i = 4, 5, .. or 32

(0,25 T W ≤ Ttop ≤ 2,0 TW )

The nominal pulse width time Tend, is dependent upon the length of the current mark (cm). It shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 6 and in 14.4.2.3.2. The duration can also be dependent on the writing speed: Tend (cm =4T) = m × 116 TW

with m = 4, 5, .. or 32

(0,25 T W ≤ Tend ≤ 2,0 TW )

Tend (cm ≥5T) = n × 116 TW

with n = 4, 5, .. or 32

(0,25 T W ≤ Tend ≤ 2,0 TW )

- 113 -

Because of limitations in certain implementations, the following constraints shall be kept until further notice: Tend (any mark) < TI3 and TI3 + (n-3)×TW − Ttop − Tend (cm = n) ≥ 4 16 TW for each n ≥ 4 (the power level PW shall be kept for at least 0,25 T W ) The position of the leading edge and hence the start position of the pulse may be corrected by dT le dependent upon the length of the previous space (ps). This feature is called “thermal balancing”. dTle shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 6 and Table 7 and in 14.4.2.3.2 abd 14.4.2.3.3. If the previous space is ≥4 channel clock cycles, then dT le shall be 0. The value of dTle can be dependent on the writing speed: dTle (ps =3T) = u × 116 TW

with u = 0, 1, .. or 4

(0,0 T W ≤ dTle ≤ 0,25 TW )

(dTle will give a delay and reduce the length of the pulse as indicated in Figure G.5) At high recording speeds, optimum cooling down of the recording layer after writing a mark is needed. For this purpose the bias power shall be switched to Pc between the trailing edge of the write pulse and TC after the trailing edge of the NRZI data pulse. Pc shall be < 0,1 mW. TC shall be as indicated in the Physical format information in Table 6 and in 14.4.2.3.2. The value of TC can be dependent on the writing speed: TC = v × 116 TW

with v = 16, 17, .. or V

(1,0 T W ≤ TC ≤ V/16 TW )

(V = 32 or 40 depending on the applied write strategy; see 14.4.2.3.2 and 14.4.2.3.3) NOTE The length of the cooling gap might have some influence on the position of the leading edge of the next written mark, especially in the case of a short space. Therefore some fine-tuning between dT le and T C possibly could improve the recording characteristics of the disk.

The values for Pw, and Pb are determined according to the OPC algorithm (see Annex I). example of the write pulse waveform is shown in Figure G.6.

>3 T space

3T mark

3T space

8T mark

dTle

fine-tuning of thermal balancing

leading edge shift for thermal balancing

Figure G.6 — Example of a Castle waveform

- 114 -

G.4 Rise and fall times The rise times, T r, and fall times, Tf, as specified in Figure G.7 shall not exceed 2 ns. Possible overshoots shall be < 20 % of the step size P.

Twidth1

Twidth2

Twidth3

0.1P2

0.9P1

0.5P2 0.5P1 0.1P1

Trise

0.9P2

Tfall Figure G.7 — Rise Times and Fall Times

- 115 -

- 116 -

Annex H (normative)

8-to-16 Modulation

8-to-16 modulation shall satisfy RLL(2,10) requirements. The encoding system is shown in Figure H.1 with the conversion tables shown in Table H.1 and Table H.2.

8-bit byte, B(t) State, S(t)

16-bit Code Word, X(t) Conversion Table

Next State, S(t+1)

T T = delay of one conversion

Where:

X(t) = H{B(t), S(t)} X15(t) = msb and X0(t) = lsb S(t+1) = G{B(t), S(t)} H is the output function from the conversion tables G is the next-state function from the conversion tables Figure H.1 — Code Word generating system

The States of the Code Words, X(t), shall be chosen to satisfy the RLL(2,10) requirements of a minimum of 2 ZEROs and a maximum of 10 ZEROs between ONEs of adjacent Code Words.

Code Word X(t)

Next State S(t+1)

Code Word X(t+1)

Ends with 1 or no trailing ZEROs

State 1

Starts with 2 to 9 leading ZEROs

Ends with 2 to 5 trailing ZEROs

State 2

Starts with 1or up to 5 leading ZEROs and X15(t+1) , X3(t+1) = 0,0

Ends with 2 to 5 trailing ZEROs

State 3

Starts with none or up to 5 leading ZEROs and X15(t+1) , X3(t+1) ≠ 0,0

Ends with 6 to 9 trailing ZEROs

State 4

Starts with 1 or no leading ZEROs

Figure H.2 — Determination of States

Note that when decoding the recorded data, knowledge about the encoder is required to be able to reconstitute the original bytes. B(t) = H -1{X(t), S(t)} Because of the involved error propagation, such state-dependent decoding is to be avoided. In the case of this 8-to-16 modulation, the conversion tables have been chosen in such a way that knowledge about the State is not required in most cases. As can be gathered from the tables, in some cases, two 8-bit bytes, for - 117 -

instance the 8-bit bytes 5 and 6 in States 1 and 2 in Table H.1 generate the same 16-bit Code Words. The construction of the tables allows to solve this apparent ambiguity. Indeed, if two identical Code Words leave a State, one of them goes to State 2 and the other to State 3. Because the setting of bits X15 and X3 is always different in these two States, any Code Word can be uniquely decoded by analysing the Code Word itself together with bits X 15 and X3 of the next Code Word: B(t) = H -1{ X(t), X15(t+1), X3(t+1) } The Substitution table, Table H.2, is included to insure meeting the DCC requirements of 13.8. Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table State 1 8-bit byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Code Word msb lsb 0010000000001001 0010000000010010 0010000100100000 0010000001001000 0010000010010000 0010000000100100 0010000000100100 0010000001001000 0010000010010000 0010000100100000 0010010010000000 0010001001000000 0010010010000001 0010001001000001 0010000001001001 0010000100100001 0010000010010001 0010000000100010 0001000000001001 0010000000010001 0001000000010010 0000100000000010 0000010000000001 0010001000100000 0010000100010000 0010000010001000 0010000001000100 0001000100100000 0010000000001000 0001000010010000 0001000001001000 0001000000100100 0001000000000100 0001000000000100 0001000000100100 0001000001001000 0001000010010000 0001000100100000 0010000000001000 0010000001000100 0010000010001000 0010000100010000 0010001000100000 0010010001000000 0001001001000000 0000001000000001 0010010010000010 0010000010001001 0010010001000001 0010001001000010 0010001000100001

State 2 Next State 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100000 0010000000010010 0010000100100000 0100010010000000 0010000010010000 0010000000100100 0010000000100100 0100000000010010 0010000010010000 0010000100100000 0010010010000000 0010001001000000 0010010010000001 0010001001000001 0100000000100100 0010000100100001 0010000010010001 0010000000100010 0100000010010000 0010000000010001 0001000000010010 0000100000000010 0000010000000001 0010001000100000 0010000100010000 0100000000100100 0010000001000100 0001000100100000 0100000010010000 0001000010010000 0100000100100000 0001000000100100 0001000000000100 0001000000000100 0001000000100100 0100001001000000 0001000010010000 0001000100100000 0100100100000001 0010000001000100 0100010010000001 0010000100010000 0010001000100000 0010010001000000 0001001001000000 0100010001000000 0010010010000010 0100001001000001 0010010001000001 0010001001000010 0010001000100001

State 3 Next State 2 1 2 4 2 2 3 1 3 3 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1

- 118 -

Code Word msb lsb 0010000000001001 1000000100100000 1000000000010010 0010000001001000 1000000100100000 1001001000000000 1000100100000000 0010000001001000 1000010010000000 1001001000000001 1000100100000001 1000000010010000 1000000010010000 1000010010000001 0010000001001001 1000001001000001 1000000100100001 1000001001000000 0001000000001001 1001000100000000 1000100010000000 1000000010010001 1000000001001001 1000000001001000 1000000001001000 0010000010001000 1000000000100010 1000000000010001 0010000000001000 1001001000000010 0001000001001000 1001000100000001 1000100100000010 1000100010000001 1000000000100100 0001000001001000 1000000000100100 1000010001000000 0010000000001000 1001000010000000 0010000010001000 1000010010000010 1000001000100000 1000010001000001 1000001000100000 1000001001000010 1000001000100001 0010000010001001 1000000100010000 1000000010001000 1000000100010000

State 4 Next State 1 3 1 2 2 4 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 3

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100000 1000000100100000 1000000000010010 0100010010000000 1000000100100000 1001001000000000 1000100100000000 0100000000010010 1000010010000000 1001001000000001 1000100100000001 1000000010010000 1000000010010000 1000010010000001 0100000000100100 1000001001000001 1000000100100001 1000001001000000 0100000010010000 1001000100000000 1000100010000000 1000000010010001 1000000001001001 1000000001001000 1000000001001000 0100000000100100 1000000000100010 1000000000010001 0100000010010000 1001001000000010 0100000100100000 1001000100000001 1000100100000010 1000100010000001 1000000000100100 0100001001000000 1000000000100100 1000010001000000 0100100100000001 1001000010000000 0100010010000001 1000010010000010 1000001000100000 1000010001000001 1000001000100000 0100010001000000 1000001000100001 0100001001000001 1000000100010000 1000000010001000 1000000100010000

Next State 2 3 1 4 2 4 4 1 4 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 3 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 1 2 2 3

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (continued) State 1 8-bit byte 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Code Word msb lsb 0001000001001001 0010000100100010 0010000100010001 0010000010010010 0010000001000010 0010000000100001 0000100000001001 0001001001000001 0001000100100001 0001000010010001 0001000000100010 0001000000010001 0000100000010010 0000010000000010 0010010000100000 0010001000010000 0010000100001000 0010000010000100 0010000000010000 0001000010001000 0001001000100000 0001000000001000 0001000100010000 0001000001000100 0000100100100000 0000100010010000 0000100001001000 0000100000100100 0000100000000100 0000100000000100 0000100000100100 0000100001001000 0000100010010000 0000100100100000 0001000000001000 0001000001000100 0001000010001000 0001000100010000 0001001000100000 0010000000010000 0010000010000100 0010000100001000 0010001000010000 0010010000100000 0000001000000010 0000000100000001 0010010010001001 0010010010010010 0010010001000010 0010010000100001 0010001001001001 0010001000100010 0010001000010001 0010000100010010 0010000010000010 0010000100001001 0010000001000001 0001001001000010 0001001000100001 0001000100100010

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100001 0010000100100010 0010000100010001 0010000010010010 0010000001000010 0010000000100001 0100000010010001 0001001001000001 0001000100100001 0001000010010001 0001000000100010 0001000000010001 0000100000010010 0000010000000010 0010010000100000 0010001000010000 0100000000100010 0010000010000100 0010000000010000 0100001000100000 0001001000100000 0100000100010000 0001000100010000 0001000001000100 0000100100100000 0000100010010000 0100000001000100 0000100000100100 0000100000000100 0000100000000100 0000100000100100 0100000001000100 0000100010010000 0000100100100000 0100000100010000 0001000001000100 0100001000100000 0001000100010000 0001001000100000 0010000000010000 0010000010000100 0100000000010001 0010001000010000 0010010000100000 0100100100000010 0100100010000001 0100010000100000 0010010010010010 0010010001000010 0010010000100001 0100010010000010 0010001000100010 0010001000010001 0010000100010010 0010000010000010 0100001000010000 0010000001000001 0001001001000010 0001001000100001 0001000100100010

State 3 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

- 119 -

Code Word msb lsb 0001000001001001 1000000100100010 1000000100010001 1000000010010010 1000000010001001 1000000001000010 0000100000001001 1000000000100001 0100000001001001 1001001000010010 1001001000001001 1001000100000010 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0010000100001000 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0001000010001000 0100000010001000 0001000000001000 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0000100001001000 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100000010001000 1000100001000000 0000100001001000 1000000010001000 1001001001001000 0001000000001000 1001001000100100 0001000010001000 1001001001001000 1001000010000001 1000100100010010 1000100100001001 0010000100001000 1000100010000010 1000100001000001 1000010010010010 1000010010001001 0010010010001001 1001001000000100 1001001000100100 1000010001000010 0010001001001001 1000010000100001 1000001001001001 1000001000100010 1000001000010001 0010000100001001 1000000100010010 1000000100001001 1000000010000010 1000000001000001

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100001 1000000100100010 1000000100010001 1000000010010010 1000000010001001 1000000001000010 0100000010010001 1000000000100001 0100000001001001 1001001000010010 1001001000001001 1001000100000010 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0100000000100010 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100001000100000 0100000010001000 0100000100010000 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0100000001000100 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100000010001000 1000100001000000 0100000001000100 1000000010001000 1001001001001000 0100000100010000 1001001000100100 0100001000100000 1001001001001000 1001000010000001 1000100100010010 1000100100001001 0100000000010001 1000100010000010 1000100001000001 0100100100000010 0100100010000001 0100010000100000 1001001000000100 1001001000100100 1000010001000010 0100010010000010 1000010000100001 1000001001001001 1000001000100010 1000001000010001 0100001000010000 1000000100010010 1000000100001001 1000000010000010 1000000001000001

Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (continued) State 1 8-bit byte 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170

Code Word msb lsb 0001000100010001 0001000010010010 0001000001000010 0001000010001001 0001000000100001 0000100100100001 0000100010010001 0000100001001001 0000100000100010 0000100000010001 0000010000001001 0000010000010010 0010010010000100 0010010000010000 0010001000001000 0010001001000100 0001000100001000 0010000100100100 0000100010001000 0010000100000100 0010000000100000 0001001000010000 0000100000001000 0001000010000100 0001000000010000 0000100100010000 0000100001000100 0000010001001000 0000010010010000 0000010000100100 0000010000000100 0000010000000100 0000010000100100 0000010001001000 0000010010010000 0000100000001000 0000100001000100 0000100010001000 0000100100010000 0001000000010000 0001000010000100 0001000100001000 0001001000010000 0010000000100000 0010000100000100 0010000100100100 0010001000001000 0010001001000100 0010010000010000 0010010010000100 0000001000010010 0000001000001001 0000000100000010 0000000010000001 0010010010010001 0010010000100010 0010010001001001 0010010000010001 0010001000010010 0010000100000010

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0001000100010001 0001000010010010 0001000001000010 0100010000100000 0001000000100001 0000100100100001 0000100010010001 0100010001000001 0000100000100010 0000100000010001 0100001001000010 0000010000010010 0010010010000100 0010010000010000 0100001000100001 0010001001000100 0100000100100010 0010000100100100 0100000100010001 0010000100000100 0010000000100000 0001001000010000 0100000010010010 0001000010000100 0001000000010000 0000100100010000 0000100001000100 0100000001000010 0000010010010000 0000010000100100 0000010000000100 0000010000000100 0000010000100100 0100000010000100 0000010010010000 0100000000010000 0000100001000100 0100000010000100 0000100100010000 0001000000010000 0001000010000100 0100001000010000 0001001000010000 0010000000100000 0010000100000100 0010000100100100 0100000000100001 0010001001000100 0010010000010000 0010010010000100 0100000000010000 0100100100100100 0100100100100100 0100100100010010 0010010010010001 0010010000100010 0100100100000100 0010010000010001 0010001000010010 0010000100000010

State 3 Next State 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

- 120 -

Code Word msb lsb 0100000010001001 1001001001001001 1001001000100010 0001000010001001 1001001000010001 1001000100010010 1001000100001001 0000100001001001 1000100100100100 1000100100000100 0000010000001001 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 0010001000001000 1000001001000100 0001000100001000 1000001000001000 0000100010001000 1000000100100100 1001001000000100 1000100100100100 0000100000001000 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 1000001001000100 0000010001001000 1000001000001000 1001000010000010 1000000100000100 1000000100100100 1000000100000100 0000010001001000 1001000001000000 0000100000001000 1000000000100000 0000100010001000 1000000000100000 0100000100001000 1000000001000000 0001000100001000 1001000001000001 0100000100001000 1001000100100100 1000100100100010 0010001000001000 1000100100000100 1001001001000100 1001001000001000 1000100100010001 1000100010010010 1000100010001001 1000100001000010 1001000100100100 1001000100000100 0010010001001001 1001001001000100 1000100000100001 1000010010010001

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000010001001 1001001001001001 1001001000100010 0100010000100000 1001001000010001 1001000100010010 1001000100001001 0100010001000001 1000100100100100 1000100100000100 0100001001000010 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 0100001000100001 1000001001000100 0100000100100010 1000001000001000 0100000100010001 1000000100100100 1001001000000100 1000100100100100 0100000010010010 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 1000001001000100 0100000001000010 1000001000001000 1001000010000010 1000000100000100 1000000100100100 1000000100000100 0100000010000100 1001000001000000 0100000000010000 1000000000100000 0100000010000100 1000000000100000 0100000100001000 1000000001000000 0100001000010000 1001000001000001 0100000100001000 1001000100100100 1000100100100010 0100000000100001 0100100100000000 1001001001000100 1001001000001000 0100000000010000 0100100100100100 0100100100100100 0100100100010010 1001000100100100 1001000100000100 0100100100000100 1001001001000100 1000100000100001 1000010010010001

Next State 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 1 4 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 1

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (continued) State 1 8-bit byte 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230

Code Word msb lsb 0010001000001001 0010000010000001 0001001000100010 0001001000010001 0001000100010010 0001000010000010 0001001001001001 0001000001000001 0000100100100010 0000100100010001 0001000100001001 0000100010010010 0000100001000010 0000100010001001 0000100000100001 0000010010010001 0000010000100010 0000010001001001 0000010000010001 0000001001001000 0000001000100100 0000001000000100 0010010010001000 0010010001000100 0010010000001000 0010001000100100 0010001000000100 0010001001001000 0001001001000100 0001000100100100 0001000100000100 0001001000001000 0001000000100000 0000100010000100 0000100000010000 0000100100001000 0000010010001000 0000010001000100 0000010000001000 0000001000000100 0000001000100100 0000001001001000 0000010000001000 0000010001000100 0000010010001000 0000100000010000 0000100010000100 0000100100001000 0001000000100000 0001000100000100 0001000100100100 0001001000001000 0001001001000100 0010001000000100 0010001000100100 0010001001001000 0010010000001000 0010010001000100 0010010010001000 0010000001000000

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

Code Word msb lsb 0100100000100000 0010000010000001 0001001000100010 0001001000010001 0001000100010010 0001000010000010 0100100010000010 0001000001000001 0000100100100010 0000100100010001 0100100000100000 0000100010010010 0000100001000010 0100010010000100 0000100000100001 0000010010010001 0000010000100010 0100100001000001 0000010000010001 0100010010000100 0100010000010000 0100001001000100 0100010000010000 0010010001000100 0100010010010010 0010001000100100 0010001000000100 0100010001000010 0001001001000100 0001000100100100 0001000100000100 0100010000100001 0001000000100000 0000100010000100 0000100000010000 0100001000100010 0100001000010001 0000010001000100 0100000100010010 0100000010000010 0100000100100100 0100000100000100 0100000001000001 0000010001000100 0100000000100000 0000100000010000 0000100010000100 0100000100000100 0001000000100000 0001000100000100 0001000100100100 0100000100100100 0001001001000100 0010001000000100 0010001000100100 0100001001000100 0100100100000100 0010010001000100 0100000000100000 0010000001000000

State 3 Next State 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

- 121 -

Code Word msb lsb 0010001000001001 1000010001001001 1000010000100010 1000010000010001 1000001000010010 1000001000001001 0001001001001001 1000000100000010 1000000010000001 0100100100001001 0001000100001001 0100010010001001 0100001001001001 0000100010001001 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 1000100010000100 0000010001001001 1000100000010000 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 1000010000001000 0010010010001000 1000001001001000 0010010000001000 1000001000100100 1000001000000100 0010001001001000 0100001000001000 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 0001001000001000 1000100010000100 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 0000100100001000 0000010010001000 1000001000100100 0000010000001000 1000010000001000 1000001001001000 1000001000000100 0000010000001000 0100001000001000 0000010010001000 1001001000010000 1001000100000100 0000100100001000 0100000100001001 1001001000010000 1001000100001000 0001001000001000 1001001000001000 1000100000010000 1001001001000010 0010001001001000 0010010000001000 1001000100001000 0010010010001000 1001001000100001

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100100000100000 1000010001001001 1000010000100010 1000010000010001 1000001000010010 1000001000001001 0100100010000010 1000000100000010 1000000010000001 0100100100001001 0100100000100000 0100010010001001 0100001001001001 0100010010000100 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 1000100010000100 0100100001000001 1000100000010000 0100010010000100 0100010000010000 0100001001000100 0100010000010000 1000001001001000 0100010010010010 1000001000100100 1000001000000100 0100010001000010 0100001000001000 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 0100010000100001 1000100010000100 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 0100001000100010 0100001000010001 1000001000100100 0100000100010010 0100000010000010 0100000100100100 0100000100000100 0100000001000001 0100001000001000 0100000000100000 1001001000010000 1001000100000100 0100000100000100 0100000100001001 1001001000010000 1001000100001000 0100000100100100 1001001000001000 1000100000010000 1001001001000010 0100001001000100 0100100100000100 1001000100001000 0100000000100000 1001001000100001

Next State 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (concluded) State 1 8-bit byte 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255

Code Word msb lsb 0000001001001001 0000001000100010 0000001000010001 0000000100010010 0000000100001001 0000000010000010 0000000001000001 0010010000010010 0010001000000010 0010010000001001 0010000100000001 0001001000010010 0001000100000010 0001001000001001 0001000010000001 0000100100010010 0000100010000010 0000100100001001 0000100001000001 0000010010010010 0000010001000010 0000010010001001 0000010000100001 0000001001000100 0000001000001000

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

Code Word msb lsb 0100100100100010 0100100010000100 0100100000010000 0100000001000000 0100100100010001 0100100010010010 0100100001000010 0010010000010010 0010001000000010 0100100010000100 0010000100000001 0001001000010010 0001000100000010 0100100000100001 0001000010000001 0000100100010010 0000100010000010 0100010010010001 0000100001000001 0000010010010010 0000010001000010 0100010000100010 0000010000100001 0100010000010001 0100001000010010

State 3 Next State 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- 122 -

Code Word msb lsb 1001000100100010 1001000100010001 1001000010010010 1001000010001001 1001000001000010 1001000000100001 1000100100100001 1000100010010001 1001000010000100 0010010000001001 1001000010000100 1000000010000000 1000100001001001 0001001000001001 1000100000100010 1000100000010001 1000010000010010 0000100100001001 1000010000001001 1000001000000010 1000000100000001 0000010010001001 0100100010001001 1001000000010000 1000100100010000

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

Code Word msb lsb 0100100100100010 0100100010000100 0100100000010000 0100000001000000 0100100100010001 0100100010010010 0100100001000010 1000100010010001 1001000010000100 0100100010000100 1001000010000100 1000000010000000 1000100001001001 0100100000100001 1000100000100010 1000100000010001 1000010000010010 0100010010010001 1000010000001001 1000001000000010 1000000100000001 0100010000100010 0100100010001001 0100010000010001 0100001000010010

Next State 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Table H.2 — Substitution Conversion Table State 1 8-bit byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Code Word msb lsb 0000010010000000 0000100100000000 0001001000000000 0000001001000000 0000000100100000 0000000010010000 0000000001001000 0000000001001000 0000000010010000 0000000100100000 0000010001000000 0000100010000000 0001000100000000 0010001000000000 0000001000100000 0000000100010000 0000000010001000 0000000001000100 0000000001000100 0000000010001000 0000000100010000 0000001000100000 0000010010000001 0000100100000001 0001001000000001 0010010000000001 0000000001001001 0000000010010001 0000000100100001 0000001001000001 0000100001000000 0001000010000000 0010000100000000 0000010000100000 0000001000010000 0000000100001000 0000000010000100 0000010000100000 0000000010000100 0000000100001000 0000001000010000 0000010001000001 0000010010000010 0000100010000001 0000100100000010 0001000100000001 0001001000000010 0010001000000001 0010010000000010 0000000001000010 0000000010001001 0000000010010010 0000000100010001 0000000100100010 0000001000100001 0000001001000010 0001000001000000 0010000010000000 0010010010010000 0010010001001000

State 2 Next State 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3

State 3

Code Word Next Code Word Next msb lsb State msb lsb State 0000010010000000 4 0100100001001000 2 0000100100000000 4 0100100001001000 3 0001001000000000 4 0100100000001001 1 0100010000000001 1 1000001000000000 4 0100100000000010 1 1001000000000100 3 0100001000000000 4 1001000000100100 3 0100100000000100 2 1001000001001000 3 0100000100000000 4 1001000000000100 2 0100100010010000 3 1001000000100100 2 0100100000100100 2 1001000001001000 2 0000010001000000 4 1001001001000000 4 0000100010000000 4 1000100001001000 3 0001000100000000 4 0100010001001000 3 0010001000000000 4 1000100000000100 3 0100100000000100 3 1001000010010000 3 0100100010010000 2 1001000100100000 3 0100001000000001 1 0100100000001000 3 0100010000000010 1 0100100010001000 3 0100100000100100 3 1001000010010000 2 0100100100100000 3 1001000100100000 2 0100100100100000 2 0100010001001000 2 0100100000010010 1 0100100000001000 2 0000010010000001 1 1000100000100100 3 0000100100000001 1 1000100010010000 3 0001001000000001 1 0100100010001000 2 0010010000000001 1 1000100000000100 2 0100010000000100 3 1000010000000001 1 0100000100000001 1 1000100000000010 1 0100010000000100 2 1001000000001001 1 0100001000000010 1 1001000000010010 1 0000100001000000 4 1000100000100100 2 0001000010000000 4 1000100001001000 2 0010000100000000 4 0100010000001001 1 0000010000100000 3 0100100001001001 1 0100010000010010 1 1000100100100000 3 0100100000010001 1 1001000000001000 3 0100000010000000 4 1001000001000100 3 0000010000100000 2 1000001000000001 1 0100010000100100 3 1000100010010000 2 0100010000100100 2 1000100100100000 2 0100100000100010 1 1001000000001000 2 0000010001000001 1 1000010000000010 1 0000010010000010 1 1000000100000000 4 0000100010000001 1 1001000001000100 2 0000100100000010 1 1000100000001001 1 0001000100000001 1 1001000010001000 3 0001001000000010 1 1001000100010000 3 0010001000000001 1 1000100000010010 1 0010010000000010 1 0100010000001000 3 0100100010010001 1 1001000000010001 1 0100100001000100 3 1001000000100010 1 0100010010010000 3 1001000001001001 1 0100010010010000 2 1001000010010001 1 0100100001000100 2 1001000100100001 1 0100100100100001 1 1001001001000001 1 0100100100010000 3 0100001000001001 1 0001000001000000 4 1001001000100000 3 0010000010000000 4 1001000010001000 2 0010010010010000 3 1001000100010000 2 0100100100010000 2 0010010001001000 3

- 123 -

State 4 Code Word msb lsb 0100100001001000 0100100001001000 0100100000001001 0100010000000001 0100100000000010 0100001000000000 0100100000000100 0100000100000000 0100100010010000 0100100000100100 1001001001000000 1000100001001000 0100010001001000 1000100000000100 0100100000000100 0100100010010000 0100001000000001 0100010000000010 0100100000100100 0100100100100000 0100100100100000 0100100000010010 1000100000100100 1000100010010000 0100100010001000 1000100000000100 0100010000000100 0100000100000001 0100010000000100 0100001000000010 1000100000100100 1000100001001000 0100010000001001 0100100001001001 0100010000010010 0100100000010001 0100000010000000 1000001000000001 0100010000100100 0100010000100100 0100100000100010 1000010000000010 1000000100000000 1001000001000100 1000100000001001 1001000010001000 1001000100010000 1000100000010010 0100010000001000 0100100010010001 0100100001000100 0100010010010000 0100010010010000 0100100001000100 0100100100100001 0100100100010000 1001001000100000 1001000010001000 1001000100010000 0100100100010000

Next State 2 3 1 1 1 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2

Table H.2 — Substitution Conversion Table (concluded) State 1 8-bit byte 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Code Word msb lsb 0010010000100100 0010010000000100 0001001001001000 0001001000100100 0001001000000100 0000100100100100 0000100100000100 0000100000100000 0000010010000100 0000010000010000 0000001001000100 0000001000001000 0000000100100100 0000000100000100 0000010000010000 0001001001001000 0000010010000100 0000100000100000 0010010001001000 0000100100000100 0000100100100100 0001001000000100 0001001000100100 0010010000000100 0010010000100100 0010010010010000 0000000100000100 0000000100100100

State 2 Next State 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

State 3

Code Word Next Code Word Next msb lsb State msb lsb State 0010010000100100 3 1001001000100000 2 0010010000000100 3 0100001001001000 2 0100000010000001 1 0001001001001000 3 0001001000100100 3 0100001001001000 3 0001001000000100 3 0100010010001000 3 0000100100100100 3 0100100100001000 3 0000100100000100 3 1000010000000100 3 0000100000100000 3 1000010000100100 3 0000010010000100 3 1000010001001000 3 0000010000010000 3 1000010010010000 3 0100001000000100 2 1000100000001000 3 0100100000010000 3 1000100010001000 3 0100010001000100 3 1000100100010000 3 0100001000100100 3 1001000000010000 3 0000010000010000 2 1000100001000100 3 0100001000000100 3 0001001001001000 2 0000010010000100 2 0100010000001000 2 0000100000100000 2 0100010010001000 2 0100000100000010 1 0010010001001000 2 0000100100000100 2 0100100100001000 2 0000100100100100 2 1000010000000100 2 0001001000000100 2 1000010000100100 2 0001001000100100 2 1000010001001000 2 0010010000000100 2 1000010010010000 2 0010010000100100 2 1000100000001000 2 0010010010010000 2 0100010001001001 1 0100001000100100 2 1000100001000100 2 0100010001000100 2 1000100010001000 2

- 124 -

State 4 Code Word msb lsb 1001001000100000 0100001001001000 0100000010000001 0100001001001000 0100010010001000 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 0100001000000100 0100100000010000 0100010001000100 0100001000100100 1000100001000100 0100001000000100 0100010000001000 0100010010001000 0100000100000010 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 1000100000001000 0100010001001001 0100001000100100 0100010001000100

Next State 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2

Annex I (normative)

Optimum Power Control and Recording Conditions

I.1

Optimum writing power The optimum recording power Pwo that should be used for recording a disk is dependent on the disk, the recorder and the recording speed. For the disk there are three main parameters involved: − The sensitivity of the recording layers to laser power at a given wavelength. − The change in sensitivity when the laser wavelength is changed. − The “pit-formation mechanism” in the recording layer, which is dependent on the applied layer technology. For the recorder the three main parameters involved are: − The dimensions and optical quality of the laser light spot at the recording layer. − The applied write strategy. − The actual wavelength of the laser when recording the disk (see Annex K). This wavelength depends on e.g.: − the type of laser, − the spread in wavelength for each individual laser of this type (and so for each individual recorder), − the actual write power, − the temperature of the laser. As the optimum writing power Pwo depends on the disk, the recorder and the recording speed that are actually used, this power should be determined for each recorder/disk combination at the actual recording speed. Such a determination of the actual optimum writing power Pwo is called an O ptimum Power C ontrol procedure (OPC procedure).

I.1.1

Asymmetry and optimum writing power For different writing powers, the asymmetry of the recorded 8-to-16 modulated data is different. By test recording random 8-to-16 modulated data with different writing powers, and measuring the resulting asymmetry in the HF signal, the optimum writing power for the specific combination of disk and recorder at a specific recording speed can be obtained. Figure I.1 shows schematically the procedure with the OPC and write strategy. The main signals that are influenced by the applied write strategy and power level are the modulation, the asymmetry and the jitter. In practice the asymmetry appears to be a sensitive parameter for OPC. An alternative measure for the asymmetry is β , which parameter is easier to handle.

P IND & writ e st rategy parameters

target β

OPC

Pwrite

write strategy

P write

write pulse train

disk

real β ( ≡ asymmetry) Figure I.1 — Schematical diagram of OPC procedure - 125 -

mod asym (β) jitter

I.1.2

Measurement of asymmetry by means of β Using the definition of asymmetry directly, may result in complicated recorder electronics. Therefore a different parameter is used as a representation of asymmetry. This parameter β is based on using the AC coupled HF signal before equalization. By definition: β = (A1 + A2)/(A1 - A2) as the difference between the peak levels A1 and A2 (A1+A2), normalized to the peak-peak value (A 1-A2) of the HF signal (see Figure I.2).

β defined in this way, will be approximately equal to the asymmetry. Zero asymmetry of the measured HF signal will, in general, correspond to β ≈ 0.

land-level

HF-signal

A2 A2 pit-level

P < Pwo

P ≈ Pwo

P > Pwo

Figure I.2 — AC-coupled HF signals recorded with different writing powers

I.2

The OPC procedure To facilitate the OPC procedure, an indicative value (an estimation) for the writing power is given at several writing speeds (see 14.4.2). These values cannot be used as the exact optimum writing power for the actual disk/recorder/speed combination, but can be used as a starting value for an OPC procedure. As the setpoint in the OPC procedure, the target β value indicated in 14.4.2 is used. The OPC procedure must be performed in an area on the disk that is specially reserved for this purpose: the Inner or Outer Disk Test Zone (see Table 8).

- 126 -

I.3

Write strategy parameters at other speeds It is recommended that +R recorders compliant with this document use the indicated test speeds as follows: − the Primary recording velocity indicates the lowest speed at which the disk has been verified for a specific write strategy, − the Upper recording velocity indicates the highest speed at which the disk has been verified for a specific write strategy, an estimate for the write parameters at any other speed (within the speed range and parameter set defined for the specific write strategy) can be determined by linear interpolation between the parameters at the Primary recording velocity and the Upper recording velocity as indicated in 14.4.2. NOTE Disk Manufacturers should design media with a reasonable “linear” behaviour of the write strategy parameters over the speed ranges indicated in 14.4.2.

I.4

Media margins at non-optimum write power To create some margins for practical accuracy requirements for drive implementations, the disk should allow for some deviations of the write power from the optimum values. Therefore the following specifications should be fulfilled (strongly recommended): For actual write powers Pw in the range 0,90×Pwo to 1,05×Pwo, and Pb = Pbo, the disk is recordable within all specifications.

- 127 -

- 128 -

Annex J (informative)

Running OPC The correct writing power for the +R disk is to be determined by means of an Optimum Power Calibration procedure as described in Annex I of this document. However, after this calibration, the optimum power may change because of: − power sensitivity fluctuation over the disk, − wavelength shift of the laser diode due to change in operating temperature, − change of spot aberrations due to change in disk skew, substrate thickness, defocus, etc., − changed conditions of disk and/or optics, when OPC was carried out a long time before actual recording. The purpose of a Running OPC is to actively monitor the mark formation process and continuously adjust the writing power to the optimum power that is required. During the OPC procedure, also a “Running OPC signal” may be obtained that can be associated with optimally written marks (for example using the instantaneously reflected light signal). Such a “Running OPC signal” can be used to maintain subsequent recordings at the same optimal level as that determined by the OPC procedure.

- 129 -

- 130 -

Annex K (informative)

Wavelength dependency When organic dyes are used as a recording layer, the +R disk characteristics are fundamentally wavelength dependent (ΔPwo/Pwo is typical 1 to 3,5 % per Δλ = 1 nm). On the other hand, the Laser Diode that generates the light used for recording and read-out of the +R disk has a wavelength with a certain tolerance. Moreover, the wavelength of the light emitted by the Laser Diode will depend on the temperature of the device. This attachment intends to describe the tolerances in temperature and wavelength that are needed by the recorder. Furthermore the disk parameter (dP/dλ )/(P/λ ) is introduced which can speed up the recorder in determining the optimum write power under the recorder’s specific conditions. This parameter shall be indicated in the Physical format information in ADIP (see 14.4.2).

K.1 Wavelength/Temperature behaviour of recorders Figure K.1 shows a typical Wavelength/Temperature diagram which can be considered as operating conditions for the disk. The disk should comply with all specifications for the unrecorded and recorded disk within the operating conditions as defined by the shaded area in Figure K.1.

665 λ (nm) @ PWRITE =15 mW 660 658.6 655 653.6

Nominal measurement condition

650

Tambient (°C) 5

Figure K.1 — Wavelength/Temperature diagram indicating the disk operating conditions NOTE The temperature of the Laser Diode itself may be higher than the ambient temperature of the disk due to dissipation in the laser. In the graph of Figure K.1, a constant temperature difference is assumed between the disk and the laser.

K.2 Write power / Wavelength dependency of the disk In practice it is not easy to determine the write power dependency of the disk on the laser wavelength directly. What can be measured by using usual optical equipment is the absorption of - 131 -

the recording layer as a function of the wavelength. When assuming that the write power is inversely proportional to the absorption of the recording layer, the dependency of this absorption on the wavelength can be translated into a dependency of the write power on the wavelength.

K.2.1 Measurement of the absorption of the recording layer of the disk The absorption of the recording (dye) layer of the disk is determined by measuring the reflection and transmission versus the wavelength. For this purpose a parallel beam is used at a small angle to the normal on the disk surface. The wavelength is controlled by means of a monochromator. The measurements are performed on a mirror area at the inner side of the disk in order to prevent wavelength dependent diffraction of the light caused by grooved areas. front surface

dye layer

substrate

rsi-1.(1-rs)2.ts2i.Ri

R//

rsj-1.(1-rs).ts2j-1.Rj-1.T

T//

rs.(1-rs)2.ts4.R2 rs.(1-rs).ts3.R.T (1-rs)2.ts2.R (1-rs).ts.T rs

Figure K.2 — Definitions of reflectivity, transmission and absorption

In Figure K.2 the following applies: (for the transparency of the formulas, the intensity of the incident beam is assumed to be normalized to 1) rs

= reflectance of the entrance surface

= transmittance of the substrate

= reflectance of the recording layer

= absorption of the recording layer

= transmittance of the recording layer

R// = total measured reflected light T// = total measured transmitted light

- 132 -

From: R // = rs +

(1 − rs )2.R.ts2

(1− r .t .R) 2 s s

the reflectance of the dye can be calculated: R = and from: T// =

R // − rs

(1 + rs .R // − 2.rs ).ts2

(1 − rs ).ts.T it follows that T = T . 1 − rs.ts2.R // (1 − rs ).ts 1 − rs .t s2.R

Because A+T+R=1, the absorption of the dye layer is given by: A=1-R-T

K.2.2 Determination of parameters for the Physical format information in ADIP A 0,22

measured absorption curve

0,20 0,18 0,16

Pw (mW) 12,5 calculated power curve

11,25 10

PIND

measured calibration point

8,75 λIND 650

655

λref

660

665 wavelength (nm)

Figure K.3 — Example of absorption and power versus wavelength

The absorbed power Px = Pw ( λ ) × A( λ ) is creating the marks in the recording layer. It is assumed that this power Px is more or less independent on the wavelength. In this case, Pw ( λ ), a function of the wavelength λ, can be determined from A( λ ) with the help of the following formula: Pw(λref ) × A(λref ) Pw(λ) = , in which Pw (λ ref) is the measured write power at λref. A(λ ) The parameter n = (dPw/d λ )/(PIND/λ IND) to be recorded in the Physical format information in ADIP can be determined from the power curve. dPw/dλ shall be averaged over the wavelength range from 645 nm to 670 nm. λIND has been chosen to be 655 nm and PIND shall be Pw (λ IND) as determined from the calculated power curve. The parameter (dPw/dλ )/(PIND/λ IND) is in principal speed independent.

- 133 -

K.2.3 Determination of start power for the OPC procedure in a specific recorder The corrected power indication Pcor at the actual wavelength of the recorder λactual can be approximated by: dPw Pcor (λ actual ) = PIND + × (λ actual − λIND ) , dλ in which as well P IND as dPw/dλ are speed dependent. The value of dPw/dλ at a speed v1 can be calculated from the values specified in ADIP: n ⎛ dPw ⎞ = × PIND at v1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ dλ ⎠at v1 λIND

The optimum start value of the power for the OPC procedure at a speed v1 can now be determined by the following formula: Pstart at v1(λ actual ) = PIND at v1 +

n × PIND at v1 λIND

× (λ actual − λIND )

- 134 -

Annex L (informative)

Explanation about the usage of the reference servos In the +R/+RW Ecma Standards the function of the reference servo is meant as a measuring system to determine some of the (dynamical) mechanical characteristics of the disk, which are important for the design of practical servo systems in commercial drives. Such practical implementations shall enable the drive to follow the mechanical deviations of the disk within rather small limits, to ensure the quality of the recordings made on the disk and of the read-out signals from such recordings. In general the tracking errors in the axial direction shall be smaller than 0,20 μm and the tracking errors in the radial direction shall be smaller than 0,045 μm.

L.1 Approximation of servo behavior The tracking properties of a typical second order servo can be expressed by the following formula: 2

⎛ f ⎞ E(f ) ≈ c × ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ × X(f ) ⎝ f0 ⎠

(for f << f0 ) , where

(1)

E(f) is the tracking error for frequency f, X(f) represents the amplitude of the related deviations, f is the frequency of the deviations, f0 is the frequency where the open-loop transfer function of the servo crosses the 0 dB axis, c is a constant, which typically = 3. Assuming displacements that can be represented by sinusoidal components x(t) = X(f) × cos(2π×f×t) (2) it can be seen that the amplitude of the accelerations related to such displacements increase quadratically with the frequency of the displacements: α(f ) = (2π × f ) × X(f ) 2

(3)

In these relations the frequency f of the deviations is proportional to the speed of the recording layer of the disk relative to the optical pick-up head of the drive. As a result, the accelerations will increase quadratically with the actual running speed of the disk.

L.1.1 Limitations of servo systems In general servo systems have two limitations: - the stroke of the actuator is limited (Xlimit), determining the maximum allowed X(f), - the acceleration of the actuator is limited (αlimit), determining the maximum allowed α (f). At low frequencies α(f) will be small because of (3) and thus X(f) will be the limiting factor. In the main part of the frequency characteristic of a practical servo system, from about 1 αlimit upto about f0, α (f) will be the limiting factor. By using the above formulas (1) and f = 2π Xlimit (3), the following relation between the maximum acceleration and the maximum allowed tracking error e max can be determined (for f < f0): α max (f ) =

(2π × f0 )2 × e c

(4)

max

For frequencies above f0 the servo system is not able to track any deviations, meaning that the deviations by themselves must be sufficiently small. - 135 -

L.2 Considerations for practical servo implementations

measurements

and

practical

From the above approximations we see that at higher rotational speeds the consequences of deviations x(t) on the disk, such as tracking error and accelerations, increase quadratically with the speed (frequency), causing (too) severe requirements for practical servo implementations. For optimum system performance a good balance between disk specifications and drive capabilities is needed. At higher rotational speeds more severe requirements for the disk are needed to facilitate practical bandwidth values for the servos in the drive. However when measuring at the normal 1x conditions, such smaller disk deviations would lead to very small and consequently noisy error signals. By increasing the measurement speed to 50 Hz CAV and keeping the reference servo the same, the errors E(f) will be larger and can be determined more accurately. Another advantage is that such a measurement condition is much closer to the realistic situation in a practical drive. At higher rotational speeds, the “dynamic” deviations are more important than the “static” deviations which might be reduced due to stretching effects of the disk (such stretching effects especially have a positive influence on the axial deviations).

disk with mechanical deviations

practical drive with technical limitations high-speed drives need high-bandwidth servos

measuring tool is reference servo disk is measured at: - 1x for quasi-static deviations - 50 Hz for dynamical deviations

design of servo is based on maximum deviations converted to real speed

Figure L.1 — Illustration of disk measurement and drive design

L.2.1 Translation of characteristics to other speeds For designing practical servo systems, needed to handle the disks at their aimed recording speed, the results measured at 1x CLV and 50 Hz CAV have to be translated to the related actual rotational speed of the disk. In this respect the acceleration is about the most useful parameter and, as has been seen, this is quadratically dependent on the rotational speed of the disk. Although not accurate, because the stretching effects that will make a disk appear more flat at higher rotational speeds are not taken into account, the following relation for the amplitudes of the accelerations at some specific radius R gives a good first order approximation: α at actual speed

⎛ v ⎞ = ⎜ act ⎟ α at measuremen t speed ⎜⎝ v meas ⎟⎠

(5)

in which vmeas = the Reference velocity (3,49 m/s) for the 1x CLV measurement condition, or

vmeas = 2π × 50 × R for the 50 Hz CAV measurement condition, and

in which vact = n × 3,49 m/s in case of CLV applications (see also 9.5), or

vact = 2π × frot × R in case of CAV applications.

- 136 -

From the αat actual speed the needed bandwidth now can be calculated: f0 =

1 c × α act , 2π emax

(6)

where emax is the maximum acceptable tracking error for good recording properties.

L.3 Example calculations for axial tracking The following tables show the requirement under the measurement condition and the accelerations as can be derived from this requirement for the measurement condition, for the 1x reference speed, and for the real application speed (with the help of the indicated formulas).

L.3.1 Basic requirements for all disks All disks for all recording speeds have to fulfill the basic requirements measured at 1x Reference velocity (CLV). Because of the relatively low rotational speeds these measurements reflect the (quasi-)static deviations of the disk. Axial run-out ≤ 0,3 mm and axial residual tracking error ≤ 0,13 μm speed measurement condition

application conditions

radius 24 mm

radius 58 mm

emax ≤ 0,13 μm 8 m/s2

8 m/s2

1,7 kHz

1x CLV

requirement αmax

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

46 m/s2

2,4x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

4,2 kHz

128 m/s2

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

7,0 kHz

(4)

L.3.2 Additional requirements for all disks able to be recorded at speeds above 4x All disks suited for recording speeds > 4x (not including those specified for recording speeds up to 4x) shall fulfill the following additional requirements measured at 50 Hz rotational speed (CAV). Up to 8x speed most of the disk is still recorded in CLV mode, which means that an increase in axial deviation towards the outer diameter can be allowed (rotational speed reduces towards outer diameter).

- 137 -

Axial residual tracking error ≤ 0,20 μm for radii ≤ 29 mm and ≤ 0,20 × (r / 29) 2 μm for radii ≥ 29 mm

speed measurement condition reference speed

50 Hz CAV 1x

requirement αmax αmax

(4) (5)

radius 24 mm

radius 29 mm

radius 58 mm

emax ≤ 0,20 μm 12 m/s2 2,6 m/s2

emax ≤ 0,20 μm 12 m/s2 1,8 m/s2

emax ≤ 0,80 μm 48 m/s2 1,8 m/s2

113 m/s2

6,6x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

---

113 m/s2

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

---

6,5 kHz

application conditions

6,5 kHz

L.3.3 Additional requirements for all disks able to be recorded at speeds above 8x Additional to the requirements in L.3.2, all disks suited for recording speeds > 8x (not including those specified for recording speeds up to 8x) shall furthermore fulfill the following additional requirements measured at 50 Hz rotational speed (CAV). Above 8x speed (like e.g. at 16x) most or all of the disk is recorded in CAV mode, which means that the axial deviations at the inner diameter and the outer diameter have the same influence. Axial residual tracking error ≤ 0,40 μm

speed measurement condition reference speed

50 Hz CAV 1x

radius 24 mm requirement αmax αmax

emax ≤ 0,40 μm (see Note below) (4) 24 m/s2 (5) 5,1 m/s2

6,6x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

225 m/s2 9,2 kHz see L.3.4 ---

16x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,20 μm (6)

application conditions

---

radius 58 mm emax ≤ 0,40 μm 24 m/s2 0,88 m/s2

225 m/s2 9,2 kHz see L.3.4

NOTE As a consequence of L.3.2 and L.3.3 disks suited for recording at speeds above 8x shall fulfil the combined requirement: ≤ 0,20 μ m for radii ≤ 29 mm, and ≤ 0,20 × (r / 29) 2 μ m for radii ≥ 29 mm but ≤ 41 mm, and ≤ 0,40 μ m for radii ≥ 41 mm.

L.3.4 Stretching effect at highest rotational speed When running at speeds of more than 3 000 RPM the stretching of the disk has more effect than at the measurement speed of 3 000 RPM (50 Hz). In general one can assume that the flatness of the disk improves, when going from 3 000 RPM to higher rotational speeds. This improvement is not included in the above used formulas and therefore the tables show the theoretical worst case situations.

- 138 -

Due to such stretching effects in practical disks, the real αmax will be somewhat lower than the calculated worst case values, while locally also a slightly higher emax can be allowed, resulting in lower requirements for f0. In the case of 16x (≈10 000 RPM) a bandwidth f 0 of about 8 kHz appears to be sufficient to handle disks that fulfil the requirements under the measurement conditions as shown above.

L.4 Example calculations for radial tracking The following tables show the requirement under the measurement condition and the accelerations as can be derived from this requirement for the measurement condition, for the 1x reference speed, and for the real application speed (with the help of the indicated formulas).

L.4.1 Basic requirements for all disks All disks for all recording speeds have to fulfill the basic requirements measured at 1x Reference velocity (CLV). Because of the relatively low rotational speeds these measurements reflect the (quasi-)static deviations of the disk. Radial run-out ≤ 35 μm and radial residual tracking error ≤ 0,015 μm speed measurement condition

application conditions

radius 24 mm

radius 58 mm

emax ≤ 0,015 μm 1,1 m/s2

1x CLV

requirement αmax

1,1 m/s2

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,022* μm (6)

2,0 kHz

6,5 m/s2

2,4x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,045 μm (6)

3,3 kHz

18 m/s2

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,045 μm (6)

5,5 kHz

(4)

* at 1x the original specification shall be kept L.4.2 Additional requirements for all disks able to be recorded at speeds above 4x All disks suited for recording speeds > 4x (not including those specified for recording speeds up to 4x) shall fulfill the following additional requirements measured at 50 Hz rotational speed (CAV). Up to 8x speed most of the disk is still recorded in CLV mode, which means that an increase in radial deviation towards the outer diameter can be allowed (rotational speed reduces towards outer diameter).

- 139 -

Radial residual tracking error ≤ 0,025 μm for radii ≤ 29 mm and ≤ 0,025 × (r / 29) 2 μm for radii ≥ 29 mm

speed measurement condition reference speed

50 Hz CAV 1x

radius 24 mm requirement αmax αmax

(4) (5)

radius 29 mm

radius 58 mm

emax ≤ 0,025 μm emax ≤ 0,025 μm emax ≤ 0,100 μm 1,9 m/s2 1,9 m/s2 7,5 m/s2 2 2 0,40 m/s 0,27 m/s 0,27 m/s2 17,6 m/s2

6,6x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,045 μm (6)

---

17,6 m/s2

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,045 μm (6)

---

5,4 kHz

application conditions

5,4 kHz

L.4.3 Additional requirements for all disks able to be recorded at speeds above 8x Additional to the requirements in 0, all disks suited for recording speeds > 8x (not including those specified for recording speeds up to 8x) shall furthermore fulfill the following additional requirements measured at 50 Hz rotational speed (CAV). Above 8x speed (like e.g. at 16x) most or all of the disk is recorded in CAV mode, which means that the radial deviations at the inner diameter and the outer diameter have the same influence. Radial residual tracking error ≤ 0,055 μm

speed measurement condition reference speed

50 Hz CAV 1x

radius 24 mm requirement αmax αmax

emax ≤ 0,055 μm (see Note below) (4) 4,1 m/s2 (5) 0,88 m/s2

radius 58 mm emax ≤ 0,055 μm 4,1 m/s2 0,15 m/s2

38,7 m/s2

6,6x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,045 μm (6)

---

38,7 m/s2

16x

(5) αmax f0 needed for real emax ≤ 0,045 μm (6)

---

8,1 kHz

application conditions

8,1 kHz

NOTE As a consequence of L.4.2 and L.4.3 disks suited for recording at speeds above 8x shall fulfil the combined requirement: ≤ 0,025 μ m for radii ≤ 29 mm, and ≤ 0,025 × (r / 29) 2 μ m for radii ≥ 29 mm but ≤ 43 mm, and ≤ 0,055 μ m for radii ≥ 43 mm.

- 140 -

Annex M (informative)

Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude

M.1 Relation between wobble signal and wobble amplitude The wobble amplitude in nm cannot easily be measured directly. However, it can be derived from the normalized wobble signal. The theoretical results for such a derivation are given below. The peak value of the wobble signal I W can be seen as: IWp = A × sin( 2 × π × a / p) where: a = wobble amplitude in nm p = track pitch of the radial error signal A = the peak value of the radial error signal In Figure M.1 the parameters a, p, A and IWp are shown. The groove has a peak displacement of 'a' (wobble amplitude) from the averaged centre of the groove to the actual centre of the groove. The normalized wobble signal can now be defined as: IWpp

(I1 − I2 )pp

2 × IWp

⎛ a⎞ = sin⎜⎜ 2 × π × ⎟⎟ 2× A p⎠ ⎝

where (I1 - I2)pp = 2 × A The wobble signal IW is not only dependent on the wobble amplitude a, but also the track pitch p. Due to normalization, dependencies on groove geometry, spot shape and optical aberrations have been eliminated.

M.2 Tolerances of the normalized wobble signal From the above formulae for the normalized wobble signal, the tolerances as given in 28.4 can be converted to nm for a given track pitch of 'p' = 0,74 μm. Lower limit: 0,15 corresponds to a = 18 nm. Upper limit: 0,25 corresponds to a = 30 nm.

- 141 -

Radial error signal

A I Wp

Radial Direc tion

Land

Groove a

Land wobble amplitude

average track centre

actual track centre

Tangential direction

Figure M.1 — Wobble amplitude of the groove

- 142 -

Annex N (informative)

Light fastness of the disk Related documents: ISO 105-A02 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colour ISO 105-B02 Textiles - Tests for colour fastness - Part B02: Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc fading lamp test Light fastness of the +R disk should be tested with an air cooled xenon lamp and test apparatus under conditions complying with ISO 105-B02. Test conditions:

•

Black Panel Temperature

: < 40 °C

•

Effective humidity:

: 70 - 80 %

Disk illumination:

•

Through the substrate, normal incident.

•

Disk not packed, out of cassette.

•

The total exposure shall be such that the European Blue Wool Reference #5 shows a contrast between exposed and unexposed portions equal to grey scale grade 3 (see ISO 105-B02 and ISO 105-A02).

Requirements after illumination:

All disk specifications must still be fulfilled. Remark: The change in color of the +R disk is irrelevant for this test.

- 143 -

- 144 -

Annex O (informative)

Transportation

O.1 General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world, it is not practical to specify mandatory conditions for transportation or for packaging.

O.2 Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in absence of such an agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take into account the following hazards.

O.2.1 Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.

O.2.2 Impact loads and vibrations a) Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the disk. b) Avoid dropping the disk. c) Disks should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock-absorbent material. d) The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provides sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.

- 145 -

- 146 -

Annex P (informative) Video Content Protection System

DVD recorders, especially those equipped with digital interfaces, make it possible to produce perfect replicas of video content. To prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of such video data, this data should be protected by some encryption system. An example of a protection system for video recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format is the so-called Video Content Protection System described in the following document. VCPS:

Video Content Protection System for the DVD+R/+RW Video Recording Format, System Description, which can be obtained from Royal Philips Electronics. NOTE For more information see URL http://www.ip.philips.com

- 147 -

- 148 -

Annex Q (informative)

How to use the Physical format information in ADIP To fully exploit the Physical format information in the ADIP, the following rules are given as a recommended guideline (see also the flowchart in Figure Q.1). Drives should read the ADIP and check for the following information:

1) check the Disk Category in byte 0 ⇒ determine if the disk is a +R or +RW disk, also check if the disk is a single layer disk or a dual layer disk; use the related standard (see clause 3) for further interpretations. Drives shall respect the Disk Application Code:

2) check the Disk Application Code in byte 17 ⇒ if the drive is not able to obey the rules related to a specific Disk Application Code, the drive shall block the disk for recording. If the drive can do "media recognition" (i.e. the drive can uniquely determine the manufacturer and the type of the disk and has optimum sets of write parameters for certain disks in its memory):

3) check for Disk Manufacturer and Media Type ID (bytes 19 to 29) ⇒ choose the optimum write strategy for this specific media from the drive’s memory. If the drive fails to recognize the media:

4) check the version number in byte 0 ⇒ if the version number is unknown: do not use the contents of bytes 32 to 63, ⇒ if the version number is known: interpret bytes 32 to 63 according to the correct book version. 5) check byte 18 for the presence of Extended Information blocks ⇒ if no EI blocks are present: only basic write strategy is available. If EI blocks present:

6) check the Format number in each present EI block ⇒ if the Format number is unknown: do not use the contents of the related EI block, ⇒ if the Format number is known: interpret the EI block according to the correct book version.

Now the drive can choose the best fitting recording speed and write strategy from the available options:

⇒ basic write strategy (1x ~ 2,4x) as defined in bytes 32 to 63, ⇒ write strategy from one of the known EI blocks, ⇒ for each available write strategy the drive should check the actually supported recording speeds indicated in the related bytes (supported recording speeds can be adapted in future versions of this document).

- 149 -

Unknown

Disc Category (byte 0)

start

+R or +RW Retrieve disc characteristics: - byte 1: disc size - byte 2: disc structure - byte 3: recording density - byte 4~15: Data Zone allocation - byte 16: General Flag bits - byte 17: Disc Application Code

Drive familiar with DAC (byte 17) Yes Yes

Man.& type ID (byte 19~29) Known

Drive can do “media recognition”

Unknown

Version number (byte 0)

Unknown (basic write strategy is not applicable)

Known 00

EI indicators (byte 18) n

EI indicators (byte 18)

Unknown EI block format number

Known

Drive has optimum write strategy parameters for this specific disc

Retrieve all strategies: - speed ranges - write strategy parameters

Retrieve basic write strategy: - speed range - write strategy parameters

Retrieve EI block: - speed range - write strategy parameters

choose optimum write strategy for disc/drive combination

choose best fitting speed and write strategy (from basic or EI)

choose optimum speed and strategy from basic

choose optimum speed and strategy from EI

Note: in future more than one EI block can exist on one disc! Figure Q.1 — Flowchart showing the use of Physical format information in ADIP

- 150 -

stop writing

Annex R (informative)

Values to be implemented in Existing and Future Specifications The values for bytes which this Ecma Standard specifies are related to Recordable disks which are in conformance with this Ecma Standard, viz. +R Format disks. It is expected that other categories of disks will be standardized in future. It is therefore recommended that the following values be used for these other disks. Further possible bit patterns are intended for future standardization. All standards are subject to revisions, so the information in this Annex can be subject to changes. Therefore it is recommended to check this information against the most recent edition of the indicated standards.

Identification Data

Bit b31

shall be set to ZERO, indicating CLD format ONE, indicating Zoned format

Bit b30

shall be set to ZERO, indicating pit tracking ONE, indicating groove tracking

Bit b29

shall be set to ZERO if the reflectance is greater than 40 % with a PBS optical system ONE if the reflectance is less than 40 % with a PBS optical system

Bit b28

Reserved, shall be set to ZERO

Bits b 27 to b26 shall be set to ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone ZERO ONE in the Lead-in Zone ONE ZERO in the Lead-out Zone ONE ONE in the Middle Zone Bit b25

shall be set to ZERO, indicating read-only data ONE, indicating other than read-only data

Bit b24

shall be set to ZERO on Layer 0 of Dual Layer disks ONE on Layer 1 of Dual Layer disks ZERO on Single Layer disks

Bits b 23 to b0

shall specify the Physical Sector Number

- 151 -

Physical format information in the ADIP in the Lead-in Zone Byte 0 - Disk Category and Version Number

Bits b 7 to b4 shall specify the Disk Category if set to 0000, they indicate a DVD - Read-Only disk (DVD-RO) if set to 0001, they indicate a DVD Rewritable disk (DVD-RAM) if set to 0010, they indicate a DVD-Recordable disk (DVD-R) if set to 0011, they indicate a DVD Re-recordable disk (DVD-RW) if set to 1001, they indicate a +RW Single Layer disk if set to 1010, they indicate a +R Single Layer disk if set to 1101, they indicate a +RW Dual Layer disk if set to 1110, they indicate a +R Dual Layer disk Bits b3 to b0 shall specify the Version Number. Together with b 7 to b4 they specify the related document. if b7 to b4 set to 0000 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-267/268 (DVD-RO) if b7 to b4 set to 0001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-272 (DVD-RAM 2,6 Gbytes) if b7 to b4 set to 0001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0110, they specify ECMA-330 (DVD-RAM) if b7 to b4 set to 0010 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-279 (DVD-R 3,95 Gbytes) if b7 to b4 set to 0010 and b 3 to b0 set to 0101, they specify ECMA-359 (DVD-R) if b7 to b4 set to 0011 and b 3 to b0 set to 0010, they specify ECMA-338 (DVD-RW) if b7 to b4 set to 1001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-274 (+RW 3,0 Gbytes) if b7 to b4 set to 1001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0010, they specify ECMA-337 (+RW) if b7 to b4 set to 1001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0011, they specify ECMA-371 (+RW HS) if b7 to b4 set to 1010 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-349 (+R) if b7 to b4 set to 1101 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-374 (+RW DL) if b7 to b4 set to 1110 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-364 (+R DL) Byte 1 - Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b4 shall specify the disk size if set to 0000, they specify a 120 mm disk if set to 0001, they specify an 80 mm disk Bits b3 to b0 shall specify the maximum transfer rate if set to 0000, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 2,52 Mbits/s if set to 0001, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 5,04 Mbits/s if set to 0010, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 10,08 Mbits/s if set to 1111, they specify no maximum transfer rate is specified Byte 2 - Disk structure

Bit b7 shall be set to ZERO. Bits b 6 and b 5 shall specify the disk Type if set to 00, they specify a single recording layer per side if set to 01, they specify two recording layers per side Bit b4 shall specify the track path if set to ZERO, it specifies PTP on Dual Layer disks or a Single Layer disk, if set to ONE, it specifies OTP on Dual Layer disks Bits b 3 to b0 specify the layer type Bit b3

shall be set to ZERO

Bit b2

if set to ZERO, shall specify that the disk does not contain re-writable Data Zones ONE, shall specify that the disk contains re-writable Data Zones

- 152 -

Bit b1

if set to ZERO, shall specify that the disk does not contain recordable Data Zones ONE, shall specify that the disk contains recordable Data Zones

Bit b0

if set to ZERO, shall specify that the disk does not contain embossed Data Zones ONE, shall specify that the disk contains embossed Data Zones

Byte 3 - Recording density

Bits b 7 to b4 shall specify the average Channel bit length if set to 0000, they specify 0,133 μm if set to 0001, they specify 0,147 μm if set to 0010, they indicate that this average length is in the range 0,205 μm to 0,218 μm if set to 1000, they specify 0,176 37 μm Bits b3 to b0 shall specify the average track pitch if set to 0000, they indicate a track pitch of 0,74 μm if set to 0001, they indicate a track pitch of 0,80 μm.

- 153 -