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ECMA-337 — Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm - Optical disk using +RW format - Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 4X) (June 2008)

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ECMA-337 4th Edition / June 2008

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 4X)

Standard ECMA-337 4th Edition / June 2008

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW Format – Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 4X)

Ecma International

Rue du Rhône 114

CH-1204 Geneva

T/F: +41 22 849 6000/01

www.ecma-international.org

Introduction Ecma Technical Committee TC31 was established in 1984 for the standardization of Optical Disks and Optical Disk Cartridges (ODC). Since its establishment, the Committee has made major contributions to ISO/IEC toward the development of International Standards for 80 mm, 90 mm, 120 mm, 300 mm, and 356 mm media. Numerous standards have been developed by TC31 and published by Ecma, almost all of which have also been adopted by ISO/IEC under the fast-track procedure as International Standards. In February 2002 a group of Companies proposed to TC31 to develop a standard for 120 mm rewritable optical disks using Phase Change recording technology and based on the DVD - Read-Only standard (ECMA-267) and the +RW format (ECMA-274). TC31 adopted this project and started the work that has resulted in the first edition of ECMA-337. This Ecma Standard specifies two Types of rewritable optical disks, one (Type S) making use of recording on only a single side of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 4,7 or 1,46 Gbytes per disk and the other (Type D) making use of recording on both sides of the disk and yielding a nominal capacity of 9,4 or 2,92 Gbytes per disk. In April 2003 a proposal was made to TC31 to update this Ecma Standard for recording speeds up to 4 times the Reference velocity. TC31 adopted this project which has resulted in the second edition of ECMA-337. In February 2005 a proposal was made to TC31 to update this Ecma Standard to facilitate the application of the Video Content Protection System. This Ecma Standard, taken together with a standard for volume and file structure, such as for instance developed in Ecma Technical Committee TC15, provides the requirements for information interchange between systems.

This Ecma Standard has been adopted by the General Assembly of June 2008.

Table of contents Section 1 — General

Scope

Conformance

2 .1

O p ti c a l D i s k

2.2

Generating system

2.3

Receiving system

2.4

Compatibility statement

References

Definitions

4.1

Channel bit

4.2

Clamping Zone

4.3

Digital Sum Value (DSV)

4.4

Disk Reference Plane

4.5

dummy substrate

4.6

entrance surface

4.7

field

4.8

groove

4.9

interleaving

4.10

mark

4.11

phase change

4.12

Physical Sector

4.13

recording layer

4.14

Reed-Solomon code (RS)

4.15

space

4.16

substrate

4.17

track

4.18

track pitch

4.19

VCPS

4.20

wobble

4.21

zone

5 5.1

C o n ve n t i o n s a n d n o t a t i o n s

Representation of numbers

4 -i -

5.2

Names

L i s t o f a c r o n ym s

General description of the optical disk

General Requirements

8.1 Environments 8.1.1 Test environment 8.1.2 Operating environment 8.1.3 Storage environment 8.1.4 Transportation

6 6 6 7 7

8.2

Safety requirements

8.3

Flammability

R e f e r e n c e D r i ve

9 .1

O p ti c a l s ys te m

9.2

Optical beam

9.3

Read channel 1

9.4

Disk clamping

9.5

Rotation of the disk

9.6

Wobble channel (Read channel 2)

9.7

Tracking channel (Read channel 2)

9.8 Reference servo systems 9.8.1 Normalized servo transfer function 9.8.2 Reference Servo for Axial Tracking 9.8.3 Reference Servo for Radial Tracking

10 10 11 12

S e c t i o n 2 — D i m e n s i o n a l , m e c h a n i c a l a n d p h ys i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e d i s k

Dimensional characteristics

10.1

Reference Planes

10.2

Overall dimensions

10.3

First transition area

10.4

Second transition area

10.5

Clamping Zone

10.6

Third transition area

10.7

Information Zone

10.8

Rim area

10.9

Remark on tolerances

Mechanical characteristics

- ii -

11.1

Mass

11.2

Moment of inertia

11.3

Dynamic imbalance

11.4

Axial runout

11.5

Radial runout

Optical characteristics in the Information Zone

12.1

Index of refraction

12.2

Thickness of the substrate

12.3

Reflectivity

12.4

Birefringence

12.5

Angular deviation

Section 3 — Format of information

Data format

13.1 Data Frames 13.1.1 Identification Data (ID) 13.1.2 ID Error Detection Code (IED) 13.1.3 RSV 13.1.4 Error Detection Code (EDC)

19 20 20 20 21

13.2

Scrambled Frames

1 3 .3

EC C Bl o c k s

13.4

Recording Frames

13.5

Modulation and NRZI conversion

13.6

Physical Sectors

13.7 L a yo u t o f a R e c o r d i n g U N i t ( R U N ) 13.7.1 Recording Unit position

25 26

13.8

d.c. component suppression control Track format

14.1

Track shape

14.2

Track path

14.3

Track pitch

14.4 Track layout 14.4.1 ADIP information 14.4.2 Physical format information in ADIP

28 28 32

Section 4 — Format of the Information Zone

General description of the Information Zone

- iii -

L a yo u t o f t h e I n f o r m a t i o n Z o n e

16.1 17

Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs)

Lead-in Zone

17.1

Initial Zone

17.2

Inner Disk Test Zone

17.3

Inner Drive Test Zone

17.4

Guard Zone 1

17.5

Reserved Zone 1

17.6

Reserved Zone 2

17.7

Inner Disk Identification Zone

17.8

Reserved Zone 3

17.9

Reference Code Zone

17.10

Buffer Zone 1

17.11 Control Data Zone 17.11.1 Physical format information 17.11.2 Disk manufacturing information 17.11.3 Content provider information

51 51 53 53

17.12

Buffer Zone 2

Data Zone

Lead-out Zone

19.1

Buffer Zone 3

19.2

Outer Disk Identification Zone

19.3

Guard Zone 2

19.4

Reserved Zone 4

19.5

Outer Drive Test Zone

19.6

Outer Disk Test Zone

19.7

Guard Zone 3

Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs)

Formatting

21.1 Pre-formatting 21.1.1 Verification

55 55

21.2 Background formatting 21.2.1 Initialization 21.2.2 De-icing 21.2.3 Finalization 21.2.4 Verification (optional)

56 56 56 56 56 - iv -

21.3 22

Sequential recording without formatting Disk Control Blocks

57 57

22.1

General format of Disk Control Blocks

22.2

Format of the Formatting DCB (FDCB)

22.3

Format of the Write inhibit DCB (WDCB)

S e c t i o n 5 — C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e g r o o ve

General

Method of testing

Environment

24.1

24.2 Reference Drive 24.2.1 Optics and mechanics 24.2.2 Read power 24.2.3 Read channels 24.2.4 Tracking

65 65 65 65 65

24.3

Definition of signals C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e g r o o ve s i g n a l s

25.1

Phase depth

25.2

Push-pull signal

25.3

Track Cross signal

25.4

Normalized wobble signal

25.5

Characteristics of the wobble

S e c t i o n 6 — C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f t h e r e c o r d i n g l a ye r

Method of testing

Environment

26.1

26.2 Reference Drive 26.2.1 Optics and mechanics 26.2.2 Read power 26.2.3 Read channels 26.2.4 Tracking 26.2.5 Scanning velocity

68 68 68 68 68 68

26.3 Write conditions 26.3.1 Write pulse waveform 26.3.2 Write power

69 69 69

26.4

Measurement conditions Characteristics of the recorded signals -v -

27.1

Channel bit length

27.2 Definition of signals 27.2.1 High frequency signals (HF) 27.2.2 Modulated amplitude 27.2.3 Signal asymmetry 27.2.4 Normalized Slicing Level jump 27.2.5 Jitter 27.2.6 Track Cross signal

70 70 70 71 71 71 71

27.3

Read stability Additional testing conditions

28.1 Test environment 28.1.1 Optics

72 72

28.2 Definition of signals 28.2.1 Modulated amplitude 28.2.2 Signal asymmetry 28.2.3 Jitter 28.2.4 Track Cross signal 28.2.5 Differential phase tracking error signal 28.2.6 Tangential push-pull signal

72 72 72 72 73 73 74

Q u a l i t y o f t h e r e c o r d i n g l a ye r

29.1

Defects

29.2

Data errors

Section 7 — Characteristics of user data

Method of testing

Environment

30.1

30.2 Reference Drive 30.2.1 Optics and mechanics 30.2.2 Read power 30.2.3 Read channels 30.2.4 Error correction 30.2.5 Tracking

75 75 75 75 75 75

Minimum quality of a Recording Unit

31.1

Tracking

31.2

User-written data

A n n e x A ( n o r m a t i ve ) 8 0 m m d i s k

A n n e x B ( n o r m a t i ve ) S t r u c t u r e f o r E x t e n d e d f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n t h e D a t a Z o n e 8 1

- vi -

A n n e x C ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f l i g h t r e f l e c t i vi t y

A n n e x D ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f b i r e f r i n g e n c e

A n n e x E ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r i n g c o n d i t i o n s f o r o p e r a t i o n s i g n a l s

A n n e x F ( n o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l p h a s e t r a c k i n g e r r o r

A n n e x G ( n o r m a t i ve ) T h e w r i t e p u l s e w a ve f o r m f o r t e s t i n g

A n n e x H ( n o r m a t i ve ) 8 - t o - 1 6 M o d u l a t i o n

101

A n n e x I ( n o r m a t i ve ) O p t i m u m P o w e r C o n t r o l

109

A n n e x J ( n o r m a t i ve ) L o g i c a l t o P h ys i c a l a d d r e s s t r a n s l a t i o n

113

A n n e x K ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) M e a s u r e m e n t o f t h e g r o o ve w o b b l e a m p l i t u d e

115

A n n e x L ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) T r a n s p o r t a t i o n

117

A n n e x M ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) D e f e c t M a n a g e m e n t a n d P h ys i c a l F o r m a t t i n g

119

A n n e x N ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) V i d e o C o n t e n t P r o t e c t i o n S ys t e m

121

A n n e x O ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) H o w t o u s e t h e P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n A D I P

123

A n n e x P ( i n f o r m a t i ve ) V a l u e s t o b e I m p l e m e n t e d i n E x i s t i n g a n d F u t u r e Specifications

125

- vii -

- viii -

Section 1 — General 1

Scope This Ecma Standard specifies the mechanical, physical and optical characteristics of 120 mm rewritable optical disks with capacities of 4,7 Gbytes and 9,4 Gbytes. It specifies the quality of the recorded and unrecorded signals, the format of the data and the recording method, thereby allowing for information interchange by means of such disks. The data can be written, read and overwritten many times using the phase change method. These disks are identified as +RW. This Ecma Standard also specifies 80 mm disks with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. These disks shall have the same characteristics as the 120 mm disks, except for some parameters related to the smaller dimensions. All parameters unique for the 80 mm disks are specified in Annex A. This Ecma Standard specifies −

two related but different Types of this disk (see Clause 7),

−

the conditions for conformance,

−

the environments in which the disk is to be tested, operated and stored,

−

the mechanical, physical and dimensional characteristics of the disk, so as to provide mechanical interchange between data processing systems,

−

the format of the information on the disk, including the physical disposition of the tracks and sectors, the error correcting codes and the coding method,

−

the characteristics of the signals recorded on the disk, thus enabling data processing systems to read the data from the disk. This Ecma Standard provides for the interchange of disks between optical disk drives. Together with a standard for volume and file structure, it provides for full data interchange between data processing systems.

2 2.1

Conformance Optical Disk A claim of conformance with this Ecma Standard shall specify the Type implemented. An optical disk shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it meets all mandatory requirements specified for its Type.

2.2

Generating system A generating system shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if the optical disk it generates is in accordance with 2.1.

2.3

Receiving system A receiving system shall be in conformance with this Ecma Standard if it is able to handle both Types of optical disk according to 2.1.

2.4

Compatibility statement A claim of conformance by a Generating or Receiving system with this Ecma Standard shall include a statement listing any other standards supported. This statement shall specify the numbers of the standards, the optical disk types supported (where appropriate) and whether support includes reading only or both reading and writing.

-1-

References ECMA-43

8-bit Coded Character Set Structure and Rules (ISO/IEC 4873:1991)

ECMA-267

120 mm DVD – Read-Only Disk (ISO/IEC 16448:2002)

ECMA-268

80 mm DVD – Read-Only Disk (ISO/IEC 16449:2002)

ECMA-287

Safety of Electronic Equipment

ECMA-349

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X) (ISO/IEC 17344:2006)

ECMA-364

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +R DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 16X) (ISO/IEC 25434:2007)

ECMA-371

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW HS Format Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed up to 8X) (ISO/IEC 26925:2006)

ECMA-374

Data Interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm Optical Disk using +RW DL Format Capacity: 8,55 and 2,66 Gbytes per Side (Recording speed 2,4X) (ISO/IEC 29642:2007)

The efficiency and data reliability of +RW disks can be improved by the use of Background Formatting and Defect Management. An example of such a system is referred to in Annex M. Unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format can be prevented by applying the Video Content Protection System as referred to in Annex N.

Definitions For the purpose of this Ecma Standard the following definitions apply:

4.1

Channel bit The elements by which the binary values ZERO and ONE are represented by marks and spaces on the disk.

4.2

Clamping Zone The annular part of the disk within which the clamping force is applied by the clamping device.

4.3

Digital Sum Value (DSV) The arithmetic sum obtained from a bit stream by allocating the decimal value +1 to bits set to ONE and the decimal value −1 to bits set to ZERO.

4.4

Disk Reference Plane A plane defined by the perfectly flat annular surface of an ideal spindle onto which the clamping Zone of the disk is clamped, and which is normal to the axis of rotation.

4.5

dummy substrate A layer which may be transparent or not, provided for the mechanical support of the disk and, in some cases, of the recording layer as well.

4.6

entrance surface The surface of the disk onto which the optical beam first impinges.

-2-

4.7

field A subdivision of a sector.

4.8

groove A trench-like feature of the disk, applied before the recording of any information, and used to define the track location. The groove is located nearer to the entrance surface than the so-called land in between the grooves. The recording is made on the groove.

4.9

interleaving The process of reallocating the physical sequence of units of data so as to render the data more immune to burst errors.

4.10

mark A feature of the recording layer which may take the form of an amorphous domain, a pit, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.

4.11

phase change A physical effect by which the area of a recording layer irradiated by a laser beam is heated so as to change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state and vice versa.

4.12

Physical Sector The smallest addressable part of a track in the Information Zone of a disk that can be accessed independently of other addressable parts of the Zone.

4.13

recording layer A layer of the disk on which data is written during manufacture and / or use.

4.14

Reed-Solomon code (RS) An error detection and / or correction code.

4.15

Reference velocity The Reference velocity is the linear velocity that results in the nominal Channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s.

4.16

space A feature of the recording layer which may take the form of a crystalline, a non-pit, or any other type or form that can be sensed by the optical system. The pattern of marks and spaces represents the data on the disk.

4.17

substrate A transparent layer of the disk, provided for mechanical support of the recording layer, through which the optical beam accesses the recording layer.

4.18

track A 360° turn of a continuous spiral.

4.19

track pitch The distance between adjacent track centrelines, measured in a radial direction.

4.20

VCPS VCPS (Video Content Protection System) defines a method to prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of video data that is recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format.

-3-

4.21

wobble A continuous sinusoidal deviation of the track from the average centreline. Location information is included as phase modulated data in the wobble.

4.22

zone An annular area of the disk.

5 5.1

Conventions and notations Representation of numbers A measured value is rounded off to the least significant digit of the corresponding specified value. For instance, it implies that a specified value of 1,26 with a positive tolerance of + 0,01 and a negative tolerance of - 0,02 allows a range of measured values from 1,235 to 1,274. Numbers in decimal notations are represented by the digits 0 to 9. Numbers in hexadecimal notation are represented by the hexadecimal digits 0 to 9 and A to F in parentheses. The setting of bits is denoted by ZERO and ONE. Numbers in binary notations and bit patterns are represented by strings of digits 0 and 1, with the most significant bit shown to the left. In a pattern of n bits, bit b (n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b 0 shall be the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b (n-1) shall be recorded first. Negative values of numbers in binary notation are given as Two’s complement. In each data field, the data is recorded so that the most significant byte (MSB), identified as Byte 0, shall be recorded first and the least significant byte (LSB) last. In a field of 8n bits, bit b (8n-1) shall be the most significant bit (msb) and bit b 0 the least significant bit (lsb). Bit b (8n-1) shall be recorded first.

5.2

Names The names of entities, e.g. specific tracks, fields, etc., are given with an initial capital.

List of acronyms a.c. ADIP ASM BP BPF CAV CLD CLV d.c. DCB DCC DOW DSV ECC EDC EI FDCB

alternating current Address in Pre-groove Asymmetry Byte Position Band Pass Filter Constant Angular Velocity Constant Linear Density Constant Linear Velocity direct current Disk Control Block d.c. Component suppression Control Direct OverWrite Digital Sum Value Error Correction Code Error Detection Code Extended Information Formatting DCB -4-

HF ID IED LPF LSB lsb LSN MSB msb NA NRZ NRZI NSL OPC OTP PAA PBS PI PLL PO PP pp PSN PTP RIN RPM RS RSV RUN SNR SPS SYNC

High Frequency Identification Data ID Error Detection code Low Pass filter Least Significant Byte Least Significant Bit Logical Sector Number Most Significant Byte Most Significant Bit Numerical Aperture Non Return to Zero Non Return to Zero Inverted Normalized Slicing Level Optimum Power Control Opposite Track Path Physical Address in ADIP Polarizing Beam Splitter Parity of Inner-code Phase Locked Loop Parity of Outer-code Push-Pull peak-to-peak Physical Sector Number Parallel Track Path Relative Intensity Noise Revolutions per Minute Reed-Solomon code Reserved (in use by specific applications) Recording UNit Signal to Noise Ration Start Position Shift Synchronization code

General description of the optical disk The optical disk that is the subject of this Ecma Standard consists of two substrates bonded together by an adhesive layer, so that the recording layer(s) is (are) on the inside. The centring of the disk is performed on the edge of the centre hole of the assembled disk on the side currently accessed. Clamping is performed in the Clamping Zone. This Ecma Standard provides for two Types of such disks. Type S5

consists of a substrate, a single recording layer and a dummy substrate. The recording layer can be accessed from one side only. The capacity is 4,7 Gbytes for the 120 mm sized disk and 1,46 Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.

Type D10

consists of two substrates and two recording layers. From each side of the disk only one of the recording layers can be accessed. The capacity is 9,4 Gbytes for the 120 mm sized disk and 2,92 Gbytes for the 80 mm sized disk.

Data can be written onto the disk as marks in the form of amorphous spots in the crystalline recording layer and can be overwritten with a focused optical beam, using the phase change effect between amorphous and crystalline states. The data can be read with a focused optical beam, using the phase change effect as the difference in the reflectivity between amorphous and crystalline states. The beam accesses the recording layer through a transparent substrate of the disk. -5-

Figure 1 shows schematically the two Types.

Entrance surface Substrate Recording Layer Adhesive Layer Dummy Substrate

Type S5

Entrance surface Substrate Recording Layer Adhesive Layer Recording Layer Substrate

Type D10

Entrance surface Figure 1 — Types of +RW disk

General Requirements

8.1 8.1.1

Environments T e s t e n vir o n m e n t In the test environment, the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties: temperature relative humidity atmospheric pressure

: 23 °C ± 2 °C : 45 % to 55 % : 60 kPa to 106 kPa

No condensation on the disk shall occur. Before testing, the disk shall be conditioned in this environment for 48 h minimum. It is recommended that, before testing, the entrance surface of the disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk. Unless otherwise stated, all tests and measurements shall be made in this test environment. 8.1.2

O p e r a t i n g e n vir o n m e n t This Ecma Standard requires that a disk which meets all requirements of this Ecma Standard in the specified test environment shall provide data interchange over the specified ranges of environmental parameters in the operating environment. The operating environment is the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties: temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient

: 5 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 85 % : 1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m 3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 10 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max. -6-

No condensation on the disk shall occur. If the disk has been exposed to conditions outside those specified in this Clause, it shall be acclimatized in an allowed operating environment for at least 2 h before use. 8.1.3

S t o r a g e e n vir o n m e n t The storage environment is defined as the environment where the air immediately surrounding the disk shall have the following properties: temperature relative humidity absolute humidity atmospheric pressure temperature gradient relative humidity gradient

: -10 °C to 55 °C : 3 % to 90 % : 1 g/m 3 to 30 g/m3 : 60 kPa to 106 kPa : 15 °C/h max. : 10 %/h max.

No condensation on the disk shall occur. 8.1.4

8.2

Transportation This Ecma Standard does not specify requirements for transportation; guidance is given in Annex L.

Safety requirements The disk shall satisfy the safety requirements of Standard ECMA-287, when used in the intended manner or in any foreseeable use in an information processing system.

8.3

Flammability The disk and its components shall be made from materials that comply with the flammability class for HB materials, or better, as specified in Standard ECMA-287.

Reference Drive The Reference Drive shall be used for the measurement of optical parameters for conformance with the requirements of this Ecma Standard. The critical components of this device have the characteristics specified in this Clause.

9.1

Optical system The basic set-up of the optical system of the Reference Drive used for measuring the (over)write and read parameters is shown in Figure 2. Different components and locations of components are permitted, provided that the performance remains the same as that of the set-up in Figure 2. The optical system shall be such that the detected light reflected from the entrance surface of the disk is minimized so as not to influence the accuracy of the measurements.

-7-

+ +

+ -

H4 Tangential track direction

Read Channel 1

Read Channel 2

+ + G

A B C D E

Laser diode Collimator lens Polarizing beam splitter Quarter-wave plate Objective lens

F G H1, H2, H3, H4 Ia, Ib, Ic, Id I1, I2

Optical disc 4 quadrant photo detector d.c. coupled amplifiers Output currents from photo detector G Summed output currents of H3, H4

Figure 2 — Optical system of the Reference Drive

The combination of a polarizing beam splitter C and a quarter-wave plate D shall separate the entrance optical beam from the laser diode A and the reflected optical beam from the disk F. The beam splitter C shall have a p-s intensity reflectance ratio of at least 100.

9.2

Optical beam The focused optical beam used for writing and reading data shall have the following properties: +10 nm

a) Wavelength ( λ )

655 nm

b) Numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA)

0,65 ± 0,01

− 5 nm

c) The objective lens shall be compensated for spherical aberrations caused by a parallel substrate with nominal thickness (0,6 mm) and nominal refractive index (1,55). d) Wave front aberration

0,033 × λ rms max.

e) Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

35 % to 50 % of the maximum intensity in the radial direction and 45 % to 60 % in the tangential direction.

Circular

Polarization of the light

g) Read power (average)

0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW (d.c. or HF modulated with a frequency >400 MHz)

h) Write power and pulse width

see Annex G

−134 dB/Hz max.

Relative Intensity Noise (RIN)* of the laser diode

*RIN (dB/Hz) = 10 log [(a.c. light power density / Hz) / d.c. light power]

-8-

9.3

Read channel 1 Read channel 1 shall be provided to generate signals from the marks and spaces in the recording layer. This Read channel shall be used for reading the user-written information, using the change in reflectivity of the marks and spaces due to the phase change effect. The read amplifiers after the photo detectors in the Read channel shall have a flat response within 1 dB from d.c. to 20 MHz. For measurement of jitter, the characteristics of the PLL and the slicer, etc. are specified in Annex E.

9.4

Disk clamping For measuring, the disk shall be clamped between two concentric rings covering most of the Clamping Zone (see 10.5). The top clamping area shall have the same diameters as the bottom clamping area (Figure 3).

dout din F1

disk

F2 α Figure 3 — Clamping and chucking conditions

Clamping shall occur between din = 22,3 mm

+0,5 mm −0,0 mm

and

dout = 32,7 mm

+0,0 mm −0,5 mm

The total clamping force shall be F 1 = 2,0 N ± 0,5 N. In order to prevent warping of the disk under the moment of force generated by the clamping force and the chucking force F2 exerted on the rim of the centre hole of the disk, F2 shall not exceed 0,5 N (see Figure 3). The tapered cone angle, α, shall be 40,0° ± 0,5°.

9.5

Rotation of the disk The actual rotation speed for reading the disk shall be such that it results in the Reference velocity of 3,49 m/s ± 0,03 m/s at the nominal Channel bit rate of 26,156 25 Mbit/s. The direction of rotation shall be counter-clockwise when viewed from the objective lens. The actual rotation speed (v actual ) for writing the disk shall be such that it includes all velocities for which parameters are specified in the Physical format information in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Lead-in Zone of the disk (see 14.4.1.1 and 14.4.2). NOTE

v The rotational speed of the disk is depending on the radial position: angular velocity = 60 × actual RPM 2π × r When testing the disk the actual speed is limited such that the angular velocity does not exceed 10 000 RPM. -9-

9.6

Wobble channel (Read channel 2) Read channel 2 of the drive provides the wobble signals to control the access to addressed locations on the disk during writing. The wobble signal is generated in Read Channel 2 as a signal (I1 - I2) related to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. The read amplifiers after the photo detectors in the Read channel shall have a flat response within 1 dB from d.c. to 20 MHz.

9.7

Tracking channel (Read channel 2) Read channel 2 of the drive provides the tracking error signals to control the servos for radial tracking of the optical beam. The radial tracking error is generated in Read Channel 2 as a signal (I1 - I2) related to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. The method of generating the axial tracking error is not specified for the Reference Drive.

9.8 9.8.1

Reference servo systems N o r m a l i z e d s e r vo t r a n s f e r f u n c t i o n The open-loop transfer function, H s (iω) for the axial and radial tracking servos is given by equation (1), 3iω ω0 1 ⎛ω ⎞ Hs (iω ) = × ⎜ 0 ⎟ × iω 3 ⎝ iω ⎠ 1+ 3ω 0 2

where:

(1)

i = − 1 , ω = 2π f and ω0 = 2π f0

and f0 is the 0 dB crossover frequency of the open-loop transfer function. The crossover frequencies of the lead-lag network of the servo are lead break frequency:

f1 = f0 / 3

lag break frequency:

f2 = f0 × 3

Another frequency of importance is the frequency fX at which a sinusoidal displacement with an amplitude equal to the maximum allowed residual tracking error e max, corresponds to the maximum expected acceleration αmax. This frequency can be calculated as follows: fX =

1 α max 2π emax

Because the tracking error signals from the disk can have rather large variations, the tracking error signal fed into each reference servo loop shall be adjusted to a fixed level (effectively calibrating the total loop gain), such to guarantee the specified bandwidth.

- 10 -

9.8.2

R e f e r e n c e S e r vo f o r A x i a l T r a c k i n g The crossover frequency of the normalized servo transfer function (Hs ) for axial tracking, f0 = ω0 / (2π) shall be given by equation (2), where αmax is the maximum expected axial acceleration of 8,0 m/s 2, which is multiplied by a factor m = 1,5 for servo margin. The tracking error e max, caused by this m× αmax, shall be 0,20 μm. Thus the crossover frequency f0 shall be given by f0 =

1 3 × m × α max 1 3 × 1,5 × 8 = 2,1 kHz = 2π emax 2π 0,20 × 10 − 6

(2)

For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for axial tracking, ⏐1+H⏐ is limited as schematically shown by the shaded region of Figure 4. Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be within 20 % of ⏐1+H s ⏐. Bandwidth from 26 Hz to 100 Hz | 1+H | shall be within the limits enclosed by the following four points. 1) 41,7 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz – 20 %) 2) 45,2 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz + 20 %) 3) 65,1 dB at 26 Hz

(⏐1+H s ⏐ at 26 Hz – 20 %)

4) 85,1 dB at 26 Hz

(⏐1+H s ⏐ at 26 Hz – 20 % + 20 dB)

Bandwidth from 9,5 Hz to 26 Hz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be between 65,1 dB and 85,1 dB.

Gain (dB) 85,1 80 65,1 60 45,2 41,7

0 -10

9,5

100

1000

10000

100000

Frequency (Hz) Figure 4 — Reference servo for axial tracking

- 11 -

9.8.3

R e f e r e n c e S e r vo f o r R a d i a l T r a c k i n g The crossover frequency of the normalized servo transfer function (H s ) for radial tracking, f0 = ω0 / (2π) shall be given by equation (3), where αmax is the maximum expected radial acceleration of 1,1 m/s 2 , which is multiplied by a factor m = 1,5 for servo margin. The tracking error e max, caused by this m× αmax, shall be 0,022 μm. Thus the crossover frequency f0 shall be given by f0 =

1 3 × m × αmax 1 3 × 1,5 × 1,1 = 2,4 kHz = 2π emax 2π 0,022 × 10 − 6

(3)

For an open loop transfer function H of the Reference Servo for radial tracking, ⏐1+H⏐ is limited as schematically shown by the shaded region of Figure 5. Bandwidth from 100 Hz to 10 kHz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be within 20 % of⏐1+H s ⏐. Bandwidth from 28,2 Hz to 100 Hz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be within the limits enclosed by the following four points. 1) 43,7 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz – 20 %) 2) 47,2 dB at 100 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 100 Hz + 20 %) 3) 65,6 dB at 28,2 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 28,2 Hz – 20 %) 4) 85,6 dB at 28,2 Hz (⏐1+H s ⏐ at 28,2 Hz – 20 % + 20 dB) Bandwidth from 9,5 Hz to 28,2 Hz ⏐1+H⏐ shall be between 65,6 dB and 85,6 dB.

Gain (dB) 85,6 80 65,6 60 47,2 43,7

0 -10

9,5

28,2

100

1000

10000

100000

Frequency (Hz) Figure 5 - Reference servo for radial tracking

- 12 -

Section 2 — Dimensional, mechanical and physical characteristics of the disk 10

Dimensional characteristics Dimensional characteristics are specified for those parameters deemed mandatory for interchange and compatible use of the disk. Where there is freedom of design, only the functional characteristics of the elements described are indicated. The enclosed drawing, Figure 6 shows the dimensional requirements in summarized form. The different parts of the disk are described from the centre hole to the outside rim. d1 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 View B 1st transition area 2nd transition area Clamping zone 3 rd transition area Information Zone Rim area

d6 d5 d4 d3 d2

View A

h3 h4 e2 View A - Transition areas and Clamping zone d1 h7

d7 Q

View B - Rim area Figure 6 — Physical disk dimensions - 13 -

10.1

Reference Planes The dimensions are referred to two Reference Planes P and Q. Reference Plane P is the primary Reference Plane. It is the plane on which the bottom surface of the Clamping Zone rests (see 10.5). Reference Plane Q is the plane parallel to Reference Plane P at the height of the top surface of the Clamping Zone (see Figure 6).

10.2

Overall dimensions The disk shall have an overall diameter (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) d 1 = 120,00 mm ± 0,30 mm The centre hole of a substrate or a dummy substrate shall have a diameter (see Figure 7). dsubstrate = 15,00 mm

+0,15 mm −0,00 mm

The hole of an assembled disk, i.e. with both parts bonded together, shall have a diameter d 2 = 15,00 mm min.

dsubstrate

Figure 7 — Hole diameters for an assembled disk

The corners of the centre hole shall be free of any burrs or sharp features and shall be rounded off or chamfered by h 5 = 0,1 mm max. The thickness of the disk shall be e1 = 1,20 mm

10.3

+0,30 mm −0,06 mm

First transition area In the area defined by d 2 and d 3 = 16,0 mm min. the surface of the disk is permitted to be above Reference Plane P and/or below Reference Plane Q by 0,10 mm max.

- 14 -

10.4

Second transition area This area shall extend between diameter d 3 and diameter d 4 = 22,0 mm max. In this area the disk may have an uneven surface or burrs up to 0,05 mm max. beyond Reference Planes P and/or Q.

10.5

Clamping Zone This Zone shall extend between diameter d 4 and diameter d 5 = 33,0 mm min. Each side of the Clamping Zone shall be flat within 0,1 mm. The top side of the Clamping Zone, i.e. that of Reference Plane Q shall be parallel to the bottom side, i.e. that of Reference Plane P within 0,1 mm. In the Clamping Zone the thickness e 2 of the disk shall be e2 = 1,20 mm

10.6

+0,20 mm −0,10 mm

Third transition area This area shall extend between diameter d 5 and diameter d 6 = 44,0 mm max. In this area the top surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane Q by h 1 = 0,25 mm max. or below Reference Plane Q by h 2 = 0,10 mm max. The bottom surface is permitted to be above Reference Plane P by h 3 = 0,10 mm max. or below Reference Plane P by h 4 = 0,25 mm max.

10.7

Information Zone The Information Zone shall extend from diameter d 6 to diameter d 7 = 117,5 mm min. (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) This Zone consists of the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone, and the Lead-out Zone.

10.8

Rim area The rim area is that area extending from diameter d 7 to diameter d 1 . In this area the surfaces are permitted to both extend beyond Reference Plane Q or Reference Plane P h 6 = 0,1 mm max. The outer corners of the disk shall be free of any burrs or sharp features and shall be rounded off or chamfered by h 7 = 0,2 mm max.

- 15 -

10.9

Remark on tolerances All heights specified in the preceding clauses and indicated by h i are independent from each other. This means that, for example, if the top surface of the third transition area is below Reference Plane Q by up to h 2 , there is no implication that the bottom surface of this area has to be above Reference Plane P by up to h 3 . Where dimensions have the same - generally maximum - numerical value, this does not imply that the actual values have to be identical.

11 11.1

Mechanical characteristics Mass The mass of the disk shall be in the range of 13,0 g to 20,0 g (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) .

11.2

Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,040 g .m2 (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

11.3

Dynamic imbalance The dynamic imbalance of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 2,5 g.mm (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

11.4

Axial runout When measured by the optical system with the Reference Servo for axial tracking, the disk rotating at the Reference velocity of 3,49 m/s (see 9.5), the deviation of the recording layer from its nominal position in the direction normal to the Reference Planes shall not exceed 0,30 mm. The residual tracking error below 10 kHz, measured on the blank disk using the Reference Servo for axial tracking, shall not exceed 0,13 μm (displacement of the objective lens needed to move the focal point of the optical beam onto the recording layer). The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, fc (-3 dB): 10 kHz, with slope: -80 dB/decade.

11.5

Radial runout The runout of the outer edge of the disk shall not exceed 0,30 mm peak-to-peak. The radial runout of tracks shall not exceed 70 μm peak-to-peak. The residual tracking error below 1,1 kHz (= ƒ X as defined in 9.8.1), measured on the blank disk using the Reference Servo for radial tracking and the disk rotating at the Reference velocity of 3,49 m/s (see 9.5), shall not exceed 0,015 μm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth LPF, fc (-3 dB): 1,1 kHz, with slope: -80 dB/decade. The rms noise value of the residual error signal in the frequency band from 1,1 kHz to 10 kHz, measured with an integration time of 20 ms, using the Reference Servo for radial tracking, shall not exceed 0,016 μm. The measuring filter shall be a Butterworth BPF, frequency range (-3 dB) : to :

1,1 kHz, with slope: +80 dB/decade 10 kHz, with slope: -80 dB/decade.

- 16 -

12 12.1

Optical characteristics in the Information Zone Index of refraction The index of refraction of the substrate in the Information Zone shall be 1,55 ± 0,10.

12.2

Thickness of the substrate The thickness of the substrate, from the entrance surface to the recording layer, varies with the index of refraction of the substrate and shall be defined as the enclosed region in Figure 8.

Thickness (mm)

(1,45; 0,633) (1,56; 0,620)

0,620

(1,65; 0,620)

0,600 (1,45; 0,593)

0,580

(1,65; 0,580)

(1,56; 0,580)

1,40

1,50

1,60

1,70 Index of refraction

Figure 8 — Thickness of the substrate

12.3

Reflectivity The double-pass optical transmission of the substrate and the reflectivity of the recording layer are measured together as the reflectance R of the disk. When measured according to Annex C the value of R shall be in the Information Zone

12.4

0,18 ≤ R d ≤ 0,30 in the unrecorded groove 0,18 ≤ R 14H ≤ 0,30 in the recorded groove

Birefringence The birefringence of the substrate shall not exceed 60 nm when measured according to Annex D.

- 17 -

12.5

Angular deviation The angular deviation is the angle α between a parallel incident beam perpendicular to the Reference Plane P and the reflected beam (see Figure 9). The incident beam shall have a diameter in the range 0,30 mm to 3,0 mm. This angle α includes deflection due to the entrance surface and to the unparallelism of the recording layer with the entrance surface. Substrate Recording layer

Entrance surface

α Reflected beam

P Incident beam

Figure 9 — Angular deviation

The angular deviation shall be In radial direction:

| α| = 0,70° max.

The variation of α in radial direction over one revolution shall be 0,80° peak-to-peak max. In tangential direction:

| α| = 0,30° max.

- 18 -

Section 3 — Format of information 13

Data format The data received from the host, called Main Data, is formatted in a number of steps before being recorded on the disk. It is transformed successively into − a Data Frame, − a Scrambled Frame, − an ECC Block, − 16 Recording Frames, − 16 Physical Sectors, − a Recording Unit. These steps are specified in the following clauses.

13.1

Data Frames A Data Frame shall consist of 2 064 bytes arranged in an array of 12 rows each containing 172 bytes (Figure 10). The first row shall start with three fields, called Identification Data (ID), ID Error Detection Code (IED), and RSV bytes, followed by 160 Main Data bytes. The next 10 rows shall each contain 172 Main Data bytes, and the last row shall contain 168 Main Data bytes followed by four bytes for recording an Error Detection Code (EDC). The 2 048 Main Data bytes are identified as D 0 to D 2 047 . ←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 172 bytes ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→

↑ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ 12 rows ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ↓

4 bytes

2 bytes

6 bytyes

IED

RSV

Main data 160 bytes (D0 - D 159 )

Main data 172 bytes (D 160 - D 331 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 332 - D 503 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 504 - D 675 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 676 - D 847 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 848 - D 1 019 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 020 - D 1 191 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 192 - D 1 363 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 364 - D 1 535 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 536 - D 1 707 ) Main data 172 bytes (D 1 708 - D 1 879 ) Main data 168 bytes (D 1 880 - D 2 047 )

EDC 4 bytes

Figure 10 — Data Frame

- 19 -

13.1.1

Identification Data (ID) This field shall consist of four bytes, the bits of which are numbered consecutively from b 0 (lsb) to b 31 (msb), see Figure 11. (msb) b 31

b 0 (lsb)

b 24 b 23

Sector Information

Physical Sector Number

b 31

b 30

b 29

b 28

Sector format type

Tracking method

Reflectivity

Reserved

b 27

b 26 Zone type

b 25

b 24

Data type

Layer number

Figure 11 — Identification Data (ID)

The bits of the most significant byte, the Sector Information, shall be set as follows: Bit b 31 Bit b 30 Bit b 29 Bit b 28 Bits b 27 to b 26

Bit b 25 Bit b 24

shall be set to ZERO, indicating a CLD format shall be set to ONE, indicating groove tracking (see Clause 14) shall be set to ONE indicating that the reflectance is less than 40 % shall be set to ZERO shall be set to ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone ZERO ONE in the Lead-in Zone ONE ZERO in the Lead-out Zone shall be set to ONE, indicating Rewritable data shall be set to ZERO, indicating that through an entrance surface only one recording layer can be accessed.

The least significant three bytes, bits b 23 to b 0 , shall specify the Physical Sector Number in binary notation. The Physical Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of an ECC Block shall be an integer multiple of 16. 13.1.2

ID Error Detection Code (IED) When identifying all bytes of the array shown in Figure 10 as C i,j for i = 0 to 11 and j = 0 to 171, the bytes of IED are represented by C 0, j for j = 4 to 5. Their setting is obtained as follows. 5

IED( x ) = ∑ C0, j x 5 − j = I( x ) x 2 mod GE ( x ) j =4

where 3

I( x ) = ∑ C0, j x 3 − j j =0

and

G E(x) = (x + 1)(x + α)

α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1 13.1.3

RSV This field shall consist of 6 bytes. The first byte may be set by the application. If not specified by the application, it is reserved and shall be set to (00). The remaining 5 bytes are reserved and shall all be set to (00). Under no circumstance may other data received from the host be recorded in this field. Circumvention : Recorders and recording drives shall be considered as circumvention devices when these are produced to record, or can easily be modified to record, in any manner, a user-defined number in this field. - 20 -

13.1.4

Error Detection Code (EDC) This 4-byte field shall contain the parities of an Error Detection Code computed over the preceding 2 060 bytes of the Data Frame. Considering the Data Frame as a single bit field starting with the most significant bit of the first byte of the ID field and ending with the least significant bit of the EDC field, then this msb will be b 16 511 and the lsb will be b 0. Each bit b i of the EDC is shown as follows for i = 0 to 31: 31

EDC( x ) = ∑ b i x i = I( x ) mod G( x ) i =0

where I( x ) =

16 511

∑ bi x i

and

G(x) = x 32 + x 31 + x 4 + 1

i =32

13.2

Scrambled Frames The 2 048 Main Data bytes shall be scrambled by means of the circuit shown in Figure 12 which shall consist of a feedback bit shift register in which bits r 7 (msb) to r 0 (lsb) represent a scrambling byte at each 8-bit shift.

r14 r13 r12 r11 r10 r9

Sk at each 8-bit shift Figure 12 — Feedback shift register

At the beginning of the scrambling procedure of a Data Frame, positions r 14 to r 0 shall be pre-set to the value(s) specified in Table 1 (the msb of the pre-set value shall be discarded). The same pre-set value shall be used for 16 consecutive Data Frames. After 16 groups of 16 Data Frames, the sequence is repeated. The initial pre-set number is equal to the value represented by bits b7 (msb) to b4 (lsb) of the ID field of the Data Frame. Table 1 specifies the initial pre-set value of the shift register corresponding to the 16 initial pre-set numbers. Table 1 — Initial values of the shift register Initial pre-set number (0) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Initial preset value (0001) (5500) (0002) (2A00) (0004) (5400) (0008) (2800)

Initial pre-set number (8) (9) (A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F)

Initial pre-set value (0010) (5000) (0020) (2001) (0040) (4002) (0080) (0005)

The part of the initial value of r 7 to r 0 is taken out as scrambling byte S0. After that, an 8-bit shift is repeated 2 047 times and the following 2 047 bytes shall be taken from r7 to r 0 as scrambling bytes S1 to S2 047. The Main Data bytes D k of the Data Frame become scrambled bytes D’ k where D’k = D k ⊕ Sk for k = 0 to 2 047 (⊕ stands for Exclusive OR) - 21 -

13.3

ECC Blocks An ECC Block is formed by arranging 16 consecutive Scrambled Frames in an array of 192 rows of 172 bytes each (Figure 13). To each of the 172 columns 16 bytes of Parity of Outer Code are added, then, to each of the resulting 208 rows, 10 bytes of Parity of Inner Code are added. Thus a complete ECC Block comprises 208 rows of 182 bytes each. The bytes of this array are identified as B i,j as follows, where i is the row number and j is the column number. Bi,j for i = 0 to 191 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes from the Scrambled Frames Bi,j for i = 192 to 207 and j = 0 to 171 are bytes of the Parity of Outer Code Bi,j for i = 0 to 207 and j = 172 to 181 are bytes of the Parity of Inner Code PI 10 bytes

172 bytes B0,0 B1,0 B2,0

B0,1 B1,1 B2,1

B0,170 B1,170 B2,170

B0,171 B1,171 B2,171

B0,172 B1,172 B2,172

B0,181 B1,181 B2,181

B189,0 B190,0 B191,0 B192,0

B189,1 B190,1 B191,1 B192,1

B189,170 B190,170 B191,170 B192,170

B189,171 B190,171 B191,171 B192,171

B189,172 B190,172 B191,172 B192,172

B189,181 B190,181 B191,181 B192,181

B207,0

B207,1

B207,170 B207,171 B207,172

B207,181

192 rows

16 rows

Figure 13 — ECC Block

The PO and PI bytes shall be obtained as follows. In each of columns j = 0 to 171, the 16 PO bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial R j (x) to form the outer code RS (208,192,17). R j (x) =

207

∑ Bi,j x 207-i = I j ( x) x16 mod GPO ( x)

i =192

where 191

I j ( x ) = ∑ Bi,j x191- i i =0

and GPO ( x ) = ∏ ( x + αk ) k =0

In each of rows i = 0 to 207, the 10 PI bytes are defined by the remainder polynomial R i (x) to form the inner code RS(182,172,11). Ri ( x ) =

181

∑ Bi,j x181- j = Ii ( x) x10 mod GPI( x)

j =172

where 171

Ii ( x ) = ∑ Bi,j x171- j j =0

and

GPI( x ) = ∏ ( x + αk ) k =0

α is the primitive root of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 8 + x 4 + x 3 + x 2 + 1

- 22 -

13.4

Recording Frames Sixteen Recording Frames shall be obtained by interleaving one of the 16 PO rows at a time after every 12 rows of an ECC Block (Figure 14). This is achieved by re-locating the bytes Bi,j of the ECC Block as Bm,n for m = i + int [i / 12]

and n = j

for i ≤ 191

m = 13 × (i - 191) - 1 and n = j

for i ≥ 192

where int [x] represents the largest integer not greater than x. Thus the 37 856 bytes of an ECC Block are re-arranged into 16 Recording Frames of 2 366 bytes. Each Recording Frame consists of an array of 13 rows of 182 bytes.

182 bytes B0,0 13 rows

B11,0 B192,0 B12,0

13 rows

B23,0 B193,0

...................

B0,171

B0,172

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B11,171 B11,172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B192,171 B192,172 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B12,171 B12,172

. . . . . B0,181

. . . . . B11,181 . . . . . B192,181 . . . . . B12,181

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B23,171 B23,172 . . . . . B23,181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B193,171 B193,172 . . . . . B193,181

Recording Frame 0

Recording Frame 1

Recording Frames 2 - 14

B180,0 13 rows

B191,0 B207,0

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B180,171 B180,172 . . . . . B180,181

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B191,171 B191,172 . . . . . B191,181 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B207,171 B207,172 . . . . . B207,181

Recording Frame 15

Figure 14 — Recording Frames obtained from an ECC Block

13.5

Modulation and NRZI conversion The 8-bit bytes of each Recording Frame shall be transformed into 16-bit Code Words with the run length limitation that between 2 ONEs there shall be at least 2 ZEROs and at most 10 ZEROs (RLL(2,10)). Annex H specifies the conversion tables to be applied. The Main Conversion table and the Substitution table specify a 16-bit Code Word for each 256 8-bit bytes with one of 4 States. For each 8-bit byte, the tables indicate the corresponding Code Word, as well as the State for the next 8-bit byte to be encoded. The 16-bit Code Words shall be NRZI-converted into Channel bits before recording on the disk (see Figure 15). The Channel clock period is the time between 2 consecutive Channel bits. - 23 -

8-bit bytes

modulator

16-bit Code Words

NRZ conversion

Exclusive-OR

T = 1 channel clock period 16-bit Code Word pattern: 0 1 0 0

16 channel bits NRZI converted pulses

1T delay

1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0

NRZ converted signal: NRZI converted pulses: Figure 15 — NRZI conversion

13.6

Physical Sectors The structure of a Physical Sector is shown in Figure 16. It shall consist of 13 rows, each comprising two Sync Frames. A Sync Frame shall consist of a SYNC Code from Table 2 and 1 456 Channel bits representing 91 8-bit bytes. Each row of the Physical Sector shall consist of two Sync Frames with the first 1 456 Channel bits representing the first 91 bytes of each row of a Recording Frame and the second 1 456 Channel bits representing the second 91 bytes of each row of a Recording Frame. ← 32 → ←⎯⎯ 1 456 ⎯⎯→ ← 32 → ←⎯⎯ 1 456 ⎯⎯→ ↑ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐

SY0

SY5

SY1

SY5

SY2

SY5

SY3

SY5

SY4

SY5

SY1

SY6

13 rows ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ⏐ ↓

SY2

SY6

SY3

SY6

SY4

SY6

SY1

SY7

SY2

SY7

SY3

SY7

SY4

SY7

←⎯⎯ Sync Frame ⎯⎯→

Figure 16 — Physical Sector

Recording of the Physical Sector shall start with the first Sync Frame of the first row, followed by the second Sync Frame of that row, and so on, row-by-row. The state of each SYNC Code and each subsequent set of 16 Channel bits shall follow the rules defined in 13.8.

- 24 -

Table 2 — SYNC Codes State 1 and State 2 (next state is state 1) Primary SYNC codes (msb)

Secondary SYNC codes (lsb)

(msb)

(lsb)

SY0 = 0001001001000100 0000000000010001 / 0001001000000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 0000010000000100 0000000000010001 / 0000010001000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 0001000000000100 0000000000010001 / 0001000001000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 0000100000000100 0000000000010001 / 0000100001000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 0010000000000100 0000000000010001 / 0010000001000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 0010001001000100 0000000000010001 / 0010001000000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 0010010010000100 0000000000010001 / 0010000010000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 0010010001000100 0000000000010001 / 0010010000000100 0000000000010001 State 3 and State 4 (next state is state 1) Primary SYNC codes (msb)

Secondary SYNC codes (lsb)

(msb)

(lsb)

SY0 = 1001001000000100 0000000000010001 / 1001001001000100 0000000000010001 SY1 = 1000010001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000010000000100 0000000000010001 SY2 = 1001000001000100 0000000000010001 / 1001000000000100 0000000000010001 SY3 = 1000001001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000001000000100 0000000000010001 SY4 = 1000100001000100 0000000000010001 / 1000100000000100 0000000000010001 SY5 = 1000100100000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000100000100 0000000000010001 SY6 = 1001000010000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000001000100 0000000000010001 SY7 = 1000100010000100 0000000000010001 / 1000000010000100 0000000000010001

13.7

Layout of a Recording UNit (RUN) A RUN shall consist of an integer number (M ≥ 1) of sets of 16 Physical Sectors, each from a single ECC Block. The M ECC Blocks shall be preceded by 8 Channel bits, which are meant to reduce possible influences of inaccuracies of the linking point, while the last 8 Channel bits of the last Physical Sector shall be discarded at recording. The 8 linking Channel bits and the next SYNC Code SY0 (chosen from State 1/2 or State 3/4) shall be chosen randomly, such that the runlength constraints specified in 13.5 are fulfilled. Each RUN of M ECC Blocks (M ≥ 1) starting with ECC Block N shall be recorded in the following way: 8 Channel bits for linking in ECC Block N-1, full ECC Blocks N to N + M – 2 (if M ≥ 2), ECC Block N + M − 1, except for the last 8 Channel bits, which bits shall not be recorded. The positioning of a Recording Unit is shown in Figure 17. When the RUN starting with ECC Block N is to be recorded, and ECC Block N-1 has not yet been recorded, then the RUN shall be extended with a dummy ECC Block N-1 of which all Main Data bytes shall be set to (00).

- 25 -

middle of wobble 15

theoretical start position ±5 T max

actual start position

linking

8 Channel bits

M ECC Blocks

ECC Block last 8 N + M -1 Channel bits

ECC Block N

to be recorded

ECC Block N-1

ECC Block N

to be discarded at recording

ECC Block N+M-1

ECC Block N+M

previous recording (if existent) is overwritten Figure 17 — Recording Unit

13.7.1

Recording Unit position Each ECC Block, consisting of 16 Physical Sectors, shall correspond to 4 ADIP words (see 14.4.1.1). RUNs shall be mapped onto the structure of tracks (see 14.4), such that the Physical Sector Numbers (PSN), of which the 2 least significant bits have been discarded, correspond to the local Physical Address in ADIP (PAA). In mathematical form: PSN = 4×PAA + i, where i = 0, 1, 2, or 3 (for example: Physical Sector Numbers (030000) to (030003) correspond to Physical ADIP Address (00C000)).

The reference for the theoretical start positions is wobble 15 following the ADIP word sync unit of the ADIP words of which the 2 least significant address bits are 00 (see 14.4.1.1 and Figure 21). The theoretical start position is 8 Channel bits after the nominal position of the zero crossing in the middle of the above mentioned wobble 15 of the wobble signal from Read channel 2. The start of each recording shall be within ± 5 Channel bits of the theoretical start position. During writing the Channel bit clock shall be phase locked to the wobble frequency.

13.8

d.c. component suppression control To ensure a reliable radial tracking and a reliable detection of the HF signals, the low frequency content of the stream of Channel bit patterns should be kept as low as possible. In order to achieve this, the Digital Sum Value (DSV, see 4.3) shall be kept as close to zero as possible. At the beginning of the modulation, the DSV shall be set to 0. The different ways of diminishing the current value of the DSV are as follows: a) Choice of SYNC Codes between Primary or Secondary SYNC Codes. b) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 0 to 87, the Substitution table offers an alternative 16-bit Code Word for all States.

- 26 -

c) For the 8-bit bytes in the range 88 to 255, when the prescribed State is 1 or 4, then the 16-bit Code Word can be chosen either from State 1 or from State 4, so as to ensure that the RLL requirement is met. In order to use these possibilities, two data streams, Stream 1 and Stream 2, are generated. Stream 1 shall start with the Primary SYNC Code and Stream 2 with the Secondary SYNC Code of the same category of SYNC Codes. As both streams are modulated individually, they generate a different DSV because of the difference between the bit patterns of the Primary and Secondary SYNC Codes. In the cases b) and c), there are two possibilities to represent a 8-bit byte. The DSV of each stream is computed up to the 8-bit byte preceding the 8-bit byte for which there is this choice. The stream with the lowest ⏐DSV⏐ is selected and duplicated to the other stream. Then, one of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into Stream 1 and the other into Stream 2. This operation is repeated each time case b) or c) occurs. Whilst case b) always occurs at the same pattern position in both streams, case c) may occur in one of the streams and not in the other because, for instance, the next State prescribed by the previous 8-bit byte can be 2 or 3 instead of 1 or 4. In that case the following 3-step procedure shall be applied: 1) Compare the ⏐DSV⏐s of both streams. 2) If the⏐DSV⏐ of the stream in which case c) occurs is smaller than that of the other stream, then the stream in which case c) has occurred is chosen and duplicated to the other stream. One of the representations of the next 8-bit byte is entered into this stream and the other into the other stream. 3) If the⏐DSV⏐ of the stream in which case c) has occurred is larger than that of the other stream, then case c) is ignored and the 8-bit byte is represented according to the prescribed State. In both cases b) and c), if the ⏐DSV⏐s are equal, the decision to choose Stream 1 or Stream 2 is implementation-defined. The procedure for case a) shall be as follows: 1) At the end of each Sync Frame, whether or not case b) and or case c) have occurred, the accumulated DSVs of both streams are compared. The stream with the lower ⏐DSV⏐ is selected and duplicated to the other stream. Then the next Primary SYNC Code and the Secondary SYNC Code of the proper category are inserted each in one of the streams. Optionally the procedure for case a) can be extended in the following way: 2) If the DSV at the end of the resulting Sync Frame is greater than + 63 or smaller than -64, then the SYNC Code at the beginning of the Sync Frame is changed from Primary to Secondary or vice versa. If this yields a smaller ⏐DSV⏐, the change is permanent, if the ⏐DSV⏐ is not smaller, the original SYNC Code is retained. During the DSV computation, the actual values of the DSV may vary between -1 000 and +1 000, thus it is recommended that the count range for the DSV be at least from -1 024 to +1 023.

- 27 -

Track format

14.1

Track shape The area in the Information Zone (see 10.7) shall contain tracks formed from a single spiral groove. Each track shall form a 360° turn of a continuous spiral. The shape of each track is determined by the requirements in Section 5. Recordings shall be made on the groove. The tracks in the Information Zone contain a phase modulated sinusoidal deviation from the nominal centrelines, called wobble, which contains addressing information. The tracks shall be continuous in the Information Zone. The groove tracks shall start at a radius of 22,00 mm max, and end at a radius of 58,75 mm min (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

14.2

Track path The track path shall be a continuous spiral from the inside (beginning of the Lead-in Zone) to the outside (end of the Lead-out Zone) when the disk rotates counter-clockwise as viewed from the optical head.

14.3

Track pitch The track pitch is the distance measured between the average track centrelines of adjacent tracks, measured in the radial direction. The track pitch shall be 0,74 μm ± 0,03 μm. The track pitch averaged over the Information Zone shall be 0,74 μm ± 0,01 μm.

14.4

Track layout The wobble of the tracks is a sinusoidal deviation from the nominal centrelines, with a wavelength of 4,265 6 μm ± 0,045 0 μm (equivalent to 32 Channel bits). The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the oscillator for generating the wobble sine wave shall be ≤ -40 dB. The wobble is phase modulated by inverting wobble cycles. The information contained in the wobble modulation is called Address-in-Pregroove or ADIP (see 14.4.1.1).

14.4.1

ADIP information The data to be recorded onto the disk must be aligned with the ADIP information modulated in the wobble. Therefore 93 wobbles shall correspond to 2 Sync Frames. Of each 93 wobbles, 8 wobbles are phase modulated with ADIP information (see Figure 18).

1 wobble equals 32 Channel bits (= 32T) one ADIP unit = 8 modulated wobbles per 2 Sync Frames 2 Sync Frames ←⎯⎯⎯ 1 488 Channel bits ⎯⎯⎯→

←⎯⎯⎯ 1 488 Channel bits ⎯⎯⎯→

Sync

data

←⎯⎯ 16 wobbles ⎯⎯→

one ADIP unit ← 8 wobbles →

data

←⎯⎯ 16 wobbles ⎯⎯→

←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 85 monotone wobbles ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→

←⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ 93 wobbles ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯→ Figure 18 — General ADIP structure

- 28 -

14.4.1.1 ADIP word structure 52 ADIP units are grouped into one ADIP word each. This means that one ADIP word corresponds to 4 × 13 × 2 Sync Frames ≡ 4 Physical Sectors.

Each ADIP word shall consist of: 1 ADIP sync unit + 51 ADIP data units. ADIP sync unit = 4 inverted wobbles for word sync + 4 monotone wobbles. ADIP data unit = 1 inverted wobble for bit sync + 3 monotone wobbles + 4 wobbles representing one data bit. (see 14.4.1.3) wobble 0 ↑

↑

wobble 4 to 7 ↑

word sync

↑

data unit

bit sync

data bit 1

ADIP

data unit

bit sync

data bit 2

4 Physical

word

Sectors

↓

data unit

bit sync

↓

Block

ADIP words

sync unit

wobble 1 to 3

: data bit 51

ECC

↓

Figure 19 — ADIP word structure

The information contained in the data bits is as follows: bit 1:

this bit is reserved and shall be set to ZERO.

bits 2 to 23 : these 22 bits contain a Physical ADIP Address .

Data bit 2 is the msb and data bit 23 is the lsb. The addresses increase by one for each next ADIP word. The first address in the Information Zone shall be such that Physical ADIP 0,00 Address (00C000) is located at radius 24,00 +− 0,2 0 mm .

Physical ADIP Address (098150), which is the first address corresponding to the Lead-out Zone, shall be located at a radius ≤ 58,00 mm (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). bits 24 to 31 : these 8 bits contain auxiliary information about the disk.

Bit 24 to 31 from 256 consecutive ADIP words, shall form one ADIP Aux Frame with 256 bytes of information. The first byte of each ADIP Aux Frame shall be located in an ADIP word with a Physical ADIP Address that is a multiple of 256 (Physical ADIP Address = (xxxx00)). In the Lead-in Zone of the disk the auxiliary bytes shall be used for storing Physical format information. The contents of the 256 bytes are defined in Table 3 and 14.4.2. In the Data Zone of the disk the auxiliary bytes may be used for storing Extended format information as defined in Annex B. If not used for such purpose all bytes shall be set to (00). In the Lead-out Zone of the disk the auxiliary bytes shall be set to (00). bits 32 to 51 : these 20 bits contain error correction parities for the ADIP information. (see 14.4.1.2)

- 29 -

14.4.1.2 ADIP error correction For the ADIP error correction the ADIP data bits are grouped into 4-bit nibbles. The mapping of the data bits into the nibble array is defined in Figure 20. Bit 0 is a dummy bit, which shall be considered as set to ZERO for the error corrector. ↑

nibble N0

bit 0

bit 1

bit 2

bit 3

nibble N1

bit 4

bit 5

ADIP

nibbles

address

bit 20

bit 23

bit 24

nibble N7

bit 28

nibble N8

bit 32

↓ ↑ 2

AUX

↓ nibbles

data

↑

nibble

bit 31

based

nibbles

R-S

nibble N12

bit 48

bit 49

bit 50

bit 51

↓

ECC

Figure 20 — ADIP error correction structure

A nibble-based RS (13,8,6) code is constructed, of which the 5 parity nibbles N 8 to N 12, are defined by the remainder polynomial R(x): 12

R( x ) = ∑ Ni x12-i = I( x ) x 5 mod GPA ( x ) i =8

where 7

I( x ) = ∑ Ni x 7-i i =0

and

GPA ( x ) = ∏ ( x + αk ) k=0

α is the primitive root 0010 of the primitive polynomial P(x) = x 4 + x + 1 All bits of the 5 parity nibbles N 8 to N 12 shall be inverted before recording.

- 30 -

14.4.1.3 ADIP modulation rules The ADIP units are modulated by inverting some of the 8 wobble cycles:

− PW is a positive wobble, which shall start moving towards the inside of the disk. − NW is a negative wobble, which shall start moving towards the outside of the disk. − all monotone wobbles shall be PWs. Modulation of the ADIP word sync: ADIP sync unit

wobble wobble 92 0

4 NW

4 PW

Modulation of an ADIP ZERO bit: ADIP data unit with data set to ZERO

wobble wobble 92 0

1 NW

3 PW

5 2 PW

2 NW

Modulation of an ADIP ONE bit: ADIP data unit with data set to ONE

wobble wobble 92 0 1 NW

3 PW

5 2 NW

Figure 21 — ADIP modulation rules

- 31 -

6 2 PW

14.4.2

P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n i n A D I P This information shall comprise the 256 bytes shown in Table 3. It contains disk information and values for the write strategy parameters to be used with the Optimum Power Control (OPC) algorithm to determine optimum laser power levels for writing (see Annex G and Annex I). The information is copied to the Control Data Zone (see 17.11.1) during initialization of the disk.

Table 3 — Physical format information Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

Disk Category and Version Number

Disk size

Disk structure

Recording density

4 to 15

Data Zone allocation

General Flag bits

Disk Application Code

Extended Information Indicators

19 to 26

Disk Manufacturer ID

27 to 29

Media Type ID

Product revision number

number of Physical format information bytes in use in ADIP up to byte 63

Recording velocity range for the basic write strategy

Maximum read power at Reference velocity

PIND at Reference velocity

ρ at Reference velocity

ε1 at Reference velocity

ε2 at Reference velocity

γtarget at Reference velocity

Maximum read power at Upper velocity

PIND at Upper velocity

ρ at Upper velocity

ε1 at Upper velocity

ε2 at Upper velocity

γtarget at Upper velocity

Maximum read power at Intermediate velocity

PIND at Intermediate velocity

ρ at Intermediate velocity

ε1 at Intermediate velocity

ε2 at Intermediate velocity

γtarget at Intermediate velocity

Ttop first pulse duration

Tmp multi pulse duration

dTtop first pulse lead time

dTera erase lead time at Reference velocity

- 32 -

Table 3 — Physical format information (concluded) Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

dTera erase lead time at Upper velocity

dTera erase lead time at Intermediate velocity

57 to 63

Reserved – All (00)

64 to 95

Extended Information block 0

96 to 127

Extended Information block 1

128 to 159

Extended Information block 2

160 to 191

Extended Information block 3

192 to 223

Extended Information block 4

224 to 255

Extended Information block 5

This version of this document specifies two types of disks, with different recording velocity ranges. The specific write parameters for each recording velocity range shall be specified in separate blocks (EI blocks, see 14.4.2.3). The following types of disks (characterized by the so-called X-speed) have now been defined and their ADIP shall contain the EI Blocks as indicated in Table 4. T a b l e 4 — T yp e s o f d i s k s

type of disk

“2,4x”

“4x”

4x write strategy EI block format 1 (1,6x ~ 4x speed)

basic write strategy bytes 32 to 63 (1x ~ 2,4x speed)

remarks

−

this disk shall be suited for recording speeds between 3,49 & 8,44 m/s only

this disk shall be suited for recording speeds between 3,49 & 8,44 m/s and between 5,77 & 13,95 m/s

− shall not be used (both write strategies support recording in full CAV mode)

+ shall be present

1 4 . 4 . 2 . 1 G e n e r a l i n f o r m a t i o n – B yt e s 0 t o 3 1 Byte 0 - Disk Category and Version Number

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall specify the Disk Category, bit b 7 shall be set to 1 indicating a disk according to the +R/+RW Format (see Clause 3), bit b 6 shall be set to 0 indicating a single layer disk, bits b 5 and b 4 shall be set to 01 indicating a +RW disk.

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the Version Number, they shall be set to 0010 indicating this Ecma Standard. This Version Number identifies amongst others the definitions of the data in bytes 32 to 63. Drives not acquainted with the specific Version Number of a disk should not try to record on that disk using the information in bytes 32 to 63, which bytes contain the basic write strategy parameters (see Annex O).

NOTE Version number 0000 can be used for identification of test disks. Such test disks might not contain the correct Physical format information in their ADIP Aux Frames. - 33 -

Byte 1 - Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall specify the disk size, they shall be set to 0000, indicating a 120 mm disk (for 80 mm disk see Annex A)

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the maximum read transfer rate, they shall be set to 1111 indicating no maximum read transfer rate is specified

Byte 2 - Disk structure

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall be set to 0000

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the type of the recording layer(s): they shall be set to 0100, indicating a rewritable recording layer.

Byte 3 - Recording density

Bits b 7 to b 4

shall specify the average Channel bit length in the Information Zone, they shall be set to 0000, indicating 0,133 μm

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the average track pitch, they shall be set to 0000, indicating an average track pitch of 0,74 μm

Bytes 4 to 15 - Data Zone allocation

Byte 4

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 5 to 7

shall be set to (030000) to specify PSN 196 608 of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone

Byte 8

shall be set to (00).

Bytes 9 to 11

shall be set to (26053F) to specify PSN 2 491 711 as the last possible Physical Sector of the Data Zone (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

Bytes 12 to 15 shall be set to (00) Byte 16 – General Flag bits

Bit b 7

shall be set to ZERO

Bit b 6

shall specify if the disk contains Extended format information in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone related to the VCPS copy protection system, shall be set to 0, indicating no Extended format information for VCPS is present, shall be set to 1, indicating the Data Zone contains Extended format information for VCPS as defined in Annex B and the VCPS System Description (see Annex N).

Bit b 5

is reserved for use in the Control Data Zone and shall be set to ZERO

Bits b 4 to b 0

are reserved and shall be set to 0 0000

Byte 17 – Disk Application Code

This byte can identify disks that are restricted to be used for special applications only. Drives not able to identify the particular application related to a specific Disk Application Code or not able to act according to the rules as defined for this particular application are not allowed to write on a disk with such a code. (00) identifies a disk for General Purpose use (no restrictions, all drives are allowed to write on a disk carrying this code), all other codes are reserved.

- 34 -

Byte 18 – Extended Information indicators

Bits b 7 to b 6

are reserved and shall be set to 00

Bits b 5 to b 0

each of these bits shall indicate the presence of an Extended Information block. Bit b i shall be set to 1 if Extended Information block i, consisting of bytes (64 + i×32) to (95 + i×32), is in use. Else bit b i shall be set to 0.

Bytes 19 to 26 – Disk Manufacturer ID

These 8 bytes shall identify the manufacturer of the disk. This name shall be represented by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). If the Disk Manufacturer ID is not used, these 8 bytes shall be set to (00) Bytes 27 to 29 – Media Type ID

Disk manufacturers can have different types of media, which shall be specified by these 3 bytes. The specific type of disk is denoted in this field by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). If the Media Type ID is not used, these 3 bytes shall be set to (00) NOTE If bytes 19 to 29 are used for disk identification, disks with different characteristics shall be identified by different and unique combinations of Disk Manufacturer ID / Media Type ID. Therefore the contents of bytes 19 to 29 shall be approved by the licensors of the +RW system.

Byte 30 – Product revision number

This byte shall identify the product revision number in binary notation. All disks with the same Disk Manufacturer ID and the same Media Type ID, regardless of Product revision numbers, must have the same recording properties (only minor differences are allowed: Product revision numbers shall be irrelevant for recorders). The content of this byte can be chosen freely by the disk manufacturer. If not used this byte shall be set to (00) Byte 31 – number of Physical format information bytes in use in ADIP up to byte 63

This byte forms one 8-bit binary number indicating the number of bytes actually in use for the basic Physical format information (in bytes 0 to 63). It shall be set to (39) indicating that only the first 57 bytes of the Physical format information are used. 1 4 . 4 . 2 . 2 B a s i c w r i t e s t r a t e g y p a r a m e t e r s – B yt e s 3 2 t o 6 3 Byte 32 - Recording velocity range for the basic write strategy

This byte indicates the recording speed range of the disk for the basic write strategy parameters as defined in bytes 33 to 63 in this Physical format information, as a number n such that n = 10 × vref (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (23) indicating a linear velocity range for writing from 3,49 m/s (the Reference velocity) to 8,44 m/s allowing for CAV. The Reference velocity is 3,49 m/s. The Intermediate velocity is 5,95 m/s. The Upper velocity is 8,44 m/s. Byte 33 - Maximum read power, Pr at Reference velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at the Reference velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) - 35 -

Byte 34 - PIND at Reference velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Ptarget used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Ptarget in milliwatts at the Reference velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (PIND - 5) Byte 35 - ρ at Reference velocity

This byte shall specify the write power multiplication factor ρ at the Reference velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × ρ Byte 36 - ε 1 at Reference velocity

This byte shall specify the Erase/Write power ratio ε1 at the Reference velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε1 Byte 37 - ε 2 at Reference velocity

This byte shall specify the Cooling/Write power ratio ε2 at the Reference velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε2 Byte 38 - γ target at Reference velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for γ, γ target at the Reference velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 20 × γ target Byte 39 - Maximum read power at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at the Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 40 - PIND at Upper velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Ptarget used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I. This byte shall specify the indicative value PIND of Ptarget in milliwatts at the Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (PIND - 5) Byte 41 - ρ at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the write power multiplication factor ρ at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × ρ Byte 42 - ε 1 at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the Erase/Write power ratio ε1 at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε1

- 36 -

Byte 43 - ε 2 at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the Cooling/Write power ratio ε2 at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε2 Byte 44 - γ target at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for γ, γ target at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 20 × γ target Byte 45 - Maximum read power at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at the Intermediate velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 46 - PIND at Intermediate velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Ptarget used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Ptarget in milliwatts at the Intermediate velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (PIND - 5) Byte 47 - ρ at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the write power multiplication factor ρ at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × ρ Byte 48 - ε 1 at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the Erase/Write power ratio ε1 at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε1 Byte 49 - ε 2 at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the Cooling/Write power ratio ε2 at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε2 Byte 50 - γ target at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for γ, γ target at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 20 × γ target Byte 51 – T top first pulse duration

This byte shall specify the duration of the first pulse of the multi pulse train for recording (see Annex G). The first pulse duration consists of two contributions: a variable part and a fixed part (T top = Ttop,var + Ttop,fix). Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the variable part as a fraction of the Channel bit clock period. Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall specify the fixed part expressed in nanoseconds (see Table 5). Bit combinations not specified in Table 5 shall not be used. - 37 -

Table 5 — First pulse duration bits 7 to 4

T top,var (T)

bits 3 to 0

T top,fix (ns)

0000

reserved

0001

1/6

0001

0010

2/6

0010

0011 to 1111

reserved

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000 to 1111

reserved

Byte 52 – T mp multi pulse duration

This byte shall specify the duration of the second and higher pulses of the multi pulse train for recording (see Annex G). The multi pulse duration consists of two contributions: a variable part and a fixed part (Tmp = Tmp,var + Tmp,fix). Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the variable part as a fraction of the Channel bit clock period. Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall specify the fixed part expressed in nanoseconds (see Table 6). Bit combinations not specified in Table 6 shall not be used. Table 6 — Multi pulse duration bits 7 to 4

T mp,var (T)

bits 3 to 0

T mp,fix (ns)

0000

reserved

0001

1/6

0001

0010 to 1111

reserved

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110 to 1111

reserved

Byte 53 – dT top first pulse lead time

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the first Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 7). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 7 shall not be used.

- 38 -

Table 7 — First pulse lead-time bits 7 to 4

dT top lead time (T)

0000

0001

1/6

0010

2/6

0011

3/6

0100

4/6

0101 to 1111

reserved

Byte 54 – dT era erase lead time at Reference velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the erase pulse for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the last Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 8). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 8 shall not be used. Byte 55 – dT era erase lead time at Upper velocity

dT era lead time (T)

0000

0001

1/6

0010

2/6

0011

3/6

0100 to 1100

reserved

1101

− 3/6

1110

− 2/6

1111

− 1/6

Bytes 57 to 63 - Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00).

- 39 -

1 4 . 4 . 2 . 3 E x t e n d e d I n f o r m a t i o n b l o c k s – B yt e s ( 6 4 + i × 3 2 ) t o ( 9 5 + i × 3 2 ) (i = 0 to 5)

Extended Information (EI) blocks are meant to facilitate future extensions. Each such block consists of 32 bytes. These bytes can hold for instance parameters for alternative write strategies or other advanced parameters. If a set of parameters does not fit in one Extended Information block, additional continuation blocks can be added, which additional blocks are identified by a Continuation bit. The presence of an Extended Information block shall be indicated by the appropriate bit in byte 18. If an Extended Information block is not used, all 32 bytes shall be set to (00). Byte (64 + i× 32) Extended Information block i Format number / Continuation bit Bits b 6 to b 0 indicate the Format number which identifies the definitions of the data in bytes (65 + i×32) to (95 + i×32).

If bit b 7 is set to ONE, the related Extended Information block is not an independent block but a continuation of the preceding Extended Information block. The Format number in a continuation block shall be the same as the Format number in the preceding Extended Information block. A disk can have several Extended Information blocks. The contents of blocks with different Format numbers have to be interpreted each according to their respective definitions. The contents of blocks with the same Format number are interpreted in the same way; the parameters specified in these blocks however can have different values. Drives not acquainted with the specific Format number in block i, should not use the parameters in this Extended Information block (see Annex O). NOTE The contents of an EI block are identified by the Format number of the block only. The position of the EI block in the ADIP Aux Frame is irrelevant for this, so an EI block with Format number n could be allocated at any position i. Therefore drives should always check the Format numbers in the EI blocks to be sure that the write strategies are correctly interpreted.

Bytes (65 + i× 32) to (95 + i× 32) Each parameter set defined for these bytes shall be identified by a unique Format number. 14.4.2.3.1 Extended Information for the “4x” write strategy This Extended Information block specifies the parameters for a write strategy usable at speeds ranging from 5,77 m/s up to 13,95 m/s, which is equivalent to 1,66x up to 4x the basic DVD speed (3,49 m/s). This range allows for CAV recording at about 2300 rpm. NOTE This speed range is overlapping with the range indicated for the basic write strategy.

For optimum results, some parameters are defined at three different speeds: − − −

the Lower velocity, which shall be 5,77 m/s, the Intermediate velocity, which shall be 9,86 m/s and the Upper velocity, which shall be 13,95 m/s.

If a disk can not be recorded under these “4x” conditions, this EI block shall not be used (all bytes set to (00) and related Extended Information indicator bit set to ZERO). Byte 18 – Extended Information indicators

This byte shall be set to xxxx xxx1 indicating Extended Information block 0 is in use.

- 40 -

Table 9 — Extended Information block 0 Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

Continuation bit / Format number

Reserved - set to (00)

Lower recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

Maximum read power at Lower velocity

PIND at Lower velocity

ρ at Lower velocity

ε1 at Lower velocity

ε2 at Lower velocity

γtarget at Lower velocity

Maximum read power at Upper velocity

PIND at Upper velocity

ρ at Upper velocity

ε1 at Upper velocity

ε2 at Upper velocity

γtarget at Upper velocity

Maximum read power at Intermediate velocity

PIND at Intermediate velocity

ρ at Intermediate velocity

ε1 at Intermediate velocity

ε2 at Intermediate velocity

γtarget at Intermediate velocity

Ttop first pulse duration

Tmp multi pulse duration

dTtop first pulse lead time at Lower velocity

dTtop first pulse lead time at Upper velocity

dTtop first pulse lead time at Intermediate velocity

dTera erase lead time at Lower velocity

dTera erase lead time at Upper velocity

dTera erase lead time at Intermediate velocity

94 to 95

Reserved - All (00)

Byte 64 - Extended Information block 0 Continuation bit / Format number

This byte shall be set to 0000 0001 indicating Format 1 and this block not being a continuation block, for which bytes 65 to 95 have the following meaning: Byte 65 - Reserved

This byte is reserved and shall be set to (00)

- 41 -

Byte 66 – Lower recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

This byte indicates the lowest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in this EI block. This recording velocity shall be specified as a number n such that n = 4 × vLower,EI 0 (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (17) indicating a Lower writing speed of about 5,75 m/s (1,66x). Byte 67 – Upper recording velocity for the parameter set in this EI block

This byte indicates the highest recording velocity of the disk for the parameters as defined in this EI block. This recording velocity shall be specified as a number n such that n = 4 × vUpper,EI 0 (n rounded off to an integral value) It shall be set to (38) indicating an Upper writing speed of about 14 m/s (4x). Byte 68 - Maximum read power, Pr at Lower velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at the Lower velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 69 - PIND at Lower velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Ptarget used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Ptarget in milliwatts at the Lower velocity as a number n such that n = 5 × (PIND - 5) Byte 70 - ρ at Lower velocity

This byte shall specify the write power multiplication factor ρ at the Lower velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × ρ Byte 71 - ε 1 at Lower velocity

This byte shall specify the Erase/Write power ratio ε1 at the Lower velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε1 Byte 72 - ε 2 at Lower velocity

This byte shall specify the Cooling/Write power ratio ε2 at the Lower velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε2 Byte 73 - γ target at Lower velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for γ, γ target at the Lower velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 20 × γ target Byte 74 - Maximum read power, Pr at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at the Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) - 42 -

Byte 75 - PIND at Upper velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Ptarget used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Ptarget in milliwatts at the Upper velocity as a number n such that n = 5 × (PIND - 5) Byte 76 - ρ at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the write power multiplication factor ρ at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × ρ Byte 77 - ε 1 at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the Erase/Write power ratio ε1 at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε1 Byte 78 - ε 2 at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the Cooling/Write power ratio ε2 at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε2 Byte 79 - γ target at Upper velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for γ, γ target at the Upper velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 20 × γ target Byte 80 - Maximum read power, Pr at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the maximum read power Pr in milliwatts at the Intermediate velocity as a number n such that n = 20 × (Pr – 0,7) Byte 81 - PIND at Intermediate velocity

PIND is the starting value for the determination of Ptarget used in the OPC algorithm, see Annex I. This byte shall specify the indicative value P IND of Ptarget in milliwatts at the Intermediate velocity as a number n such that n = 5 × (PIND - 5) Byte 82 - ρ at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the write power multiplication factor ρ at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 100 × ρ Byte 83 - ε 1 at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the Erase/Write power ratio ε1 at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε1

- 43 -

Byte 84 - ε 2 at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the Cooling/Write power ratio ε2 at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 200 × ε2 Byte 85 - γ target at Intermediate velocity

This byte shall specify the target value for γ, γ target at the Intermediate velocity used in the OPC algorithm (see Annex I) as a number n such that n = 20 × γ target Byte 86 – T top first pulse duration

This byte shall specify the duration of the first pulse of the multi pulse train for recording (see Annex G). The first pulse duration consists of two contributions: a variable part and a fixed part (Ttop = Ttop,var + Ttop,fix). Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the variable part as a fraction of the Channel bit clock period. Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall specify the fixed part expressed in nanoseconds (see Table 10). Bit combinations not specified in Table 10 shall not be used. Table 10 — First pulse duration bits 7 to 4

T top,var (T)

bits 3 to 0

T top,fix (ns)

0000

reserved

0001

1/16

0001

0,6

0010

2/16

0010

1,2

0011

3/16

0011

1,8

0100

4/16

0100

2,4

0101

5/16

0101

3,0

0110

6/16

0110

3,6

0111

7/16

0111

4,2

1000

8/16

1000

4,8

1001 to 1111

reserved

1001

5,4

1010

6,0

1011

6,6

1100

7,2

1101

7,8

1110

8,4

1111

9,0

- 44 -

Byte 87 – T mp multi pulse duration

This byte shall specify the duration of the second and higher pulses of the multi pulse train for recording (see Annex G). The multi pulse duration consists of two contributions: a variable part and a fixed part (Tmp = Tmp,var + Tmp,fix). Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the variable part as a fraction of the Channel bit clock period. Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall specify the fixed part expressed in nanoseconds (see Table 11). Bit combinations not specified in Table 11 shall not be used. Table 11 — Multi pulse duration bits 7 to 4

T mp,var (T)

bits 3 to 0

T mp,fix (ns)

0000

reserved

0001

1/16

0001

0,6

0010

2/16

0010

1,2

0011

3/16

0011

1,8

0100

4/16

0100

2,4

0101

5/16

0101

3,0

0110

6/16

0110

3,6

0111

7/16

0111

4,2

1000

8/16

1000

4,8

1001 to 1111

reserved

1001

5,4

1010

6,0

1011 to 1111

reserved

Byte 88 – dT top first pulse lead time at Lower velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the first Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 12). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 12 shall not be used. Byte 89 – dT top first pulse lead time at Upper velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the first Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 12). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 12 shall not be used. Byte 90 – dT top first pulse lead time at Intermediate velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the first pulse of the multi pulse train for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the first Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 12). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 12 shall not be used.

- 45 -

Table 12 — First pulse lead-time bits 7 to 4

dT top lead time (T)

0000

0001

1/16

0010

2/16

0011

3/16

0100

4/16

0101

5/16

0110

6/16

0111

7/16

1000 to 1011

reserved

1100

−4/16

1101

−3/16

1110

−2/16

1111

−1/16

Byte 91 – dT era erase lead time at Lower velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the erase pulse for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the last Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 13). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 13 shall not be used. Byte 92 – dT era erase lead time at Upper velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the erase pulse for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the last Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 13). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 13 shall not be used. Byte 93 – dT era erase lead time at Intermediate velocity

Bits 7 to 4 of this byte shall specify the lead time of the erase pulse for recording, relative to the trailing edge of the last Channel bit of the data pulse (see Annex G). The value is expressed as a fraction of the actual Channel bit clock period T (see Table 13). Bits 3 to 0 of this byte shall be set to 0000. Bit combinations not specified in Table 13 shall not be used.

- 46 -

Table 13 — Erase lead-time bits 7 to 4

dT era lead time (T)

0000

4/16

0001

5/16

0010

6/16

0011

7/16

0100

8/16

0101

9/16

0110

10/16

0111

11/16

1000

−4/16

1001

−3/16

1010

−2/16

1011

−1/16

1100

1101

1/16

1110

2/16

1111

3/16

Bytes 94 to 95 - Reserved - All (00)

These bytes shall be set to all (00).

- 47 -

Section 4 — Format of the Information Zone 15

General description of the Information Zone The Information Zone shall contain all information on the disk relevant for data interchange. It shall be divided in three parts: the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone. In double-sided disks there is one Information Zone per side. The Data Zone is intended for the recording of User Data. The Lead-in Zone contains control information and an area for disk and drive testing. The Lead-out Zone allows for a continuous smooth lead-out and also contains control information and a disk and drive test Zone. The Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone and the Lead-out Zone constitute the Rewritable area in which the information is recorded using the Phase change effect.

Layout of the Information Zone The Information Zone of single-sided and of each side of double-sided disks shall be sub-divided as shown in Table 14. The radii indicated in Table 14 for some of the Zones are the nominal values of the centre of the first (or last) track of the Zone. Table 14 — Layout of the Information Zone of a fully formatted disk (for 80 mm disk see Annex A)

Lead-in

Description

Nominal radius in mm

PSN of the first Physical Sector

Number of Physical Sectors

Initial Zone

start 22,000 mm

(01D830)

52 304 nominal

Inner Disk Test Zone

start 23,400 mm

(02A480)

2 048

Inner Drive Test Zone

(02AC80)

12 288

Guard Zone 1

(02DC80)

512

Reserved Zone 1

start 23,782 mm

(02DE80)

4 096

Reserved Zone 2

start 23,886 mm

(02EE80)

Inner Disk Identification Zone

(02EEC0)

256

Reserved Zone 3

(02EFC0)

(02F000)

Buffer Zone 1

(02F020)

480

Control Data Zone

(02F200)

3 072

Buffer Zone 2

(02FE00)

512

Reference Code Zone

Data

Lead-out

start 23,896 mm

Data Zone

start 24,000 mm

(030000)

2 295 104

Buffer Zone 3

start 58,000 mm

(260540)

768

Outer Disk Identification Zone

(260840)

256

Guard Zone 2

(260940)

4 096

(261940)

4 096

Outer Drive Test Zone

(262940)

12 288

Outer Disk Test Zone

(265940)

2 048

(266140)

24 400 nominal

Reserved Zone 4

Guard Zone 3

start 58,053 mm

start 58,246 mm end ≥ 58,500 mm

- 48 -

16.1

Physical Sector Numbers (PSNs) The first Physical Sector of the Data Zone shall have PSN (030000). The PSNs increase by 1 for each next Physical Sector in the whole Information Zone. (Figure 22). Information Zone

Physical Sector Number

Inner Drive Area

Lead-in Zone

Lead-out Outer Zone Drive Area

Data Zone

Address

(02FFFF)

(030000)

Radius

Figure 22 — Physical Sector numbering

Lead-in Zone The Lead-in Zone is the innermost Zone of the Information Zone. It shall consist of the parts shown in Figure 23. The Physical Sector Number of the first and last Physical Sector of each part is indicated in Figure 23 in hexadecimal and decimal notation and the number of Physical Sectors in each part is indicated in decimal notation. A maiden disk does not have any data recorded in the Lead-in Zone. After finalization of the disk, the Lead-in Zone shall be recorded according to 17.1 to 17.12.

17.1

Initial Zone The Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone, when recorded, shall be set to all (00). The recording in the Initial Zone shall start at radius 22,6 mm max. This Ecma Standard does not specify the number of Physical Sectors in the Initial Zone. NOTE The Physical Sector Number of the first Physical Sector of the Data Zone is large enough so as to prevent a Physical Sector Number ≤ 0 to occur in the Initial Zone.

17.2

Inner Disk Test Zone 2 048 Physical Sectors reserved for disk manufacturer testing. This Zone shall be filled with Main Data set to (00).

17.3

Inner Drive Test Zone 12 288 Physical Sectors reserved for drive testing and OPC algorithm. This Zone shall be filled with Main Data set to (00).

17.4

Guard Zone 1 This Guard Zone is used as a protection for separating test writing zones from information zones containing user data. If recorded, this Zone shall be filled with Main Data set to (00). This zone shall contain 512 Physical Sectors.

17.5

Reserved Zone 1 4 096 Physical Sectors (= 256 ECC Blocks) reserved for Defect Management use. If not used all bytes shall be set to (00).

- 49 -

17.6

Reserved Zone 2 64 Physical Sectors reserved for Defect Management use. If not used all bytes shall be set to (00).

Physical Sector 173 183 Physical Sector 173 184 Physical Sector 175 231 Physical Sector 175 232 Physical Sector 187 519 Physical Sector 187 520 Physical Sector 188 031 Physical Sector 188 032 Physical Sector 192 127 Physical Sector 192 128 Physical Sector 192 191 Physical Sector 192 192 Physical Sector 192 447 Physical Sector 192 448 Physical Sector 192 511 Physical Sector 192 512 Physical Sector 192 543 Physical Sector 192 544 Physical Sector 193 023 Physical Sector 193 024 Physical Sector 196 095 Physical Sector 196 096 Physical Sector 196 607 Physical Sector 196 608

Initial Zone all Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Inner Disk Test Zone 2 048 Physical Sectors Inner Drive Test Zone 12 288 Physical Sectors Guard Zone 1 512 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Reserved Zone 1 4 096 Physical Sectors Reserved Zone 2 64 Physical Sectors Inner Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors Reserved Zone 3 64 Physical Sectors Reference Code Zone 32 Physical Sectors Buffer Zone 1 480 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Control Data Zone 3 072 Physical Sectors Buffer Zone 2 512 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector (02A47F) Physical Sector (02A480) Physical Sector (02AC7F) Physical Sector (02AC80) Physical Sector (02DC7F) Physical Sector (02DC80) Physical Sector (02DE7F) Physical Sector (02DE80) Physical Sector (02EE7F) Physical Sector (02EE80) Physical Sector (02EEBF) Physical Sector (02EEC0) Physical Sector (02EFBF) Physical Sector (02EFC0) Physical Sector (02EFFF) Physical Sector (02F000) Physical Sector (02F01F) Physical Sector (02F020) Physical Sector (02F1FF) Physical Sector (02F200) Physical Sector (02FDFF) Physical Sector (02FE00) Physical Sector (02FFFF) Physical Sector (030000)

Data Zone Figure 23 — Lead-in Zone

17.7

Inner Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors reserved for information agreed upon by the data interchange parties. Each set of 16 Physical Sectors from one ECC Block is either a Disk Control Block (DCB) (see Clause 22) or recorded with all (00) Main Data. Each ECC Block in this Zone following one recorded with all (00) Main Data shall also be recorded with all (00) Main Data.

17.8

Reserved Zone 3 64 Physical Sectors reserved for Defect Management use. If not used all bytes shall be set to (00).

- 50 -

17.9

Reference Code Zone The recorded Reference Code Zone shall consist of the 32 Physical Sectors from two ECC Blocks which generate a specific Channel bit pattern on the disk. This shall be achieved by setting to (AC) all 2 048 Main Data bytes of each corresponding Data Frame. Moreover, no scrambling shall be applied to these Data Frames, except to the first 160 Main Data bytes of the first Data Frame of each ECC Block.

17.10 Buffer Zone 1 This Zone shall consist of 480 Physical Sectors from 30 ECC Blocks. The Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone shall be set to all (00).

17.11 Control Data Zone This Zone shall consist of 3 072 Physical Sectors from 192 ECC Blocks. The content of the 16 Physical Sectors of each ECC Block is repeated 192 times, unless specified otherwise. The structure of a Control Data Block shall be as shown in Figure 24. Physical format information 2 048 bytes Disk manufacturing information 2 048 bytes

Content provider information 14 × 2 048 bytes Figure 24 — Structure of a Control Data Block

1 7 . 1 1 . 1 P h ys i c a l f o r m a t i n f o r m a t i o n This information shall comprise the 2 048 bytes shown in Table 15. It contains disk and format information.

Table 15 — Physical format information Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

Disk Category and Version Number

Disk size

Disk structure

Recording density

4 to 15

Data Zone allocation

General Flag bits

Disk Application Code

Extended Information Indicators

19 to 26

Disk Manufacturer ID

27 to 29

Media Type ID

Product revision number

- 51 -

Table 15 — Physical format information (concluded) Byte number

Content

Number of bytes

number of Physical format information bytes in use in ADIP up to byte 63

32 to 63

Basic write strategy parameters

64 to 95

Extended Information block 0

96 to 127

Extended Information block 1

128 to 159

Extended Information block 2

160 to 191

Extended Information block 3

192 to 223

Extended Information block 4

224 to 255

Extended Information block 5

256 to 2 047

Reserved - All (00)

1 792

The information in bytes 0 to 255 are copied from the ADIP auxiliary data during initialization of the disk and may be modified during use to reflect the actual status of the disk (e.g. the actual end of the Data Zone). All 256 bytes have the same definitions and shall have the same contents as the Physical format information defined in Table 3 and 14.4.2, except the following bytes: Byte 1 - Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b 4

same as 14.4.2

Bits b 3 to b 0

shall specify the maximum read transfer rate. These bits may be set to one of the following values (depending on the maximum read-out speed needed by the application): 0000: specify a maximum transfer rate of 2,52 Mbits/s (See note at 27.3) 0001: specify a maximum transfer rate of 5,04 Mbits/s (See note at 27.3) 0010: specify a maximum transfer rate of 10,08 Mbits/s 1111: specify no maximum transfer rate is specified. All other combinations are reserved and shall not be used.

Bytes 4 to 15 - Data Zone allocation

Bytes 4 to 8

same as 14.4.2

Bytes 9 to 11

in the first 16 ECC Blocks of the Control Data Zone: shall specify the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Recorded part of the Data Zone, in the remaining 176 ECC Blocks of the Control Data Zone: shall all be set to the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Recorded part of the Data Zone, or shall all be set to (26053F) to specify PSN 2 491 711 as the last possible Physical Sector of the Data Zone (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

Bytes 12 to 15 same as 14.4.2 Byte 16 – General Flag bits

Bit b 7

same as 14.4.2

Bit b 6

same as 14.4.2

- 52 -

Bit b 5

shall specify if Buffer Zone 2 in the Lead-in Zone contains VCPS related information, shall be set to 0, indicating no VCPS related information is present in Buffer Zone 2, shall be set to 1, indicating Buffer Zone 2 contains VCPS related information as defined in the VCPS System Description (see Annex N).

Bits b 4 to b 0

same as 14.4.2

Bytes 256 to 2 047 - Reserved - All (00)

All remaining bytes are reserved and shall be set to all (00). 17.11.2 Disk manufacturing information This Ecma Standard does not specify the format and the content of these 2 048 bytes. They shall be ignored in interchange. 1 7 . 1 1 . 3 C o n t e n t p r o vi d e r i n f o r m a t i o n These 28 672 bytes shall be set to all (00).

Under no circumstance may data received from the host be recorded in this field. Circumvention : Recorders and recording drives shall be considered as circumvention devices when these are produced to record, or can easily be modified to record, in any manner, a user-defined number in this field.

17.12 Buffer Zone 2 This recorded Zone shall consist of 512 Physical Sectors from 32 ECC Blocks. During use of the disk VCPS related information may be recorded to these 32 ECC Blocks, according to the specifications given in the VCPS System Description (see Annex N). If no VCPS related information is copied to these locations then the Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone shall be set to all (00).

Data Zone 2 295 104 Physical Sectors of user data area (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). The start radius of the Data Zone is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (00C000) and the maximum end radius is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (098150) (see 14.4.1.1, bit 2 to 23 and 13.7.1)

Lead-out Zone The Lead-out Zone is the outermost zone of the Information Zone. It shall consist of the parts specified in Figure 25. The Physical Sector Number of the first and the last Physical Sector of each part is indicated in Figure 25 in hexadecimal and decimal notation and the number of Physical Sectors in each part is indicated in decimal notation (for 80 mm disk see Annex A).

19.1

Buffer Zone 3 This recorded Zone shall consist of 768 Physical Sectors. The start location of Buffer Zone 3 is (260540) (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). The Main Data of the Data Frames in this Zone shall be set to all (00).

- 53 -

19.2

Outer Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors reserved for information agreed upon by the data interchange parties. Each set of 16 Physical Sectors from one ECC Block is either a Disk Control Block (DCB) (see Clause 22) or recorded with all (00) Main Data. The contents of this Zone shall be equivalent to the contents of the Inner Disk Identification Zone.

19.3

Guard Zone 2 This Guard Zone is used as a protection for separating test writing zones from information zones containing user data. This Zone shall be filled with Main Data set to (00). This zone shall contain 4 096 Physical Sectors.

Data Zone --Physical Sector 2 491 712

Buffer Zone 3 768 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00)

Physical Sector 2 492 479 Physical Sector 2 492 480

Outer Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 2 492 735 Physical Sector 2 492 736

Guard Zone 2 4 096 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Reserved Zone 4 4 096 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00)

Physical Sector 2 496 831 Physical Sector 2 496 832 Physical Sector 2 500 927 Physical Sector 2 500 928

Outer Drive Test Zone 12 288 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 2 513 215 Physical Sector 2 513 216 Physical Sector 2 515 263 Physical Sector 2 515 264 Physical Sector 2 539 663

Outer Disk Test Zone 2 048 Physical Sectors Guard Zone 3 nominal 24 400 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00)

--Physical Sector (260540) Physical Sector (26083F) Physical Sector (260840) Physical Sector (26093F) Physical Sector (260940) Physical Sector (26193F) Physical Sector (261940) Physical Sector (26293F) Physical Sector (262940) Physical Sector (26593F) Physical Sector (265940) Physical Sector (26613F) Physical Sector (266140) Physical Sector (26C08F)

Figure 25 — Lead-out Zone

19.4

Reserved Zone 4 4 096 Physical Sectors are reserved and shall be set all (00).

19.5

Outer Drive Test Zone 12 288 Physical Sectors reserved for drive testing and OPC algorithm.

19.6

Outer Disk Test Zone 2 048 Physical Sectors reserved for disk manufacturer testing.

19.7

Guard Zone 3 This Zone shall be filled with Main Data set to (00) or may be left unrecorded.

Assignment of Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs) Logical Sector Numbers (LSNs) shall be assigned contiguously increasing by one from LSN 0, starting from the first PSN (030000) to the end of the Data Zone (see also Annex J). - 54 -

Formatting The disk shall be considered fully formatted if all areas in the Information Zone have been recorded. The Main data bytes in the ECC blocks can contain relevant data or can be set to dummy data (all bytes (00)). All ECC blocks, including those with dummy data, shall comply with Clause 13. The disk shall be considered partially formatted if at least the Inner Disk Test Zone, the Inner Drive Test Zone, the Guard Zone 1, the Reserved Zone 1, the Reserved Zone 2, the Inner Disk Identification Zone, the Reserved Zone 3, the Reference Code Zone, the Buffer Zone 1, the Control Data Zone and the Buffer Zone 2 in the Lead-in Zone have been recorded. To indicate the status of the disk, the Disk Identification Zones shall contain a Formatting Disk Control Block (FDCB) (see 22.2). NOTE To enable data retrieval by Read-Only drives, the disk shall be formatted or recorded sequentially.

Formatting can be done in two different ways: 1) Pre-formatting , which is the conventional way of formatting used for many storage media. After the pre-formatting process, the disk is fully formatted. User Data shall not be recorded to the disk until the pre-formatting process is complete.

This process consists of the following steps: − − − −

write Lead-in Zone write Data Zone write Lead-out Zone verify the Data Zone (optional)

2) Background formatting, which is a formatting process that runs in the background during use of the disk on a recorder. After the Background formatting process, the disk is fully formatted. User Data may be recorded to the disk during the Background formatting process. The disk may be interchanged at any time after the first step.

This process consists of the following steps: − − − −

Initialization De-icing Finalization Verification

Initialization shall always be applied to a maiden disk, while the other steps are optional. A third way of using the disk is 3) Sequential recording without formatting , where the disk is recorded by appending data to the end of the Data Zone.

21.1

Pre-formatting If Pre-formatting is applied, this shall be done before any User Data is recorded onto the disk. The Inner Disk Identification Zone and the Outer Disk Identification Zone shall contain an FDCB according to 22.2 indicating pre-formatting in progress. All other Zones shall be recorded according to Clause 17, 18 and 19. After fully formatting the disk and before ejecting the disk, the drive shall update the FDCB.

21.1.1

Verification Optionally the Data Zone can be certified. During this process every ECC Block in the Data Zone is checked for correctness.

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21.2

Background formatting Because the Pre-formatting process can be rather time consuming, and the user may want to use a blank disk immediately, Background formatting can be used instead of Pre-formatting. During the Background formatting process only a minimum amount of data will be recorded onto the disk, after which the disk can be used by the application. A disk on which a Background formatting process is active, may be formatted further by the recorder in the background during the moments that the application is not accessing the disk. Recording of User Data into previously unrecorded areas shall be considered formatting of that area.

21.2.1

Initialization It is recommended that the Background formatting process starts with recording the Inner Disk Test Zone, the Inner Drive Test Zone, the Guard Zone 1, the Reserved Zone 1, the Reserved Zone 2, the Inner Disk Identification Zone, the Reserved Zone 3, the Reference Code Zone, the Buffer Zone 1, the Control Data Zone and the Buffer Zone 2 in the Lead-in Zone (see Table 14). In any case, these areas shall be recorded before the disk is ejected.

The Inner Disk Identification Zone shall contain an FDCB according to the definitions in 22.2. All other Zones shall be recorded according to Clause 17. Optionally the Buffer Zone 3, the Outer Disk Identification Zone, and the Guard Zone 2 in the Lead-out Zone can be recorded. After initialization the disk can be released for the application. 21.2.2

De-icing De-icing is the process of recording all ECC blocks in the Data Zone. During the de-icing phase, unrecorded areas in the Data Zone shall be filled with ECC blocks containing all (00) bytes or with User Data when requested. When the de-icing process is activated on a partially formatted disk with a Temporary Lead-out, the Temporary Lead-out shall be overwritten with ECC blocks with bits b 27 to b 26 in the ID field of the Data Frames set to ZERO ZERO, indicating Data Zone (see 21.3).

All recorded areas shall be registered in the Formatting bitmap of a Formatting Disk Control Block (FDCB) in the Inner (and Outer) Disk Identification Zone. During the time intervals when the drive is idle, the De-icing process, controlled by the drive, can proceed in the background. When the application requests disk access, the De-icing process is suspended and the control of the disk is returned to the application. Application requested writes to previously unrecorded areas shall be registered in the FDCB. During background De-icing the drive should keep the FDCB updated. When an eject is requested during background De-icing, the drive may add a Temporary Lead-out Zone immediately following the last written ECC Block in the Data Zone (no unrecorded areas shall be present between the Lead-in Zone and such Temporary Lead-out Zone) according to the rules in 21.3 and the drive shall update the FDCB before ejecting the disk. 21.2.3

Finalization When the De-icing process has finished and all areas in the Data Zone have been recorded, the drive shall add the Lead-out Zone according to Clause 19.

The Outer Disk Identification Zone shall contain the same DCBs as the Inner Disk Identification Zone (see Clause 22). The Lead-in Zone shall be finished by adding the Initial Zone according to Clause 17. 21.2.4

Verification (optional) Verification is the process of reading and checking all ECC blocks in the Data Zone. If an ECC block is found unreliable, this block can be replaced using a Defect Management system.

The Last Verified Address (LVA) pointer in the Formatting Disk Control Block (FDCB) in the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zone shall register the area that has been checked. During the time intervals when the disk is idle, the Verification process, controlled by the drive, can proceed in the background. When the application requests disk access, the Verification process is suspended and the control of the disk is returned to the application. During background - 56 -

Verification the drive should keep the FDCB updated. When an eject is requested during background Verification, the drive shall update the FDCB before ejecting the disk.

21.3

Sequential recording without formatting If the disk is used for contiguously sequential recording only, a Temporary Lead-out Zone immediately following the last recorded User Data should be recorded before ejecting the disk. The application can write additional data to the disk by overwriting the Temporary Lead-out Zone with User Data immediately followed by a new Temporary Lead-out Zone. When a disk is going to be used for sequential recording without formatting, it shall be initialized in the same way as for Background formatting (see 21.2.1) and as long as there are unrecorded areas, the FDCB shall be used in the same way as during the De-icing process (see 21.2.2). The Formatting status in the FDCB (see 22.2) shall be set to “partially formatted”, the Last Written Address shall be set to the last PSN of the last contiguously recorded ECC Block in the Data Zone, and the Formatting Bitmap shall not be used. All other bits shall be set to their relevant meaning. The Temporary Lead-out Zone shall fulfil the following rules: -

Bits b27 to b 26 in the ID field of the Data Frames in the Temporary Lead-out Zone shall be set to ONE ZERO, indicating Lead-out Zone.

The length of the Temporary Lead-out Zone shall be at least 64 ECC Blocks, or the rules as given in Table 16 should be followed (see ECMA-267) (for 80 mm disk see Annex A). Table 16 — Length of Temporary Lead-out Zone

Length of the Recorded part of the Data Zone (end radius)

End of the Temporary Lead-out Zone (radius)

less than 34,0 mm

35,0 mm min.

34,0 mm to 57,5 mm

end radius Data Zone + 1,0 mm min.

57,5 to 58,0 mm

58,5 mm

The Temporary Lead-out Zone should be filled with all Main Data (00).

Optionally, the 49th till the 64th ECC Block in the Temporary Lead-out may contain a Temporary Outer Disk Identification Zone according to the definitions as given in 19.2.

It is allowed to have an unrecorded area between the end of the Temporary Lead-out Zone and Buffer Zone 3 located at radius 58 mm.

Disk Control Blocks Disk Control ECC Blocks are provided as a structure on the disk to include additional information for interchange between the data interchange parties. DCBs are recorded in the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zones. All DCBs shall have the same format for the first 40 data bytes. A special DCB is defined to reflect the status of the formatting process and to hold some general information. Each type of DCB (i.e. with some specific Content Descriptor other than (00000000), (FFFFFFFE) or (FFFFFFFF) shall occur only once in each of the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zones.

22.1

General format of Disk Control Blocks The Main Data of each Disk Control Block shall be according to Table 17.

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Table 17 — General format of each Disk Control Block Physical Sector of each DCB

Main Data BP

Description

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 2 047

Content Descriptor Specific

1 to 15

D 0 - D 2 047

Content Descriptor Specific

Bytes D 0 to D 3 - Content Descriptor

If set to (00000000) the DCB is unused. The Content Descriptor of all subsequent DCBs in this Inner or Outer Disk Identification Zone shall be set to (00000000). All remaining bytes, D 4 to D 2 047 of Physical Sector 0 and D 0 to D 2 047 of Physical Sector 1 to 15 in Table 17 shall be set to (00). If set to (46444300) this DCB shall be as defined in 22.2. If set to (57444300) this DCB shall be as defined in 22.3. If set to (FFFFFFFE) this DCB is bad and shall not be used. NOTE If any damaged DCB is replaced at an other location, the original location shall be overwritten with a DCB with the Content Descriptor set to (FFFFFFFE) and all remaining bytes set to (00). The List of DCBs (see 22.2, Physical Sector 0 / bytes D128 to D191 ) shall be updated accordingly.

If set to (FFFFFFFF) this DCB was previously used and is now available for reuse. All remaining bytes, D 4 to D 2 047 of Physical Sector 0 and D 0 to D 2 047 of Physical Sector 1 to 15 in Table 17 shall be set to (00). All other values for the Content Descriptor are reserved. Each new DCB added to the Inner or the Outer Disk Identification Block shall be written at the first unused DCB (Content Descriptor = (00000000) or (FFFFFFFF)). Each DCB with a Content Descriptor not set to (00000000), (FFFFFFFE) or (FFFFFFFF) in the Inner Disk Identification Zone shall have an identical DCB in the Outer Disk Identification Zone. The order of the DCBs in the Inner Disk Identification Zone is not necessarily the same as the order in the Outer Disk Identification Zone. Bytes D 4 to D 7 - Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

These bits are provided to specify required actions when the content and use of the DCB are unknown to the drive (i.e. the content descriptor is not set to a known assigned value). These bytes form a field consisting of 32 individual bits.

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Bits b 31 to b 4 Reserved, these bits shall be set to all ZERO. Bit b 3

DCB overwrite, if set to ONE, modifying the current DCB shall not be allowed, else it shall be set to ZERO.

Bit b 2

Formatting, if set to ONE, reformatting of the disk shall not be allowed, else it shall be set to ZERO.

Bit b 1

DCB read protect, if set to ONE, the information in this DCB is meant for use by the drive only and shall not be transferred outside the drive, else it shall be set ZERO.

Bit b 0

Data Zone write, if set to ONE, recording shall not be allowed in the Data Zone, else it shall be set to ZERO.

Bytes D 8 to D 39 Drive ID

Bytes D 8 to D 39 shall contain a unique descriptor, identifying the drive that has last written the DCB. The format of this unique drive identifier shall be as follows: −

Bytes D 8 to D 23 shall identify the manufacturer of the drive. This name shall be represented by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00).

−

Bytes D 24 to D 35 shall identify the model name/type number of the drive. This model name/type number shall be represented by characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00).

−

Bytes D 36 to D 39 shall contain a unique serial number of the drive. The 4 bytes shall form one 32-bit binary number.

Bytes D 40 to D 2 047 Content Descriptor Specific

Bytes specified by the format description for the DCB with the actual Content Descriptor value. Physical Sector 1 to 15: Bytes D 0 to D 2 047 Content Descriptor Specific

Bytes specified by the format description for the DCB with the actual Content Descriptor value.

22.2

Format of the Formatting DCB (FDCB) Both the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zone shall contain one DCB reflecting the status of the disk. The FDCB in the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zones shall be identical and have the content as defined in Table 18. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 0 to D 3 – Content Descriptor

These bytes identify the Formatting DCB and shall be set to (46444300), representing the characters “FDC” and the version number 0. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 4 to D 7 – Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

Shall be set to (0000000D) indicating that if this DCB is not known to the system, the DCB shall not be overwritten, the disk shall not be reformatted, writing to the Data Zone shall not be allowed, while transferring the DCB information from the drive to the host computer is allowed. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 8 to D 39 – Drive ID

These bytes shall contain the drive ID as specified in 22.1.

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Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 40 to D 43 – FDCB update count

These bytes shall specify the total number of update operations of the FDCB. This field shall be set to (00000000) during the creation of the FDCB, and shall be incremented by one each time the FDCB is re-written. Table 18 — Format of the FDCB Physical Sector of ECC block

Main Data byte position

Description

number of bytes

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 43

FDCB update count

D 44 to D 47

Formatting status and mode

D 48 to D 51

Last written address

D 52 to D 55

Last verified address

D 56 to D 59

Bitmap Start Address

D 60 to D 63

Bitmap Length

D 64 to D 95

Disk ID

D 96 to D 127

Application dependent

D 128 to D 191

List of DCBs

16×4

D 192 to D 2 047

Reserved and set to (00)

1 856

1 to 9

D 0 to D 2 047

Formatting bitmap

9×2 048

10 to 15

D 0 to D 2 047

Reserved and set to (00)

6×2 048

Physical Sector 0 / byte D 44 to D 47 – Formatting status and mode byte D 44 – Formatting status flags

bits 7 to 6

bit 5

bits 4 to 0

Formatting status

Formatting open

Reserved

bits 7 to 6: ZERO ZERO = disk is not formatted/recorded ZERO ONE = disk has been partially formatted/recorded ONE ZERO = disk has been fully formatted/recorded by user ONE ONE = disk has been fully formatted by manufacturer bit 5: ZERO = the FDCB on the disk reflects the actual status of the disk ONE = the Formatting process of the drive is active and the FDCB on the disk might not reflect the actual status of the disk bits 4 to 0: reserved

- 60 -

byte D 45 – Verification status flags

bits 7 to 6

bits 5 to 0

Verification status

Reserved

bits 7 to 6: ZERO ZERO = disk is not verified ZERO ONE = disk has been partially verified ONE ZERO = disk has been fully verified by user ONE ONE = disk has been fully verified by manufacturer bits 5 to 0: reserved byte D 46 – Recording status flags

bit 7

bits 6 to 5

bits 4 to 0

Lead-in status

Lead-out status

reserved

bit 7: ZERO = Lead-in is recorded from address (02A480) to address (02FFFF) ONE = Lead-in is fully recorded bits 6 to 5: ZERO ZERO = No Lead-out has been recorded ZERO ONE = Temporary Lead-out has been recorded adjoining the actual last sector of the Data Zone ONE ZERO = Lead-out is recorded from address (260540) to address (26193F) (see Clause 19 and 21.2.1) (for 80 mm disk see Annex A) ONE ONE = Lead-out is fully recorded adjoining the actual last sector of the Data Zone bits 4 to 0: reserved byte D 47 – Reserved

set to (00) Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 48 to D 51 – Last Written Address (LWA)

These 4 bytes shall indicate the last PSN of the last ECC Block of the contiguously recorded part of the Data Zone (not including any type of Lead-out Zone) starting from address (030000). (There shall be no unrecorded ECC Blocks between address (030000) and the LWA.) As long as the first ECC Block of the Data Zone is unrecorded, the LWA shall be set to (00000000), indicating that the LWA is not (yet) in use. NOTE some older drives might set the LWA to (0002FFFF) or (00030000) in case the first ECC Block is still unrecorded. Such a setting should be interpreted the same as (00000000).

After formatting has been finished, the LWA may also be set to (00000000). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 52 to D 55 – Last Verified Address (LVA)

These 4 bytes shall indicate the last PSN of the last ECC Block of the contiguously verified part of the Data Zone starting from address (030000). If not in use the LVA may also be set to (00000000).

- 61 -

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 56 to D 59 – Bitmap Start Address (BSA)

These 4 bytes shall indicate the first PSN of the first ECC Block represented in the Formatting bitmap. This value shall be ≥ (00030000) and less than the Last Written Address. They shall be set to (00000000) if the disk is fully Formatted or if the Formatting Bitmap is not used. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 60 to D 63 – Bitmap Length

These 4 bytes shall indicate the number of ECC Blocks represented in the Formatting bitmap. They shall be set to (00000000) if the disk is fully Formatted or if the Formatting Bitmap is not used. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 64 to D 95 – Disk ID

These 32 bytes shall be recorded with a random, statistically unique, 256-bit binary number at initialization of the disk. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 96 to D 127 – Application dependent

This field shall consist of 32 bytes and is reserved for use by the application to store information such as specific copy protection data. If this setting is not specified by the application, the bytes shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 128 to D 191 – List of DCBs

To improve the robustness and the time to access the actually valid DCBs, it is recommended to store a list representing the 16 locations of the Inner/Outer Disk Identification Zone with the Content Descriptor of the DCB contained in each of these locations. This list shall be formatted according to Table 19. Table 19 — Format of the List of DCBs Physical Sector of ECC block

Main Data byte position

Description

number of bytes

D 128 to D 131

Content Descriptor of DCB in location 0

D 132 to D 135

Content Descriptor of DCB in location 1

D (128+ i ×4) to D (131+ i ×4)

Content Descriptor of DCB in location i

D 188 to D 191

Content Descriptor of DCB in location 15

bytes D (128+i×4) to D (131+i×4) – Content Descriptor of DCB in location i

Each group of 4 bytes shall represent the Content Descriptor (see 22.1, bytes D 0 to D 3) of the DCB in the specified location in the Disk Identification Zone (Inner or Outer) holding this FDCB. Location i in the Inner Disk Identification Zone shall be the ECC Block starting with PSN (02EEC0) + i×16. Location i in the Outer Disk Identification Zone shall be the ECC Block starting with PSN (260840) + i×16. The List of DCBs shall include the FDCB itself. The position of the FDCB is not restricted to location 0. If not used the List of DCBs shall be set to all (00000000). NOTE older drives might not be able to maintain the information in the List of DCBs accurately. - 62 -

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 192 to D 2 047 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00). Physical Sector 1 to 9 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Formatting bitmap

Physical Sectors 1 to 9 of the FDCB contain a bitmap, where each bit reflects the recording status of one ECC block. Bit 0 (the lsb) of Main Data byte D 0 of Sector 1 represents the first ECC block, indicated by the Bitmap Start Address, bit 1 of Main Data byte D 0 of Sector 1 represents the next ECC block, following the ECC Block indicated by the Bitmap Start Address, etc. All remaining bits in Physical Sectors 1 to 9 following the bitmap shall be set to ZERO. The ECC blocks in the bitmap are identified by a sequence number i, where i starts at 0 for the ECC block at the Bitmap Start Address. Bit n of Main Data byte D m of Sector k represents the i th ECC block from the Bitmap Start Address: i = [(k-1)×2 048+m]×8+n, where k = 1 .. 9, m = 0 .. 2 047, n = 0 .. 7 Address of the first Physical Sector of the i th ECC block = Bitmap Start Address + i×16. If the bit representing the i th ECC block is set to ONE, then the i th ECC block has not been recorded. If the bit representing the i th ECC block is set to ZERO, then the i th ECC block has been recorded. Physical Sector 10 to 15 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Reserved

All bytes in these sectors shall be set to (00)

22.3

Format of the Write inhibit DCB (WDCB) Both the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zone may optionally contain a DCB reflecting the write protect status of the disk. The WDCB in the Inner and Outer Disk Identification Zones shall be identical and have the content as defined in Table 20. Table 20 — Format of the WDCB Physical Sector of ECC block

Main Data byte position

Description

number of bytes

D 0 to D 3

Content Descriptor

D 4 to D 7

Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

D 8 to D 39

Drive ID

D 40 to D 43

WDCB update count

D 44 to D 47

Write protect Actions

D 48 to D 63

Reserved and set to (00)

D 64 to D 95

WDCB Password

D 96 to D 2 047

Reserved and set to (00)

1 952

1 to 15

D 0 to D 2 047

Reserved and set to (00)

15×2 048

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 0 to D 3 – Content Descriptor

These bytes identify the Write inhibit DCB and shall be set to (57444300), representing the characters “WDC” and the version number 0. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 4 to D 7 – Unknown Content Descriptor Actions

Shall be set to (0000000F) indicating that if this DCB is not known to the system, the DCB shall not be overwritten, the disk shall not be reformatted, writing to the Data Zone shall not be allowed, and transferring the DCB information from the drive to the host computer shall not be allowed. - 63 -

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 8 to D 39 – Drive ID

these bytes shall contain the drive ID as specified in 22.1. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 40 to D 43 – WDCB update count

These bytes shall specify the total number of update operations of the WDCB. This field shall be set to (00000000) during the creation of the WDCB, and shall be incremented by one each time the WDCB is re-written. Physical Sector 0 / byte D 44 to D 47 – Write protect Actions

These bits are provided to specify allowed and required actions. These bytes form a field consisting of 32 individual bits. Bits b 31 to b 8 Reserved, these bits shall be set to all ZERO. Bit b 7

Write protect Change, if set to ZERO, the Write protect Status bits b 6 to b 0 may be modified, if set to ONE and the password received from the host is the same as the WDCB Password in this DCB, the Write protect Status bits b 6 to b 0 may be modified, if set to ONE and the password received from the host is the different from the WDCB Password in this DCB, the Write protect Status bits b 6 to b 0 shall not be modified.

Bits b 6 to b 2

Reserved, these bits shall be set to all ZERO.

Bits b 1, b 0

Write protect Status, if set to ONE/ONE recording in any area on the disk shall not be allowed, if set to ONE/ZERO recording in the actual User Data Area defined by an applied Defect Management System shall not be allowed, if set to ZERO/ONE recording in the Data Zone on the disk (all of the area between the end of the Lead-in Zone and the start of the Lead-out Zone) shall not be allowed, if set to ZERO/ZERO recording in all areas on the disk is allowed.

NOTE the “User Data Area” is the part of the Data Zone meant for storing the User Data in case a Defect Management System is applied. This means that possible Sparing and Table Areas of a Defect Management System located in the Data Zone of the disk can be excluded from the write inhibition, in which case the Defect Management System can stay enabled.

Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 48 to D 63 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00) Physical Sector 0 / byte D 64 to D 95 – WDCB Password

These bytes shall contain a user defined password consisting of up to 32 characters from the G0 set + SPACE according to ECMA-43. Trailing bytes not used shall be set to (00). If all bytes of the WDCB Password field are set to (00), then all 32 bits of the Write protect Actions field shall be set to ZERO. If the WDCB Password field is set to all (FF), then the disk is permanently write protected and further recording on the disk shall not be allowed. Bits b 7, b 1 and b 0 of the Write protect Actions field shall be set to ONE. Physical Sector 0 / bytes D 96 to D 2 047 – Reserved

These bytes are reserved and shall be set to (00) Physical Sector 1 to 15 / bytes D 0 to D 2 047 – Reserved

All bytes in these sectors shall be set to (00) - 64 -

Section 5 — Characteristics of the groove 23

General All recordings shall occur only in grooved areas. The groove centreline is deviated from the average track centreline with a phase modulated sinewave. Physical addressing information can be decoded from this phase modulated wobble. The format of the groove information on the disk is defined in 14.4. Clause 25 specifies the requirements for the signals from grooves, as obtained when using the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9.

Method of testing

24.1

Environment All signals in Clause 25 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in the test environment conditions defined in 8.1.1.

24.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in Clause 25 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

24.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to i). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

24.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the read-out surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW.

24.2.3

Read channels The drive shall have two read channels. Read Channel 1 gives a signal (I1 + I2) related to the total amount of light in the exit pupil of the objective lens. Read Channel 2 gives a signal (I1 - I2) related to the difference in the amount of light in the two halves of the exit pupil of the objective lens. These channels can be implemented as given in Clause 9.

For measurement of the push-pull and track cross signals, the read channel signals shall be filtered by a 1 st order LPF with a f c (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. For measurement of the wobble signal, the read channel signals shall be filtered by a 1 st order Band Pass Filter with frequency range (-3 dB): 25 kHz, slope +20 dB/decade to 4,0 MHz, slope –20 dB/decade. 24.2.4

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the recording layer shall not exceed 0,20 μm;

the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed 0,022 μm.

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24.3

Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photo detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector.

(I1+I2)max (I1+I2)pp

(I1+I2)min

0 level (I1-I2)pp

on land

radial position

on groove

Figure 26 — Signals from grooves in the Read Channels when crossing the tracks

Push-pull signal

The push-pull signal is the filtered sinusoidal difference signal (I1 - I2) in Read Channel 2, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. The signal can be used by the drive for radial tracking. Track cross signal

The track cross signal is the filtered sinusoidal sum signal (I1 + I2) in Read Channel 1, when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. Wobble signal

The wobble signal IW is the filtered sinusoidal difference signal (I1 - I2) in Read Channel 2, while the drive meets the minimum tracking requirement.

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25 25.1

Characteristics of the groove signals Phase depth The phase depth of the groove shall not exceed 90°.

25.2

Push-pull signal The peak-to-peak value of the push-pull signal PP shall meet the following requirements: a) before recording:

0,28 ≤

(I1 − I 2 )pp [(I1 + I 2 )max + (I1 + I 2 )min ]/ 2 ≤ 0,56

The maximum variation of the push-pull signal before recording shall be:

b) after recording:

0,25 ≤

PPmax − PPmin < 0,15 PPmax + PPmin

(I1 − I 2 )pp [(I1 + I 2 )max + (I1 + I 2 )min ]/ 2 ≤ 0,56

c) Ratio of push-pull signal of unrecorded groove to push-pull signal of recorded groove shall be in the range of 0,75 to 1,25.

25.3

Track Cross signal The Track Cross signal for the unrecorded disk shall meet the following requirement: The (I1 + I2) min value shall be generated at the groove centre.

25.4

Normalized wobble signal The deviation from the track centreline shall be measured by the normalized wobble signal. The amount of distance that the centre of the wobble groove deviates from the average track centreline can be calculated according to Annex K. The wobble signal shall be measured in an empty track during the monotone wobble part, at locations where the amplitude is not enhanced due to the positive interference of the wobble from adjacent tracks. The normalized wobble signal shall be 0,20 ≤

I W,pp - min

(I1 − I 2 )pp

≤ 0,30

At locations where the amplitude of the wobble signal is enhanced due to the positive interference of the wobble from adjacent tracks, the maximum wobble signal shall be I W,pp - max I W,pp - min

25.5

≤ 2,6

Characteristics of the wobble The average Narrow band SNR of the wobble signal before recording shall be greater than 45 dB. The measurement shall be made using a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz. The average Narrow band SNR of the wobble signal after recording shall be greater than 38 dB. The measurement shall be made using a resolution bandwidth of 1 kHz.

- 67 -

Section 6 — Characteristics of the recording layer 26

Method of testing The format of the information on the disk is defined in Clause 13. Clause 27 specifies the requirements for the signals from recorded marks, as obtained when using the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. This Clause 27 specifies the average quality of the rewritable information. Local deviations from the specified values, called defects, can cause tracking errors or errors in the Data fields. These errors are covered by Clause 29 and section 7.

26.1

Environment All signals in 27.2.2 to 27.2.6 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in the test environment conditions defined in 8.1.1.

26.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in 27.2.2 to 27.2.6 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests.

26.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties defined in 9.2 a) to i). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

26.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the read-out surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW.

26.2.3

For measurement of the push-pull and track cross signals, the read channel signals shall be filtered by a 1 st order LPF with a f c (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. The signal from Read channel 1 is not equalized except when measuring jitter. The threshold level for binarizing the read signal shall be controlled to minimize the effects of mark and space size changes due to parameter variations during writing. Jitter measurements shall be made using the Read Channel 1 with the characteristics in Annex E. 26.2.4

Tracking During recording and during the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the recording layer shall not exceed 0,20 μm;

the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed 0,022 μm when running at the Reference velocity and shall not exceed 0,045 μm when running at a higher velocity. NOTE At high recording or playback velocities, advanced servo systems might be needed to achieve tracking errors below these maximum values.

26.2.5

S c a n n i n g ve l o c i t y Write tests are performed at each of the recording velocities defined in 14.4.2 with its related write strategy.

All read tests are performed at the Reference velocity. - 68 -

26.3

Write conditions Marks and spaces are written on the disk by pulsing a laser.

26.3.1

W r i t e p u l s e w a ve f o r m The laser power is modulated according to the write pulse waveform given in Annex G.

A 3T to 14T is written by applying a multiple-pulse train of write pulses. The recording power has three levels: the Write power (Pw), the Erase power (Pe), and the Cooling power (Pc), which are the optical powers incident at the entrance surface of the disk and used for writing marks and spaces. The values of these power levels shall be optimized according to Annex I. The actual recording powers, Pw, Pe, and Pc shall be within 5 % of their optimum values. 26.3.2

Write power The optimized recording powers, Pwo, Peo and Pco shall meet the following conditions

for the basic write strategy defined in 14.4.2.2: 8,0 mW ≤ Pwo ≤ 16,0 mW 3,0 mW ≤ Peo ≤ 9,0 mW 0,1 mW ≤ Pco ≤ 0,7 mW for the “4x” write strategy defined in 14.4.2.3.1: 11,0 mW ≤ Pwo ≤ 22,0 mW 3,0 mW ≤ Peo ≤ 11,0 mW 0,1 mW ≤ Pco ≤ 0,7 mW

26.4

Measurement conditions The test for jitter shall be carried out on any group of five adjacent tracks, designated (m-2), (m-1), m, (m+1), (m+2), in the Information Zone of the disk. The jitter shall be measured on recordings made at all velocities specified in 14.4.2.2, byte 32 and in the Extended Information blocks defined under 14.4.2.3. For measurement of jitter, the system described in Annex E shall be used. The Jitter shall be measured according to the following procedure: Write random data on all five tracks 10 times each as specified in 26.3.1. Read the data of track m under the conditions specified in 26.2.

- 69 -

Characteristics of the recorded signals The following signals shall be measured, after recording with the write conditions as specified in 26.3.1.

27.1

Channel bit length The average Channel bit length over each RUN shall be 133,3 nm ± 1,4 nm

27.2

Definition of signals All signals are linearly related to currents through a photo-diode detector, and are therefore linearly related to the optical power falling on the detector.

27.2.1

High frequency signals (HF) The HF signal is obtained by summing the currents of the four elements of the photo detector as generated in Read Channel 1. These currents are modulated by the effects of the marks and spaces representing the information on the recording layer.

I14

I 14H

I3 I 3H I

I 14L

0 Level 97-0002-A

Figure 27 — Signals from spaces and marks in Read channel 1

27.2.2

Modulated amplitude The modulated amplitude I14 is the peak-to-peak value of the HF signal generated by the largest mark and space lengths (see Figure 27). The peak value I14H shall be the peak value of the HF signal before a.c. coupling. The modulated amplitude I3 is the peak-to-peak value generated by the shortest mark and space lengths. The 0 Level is the signal level obtained from the measuring device when no disk is inserted. These parameters shall meet the following requirements under all conditions, also such as a different number of overwrites, and when recordings have been made at different speeds. I14

I14H

I14

≥ 0,60

≥ 0,15

Within one disk,

(I14H max − I14H min )

Within one revolution,

I14Hmax

(I14H max − I14H min )

≤ 0,25

I14Hmax

- 70 -

≤ 0,15

27.2.3

S i g n a l a s ym m e t r y The signal asymmetry shall meet the following requirement: ⎡ I14H + I14L I 3H + I 3L ⎤ − ⎢ ⎥ 2 2 − 0,05 ≤ ⎢ ⎥ ≤ +0,15 I14 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦

27.2.4

N o r m a l i z e d S l i c i n g L e ve l j u m p Between any 2 consecutive ECC Blocks, the Normalized Slicing Level (NSL) jump shall be:

(I3H,2 + I3L,2 ) − (I3H,1 + I3L,1) ≤ 0,50 (I3H,2 − I3L,2 ) + (I3H,1 − I3L,1) where I3H,1 and I3L,1 are the I3 levels just before the linking position and I3H,2 and I3L,2 are the I3 levels just after the linking position. This requirement shall be fulfilled also after a different number of overwrites for the 2 ECC Blocks (up to 500 DOW cycles), and when the 2 ECC Blocks have been recorded at different speeds. 27.2.5

Jitter

Jitter is the standard deviation σ of the time variations of the binary read signal. This binary read signal is created by a slicer, after feeding the HF signal from the HF read channel through an equalizer and LPF (see Annex E). The jitter of the leading and trailing edges is measured relative to the PLL clock and normalized by the Channel bit clock period. The jitter shall be measured at the Reference velocity using the circuit specified in Annex E. The jitter measurement shall be using the conditions specified in 26.4. The measured jitter shall not exceed 9,0 %. 27.2.6

Track Cross signal The Track Cross signal is the filtered sinusoidal sum signal (I1 + I2) in Read Channel 1 when the focus of the optical beam crosses the tracks. The Track Cross signal shall meet the following requirement:

(I1 + I 2 )pp ≥ 0,13 (I1 + I 2 )max 27.3

Read stability When read with a read power of 0,8 mW at a temperature of 55 °C, all parameters specified in 27.2.2 to 27.2.6 shall be within their specified ranges after 1 000 000 repeated reads. NOTE Reading with the same read power at lower speeds than the reference speed might degrade the read stability.

- 71 -

Additional testing conditions Recorded +RW disks compliant with this +RW Ecma Standard shall also fulfil the following basic signal specifications when measured with the Pick Up Head according to the ECMA-267 Standard.

28.1

Test environment All conditions are the same as in 26.1 to 26.2.5. except for the following.

28.1.1

Optics The focused optical beam used for reading data shall have the following properties:

650 nm ± 5 nm

a) Wavelength (λ)

b) Numerical aperture of the objective lens (NA) 0,60 ± 0,01 c) The objective lens shall be compensated for spherical aberrations caused by a parallel substrate with nominal thickness (0,6 mm) and nominal refractive index (1,55). 0,033 × λ rms max. 60 % to 70 % of the maximum intensity in the radial direction and over 90 % in the tangential direction. Circular

d) Wave front aberration e) Light intensity at the rim of the pupil of the objective lens

Polarization of the light

g) Read power 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW h) Relative Intensity Noise (RIN)* of laser diode -134 dB/Hz max. *RIN (dB/Hz) = 10 log [(a.c. light power density / Hz) / d.c. light power]

28.2

Definition of signals For the definition of the following signals see 27.2 and the underlying subclauses.

28.2.1

Modulated amplitude I14 ≥ 0,60 I14H I3

28.2.2

I14

≥ 0,15

Within one disk,

(I14H max − I14H min )

Within one disk,

(I14H max − I14H min )

I14Hmax I14Hmax

Within one revolution,

(I14H max − I14H min )

Within one revolution,

(I14H max − I14H min )

≤ 0,33 (with PBS) ≤ 0,20 (without PBS)

I14Hmax I14Hmax

≤ 0,15 (with PBS) ≤ 0,10 (without PBS)

S i g n a l a s ym m e t r y ⎡ I14H + I14L I 3H + I 3L ⎤ − ⎢ ⎥ 2 2 − 0,05 ≤ ⎢ ⎥ ≤ +0,15 I14 ⎢ ⎥ ⎣⎢ ⎦⎥

28.2.3

Jitter The jitter shall be measured at the Reference velocity using the circuit specified in Annex E.

The jitter measurement shall be using the conditions specified in 26.4. The measured jitter shall not exceed 9,0 %.

- 72 -

28.2.4

Track Cross signal

The Track Cross signal (see 24.3) shall meet the following requirement: 28.2.5

(I1 + I 2 )pp ≥ 0,10 (I1 + I 2 )max

Differential phase tracking error signal The output currents of the four quadrants of the split photo detector shown in Figure 28 are identified by Ia, Ib, Ic , and Id.

The differential phase tracking error signal shall be derived from the phase differences between the sum of the currents of diagonal pairs of photo detector elements when the light beam crosses the tracks: {Phase (Ia+Ic ) – Phase (Ib+Id)}, see Figure 29 and Annex F. The phase difference signals shall be low-pass filtered with f c (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. This differential phase tracking error signal shall meet the following requirements (see Figure 29): Amplitude

At the positive 0 crossing Δt T shall be in the range 0,5 to 1,1 at 0,10 μm radial offset, where Δt is the average time difference derived from the phase differences between the sum of the currents of diagonal pairs of photo detector elements, and T is the Channel bit clock period.

Asymmetry (see Figure 29)

The asymmetry shall meet the following requirement: where

T1 is the positive peak value of Δt T

and

T2 is the negative peak value of Δt T

T1 − T2 T1 + T2

≤ 0,20

Light beam

Tangential direction

97-0047-A

Figure 28 — Quadrant photo detector

T1 Δt T

0 Level

-Tp

Tp T2

Radial spot displacement Tp: Track pitch Figure 29 — Differential phase tracking error signal

- 73 -

28.2.6

Tangential push-pull signal This signal shall be derived from the instantaneous level of the differential output (Ia+Id) - (Ib+Ic ). It shall meet the following requirements, see Figure 30: 0≤

[(I a + I d ) − (Ib + I c )]pp I14

≤ 0,9 Marks

[(Ia + Id) - (Ib + Ic)]pp

Figure 30 — Tangential push-pull signal

Quality of the recording layer For the integrity of the data on the disk, the recording layer shall fulfil the following initial quality requirements.

29.1

Defects Defects are air bubbles and black spots. Their diameter shall meet the following requirements: −

for air bubbles it shall not exceed 100 μm,

−

for black spots causing birefringence it shall not exceed 200 μm,

−

for black spots not causing birefringence it shall not exceed 300 μm.

In addition, over a distance of 80 mm in scanning direction of tracks, the following requirements shall be met:

29.2

−

the total length of defects larger than 30 μm shall not exceed 300 μm,

−

there shall be at most 6 such defects.

Data errors A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong value, as compared to their original recorded value. A row of an ECC Block as defined in 13.3 that has at least 1 byte in error constitutes a PI error. If a row of an ECC Block as defined in 13.3 contains more than 5 erroneous bytes, the row is said to be “PI-uncorrectable”. The disk shall be recorded with arbitrary data in one single uninterrupted writing action from the start of the Lead-in Zone until the end of the Lead-out Zone (“Disk-At-Once” mode). During playback after the initial recording, the errors as detected by the error correction system shall meet the following requirements: −

in any 8 consecutive ECC Blocks the total number of PI errors before correction shall not exceed 280,

−

in any ECC Block the number of PI-uncorrectable rows should not exceed 4.

- 74 -

Section 7 — Characteristics of user data 30

Method of testing Clause 31 describes a series of measurements to test conformance of the user data on the disk with this Ecma Standard. It checks the legibility of the user-written data. The data is assumed to be arbitrary. The data may have been written by any drive in any operating environment (see 8.1.2). The read tests shall be performed on the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. Whereas Clause 26 disregards defects, Clause 31 includes them as an unavoidable deterioration of the read signals. The severity of a defect is determined by the correctability of the ensuing errors by the error detection and correction circuit in the read channel defined below. The requirements in Clause 31 define a minimum quality of the data, necessary for data interchange.

30.1

Environment All signals in 31.1 to 31.2 shall be within their specified ranges with the disk in any environment in the range of allowed operating environments defined in 8.1.2. It is recommended that before testing, the entrance surface of the disk shall be cleaned according to the instructions of the manufacturer of the disk.

30.2

Reference Drive All signals specified in Clause 31 shall be measured in the indicated channels of the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9. The drive shall have the following characteristics for the purpose of these tests:

30.2.1

Optics and mechanics The focused optical beam shall have the properties already defined in 9.2 a) to i). The disk shall rotate as specified in 9.5.

30.2.2

Read power The optical power incident on the entrance surface of the disk (used for reading the information) shall be 0,7 mW ± 0,1 mW.

30.2.3

The signal from Read channel 1 is equalized and filtered before processing. The threshold level for binarizing the read signal shall be controlled to minimize the effects of mark and space size changes due to parameter variations during writing. For measurement of the disk quality as specified in Clause 31, the equalizer, filter and slicer, and the characteristics of the PLL shall be the same as specified in Annex E for the jitter measurement. 30.2.4

Error correction Correction of errors in the data bytes shall be carried out by an error detection and correction system based on the definition in 13.3.

30.2.5

Tracking During the measurement of the signals, the axial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the recording layer shall not exceed 0,20 μm;

the radial tracking error between the focus of the optical beam and the centre of a track shall not exceed 0,022 μm

- 75 -

Minimum quality of a Recording Unit This Clause specifies the minimum quality of the data of a Recording Unit as required for data interchange. The quality shall be measured on the Reference Drive as defined in Clause 9 and Annex E. A byte error occurs when one or more bits in a byte have a wrong value, as detected by the ECC and/or EDC circuits.

31.1

Tracking The focus of the optical beam shall not jump tracks unintentionally.

31.2

User-written data The user-written data in a Recording Unit as read in Read channel 1 shall not contain any byte errors that cannot be corrected by the error correction defined in 13.3. To relieve this requirement, a defect management system can be used, which autonomously replaces unreliable Recording Units (see Annex M).

- 76 -

Annex A (normative)

80 mm disk

The +RW Format also allows an 80 mm disk with capacities of 1,46 Gbytes and 2,92 Gbytes. All mechanical, physical and optical characteristics shall be equal to those of the 120 mm disks specified in this document, except for the following items: see: 10.2 Overall dimensions The disk shall have an overall diameter d 1 = 80,00 mm ± 0,30 mm see: 10.7 Information Zone The Information Zone shall extend from diameter d 6 to diameter d 7 = 77,5 mm min. This Zone consists of the Lead-in Zone, the Data Zone, and the Lead-out Zone. see: 11.1 Mass The mass of the disk shall be in the range of 6,0 g to 9,0 g. see: 11.2 Moment of inertia The moment of inertia of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 0,010 g .m2. see: 11.3 Dynamic Imbalance The dynamic imbalance of the disk, relative to its rotation axis, shall not exceed 1,5 g .mm. see: 14.1 Track shape The tracks shall be continuous in the Information Zone. The groove tracks shall start at a radius of 22,00 mm max. and end at a radius of 38,75 mm min. see: 14.4.1.1 ADIP word structure, bits 2 to 23 Physical ADIP Address (0379CC), which is the first address corresponding to the Lead-out Zone, shall be located at a radius ≤ 38,00 mm. see: 14.4.2.1 General information – Bytes 0 to 31 Byte 1 – Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b 4 shall specify the disk size, they shall be set to 0001, indicating a 80 mm disk. Bytes 4 to 15 – Data Zone allocation

Bytes 9 to 11 shall be set to (0DE72F) to specify PSN 911 151 as the last possible Physical Sector of the Data Zone.

- 77 -

see: 16 Layout of the Information Zone T a b l e A . 1 – L a y o u t o f t h e I n f o r m a ti o n Z o n e o f a f u l l y f o r m a t t e d d i s k Description

Nominal radius in mm

PSN of the first Physical Sector

Number of Physical Sectors

---

Lead-in

all the same as 120 mm disk

Data

Data Zone

start 24,000 mm

(030000)

714 544

Buffer Zone 3

start 38,000 mm

(0DE730)

768

Outer Disk Identification Zone

(0DEA30)

256

Guard Zone 2

(0DEB30)

4 096

(0DFB30)

4 096

Outer Drive Test Zone

(0E0B30)

12 288

Outer Disk Test Zone

(0E3B30)

2 048

(0E4330)

7 936 nominal

Lead-out

Reserved Zone 4

Guard Zone 3

start 38,082 mm

start 38,375 mm end ≥ 38,500 mm

see: 17.11.1 Physical format information Bytes 4 to 15 – Data Zone allocation

Bytes 9 to 11

in the first 16 ECC Blocks of the Control Data Zone: shall specify the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Recorded part of the Data Zone. in the remaining 176 ECC Blocks of the Control Data Zone: shall all be set to the Sector Number of the last Physical Sector of the Recorded part of the Data Zone, or shall all be set to (0DE72F) to specify PSN 911 151 as the last possible Physical Sector of the Data Zone.

see: 18 Data Zone 714 544 Physical Sectors of user data area. The start radius of the Data Zone is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (00C000) and the maximum end radius is determined by the location of Physical ADIP Address (0379CC) (see 14.4.1.1, bit 2 to 23 and 13.7.1).

- 78 -

see: 19 Lead-out Zone Data Zone --Physical Sector 911 152

Buffer Zone 3 768 Physical Sectors

Physical Sector 911 919 Physical Sector 911 920 Outer Disk Identification Zone 256 Physical Sectors Physical Sector 912 175 Guard Zone 2 Physical Sector 912 176 4 096 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Physical Sector 916 271 Reserved Zone 4 Physical Sector 916 272 4 096 Physical Sectors Physical Sector 920 367 Outer Drive Test Zone Physical Sector 920 368 12 288 Physical Sectors Physical Sector 932 655 Outer Disk Test Zone Physical Sector 932 656 2 048 Physical Sectors Physical Sector 934 703 Guard Zone 3 Physical Sector 934 704 7 936 Physical Sectors with Main Data set to (00) Physical Sector 942 639

--Physical Sector (0DE730) Physical Sector (0DEA2F) Physical Sector (0DEA30) Physical Sector (0DEB2F) Physical Sector (0DEB30) Physical Sector (0DFB2F) Physical Sector (0DFB30) Physical Sector (0E0B2F) Physical Sector (0E0B30) Physical Sector (0E3B2F) Physical Sector (0E3B30) Physical Sector (0E432F) Physical Sector (0E4330) Physical Sector (0E622F)

Figure A.1 — Lead-out Zone

see: 19.1 Buffer Zone 3 The start location of Buffer Zone 3 is (0DE730). see: 21.3 Sequential recording Table A.2 — Length of Temporary Lead-out Zone Length of the Recorded part of the Data Zone (end radius)

End of the Temporary Lead-out Zone (radius)

less than 34,0 mm

35,0 mm min.

34,0 mm to 37,5 mm

end radius Data Zone + 1,0 mm min.

37,5 to 38,0 mm

38,5 mm

It is allowed to have an unrecorded area between the end of the Temporary Lead-out Zone and Buffer Zone 3 located at radius 38 mm. see: 22.2 Format of the FDCB Byte D 46 – Recording status flag

bit 6 to bit 5: ZERO ZERO = No Lead-out has been recorded ZERO ONE = Temporary Lead-out has been recorded adjoining the actual last sector of the Data Zone ONE ZERO = Lead-out is recorded from address (0DE730) to address (0DFB2F) (see Clause 19 and 21.2.1) ONE ONE = Lead-out is fully recorded adjoining the actual last sector of the Data Zone - 79 -

- 80 -

Annex B (normative)

Structure for Extended format information in the Data Zone

The ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone may be used to store information needed to support specific applications, such as e.g. encryption/decryption keys needed for a copy-protection system. This annex only specifies the general structure for such information.

B.1 Extended format information The Extended Format Information consists of a table of contents (EFI TOC) and up to 16 distinct regions that contain additional format information. The EFI TOC defines the location and contents of the regions contained in the Extended Format Information, see B.1.1. The EFI TOC shall be stored in the ADIP Aux Frames (see 14.4.1.1) in the Data Zone, starting at the ADIP word that has Physical ADIP Address (00C000). The regions of the Extended Format Information shall be located in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone and/or shall be present as pre-recorded areas in the main data channel. Each region contains one or more copies of a data block of a particular type, as indicated in the EFI TOC. Figure B.1 schematically shows an example lay-out, based on the VCPS copy-protection system, with the EFI TOC and the VCPS-defined regions that are contained in the ADIP Aux Frames in the Data Zone. The EFI TOC consists of 8 consecutive copies of an ETOC block, where each ETOC block contains the complete EFI TOC information (see B.1.1). The VCPS-defined hash region contains one or more copies of the DKB hash value, as specified in the EFI TOC. The VCPS-defined DKB region contains one or more copies of the DKB, as specified in the EFI TOC. Gaps may exist between any two regions. All bytes in the ADIP Aux Frames in the gaps shall be set to (00). 0x0C000

0x0C800

EFI TOC

gap

hash region

gap

DKB region N bytes

DKB

16 bytes

DKB

# of copies specified in EFI TOC

hash

ETOC

hash

# of copies specified in EFI TOC

256 bytes

ETOC

hash

ETOC

8 copies

Figure B.1 — Example lay-out of Extended format information in ADIP

B.1.1 EFI TOC The EFI TOC starts at the ADIP word that has Physical Address (00C000). The length of the EFI TOC is 8 ADIP Aux Frames, which is equivalent to 2048 consecutive ADIP words. As shown in Figure B.1, the EFI TOC consists of 8 consecutive copies of an ETOC block. The ETOC block consists of at most 16 Region Descriptors, as defined in Figure B.2. The combined size of all Region Descriptors contained in the ETOC block shall be no more than 256 bytes. Remaining bytes shall be set to all zeros, such that the size of the ETOC block is exactly 256 bytes. - 81 -

Bit Byte 0 : : : : : : : : 255

Region Descriptor #1 Region Descriptor #2 : Region Descriptor #n (00) : (00) Figure B.2 — ETOC block

Region Descriptor #i: Region Descriptor #i contains information with respect to the i-th region of the Extended Format Information (1 ≤ i ≤ n ≤ 16). A Region Descriptor consists of a Basic Region Descriptor followed by zero or more Extended Region Descriptors. The format of a Basic Region Descriptor is defined in Figure B.3. The format of an Extended Region Descriptor is defined in Figure B.4.

Bit Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 : 9 10 11 12 : 15

(msb) Region Type Identifier (lsb) Extent (msb)

Version number Region Start Address

(lsb)

(msb) Data Block Size (lsb) Repeat Count Reserved

Private

(msb) Alternative Location (lsb) Figure B.3 — Basic Region Descriptor

Region Type Identifier: The type of the data block that is contained in the region. Data blocks stored in different regions having the same Region Type Identifier shall be identical. Extent: The Extent bit shall indicate if this Basic Region Descriptor is followed by an Extended Region Descriptor, as follows: 0: This Basic Region Descriptor is not followed by an Extended Region Descriptor. 1: This Basic Region Descriptor is followed by an Extended Region Descriptor. Version Number: The revision of the data block type that is contained in the region. Region Start Address: If the data block is stored in the ADIP Aux Frames, the Region Start Address is given as the Physical ADIP Address of the ADIP word that contains the first byte of the data block, divided by 256. The Region Start Address shall be greater than or equal to (00C8). If the data block is not stored in the ADIP Aux Frames, the Region Start Address shall be zero. In that case the Alternative Location shall be non-zero and specify the location of the data block in the main data channel. - 82 -

Data Block Size: The size in bytes of a single copy of the data block in the region. The Data Block Size shall be set to zero if the data block is not contained in the ADIP Aux Frames. Repeat Count: The number of consecutive copies of the data block that are contained in the region. If the data block is stored in the ADIP Aux Frames and the region extends through the end of the Disk, Repeat Count shall be set to 0. The Repeat Count shall be set to zero if the data block is not contained in the ADIP Aux Frames. Reserved: All reserved bits shall be set to ‘0’. Private: The Private bit shall indicate if a Drive is permitted to output the contents of the region, as follows: 0: A Drive is permitted to output the contents of the region. 1: A Drive is not permitted to output the contents of the region. Alternative Location: In addition to, or alternative to storage in the ADIP Aux Frames, the data block may be stored in a contiguous area of the main data channel. In that case, the Alternative Location specifies the first Physical Sector Number of the location in the main data channel that contains one or more copies of the data block. Otherwise, Alternative Location shall be set to zero. Note that the format of the data block as contained in the main data channel may be different from the format of the data block as contained in the ADIP Aux Frames.

Bit Byte 0 1 2 3 4 : 15

(msb) Region Type Identifier (lsb) Extent

Version number Reserved Figure B.4 — Extended Region Descriptor

Region Type Identifier: the Region Type Identifier shall be identical to the Region Type Identifier contained in the preceding Basic Region Descriptor. Extent: The Extent bit shall indicate if this Extended Region Descriptor is followed by another Extended Region Descriptor, as follows: 0: This Extended Region Descriptor is not followed by another Extended Region Descriptor. 1: This Extended Region Descriptor is followed by another Extended Region Descriptor. Version Number: the Version Number shall be identical to the Version Number contained in the preceding Basic Region Descriptor. Reserved: All reserved bytes shall be set to (00).

- 83 -

- 84 -

Annex C (normative)

Measurement of light reflectivity

C.1 Calibration method The reflectivity of a disk can be measured in several ways. The two most common methods are: − parallel method, − focused method. For use in players the focused method with the help of a reference disk with known reflectance is the most relevant and easiest one, while for the calibration of the reference disk the parallel method is easier. When measuring the reflectivity in the focused way, only the light returned by the reflective layer of the disk (Im ) will fall onto the photo detector. The reflected light coming from the front surface of the disk and the light coming from the parasitic reflections inside the disk will mainly fall outside the photo detector. Because in the parallel method only the “total” reflected power (I//) can be measured, a calculation is needed to determine the “main” reflectance from the reflective layer. A good reference disk shall be chosen, for instance 0,6 mm glass disk with a golden reflective mirror. This reference disk shall be measured by a parallel beam as shown in Figure C.1.

Iint I// Im Is

Figure C.1 — Reflectivity calibration

In this Figure the following applies: R = reflectance of the recording layer (including the double pass substrate transmittance) r s = reflectance of the entrance surface R ref = reflectance as measured by the focussed beam (is by definition = Im = reflectance as measured by the parallel beam (is by definition = I //

R // IB Is Im Iint I//

= = = = =

)

power of incident beam reflected power from entrance surface reflected power from recording layer reflected power from internal reflections between entrance surface and recording layer measured reflected power (Is + Im + Iint) - 85 -

The reflectance of the entrance surface is defined by: 2

⎛ n − 1⎞ rs = ⎜ ⎟ , where n is the index of refraction of the substrate. ⎝ n + 1⎠

The main reflected power Im = I// - Is -Iint which leads to: ⎡ (1 − rs )2 × (R // − rs ) ⎤ Rref = ⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ 1 − rs × (2 − R // ) ⎥⎦

The reference disk shall be measured on a reference drive. The total detector current (I1 + I2) obtained from the reference disk, and measured by the focused beam is equated to Im as determined above. Now the arrangement is calibrated and the focused reflectance is a linear function of the reflectivity of the recording layer and the double pass substrate transmission, independently from the reflectivity of the entrance surface.

C.2 Measuring method Reflectivity in the unrecorded Information Zone

A method of measuring the reflectance using the reference drive. (1) Measure the total detector current (I1 + I2) s from the reference disk with calibrated reflectance R ref. (2) Measure the total detector current (I1 + I2) g from a groove track in an area of the disk under investigation where the groove track and the two adjacent tracks on each side of the track to be measured have been erased. Erasure of these tracks shall be done by irradiating the tracks using only the Pe power as determined from the OPC algorithm (see Annex I). (3) Calculate the unrecorded disk reflectance R d as follows: (I1 + I2 )g Rd = ×R (I1 + I2 )s ref Reflectivity in the recorded Information Zone

A method of measuring the reflectance using the reference drive. (1) Measure the total detector current (I1 + I2) s from the reference disk with calibrated reflectance R ref. (2) Measure I14H from a recorded groove track in an area of the disk under investigation where at least the two adjacent tracks on each side of the track to be measured also have been recorded. Recording of these tracks shall be done using the optimum powers as determined from the OPC algorithm (see Annex I). (3) Calculate the recorded disk reflectance R 14H as follows: I R14H = 14H × Rref (I1 + I 2 )s

- 86 -

Annex D (normative)

Measurement of birefringence

D.1 Principle of the measurement In order to measure the birefringence, circularly polarized light in a parallel beam is used. The phase retardation is measured by observing the ellipticity of the reflected light.

Figure D.1 — Ellipse with ellipticity e = b/a and orientation θ

The orientation θ of the ellipse is determined by the orientation of the optical axis

θ = γ - π/4

(1)

where γ is the angle between the optical axis and the radial direction. The ellipticity, e = b/a, is a function of the phase retardation δ ⎡1 ⎛ π ⎞⎤ e = tan⎢ ⎜ − δ ⎟⎥ ⎠⎦ ⎣2 ⎝ 2

(2)

When the phase retardation δ is known the birefringence BR can be expressed as a fraction of the wavelength BR =

λ δ nm 2π

(3)

Thus, by observing the elliptically polarized light reflected from the disk, the birefringence can be measured and the orientation of the optical axis can be assessed as well.

D.2 Measurements conditions The measurement of the birefringence specified above shall be made under the following conditions. Mode of measurement in reflection, double pass through the substrate. - 87 -

Wavelength λ of the laser light Beam diameter (FWHM)

640 nm ± 15 nm

Angle β of incidence in radial direction relative to the radial plane perpendicular to Reference Plane P Disk mounting Rotation Temperature and relative humidity

7,0 ° ± 0,2 °

1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm

horizontally less than 1 Hz as specified in 8.1.1

D.3 Example of a measurement set-up Whilst this Ecma Standard does not prescribe a specific device for measuring birefringence, the device shown schematically in Figure D.2 as an example, is well suited for this measurement.

laser

photo detector collimator lens

polarizer rotating analyzer λ/4 plate β disc

Figure D.2 — Example of a device for the measurement of birefringence

Light from a laser source, collimated into a polarizer (extinction ratio ≈ 10 -5), is made circular by a λ/4 plate. The ellipticity of the reflected light is analyzed by a rotating analyzer and a photo detector. For every location on the disk, the minimum and the maximum values of the intensity are measured. The ellipticity can then be calculated as I e2 = min

(4)

Imax

Combining equations (2), (3), and (4) yields BR =

I λ λ − arctan min 4 π Imax

This device can be easily calibrated as follows

− −

Imin is set to 0 by measuring a polarizer or a λ/ 4 plate , Imin = Imax when measuring a mirror

Apart of the d.c. contribution of the front surface reflection, a.c. components may occur, due to the interference of the reflection(s) of the front surface with the reflection(s) from the recording layer. These a.c. reflectivity effects are significant only if the disk substrate has an extremely accurate flatness and if the light source has a high coherence.

- 88 -

Annex E (normative)

Measuring conditions for operation signals

E.1 System diagram for jitter measurement and determination of the characteristics of user data The general system diagram shall be as shown in Figure E.1.

HF-signal pre-amp's AC-coupling 4-quadrant photo-detector

LPF

phase detector filter VCO PLL

slicer all data edges

clock signal

e.g. Time Interval Analyzer jitter analyzer

Figure E.1 — General diagram for jitter measurement

- 89 -

start/stop signal from revolution pulse

E.2 Open loop transfer function for PLL The open-loop transfer function for the PLL shall be as shown in Figure E.2 Gain (dB) -40 dB/decade

-20 dB/decade 75

0 dB 1,5

Frequency (kHz)

-40 dB/decade

Figure E.2 — Schematic representation of the open-loop transfer function for PLL

E.3 Slicer The slicer shall be a 1 st order, integrating feed-back auto-slicer with a -3 dB closed-loop bandwidth of 5 kHz.

E.4 Conditions for measurement The bandwidth of the pre-amplifier of the photo detector shall be greater than 20 MHz in order to prevent group-delay distortion. Equalizer:

3-tap transversal filter with transfer function H( z ) = 1,364 z -2 - 0,182 (1 + z -4)

Low-pass filter: 6th order Bessel filter, f c (-3 dB) = 8,2 MHz Filtering plus equalization:

− − −

Gain variation: Group delay variation: (Gain at 5,0 MHz - Gain at 0 Hz):

1 dB max. (below 7 MHz) 1 ns max. (below 7 MHz) 3,2 dB ± 0,3 dB

a.c. coupling (high-pass filter) = 1st order, f c (-3 dB) = 1 kHz Correction of the angular deviation: only d.c. deviation shall be corrected.

- 90 -

Gain (dB) +6

Equalizer +3

Equalizer + Bessel filter 0

-3

Bessel filter

-6 0

Frequency (MHz)

Figure E.3 — Frequency characteristics for the equalizer and the low-pass filter

E.5 Measurement The jitter of all leading and trailing edges over one revolution shall be measured.

- 91 -

- 92 -

Annex F (normative)

Measurement of the differential phase tracking error

F.1 Measuring method for the differential phase tracking error The reference circuit for the measurement of the tracking error shall be that shown in Figure F.1. Each output of the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant photo detector shall be converted to binary signals independently after equalization of the wave form with the transfer function defined by: H(iω ) = (1 + 1,6 × 10-7 × iω ) / (1 + 4,7 × 10-8 × iω ) The gain of the comparators shall be sufficient to reach full saturation on the outputs, even with minimum signal amplitudes. Phases of the binary pulse signal edges (signals B1 and B2) shall be compared to each other to produce a time-lead signal C1 and a time-lag signal C2. The phase comparator shall react to each individual edge with signal C1 or C2, depending on the sign of Δti . A tracking error signal shall be produced by smoothing the C1, C2 signals with low-pass filters and by subtracting by means of a unity gain differential amplifier. The low-pass filters shall be 1st order filters with a cut-off frequency (-3 dB) of 30 kHz. Special attention shall be given to the implementation of the circuit because very small time differences have to be measured (1 % of T equals only 0,38 ns). Careful averaging is needed. The average time difference between two signals from the diagonal pairs of elements of the quadrant detector shall be Δt =

1 ∑ Δt i N

where N is the number of edges, both rising and falling.

F.2 Measurement of Δt /T without time interval analyzer The relative time difference Δt /T is represented by the amplitude of the tracking error signal provided that the amplitudes of the C1 and C2 signals and the frequency component of the read-out signals are normalized. The relation between the tracking error amplitude ΔTVE and the time difference is given by: ΔTVE =

∑ Δti Vpc = ∑ Δti Vpc = Δt × Vpc NnT T n ∑ Ti

where: Vpc is the amplitude of the C1 and C2 signals Ti is the actual length of the read-out signal in the range 3T to 14T n.T is the weighted average value of the actual lengths N .n.T is the total averaging time. The specification for the tracking gain can now be rewritten by using the tracking error amplitude as follows: 0,5 × ( Vpc ) ≤ ΔTVE ≤ 1,1× ( Vpc ) at 0,1 μm radial offset. n n

- 93 -

amp Ia

signal A1

signal B1 level comparator

equalizer H(iω )

Ib -7

H(iω) =

1+1.6×10 × iω -8 1+4.7 ×10 × i ω

Ic amp

signal A2

signal C1 phase comparator

low pass filter 1st order -3 dB @ 30 kHz

signal C2

low pass filter

signal B2 level comparator

equalizer H(iω )

+ differential amp (1X) -

signal TVE ΔTVE

tracking error (0,1 μm) Δti = positive signal A1

Δti = negative

signal A2 signal B1

signal B2

signal C1

Vpc

signal C2

Figure F.1 — Circuit for tracking error measurements

- 94 -

F.3 Calibration of the circuit Assuming that Vpc equals ≈ 5 V and that the measured value of n equals ≈ 5, then the above relation between the tracking error amplitude ΔTVE and the time difference Δt can be simplified to: ΔTVE =

Δt Vpc Δt × ≈ T n T

The average runlength n of the 8-to-16 modulated signal is depending on the data content and the averaging time. Therefore the circuit shall be calibrated with a fixed frequency signal, corresponding to a modulated signal with 5T runlengths. For this purpose sinusoidal signals with a frequency of 2,616 MHz can be used. Typically the pulses of signals C1 and C2 will be generated by some digital gate circuit with an output signal switching between ground and the supply voltage. This voltage swing is assumed to be about 5 volts, however, depending on the applied technology, it may deviate from 5 volts significantly. Because the formal specification for the DPD signal is: 0,5 ≤

Δt ≤ 1,1 at 0,1 μm radial offset, T

the measurement by means of ΔTVE is influenced by the actual values of Vpc and n. Therefore the following calibration procedure shall be applied.

F.3.1 Saturation of comparators Make sure that the gain of the level comparators is such that for all actual input signal levels, the signals B1 and B2 are square wave signals. In this case the amplitude of the signal TVE is independent of the amplitude of the input signals. saturation area

TVE signal amplitude

0 0

Comparator input signal amplitude

Figure F.2 — Tracking error signal amplitude versus comparator input signal amplitude

- 95 -

F.3.2 Correction for n and Vpc Because of the above mentioned deviations of n and Vpc, and possibly some other circuit parameters, a correction factor K has to be determined, such that:

Δt /T (real) = K × ΔTVE (measured). This can be achieved in the following way: a) Generate two sinusoidal signals A1 and A2 of frequency 2,616 MHz with a phase difference, and inject them into the two equalizer circuits. b) Measure the relation between Δt / T and ΔTVE , and determine K from Figure F.3: K=

Δt /T(injecte d) ΔTVE (measured)

ΔTVE

. Now the set-up is ready for use.

1.2 theoretical line for Vpc=5V and n=5

1.0 0.8 0.6

example of measured line

0.4 0.2 0

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Δt / T

Figure F.3 — ΔTVE versus Δt /T

- 96 -

Annex G (normative)

The write pulse wave form for testing

For different speed ranges, different write strategies can be used. This version of this document specifies two options, where both options use the same write pulse waveform, however with a different timing resolution. The write pulse waveform obtained from the NRZI data and the channel clock is shown in Figure G.1. It consists of N-1 pulses, where N is the length of the NRZI pulse expressed in channel clock cycles. The values for Pw, Pe, and Pc are determined according to the OPC algorithm (see Annex I). An example of the write pulse waveform for the minimum mark, the minimum space and an 8T mark is shown in Figure G.2.

NRZI channel bits

TW Tmp Ttop dTtop

dTera

Pe Pc

0 mW Figure G.1 — Write pulse waveform

G.1 Timing parameters for the basic write strategy The pulse width times, Ttop and Tmp shall be as indicated by byte 51 and byte 52 in 14.4.2.2 respectively. The duration is partly fixed and partly variable depending on the writing speed: Ttop = i × 16 TW + j × 2 ns ± 0,5 ns , where i = 0, 1 or 2 and j = 1, 2, .. or 7 Tmp = m × 16 TW + n × 2 ns ± 0,5 ns , where m = 0 or 1 and n = 1, 2, .. or 5 The first pulse lead-time and the erase lead-time shall be as indicated by byte 53 and byte 54/55/56 in 14.4.2.2 respectively. The duration is variable with the writing speed, but shall have a fixed ratio to the write clock period. dTtop = p × 16 TW , where p = 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 dTera = q × 16 TW , where q = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 or 3 (positive values are leading as indicated in Figure G.1) The laser power shall be switched to Cooling level after each T top and Tmp pulse for at least 1 ns.

- 97 -

G.2 Timing parameters for the “4x” write strategy The pulse width times, Ttop and Tmp shall be as indicated by byte 86 and byte 87 in 14.4.2.3.1 respectively. The duration is partly fixed and partly variable depending on the writing speed: (0,6 ns corresponds to 116 TW at 4x speed) Ttop = i × 116 TW + j × 0,6 ns ± 0,3 ns , where i = 0, 1, .. or 8 and j = 1, 2 .. or 15 Tmp = m × 116 TW + n × 0,6 ns ± 0,3 ns , where m = 0, 1, .. or 8 and n = 1, 2 .. or 10 The first pulse lead-time and the erase lead-time shall be as indicated by byte 88/89/90 and byte 91/92/93 in 14.4.2.3.1 respectively. The duration is variable with the writing speed, but shall have a fixed ratio to the write clock period. dTtop = p × 116 TW , where p = -4, -3, .. , -1, 0, 1, .. or 7 dTera = (q + 4) × 116 TW , where q = -8, -7, .. , -1, 0, 1, .. or 7 (positive values are leading as indicated in Figure G.1) The laser power shall be switched to Cooling level after each Ttop and Tmp pulse for at least 1 ns, except after the last Tmp pulse where this period is allowed to be reduced to 0 length.

NRZI data 3T mark

3T space

8T mark

Figure G.2 — Example of a Multiple-pulse

- 98 -

G.3 Rise and fall times The rise times, T r, and fall times, Tf, as specified in Figure G.3 shall not exceed 2 ns. Possible overshoots shall be < 20 % of the step size (P1, P2 or P3).

dTtop

Ttop

Tmp

dTera

P1 0,9P1 0,1P1

0,5P1 P2 0,9P2 Tr1 P3 0,9P3

0,5P2

0,5P3

0,1P2

Tf1

0,1P3

Tr2

Figure G.3 — Rise Times and Fall Times

- 99 -

Tf2

Tr3

- 100 -

Annex H (normative)

8-to-16 Modulation

8-to-16 modulation shall satisfy RLL(2,10) requirements. The encoding system is shown in Figure H.1 with the conversion tables shown in Table H.1 and Table H.2.

8-bit byte, B(t) State, S(t)

16-bit Code Word, X(t) Conversion Table

Next State, S(t+1)

T T = delay of one conversion

Where:

X(t) = H{B(t), S(t)} X15(t) = msb and X0(t) = lsb S(t+1) = G{B(t), S(t)} H is the output function from the conversion tables G is the next-state function from the conversion tables Figure H.1 — Code Word generating system

The States of the Code Words, X(t), shall be chosen to satisfy the RLL(2,10) requirements of a minimum of 2 ZEROs and a maximum of 10 ZEROs between ONEs of adjacent Code Words. Code Word X(t)

Next State S(t+1)

Code Word X(t+1)

Ends with 1 or no trailing ZEROs

State 1

Starts with 2 to 9 leading ZEROs

Ends with 2 to 5 trailing ZEROs

State 2

Starts with 1or up to 5 leading ZEROs and X15(t+1) , X3(t+1) = 0,0

Ends with 2 to 5 trailing ZEROs

State 3

Starts with none or up to 5 leading ZEROs and X15(t+1) , X3(t+1) ≠ 0,0

Ends with 6 to 9 trailing ZEROs

State 4

Starts with 1 or no leading ZEROs

Figure H.2 — Determination of States

Note that when decoding the recorded data, knowledge about the encoder is required to be able to reconstitute the original bytes. B(t) = H -1{X(t), S(t)} Because of the involved error propagation, such state-dependent decoding is to be avoided. In the case of this 8-to-16 modulation, the conversion tables have been chosen in such a way that knowledge about the State is not required in most cases. As can be gathered from the tables, in some cases, two 8-bit bytes, for instance the 8-bit bytes 5 and 6 in States 1 and 2 in Table H.1 generate the same 16-bit Code Words. The - 101 -

construction of the tables allows to solve this apparent ambiguity. Indeed, if two identical Code Words leave a State, one of them goes to State 2 and the other to State 3. Because the setting of bits X15 and X3 is always different in these two States, any Code Word can be uniquely decoded by analysing the Code Word itself together with bits X 15 and X3 of the next Code Word: B(t) = H -1{ X(t), X15(t+1), X3(t+1) } The Substitution table, Table H.2, is included to insure meeting the DCC requirements of 13.8. Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table State 1 8-bit byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

Code Word msb lsb 0010000000001001 0010000000010010 0010000100100000 0010000001001000 0010000010010000 0010000000100100 0010000000100100 0010000001001000 0010000010010000 0010000100100000 0010010010000000 0010001001000000 0010010010000001 0010001001000001 0010000001001001 0010000100100001 0010000010010001 0010000000100010 0001000000001001 0010000000010001 0001000000010010 0000100000000010 0000010000000001 0010001000100000 0010000100010000 0010000010001000 0010000001000100 0001000100100000 0010000000001000 0001000010010000 0001000001001000 0001000000100100 0001000000000100 0001000000000100 0001000000100100 0001000001001000 0001000010010000 0001000100100000 0010000000001000 0010000001000100 0010000010001000 0010000100010000 0010001000100000 0010010001000000 0001001001000000 0000001000000001 0010010010000010 0010000010001001 0010010001000001 0010001001000010 0010001000100001

State 2 Next State 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100000 0010000000010010 0010000100100000 0100010010000000 0010000010010000 0010000000100100 0010000000100100 0100000000010010 0010000010010000 0010000100100000 0010010010000000 0010001001000000 0010010010000001 0010001001000001 0100000000100100 0010000100100001 0010000010010001 0010000000100010 0100000010010000 0010000000010001 0001000000010010 0000100000000010 0000010000000001 0010001000100000 0010000100010000 0100000000100100 0010000001000100 0001000100100000 0100000010010000 0001000010010000 0100000100100000 0001000000100100 0001000000000100 0001000000000100 0001000000100100 0100001001000000 0001000010010000 0001000100100000 0100100100000001 0010000001000100 0100010010000001 0010000100010000 0010001000100000 0010010001000000 0001001001000000 0100010001000000 0010010010000010 0100001001000001 0010010001000001 0010001001000010 0010001000100001

State 3 Next State 2 1 2 4 2 2 3 1 3 3 4 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 2 3 3 4 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 4 4 4 1 1 1 1 1

- 102 -

Code Word msb lsb 0010000000001001 1000000100100000 1000000000010010 0010000001001000 1000000100100000 1001001000000000 1000100100000000 0010000001001000 1000010010000000 1001001000000001 1000100100000001 1000000010010000 1000000010010000 1000010010000001 0010000001001001 1000001001000001 1000000100100001 1000001001000000 0001000000001001 1001000100000000 1000100010000000 1000000010010001 1000000001001001 1000000001001000 1000000001001000 0010000010001000 1000000000100010 1000000000010001 0010000000001000 1001001000000010 0001000001001000 1001000100000001 1000100100000010 1000100010000001 1000000000100100 0001000001001000 1000000000100100 1000010001000000 0010000000001000 1001000010000000 0010000010001000 1000010010000010 1000001000100000 1000010001000001 1000001000100000 1000001001000010 1000001000100001 0010000010001001 1000000100010000 1000000010001000 1000000100010000

State 4 Next State 1 3 1 2 2 4 4 3 4 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 3 3 4 3 4 3 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 2 3

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100000 1000000100100000 1000000000010010 0100010010000000 1000000100100000 1001001000000000 1000100100000000 0100000000010010 1000010010000000 1001001000000001 1000100100000001 1000000010010000 1000000010010000 1000010010000001 0100000000100100 1000001001000001 1000000100100001 1000001001000000 0100000010010000 1001000100000000 1000100010000000 1000000010010001 1000000001001001 1000000001001000 1000000001001000 0100000000100100 1000000000100010 1000000000010001 0100000010010000 1001001000000010 0100000100100000 1001000100000001 1000100100000010 1000100010000001 1000000000100100 0100001001000000 1000000000100100 1000010001000000 0100100100000001 1001000010000000 0100010010000001 1000010010000010 1000001000100000 1000010001000001 1000001000100000 0100010001000000 1000001000100001 0100001001000001 1000000100010000 1000000010001000 1000000100010000

Next State 2 3 1 4 2 4 4 1 4 1 1 3 2 1 3 1 1 4 2 4 4 1 1 2 3 2 1 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 4 3 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 3 4 1 1 2 2 3

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (continued) State 1 8-bit byte 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

Code Word msb lsb 0001000001001001 0010000100100010 0010000100010001 0010000010010010 0010000001000010 0010000000100001 0000100000001001 0001001001000001 0001000100100001 0001000010010001 0001000000100010 0001000000010001 0000100000010010 0000010000000010 0010010000100000 0010001000010000 0010000100001000 0010000010000100 0010000000010000 0001000010001000 0001001000100000 0001000000001000 0001000100010000 0001000001000100 0000100100100000 0000100010010000 0000100001001000 0000100000100100 0000100000000100 0000100000000100 0000100000100100 0000100001001000 0000100010010000 0000100100100000 0001000000001000 0001000001000100 0001000010001000 0001000100010000 0001001000100000 0010000000010000 0010000010000100 0010000100001000 0010001000010000 0010010000100000 0000001000000010 0000000100000001 0010010010001001 0010010010010010 0010010001000010 0010010000100001 0010001001001001 0010001000100010 0010001000010001 0010000100010010 0010000010000010 0010000100001001 0010000001000001 0001001001000010 0001001000100001 0001000100100010

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100001 0010000100100010 0010000100010001 0010000010010010 0010000001000010 0010000000100001 0100000010010001 0001001001000001 0001000100100001 0001000010010001 0001000000100010 0001000000010001 0000100000010010 0000010000000010 0010010000100000 0010001000010000 0100000000100010 0010000010000100 0010000000010000 0100001000100000 0001001000100000 0100000100010000 0001000100010000 0001000001000100 0000100100100000 0000100010010000 0100000001000100 0000100000100100 0000100000000100 0000100000000100 0000100000100100 0100000001000100 0000100010010000 0000100100100000 0100000100010000 0001000001000100 0100001000100000 0001000100010000 0001001000100000 0010000000010000 0010000010000100 0100000000010001 0010001000010000 0010010000100000 0100100100000010 0100100010000001 0100010000100000 0010010010010010 0010010001000010 0010010000100001 0100010010000010 0010001000100010 0010001000010001 0010000100010010 0010000010000010 0100001000010000 0010000001000001 0001001001000010 0001001000100001 0001000100100010

State 3 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

- 103 -

Code Word msb lsb 0001000001001001 1000000100100010 1000000100010001 1000000010010010 1000000010001001 1000000001000010 0000100000001001 1000000000100001 0100000001001001 1001001000010010 1001001000001001 1001000100000010 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0010000100001000 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0001000010001000 0100000010001000 0001000000001000 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0000100001001000 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100000010001000 1000100001000000 0000100001001000 1000000010001000 1001001001001000 0001000000001000 1001001000100100 0001000010001000 1001001001001000 1001000010000001 1000100100010010 1000100100001001 0010000100001000 1000100010000010 1000100001000001 1000010010010010 1000010010001001 0010010010001001 1001001000000100 1001001000100100 1000010001000010 0010001001001001 1000010000100001 1000001001001001 1000001000100010 1000001000010001 0010000100001001 1000000100010010 1000000100001001 1000000010000010 1000000001000001

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000100100001 1000000100100010 1000000100010001 1000000010010010 1000000010001001 1000000001000010 0100000010010001 1000000000100001 0100000001001001 1001001000010010 1001001000001001 1001000100000010 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0100000000100010 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100001000100000 0100000010001000 0100000100010000 1000000001000100 0100000001001000 1000010000100000 1000001000010000 0100000001000100 1000000100001000 1000000010000100 0100000010001000 1000100001000000 0100000001000100 1000000010001000 1001001001001000 0100000100010000 1001001000100100 0100001000100000 1001001001001000 1001000010000001 1000100100010010 1000100100001001 0100000000010001 1000100010000010 1000100001000001 0100100100000010 0100100010000001 0100010000100000 1001001000000100 1001001000100100 1000010001000010 0100010010000010 1000010000100001 1000001001001001 1000001000100010 1000001000010001 0100001000010000 1000000100010010 1000000100001001 1000000010000010 1000000001000001

Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (continued) State 1 8-bit byte 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170

Code Word msb lsb 0001000100010001 0001000010010010 0001000001000010 0001000010001001 0001000000100001 0000100100100001 0000100010010001 0000100001001001 0000100000100010 0000100000010001 0000010000001001 0000010000010010 0010010010000100 0010010000010000 0010001000001000 0010001001000100 0001000100001000 0010000100100100 0000100010001000 0010000100000100 0010000000100000 0001001000010000 0000100000001000 0001000010000100 0001000000010000 0000100100010000 0000100001000100 0000010001001000 0000010010010000 0000010000100100 0000010000000100 0000010000000100 0000010000100100 0000010001001000 0000010010010000 0000100000001000 0000100001000100 0000100010001000 0000100100010000 0001000000010000 0001000010000100 0001000100001000 0001001000010000 0010000000100000 0010000100000100 0010000100100100 0010001000001000 0010001001000100 0010010000010000 0010010010000100 0000001000010010 0000001000001001 0000000100000010 0000000010000001 0010010010010001 0010010000100010 0010010001001001 0010010000010001 0010001000010010 0010000100000010

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0001000100010001 0001000010010010 0001000001000010 0100010000100000 0001000000100001 0000100100100001 0000100010010001 0100010001000001 0000100000100010 0000100000010001 0100001001000010 0000010000010010 0010010010000100 0010010000010000 0100001000100001 0010001001000100 0100000100100010 0010000100100100 0100000100010001 0010000100000100 0010000000100000 0001001000010000 0100000010010010 0001000010000100 0001000000010000 0000100100010000 0000100001000100 0100000001000010 0000010010010000 0000010000100100 0000010000000100 0000010000000100 0000010000100100 0100000010000100 0000010010010000 0100000000010000 0000100001000100 0100000010000100 0000100100010000 0001000000010000 0001000010000100 0100001000010000 0001001000010000 0010000000100000 0010000100000100 0010000100100100 0100000000100001 0010001001000100 0010010000010000 0010010010000100 0100000000010000 0100100100100100 0100100100100100 0100100100010010 0010010010010001 0010010000100010 0100100100000100 0010010000010001 0010001000010010 0010000100000010

State 3 Next State 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1

- 104 -

Code Word msb lsb 0100000010001001 1001001001001001 1001001000100010 0001000010001001 1001001000010001 1001000100010010 1001000100001001 0000100001001001 1000100100100100 1000100100000100 0000010000001001 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 0010001000001000 1000001001000100 0001000100001000 1000001000001000 0000100010001000 1000000100100100 1001001000000100 1000100100100100 0000100000001000 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 1000001001000100 0000010001001000 1000001000001000 1001000010000010 1000000100000100 1000000100100100 1000000100000100 0000010001001000 1001000001000000 0000100000001000 1000000000100000 0000100010001000 1000000000100000 0100000100001000 1000000001000000 0001000100001000 1001000001000001 0100000100001000 1001000100100100 1000100100100010 0010001000001000 1000100100000100 1001001001000100 1001001000001000 1000100100010001 1000100010010010 1000100010001001 1000100001000010 1001000100100100 1001000100000100 0010010001001001 1001001001000100 1000100000100001 1000010010010001

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 1 2 3 3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 1 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100000010001001 1001001001001001 1001001000100010 0100010000100000 1001001000010001 1001000100010010 1001000100001001 0100010001000001 1000100100100100 1000100100000100 0100001001000010 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 0100001000100001 1000001001000100 0100000100100010 1000001000001000 0100000100010001 1000000100100100 1001001000000100 1000100100100100 0100000010010010 1000100000100000 1000010010000100 1000010000010000 1000001001000100 0100000001000010 1000001000001000 1001000010000010 1000000100000100 1000000100100100 1000000100000100 0100000010000100 1001000001000000 0100000000010000 1000000000100000 0100000010000100 1000000000100000 0100000100001000 1000000001000000 0100001000010000 1001000001000001 0100000100001000 1001000100100100 1000100100100010 0100000000100001 0100100100000000 1001001001000100 1001001000001000 0100000000010000 0100100100100100 0100100100100100 0100100100010010 1001000100100100 1001000100000100 0100100100000100 1001001001000100 1000100000100001 1000010010010001

Next State 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1 3 1 2 3 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 3 1 2 3 1 1 4 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 3 1 1

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (continued) State 1 8-bit byte 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230

Code Word msb lsb 0010001000001001 0010000010000001 0001001000100010 0001001000010001 0001000100010010 0001000010000010 0001001001001001 0001000001000001 0000100100100010 0000100100010001 0001000100001001 0000100010010010 0000100001000010 0000100010001001 0000100000100001 0000010010010001 0000010000100010 0000010001001001 0000010000010001 0000001001001000 0000001000100100 0000001000000100 0010010010001000 0010010001000100 0010010000001000 0010001000100100 0010001000000100 0010001001001000 0001001001000100 0001000100100100 0001000100000100 0001001000001000 0001000000100000 0000100010000100 0000100000010000 0000100100001000 0000010010001000 0000010001000100 0000010000001000 0000001000000100 0000001000100100 0000001001001000 0000010000001000 0000010001000100 0000010010001000 0000100000010000 0000100010000100 0000100100001000 0001000000100000 0001000100000100 0001000100100100 0001001000001000 0001001001000100 0010001000000100 0010001000100100 0010001001001000 0010010000001000 0010010001000100 0010010010001000 0010000001000000

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

Code Word msb lsb 0100100000100000 0010000010000001 0001001000100010 0001001000010001 0001000100010010 0001000010000010 0100100010000010 0001000001000001 0000100100100010 0000100100010001 0100100000100000 0000100010010010 0000100001000010 0100010010000100 0000100000100001 0000010010010001 0000010000100010 0100100001000001 0000010000010001 0100010010000100 0100010000010000 0100001001000100 0100010000010000 0010010001000100 0100010010010010 0010001000100100 0010001000000100 0100010001000010 0001001001000100 0001000100100100 0001000100000100 0100010000100001 0001000000100000 0000100010000100 0000100000010000 0100001000100010 0100001000010001 0000010001000100 0100000100010010 0100000010000010 0100000100100100 0100000100000100 0100000001000001 0000010001000100 0100000000100000 0000100000010000 0000100010000100 0100000100000100 0001000000100000 0001000100000100 0001000100100100 0100000100100100 0001001001000100 0010001000000100 0010001000100100 0100001001000100 0100100100000100 0010010001000100 0100000000100000 0010000001000000

State 3 Next State 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4

- 105 -

Code Word msb lsb 0010001000001001 1000010001001001 1000010000100010 1000010000010001 1000001000010010 1000001000001001 0001001001001001 1000000100000010 1000000010000001 0100100100001001 0001000100001001 0100010010001001 0100001001001001 0000100010001001 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 1000100010000100 0000010001001001 1000100000010000 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 1000010000001000 0010010010001000 1000001001001000 0010010000001000 1000001000100100 1000001000000100 0010001001001000 0100001000001000 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 0001001000001000 1000100010000100 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 0000100100001000 0000010010001000 1000001000100100 0000010000001000 1000010000001000 1000001001001000 1000001000000100 0000010000001000 0100001000001000 0000010010001000 1001001000010000 1001000100000100 0000100100001000 0100000100001001 1001001000010000 1001000100001000 0001001000001000 1001001000001000 1000100000010000 1001001001000010 0010001001001000 0010010000001000 1001000100001000 0010010010001000 1001001000100001

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1

Code Word msb lsb 0100100000100000 1000010001001001 1000010000100010 1000010000010001 1000001000010010 1000001000001001 0100100010000010 1000000100000010 1000000010000001 0100100100001001 0100100000100000 0100010010001001 0100001001001001 0100010010000100 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 1000100010000100 0100100001000001 1000100000010000 0100010010000100 0100010000010000 0100001001000100 0100010000010000 1000001001001000 0100010010010010 1000001000100100 1000001000000100 0100010001000010 0100001000001000 1001000000100000 1000100100001000 0100010000100001 1000100010000100 1000010010001000 1000010001000100 0100001000100010 0100001000010001 1000001000100100 0100000100010010 0100000010000010 0100000100100100 0100000100000100 0100000001000001 0100001000001000 0100000000100000 1001001000010000 1001000100000100 0100000100000100 0100000100001001 1001001000010000 1001000100001000 0100000100100100 1001001000001000 1000100000010000 1001001001000010 0100001001000100 0100100100000100 1001000100001000 0100000000100000 1001001000100001

Next State 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 2 3 3 1 3 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 1

Table H.1 — Main Conversion Table (concluded) State 1 8-bit byte 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255

Code Word msb lsb 0000001001001001 0000001000100010 0000001000010001 0000000100010010 0000000100001001 0000000010000010 0000000001000001 0010010000010010 0010001000000010 0010010000001001 0010000100000001 0001001000010010 0001000100000010 0001001000001001 0001000010000001 0000100100010010 0000100010000010 0000100100001001 0000100001000001 0000010010010010 0000010001000010 0000010010001001 0000010000100001 0000001001000100 0000001000001000

State 2 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

Code Word msb lsb 0100100100100010 0100100010000100 0100100000010000 0100000001000000 0100100100010001 0100100010010010 0100100001000010 0010010000010010 0010001000000010 0100100010000100 0010000100000001 0001001000010010 0001000100000010 0100100000100001 0001000010000001 0000100100010010 0000100010000010 0100010010010001 0000100001000001 0000010010010010 0000010001000010 0100010000100010 0000010000100001 0100010000010001 0100001000010010

State 3 Next State 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

- 106 -

Code Word msb lsb 1001000100100010 1001000100010001 1001000010010010 1001000010001001 1001000001000010 1001000000100001 1000100100100001 1000100010010001 1001000010000100 0010010000001001 1001000010000100 1000000010000000 1000100001001001 0001001000001001 1000100000100010 1000100000010001 1000010000010010 0000100100001001 1000010000001001 1000001000000010 1000000100000001 0000010010001001 0100100010001001 1001000000010000 1000100100010000

State 4 Next State 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2

Code Word msb lsb 0100100100100010 0100100010000100 0100100000010000 0100000001000000 0100100100010001 0100100010010010 0100100001000010 1000100010010001 1001000010000100 0100100010000100 1001000010000100 1000000010000000 1000100001001001 0100100000100001 1000100000100010 1000100000010001 1000010000010010 0100010010010001 1000010000001001 1000001000000010 1000000100000001 0100010000100010 0100100010001001 0100010000010001 0100001000010010

Next State 1 2 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Table H.2 — Substitution Conversion Table State 1 8-bit byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59

Code Word msb lsb 0000010010000000 0000100100000000 0001001000000000 0000001001000000 0000000100100000 0000000010010000 0000000001001000 0000000001001000 0000000010010000 0000000100100000 0000010001000000 0000100010000000 0001000100000000 0010001000000000 0000001000100000 0000000100010000 0000000010001000 0000000001000100 0000000001000100 0000000010001000 0000000100010000 0000001000100000 0000010010000001 0000100100000001 0001001000000001 0010010000000001 0000000001001001 0000000010010001 0000000100100001 0000001001000001 0000100001000000 0001000010000000 0010000100000000 0000010000100000 0000001000010000 0000000100001000 0000000010000100 0000010000100000 0000000010000100 0000000100001000 0000001000010000 0000010001000001 0000010010000010 0000100010000001 0000100100000010 0001000100000001 0001001000000010 0010001000000001 0010010000000010 0000000001000010 0000000010001001 0000000010010010 0000000100010001 0000000100100010 0000001000100001 0000001001000010 0001000001000000 0010000010000000 0010010010010000 0010010001001000

State 2 Next State 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 3

State 3

Code Word Next Code Word Next msb lsb State msb lsb State 0000010010000000 4 0100100001001000 2 0000100100000000 4 0100100001001000 3 0001001000000000 4 0100100000001001 1 0100010000000001 1 1000001000000000 4 0100100000000010 1 1001000000000100 3 0100001000000000 4 1001000000100100 3 0100100000000100 2 1001000001001000 3 0100000100000000 4 1001000000000100 2 0100100010010000 3 1001000000100100 2 0100100000100100 2 1001000001001000 2 0000010001000000 4 1001001001000000 4 0000100010000000 4 1000100001001000 3 0001000100000000 4 0100010001001000 3 0010001000000000 4 1000100000000100 3 0100100000000100 3 1001000010010000 3 0100100010010000 2 1001000100100000 3 0100001000000001 1 0100100000001000 3 0100010000000010 1 0100100010001000 3 0100100000100100 3 1001000010010000 2 0100100100100000 3 1001000100100000 2 0100100100100000 2 0100010001001000 2 0100100000010010 1 0100100000001000 2 0000010010000001 1 1000100000100100 3 0000100100000001 1 1000100010010000 3 0001001000000001 1 0100100010001000 2 0010010000000001 1 1000100000000100 2 0100010000000100 3 1000010000000001 1 0100000100000001 1 1000100000000010 1 0100010000000100 2 1001000000001001 1 0100001000000010 1 1001000000010010 1 0000100001000000 4 1000100000100100 2 0001000010000000 4 1000100001001000 2 0010000100000000 4 0100010000001001 1 0000010000100000 3 0100100001001001 1 0100010000010010 1 1000100100100000 3 0100100000010001 1 1001000000001000 3 0100000010000000 4 1001000001000100 3 0000010000100000 2 1000001000000001 1 0100010000100100 3 1000100010010000 2 0100010000100100 2 1000100100100000 2 0100100000100010 1 1001000000001000 2 0000010001000001 1 1000010000000010 1 0000010010000010 1 1000000100000000 4 0000100010000001 1 1001000001000100 2 0000100100000010 1 1000100000001001 1 0001000100000001 1 1001000010001000 3 0001001000000010 1 1001000100010000 3 0010001000000001 1 1000100000010010 1 0010010000000010 1 0100010000001000 3 0100100010010001 1 1001000000010001 1 0100100001000100 3 1001000000100010 1 0100010010010000 3 1001000001001001 1 0100010010010000 2 1001000010010001 1 0100100001000100 2 1001000100100001 1 0100100100100001 1 1001001001000001 1 0100100100010000 3 0100001000001001 1 0001000001000000 4 1001001000100000 3 0010000010000000 4 1001000010001000 2 0010010010010000 3 1001000100010000 2 0100100100010000 2 0010010001001000 3

- 107 -

State 4 Code Word msb lsb 0100100001001000 0100100001001000 0100100000001001 0100010000000001 0100100000000010 0100001000000000 0100100000000100 0100000100000000 0100100010010000 0100100000100100 1001001001000000 1000100001001000 0100010001001000 1000100000000100 0100100000000100 0100100010010000 0100001000000001 0100010000000010 0100100000100100 0100100100100000 0100100100100000 0100100000010010 1000100000100100 1000100010010000 0100100010001000 1000100000000100 0100010000000100 0100000100000001 0100010000000100 0100001000000010 1000100000100100 1000100001001000 0100010000001001 0100100001001001 0100010000010010 0100100000010001 0100000010000000 1000001000000001 0100010000100100 0100010000100100 0100100000100010 1000010000000010 1000000100000000 1001000001000100 1000100000001001 1001000010001000 1001000100010000 1000100000010010 0100010000001000 0100100010010001 0100100001000100 0100010010010000 0100010010010000 0100100001000100 0100100100100001 0100100100010000 1001001000100000 1001000010001000 1001000100010000 0100100100010000

Next State 2 3 1 1 1 4 2 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 2 1 1 4 2 1 3 3 1 3 1 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 2

Table H.2 — Substitution Conversion Table (concluded) State 1 8-bit byte 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87

Code Word msb lsb 0010010000100100 0010010000000100 0001001001001000 0001001000100100 0001001000000100 0000100100100100 0000100100000100 0000100000100000 0000010010000100 0000010000010000 0000001001000100 0000001000001000 0000000100100100 0000000100000100 0000010000010000 0001001001001000 0000010010000100 0000100000100000 0010010001001000 0000100100000100 0000100100100100 0001001000000100 0001001000100100 0010010000000100 0010010000100100 0010010010010000 0000000100000100 0000000100100100

State 2 Next State 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

State 3

Code Word Next Code Word Next msb lsb State msb lsb State 0010010000100100 3 1001001000100000 2 0010010000000100 3 0100001001001000 2 0100000010000001 1 0001001001001000 3 0001001000100100 3 0100001001001000 3 0001001000000100 3 0100010010001000 3 0000100100100100 3 0100100100001000 3 0000100100000100 3 1000010000000100 3 0000100000100000 3 1000010000100100 3 0000010010000100 3 1000010001001000 3 0000010000010000 3 1000010010010000 3 0100001000000100 2 1000100000001000 3 0100100000010000 3 1000100010001000 3 0100010001000100 3 1000100100010000 3 0100001000100100 3 1001000000010000 3 0000010000010000 2 1000100001000100 3 0100001000000100 3 0001001001001000 2 0000010010000100 2 0100010000001000 2 0000100000100000 2 0100010010001000 2 0100000100000010 1 0010010001001000 2 0000100100000100 2 0100100100001000 2 0000100100100100 2 1000010000000100 2 0001001000000100 2 1000010000100100 2 0001001000100100 2 1000010001001000 2 0010010000000100 2 1000010010010000 2 0010010000100100 2 1000100000001000 2 0010010010010000 2 0100010001001001 1 0100001000100100 2 1000100001000100 2 0100010001000100 2 1000100010001000 2

- 108 -

State 4 Code Word msb lsb 1001001000100000 0100001001001000 0100000010000001 0100001001001000 0100010010001000 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 0100001000000100 0100100000010000 0100010001000100 0100001000100100 1000100001000100 0100001000000100 0100010000001000 0100010010001000 0100000100000010 0100100100001000 1000010000000100 1000010000100100 1000010001001000 1000010010010000 1000100000001000 0100010001001001 0100001000100100 0100010001000100

Next State 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2

Annex I (normative)

Optimum Power Control

I.1

Optimum recording power The optimum recording powers Pwo, Peo, and Pco depend on the disk, the drive and the recording speed. The determination of values for Pwo, Peo, and Pco for the actual disk/drive combination at the actual recording speed, is called the Optimum Power Control procedure (OPC procedure). For a sensitive OPC procedure, the modulation versus power curve m(Pw) shall be determined in a power range with sufficient variation of the modulation as a function of the power (slope γ = (dm/dPw)/(m/Pw) between about 0,5 and 2,0, see Figure I.1). The OPC procedure determines for the actual disk/drive combination and recording speed, the value Ptarget of the power for which γ = γtarget.

γ = dm

m(Pw)

dPw

Pw m

γtarget

γ Ptarget

Pwo

write power, Pw

Figure I.1 — Modulation and Gamma functions versus power

To facilitate the OPC procedure, values are provided for PIND, γ target , ρ , ε1 and ε2 in the Physical format information. These values can be used as starting values in test recordings for the determination of the actual optimum Pwo, Peo, and Pco. The relevance of the parameters for determining Pwo, Peo, and Pco is shown in the following formulas and Figure I.1: m=

I14

I14H

: the modulation amplitude of the HF signal

γ = (dm/dPw) / (m/Pw) PIND

: the normalized slope of the function m(Pw) : indicated estimate for Ptarget in the Physical format information

Ptarget = Pw(at γ target )

: the Write power at γ = γ target

: the multiplication factor to obtain Pwo

Pwo = ρ × Ptarget

: the optimum Write power

ε1

: the Erase / Write power ratio - 109 -

I.2

ε2

: the Cooling / Write power ratio

Peo = ε1 × Pwo

: the optimum Erase power Peo

Pco = ε2 × Pwo

: the optimum Cooling power Pco

Mathematical model for the modulation versus power function To minimize the influences of random measuring errors and noise, the modulation versus power P curve is approximated by the following function: m(Pw) = mmax × (1 − thr ) Pw with mmax = max modulation (saturation level) and P thr = threshold power. Pthr The γ value calculated from this approximation is: γ(Pw) = Pw − Pthr and thus Ptarget is: Ptarget = Pthr × (1 +

1 ) γ target

The function f(Pw) = Pw×m(Pw) will result in a straight line: Pw × m(Pw) = mmax × (Pw − Pthr ) By test recording random 8-to-16 modulated data with different Write powers Pw i , using Pei =ε1 × Pw i and Pc = ε2 × ρ × PIND, the accompanying modulation values mi are obtained. By fitting the straight line Pw × m(Pw) = mmax × (Pw − Pthr ) to several points (Pw i , mi × Pw i ), mmax and Pthr for these points can be determined easily (one should realize that due to the limited accuracy of the model, mmax can take values >1).

P W × m( P W )

Strai ght l ine approximation

P threshold

write power P W

Figure I.2 — Modulation times Power versus Power function

I.3

Procedure for the determination of the media parameters For determining the values for PIND (indicated value for Ptarget), γ target, ρ, ε1 and ε2 in the Physical format information, media manufacturers first have to find the optimum recording powers Pwo, Peo and Pco for their media. This can be done by making test recordings with several combinations of Pw, Pe and Pc and measuring the resulting recorded parameters according to 27.2.2 to 27.2.6, for recording at the maximum, reference, and minimum velocities, and for read-out at the Reference velocity. These measurements shall be made at 23 °C using the optical system in 9.2. After choosing the combination of Pw = Pwo, Pe = Peo and Pc = Pco, resulting in optimum recorded parameters, the ratios ε 1 = Peo/Pwo and ε2 = Pco/Pwo are fixed. Remark 1: The optimum recording powers shall be the powers that give optimum results after 10 DOW cycles. - 110 -

NOTE Because probably not all recorded parameters can be optimized independently, it is up to the media manufacturer to decide about the optimum combination of recorded parameters for his media.

In the next step the other parameters to be specified in the Physical format information have to be determined. The media manufacturer shall make a choice for the indicated estimate of the target Write power PIND. The multiplication factor is ρ = Pwo/PIND. Before determining the γ target value according to the following procedure, the tracks to be used for the measurements shall be erased once by irradiating these tracks using only the Pe power (Pe = ε1 × ρ × PIND). Procedure for determination of the γ target value: After recording random 8-to-16 data with different Write powers Pw i ranging from 0,9 × PIND to 1,1 × PIND, using Pe i =ε1 × Pw i and Pc = ε2 × ρ × PIND, the resulting modulations mi are measured. Both the recordings and the measurement of mi shall be performed on a reference drive according to 9.2 at T=23 °C.

Next the straight line fit according to I.2 is made to the obtained measuring points and γ target can be Pthr calculated: γ target = PIND − Pthr Remark 2: Because the measurement of the modulation becomes rather inaccurate at low values, the power ranges (and thus PIND) should be chosen such that the modulation at the lowest power value is > 30 %.

I.4

Example OPC procedure for drives By test recording random 8-to-16 data with different Write powers Pw i , using Pei =ε1 × Pw i and Pc = ε2 × ρ × PIND, the accompanying modulation values mi are obtained. By fitting the straight line: Pw × m(Pw) = mmax × (Pw − Pthr ) to several points (Pw i , mi × Pw i ), mmax and Pthr for these points can be determined easily. Now Ptarget for a specific power range can be calculated (see I.2) with the help of γ target given in the Physical format information. Because the mathematical model is only a first order approximation, an interpolation or iteration procedure might be needed to come to a sufficiently accurate value of Ptarget. The following interpolation procedure is given as an example: − − − −

2 center power values are chosen for a straight line fit: Pfit,1 = 0,95 ∗ PIND and Pfit,2 = 1,05 ∗ PIND , from the measured modulation values mi at powers Pw i ranging from 0,9 ∗ Pfit,1 to 1,1 ∗ Pfit,1 , the accompanying value of Ptarget,1 is determined, from the measured modulation values mi at powers Pw i ranging from 0,9 ∗ Pfit,2 to 1,1 ∗ Pfit,2 , the accompanying value of Ptarget,2 is determined, now Ptarget is calculated from the intersection of the line through the points (Ptarget,1 , Pfit,1) and (Ptarget,2 , Pfit,2) with the line represented by Ptarget = Pfit, Ptarget,2 × Pfit,1 − Ptarget,1 × Pfit,2 resulting in: Ptarget = Ptarget,2 − Ptarget,1 − Pfit,2 + Pfit,1

the final accuracy, if needed, can be improved by a number of iterations. Now Pwo, Peo and Pco are obtained by (ρ, ε1, ε2 as given in the Physical format information): Pwo = ρ × Ptarget Peo = ε1 × Pwo - 111 -

Pco = ε2 × Pwo Remark 3: The OPC procedure should be performed in an area on the disk that is specially reserved for this purpose: The Drive Test Zone or the Disk Test Zone. It is recommended to use for each OPC procedure a randomly chosen location in these areas.

To increase the reliability of the OPC results it is strongly recommended to initialize the Drive Test Zones and the Disk Test Zones before using these areas by recording them with all (00) data using the following write power settings derived from the Physical format information: Pw = ρ × PIND, Pe = ε1 × Pw and Pc = ε2 × Pw, or by using some optimum write power settings determined by the drive. Remark 4: Before the OPC procedure, the tracks to be used (also on blank disks), shall be erased by irradiating the tracks using only the Pe power (Pe = ε1 × ρ × PIND). After the OPC procedure the used tracks shall be overwritten with nominal power using Sectors with all Main Data set to (00) and correct address information (ID + IED). Pp determined ρ × PIND at one linear velocity (v1) using this OPC method, can be used to determine the optimum power, Pw, at an other linear velocity (v2), based on the indicated power PIND and the multiplication factor ρ, of Ppv1 Ppv2 = ρ v2 × PINDv2 × that other velocity: ρv1 × PINDv1

Remark 5: Within the speed range of one and the same write strategy, the ratio

I.5

Media margins under different overwrite conditions To guarantee correct data interchange in case of overwriting at different speeds, the disk shall be tested in the following way: −

the blank disk is first recorded one time at 3,49 m/s (1x) with the optimum Write powers as determined by the OPC procedure as described in this Annex,

−

the recorded information is overwritten one time at 13,95 m/s (4x) with 0,9× the optimum Write powers as determined by the OPC procedure as described in this Annex,

−

as a result the total number of PI errors before correction in any 8 consecutive ECC Blocks shall not exceed 280 (see 29.2).

As well the recordings as the measurements shall be performed with a Reference drive as defined in Clause 9 and Annex E.

I.6

Media margins at non-optimum Write power To create some margins for practical accuracy requirements for drive implementations, the disk should allow for some deviations of the Write power from the optimum values. For actual Write powers Pw in the range 0,85×Pwo to 1,10×Pwo, and Pe = ε1 × Pw and Pc = ε2 × Pw, with ε1 and ε2 according to the nominal values as indicated in 14.4.2, the disk shall fulfill all specifications at 10 DOW cycles. Additionally the jitter shall stay below 10% for any number of overwrites up to 500 DOW cycles when recording with Pwo. It is recommended that the disk can be overwritten at least 1 000 times, while all parameters stay within their specified ranges.

- 112 -

Annex J (normative)

Logical to Physical address translation

The Logical to Physical address translation might be depending on an applied Defect Management system. Consequently the physical addresses of the start and the ending of the Logical Sector Numbering can be different from the values specified in Clause 20.

- 113 -

- 114 -

Annex K (informative)

Measurement of the groove wobble amplitude

K.1 Relation between amplitude

normalized

wobble

signal

and

wobble

The wobble amplitude in nm cannot easily be measured directly. However, it can be derived from the normalized wobble signal. The theoretical results for such a derivation are given below. The peak value of the wobble signal I W can be seen as: IWp = A × sin( 2 × π × a / p) where: a = wobble amplitude in nm p = track pitch of the radial error signal A = the peak value of the radial error signal In Figure K.1 the parameters a, p, A and IWp are shown. The groove has a peak displacement of 'a' (wobble amplitude) from the averaged centre of the groove to the actual centre of the groove. The normalized wobble signal can now be defined as: IWpp

(I1 − I2 )pp

2 × IWp

⎛ a⎞ = sin⎜⎜ 2 × π × ⎟⎟ 2× A p⎠ ⎝

where (I1 - I2)pp = 2 × A The wobble signal IW is not only dependent on the wobble amplitude a, but also the track pitch p. Due to normalization, dependencies on groove geometry, spot shape and optical aberrations have been eliminated.

K.2 Tolerances of the normalized wobble signal From the above formulae for the normalized wobble signal, the tolerances as given in 28.4 can be converted to nm for a given track pitch of 'p' = 0,74 μm. Lower limit: 0,20 corresponds to a = 24 nm. Upper limit: 0,30 corresponds to a = 36 nm.

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Radial error signal

A I Wp

Radial Direc tion

Land

Groove a

Land wobble amplitude

average track centre

actual track centre

Tangential direction

Figure K.1 — Wobble amplitude of the groove

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Annex L (informative)

Transportation

L.1 General As transportation occurs under a wide range of temperature and humidity variations, for differing periods, by many methods of transport and in all parts of the world, it is not practical to specify mandatory conditions for transportation or for packaging.

L.2 Packaging The form of packaging should be agreed between sender and recipient or, in absence of such an agreement, is the responsibility of the sender. It should take into account the following hazards.

L.2.1 Temperature and humidity Insulation and wrapping should be designed to maintain the conditions for storage over the estimated period of transportation.

L.2.2 Impact loads and vibrations a) Avoid mechanical loads that would distort the shape of the disk. b) Avoid dropping the disk. c) Disks should be packed in a rigid box containing adequate shock-absorbent material. d) The final box should have a clean interior and a construction that provides sealing to prevent the ingress of dirt and moisture.

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Annex M (informative)

Defect Management and Physical Formatting

To improve the efficiency and data reliability in general storage applications, the +RW disks which are in conformance with this Ecma Standard can be combined with a system for Background Formatting and Defect Management. An example of such a system is the so-called Mount Rainier Defect Management described in the following document: DVD+MRW Defect Management & Physical Formatting, which can be obtained from Royal Philips Electronics. NOTE For more information see URL http://www.ip.philips.com

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Annex N (informative)

Video Content Protection System

DVD recorders, especially those equipped with digital interfaces, make it possible to produce perfect replicas of video content. To prevent unauthorized copying and/or redistribution of such video data, this data should be protected by some encryption system. An example of a protection system for video recorded in the DVD+R/+RW Video Format is the so-called Video Content Protection System described in the following document. VCPS:

Video Content Protection System for the DVD+R/+RW Video Recording Format, System Description, which can be obtained from Royal Philips Electronics.

NOTE For more information see URL http://www.ip.philips.com

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Annex O (informative)

How to use the Physical format information in ADIP

To fully exploit the Physical format information in the ADIP, the following rules are given as a recommended guideline (see also the flowchart in Figure O.1). Drives should read the ADIP and check for the following information:

1) check the Disk Category in byte 0 ⇒ determine if the disk is a +R or +RW disk; also check if the disk is a single layer or a dual layer disk; use the related standard (see clause 3) for further interpretations. Drives shall respect the Disk Application Code:

2) check the Disk Application Code in byte 17 ⇒ if the drive is not able to obey the rules related to a specific Disk Application Code, the drive shall block the disk for recording. If the drive can do "media recognition" (i.e. the drive can uniquely determine the manufacturer and the type of the disk and has optimum sets of write parameters for certain disks in its memory):

3) check for Disk Manufacturer and Media Type ID (bytes 19 to 29) ⇒ choose the optimum write strategy for this specific media from the drive’s memory. If the drive fails to recognize the media:

4) check the version number in byte 0 ⇒ if the version number is unknown: do not use the contents of bytes 32 to 63, ⇒ if the version number is known: interpret bytes 32 to 63 according to the correct book version. 5) check byte 18 for the presence of Extended Information blocks ⇒ if no EI blocks are present: only basic write strategy is available. If EI blocks present:

6) check the Format number in each present EI block ⇒ if the Format number is unknown: do not use the contents of the related EI block, ⇒ if the Format number is known: interpret the EI block according to the correct book version. Now the drive can choose the best fitting recording speed and write strategy from the available options:

⇒ basic write strategy (1x ~ 2,4x) as defined in bytes 32 to 63, ⇒ write strategy from one of the known EI blocks, ⇒ for each available write strategy the drive should check the actually supported recording speeds indicated in the related bytes (supported recording speeds can be adapted in future versions of this document).

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Unknown

Disc Category (byte 0)

start

+R or +RW Retrieve disc characteristics: - byte 1: disc size - byte 2: disc structure - byte 3: recording density - byte 4~15: Data Zone allocation - byte 16: General Flag bits - byte 17: Disc Application Code

Drive familiar with DAC (byte 17) Yes Yes

Man.& type ID (byte 19~29) Known

Drive can do “media recognition”

Unknown

Unknown (basic write strategy is not applicable)

Version number (byte 0) Known

EI indicators (byte 18) n

EI indicators (byte 18)

Unknown EI block format number

Known

Drive has optimum write strategy parameters for this specific disc

Retrieve all strategies: - speed ranges - write strategy parameters

Retrieve basic write strategy: - speed range - write strategy parameters

Retrieve EI block: - speed range - write strategy parameters

choose optimum write strategy for disc/drive combination

choose best fitting speed and write strategy (from basic or EI)

choose optimum speed and strategy from basic

choose optimum speed and strategy from EI

Note: in future more than one EI block can exist on one disc! Figure O.1 — Flowchart showing the use of Physical format information in ADIP

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stop writing

Annex P (informative)

Values to be Implemented in Existing and Future Specifications

The values for bytes which this Ecma Standard specifies are related to ReWritable disks which are in conformance with this Ecma Standard, viz. +RW Format disks. It is expected that other categories of disks will be standardized in future. It is therefore recommended that the following values be used for these other disks. Further possible bit patterns are intended for future standardization. All standards are subject to revisions, so the information in this Annex can be subject to changes. Therefore it is recommended to check this information against the most recent edition of the indicated standards.

Identification Data

Bit b31

shall be set to ZERO, indicating CLD format ONE, indicating Zoned format

Bit b30

shall be set to ZERO, indicating pit tracking ONE, indicating groove tracking

Bit b29

shall be set to ZERO if the reflectance is greater than 40 % with a PBS optical system ONE if the reflectance is less than 40 % with a PBS optical system

Bit b28

Reserved, shall be set to ZERO

Bits b 27 to b26

shall be set to ZERO ZERO in the Data Zone ZERO ONE in the Lead-in Zone ONE ZERO in the Lead-out Zone ONE ONE in the Middle Zone

Bit b25

shall be set to ZERO, indicating read-only data ONE, indicating other than read-only data

Bit b24

shall be set to ZERO on Layer 0 of DL disks, ONE on Layer 1 of DL disks, ZERO on SL disks.

Bits b 23 to b0

shall specify the Physical Sector Number

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Physical format information in the Lead-in Zone Byte 0 - Disk Category and Version Number

Bits b 7 to b4 shall specify the Disk Category if set to 0000, they indicate a DVD - Read-Only disk (DVD-RO) if set to 0001, they indicate a DVD Rewritable disk (DVD-RAM) if set to 0010, they indicate a DVD-Recordable disk (DVD-R) if set to 0011, they indicate a DVD Re-recordable disk (DVD-RW) if set to 1001, they indicate a +RW Single Layer disk if set to 1010, they indicate a +R Single Layer disk if set to 1101, they indicate a +RW Dual Layer disk if set to 1110, they indicate a +R Dual Layer disk Bits b3 to b0 shall specify the Version Number. Together with b 7 to b4 they specify the related document. if b7 to b4 set to 0000 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-267/268 (DVD-RO) if b7 to b4 set to 0001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-272 (DVD-RAM 2,6 Gbytes) if b7 to b4 set to 0001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0110, they specify ECMA-330 (DVD-RAM) if b7 to b4 set to 0010 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-279 (DVD-R 3,95 Gbytes) if b7 to b4 set to 0010 and b 3 to b0 set to 0101, they specify ECMA-359 (DVD-R) if b7 to b4 set to 0011 and b 3 to b0 set to 0010, they specify ECMA-338 (DVD-RW) if b 7 to b4 set to 1001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-274 (+RW 3,0 Gbytes) if b7 to b4 set to 1001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0010, they specify ECMA-337 (+RW) if b7 to b4 set to 1001 and b 3 to b0 set to 0011, they specify ECMA-371 (+RW HS) if b7 to b4 set to 1010 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-349 (+R) if b7 to b4 set to 1101 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-374 (+RW DL) if b7 to b4 set to 1110 and b 3 to b0 set to 0001, they specify ECMA-364 (+R DL) Byte 1 - Disk size and maximum transfer rate

Bits b 7 to b4 shall specify the disk size if set to 0000, they specify a 120 mm disk if set to 0001, they specify an 80 mm disk Bits b3 to b0 shall specify the maximum transfer rate if set to 0000, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 2,52 Mbits/s if set to 0001, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 5,04 Mbits/s if set to 0010, they specify a maximum transfer rate of 10,08 Mbits/s if set to 1111, they specify no maximum transfer rate is specified. Byte 2 - Disk structure

Bit b7 shall be set to ZERO. Bits b 6 and b 5 shall specify the disk Type if set to 00, they specify a single recording layer per side if set to 01, they specify two recording layers per side Bit b4 shall specify the track path if set to ZERO, it specifies PTP on Dual Layer disks or a Single Layer disk, if set to ONE, it specifies OTP on Dual Layer disks

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Bits b 3 to b0 specify the layer type Bit b3

shall be set to ZERO

Bit b2

if set to ZERO, shall specify that the disk does not contain re-writable Data Zones ONE, shall specify that the disk contains re-writable Data Zones

Bit b1

if set to ZERO, shall specify that the disk does not contain recordable Data Zones ONE, shall specify that the disk contains recordable Data Zones

Bit b0

if set to ZERO, shall specify that the disk does not contain embossed Data Zones ONE, shall specify that the disk contains embossed Data Zones

Byte 3 - Recording density

Bits b 7 to b4 shall specify the average Channel bit length if set to 0000, they specify 0,133 μm if set to 0001, they specify 0,147 μm if set to 0010, they indicate that this average length is in the range 0,205 μm to 0,218 μm if set to 1000, they specify 0,176 37 μm Bits b3 to b0 shall specify the average track pitch if set to 0000, they indicate a track pitch of 0,74 μm if set to 0001, they indicate a track pitch of 0,80 μm.

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ECMA-337 — Data interchange on 120 mm and 80 mm - Optical disk using +RW format - Capacity: 4,7 and 1,46 Gbytes per side (Recording speed up to 4X) (June 2008)

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