Data Model for Lexicography (DMLex) Version 1.0 (2025-04-29)

Data Model for Lexicography (DMLex) Version 1.0 OASIS Standard 29 April 2025 Specification URIs This version: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/dmlex-v1.0-os.html https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/dmlex-v1.0-os.pdf (Authoritative) Previous version: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/cs01/dmlex-v1.0-cs01.html https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/cs01/dmlex-v1.0-cs01.pdf (Authoritative) Latest version: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/dmlex-v1.0.html https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/dmlex-v1.0.pdf (Authoritative) Technical Committee: OASIS Lexicographic Infrastructure Data Model and API (LEXIDMA) TC Chair: Michal Měchura ( [email protected] ), Masaryk University Editors: David Filip ( [email protected] ), Masaryk University Miloš Jakub�ček ( [email protected] ), Lexical Computing Vojtěch Kov�ř ( [email protected] ), Masaryk University Simon Krek ( [email protected] ), Jozef Stefan Institute John McCrae ( [email protected] ), University of Galway Michal Měchura ( [email protected] ), Masaryk University Additional artifacts: This prose specification is one component of a Work Product that also includes declarative validation artifacts accessible from https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/schemas/ : XML: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/schemas/XML/ JSON: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/schemas/JSON/ RDF: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/schemas/RDF/ Informative copies of third party schemas are provided: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/schemas/informativeCopiesOf3rdPartySchemas/ Declared namespaces: This specification declares one or more namespaces. Namespace isn't considered an XML specific feature in this serialization independent specification. The core and modules namespace http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0 Key words: The key words MUST, MUST NOT, REQUIRED, SHALL, SHALL NOT, SHOULD, SHOULD NOT, RECOMMENDED, MAY, and OPTIONAL in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 [ RFC2119 ] and [ RFC8174 ] if, and only if, they appear in all capitals, as shown here. Abstract: This document defines the 1st version of a data model in support of the high-priority technical goals described in the LEXIDMA TC's charter, including: A serialization-independent Data Model for Lexicography (DMLex) An XML serialization of DMLex A JSON serialization of DMLex A relational database serialization of DMLex An RDF serialization of DMLex An informative NVH serialization of DMLex Status: This document was last revised or approved by the LEXIDMA TC on the above date. The level of approval is also listed above. Check the "Latest version" location noted above for possible later revisions of this document. Any other numbered Versions and other technical work produced by the Technical Committee (TC) are listed at https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=lexidma#technical . TC members should send comments on this document to the TC's email list. Others should send comments to the TC's public comment list, after subscribing to it by following the instructions at the " Send A Comment " button on the TC's web page at https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/lexidma/ . This specification is provided under the Non-Assertion Mode of the OASIS IPR Policy , the mode chosen when the Technical Committee was established. For information on whether any patents have been disclosed that may be essential to implementing this specification, and any offers of patent licensing terms, please refer to the Intellectual Property Rights section of the TC's web page ( https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/lexidma/ipr.php ). Note that any machine-readable content ( Computer Language Definitions ) declared Normative for this Work Product is provided in separate plain text files. In the event of a discrepancy between any such plain text file and display content in the Work Product's prose narrative document(s), the content in the separate plain text file prevails. Citation format: When referencing this specification the following citation format should be used: [ DMLex-1.0 ] Data Model for Lexicography Version 1.0 . Edited by David Filip, Miloš Jakub�ček, Simon Krek, John McCrae, and Michal Měchura. 29 April 2025. OASIS OASIS Standard. https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/os/dmlex-v1.0-os.html . Latest version: https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/dmlex-v1.0.html . Notices: Copyright � OASIS Open 2025. All Rights Reserved.Distributed under the terms of the OASIS IPR Policy . The name "OASIS" is a trademark of OASIS , the owner and developer of this specification, and should be used only to refer to the organization and its official outputs. For complete copyright information please see the full Notices section in an Appendix below. Table of Contents 1 Introduction (Normative) 1.1 Modular structure of DMLex 1.2 Implementing DMLex 1.3 The metamodel behind DMLex 1.3.1 Object types 1.3.2 Properties 1.3.3 Tree structures 1.3.4 Relational structures 1.3.5 Unique identifiers 1.4 Definitions 2 Conformance 3 DMLex Core 3.1 Optional roots 3.2 Fragment identification 3.2.1 DMLex fragment identification strings 3.3 lexicographicResource 3.4 entry 3.5 partOfSpeech 3.6 inflectedForm 3.7 sense 3.8 definition 3.9 label 3.10 pronunciation 3.11 transcription 3.12 example 4 DMLex OPTIONAL Modules (Normative) 4.1 DMLex Crosslingual Module 4.1.1 Extensions to lexicographicResource 4.1.2 translationLanguage 4.1.3 Extensions to sense 4.1.4 headwordTranslation 4.1.5 headwordExplanation 4.1.6 Extensions to example 4.1.7 exampleTranslation 4.1.8 Extensions to partOfSpeech 4.1.9 Extensions to label 4.1.10 Extensions to pronunciation 4.1.11 Extensions to inflectedForm 4.2 DMLex Controlled Values Module 4.2.1 Extensions to lexicographicResource 4.2.2 definitionTypeTag 4.2.3 inflectedFormTag 4.2.4 labelTag 4.2.5 labelTypeTag 4.2.6 partOfSpeechTag 4.2.7 sourceIdentityTag 4.2.8 transcriptionSchemeTag 4.2.9 sameAs 4.3 DMLex Linking Module 4.3.1 Extensions to lexicographicResource 4.3.2 relation 4.3.3 member 4.3.4 relationType 4.3.5 memberType 4.3.6 Extensions to sameAs 4.4 DMLex Annotation Module 4.4.1 Extensions to entry 4.4.2 Extensions to headwordTranslation 4.4.3 placeholderMarker 4.4.4 Extensions to definition 4.4.5 Extensions to example 4.4.6 Extensions to exampleTranslation 4.4.7 headwordMarker 4.4.8 collocateMarker 4.4.9 Extensions to label 4.5 DMLex Etymology Module 4.5.1 Extensions to entry 4.5.2 etymology 4.5.3 etymon 4.5.4 etymonUnit 4.5.5 Extensions to lexicographicResource 4.5.6 etymonType 4.5.7 etymonLanguage 4.5.8 Extensions to partOfSpeech 4.5.9 Extensions to sameAs 5 DMLex REQUIRED Serializations (Normative) 5.1 DMLex XML serialization (Normative) 5.1.1 Design Principles (Informative) 5.1.2 Whitespace handling (Normative) 5.1.3 Element order (Normative) 5.1.4 DMLex XML serialization elements (Normative) 5.2 DMLex JSON serialization (Normative) 5.2.1 Design principles 5.2.2 DMLex JSON serialization objects (Normative) 5.3 DMLex RDF serialization (Normative) 5.3.1 Design principles 5.3.2 DMLex RDF serialization elements 5.4 DMLex relational database serialization (Normative) 5.4.1 Design principles (Informative) 5.4.2 Database diagrams (Informative) 5.4.3 DMLex relational database serialization tables (Normative) Appendixes A Informative material on serializations (Informative) A.1 Examples (Informative) A.1.1 A basic entry A.1.2 How to use inflectedForm A.1.3 Pronunciation given as transcription A.1.4 Pronunciation given as a sound file A.1.5 Pronunciation given both ways A.1.6 How to use partOfSpeechTag and inflectedFormTag A.1.7 Mapping controlled values to external inventories A.1.8 Defining a bilingual lexicographic resource A.1.9 Defining a multilingual lexicographic resource A.1.10 How to use headwordTranslation in a bilingual lexicographic resource A.1.11 How to use headwordTranslation in a multilingual lexicographic resource A.1.12 How to use headwordExplanation A.1.13 Modelling parts and wholes A.1.14 Modelling antonyms A.1.15 Modelling synonyms A.1.16 Modelling variants A.1.17 Modelling subsenses A.1.18 Modelling subentries (at subsense level) A.1.19 Modelling subentries (at sense level) A.1.20 Using placeholderMarker A.1.21 Using placeholderMarker in a bilingual lexicographic resource A.1.22 Using headwordMarker A.1.23 Using collocateMarker A.1.24 Modelling etymology A.1.25 Modelling etymology types and language A.2 DMLex NVH serialization (Informative) A.2.1 Design Principles (Informative) A.2.2 DMLex NVH serialization nodes (Informative) A.2.2.1 NVH node: lexicographicResource A.2.2.2 NVH node: entry A.2.2.3 NVH node: pos A.2.2.4 NVH node: form A.2.2.5 NVH node: sense A.2.2.6 NVH node: definition A.2.2.7 NVH node: label A.2.2.8 NVH node: pronunciation A.2.2.9 NVH node: transcription A.2.2.10 NVH node: example A.2.2.11 NVH node: translationLanguage A.2.2.12 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]translation A.2.2.13 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]explanation A.2.2.14 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]exampleTranslation A.2.2.15 NVH node: definitionTypeTag A.2.2.16 NVH node: formTag A.2.2.17 NVH node: labelTag A.2.2.18 NVH node: labelTypeTag A.2.2.19 NVH node: posTag A.2.2.20 NVH node: sourceIdentityTag A.2.2.21 NVH node: transcriptionSchemeTag A.2.2.22 NVH node: sameAs A.2.2.23 NVH node: relation A.2.2.24 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]member A.2.2.25 NVH node: relationType A.2.2.26 NVH node: memberType A.2.2.27 NVH node: placeholder A.2.2.28 NVH node: headword A.2.2.29 NVH node: collocate A.2.2.30 NVH node: etymology A.2.2.31 NVH node: etymon A.2.2.32 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]etymonUnit A.2.2.33 NVH node: etymonType A.2.2.34 NVH node: etymonLanguage B References (Normative) B.1 Normative references (Normative) B.2 Informative references (Informative) C Machine Readable Validation Artifacts (Normative) D DMLex UML diagram (Normative) E DMLex plain text description (Informative) F Specification Change Tracking (Informative) F.1 Tracking of changes F.1.1 Tracking of changes made during the OASIS publishing process after Public Reviews F.1.2 Tracking of changes made in response to Public Reviews F.1.2.1 Tracking of changes in response to the 4th Public Review F.1.2.2 Tracking of changes in response to the 3rd Public Review F.1.2.3 Tracking of changes in response to the 2nd Public Review F.1.2.4 Tracking of changes in response to the 1st Public Review G Acknowledgements (Informative) H Notices (Informative) 1 Introduction (Normative) DMLex is a data model for modelling dictionaries (here called lexicographic resources ) in computer applications such as dictionary writing systems. DMLex is a data model, not an encoding format. DMLex is abstract, independent of any markup language or formalism. At the same time, DMLex has been designed to be easily and straightforwardly implementable in XML, JSON, NVH, as a relational database, and as a Semantic Web triplestore. 1.1 Modular structure of DMLex The DMLex specification is divided into a REQUIRED core with several OPTIONAL modules. DMLex Core allows you to model the basic entries-and-sense structure of a monolingual lexicographic resource. DMLex Crosslingual Module extends DMLex Core to model bilingual and multilingual lexicographic resources. DMLex Controlled Values Module extends DMLex Core to represent inventories of look-up values to be used as part-of-speech tags, usage label tags and others. DMLex Linking Module extends DMLex Core and allows you to model various kinds of relations between entries, senses and other objects, including semantic relations such as synonymy and antonymy and presentational relations such as subentries and subsenses, both within a single lexicographic resource and across multiple lexicographic resources. DMLex Annotation Module extends DMLex Core to allow the modelling of inline markup on various objects such as example sentences, including the modelling of collocations and corpus patterns. DMLex Etymology Module extends DMLex Core to allow the modelling of etymological information in dictionaries. 1.2 Implementing DMLex DMLex is an abstract data model which can be implemented in many different programming environments and serialization languages. In this document, we specify REQUIRED serializations for: XML , JSON , RDF , and relational databases . An informative serialization specification is provided for: NVH . 1.3 The metamodel behind DMLex The DMLex data model is defined in this document through the following concepts. 1.3.1 Object types DMLex defines the existence of certain object types such as entry and definition . In every DMLex-conformant data set, each “object” (for example each XML element or each database table) must be an instance of one of these object types. The names of object types are unique within the scope of the entire data model, including all the modules. An object type defined in one module is guaranteed not to name-conflict with another object type in another module. 1.3.2 Properties For every object type, DMLex defines which properties it can have, whether the properties are required or optional, what their arities are (for example “zero or more”), and what kinds of values it can contains. There are two kinds of properties: those that contain literal values and those that contain objects. Some properties are defined to contain literal values such as strings and numbers. The following types of literal values are used in DMLex: normalised string: a string that contains no new lines, does not start or end with a whitespace, contains no block of ASCII whitespace more than a single space and is non-empty. number: including negative numbers and floating-point numbers non-negative integer number boolean: a true/false value URI IETF language code IRI : an Internationalized Resource Identifier closed list of possible values Some properties are defined to contain objects (of types defined in DMLex), for example an object of type entry can contain objects of type sense . In such cases, the name of the property is the same as the name of the object type. For example, the entry object type has a property called sense which (with an arity of “zero or more”) contains sense objects. The names of properties are unique within the scope of the object type they belong to but not necessarily outside it. 1.3.3 Tree structures The mechanics of objects which (through their properties) contain other objects mimics the tree-like structure commonly used in lexicography to represent dictionary entries, typically using XML. Because of this, this document sometimes refers to objects being the “children”, “parents”, “descendants” or “ancestors” of other objects, or objects “belonging to” other objects. This is to be understood as follows. “Object A is the parent of object B” and “object B is a child of object A” both mean that object A has a property whose value is object B. “Object A is an ancestor of object B” and “object B is a descendant of object A” means that there is a chain of parent-child links between object A and object B. “Object B belongs to object A” is the same as “object B is a descendant of object A” and “object A is an ancestor of object B”. The tree structures created by DMLex are guaranteed to have similar properties as in XML and many other tree-structured formalisms, including importantly the constraint that every object has no more than one parent. Additionally, tree structures created by DMLex are guaranteed to be non-recursive: an object can never be an ancestor of another object of the same type. 1.3.4 Relational structures In addition to tree structures, which are used in DMLex to model the basic entries-and-senses skeleton of a lexicographic resource, DMLex also allows (through the relation object type defined in the Linking Module) the modelling of non-tree relations between objects, that is, relations connecting objects which belong to different parents. Non-tree relations are used in DMLex to model cross-references between entries and senses, both within a single lexicographic resource and across multiple lexicographic resources. Non-tree relations are also used in DMLex to model certain things which have traditionally been modelled with tree structures in lexicography, such as the hierarchical arrangement of entries and subentries, or senses and subsenses. In DMLex, these phenomena are modelled as non-tree relations in order to avoid recursion in the tree structures and to minimize the number of object types in the data model. 1.3.5 Unique identifiers Some object types defined in DMLex have a property or a combination of properties mandated to be unique. Designating a property as unique means that its value must be unique within the scope of its parent object type. Designating a combination of properties as unique means that the ordered composition of its values must be unique within the scope of their parent object type. In the case that all unique properties are missing, listingOrder MUST be used to verify uniqueness. Such unique properties in DMLex serve two purposes: To enable objects to participate in relational structures. Relational structures (as opposed to tree structures) are modelled in DMLex as tuples (triples, ...) of unique identifiers. To enable addressing and accessing individual objects, for example individual senses or individual example sentences, outside the context of the entries they are in. See Fragment identification for details. Serializations of DMLex may choose to assign arbitrary unique identifiers (e.g. a random integer or a hash of the property value) to each property or combination of properties. 1.4 Definitions Agent any application or tool that , reads, edits, writes, processes, stores, renders or otherwise handles DMLex Instances . Agent is the most general application conformance target that subsumes all other specialized user agents disregarding whether they are defined in this specification or not. Enrich, Enriching the process of adding metadata and resources to DMLex Instances Processing Requirements Enriching MAY happen at the time of Creation . Enricher, Enricher Agent any Agent that performs the Enriching process Create, Creation the process of encoding lexicographic data as DMLex Instances Creator, Creator Agent any Agent that performs the Creation process Modify, Modification the process of changing core and module based structural and inline objects that were previously created by other Writers Processing Requirements DMLex Instances MAY be Modified and Enriched at the same time. Note Creator or Enricher knowledge of the DMLex Instance is not assumed while Modifying . However, modifications can only happen in the same serialization. Modifier, Modifier Agent an Agent that performs the Modification process Writer, Writer Agent an Agent that Creates , generates, or otherwise writes DMLex Instances for whatever purpose, including but not limited to Creator , Modifier , and Enricher Agents . Note Since DMLex serializations are intended as editing and exchange formats rather than processing formats, many applications will need to generate DMLex Instances from their internal processing formats, even in cases when they are processing DMLex Instances provided by other Writers . UNIQUE The term UNIQUE shall be interpreted as given in the section on Unique identifiers . 2 Conformance DMLex Instances Conformance Conformant DMLex Instances MUST be well formed and valid instances according to one of the normative DMLex Serialization Specifications. DMLex Instances MAY contain custom extensions, provided that those extensions do not provide features or parts of features that are provided by the DMLex Core or any of the DMLex Modules . Extensions MUST be serialized in a way conformant and compatible with the pertaining DMLex Serialization Specifications. Application Conformance DMLex Writers MUST create conformant DMLex Instances to be considered DMLex compliant. Agents processing conformant DMLex Instances that contain custom extensions are not REQUIRED to understand and process non-DMLex objects or attributes. However, conformant applications SHOULD preserve existing custom extensions when processing conformant DMLex Instances , provided that the objects that contain custom extensions are not removed according to DMLex Processing Requirements or the extension's own processing requirements. All Agents MUST comply with Processing Requirements for otherwise unspecified Agents or without a specifically set target Agent . Specialized Agents defined in this specification - this is Creator , Writer , Modifier , and Enricher Agents - MUST comply with the Processing Requirements targeting their specifically defined type of Agent on top of Processing Requirements targeting all Agents as per point c. above. DMLex is an object model explicitly designed for exchanging data in the same serialization among various Agents . Thus, a conformant DMLex application MUST be able to accept DMLex Instances Created , Modified , or Enriched by a different application, provided that: The processed files are conformant DMLex Instances according to the same DMLex Serialization Specification, in a state compliant with all relevant Processing Requirements. Backwards Compatibility N/A (no previous versions) Note DMLex Instances cannot be conformant to this specification w/o being conformant to a specific serialization. Warning Exchange of DMLex Instances data between and among DMLex serializations is out of scope of the DMLex Version 1.0 specification. Although, the serializations are semantically compatible, they don't have to possess compatible addressing and fragment identification mechanims, mainly due to the fact that each serialization is expected to use its own native id data types, uniqueness scopes, and addressing methods. 3 DMLex Core The DMLex Core provides data types for modelling monolingual dictionaries (called lexicographic resources in DMLex) where headwords, definitions and examples are all in one and the same language. DMLex Core gives you the tools you need to model simple dictionary entries which consist of the following data types: lexicographicResource entry partOfSpeech inflectedForm sense definition label pronunciation transcription example 3.1 Optional roots When exchanging data encoded in a DMLex serialization which has the concept of a "root" or top-level object, such as XML, JSON or NVH, the object types lexicographicResource and entry can serve as such roots. 3.2 Fragment identification Incomplete parts of DMLex objects represent valid fragments as long as it is possible to identify their complete source DMLex object. For a particular serialization, this can be achieved by: Making sure the fragment contains all unique properties of the DMLex parent-child hierarchy that are necessary to determine its source object. Using a serialization-specific addressing mechanism (e.g. XPath for XML, JMESPath for JSON or an NVH query) to provide the location of the fragment in the source DMLex object. 3.2.1 DMLex fragment identification strings DMLex provides a recommended method for addressing DMLex objects present on-line, useful for linking (cf. Section 4.3, “DMLex Linking Module” ) and general interoperability. Implementing this method is not REQUIRED for conformance. Every fragment SHOULD be assigned a unique fragment identification string, composed of lexicographicResource.uri , with protocol identification prefix (such as http:// or https:// ) removed, and a sequence of identifiers that uniquely determines the path in the DMLex tree structure. The DMLex fragment identification string of the root object lexicographicResource is the value of its attribute lexicographicResource.uri , with protocol identification prefix (such as http:// or https:// ) removed. The fragment identification strings of its direct children are constructed as follows: lexicographicResource.uri/objectTypeName/objectID (We define below how object IDs are created.) The DMLex fragment identification strings of descendant objects are constructed by appending the children's type names and IDs to the fragment identification strings of their direct parents, using “/” as the delimiter. In other words, the full template for a fragment identification string looks as follows: lexicographicResource.uri/objectTypeName/objectID/child1TypeName/child1ID/child2TypeName/child2ID/… For example, a particular sense (which is a property of entry ) is assigned the following fragment identification string: lexicographicResource.uri/entry/entryID/sense/senseID A fragment identification string of an example (which is a property of sense , which is a property of entry ) has the following structure: lexicographicResource.uri/entry/entryID/sense/senseID/example/exampleID 3.2.1.1 Object IDs For the purpose of creating DMLex fragment identification strings, each object is assigned a unique ID relative to its parent, based on values of its properties declared as UNIQUE. Multiple situations can occur: The object type has a single UNIQUE property with an arity of “exactly one”, and the value of the property is a string or a number. In this case, the object ID is the string or the number, with the following modifications performed in that particular order: every “\” (ASCII character 5C) is replaced by “\\” every “~” (ASCII character 7E) is replaced by “\~” every “_” (ASCII character 5F) is replaced by “\_” every “0” (zero, ASCII character 30) is replaced by “\0” all IRI-unsafe characters (outside the iunreserved class according to [ RFC 3987 ]) are percent-encoded according to [ RFC 3986 ] The object type has a single UNIQUE property with an arity of “exactly one”, and the value of the property is a child DMLex object. In this case, the object ID is the same as the object ID of the child object. (Note: this case actually does not occur in the specification as such; we list it here to streamline the description of the following cases.) The object type has a single UNIQUE property with an arbitrary arity. In this case, all the partial single values or child object IDs are constructed according to the steps 1. and 2., and the resulting object ID is their concatenation using “_” (ASCII character 5F) as a separator. The order of the partial values is driven by the listingOrder of the respective objects. If this procedure returns an empty string (which can happen in case of UNIQUE attributes that allow the arity of zero), the string “0” (zero, ASCII character 30) is used instead of the empty string. The object type has multiple UNIQUE properties. In this case, all the partial values or child object IDs are constructed according to the steps 1., 2. and 3., and the resulting object ID is their concatenation using “~” (ASCII character 5F) as a separator. The order of the partial values is driven by the order of the properties as given in this specification. (Note: all atributes marked as UNIQUE need to be represented in the ID, as empty values are replaced by “0” according to step 3. No empty IDs are allowed.) In specific situations it may happen there are multiple different objects with all the UNIQUE properties empty, i.e. multiple objects with duplicate IDs (the same sequence of zeros) emerge as the result of the step 4. One example of such a situation is multiple senses without indicator s or definition s, but with different translations. In that case, and only in that case, the value of listingOrder is concatenated to the sequence of zeros, to distinguish between the duplicate IDs. If there is only one such object, listingOrder is not concatenated to the sequence of zeros. DMLex does not define the structure of DMLex fragment identification strings for object types without UNIQUE properties. 3.2.1.2 DMLex fragment identification string examples Particular examples of DMLex fragment identification strings can then look as follows: www.example.com/lexicon/entry/cat~noun~1 www.example.com/lexicon/entry/cat~noun~1/sense/0~small%20furry%20animal (Here we assume that the sense's indicator is empty and it has one definition which says “small furry animal”). www.example.com/lexicon/entry/cat~noun~1/sense/0~small%20furry%20animal/example/I%20have%20two%20dogs%20and%20a%20cat. www.example.com/lexicon/entry/cat~noun~1/sense/0~0 (Here we assume that both the sense's definition and its indicator are empty, and there is only one such sense.) www.example.com/lexicon/entry/cat~noun~1/sense/0~02 (Here we assume that both the sense's definition and its indicator are empty, there are multiple such senses, and this is the sense number 2, of all this entry's senses.) 3.3 lexicographicResource Represents a dictionary. A lexicographic resource is a dataset which can be used, viewed and read by humans as a dictionary and – simultaneously – ingested, processed and understood by software agents as a machine-readable dataset. Note The correct name of this data type in DMLex is lexicographic , not lexical , resource. Properties title OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable title of the lexicographic resource. uri OPTIONAL (zero or one). The URI of the lexicographic resource, identifying it on the Web. langCode REQUIRED (exactly one). The IETF language code of the language that this lexicographic resource describes. entry OPTIONAL (zero or more) Comments langCode identifies the language of headwords, definitions and examples in this dictionary. DMLex is based on the assumption that all headwords in a lexicographic resource are in the same language, and that definitions and examples, if any are included in the lexicographic resource, are in that language too. The langCode property of lexicographicResource informs potential users of the lexicographic resource which language that is. Ideally, a lexicographic resource should include at least one entry. However, DMLex specifies that entry is optional in lexicographicResource to allow for the existence of lexicographic resources which are not yet complete. The lexicographicResource data type does not prescribe properties for detailed metadata about the lexicographic resource, implementers are advised to refer to the properties in the Dublin Core elements namespace as for basic metadata. DMLex allows lexicographic resources to contain zero entries. This is to enable the existence of lexicographic resources which are work in progress, and lexicographic resources whose only purpose is to contain relations (defined in the DMLex Linking Module ) that link entries from other lexicographic resources. Example 1. XML <lexicographicResource uri="..." langCode="..."> <title>...</title> <entry.../> </lexicographicResource> Example 2. JSON { "title": "...", "langCode": "...", "entries": [...] } Example 3. RDF @prefix dmlex: <https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/schemas/RDF/dmlex.ttl#> .

<#id> a dmlex:LexicographicResource ; dmlex:title "..." ; dmlex:uri "..." ; dmlex:langCode "..." ; dmlex:entry <entry1> , ... . Example 4. Relational database Example 5. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com/dictionary title: An example dictionary langCode: en entry: ... entry: ... 3.4 entry Represents a dictionary entry. An entry contains information about one headword. Property of lexicographicResource Properties headword REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. The entry's headword. partOfSpeech OPTIONAL (zero or more) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). homographNumber OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Number. The entry's homograph number, as a guide to distinguish entries with the same headword. label OPTIONAL (zero or more). pronunciation OPTIONAL (zero or more). inflectedForm OPTIONAL (zero or more). sense OPTIONAL (zero or more). Note DMLex Core does not have a concept of "subentry". To model subentries (i.e. entries inside entries) in a lexicographic resource, object types from the Linking Module should be used. Note The headword can be a single word, a multi-word expression, or any expression in the source language which is being described by the entry. Note DMLex allows only one headword per entry. Things such as variant headwords do not exist in DMLex. However, the DMLex Linking Module does make it possible to represent the existence of variants by treating them as separate headwords of separate entries, and linking the entries using a type of link which will cause the entries to be placed together when shown to human users. See Section A.1.16, “Modelling variants” for an example using the English words "colour" and "color". Note DMLex allows entries to contain zero senses. An entry with zero senses is an entry which declares the existence of its headword and, optionally, gives some information about the headword's morphosyntactical properties (part of speech, inflected forms etc.) but does not say anything about its semantics, about its meaning. Such entries can exist as entries which are work in progress, or as entries whose only purpose is to serve as members in entry-to-entry relations (defined in the DMLex Linking Module ) such as spelling variants (example: Section A.1.16, “Modelling variants” ). Note Entries in DMLex do not have an explicit listing order. An application can imply a listing order from a combination of the headword and the homograph number, such that the headword is the primary sorting key and the homograph number (for entries that have one) is the secondary sorting key. Note Ideally, each entry should have exactly one part-of-speech label. However, DMLex allows more than one partOfSpeech in entry in order to allow for exceptional cases when the lexicographer has decided to treat multiple part-of-speech readings of a headword in a single entry. Example: English words which denote nationalities ("Czech", "German") and which can function both as nouns and as adjectives. Example 6. XML <entry homographNumber="..."> <headword>...</headword> <partOfSpeech.../> <label.../> <pronunciation.../> <inflectedForm.../> <sense.../> </entry> Example 7. JSON { "headword": "...", "homographNumber": "...", "partsOfSpeech": [...], "labels": [...], "pronunciations": [...], "inflectedForms": [...], "senses": [...] } Example 8. RDF <id> a dmlex:Entry ; dmlex:headword "..." ; dmlex:homographNumber ... ; dmlex:partOfSpeech ... ; dmlex:label ... ; dmlex:pronunciation ... ; dmlex:inflectedForm ... ; dmlex:sense ... . Example 9. Relational database Example 10. NVH entry: headword homograph: ... pos: ... label: ... pronunciation: ... form: ... sense: ... 3.5 partOfSpeech Represents a part-of-speech label. Property of entry Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text which identifies the part-of-speech label, for example n for noun, v for verb, adj for adjective. The partOfSpeechTag object type can be used to explain the meaning of the part-of-speech tags, to constrain which part-of-speech tags are allowed to occur in the lexicographic resource, and to map them onto external inventories and ontologies. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this part-of-speech label among other part-of-speech labels of the same entry. This can be implicit from the serialization. Comments The way to model other grammatical properties of the headword besides part of speech, such as gender (of nouns) or aspect (of verbs) in DMLex is to combine them with the part of speech into a single part-of-speech tag, for example noun-masc and noun-fem , or v-perf and v-imperf . Example 11. XML <partOfSpeech tag="..."/> Example 12. JSON Implemented as a string "..." Example 13. RDF <entry> dmlex:partOfSpeech [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeech ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] . Example 14. Relational database Example 15. NVH pos: tag 3.6 inflectedForm Represents one (of possibly many) inflected forms of the headword. Example: Section A.1.2, “How to use inflectedForm ” . Property of entry Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. The text of the inflected form. tag OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text which identifies the inflected form, for example pl for plural, gs for genitive singular, com for comparative. The inflectedFormTag object type can be used to explain the meaning of the inflection tags, to constrain which inflection tags are allowed to occur in the lexicographic resource, and to map them onto external inventories and ontologies. label OPTIONAL (zero or more). pronunciation OPTIONAL (zero or more). listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this inflected form among other inflected forms of the same entry. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 16. XML <inflectedForm tag="..."> <text>...</text> <label.../> <pronunciation.../> </inflectedTag> Example 17. JSON { "tag": "...", "text": "...", "labels": [...], "pronunciations": [...] } Example 18. RDF <entry> dmlex:inflectedForm [ dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ; dmlex:label ... ; dmlex:pronunciation ... ] . Example 19. Relational database Example 20. NVH form: text tag: ... label: ... pronunciation: ... Comments The inflectedForm object type is intended to model the inflectional morphology of a headword. To model derivational morphology, for example feminine forms of masculine nouns, the recommended way to do that in DMLex is to create separate entries for the two words, and link them using the Linking Module . 3.7 sense Represents one of possibly many meanings (or meaning potentials) of the headword. Property of entry Properties listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this sense among other senses of the same entry. This can be implicit from the serialization. indicator OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. A short statement, in the same language as the headword, that gives an indication of the meaning of a sense and permits its differentiation from other senses in the entry. Indicators are sometimes used in dictionaries instead of or in addition to definitions. label OPTIONAL (zero or more). definition OPTIONAL (zero or more) and UNIQUE. example OPTIONAL (zero or more). Comments The properties of entry are, apart from sense , formal properties of the headword such as orthography, morphology, syntax and pronunciation. A sense is a container for statements about the headword's semantics. DMLex deliberately makes it impossible to include morphological information at sense level. It is impossible in DMLex to model an entry where each sense has slightly different morphological properties (e.g. a noun has a weak plural in one sense and a strong plural in another). Such phenomena need to be treated as two entries (homographs) and can be linked using the Linking Module to make sure they are always shown together to human users. Example 21. XML <sense> <indicator>...</indicator> <label.../> <definition.../> <example.../> </sense> Example 22. JSON { "indicator": "...", "labels": [...], "definitions": [...], "examples": [...] } Example 23. RDF <id> a dmlex:Sense ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ; dmlex:indicator "..." ; dmlex:label ... ; dmlex:definition ... ; dmlex:example ... . Example 24. Relational database Example 25. NVH sense: indicator definition: ... label: ... example: ... 3.8 definition Represents one of possibly several definitions of a sense. Property of sense Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. A statement, in the same language as the headword, that describes and/or explains the meaning of a sense. In DMLex, the term definition encompasses not only formal definitions, but also less formal explanations. definitionType OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. If a sense contains multiple definitions, indicates the difference between them, for example that they are intended for different audiences. The definitionTypeTag object type can be used to constrain and/or explain the definition types that occur in the lexicographic resource. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this definition among other definitions of the same sense. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 26. XML <definition definitionType="..."> <text>...</text> </definition> Example 27. JSON { "text": "....", "definitionType": "..." } Example 28. RDF <sense> dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition ; dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:definitionType "..." ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] . Example 29. Relational database Example 30. NVH definition: text definitionType: ... 3.9 label Represents a restriction on its parent such as temporal (old-fashioned, neologism), regional (dialect), register (formal, colloquial), domain (medicine, politics) or grammar (singular-only). Property of entry sense inflectedForm pronunciation example Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text which identifies the label, for example neo for neologism, colloq for colloquial, polit for politics. The labelTag object type can be used to explain the meaning of the labels, to constrain which labels are allowed to occur in the lexicographic resource, and to map them onto external inventories and ontologies. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this label among other labels of the same entry. This can be implicit from the serialization. Comments A label applies to the object that it is a child of. When the label is a child of entry , then it applies to the headword in all its senses. When the label is a child of sense , then it applies to the headword in that sense only ( not including any subsenses linked to it using the Linking Module ). When the label is a child of inflectedForm , then it applies only to that inflected form of the headword (in all senses). When the label is a child of pronunciation , then it applies only to that pronunciation of the headword (in all senses). Example 31. XML <label tag="..."/> Example 32. JSON Implemented as a string "..." Example 33. RDF <entry> dmlex:label [ a dmlex:Label ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] . Example 34. Relational database Example 35. NVH label: tag 3.10 pronunciation Represents the pronunciation of its parent. Examples: Section A.1.3, “Pronunciation given as transcription” , Section A.1.4, “Pronunciation given as a sound file” , Section A.1.5, “Pronunciation given both ways” . Property of entry inflectedForm Properties At least one of: soundFile OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE. An Internationalized Resource Identifier ( IRI ) pointing to a file which contains a sound recording of the pronunciation transcription OPTIONAL (zero or more) and UNIQUE. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this pronunciation object among other pronunciation objects of the same entry. This can be implicit from the serialization. label OPTIONAL (zero or more). Note The value of the soundFile property is an IRI. This means, among other things, that it can be an internet URL or a relative file path, and can contain non-ASCII characters. Example 36. XML <pronunciation soundFile="..."> <transcription.../> <label.../> </pronunciation> Example 37. JSON { "soundFile": "...", "transcriptions": [...], "labels": [...] } Example 38. RDF <entry> dmlex:pronunciation [ a dmlex:Pronunciation ; dmlex:soundFile <...> ; dmlex:transcription ... ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ; dmlex:label ... ] . Example 39. Relational database Example 40. NVH pronunciation: soundFile transcription: ... label: ... 3.11 transcription Represents the transcription of a pronunciation in some notation such as IPA. Property of pronunciation Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. The actual transcription. scheme OPTIONAL (zero or one). IETF language tag. Identifies the transcription scheme used here. Example: en-fonipa for English IPA. This can be implicit if the lexicographic resource uses only one transcription scheme throughout. The transcriptionSchemeTag object type can be used to define which transcription schemes are allowed in the lexicographic resource. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this transcription object among transcriptions of the same pronunciation. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 41. XML <transcription scheme="..."> <text>...</text> </transcription> Example 42. JSON { "text": "...", "scheme": "..." } Example 43. RDF <pronunciation> dmlex:transcription [ a dmlex:Transcription ; dmlex:scheme "..." ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] . Example 44. Relational database Example 45. NVH transcription: text scheme: ... 3.12 example Represents a sentence or other text fragment which illustrates the headword being used. Property of sense Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. The example itself. sourceIdentity OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text which identifies the source. The sourceIdentityTag object type can be used to explain the meaning of the source identifiers, to constrain which source identifiers are allowed to occur in the lexicographic resource, and to map them onto external inventories and ontologies. sourceElaboration OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A free-form statement about the source of the example. If sourceIdentity is present, then sourceElaboration can be used for information about where in the source the example can be found: page number, chapter and so on. If sourceIdentity is absent then sourceElaboration can be used to fully name the source. label OPTIONAL (zero or more). soundFile OPTIONAL (zero or one). An Internationalized Resource Identifier ( IRI ) pointing to a file which contains a sound recording of the example. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this example object among examples of the same sense. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 46. XML <example sourceIdentity="..." sourceElaboration="..." soundFile="..."> <text>...</text> <label.../> </example> Example 47. JSON { "text": "...", "sourceIdentity": "...", "sourceElaboration": "...", "labels": [...], "soundFile": "..." } Example 48. RDF <sense> dmlex:example [ a dmlex:Example ; dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:sourceIdentity "..." ; dmlex:sourceElaboration "..." ; dmlex:label ... ; dmlex:soundFile <...> ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] . Example 49. Relational database Example 50. NVH example: text sourceIdentity: ... sourceElaboration: ... soundFile: ... label: ... 4 DMLex OPTIONAL Modules (Normative) 4.1 DMLex Crosslingual Module DMLex's Multilingual Module extends the Core and turns a monolingual lexicographic resource into a bilingual or multilingual one. A bilingual or multilingual lexicographic resource is a lexicographic resource with multiple (two or more) languages: the headwords and the examples are in one language (called "the language of the lexicographic resource" in DMLex) and their translations are in one or more other languages (called the translation languages in DMLex). 4.1.1 Extensions to lexicographicResource Extends the lexicographicResource object type from the Core . Additional properties translationLanguage REQUIRED (one or more) Example 51. XML <lexicographicResource ...> ... <translationLanguage.../> </lexicographicResource> Example 52. JSON { ..., "translationLanguages": [...] } Example 53. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:translationLanguage ... Example 54. NVH lexicographicResource: ... translationLanguage: ... 4.1.2 translationLanguage Represents one of the languages in which translations are given in this lexicographic resource. Examples: Section A.1.8, “Defining a bilingual lexicographic resource” , Section A.1.9, “Defining a multilingual lexicographic resource” . Property of lexicographicResource Properties langCode REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. The IETF language code of the language. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. Sets the order in which translations (of headwords and examples) should be shown. It outranks the listing order given in headwordTranslation , headwordExplanation and exampleTranslation objects. Example 55. XML <translationLanguage langCode=""/> Example 56. JSON Implemented as a string "..." Example 57. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:translationLanguage [ dmlex:langCode ... ; dmlex:listingOrder 0 ] . Example 58. Relational database Example 59. NVH translationLanguage: langCode 4.1.3 Extensions to sense Extends the sense object type from the Core . Additional properties headwordExplanation OPTIONAL (zero or more) headwordTranslation OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 60. XML <sense ...> ... <headwordExplanation.../> <headwordTranslation.../> ... </sense> Example 61. JSON { ... "headwordExplanations": [...], "headwordTranslations": [...], ... } Example 62. RDF <#sense> dmlex:headwordExplanation ... ; dmlex:headwordTranslation ... . Example 63. XML sense: ... explanation: ... translation: ... 4.1.4 headwordTranslation Represents one of possibly multiple translations of a headword. Examples: Section A.1.10, “How to use headwordTranslation in a bilingual lexicographic resource” , Section A.1.11, “How to use headwordTranslation in a multilingual lexicographic resource” . Property of sense Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with langCode if present). Normalised string. langCode OPTIONAL (zero or one) if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with text ) otherwise. IETF language tag. Indicates the language of this translation. The translationLanguage datatype can be used to explain the meaning of the language codes that appear here and/or to constrain which language codes are allowed. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this translation among other translations of the same sense in the same language. This can be implicit from the serialization. partOfSpeech OPTIONAL (zero or more). label OPTIONAL (zero or more). pronunciation OPTIONAL (zero or more). inflectedForm OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 64. XML <headwordTranslation langCode="..."> <text>...</text> <partOfSpeech.../> <label.../> <pronunciation.../> <inflectedForm.../> </headwordTranslation> Example 65. JSON { "langCode": "...", "text": "...", "partsOfSpeech": [...], "labels": [...], "pronunciations": [...], "inflectedForms": [...] } Example 66. RDF <#sense> dmlex:headwordTranslation [ dmlex:langCode "..." ; dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:partOfSpeech ... ; dmlex:label ... ; dmlex:pronunciation ... ; dmlex:inflectedForm ... ] . Example 67. Relational database Example 68. NVH langCode_translation: text pos: ... label: ... pronunciation: ... form: ... 4.1.5 headwordExplanation Represents a statement in the translation language which explains (but does not translate) the meaning of the headword. Example: Section A.1.12, “How to use headwordExplanation ” . Property of sense Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with langCode if present). Normalised string. langCode OPTIONAL (zero or one) if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE otherwise (in combination with text ). IETF language tag. Indicates the language in which this explanation is written. The translationLanguage datatype can be used to explain the meaning of the language codes that appear here and/or to constrain which language codes are allowed. Comments It is assumed that there will always be a maximum of one headwordExplanation per translation language in each sense. For this reason, headwordExplanation does not have a listingOrder . Example 69. XML <headwordExplanation langCode="..."> <text>...</text> </headwordExplanation> Example 70. JSON { "langCode": "...", "text": "...", } Example 71. RDF <#sense> dmlex:headwordExplanation [ dmlex:langCode "..." ; dmlex:text "..." ] . Example 72. Relational database Example 73. NVH langCode_explanation: text 4.1.6 Extensions to example Extends the example object type from the Core . Additional properties exampleTranslation OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 74. XML <example ...> ... <exampleTranslation.../> </example> Example 75. JSON { ..., "exampleTranslations": [...] } Example 76. RDF <#example> dmlex:exampleTranslation ... . Example 77. NVH example: ... ... exampleTranslation: ... 4.1.7 exampleTranslation Represents the translation of an example. Property of example Properties text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with langCode if present). Normalised string. langCode OPTIONAL (zero or one) if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with text ) otherwise. IETF language tag. Indicates the language of this translation. The translationLanguage datatype can be used to explain the meaning of the language codes that appear here and/or to constrain which language codes are allowed. label OPTIONAL (zero or more). soundFile OPTIONAL (zero or one). An Internationalized Resource Identifier ( IRI ) pointing to a file which contains a sound recording of the translation. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this translation among other translations of the same example in the same language. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 78. XML <exampleTranslation langCode="..." soundFile="..."> <text>...</text> <label.../> </exampleTranslation> Example 79. JSON { "langCode": "...", "text": "...", "labels": [...], "soundFile": "..." } Example 80. RDF <#example> dmlex:exampleTranslation [ dmlex:langCode "..." ; dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:label ... ; dmlex:soundFile "..." ] . Example 81. Relational database Example 82. NVH langCode_exampleTranslation: text soundFile: ... label: ... 4.1.8 Extensions to partOfSpeech Extends the partOfSpeech object type from the Core . Can additionally be a property of headwordTranslation Example 83. Relational database 4.1.9 Extensions to label Extends the label object type from the Core . Can additionally be a property of headwordTranslation exampleTranslation Example 84. Relational database 4.1.10 Extensions to pronunciation Extends the pronunciation object type from the Core . Can additionally be a property of headwordTranslation Example 85. Relational database 4.1.11 Extensions to inflectedForm Extends the inflectedForm object type from the Core . Can additionally be a property of headwordTranslation Example 86. Relational database 4.2 DMLex Controlled Values Module DMLex's Controlled Values Module extends the Core and makes it possible to represent inventories from which the values of various properties come from, such as parts of speech , labels , inflected form tags and others. Comment Treating controlled values as constraints in an implementation of DMLex, for example as business rules in a dictionary-writing system, is OPTIONAL. 4.2.1 Extensions to lexicographicResource Extends the lexicographicResource object type from the Core . Additional properties definitionTypeTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) inflectedFormTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) labelTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) labelTypeTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) partOfSpeechTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) sourceIdentityTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) transcriptionSchemeTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 87. XML <lexicographicResource ...> ... <definitionTypeTag.../> <inflectedFormTag.../> <labelTag.../> <labelTypeTag.../> <partOfSpeechTag.../> <sourceIdentityTag.../> <transcriptionSchemeTag.../> </lexicographicResource> Example 88. JSON { ..., "definitionTypeTags": [...], "inflectedFormTags": [...], "labelTags": [...], "labelTypeTags": [...], "partOfSpeechTags": [...], "sourceIdentityTags": [...] "transcriptionSchemeTags": [...] } Example 89. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:definitionTypeTag ... ; dmlex:inflectedFormTag ... ; dmlex:labelTag ... ; dmlex:labelTypeTag ... ; dmlex:partOfSpeechTag ... ; dmlex:sourceIdentityTag ... ; dmlex:transcriptionSchemeTag ... . Example 90. NVH lexicographicResource: ... ... definitionTypeTag: ... inflectedFormTag: ... labelTag: ... labelTypeTag: ... partOfSpeechTag: ... sourceIdentityTag: ... transcriptionSchemeTag: ... 4.2.2 definitionTypeTag Represents one (of many) possible values for definitionType of definition . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the tag means. sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 91. XML <definitionTypeTag tag="..." <description>...</description> <sameAs.../> </definitionTypeTag> Example 92. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "...", "sameAs": [...] } Example 93. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:definitionTypeTag [ a dmlex:DefinitionTypeTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 94. Relational database Example 95. NVH definitionTypeTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... 4.2.3 inflectedFormTag Represents one (of many) possible values for tag of inflectedForm . Example: Section A.1.6, “How to use partOfSpeechTag and inflectedFormTag ” . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the tag means. for OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A statement about constraints and recommendation on using this tag. This can be a human-readable description such as "for use with German nouns only" or a machine-readable instruction in any format understandable to the DMLex implementation, such as partOfSpeech=noun AND language=de . sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 96. XML <inflectedFormTag tag="..." for="..."> <description>...</description> <sameAs.../> </inflectedFormTag> Example 97. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "...", "for": "...", "sameAs": [...] } Example 98. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:inflectedFormTag [ a dmlex:InflectedFormTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:for "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 99. Relational database Example 100. NVH formTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... for: ... 4.2.4 labelTag Represents one (of many) possible values for tag of label . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the tag means. typeTag OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text which identifies the type of the label, for example temporal for temporal labels (archaic, neologism etc) or dialect for labels of dialects. The labelTypeTag object type can be used to explain the meaning of the type tags, to constrain which type tags are allowed to occur in the lexicographic resource, and to map them onto external inventories and ontologies. for OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A statement about constraints and recommendation on using this tag. This can be a human-readable description such as "for use with German nouns only" or a machine-readable instruction in any format understandable to the DMLex implementation, such as partOfSpeech=noun AND language=de . sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 101. XML <labelTag tag="..." typeTag="..." for="..."> <description>...</description> <sameAs.../> </labelTag> Example 102. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "...", "typeTag": "...", "for": "...", "sameAs": [...] } Example 103. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:labelTag [ a dmlex:LabelTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:typeTag "..." ; dmlex:for "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 104. Relational database Example 105. NVH labelTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... for: ... typeTag: ... 4.2.5 labelTypeTag Represents one (of many) possible values for typeTag of labelTag . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the type tag means. sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 106. XML <labelTypeTag tag="..."> <description>...</description> <sameAs.../> </labelTypeTag> Example 107. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "..." "sameAs": [...] } Example 108. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:labelTypeTag [ a dmlex:LabelTypeTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ]. Example 109. Relational database Example 110. NVH labelTypeTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... 4.2.6 partOfSpeechTag Represents one (of many) possible values for tag of partOfSpeech . Example: Section A.1.6, “How to use partOfSpeechTag and inflectedFormTag ” . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the tag means. for OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A statement about constraints and recommendation on using this tag. This can be a human-readable description such as "for use in German and Czech only" or a machine-readable instruction in any format understandable to the DMLex implementation, such as language=de OR language=cs . sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 111. XML <partOfSpeechTag tag="..." for="..."> <description>...</description> <sameAs.../> </partOfSpeechTag> Example 112. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "...", "for": "...", "sameAs": [...] } Example 113. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:partOfSpeechTag [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:for "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 114. Relational database Example 115. NVH posTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... for: ... 4.2.7 sourceIdentityTag Represents one (of many) possible values for sourceIndentity of example . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. An abbreviation, a code or some other string of text. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the tag means. sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 116. XML <sourceIdentityTag tag="..." <description>...</description> <sameAs.../> </sourceIdentityTag> Example 117. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "...", "sameAs": [...] } Example 118. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:sourceIdentityTag [ a dmlex:SourceIdentityTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 119. Relational database Example 120. NVH sourceIdentityTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... 4.2.8 transcriptionSchemeTag Represents one (of many) possible values for scheme of transcription . Property of lexicographicResource Properties tag REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. An IETF language tag. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable description of what the tag means. for OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A statement about constraints and recommendation on using this tag. This can be a human-readable description such as "for use in German and Czech only" or a machine-readable instruction in any format understandable to the DMLex implementation, such as language=de OR language=cs . Comment The transcriptionSchemeTag does not have a sameAs property because the tag itself - which is an IETF language tag - defines fully what the tag means. Example 121. XML <transcriptionSchemeTag tag="..." for="..."> <description>...</description> </transcriptionSchemeTag> Example 122. JSON { "tag": "...", "description": "...", "for": "..." } Example 123. RDF <lexicographicResource> dmlex:transcriptionSchemeTag [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag ; dmlex:tag "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:for "..." ] . Example 124. Relational database Example 125. NVH transcriptionSchemeTag: tag description: ... sameAs: ... for: ... 4.2.9 sameAs Represents the fact that the parent object is equivalent to an item available from an external authority. Example: Section A.1.7, “Mapping controlled values to external inventories” . Property of definitionTypeTag inflectedFormTag labelTag labelTypeTag partOfSpeechTag sourceIdentityTag Properties uri REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. The URI of an item in an external inventory. Example 126. XML <sameAs uri="..."/> Example 127. JSON Implemented as a string "..." Example 128. Relational database Example 129. NVH sameAs: uri 4.3 DMLex Linking Module DMLex's Linking Module can be used to construct relations between objects which "break out" of the tree-like parent-and-child hierarchy constructed from datatypes from the Core and from other modules. The Linking Module can be used to create relations between senses which are synonyms or antonyms, between entries whose headwords are homonyms or spelling variants, between senses which represent superordinate and subordinate concepts (eg. hypernyms and hyponyms, holonyms and meronyms), between entries and subentries, between senses and subsenses, and many others. Each relation is represented in DMLex by an instance of the relation datatype. A relation brings two or more members together. The fact that an object (such as a sense or an entry) is a member of a relation is represented in DMLex by an instance of the member datatype. The Linking Module can be used to set up relations between objects inside the same lexicographic resource, or between objects residing in different lexicographic resources. For linking, some type of reference IDs of linked objects are needed (cf. the ref property in Section 4.3.3, “ member ” ). DMLex does not prescribe the exact form of these IDs, however, a recommended method for creating unique IRIs for DMLex objects is available in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” , which may be useful especially when linking objects from different lexicographic resources on the Web. Examples: Section A.1.13, “Modelling parts and wholes” , Section A.1.14, “Modelling antonyms” , Section A.1.15, “Modelling synonyms” , Section A.1.16, “Modelling variants” , Section A.1.17, “Modelling subsenses” , Section A.1.18, “Modelling subentries (at subsense level)” , Section A.1.19, “Modelling subentries (at sense level)” . 4.3.1 Extensions to lexicographicResource Extends the lexicographicResource object type from the Core . Additional properties relation OPTIONAL (zero or more) relationType OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 130. XML <lexicographicResource ...> ... <relation.../> <relationType.../> </lexicographicResource> Example 131. JSON { ..., "relations": [...], "relationTypes": [...] } Example 132. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:relation ... ; dmlex:relationType ... . Example 133. NVH lexicographicResource: ... ... relation: ... relationType: ... 4.3.2 relation Represents the fact that a relation exists between two or more objects. Property of lexicographicResource Properties type REQUIRED (exactly one). Normalised string. Specifies what type of relation it is, for example a relation between synonyms or a relation between a sense and a subsense. Optionally, relationType objects can be used to explain those types and to constrain which types of relations are allowed to exist in the lexicographic resource. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable explanation of this relation. member REQUIRED (two or more). Example 134. XML <relation type="..."> <description>...</description> <member.../> </relation> Example 135. JSON { "type": "...", "description": "...", "members": [...] } Example 136. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation ; dmlex:type "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:member ... ] . Example 137. Relational database Example 138. NVH relation: type description: ... member: ... 4.3.3 member Represents the fact that an object, such as an entry or a sense, is a member of a relation. Property of relation Properties ref REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Reference to an object, such as an entry or a sense. The IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” can be used (but is not REQUIRED). role OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. An indication of the role the member has in this relation: whether it is the hypernym or the hyponym (in a hyperonymy/hyponymy relation), or whether it is one of the synonyms (in a synonymy relation), and so on. You can use memberType objects to explain those roles and to constrain which relations are allowed to contain which roles, what their object types are allowed to be (eg. entries or senses) and how many members with this role each relation is allowed to have. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this member among other members of the same relation. When showing members of the relation to human users (for example: when listing the synonyms in a synonymy relation), the members should be listed in this order. This can be implicit from the serialization. obverseListingOrder OPTIONAL (at most one). Number. The position of this relation among other relations this member is involved in. When an object - such as an entry or a sense - is a member of several relations (for example: when a sense is a member of a synonymy relation and also of an antonymy relation) then, when showing the object (the entry or the sense) to human users, the relations should be listed in this order (for example: the synonyms first, the antonyms second). Example 139. XML <member ref="..." role="..." obverseListingOrder="..."/> Example 140. JSON { "ref": "...", "role": "...", "obverseListingOrder": "..." } Example 141. RDF <#relation> dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member ; dmlex:ref "..." ; dmlex:role "..." ; dmlex:listingOrder 0 ; dmlex:obverseListingOrder 0 ] . Example 142. Relational database Example 143. NVH role_member: ref obverseListingOrder: ... 4.3.4 relationType Represents one of possible values for the type of relation . Property of lexicographicResource Properties type REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable explanation of this relation type. scopeRestriction OPTIONAL (zero or one). Specifies restrictions on member of relations of this type. The possible values are: sameEntry : members must be within of the same entry sameResource : members must be within the same lexicographicResource any : no restriction memberType OPTIONAL (zero or more). sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 144. XML <relationType type="..." scopeRestriction="..."> <description>...</description> <memberType.../> <sameAs.../> </relationType> Example 145. JSON { "type": "...", "scopeRestriction": "...", "memberTypes": [...], "sameAs": ["..."] } Example 146. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:relationType [ a dmlex:RelationType ; dmlex:type "..." ; dmlex:scopeRestriction "..." ; dmlex:memberType ... ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 147. Relational database Example 148. NVH relationType: type scopeRestriction: ... description: ... memberType: ... sameAs: ... 4.3.5 memberType Represents one of possible values for the role of member , as well as various restrictions on members having this role. Property of relationType Properties role OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable explanation of this member role. type REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. A restriction on the types of objects that can have this role. The possible values are: sense : the object that has this role must be a sense . entry : the object that has this role must be an entry . collocate : the object that has this role must be an collocateMarker (from the Linking module ). min OPTIONAL (zero or one). Non-negative integer. Says that relations of this type must have at least this many members with this role. If omitted then there is no lower limit (effectively, zero). max OPTIONAL (zero or one). Non-negative integer. Says that relations of this type may have at most this many members with this role. If omitted then there is no upper limit. hint OPTIONAL (zero or one). Suggests what machine agents should do when showing this member to a human user (in the context of another member of the same relation). The possible values are: embed : Members that have this role should be shown in their entirety, i.e. the entire entry or the entire sense. This is suitable for relations between entries and subentries, or senses and subsenses. navigate : Members that have this role should not be shown in their entirety. A navigable (e.g. clickable) link should be provided instead. This is suitable for relations between synonyms, antonyms, holonyms/heteronyms and similar. none : Members that have this role should not be shown. sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 149. XML <memberType role="..." type="..." min="..." max="..." hint="..."> <description></description> <sameAs.../> </memberType> Example 150. JSON { "role": "...", "description": "...", "type": "...", "min": "...", "max": "...", "hint": "...", "sameAs": [...] } Example 151. RDF <#relationType> dmlex:type [ a dmlex:MemberType ; dmlex:role "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:memberType "..." ; dmlex:min 0 ; dmlex:max 0 ; dmlex:hint "..." ; dmlex:sameAs ... ] . Example 152. Relational database Example 153. NVH memberType: type role: ... min: ... max: ... hint: ... description: ... sameAs: ... 4.3.6 Extensions to sameAs Extends the sameAs object type from the Controlled Values Module . Can additionally be a property of relationType memberType Example 154. Relational database 4.4 DMLex Annotation Module This module makes it possible to mark up substrings inside the string values of certain objects and to attach properties to them. It is up to the implementer to decide how to implement annotations, whether as inline markup (as XML) or as stand-off annotations (for example through start and end indexes). 4.4.1 Extensions to entry Extends the entry object type from the Core . Additional properties placeholderMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 155. XML <headword> ...<placeholderMarker>...</placeholderMarker>... </headword> Example 156. JSON { ..., "headword": "...", "placeholderMarkers": [...], ... } Example 157. RDF <id> a dmlex:Entry ; dmlex:headword "..." ; dmlex:placeholderMarker ... . Example 158. NVH entry: headword placeholder: ... 4.4.2 Extensions to headwordTranslation Extends the headwordTranslation object type from the Crosslingual module . Additional properties placeholderMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 159. XML <headwordTranslation> <text> ...<placeholderMarker>...</placeholderMarker>... </text> </headwordTranslation> Example 160. JSON { "text": "...", "placeholderMarkers": [...], ... } Example 161. RDF <id> a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation ; dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:placeholderMarker ... . Example 162. NVH translation: text placeholder: ... 4.4.3 placeholderMarker Marks up a substring inside a headword or inside a headword translation which is not part of the expression itself but stands for things that can take its place. An application can use the inline markup to format the placeholders differently from the rest of the text, to ignore the placeholder in full-text search, and so on. Examples: Section A.1.20, “Using placeholderMarker ” , Section A.1.21, “Using placeholderMarker in a bilingual lexicographic resource” . Property of entry headwordTranslation Properties startIndex REQUIRED and UNIQUE. Non-negative integer. The index of the first character of the substring according to the number of Unicode code points. The first character of the string has index 0. This property may be implicit if using in-line markup. endIndex REQUIRED and UNIQUE. Non-negative integer. The index of the last character after the substring according to the number of Unicode code points. This property may be implicit if using in-line markup Example 163. XML <placeholderMarker>...</placeholderMarker> Example 164. JSON { "startIndex": ..., "endIndex": ... } Example 165. RDF <#headword> dmlex:placeholderMarker [ dmlex:startIndex 0 ; dmlex:endIndex 1 ] . Example 166. Relational databases Example 167. NVH placeholder: substring 4.4.4 Extensions to definition Extends the definition object type from the Core . Additional properties headwordMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) collocateMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 168. XML <definition...> <text> ... <headwordMarker>...</headwordMarker> ... <collocateMarker...>...</collocateMarker> ... </text> </definition> Example 169. JSON { "text": "...", "headwordMarkers": [...], "collocateMarkers": [...], ... } Example 170. RDF <#sense> dmlex:definition [ dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:headwordMarker ... ; dmlex:collocateMarker ... ] . Example 171. NVH definition: text headword: ... collocate: ... 4.4.5 Extensions to example Extends the example object type from the Core . Additional properties headwordMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) collocateMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 172. XML <example> <text> ... <headwordMarker>...</headwordMarker> ... <collocateMarker...>...</collocateMarker> ... </text> </example> Example 173. JSON { "text": "...", "headwordMarkers": [...], "collocateMarkers": [...], ... } Example 174. RDF <#sense> dmlex:example [ dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:headwordMarker ... ; dmlex:collocateMarker ... ] . Example 175. NVH example: text headword: ... collocate: ... 4.4.6 Extensions to exampleTranslation Extends the exampleTranslation object type from the Crosslingual module . Additional properties headwordMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) collocateMarker OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 176. XML <exampleTranslation> <text> ... <headwordMarker>...</headwordMarker> ... <collocateMarker...>...</collocateMarker> ... </text> </exampleTranslation> Example 177. JSON { "text": "...", "headwordMarkers": [...], "collocateMarkers": [...], ... } Example 178. RDF <#example> dmlex:exampleTranslation [ dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:headwordMarker ... ; dmlex:collocateMarker ... ] . Example 179. NVH exampleTranslation: text headword: ... collocate: ... 4.4.7 headwordMarker Marks up a substring inside an example, inside an example translation or inside a definition which corresponds to the headword (or to a translation of the headword). An application can use the inline markup to highlight the occurrence of the headword for human readers through formatting. Example: Section A.1.22, “Using headwordMarker ” . Property of definition example exampleTranslation Properties startIndex REQUIRED and UNIQUE. Non-negative integer. The index of the first character of the substring according to the number of Unicode code points. The first character of the string has index 0. This property may be implicit if using in-line markup. endIndex REQUIRED and UNIQUE. Non-negative integer. The index of the last character after the substring according to the number of Unicode code points. This property may be implicit if using in-line markup Example 180. XML <headwordMarker>...</headwordMarker> Example 181. JSON { "startIndex": ..., "endIndex": ... } Example 182. RDF <#definition> dmlex:headwordMarker [ dmlex:startIndex 0 ; dmlex:endIndex 0 ] . Example 183. Relational databases Example 184. NVH headword: ... 4.4.8 collocateMarker Marks up a substring other than the headword inside an example, inside an example translation or inside a definition. An application can use the inline markup to highlight collocates or constituents. Example: Section A.1.23, “Using collocateMarker ” . Property of definition example exampleTranslation Properties startIndex REQUIRED and UNIQUE. Non-negative integer. The index of the first character of the substring according to the number of Unicode code points. The first character of the string has index 0. This property may be implicit if using in-line markup. endIndex REQUIRED and UNIQUE. Non-negative integer. The index of the last character after the substring according to the number of Unicode code points. This property may be implicit if using in-line markup lemma OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. The lemmatized form of the collocate. An application can use it to provide a clickable link for the user to search for the lemma in the rest of the lexicographic resource or on the web. (If you want to link the collocate explicitly to a specific entry or to a specific sense in your lexicographic resource, or even in an external lexicographic resource, you can use the Linking Module for that.) label OPTIONAL (zero or more). This can be used to communicate facts about the role or type of the item in the sentence, for example its syntactic role (subject, direct object etc.), its semantic role (agent, affected etc) or its semantic type (human, institution etc.) The labelTag object type can be used to explain and/or constrain the collocate labels that are allowed to appear in the lexicographic resource. Example 185. XML <collocateMarker id="..." lemma="...">...<label tag="..."/></collocateMarker> Example 186. JSON { "id": "...", "startIndex": ..., "endIndex": ..., "lemma": "...", "labels": ["..."] } Example 187. RDF <#definition> dmlex:itemMarker [ dmlex:id "..." ; dmlex:startIndex 0 ; dmlex:endIndex 0 ; dmlex:lemma "..." ; dmlex:label ... ] . Example 188. Relational database Example 189. NVH collocate: ... 4.4.9 Extensions to label Extends the label object type from the Core . Can additionally be a property of collocateMarker Example 190. Relational database 4.5 DMLex Etymology Module Extends DMLex Core to support the modelling of etymological information in lexicographic resources. Example: Section A.1.24, “Modelling etymology” . 4.5.1 Extensions to entry Extends the entry object type from the Core . Additional properties etymology OPTIONAL (zero or more) Represents a chain of historical derivations of the entry's headword. Note If an entry can contains more than one etymology object, then the different etymology objects represent different hypotheses about the origin of the headword. Example 191. XML <entry> ... <etymology>...</etymology> </entry> Example 192. JSON { ..., "etymologies": [...] } Example 193. RDF <#entry> dmlex:etymology ... ; dmlex:etymonType ... . Example 194. NVH entry: ... etymology: ... 4.5.2 etymology Represents a chain of historical derivations of a word. Property of entry Properties At least one of: description OPTIONAL (zero or one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. A plain-text form of the etymology, which may contain notes about the etymology. This may be used instead of or alongside a structured list of origin and etymon objects. etymon OPTIONAL (zero or more) and UNIQUE. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this etymology among other etymologies of the same entry. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 195. XML <etymology> <description>...</description> <etymon>...</etymon> <etymon>...</etymon> <etymon>...</etymon> ... </etymology> Example 196. JSON { "description": ... , "etymons": [...] } Example 197. RDF <#entry> dmlex:etymology [ a dmlex:Etymology ; dmlex:description "..." ; dmlex:etymon ... ; dmlex:listingOrder: ...] . Example 198. Relational database Example 199. NVH etymology: description etymon: etymon: etymon: 4.5.3 etymon Represents one stage (of possibly several) in the etymological history of the headword. Property of etymology Properties when OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. Indicates the time period during which this etymological origin is valid. The value is an open-text indication of the time period, in the language of the dictionary. type OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. The type of the etymological process that occurred at this stage of the headword's etymological history such as derivation, cognate, borrowing. The values can be explained and constrained using the etymonType object type. note OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. Any additional information about this stage of the headword's etymological history. etymonUnit REQUIRED (one or more) and UNIQUE. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this origin among other origins listed in the etymology. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 200. XML <etymon when="..." type="..."> <note>...</note> <etymonUnit>...</etymonUnit> <etymonUnit>...</etymonUnit> ... </etymon> Example 201. JSON { "when": "...", "type": "...", "note": "...", "etymonUnits": [...], } Example 202. RDF <#etymon> dmlex:when "..." ; dmlex:type "..." ; dmlex:note "..." ; dmlex:etymonUnit ... ; dmlex:listingOrder 0 . Example 203. Relational database Example 204. NVH etymon: type when: ... note: ... etymonUnit: ... etymonUnit: ... 4.5.4 etymonUnit Represents a form (typically a word) which is the etymological origin of the headword, or another etymologically related form. Property of etymon Properties langCode REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). An IETF tag. The tags can be explained and constrained using the etymonLanguage object type. text REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE (in combination with other unique properties if present). Normalised string. The written form of the etymon. reconstructed OPTIONAL (zero or one). Boolean. If present and set to true, indicates that the form is reconstructed and not attested in any corpus. partOfSpeech OPTIONAL (zero or more). translation OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A translation or gloss of the etymon in the language of the lexicographic resource. listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly one). Number. The position of this etymon among other etymons of the origin. This can be implicit from the serialization. Example 205. XML <etymonUnit langCode="..." reconstructed="true"> <text>...</text> <partOfSpeech tag="..."/> <translation>...</translation> </etymonUnit> Example 206. JSON { "langCode": "...", "text": "...", "reconstructed": true, "partsOfSpeech": [...], "translation": "..." } Example 207. RDF <#etymonUnit> dmlex:langCode "..." ; dmlex:text "..." ; dmlex:reconstructed true ; dmlex:partOfSpeech "..." ; dmlex:translation ... ; dmlex:listingOrder 0 . Example 208. Relational database Example 209. NVH langCode_etymonUnit: text reconstructed: ... pos: ... translation: ... 4.5.5 Extensions to lexicographicResource Extends the lexicographicResource object type from the Core . Additional properties etymonLanguage OPTIONAL (zero or more) etymonType OPTIONAL (zero or more) Example 210. XML <lexicographicResource> <etymonLanguage>...<etymonLanguage/> <etymonType>...<etymonType/> ... </lexicographicResource> Example 211. JSON { "etymonLanguages": [...], "etymonTypes": [...], ... } Example 212. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:etymonLanguage ... . Example 213. NVH lexicographicResource: ... etymonLanguage: ... etymonType: ... 4.5.6 etymonType Represents one of possible values for the type of etymon . Property of lexicographicResource Properties type REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. Normalised string. description OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. A human-readable explanation of this type. sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Example 214. XML <etymonType type="..."> <description>...</description> </etymonType> Example 215. JSON { "type": "...", "description": "..." } Example 216. RDF <#lexicographicResource> dmlex:etymonType [ dmlex:type "..." ; dmlex:description "..." ] . Example 217. Relational database Example 218. NVH etymonType: type description: ... 4.5.7 etymonLanguage Represents one of several allowed values for the language property of etymonUnit objects. Property of lexicographicResource Properties langCode REQUIRED (exactly one) and UNIQUE. The IETF language code of the language. displayName OPTIONAL (zero or one). Normalised string. The name of the etymon language, in the language of the lexicographic resource. sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more). Note Etymologies frequently refer to languages that are not covered by ISO standards. It may be necessary to avail of private-use subtags when composing IETF language tags for etymology, and to explain their meaning in the displayName . Example 219. XML <etymonLanguage langCode="..."> <displayName>...<displayName> <sameAs.../> </etymonLanguage> Example 220. JSON { "langCode": "..." , "displayName": "...", "sameAs": [ ... ] } Example 221. RDF <#etymonLanguage> dmlex:langCode "..." ; dmlex:displayName "... " ; dmlex:sameAs ... . Example 222. Relational database Example 223. NVH etymonLanguage: langCode displayName: ... sameAs: ... 4.5.8 Extensions to partOfSpeech Extends the partOfSpeech object type from the Core . Can additionally be a property of etymonUnit Example 224. Relational database 4.5.9 Extensions to sameAs Extends the sameAs object type from the Controlled Values Module . Can additionally be a property of etymonLanguage etymonType Example 225. Relational database 5 DMLex REQUIRED Serializations (Normative) 5.1 DMLex XML serialization (Normative) This section specifies a serialization of the DMLex data model in XML (Extensible Markup Language) [ XML ]. For data exchange purposes, a valid DMLex XML document is one where either a lexicographicResource or an entry is the document element or one with an arbitrary document element other than lexicographicResource or entry containing a concatenation of one (and only one) of these two element types. 5.1.1 Design Principles (Informative) The XML serialization of DMLex shown in this document follows these principles: The top-level lexicographicResource and entry object types are implemented as XML elements. All other object types and their properties are implemented as XML attributes of their parents, unless: the object has an arity other than (0..1) and (1..1) in at least one of its parent objects or the object can have child objects or the object's value is human-readable text, such as a headword or a definition (this applies, among other things, to all properties named text and description ). In such cases the object or property is implemented as a child XML element of its parent. 5.1.2 Whitespace handling (Normative) Some XML elements in this serialization are defined as allowed to have text content while other elements are not allowed to have text content. Elements which are not allowed to have text content: whitespace inside these elements should be treated as insignificant: any child nodes consisting of whitespace can be ignored when reading the XML. Elements which are allowed to have text content (which includes elements implementing object types from the Annotation Module): whitespace inside these elements should be handled as follows when reading the XML: Completely remove all leading whitespace that immediately follows an opening tag. Completely remove all trailing whitespace that immediately precedes a closing tag. Replace all remaining sequences of whitespace with a single space. This ensures that whitespace is handled in accordance with DMLex's concept of normalised strings defined in Section 1.3.2, “Properties” . 5.1.3 Element order (Normative) The child elements of each parent element must be in the order in which they are listed in this specification. The only exception is inline markup elements which implement object types from the Anotation Module: <placeholderMarker> , <headwordMarker> and <collocateMarker> . These can appear in any order. 5.1.4 DMLex XML serialization elements (Normative) 5.1.4.1 XML element: <lexicographicResource> Implements the lexicographicResource object type. Attributes @title OPTIONAL @uri OPTIONAL @langCode REQUIRED Child elements <entry> OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child elements if implementing the Crosslingual Module <translationLanguage> REQUIRED (one or more) Child elements if implementing the Controlled Values Module <definitionTypeTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <inflectedFormTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <labelTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <labelTypeTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <partOfSpeechTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <sourceIdentityTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <transcriptionSchemeTag> OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child elements if implementing the Linking Module <relation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <relationType> OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child elements if implementing the Etymology Module <etymonLanguage> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <etymonType> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.2 XML element: <entry> Implements the entry object type. Attributes @homographNumber OPTIONAL Attributes if implementing the Linking Module @id OPTIONAL. Entries that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Child elements <headword> REQUIRED (exactly one). If implementing the Annotation Module <headword> can contain a mixture of plain text and <placeholderMarker> elements. <partOfSpeech> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <pronunciation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <inflectedForm> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <sense> OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child elements if implementing the Etymology Module <etymology> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.3 XML element: <partOfSpeech> Implements the partOfSpeech object type. Attributes @tag REQUIRED 5.1.4.4 XML element: <inflectedForm> Implements the inflectedForm object type. Attributes @tag OPTIONAL Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one) <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <pronunciation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.5 XML element: <sense> Implements the sense object type. Child elements <indicator> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <definition> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <example> OPTIONAL (zero or more) Attributes if implementing the Linking Module @id OPTIONAL. Senses that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Child elements if implementing the Crosslingual Module <headwordExplanation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <headwordTranslation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.6 XML element: <definition> Implements the definition object type. Attributes @definitionType OPTIONAL Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one). If implementing the Annotation Module <text> can contain a mixture of plain text, <headwordMarker> elements and <collocateMarker> elements. 5.1.4.7 XML element: <label> Implements the label object type. Attributes @tag REQUIRED 5.1.4.8 XML element: <pronunciation> Implements the pronunciation object type. Attributes @soundFile OPTIONAL if transcription is present, REQUIRED otherwise Child elements <transcription> OPTIONAL (zero or more) if @soundFile is present, REQUIRED (one or more) otherwise <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.9 XML element: <transcription> Implements the transcription object type. Attributes @scheme OPTIONAL Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one). 5.1.4.10 XML element: <example> Implements the example object type. Attributes @sourceIdentity OPTIONAL @sourceElaboration OPTIONAL @soundFile OPTIONAL Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one). If implementing the Annotation Module <text> can contain a mixture of plain text, <headwordMarker> elements and <collocateMarker> elements. <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child elements if implementing the Crosslingual Module <exampleTranslation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.11 XML element: <translationLanguage> Implements the translationLanguage object type from the Crosslingual Module. Attributes @langCode REQUIRED 5.1.4.12 XML element: <headwordTranslation> Implements the headwordTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Attributes @langCode OPTIONAL if the ancestor <lexicographicResource> contains exactly one <translationLanguage> , REQUIRED otherwise Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one). If implementing the Annotation Module <text> can contain a mixture of plain text and <placeholderMarker> elements. <partOfSpeech> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <pronunciation> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <inflectedForm> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.13 XML element: <headwordExplanation> Implements the headwordExplanation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Attributes @langCode OPTIONAL if the ancestor <lexicographicResource> contains exactly one <translationLanguage> , REQUIRED otherwise Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one). 5.1.4.14 XML element: <exampleTranslation> Implements the exampleTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Attributes @langCode OPTIONAL if the ancestor <lexicographicResource> contains exactly one <translationLanguage> , REQUIRED otherwise @soundFile OPTIONAL Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one). If implementing the Annotation Module <text> can contain a mixture of plain text, <headwordMarker> elements and <collocateMarker> elements. <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.15 XML element: <partOfSpeechTag> Implements the partOfSpeechTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED @for OPTIONAL Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) 5.1.4.16 XML element: <inflectedFormTag> Implements the inflectedFormTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED @for OPTIONAL Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.17 XML element: <definitionTypeTag> Implements the definitionTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.18 XML element: <labelTag> Implements the labelTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED @typeTag OPTIONAL @for OPTIONAL Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.19 XML element: <labelTypeTag> Implements the labelTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.20 XML element: <sourceIdentityTag> Implements the sourceIdentityTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.21 XML element: <transcriptionSchemeTag> Implements the transcriptionSchemeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @tag REQUIRED @for OPTIONAL Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) 5.1.4.22 XML element: <sameAs> Implements the sameAs object type from the Controlled Values Module. Attributes @uri REQUIRED 5.1.4.23 XML element: <relation> Implements the relation object type from the Linking Module. Attributes @type REQUIRED Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <member> REQUIRED (two or more) 5.1.4.24 XML element: <member> Implements the member object type from the Linking Module. Attributes @ref REQUIRED: the id of an entry , a sense or a collocateMarker @role OPTIONAL @obverseListingOrder OPTIONAL 5.1.4.25 XML element: <relationType> Implements the relationType object type from the Linking Module. Attributes @type REQUIRED @scopeRestriction REQUIRED Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <memberType> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.26 XML element: <memberType> Implements the memberType object type from the Linking Module. Attributes @role OPTIONAL @type REQUIRED @min OPTIONAL @max OPTIONAL @hint OPTIONAL Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.27 XML element: <placeholderMarker> Implements the placeholderMarker object type from the Annotation module. Contains the text which it marks up. 5.1.4.28 XML element: <headwordMarker> Implements the headwordMarker object type from the Annotation module. Contains the text which it marks up. 5.1.4.29 XML element: <collocateMarker> Implements the collocateMarker object type from the Annotation module. Contains the text which it marks up, optionally followed by one or more <label> elements. Attributes @lemma OPTIONAL Attributes if implementing the Linking Module @id OPTIONAL. Collocate markers that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Child elements <label> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.30 XML element: <etymology> Implements the etymology object type from the Etymology Module. Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <etymon> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.31 XML element: <etymon> Implements the etymon object type from the Etymology Module. Attributes @when OPTIONAL @type OPTIONAL Child elements <note> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <etymonUnit> REQUIRED (one or more) 5.1.4.32 XML element: <etymonUnit> Implements the etymonUnit object type from the Etymology Module. Attributes @langCode REQUIRED @reconstructed OPTIONAL Child elements <text> REQUIRED (exactly one) <partOfSpeech> OPTIONAL (zero or more) <translation> OPTIONAL (zero or one) 5.1.4.33 XML element: <etymonType> Implements the etymonType object type from the Etymology Module. Attributes @type REQUIRED Child elements <description> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.1.4.34 XML element: <etymonLanguage> Implements the etymonLanguage object type from the Etymology Module. Attributes @langCode REQUIRED Child elements <displayName> OPTIONAL (zero or one) <sameAs> OPTIONAL (zero or more) 5.2 DMLex JSON serialization (Normative) This section specifies a serialization of the DMLex data model in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) [ JSON ]. For data exchange purposes, a valid DMLex JSON file contains either a lexicographicResource object or an entry object or a concatenation of one (and only one) of these two object types in the JSON Lines format (i.e. separated by a system-specific newline delimiter). 5.2.1 Design principles The JSON serialization of DMLex shown in this document follows these principles: The top-level lexicographicResource object is implemented as a JSON object: {...} . All other objects are implemented as JSON name-value pairs inside their parent JSON object: {"name": ...} . The values of objects are implemented: If the object has an arity of (0..1) or (1..1) : If the object cannot have any child objects: as a string or number. If the object can have child objects: as a JSON object. If the object has any other arity: If the object cannot have any child objects: as an array of strings or numbers. If the object can have child objects: as an array of JSON objects. The names of objects are: plural if the value is an array, for example labels , partsOfSpeech singular if the value is anything else, for example headword , indicator 5.2.2 DMLex JSON serialization objects (Normative) 5.2.2.1 JSON object: lexicographicResource Implements the lexicographicResource object type. Members "title" OPTIONAL, string "uri" OPTIONAL, string "langCode" REQUIRED, string "entries" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more entry instances Members if implementing the Crosslingual Module "translationLanguages" REQUIRED, array of one or more strings implementing the translationLanguage object type Members if implementing the Controlled Values Module "definitionTypeTags" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more definitionTypeTag instances "inflectedFormTags" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more inflectedFormTag instances "labelTags" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more labelTag instances "labelTypeTags" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more labelTypeTag instances "partOfSpeechTags" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more partOfSpeechTag instances "sourceIdentityTags" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more sourceIdentityTag instances Members if implementing the Linking Module "relations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more relation instances "relationTypes" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more relationType instances Members if implementing the Etymology Module "etymonLanguages" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more etymonLanguage instances "etymonTypes" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more etymonType instances 5.2.2.2 JSON object: entry Implements the entry object type. Members "headword" REQUIRED, string "homographNumber" OPTIONAL, string "partsOfSpeech" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the partOfSpeech object type "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type "pronunciations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more pronunciation instances "inflectedForms" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more inflectedForm instances "senses" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more sense instances Members if implementing the Linking Module "id" OPTIONAL, string. Entries that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Members if implementing the Annotation Module "placeholderMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more placeholderMarker instances Members if implementing the Etymology Module "etymologies" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more etymology instances 5.2.2.3 JSON object: inflectedForm Implements the inflectedForm object type. Members "tag" OPTIONAL, string "text" REQUIRED, string "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type "pronunciations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more pronunciation instances 5.2.2.4 JSON object: sense Implements the sense object type. Members "indicator" OPTIONAL, string "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type "definitions" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more definition instances "examples" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more example instances Members if implementing the Linking Module "id" OPTIONAL, string. Senses that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Members if implementing the Crosslingual Module "headwordExplanations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more headwordExplanation instances "headwordTranslations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more headwordTranslation instances 5.2.2.5 JSON object: definition Implements the definition object type. Members "definitionType" OPTIONAL, string "text" REQUIRED, string Members if implementing the Annotation Module "headwordMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more headwordMarker instances "collocateMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more collocateMarker instances 5.2.2.6 JSON object: pronunciation Implements the pronunciation object type. Members "soundFile" OPTIONAL if "transcriptions" is present and non-empty, REQUIRED otherwise; string "transcriptions" OPTIONAL if "soundFile" is present, REQUIRED otherwise; array of zero or more transcription instances "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type 5.2.2.7 JSON object: transcription Implements the transcription object type. Members "scheme" OPTIONAL, string "text" REQUIRED, string 5.2.2.8 JSON object: example Implements the example object type. Members "sourceIdentity" OPTIONAL, string "sourceElaboration" OPTIONAL, string "soundFile" OPTIONAL, string "text" REQUIRED, string "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type Members if implementing the Annotation Module "headwordMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more headwordMarker instances "collocateMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more collocateMarker instances Members if implementing the Crosslingual Module "exampleTranslations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more exampleTranslation instances 5.2.2.9 JSON object: headwordTranslation Implements the headwordTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Members "langCode" OPTIONAL if the lexicographicResource contains exactly one translationLanguage , REQUIRED otherwise; string "text" REQUIRED, string "partsOfSpeech" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the partOfSpeech object type "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type "pronunciations" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more pronunciation instances "inflectedForms" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more inflectedForm instances Members if implementing the Annotation Module "placeholderMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more placeholderMarker instances 5.2.2.10 JSON object: headwordExplanation Implements the headwordExplanation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Members "langCode" OPTIONAL if the lexicographicResource contains exactly one translationLanguage , REQUIRED otherwise; string "text" REQUIRED, string 5.2.2.11 JSON object: exampleTranslation Implements the exampleTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Members "langCode" OPTIONAL if the lexicographicResource contains exactly one translationLanguage , REQUIRED otherwise; string "text" REQUIRED, string "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type Members if implementing the Annotation Module "headwordMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more headwordMarker instances "collocateMarkers" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more collocateMarker instances 5.2.2.12 JSON object: partOfSpeechTag Implements the partOfSpeechTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "for" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.13 JSON object: inflectedFormTag Implements the inflectedFormTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "for" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.14 JSON object: definitionTypeTag Implements the definitionTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.15 JSON object: labelTag Implements the labelTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "typeTag" OPTIONAL, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "for" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.16 JSON object: labelTypeTag Implements the labelTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.17 JSON object: sourceIdentityTag Implements the sourceIdentityTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.18 JSON object: transcriptionSchemeTag Implements the transcriptionSchemeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Members "tag" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "for" OPTIONAL, string 5.2.2.19 JSON object: relation Implements the relation object type from the Linking Module. Members "type" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "members" OPTIONAL, array of two or more member instances 5.2.2.20 JSON object: member Implements the member object type from the Linking Module. Members "ref" REQUIRED, string: the id of an entry , a sense or a collocateMarker . "role" OPTIONAL, string "obverseListingOrder" OPTIONAL, number 5.2.2.21 JSON object: relationType Implements the relationType object type from the Linking Module. Members "type" REQUIRED, string "scopeRestriction" OPTIONAL, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "memberTypes" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more memberType instances "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.22 JSON object: memberType Implements the memberType object type from the Linking Module. Members "role" OPTIONAL, string "type" REQUIRED, string "min" OPTIONAL, number "max" OPTIONAL, number "hint" OPTIONAL, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.23 JSON object: placeholderMarker Implements the placeholderMarker object type from the Annotation Module. Members "startIndex" REQUIRED, number "endIndex" REQUIRED, number 5.2.2.24 JSON object: headwordMarker Implements the headwordMarker object type from the Annotation Module. Members "startIndex" REQUIRED, number "endIndex" REQUIRED, number 5.2.2.25 JSON object: collocateMarker Implements the collocateMarker object type from the Annotation Module. Members "startIndex" REQUIRED, number "endIndex" REQUIRED, number "lemma" OPTIONAL, string "labels" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the label object type Members if implementing the Linking Module "id" OPTIONAL, string. Collocate markers that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . 5.2.2.26 JSON object: etymology Implements the etymology object type from the Etymology Module. Members "description" OPTIONAL, string "etymons" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more etymon instances 5.2.2.27 JSON object: etymon Implements the etymon object type from the Etymology Module. Members "when" OPTIONAL, string "type" OPTIONAL, string "note" OPTIONAL, string "etymonUnits" REQUIRED, array of one or more etymonUnit instances 5.2.2.28 JSON object: etymonUnit Implements the etymonUnit object type from the Etymology Module. Members "langCode" REQUIRED, string "reconstructed" OPTIONAL, boolean "text" REQUIRED, string "partsOfSpeech" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the partOfSpeech object type "translation" OPTIONAL, string 5.2.2.29 JSON object: etymonType Implements the etymonType object type from the Etymology Module. Members "type" REQUIRED, string "description" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.2.2.30 JSON object: etymonLanguage Implements the etymonLanguage object type from the Etymology Module. Members "langCode" REQUIRED, string "displayName" OPTIONAL, string "sameAs" OPTIONAL, array of zero or more strings implementing the sameAs object type 5.3 DMLex RDF serialization (Normative) 5.3.1 Design principles The RDF serialization used in this document follows the following principles The RDF serialization uses an vocabulary defined at the namespace https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/schemas/RDF/dmlex.ttl# , al elements of the vocabulary are in this namespace The vocabulary file provides RDF Schema and OWL axioms which implement the restrictions described by the data model. It also provides a linking to the OntoLex-Lemon model. The ontology provides rules to infer an OntoLex-lemon model from DMLex data. This is achieved by means of subclass and subproperty axioms and so conversion can be performed by an OWL reasoner. All elements of the modules are modelled as individuals with an appropriate class definitions Each other object type is associated with a property (with a lowercase initial letter) and a class (with an uppercase initial letter. In all case the range of this property is the class Arity of properties is implemented by means of OWL class restrictions. Listing order can be specified with the property dmlex:listingOrder with values starting from 1 and ascending There is not a specific id property, instead the URI of the entity acts as the ID There is no property for sameAs in the controlled values module. Instead you can use OWL's sameAs property The implementation is not aware of which modules are in use, to enable publishing on the web. As such cardinality constraints that are only required in a module are not implemented. The domain of some properties is given as a HasProperty class when it can be used with multiple classes. As such, classes may be subclasses of several different HasProperty classes 5.3.2 DMLex RDF serialization elements 5.3.2.1 RDF element: dmlex:LexicographicResource Represents a dictionary Superclasses http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#Lexicon Properties dmlex:title OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:uri OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI dmlex:entry OPTIONAL reference to Entry (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#entry ) dmlex:translationLanguage OPTIONAL reference to TranslationLanguage dmlex:definitionTypeTag OPTIONAL reference to DefinitionTypeTag dmlex:inflectedFormTag OPTIONAL reference to InflectedFormTag dmlex:labelTypeTag OPTIONAL reference to LabelTypeTag dmlex:partOfSpeechTag OPTIONAL reference to PartOfSpeechTag dmlex:sourceIdentityTag OPTIONAL reference to SourceIdentityTag dmlex:transcriptionSchemeTag OPTIONAL reference to TranscriptionSchemeTag dmlex:relation OPTIONAL reference to Relation dmlex:relationType OPTIONAL reference to RelationType dmlex:etymonType OPTIONAL reference to EtymonType dmlex:etymonLanguage OPTIONAL reference to EtymonLanguage dmlex:langCode REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) 5.3.2.2 RDF element: dmlex:Entry Represents a dictionary entry Superclasses http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#LexicalEntry Properties dmlex:headword REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:homographNumber OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:sense OPTIONAL reference to Sense (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#evokes ) dmlex:etymology OPTIONAL reference to Etymology dmlex:partOfSpeech OPTIONAL reference to PartOfSpeech dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:pronunciation OPTIONAL reference to Pronunciation dmlex:inflectedForm OPTIONAL reference to InflectedForm (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm ) dmlex:placeholderMarker OPTIONAL reference to PlaceholderMarker 5.3.2.3 RDF element: dmlex:PartOfSpeech Represents a part of speech label Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) 5.3.2.4 RDF element: dmlex:InflectedForm Represents one (of possibly many) inflected forms of the headword Superclasses http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#Form Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:pronunciation OPTIONAL reference to Pronunciation dmlex:tag OPTIONAL (at most 1) dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal 5.3.2.5 RDF element: dmlex:Sense Represents one of possibly many meanings (or meaning potentials) of the headword. Superclasses http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#LexicalConcept Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:indicator OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:definition OPTIONAL reference to Definition dmlex:example OPTIONAL reference to Example dmlex:headwordExplanation OPTIONAL reference to HeadwordExplanation dmlex:headwordTranslation OPTIONAL reference to HeadwordTranslation 5.3.2.6 RDF element: dmlex:Definition Represents one of possibly several definitions of a sense. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:definitionType OPTIONAL (at most 1) reference to DefinitionTypeTag dmlex:headwordMarker OPTIONAL reference to HeadwordMarker dmlex:collocateMarker OPTIONAL reference to CollocateMarker 5.3.2.7 RDF element: dmlex:Label Represents a restriction on its parent such as temporal (old-fashioned, neologism), regional (dialect), register (formal, colloquial), domain (medicine, politics) or grammar (singular-only). Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) 5.3.2.8 RDF element: dmlex:Pronunciation Represents the pronunciation of its parent. Pronunciations must have either a sound file or a transcription. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:soundFile OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI dmlex:transcription OPTIONAL reference to Transcription 5.3.2.9 RDF element: dmlex:Transcription Represents the transcription of a pronunciation in some notation such as IPA. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:scheme OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language 5.3.2.10 RDF element: dmlex:Example Represents a sentence or other text fragment which illustrates the headword being used. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:soundFile OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI dmlex:sourceIdentity OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:sourceElaboration OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:exampleTranslation OPTIONAL reference to ExampleTranslation dmlex:headwordMarker OPTIONAL reference to HeadwordMarker dmlex:collocateMarker OPTIONAL reference to CollocateMarker 5.3.2.11 RDF element: dmlex:TranslationLanguage Represents one of the languages in which translations are given in this lexicographic resource Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:langCode REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) 5.3.2.12 RDF element: dmlex:HeadwordTranslation Represents one of possibly multiple translations of a headword Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:langCode OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) dmlex:partOfSpeech OPTIONAL reference to PartOfSpeech dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:pronunciation OPTIONAL reference to Pronunciation dmlex:inflectedForm OPTIONAL reference to InflectedForm (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm ) dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:placeholderMarker OPTIONAL reference to PlaceholderMarker 5.3.2.13 RDF element: dmlex:HeadwordExplanation Represents a statement in the translation language which explains (but does not translate) the meaning of the headword. Properties dmlex:langCode OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal 5.3.2.14 RDF element: dmlex:ExampleTranslation Represents the translation of an example. Properties dmlex:listingOrder OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:langCode OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:soundFile OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyURI dmlex:headwordMarker OPTIONAL reference to HeadwordMarker dmlex:collocateMarker OPTIONAL reference to CollocateMarker 5.3.2.15 RDF element: dmlex:DefinitionTypeTag Represents one (of many) possible values for definitionType of definition. Properties dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.3.2.16 RDF element: dmlex:InflectedFormTag Represents one (of many) possible values for tag of inflectedForm Properties dmlex:inflectedForm OPTIONAL reference to InflectedForm (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm ) dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:forPartOfSpeech OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.3.2.17 RDF element: dmlex:LabelTag Represents one (of many) possible values for tag of label. Properties dmlex:inflectedForm OPTIONAL reference to InflectedForm (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm ) dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:forPartOfSpeech OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:forCollocates OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.3.2.18 RDF element: dmlex:LabelTypeTag Represents one (of many) possible values for typeTag of labelTag. Properties dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal 5.3.2.19 RDF element: dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag Represents one (of many) possible values for tag of partOfSpeech. Properties dmlex:inflectedForm OPTIONAL reference to InflectedForm (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm ) dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:forEtymology OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.3.2.20 RDF element: dmlex:SourceIdentityTag Represents one (of many) possible values for sourceIdentity of example. Properties dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.3.2.21 RDF element: dmlex:TranscriptionSchemeTag Represents one (of many) possible values for scheme of transcription. Properties dmlex:inflectedForm OPTIONAL reference to InflectedForm (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#otherForm ) dmlex:tag REQUIRED (exactly 1) dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal 5.3.2.22 RDF element: dmlex:Relation Represents the fact that a relation exists between two or more objects. Properties dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:type REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:member REQUIRED (at least 2) reference to Member 5.3.2.23 RDF element: dmlex:Member Represents the fact that an object, such as an entry or a sense, is a member of a relation. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:ref REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:obverseListingOrder OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#integer dmlex:role OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string 5.3.2.24 RDF element: dmlex:RelationType Represents one of possible values for the type of relation. Properties dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL dmlex:type REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:scope OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:memberType OPTIONAL reference to MemberType 5.3.2.25 RDF element: dmlex:MemberType Represents one of possible values for the role of member, as well as various restrictions on members having this role. Properties dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL dmlex:type REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:role OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:min OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:max OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:action OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string 5.3.2.26 RDF element: dmlex:PlaceholderMarker Marks up a substring inside a headword or inside a headword translation which is not part of the expression itself but stands for things that can take its place. Properties dmlex:startIndex REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:endIndex REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string 5.3.2.27 RDF element: dmlex:HeadwordMarker Marks up a substring inside an example, inside an example translation or inside a definition which corresponds to the headword (or to a translation of the headword) Properties dmlex:startIndex REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:endIndex REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string 5.3.2.28 RDF element: dmlex:CollocateMarker Marks up a substring other than the headword inside an example, inside an example translation or inside a definition. Properties dmlex:label OPTIONAL reference to Label dmlex:lemma OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string 5.3.2.29 RDF element: dmlex:Etymology Represents a chain of historical derivations of a word. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:etymon OPTIONAL reference to Etymon 5.3.2.30 RDF element: dmlex:Etymon Represents one stage (of possibly several) in the etymological history of the headword. Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:type OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:when OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:note OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:etymonUnit REQUIRED (at least 1) reference to EtymonUnit 5.3.2.31 RDF element: dmlex:EtymonUnit Represents a form (typically a word) which is the etymological origin of the headword, or another etymologically related form Properties dmlex:listingOrder REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#nonNegativeInteger dmlex:langCode OPTIONAL of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) dmlex:partOfSpeech OPTIONAL reference to PartOfSpeech dmlex:text REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:translation OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:reconstructed OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#boolean 5.3.2.32 RDF element: dmlex:EtymonType Represents one of possible values for the type of etymon. Properties dmlex:description OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#Literal dmlex:type REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.3.2.33 RDF element: dmlex:EtymonLanguage Represents one of several allowed values for the language property of etymonUnit objects. Properties dmlex:langCode REQUIRED (exactly 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#language (subproperty of http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/lime#language ) dmlex:displayName OPTIONAL (at most 1) of type http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string dmlex:sameAs OPTIONAL 5.4 DMLex relational database serialization (Normative) This section specifies a serialization of the DMLex data model as a relational database, using conventional database modelling concepts (tables with columns and rows, primary keys, relationships, foreign keys) and data types from the ISO SQL (Structured Query Language) Standard [ SQL ]. 5.4.1 Design principles (Informative) The relational database serialization of DMLex shown in this document follows these principles: The lexicographicResource object is implemented as table. (Alternatively, it can left unimplemented if the database is going to contain only one lexicographic resource.) Other objects with an arity other than (0..1) and (1..1) are implemented as tables. The values of objects, and objects with an arity of (0..1) or (1..1) are implemented as columns in those tables. The parent-child relation is implemented as a one-to-many relation between tables. 5.4.2 Database diagrams (Informative) The following diagrams provide a high-level overview of the relational database serialization of DMLex. Each diagram presents a "view" of the database from the perspective of one of the modules or from the perspective of the DMLex Core. The diagrams shown here follow the usual conventions used in relational database diagrams: Each box represents a database table and contains a list of its column headings. The abbreviation PK next to a column name indicates that the column is a primary key. The abbreviation FK next to a column name indicates that the column is a foreign key. Lines between the boxes represent relationships between tables, with the conventional "crow's feet" symbols at the ends of the lines to indicate the relation's arity (one-to-many etc.). In addition to that, the following non-standard conventions are used in the diagrams: A curly bracket surrounding a group of foreign keys in a table indicates the constraint that exactly one of the foreign keys in this group must be non-empty while all the other ones must be null. Tables and columns shown in grey are tables are defined in another module (or in the core) and are shown only for information. The dashed outline on the table lexicographicResources indicates that the table is optional. If a database contains only one lexicographic resource, then this table, as well as any foreign-key columns in other tables that reference it, can be left unimplemented. Any relationships indicated by a dashed line and/or labelled with the lower-case abbreviation "fk" (as opposed to upper case "FK") are optional: they can be implemented as constraints (if the implementor wishes to have a high degree of referential integrity) or left unimplemented (for example if referential integrity cannot be assumed when importing data from an untrusted tree-structured serialization of DMLex). 5.4.2.1 Database diagram: DMLex Core 5.4.2.2 Database diagram: DMLex Crosslingual Module 5.4.2.3 Database diagram: DMLex Controlled Values Module 5.4.2.4 Database diagram: DMLex Linking Module 5.4.2.5 Database diagram: DMLex Annotation Module 5.4.2.6 Database diagram: DMLex Etymology Module 5.4.3 DMLex relational database serialization tables (Normative) 5.4.3.1 Database table: lexicographicResources Implements the lexicographicResource object type. Columns id: int , primary key title: nvarchar uri: nvarchar langCode: varchar Comment If the database is designed to contain only one lexicographic resource then this table, including all foreign keys in other tables that reference it, is not REQUIRED to be implemented. 5.4.3.2 Database table: entries Implements the entry object type. Columns id: int , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources headword: nvarchar homographNumber: int 5.4.3.3 Database table: partsOfSpeech Implements the partOfSpeech object type. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries tag: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table partOfSpeechTags listingOrder: int Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module headwordTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table headwordTranslations Columns if implementing the Etymology Module etymonUnitID: int , foreign key, references column id of table etymonUnits Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys entryID , headwordTranslationID and etymonID is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.4 Database table: inflectedForms Implements the inflectedForm object type. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries tag: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table inflectedFormTags text: nvarchar listingOrder: int Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module headwordTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table headwordTranslations Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys entryID and headwordTranslationID is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.5 Database table: senses Implements the sense object type. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries indicator: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.6 Database table: definitions Implements the definition object type. Columns id: int , primary key senseID: int , foreign key, references column id of table senses text: nvarchar definitionType: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table definitionTypeTags listingOrder: int 5.4.3.7 Database table: labels Implements the label object type. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries inflectedFormID: int , foreign key, references column id of table inflectedForms pronunciationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table pronunciations senseID: int , foreign key, references column id of table senses exampleID: int , foreign key, references column id of table examples tag: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table labelTags listingOrder: int Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module headwordTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table headwordTranslations exampleTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table exampleTranslations Columns if implementing the Annotation Module collocateMarkerID: int , foreign key, references column id of table collocateMarkers Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys entryID , inflectedFormID , pronunciationID , senseID , exampleID , headwordTranslationID , exampleTranslationID and collocateMarkerID is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.8 Database table: pronunciations Implements the pronunciation object type. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries inflectedFormID: int , foreign key, references column id of table inflectedForms soundFile: nvarchar listingOrder: int Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module headwordTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table headwordTranslations Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys entryID , inflectedFormID and headwordTranslationID is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.9 Database table: transcriptions Implements the transcription object type. Columns id: int , primary key pronunciationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table pronunciations text: nvarchar scheme: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table transcriptionSchemeTags listingOrder: int 5.4.3.10 Database table: examples Implements the example object type. Columns id: int , primary key senseID: int , foreign key, references column id of table senses text: nvarchar sourceIdentity: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table sourceIdentityTags sourceElaboration: nvarchar soundFile: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.11 Database table: translationLanguages Implements the translationLanguage object type from the Crosslingual Module. Columns langCode: varchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources listingOrder: int 5.4.3.12 Database table: headwordTranslations Implements the headwordTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Columns id: int , primary key senseID: int , foreign key, references column id of table senses langCode: varchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column langCode of table translationLanguages text: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.13 Database table: headwordExplanations Implements the headwordExplanation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Columns id: int , primary key senseID: int , foreign key, references column id of table senses langCode: varchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column langCode of table translationLanguages text: nvarchar 5.4.3.14 Database table: exampleTranslations Implements the exampleTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. Columns id: int , primary key exampleID: int , foreign key, references column id of table examples langCode: varchar , foreign key, references column langCode of table translationLanguages text: nvarchar soundFile: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.15 Database table: definitionTypeTags Implements the definitionTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar 5.4.3.16 Database table: inflectedFormTags Implements the inflectedFormTags object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar for: nvarchar 5.4.3.17 Database table: labelTags Implements the labelTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar typeTag: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column tag of table labelTypeTags for: nvarchar 5.4.3.18 Database table: labelTypeTags Implements the labelTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar 5.4.3.19 Database table: partOfSpeechTags Implements the partOfSpeechTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar for: nvarchar 5.4.3.20 Database table: sourceIdentityTags Implements the sourceIdentityTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar 5.4.3.21 Database table: transcriptionSchemeTags Implements the transcriptionSchemeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns tag: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar for: nvarchar 5.4.3.22 Database table: sameAs Implements the sameAs object type from the Controlled Values Module. Columns id: int , primary key sourceIdentityTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table sourceIdentityTags definitionTypeTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table definitionTypeTags transcriptionSchemeTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table transcriptionSchemeTags labelTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table labelTags labelTypeTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table labelTypeTags inflectedFormTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table inflectedFormTags partOfSpeechTag: nvarchar , foreign key, references column tag of table partOfSpeechTags uri: nvarchar Columns if implementing the Linking Module relationType: nvarchar , foreign key, references column type of table relationTypes memberTypeID: int , foreign key, references column id of table memberTypes Columns if implementing the Etymology Module etymonLanguageCode: nvarchar , foreign key, references column langCode of table etymonLanguages etymonType: nvarchar , foreign key, references column type of table etymonTypes Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys sourceIdentityTag , definitionTypeTag , transcriptionSchemeTag , labelTag , labelTypeTag , inflectedFormTag , partOfSpeechTag , relationType , memberTypeID etymonLanguageCode and etymonType is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.23 Database table: relations Implements the relation object type from the Linking Module. Columns id: int , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources type: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column type of table relationTypes description: nvarchar 5.4.3.24 Database table: members Implements the member object type from the Linking Module. Columns id: int , primary key relationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table relations memberEntryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries memberSenseID: int , foreign key, references column id of table senses role: nvarchar listingOrder: int obverseListingOrder: int Columns if implementing the Annotation Module memberCollocateMarkerID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys memberEntryID , memberSenseID and memberCollocateMakerID is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.25 Database table: relationTypes Implements the relationType object type from the Linking Module. Columns type: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources relationScope: nvarchar 5.4.3.26 Database table: memberTypes Implements the memberType object type from the Linking Module. Columns id: int , primary key relationType: nvarchar , foreign key, references column type of table relationType role: nvarchar description: nvarchar type: nvarchar min: int max: int hint: varchar 5.4.3.27 Database table: placeholderMarkers Implements the placeholderMarker object type from the Annotation Module. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries startIndex: int endIndex: int Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module headwordTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table headwordTranslations Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys entryID and headwordTranslationID , is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.28 Database table: headwordMarkers Implements the headwordMarker object type from the Annotation Module. Columns id: int , primary key definitionID: int , foreign key, references column id of table definitions exampleID: int , foreign key, references column id of table examples startIndex: int endIndex: int Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module exampleTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table exampleTranslations Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys definitionID , exampleID and exampleTranslationID , is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.29 Database table: collocateMarkers Implements the collocateMarker object type from the Annotation Module. Columns id: int , primary key definitionID: int , foreign key, references column id of table definitions exampleID: int , foreign key, references column id of table examples startIndex: int endIndex: int lemma: nvarchar Columns if implementing the Crosslingual Module exampleTranslationID: int , foreign key, references column id of table exampleTranslations Constraint Exactly one of the foreign keys definitionID , exampleID and exampleTranslationID , is REQUIRED to be non-empty. 5.4.3.30 Database table: etymologies Implements the etymology object type from the Etymology Module. Columns id: int , primary key entryID: int , foreign key, references column id of table entries description: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.31 Database table: etymons Implements the etymon object type from the Etymology Module. Columns id: int , primary key etymologyID: int , foreign key, references column id of table etymologies when: nvarchar type: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column type of table etymonTypes note: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.32 Database table: etymonUnits Implements the etymonUnit object type from the Etymology Module. Columns id: int , primary key etymonID: int , foreign key, references column id of table etymons langCode: nvarchar , optionally a foreign key referencing column langCode of table etymonLanguages text: nvarchar reconstructed: bit translation: nvarchar listingOrder: int 5.4.3.33 Database table: etymonTypes Implements the etymonType object type from the Etymology Module. Columns type: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources description: nvarchar 5.4.3.34 Database table: etymonLanguages Implements the etymonLanguage object type from the Etymology Module. Columns langCode: nvarchar , primary key lexicographicResourceID: int , foreign key, references column id of table lexicographicResources displayName: nvarchar Appendix A Informative material on serializations (Informative) A.1 Examples (Informative) This section gives examples which show how to use DMLex to model lexicographic resources. Each example is shown in pseudocode first to demonstrate the object model at an abstract level. After that, each example is shown in XML and JSON. The XML and JSON encoding shown here follows DMLex’s own implementation guidance for XML and JSON. In the pseudocode, relation objects use alphanumeric IDs to indicate which entries or senses they point to, for example microscope-1 and der-ozean-1 . These IDs are used here instead of fragment identification strings for easier readibility. A.1.1 A basic entry This is a basic, beginner-level example of how to use DMLex to represent a simple monolingual lexicographic resource consisting of one entry with two senses. It demonstrates some of the basic features of DMLex Core: how to subdivide a entry into senses, how attach various data such as definition, part-of-speech labels to entries and senses, and how to add labels to various objects such as senses and examples. Example A.1. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (headword: abandon) - partOfSpeech (tag: verb) - sense - definition (text: to suddenly leave a place or a person) - example (text: I'm sorry I abandoned you like that.) - example (text: Abandon ship!) - label (tag: idiom) - sense - label (tag: mostly-passive) - definition (text: to stop supporting an idea) - example (text: That theory has been abandoned.) Example A.2. XML <lexicographicResource title="Example Dictionary" uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="abandon-verb"> <headword>abandon</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="verb"/> <sense id="abandon-verb-1"> <definition> <text>to suddenly leave a place or a person</text> </definition> <example> <text>I'm sorry I abandoned you like that.</text> </example> <example> <text>Abandon ship!</text> <label tag="idiom"/> </example> </sense> <sense id="abandon-verb-2"> <label tag="mostly-passive"/> <definition> <text>to stop supporting an idea</text> </definition> <example> <text>That theory has been abandoned.</text> </example> </sense> </entry> </lexicographicResource> Example A.3. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "title": "Example Dictionary", "entries": [{ "id": "abandon-verb", "headword": "abandon", "partsOfSpeech": ["verb"], "senses": [{ "id": "abandon-verb-1", "definitions": [{ "text": "to suddenly leave a place or a person" }], "examples": [{ "text": "I'm sorry I abandoned you like that." }, { "text": "Abandon ship!", "labels": ["idiom"] }] }, { "id": "abandon-verb-2", "labels": ["mostly-passive"], "definitions": [{"text":"to stop supporting an idea"}], "examples": [{ "text": "That theory has been abandoned." }] }] }] } Example A.4. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:title "Example Dictionary"; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:entry ex:abandon-verb. ex:abandon-verb a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:abandon-verb-1, ex:abandon-verb-2; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:tag "verb"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:headword "abandon". ex:abandon-verb-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "to suddenly leave a place or a person"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:example [ a dmlex:Example; dmlex:text "I'm sorry I abandoned you like that."; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:Example; dmlex:text "Abandon ship!"; dmlex:label [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "idiom" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:abandon-verb-2 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:label [ dmlex:tag "mostly-passive"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:example [ a dmlex:Example; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "That theory has been abandoned." ]; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "to stop supporting an idea" ]. Example A.5. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: abandon pos: verb sense: definition: to suddenly leave a place or a person example: I'm sorry I abandoned you like that. example: Abandon ship! label: idiom sense: label: mostly-passive definition: to stop supporting an idea example: That theory has been abandoned. A.1.2 How to use inflectedForm This is an entry from a hypothetical Irish dictionary for the headword "fol�sghlant�ir" ("vacuum cleaner") which gives its two inflected forms, the singular genitive and the plural. Example A.6. Pseudocode - entry (headword: fol�sghlant�ir) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-masc) - inflectedForm (tag: sg-gen, text: fol�sghlant�ra) - inflectedForm (tag: pl, text: fol�sghlant�ir�) - sense... Example A.7. XML <entry id="fol�sghlant�ir-n" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>fol�sghlant�ir</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n-masc"/> <inflectedForm tag="sg-gen"> <text>fol�sghlant�ra</text> </inflectedForm> <inflectedForm tag="pl"> <text>fol�sghlant�ir�</text> </inflectedForm> </entry> Example A.8. JSON { "id": "fol�sghlant�ir-n", "headword": "fol�sghlant�ir", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-masc"], "inflectedForms": [{ "tag": "sg-gen", "text": "fol�sghlant�ra" }, { "tag": "pl", "text": "fol�sghlant�ir�" }], "senses": [] } Example A.9. RDF ex:fol�sghlant�ir-n a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "fol�sghlant�ir"; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n-masc" ]. Example A.10. NVH entry: fol�sghlant�ir pos: n-masc form: fol�sghlant�ra tag: sg-gen form: fol�sghlant�ir� tag: pl sense: ... A.1.3 Pronunciation given as transcription Example A.11. Pseudocode - entry (headword: aardvark) - pronunciation - transcription (text: a:rdva:rk) - sense... Example A.12. XML <entry id="aardvark-noun" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>aardvark</headword> <pronunciation> <transcription> <text>a:rdva:rk</text> </transcription> </pronunciation> </entry> Example A.13. JSON { "id": "aardvark-noun", "headword": "aardvark", "pronunciations": [{ "transcriptions": [{"text": "a:rdva:rk"}] }], "senses": [] } Example A.14. RDF ex:aardvark-noun a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "aardvark"; dmlex:pronunciation [ a dmlex:Pronunciation; dmlex:transcription [ a dmlex:Transcription; dmlex:text "a:rdva:rk"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. Example A.15. NVH entry: aardvark pronunciation: transcription: a:rdva:rk sense: ... A.1.4 Pronunciation given as a sound file Example A.16. Pseudocode - entry (headword: aardvark) - pronunciation (soundFile: aardvark.mp3) - sense: ... Example A.17. XML <entry id="aardvark-noun" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>aardvark</headword> <pronunciation soundFile="aardvark.mp3"/> </entry> Example A.18. JSON { "id": "aardvark-noun", "headword": "aardvark", "pronunciations": [{ "soundFile": "aardvark.mp3" }], "senses": [] } Example A.19. RDF ex:aardvark-noun a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:pronunciation [ a dmlex:Pronunciation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:soundFile "aardvark.mp3" ]; dmlex:headword "aardvark". Example A.20. NVH entry: aardvark pronunciation: aardvark.mp3 sense: ... A.1.5 Pronunciation given both ways Example A.21. Pseudocode - entry (headword: aardvark) - pronunciation (soundFile: aardvark.mp3) - transcription (text: a:rdva:rk) - sense: ... Example A.22. XML <entry id="aardvark-noun" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>aardvark</headword> <pronunciation soundFile="aardvark.mp3"> <transcription> <text>a:rdva:rk</text> </transcription> </pronunciation> </entry> Example A.23. JSON { "id": "aardvark-noun", "headword": "aardvark", "pronunciations": [{ "soundFile": "aardvark.mp3", "transcriptions": [{"text": "a:rdva:rk"}] }], "senses": [] } Example A.24. RDF ex:aardvark-noun a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:pronunciation [ a dmlex:Pronunciation; dmlex:soundFile "aardvark.mp3"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:transcription [ a dmlex:Transcription; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "a:rdva:rk" ] ]; dmlex:headword "aardvark". Example A.25. NVH entry: aardvark pronunciation: aardvark.mp3 transcription: a:rdva:rk sense: ... A.1.6 How to use partOfSpeechTag and inflectedFormTag This is an entry from a hypothetical Irish dictionary for the headword "fol�sghlant�ir" ("vacuum cleaner"). The meaning of the various tags used in this entry is explained in the partOfSpeechTag and inflectedFormTag objects. Example A.26. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: ga) - entry (headword: fol�sghlant�ir) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-masc) - inflectedForm (tag: sg-gen, text: fol�sghlant�ra) - inflectedForm (tag: pl, text: fol�sghlant�ir�) - sense: ... - partOfSpeechTag (tag: n-masc, description: masculine noun) - partOfSpeechTag (tag: n-fem, description: feminine noun) - inflectedFormTag (tag: sg-gen, description: singular genitive) - inflectedFormTag (tag: pl, description: plural) Example A.27. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="ga" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="fol�sghlant�ir-n"> <headword>fol�sghlant�ir</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n-masc"/> <inflectedForm tag="sg-gen"> <text>fol�sghlant�ra</text> </inflectedForm> <inflectedForm tag="pl"> <text>fol�sghlant�ir�</text> </inflectedForm> </entry> <inflectedFormTag tag="sg-gen" for="n-masc n-fem"> <description>singular genitive</description> </inflectedFormTag> <inflectedFormTag tag="pl" for="n-masc n-fem"> <description>plural</description> </inflectedFormTag> <partOfSpeechTag tag="n-masc"> <description>masculine noun</description> </partOfSpeechTag> <partOfSpeechTag tag="n-fem"> <description>feminine noun</description> </partOfSpeechTag> </lexicographicResource> Example A.28. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "ga", "entries": [{ "id": "fol�sghlant�ir-n", "headword": "fol�sghlant�ir", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-masc"], "inflectedForms": [{ "tag": "sg-gen", "text": "fol�sghlant�ra" }, { "tag": "pl", "text": "fol�sghlant�ir�" }], "senses": [] }], "partOfSpeechTags": [{ "tag": "n-masc", "description": "masculine noun" }, { "tag": "n-fem", "description": "feminine noun" }], "inflectedFormTags": [{ "tag": "sg-gen", "description": "singular genitive", "for": "n-masc n-fem" }, { "tag": "pl", "description": "plural", "for": "n-masc n-fem" }] } Example A.29. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:inflectedFormTag [ a dmlex:InflectedFormTag; dmlex:description "singular genitive"; dmlex:for "n-masc n-fem" ; dmlex:tag "sg-gen" ], [ a dmlex:InflectedFormTag; dmlex:tag "pl"; dmlex:for "n-masc n-fem" ; dmlex:description "plural" ]; dmlex:partOfSpeechTag [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag; dmlex:tag "n-fem"; dmlex:description "feminine noun" ], [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag; dmlex:description "masculine noun"; dmlex:tag "n-masc" ]; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:langCode "ga"; dmlex:entry ex:fol�sghlant�ir-n. ex:fol�sghlant�ir-n a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n-masc" ]; dmlex:headword "fol�sghlant�ir". Example A.30. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: ga entry: fol�sghlant�ir pos: n-masc form: fol�sghlant�ra tag: sg-gen form: fol�sghlant�ir� tag: pl sense: ... posTag: n-masc description: masculine noun posTag: n-fem description: feminine noun formTag: sg-gen description: singular genitive formTag: pl description: plural A.1.7 Mapping controlled values to external inventories This shows how to map the value of a tag such as n-masc and n-fem to items in an external inventory such as LexInfo. Example A.31. Pseudocode - partOfSpeechTag (tag: n-masc, description: masculine noun) - sameAs (uri: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun) - sameAs (uri: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#masculine) - partOfSpeechTag (tag: n-fem, description: feminine noun) - sameAs (uri: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun) - sameAs (uri: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#feminine) Example A.32. XML <lexicographicResource langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <partOfSpeechTag tag="n-masc"> <description>masculine noun</description> <sameAs uri="http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun"/> <sameAs uri="http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#masculine"/> </partOfSpeechTag> <partOfSpeechTag tag="n-fem"> <description>feminine noun</description> <sameAs uri="http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun"/> <sameAs uri="http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#feminine"/> </partOfSpeechTag> </lexicographicResource> Example A.33. JSON { "langCode": "en", "partOfSpeechTags": [{ "tag": "n-masc", "description": "masculine noun", "sameAs": [ "http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun", "http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#masculine" ] }, { "tag": "n-fem", "description": "feminine noun", "sameAs": [ "http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun", "http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#feminine" ] }] } Example A.34. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:partOfSpeechTag [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag; dmlex:tag "n-masc"; dmlex:description "masculine noun"; dmlex:sameAs <http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun>, <http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#masculine> ], [ a dmlex:PartOfSpeechTag; dmlex:sameAs <http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#feminine>, <http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun>; dmlex:tag "n-fem"; dmlex:description "feminine noun" ]. Example A.35. NVH posTag: n-masc description: masculine noun sameAs: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun sameAs: uri: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#masculine posTag: n-fem description: feminine noun sameAs: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#noun sameAs: http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/3.0/lexinfo#feminine A.1.8 Defining a bilingual lexicographic resource This defines a lexicographic resource where the source language is German and the translation language is English and the English translations are going to come with pronunciation transcriptions in English IPA. Example A.36. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (title: My German-English Dictionary, uri: http://example.com, langCode: de) - translationLanguage (langCode: en) Example A.37. XML <lexicographicResource title="My German-English Dictionary" uri="http://example.com" langCode="de" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <translationLanguage langCode="en"/> </lexicographicResource> Example A.38. JSON { "title": "My German-English Dictionary", "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "de", "translationLanguages": ["en"] } Example A.39. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:translationLanguage [ dmlex:langCode "en" ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] ; dmlex:title "My German-English Dictionary"; dmlex:langCode "de". Example A.40. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com title: My German-English Dictionary langCode: de translationLanguage: en A.1.9 Defining a multilingual lexicographic resource This defines a lexicographic resource where the source language is Irish and the translation languages are English, German and Czech. Example A.41. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (title: My Irish-Multilingual Dictionary, uri: http://example.com, langCode: ga) - translationLanguage (langCode: en) - translationLanguage (langCode: de) - translationLanguage (langCode: cs) Example A.42. XML <lexicographicResource title="My Irish-Multilingual Dictionary" uri="http://example.com" langCode="ga" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <translationLanguage langCode="en"/> <translationLanguage langCode="de"/> <translationLanguage langCode="cs"/> </lexicographicResource> Example A.43. JSON { "title": "My Irish-Multilingual Dictionary", "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "ga", "translationLanguages": ["en", "de", "cs"] } Example A.44. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:title "My Irish-Multilingual Dictionary"; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:translationLanguage [ dmlex:langCode "cs" ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] , [ dmlex:langCode "en" ; dmlex:listingOrder 2 ] , [ dmlex:langCode "de" ; dmlex:listingOrder 3 ] ; dmlex:langCode "ga". Example A.45. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com title: My Irish-Multilingual Dictionary langCode: ga translationLanguage: en translationLanguage: de translationLanguage: cs A.1.10 How to use headwordTranslation in a bilingual lexicographic resource This is an entry from a hypothetical English-German dictionary for English-speaking learners of German. Example A.46. Pseudocode - entry (headword: doctor) - sense (indicator: medical doctor) - headwordTranslation (text: Arzt) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-masc) - headwordTranslation (text: �rztin) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-fem) - sense (indicator: academic title) - headwordTranslation (text: Doktor) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-masc) - headwordTranslation (text: Doktorin) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-fem) Example A.47. XML <entry id="doctor-n" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>doctor</headword> <sense id="doctor-n-1"> <indicator>medical doctor</indicator> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text>Arzt</text> <partOfSpeech tag="n-masc"/> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text>�rztin</text> <partOfSpeech tag="n-fem"/> </headwordTranslation> </sense> <sense id="doctor-n-2"> <indicator>academic title</indicator> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text>Doktor</text> <partOfSpeech tag="n-masc"/> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text>Doktorin</text> <partOfSpeech tag="n-fem"/> </headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> Example A.48. JSON { "id": "doctor-n", "headword": "doctor", "senses": [{ "id": "doctor-n-1", "indicator": "medical doctor", "headwordTranslations": [{ "text": "Arzt", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-masc"], "langCode": "de" }, { "text": "�rztin", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-fem"], "langCode": "de" }] }, { "id": "doctor-n-2", "indicator": "academic title", "headwordTranslations": [{ "text": "Doktor", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-masc"], "langCode": "de" }, { "text": "Doktorin", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-fem"], "langCode": "de" }] }] } Example A.49. RDF ex:doctor-n a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:doctor-n-1, ex:doctor-n-2; dmlex:headword "doctor". ex:doctor-n-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:text "�rztin"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:langCode "de" ; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:tag "n-fem"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ] ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:langCode "de"; dmlex:text "Arzt"; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n-masc" ] ]; dmlex:indicator "medical doctor"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:doctor-n-2 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n-masc" ]; dmlex:langCode "de"; dmlex:text "Doktor"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n-fem" ]; dmlex:langCode "de"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "Doktorin" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:indicator "academic title". Example A.50. NVH entry: doctor sense: medical doctor translation: Arzt pos: n-masc translation: �rztin pos: n-fem sense: academic title translation: Doktor pos: n-masc translation: Doktorin pos: n-fem A.1.11 How to use headwordTranslation in a multilingual lexicographic resource This is an entry from a hypothetical Irish-multilingual dictionary. Example A.51. Pseudocode - entry (headword: f�mhar) - sense - headwordTranslation (langCode: en, text: autumn) - headwordTranslation (langCode: en, text: fall) - headwordTranslation (langCode: de, text: Herbst) - headwordTranslation (langCode: cs, text: podzim) - sense - headwordTranslation (langCode: en, text: harvest) - headwordTranslation (langCode: de, text: Ernte) - headwordTranslation (langCode: cs, text: sklizeň) Example A.52. XML <entry id="f�mhar-n" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>f�mhar</headword> <sense id="f�mhar-n-1"> <headwordTranslation langCode="en"> <text>autumn</text> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="en"> <text>fall</text> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text>Herbst</text> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="cs"> <text>podzim</text> </headwordTranslation> </sense> <sense id="f�mhar-n-2"> <headwordTranslation langCode="en"> <text>harvest</text> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text>Ernte</text> </headwordTranslation> <headwordTranslation langCode="cs"> <text>sklizeň</text> </headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> Example A.53. JSON { "id": "f�mhar-n", "headword": "f�mhar", "senses": [{ "id": "f�mhar-n-1", "headwordTranslations": [{ "langCode": "en", "text": "autumn" }, { "langCode": "en", "text": "fall" }, { "langCode": "de", "text": "Herbst" }, { "langCode": "cs", "text": "podzim" }] }, { "id": "f�mhar-n-2", "headwordTranslations": [{ "langCode": "en", "text": "harvest" }, { "langCode": "de", "text": "Ernte" }, { "langCode": "cs", "text": "sklizeň" }] }] } Example A.54. RDF ex:f�mhar-n-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "3"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "Herbst"; dmlex:langCode "de" ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "autumn" ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:text "fall" ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:text "podzim"; dmlex:listingOrder "4"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:langCode "cs" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:f�mhar-n-2 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "harvest" ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:text "sklizeň"; dmlex:langCode "cs"; dmlex:listingOrder "3"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:text "Ernte"; dmlex:langCode "de"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:f�mhar-n a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "f�mhar"; dmlex:sense ex:f�mhar-n-1, ex:f�mhar-n-2. Example A.55. NVH entry: f�mhar sense: en_translation: autumn en_translation: fall de_translation: Herbst cs_translation: podzim sense: en_translation: harvest de_translation: Ernte cs_translation: sklizeň A.1.12 How to use headwordExplanation Example A.56. Pseudocode - entry (headword: Treppenwitz) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-masc) - sense - headwordExplanation (text: belated realisation of what one could have said) - headwordTranslation (text: staircase wit) Example A.57. XML <entry id="treppenwitz" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>Treppenwitz</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n-masc"/> <sense id="treppenwitz-1"> <headwordExplanation langCode="en"> <text> belated realisation of what one could have said </text> </headwordExplanation> <headwordTranslation langCode="en"> <text>staircase wit</text> </headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> Example A.58. JSON { "id": "treppenwitz", "headword": "Treppenwitz", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-masc"], "senses": [{ "id": "treppenwitz-1", "headwordExplanations": [{ "text": "belated realisation of what one could have said", "langCode": "en" }], "headwordTranslations": [{ "text": "staircase wit", "langCode": "en" }] }] } Example A.59. RDF ex:treppenwitz a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:tag "n-masc"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:sense ex:treppenwitz-1; dmlex:headword "Treppenwitz". ex:treppenwitz-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordExplanation [ a dmlex:HeadwordExplanation; dmlex:text "belated realisation of what one could have said"; dmlex:langCode "en" ]; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:text "staircase wit"; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. Example A.60. NVH entry: Treppenwitz pos: n-masc sense: explanation: belated realisation of what one could have said translation: staircase wit A.1.13 Modelling parts and wholes We have three entries with one sense each: "glasses", "microscope" and "lens". We want to represent the fact that "lens" is a meronym of both "glasses" and "microscope", and simultaneously that "glasses" and "microscope" are both holonyms of "lens". Example A.61. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (id: glasses, headword: glasses) - sense (id: glasses-1) - definition (text: an optical seeing aid) - entry (id: microscope, headword: microscope) - sense (id: microscope-1) - definition (text: equipment for looking at very small things) - entry (id: lens, headword: lens) - sense (id: lens-1) - definition (text: curved glass that makes things seem bigger) - relation (type: meronymy) - member (ref: glasses-1, role: whole) - member (ref: lens-1, role: part) - relation (type: meronymy) - member (ref: microscrope-1, role: whole) - member (ref: lens-1, role: part) - relationType (type: meronomy, description: part-whole relationship) - memberType (role: whole, type: sense, min: 1, max: 1, hint: navigate) - memberType (role: part, type: sense, min: 1, max: 1, hint: navigate) Example A.62. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="glasses"> <headword>glasses</headword> <sense id="glasses-1"> <definition> <text>an optical seeing aid</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <entry id="microscope"> <headword>microscope</headword> <sense id="microscope-1"> <definition> <text>equipment for looking at very small things</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <entry id="lens"> <headword>lens</headword> <sense id="lens-1"> <definition> <text>curved glass that makes things seem bigger</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <relation type="meronymy"> <member ref="glasses-1" role="whole"/> <member ref="lens-1" role="part"/> </relation> <relation type="meronymy"> <member ref="microscope-1" role="whole"/> <member ref="lens-1" role="part"/> </relation> <relationType type="meronymy"> <description>part-whole relationship</description> <memberType role="whole" type="sense" min="1" max="1" hint="navigate"/> <memberType role="part" type="sense" min="1" max="1" hint="navigate"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.63. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "entries": [{ "id": "glasses", "headword": "glasses", "senses": [{ "id": "glasses-1", "definitions": [{"text": "an optical seeing aid"}] }]}, { "id": "microscope", "headword": "microscope", "senses": [{ "id": "microscope-1", "definitions": [{"text": "equipment for looking at very small things"}] }]}, { "id": "lens", "headword": "lens", "senses": [{ "id": "lens-1", "definitions": [{"text": "curved glass that makes things seem bigger"}] }] }], "relations": [{ "type": "meronymy", "members": [{ "ref": "glasses-1", "role": "whole" }, { "ref": "lens-1", "role": "part" }] }, { "type": "meronymy", "members": [{ "ref": "microscope-1", "role": "whole" }, { "ref": "lens-1", "role": "part" }] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "meronymy", "description": "part-whole relationship", "memberTypes": [{ "role": "whole", "type": "sense", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "navigate" }, { "role": "part", "type": "sense", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "navigate" }] }] } Example A.64. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:entry ex:microscope, ex:lens, ex:glasses; dmlex:relationType [ a dmlex:RelationType; dmlex:memberType [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:min "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate; dmlex:max "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "part" ], [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:max "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:role "whole"; dmlex:min "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate ]; dmlex:description "part-whole relationship"; dmlex:type "meronymy" ]; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "microscope-1"; dmlex:role "whole" ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:role "part"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "lens-1" ]; dmlex:type "meronymy"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:type "meronymy"; dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:ref "glasses-1"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "whole" ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:role "part"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "lens-1" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:uri "http://example.com". ex:glasses a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "glasses"; dmlex:sense ex:glasses-1. ex:glasses-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "an optical seeing aid" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:lens a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:lens-1; dmlex:headword "lens". ex:lens-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "curved glass that makes things seem bigger"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:microscope a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:microscope-1; dmlex:headword "microscope". ex:microscope-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "equipment for looking at very small things"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. Example A.65. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: glasses sense: definition: an optical seeing aid entry: microscope sense: definition: equipment for looking at very small things entry: lens sense: definition: curved glass that makes things seem bigger relation: meronymy whole_member: /glasses/sense/0~an%20optical%20seeing%20aid part_member: /lens/sense/0~curved%20glass%20that%20makes%20things%20se em%20bigger relation: meronymy whole_member: /entry/microscope/sense/0~equipment%20for%20looking%20at %20very%20small%20things part_member: /entry/lens/sense/0~curved%20glass%20that%20makes%20thing s%20seem%20bigger relationType: meronomy description: part-whole relationship memberType: sense role: whole min: 1 max: 1 hint: navigate memberType: sense role: part min: 1 max: 1 hint: navigate Example A.66. Suggested rendering for human users glasses - an optical seeing aid contains: lens

microsocope - equipment for looking at very small things contains: lens

lens - curved glass that makes things seem bigger things that contain lens: glasses, microscope A.1.14 Modelling antonyms We have two entries for the verbs "buy" and "sell" with one sense each. We want to express the fact that the senses are antonyms. Example A.67. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (id: buy, headword: buy) - sense (id: buy-1) - definition (text: get something by paying money for it) - entry (id: sell, headword: sell) - sense (id: sell-1) - definition (text: exchange something for money) - relation (type: antonyms) - member (ref: buy-1) - member (ref: sell-1) - relationType: (type: antonyms) - memberType (type: sense, min: 2, max: 2, hint: navigate) Example A.68. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="buy"> <headword>buy</headword> <sense id="buy-1"> <definition> <text>get something by paying money for it</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <entry id="sell"> <headword>sell</headword> <sense id="sell-1"> <definition> <text>exchange something for money</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <relation type="antonyms"> <member ref="buy-1"/> <member ref="sell-1"/> </relation> <relationType type="antonyms"> <memberType type="sense" min="2" max="2" hint="navigate" role="obverse"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.69. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "entries": [{ "id": "buy", "headword": "buy", "senses": [{ "id": "buy-1", "definitions": [{"text": "get something by paying money for it"}] }]}, { "id": "sell", "headword": "sell", "senses": [{ "id": "sell-1", "definitions": [{"text": "exchange something for money"}] }] }], "relations": [{ "type": "antonyms", "members": [ {"ref": "buy-1"}, {"ref": "sell-1"} ] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "antonyms", "memberTypes": [{ "role": "obverse", "type": "sense", "min": 2, "max": 2, "hint": "navigate" }] }] } Example A.70. RDF [] a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:relationType [ a dmlex:RelationType; dmlex:type "antonyms"; dmlex:memberType [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:max "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:min "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "obverse"; dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate ] ]; dmlex:entry ex:buy, ex:sell; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:type "antonyms"; dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:ref "sell-1"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:ref "buy-1"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. ex:sell a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "sell"; dmlex:sense ex:sell-1. ex:sell-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "exchange something for money"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:buy a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:buy-1; dmlex:headword "buy". ex:buy-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "get something by paying money for it"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. Example A.71. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: buy sense: definition: get something by paying money for it entry: sell sense: definition: exchange something for money relation: antonyms member: /buy/sense/0~get%20something%20by%20paying%20money%20for%20it member: /sell/sense/0~exchange%20something%20for%20money relationType: antonyms memberType: sense min: 2 max: 2 hint: navigate Example A.72. Suggested rendering for human users buy - get something by paying money for it opposite meaning: sell sell - exchange something for money opposite meaning: buy A.1.15 Modelling synonyms We have three German entries with one sense each, two which mean "sea" and one which means "ocean". We want to set up a relation which brings these three sense together as near-synonyms. Example A.73. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: de) - translationLanguage (langCode: en) - entry (id: die-see, headword: See) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-fem) - sense (id: die-see-1) - headwordTranslation (text: sea) - entry (id: das-meer, headword: Meer) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-neut) - sense (id: das-meer-1) - headwordTranslation (text: sea) - entry (id: der-ozean, headword: Ozean) - partOfSpeech (tag: n-masc) - sense (id: der-ozean-1) - headwordTranslation (text: ocean) - relation (type: synonyms, description: words that mean sea and ocean) - member (ref: die-see-1) - member (ref: das-meer-1) - member (ref: der-ozean-1) - relationType (type: synonyms, description: synonyms and near synonyms) memberType (type: sense, min: 2, hint: navigate) Example A.74. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="de" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="die-see"> <headword>See</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n-fem"/> <sense id="die-see-1"> <headwordTranslation><text>sea</text></headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> <entry id="das-meer"> <headword>Meer</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n-neut"/> <sense id="das-meer-1"> <headwordTranslation><text>sea</text></headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> <entry id="der-ozean"> <headword>Ozean</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n-masc"/> <sense id="der-ozean-1"> <headwordTranslation><text>ocean</text></headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> <translationLanguage langCode="en"/> <relation type="synonyms"> <description>words that mean sea and ocean</description> <member ref="die-see-1"/> <member ref="das-meer-1"/> <member ref="der-ozean-1"/> </relation> <relationType type="synonyms"> <description>synonyms and near synonyms</description> <memberType type="sense" min="2" hint="navigate"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.75. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "de", "translationLanguages": ["en"], "entries": [{ "id": "die-see", "headword": "See", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-fem"], "senses": [{ "id": "die-see-1", "headwordTranslations": [{"text": "sea"}] }] }, { "id": "das-meer", "headword": "Meer", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-neut"], "senses": [{ "id": "das-meer-1", "headwordTranslations": [{"text": "sea"}] }] }, { "id": "der-ozean", "headword": "Ozean", "partsOfSpeech": ["n-masc"], "senses": [{ "id": "der-ozean-1", "headwordTranslations": [{"text": "ocean"}] }] }], "relations": [{ "type": "synonyms", "description": "words that mean sea and ocean", "members": [ {"ref": "die-see-1"}, {"ref": "das-meer-1"}, {"ref": "der-ozean-1"} ] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "synonyms", "description": "synonyms and near synonyms", "memberTypes": [{ "type": "sense", "min": 2, "hint": "navigate" }] }] } Example A.76. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:langCode "de"; dmlex:entry ex:die-see, ex:das-meer, ex:der-ozean; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:type "synonyms"; dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "die-see-1" ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "das-meer-1" ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:ref "der-ozean-1"; dmlex:listingOrder "3"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:description "words that mean sea and ocean" ]; dmlex:translationLanguage [ dmlex:langCode "en" ; dmlex:listingOrder 1 ] ; dmlex:relationType [ a dmlex:RelationType; dmlex:description "synonyms and near synonyms"; dmlex:memberType [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:min "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:type "synonyms" ]. ex:der-ozean a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:der-ozean-1; dmlex:headword "Ozean"; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n-masc" ]. ex:der-ozean-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "ocean" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:das-meer a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "Meer"; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:tag "n-neut"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:sense ex:das-meer-1. ex:das-meer-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "sea" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:die-see a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:tag "n-fem"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:sense ex:die-see-1; dmlex:headword "See". ex:die-see-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "sea" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. Example A.77. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: de translationLanguage: en entry: See pos: n-fem sense: headwordTranslation: sea entry: Meer pos: n-neut sense: headwordTranslation: sea entry: Ozean pos: n-masc sense headwordTranslation: ocean relation: synonyms description: words that mean sea and ocean member: /See~n-fem/sense member: /Meer~n-neut/sense member: /Ozean~n-masc/sense relationType: synonyms description: synonyms and near synonyms memberType: sense min: 2 hint: navigate Example A.78. Suggested rendering for human users See, feminine noun - see same or similar meaning: Meer, Ozean Meer, neuter noun - see same or similar meaning: See, Ozean

Ozean, masculine noun - ocean same or similar meaning: See, Meer A.1.16 Modelling variants We have two entries in our lexicographic resource, one for the headword "colour" and one for the headword "color". We want to create a relation to represent the fact that these are spelling variants. One of the entries is fully fleshed-out (has a sense with a definition, an example etc) while the other one os only skeletal: its only purpose is to serve as the origin of a navigable link to the other entry. Example A.79. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (id: colour, headword: colour) - partOfSpeech (tag: n) - label (tag: europeanSpelling) - sense (id: colour-1) - definition (text: red, blue, yellow etc.) - example (text: What is your favourite colour?) - entry (id: color, headword: color) - partOfSpeech (tag: n) - label (tag: americanSpelling) - relation (type: variants) - member (ref: colour) - member (ref: color) - relationType (type: variants, description: words which differ only in spelling) - memberType (type: entry, min: 2, hint: navigate) Example A.80. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="colour"> <headword>colour</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n"/> <label tag="europeanSpelling"/> <sense id="colour-1"> <definition> <text>red, blue, yellow etc.</text> </definition> <example> <text>What is your favourite colour?</text> </example> </sense> </entry> <entry id="color"> <headword>color</headword> <partOfSpeech tag="n"/> <label tag="americanSpelling"/> </entry> <relation type="variants"> <member ref="colour"/> <member ref="color"/> </relation> <relationType type="variants"> <description>words which differ only in spelling</description> <memberType type="entry" min="2" hint="navigate"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.81. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "entries": [{ "id": "colour", "headword": "colour", "partsOfSpeech": ["n"], "labels": ["europeanSpelling"], "senses": [{ "id": "colour-1", "definitions": [{"text": "red, blue, yellow etc."}], "examples": [{"text": "What is your favourite colour?"}] }] }, { "id": "color", "headword": "color", "partsOfSpeech": ["n"], "labels": ["americanSpelling"] }], "relations": [{ "type": "variants", "members": [ {"ref": "colour"}, {"ref": "color"} ] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "variants", "description": "words which differ only in spelling", "memberTypes": [{ "type": "entry", "min": 2, "hint": "navigate" }] }] } Example A.82. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:entry ex:color, ex:colour; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:type "variants"; dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:ref "color"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:ref "colour"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:relationType [ a dmlex:RelationType; dmlex:memberType [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate; dmlex:type dmlex:entry; dmlex:min "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:description "words which differ only in spelling"; dmlex:type "variants" ]; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:uri "http://example.com". ex:color a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "n" ]; dmlex:headword "color"; dmlex:label [ dmlex:tag "americanSpelling"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. ex:colour a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "colour"; dmlex:partOfSpeech [ dmlex:tag "n"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:label [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:tag "europeanSpelling" ]; dmlex:sense ex:colour-1. ex:colour-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:example [ a dmlex:Example; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "What is your favourite colour?" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "red, blue, yellow etc." ]. Example A.83. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: colour pos: n label: europeanSpelling sense: definition: red, blue, yellow etc. example: What is your favourite colour? entry: color pos: n label: americanSpelling relation: variants member: /colour~n member: /color~n relationType: variants description: words which differ only in spelling memberType: entry min: 2, hint: navigate Example A.84. Suggested rendering for human users colour (noun, European spelling), variant: color - red, blue, yellow etc. "What is your favourite colour?"

color (noun, American spelling), see: colour A.1.17 Modelling subsenses We have an entry for the noun "colour" with four senses. We want to express the fact that senses number two and three are subsenses of sense number one, and should be displayed as such to human users. Example A.85. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (id: colour, headword: colour) - sense (id: colour-1) - definition (text: red, blue, yellow etc.) - example (text: What is your favourite colour?) - sense (id: colour-2) - definition (text: not being black and white) - example (text: Owning a colour TV meant you were rich.) - sense (id: colour-3) - definition (text: a sign of a person's race) - example (text: People of all creeds and colours.) - sense (id: colour-4) - definition (text: interest or excitement) - example (text: Examples add colour to your writing.) - relation (type: subsensing) - member (ref: colour-1, role: super) - member (ref: colour-2, role: sub) - relation (type: subsensing) - member (ref: colour-1, role: super) - member (ref: colour-3, role: sub) - relationType (type: subsensing, scopeRestriction: sameEntry) - memberType (role: super, type: sense, min: 1, max: 1, hint: none) - memberType (role: sub, type: sense, min: 1, max: 1, hint: embed) Example A.86. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="colour"> <headword>colour</headword> <sense id="colour-1"> <definition> <text>red, blue, yellow etc.</text> </definition> <example> <text>What is your favourite colour?</text> </example> </sense> <sense id="colour-2"> <definition> <text>not being black and white</text> </definition> <example> <text>Owning a colour TV meant you were rich.</text> </example> </sense> <sense id="colour-3"> <definition> <text>a sign of a person's race</text> </definition> <example> <text>People of all creeds and colours.</text> </example> </sense> <sense id="colour-4"> <definition> <text>interest or excitement</text> </definition> <example> <text>Examples add colour to your writing.</text> </example> </sense> </entry> <relation type="subsensing"> <member ref="colour-1" role="super"/> <member ref="colour-2" role="sub"/> </relation> <relation type="subsensing"> <member ref="colour-1" role="super"/> <member ref="colour-3" role="sub"/> </relation> <relationType type="subsensing" scopeRestriction="sameEntry"> <memberType role="super" type="sense" min="1" max="1" hint="none"/> <memberType role="sub" type="sense" min="1" max="1" hint="embed"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.87. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "entries": [{ "id": "colour", "headword": "colour", "senses": [{ "id": "colour-1", "definitions": [{"text": "red, blue, yellow etc."}], "examples": [{"text": "What is your favourite colour?"}] }, { "id": "colour-2", "definitions": [{"text": "not being black and white"}], "examples": [{"text": "Owning a colour TV meant you were rich."}] }, { "id": "colour-3", "definitions": [{"text": "a sign of a person's race"}], "examples": [{"text": "People of all creeds and colours."}] }, { "id": "colour-4", "definitions": [{"text": "interest or excitement"}], "examples": [{"text": "Examples add colour to your writing."}] }] }], "relations": [{ "type": "subsensing", "members": [ {"role": "super", "ref": "colour-1"}, {"role": "sub", "ref": "colour-2"} ] }, { "type": "subsensing", "members": [ {"role": "super", "ref": "colour-1"}, {"role": "sub", "ref": "colour-3"} ] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "subsensing", "scopeRestriction": "sameEntry", "memberTypes": [{ "role": "super", "type": "sense", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "none" }, { "role": "sub", "type": "sense", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "embed" }] }] } Example A.88. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:entry ex:colour; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:member [ dmlex:ref "colour-3"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "sub" ], [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "super"; dmlex:ref "colour-1" ]; dmlex:type "subsensing"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type "subsensing"; dmlex:member [ dmlex:ref "colour-2"; dmlex:role "sub"; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ dmlex:role "super"; dmlex:ref "colour-1"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ] ]; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:relationType [ dmlex:scopeRestriction dmlex:sameEntry; dmlex:type "subsensing"; dmlex:memberType [ dmlex:min 1; dmlex:max 1; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:role "sub"; dmlex:hint dmlex:embed ], [ dmlex:min 1; dmlex:max: 1; dmlex:hint dmlex:none; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:role "super" ] ]. ex:colour a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:colour-4, ex:colour-3, ex:colour-2, ex:colour-1; dmlex:headword "colour". ex:colour-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "red, blue, yellow etc." ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:example [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "What is your favourite colour?" ]. ex:colour-2 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:example [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "Owning a colour TV meant you were rich." ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ dmlex:text "not being black and white"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. ex:colour-3 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "3"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ dmlex:text "a sign of a person's race"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:example [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "People of all creeds and colours." ]. ex:colour-4 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "4"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ dmlex:text "interest or excitement"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:example [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "Examples add colour to your writing." ]. Example A.89. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: colour sense: definition: red, blue, yellow etc. example: What is your favourite colour? sense: definition: not being black and white example: Owning a colour TV meant you were rich. sense: definition: a sign of a person's race example: People of all creeds and colours. sense: definition: interest or excitement example: Examples add colour to your writing. relation: subsensing super_member: /colour/sense/0~red%2C%20blue%2C%20yellow%20etc. sub_member: /colour/sense/0~not%20being%20black%20and%20white relation: subsensing super_member: /colour/sense/0~red%2C%20blue%2C%20yellow%20etc. sub_member: /colour/sense/0~a%20sign%20of%20a%20person%27s%20race relationType: subsensing scopeRestriction: sameEntry memberType: sense role: super min: 1 max: 1 hint: none memberType: sense role: sub min: 1 max: 1 hint: embed Example A.90. Suggested rendering for human users colour 1. red, blue, yellow etc. "What is your favourite colour?" (a) not being black and white "Owning a colour TV meant you were rich." (b) a sign of a person's race "People of all creeds and colours.." 2. interest or excitement "Examples add colour to your writing." A.1.18 Modelling subentries (at subsense level) We have an entry for the adjective "safe" with two senses, and an entry for the multi-word expression "better safe than sorry" with one sense. We want to express the fact that the multi-word entry should appear under the first sense of "safe" as a subentry. Example A.91. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (id: safe, headword: safe) - sense (id: safe-1, indicator: protected from harm) - example (text: It isn't safe to park here.) - sense (id: safe-2, indicator: not likely to cause harm) - example (text: Is the ride safe for a small child?) - entry (id: better-safe, headword: better safe than sorry) - sense (id: better-safe-1) - definition (text: you should be careful even if it seems unnecessary) - relation (type: subentrying) member (ref: safe-1, role: container) member (ref: better-safe, role: subentry) - relationType (type: subentrying, scopeRestriction: sameResource) - memberType (role: container, type: sense, min: 1, max: 1, hint: navigate) - memberType (role: subentry, type: entry, min: 1, max: 1, hint: embed) Example A.92. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="safe"> <headword>safe</headword> <sense id="safe-1"> <indicator>protected from harm</indicator> <example> <text>It isn't safe to park here.</text> </example> </sense> <sense id="safe-2"> <indicator>not likely to cause harm</indicator> <example> <text>Is the ride safe for a small child?</text> </example> </sense> </entry> <entry id="better-safe"> <headword>better safe than sorry</headword> <sense id="better-safe-1"> <definition> <text>you should be careful even if it seems unnecessary</ text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <relation type="subentrying"> <member ref="safe-1" role="container"/> <member ref="better-safe" role="subentry"/> </relation> <relationType type="subentrying" scopeRestriction="sameResource"> <memberType role="container" type="sense" min="1" max="1" hint="navigate"/> <memberType role="subentry" type="entry" min="1" max="1" hint="embed"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.93. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "entries": [{ "id": "safe", "headword": "safe", "senses": [{ "id": "safe-1", "indicator": "protected from harm", "examples": [{"text": "It isn't safe to park here."}] }, { "id": "safe-2", "indicator": "not likely to cause harm", "examples": [{"text": "Is the ride safe for a small child?"}] }] }, { "id": "better-safe", "headword": "better safe than sorry", "senses": [{ "id": "better-safe-1", "definitions": [{ "text": "you should be careful even if it seems unnecessar y" }] }] }], "relations": [{ "type": "subentrying", "members": [ {"role": "container", "ref": "safe-1"}, {"role": "subentry", "ref": "better-safe"} ] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "subentrying", "scopeRestriction": "sameResource", "memberTypes": [{ "role": "container", "type": "sense", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "navigate" }, { "role": "subentry", "type": "entry", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "embed" }] }] } Example A.94. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:entry ex:safe, ex:better-safe; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:member [ dmlex:ref "safe-1"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "container" ], [ dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "better-safe"; dmlex:role "subentry" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type "subentrying" ]; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:relationType [ dmlex:type "subentrying"; dmlex:memberType [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:type dmlex:entry; dmlex:hint dmlex:embed; dmlex:min 1 ; dmlex:max 1 ; dmlex:role "subentry" ], [ dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate; dmlex:role "container"; dmlex:min 1 ; dmlex:max 1; dmlex:type dmlex:sense ]; dmlex:scopeRestriction dmlex:sameResource ]; dmlex:langCode "en". ex:safe a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "safe"; dmlex:sense ex:safe-1, ex:safe-2. ex:safe-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:indicator "protected from harm"; dmlex:example [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "It isn't safe to park here." ]. ex:safe-2 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:example [ dmlex:text "Is the ride safe for a small child?"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:indicator "not likely to cause harm". ex:better-safe a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:better-safe-1; dmlex:headword "better safe than sorry". ex:better-safe-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "you should be careful even if it seems unnecessary" ]. Example A.95. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: safe sense: protected from harm example: It isn't safe to park here. sense: not likely to cause harm example: Is the ride safe for a small child? entry: better safe than sorry sense: definition: you should be careful even if it seems unnecessary relation: subentrying container_member: /safe/sense/protected%20from%20harm subentry_member: /better%20safe%20than%20sorry relationType: subentrying scopeRestriction: sameResource memberType: sense role: container min: 1 max: 1 hint: navigate memberType: entry role: subentry min: 1 max: 1 hint: embed Example A.96. Suggested rendering for human users safe - protected from harm "It isn't safe to park here." better safe than sorry - you should be careful even if it seems unnecessary - not likely to cause harm "Is the ride safe for a small child?"

better safe than sorry - you should be careful even if it seems unnecessary see also: safe A.1.19 Modelling subentries (at sense level) We have an entry for the word "bible" and another entry for the expression "the Bible". We want to make sure that, when a human user is viewing the entry for "bible", the entry for "the Bible" is shown as a subentry of it, as if it were its first sense. Example A.97. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (uri: http://example.com, langCode: en) - entry (id: the-bible, headword: the Bible) - sense (id: the-bible-1) - definition (text: the book considered holy by Christians) - entry (id: bible, headword: bible) - sense (id: bible-1) - sense (id: bible-2) - definition (text: a book considered important for a subject) - relation (type: subentrying) - member (ref: bible-1, role: container) - member (ref: the-bible, role: subentry) - relationType (type: subentrying, scopeRestcriction: sameResource) - memberType (role: container, type: sense, min: 1, max: 1, hint: navigate) - memberType (role: subentry, type: entry, min: 1, max: 1, hint: embed) Example A.98. XML <lexicographicResource uri="http://example.com" langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="the-bible"> <headword>the Bible</headword> <sense id="the-bible-1"> <definition> <text>the book considered holy by Christians</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <entry id="bible"> <headword>bible</headword> <sense id="bible-1"/> <sense id="bible-2"> <definition> <text>a book considered important for a subject</text> </definition> </sense> </entry> <relation type="subentrying"> <member ref="bible-1" role="container"/> <member ref="the-bible" role="subentry"/> </relation> <relationType type="subentrying" scopeRestriction="sameResource"> <memberType role="container" type="sense" min="1" max="1" hint="navigate"/> <memberType role="subentry" type="entry" min="1" max="1" hint="embed"/> </relationType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.99. JSON { "uri": "http://example.com", "langCode": "en", "entries": [{ "id": "the-bible", "headword": "the Bible", "senses": [{ "id": "the-bible-1", "definitions": [{"text": "the book considered holy by Christians"}] }] }, { "id": "bible", "headword": "bible", "senses": [{ "id": "bible-1" }, { "id": "bible-2", "definitions": [{"text": "a book considered important for a subject"}] }] }], "relations": [{ "type": "subentrying", "members": [ {"role": "container", "ref": "bible-1"}, {"role": "subentry", "ref": "the-bible"} ] }], "relationTypes": [{ "type": "subentrying", "scopeRestriction": "sameResource", "memberTypes": [{ "role": "container", "type": "sense", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "navigate" }, { "role": "subentry", "type": "entry", "min": 1, "max": 1, "hint": "embed" }] }] } Example A.100. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:entry ex:the-bible, ex:bible; dmlex:relationType [ a dmlex:RelationType; dmlex:type "subentrying"; dmlex:memberType [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:hint dmlex:embed; dmlex:role "subentry"; dmlex:max "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type dmlex:entry; dmlex:min "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:MemberType; dmlex:hint dmlex:navigate; dmlex:max "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type dmlex:sense; dmlex:min "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:role "container" ]; dmlex:scopeRestriction dmlex:sameResource ]; dmlex:uri "http://example.com"; dmlex:relation [ a dmlex:Relation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:type "subentrying"; dmlex:member [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "the-bible"; dmlex:role "subentry" ], [ a dmlex:Member; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:ref "bible-1"; dmlex:role "container" ] ]. ex:bible a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:bible-1, ex:bible-2; dmlex:headword "bible". ex:bible-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:bible-2 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "a book considered important for a subject"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:the-bible a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:the-bible-1; dmlex:headword "the Bible". ex:the-bible-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:definition [ a dmlex:Definition; dmlex:text "the book considered holy by Christians"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. Example A.101. NVH lexicographicResource: http://example.com langCode: en entry: the Bible sense: definition: the book considered holy by Christians entry: bible sense: sense: definition: a book considered important for a subject relation: subentrying container_member: /bible/sense subentry_member: /the%20Bible relationType: subentrying scopeRestcriction: sameResource memberType: sense role: container min: 1 max: 1 hint: navigate memberType: entry role: subentry min: 1 max: 1 hint: embed Example A.102. Suggested rendering for human users bible - the Bible - the book considered holy by Christians - a book considered important for a subject the Bible - the book considered holy by Christians see also: bible A.1.20 Using placeholderMarker Example A.103. Pseudocode - entry (headword: continue your studies, placeholderMarker: "your") - sense ... Example A.104. XML <entry id="continue-studies" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>continue <placeholderMarker>your</placeholderMarker> studies </headword> </entry> Example A.105. JSON { "id": "continue-studies", "headword": "continue your studies", "placeholderMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 9, "endIndex": 13} ], "senses": [] } Example A.106. RDF ex:continue-studies a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "continue your studies"; dmlex:placeholderMarker [ dmlex:startIndex "9"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:endIndex "13"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. Example A.107. NVH entry: continue your studies placeholderMarker: your sense: A.1.21 Using placeholderMarker in a bilingual lexicographic resource Example A.108. Pseudocode - entry (headword: beat sb. up, placeholderMarker: "sb.") - sense headwordTranslation (text: jemanden verpr�geln, placeholderMarker: "jemanden") Example A.109. XML <entry id="beat-up" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>beat <placeholderMarker>sb.</placeholderMarker> up</headword > <sense id="beat-up-1"> <headwordTranslation langCode="de"> <text><placeholderMarker>jemanden</placeholderMarker> verpr�geln</ text> </headwordTranslation> </sense> </entry> Example A.110. JSON { "id": "beat-up", "headword": "beat sb. up", "placeholderMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 5, "endIndex": 8} ], "senses": [{ "id": "beat-up-1", "headwordTranslations": [{ "text": "jemanden verpr�geln", "langCode": "de", "placeholderMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 0, "endIndex": 8} ] }] }] } Example A.111. RDF ex:beat-up-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:placeholderMarker [ dmlex:startIndex "0"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:endIndex "8"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:langCode "de"; dmlex:text "jemanden verpr�geln" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt. ex:beat-up a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:beat-up-1; dmlex:headword "beat sb. up"; dmlex:placeholderMarker [ dmlex:startIndex "5"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:endIndex "8"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. Example A.112. NVH entry: beat sb. up placeholderMarker: sb. sense: headwordTranslation: jemanden verpr�geln placeholderMarker: jemanden A.1.22 Using headwordMarker Example A.113. Pseudocode - entry (headword: autopsy) - sense - headwordTranslation (text: pitva) - example (text: The coroner performed an autopsy., headwordMarker: "autopsy") - exampleTranslation (text: Koroner provedl pitvu., headwordMarker: "pitvu") Example A.114. XML <entry id="autopsy" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>autopsy</headword> <sense id="autopsy-1"> <example> <text>The coroner performed an <headwordMarker>autopsy</headwo rdMarker>.</text> <exampleTranslation langCode="cs"> <text>Koroner provedl <headwordMarker>pitvu</headwordMarke r>.</text> </exampleTranslation> </example> <headwordTranslation langCode="cs"><text>pitva</text></headwordTra nslation> </sense> </entry> Example A.115. JSON { "id": "autopsy", "headword": "autopsy", "senses": [{ "id": "autopsy-1", "headwordTranslations": [{ "text": "pitva", "langCode": "cs" }], "examples": [{ "text": "The coroner performed an autopsy.", "headwordMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 25, "endIndex": 32} ], "exampleTranslations": [{ "text": "Koroner provedl pitvu.", "langCode": "cs", "headwordMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 16, "endIndex": 21} ] }] }] }] } Example A.116. RDF ex:autopsy-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:example [ a dmlex:Example; dmlex:exampleTranslation [ a dmlex:ExampleTranslation; dmlex:text "Koroner provedl pitvu."; dmlex:langCode "cs"; dmlex:headwordMarker [ dmlex:endIndex "21"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:startIndex "16"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "The coroner performed an autopsy."; dmlex:headwordMarker [ dmlex:endIndex "32"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:startIndex "25"^^xsd:unsignedInt ] ]; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:langCode "cs"; dmlex:text "pitva" ]. ex:autopsy a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:autopsy-1; dmlex:headword "autopsy". Example A.117. NVH entry: autopsy sense headwordTranslation: pitva example: The coroner performed an autopsy. headwordMarker: autopsy exampleTranslation: Koroner provedl pitvu. headwordMarker: pitvu A.1.23 Using collocateMarker Example A.118. Pseudocode - entry (headword: autopsy) - sense - example (text: The coroner performed an autopsy.) - headwordMarker: "autopsy" - collocateMarker: "performed" (lemma: perform) - exampleTranslation (text: Koroner provedl pitvu.) - headwordMarker: "pitvu" - collocateMarker: "provedl" (lemma: prov�st) - headwordTranslation (text: pitva) Example A.119. XML <entry id="autopsy" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>autopsy</headword> <sense id="autopsy-1"> <example> <text>The coroner <collocateMarker lemma="perform">performed</ collocateMarker> an <headwordMarker>autopsy</headwordMarker>.</text> <exampleTranslation langCode="cs"> <text>Koroner <collocateMarker lemma="prov�st">provedl</co llocateMarker> <headwordMarker>pitvu</headwordMarker>.</text> </exampleTranslation> </example> <headwordTranslation langCode="cs"><text>pitva</text></headwordTra nslation> </sense> </entry> Example A.120. JSON { "id": "autopsy", "headword": "autopsy", "senses": [{ "id": "autopsy-1", "headwordTranslations": [{"langCode": "cs", "text": "pitva"}], "examples": [{ "text": "The coroner performed an autopsy.", "headwordMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 25, "endIndex": 32} ], "collocateMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 12, "endIndex": 21, "lemma": "perform"} ], "exampleTranslations": [{ "langCode": "cs", "text": "Koroner provedl pitvu.", "headwordMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 16, "endIndex": 21} ], "collocateMarkers": [ {"startIndex": 8, "endIndex": 15, "lemma": "prov�st"} ] }] }] }] } Example A.121. RDF ex:autopsy a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:sense ex:autopsy-1; dmlex:headword "autopsy". ex:autopsy-1 a dmlex:Sense; dmlex:headwordTranslation [ a dmlex:HeadwordTranslation; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "pitva" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:example [ a dmlex:Example; dmlex:headwordMarker [ dmlex:startIndex "25"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:endIndex "32"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:text "The coroner performed an autopsy."; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:exampleTranslation [ a dmlex:ExampleTranslation; dmlex:langCode "cs" ; dmlex:collocateMarker [ dmlex:endIndex "15"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:startIndex "8"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:lemma "prov�st" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:headwordMarker [ dmlex:endIndex "21"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:startIndex "16"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:text "Koroner provedl pitvu." ]; dmlex:collocateMarker [ dmlex:endIndex "21"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:lemma "perform"; dmlex:startIndex "12"^^xsd:unsignedInt ] ]. Example A.122. NVH entry: autopsy sense: example: The coroner performed an autopsy. headwordMarker: autopsy collocateMarker: performed lemma: perform exampleTranslation: Koroner provedl pitvu. headwordMarker: pitvu collocateMarker: provedl lemma: prov�st headwordTranslation: pitva A.1.24 Modelling etymology Example A.123. Pseudocode - entry (headword: cat) - sense ... - etymology - etymon - etymonUnit (langCode: enm, text: catte) - etymon - etymonUnit (langCode: ang, text: catt, translation: male cat) - etymonUnit (langCode: ang, text: catte, translation: female cat) - etymon - etymonUnit (langCode: gem-x-proto, text: kattuz, reconstructed: true) Example A.124. XML <entry id="cat-n" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <headword>cat</headword> <etymology> <etymon> <etymonUnit langCode="enm"> <text>catte</text> </etymonUnit> </etymon> <etymon> <etymonUnit langCode="ang"> <text>catt</text> <translation>male cat</translation> </etymonUnit> <etymonUnit langCode="ang"> <text>catte</text> <translation>female cat</translation> </etymonUnit> </etymon> <etymon> <etymonUnit langCode="gem-x-proto" reconstructed="true"> <text>kattuz</text> </etymonUnit> </etymon> </etymology> </entry> Example A.125. JSON { "id": "cat-n", "headword": "cat", "senses": [], "etymologies": [{ "etymons": [{ "etymonUnits": [ {"langCode": "enm", "text": "catte"} ] }, { "etymonUnits": [ {"langCode": "ang", "text": "catt", "translation": "male cat"}, {"langCode": "ang", "text": "catte", "translation": "female cat"} ] }, { "etymonUnits": [ {"langCode": "gem-x-proto", "text": "kattuz", "reconstructed": true} ] }] }] } Example A.126. RDF ex:cat-n a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:etymology [ a dmlex:Etymology; dmlex:etymon [ a dmlex:Etymon; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:etymonUnit [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "catte"; dmlex:langCode "enm" ] ], [ a dmlex:Etymon; dmlex:listingOrder "3"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:etymonUnit [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "kattuz"; dmlex:reconstructed true; dmlex:langCode "gem-x-proto" ] ], [ a dmlex:Etymon; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:etymonUnit [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:text "catte"; dmlex:translation "female cat"; dmlex:langCode "ang" ], [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:text "catt"; dmlex:langCode "ang"; dmlex:translation "male cat"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ] ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:headword "cat". Example A.127. NVH entry: cat sense: etymology: etymon: enm_etymonUnit: catte etymon: ang_etymonUnit: catt translation: male cat ang_etymonUnit: catte translation: female cat etymon: gem-x-proto_etymonUnit: kattuz reconstructed: true A.1.25 Modelling etymology types and language Example A.128. Pseudocode - lexicographicResource (langCode: en) - entry (headword: school) - etymology (description: Middle Dutch scole ("multitude, troop, crowd, school") from Proto-Germanic *skulō; doublet of shoal) - etymon (type: derivation) - etymonUnit (langCode: dut, text: scole, translation: multitude, troop, crowd, school) - etymon (type: derivation) - etymonUnit (langCode: gem-pro, text: skulō, reconstructed: true) - etymon (type: doublet) - etymonUnit (langCode: en, text: shoal) - etymonLanguage (langCode: dum, displayName: Middle Dutch) - etymonLanguage (langCode: gem-pro, displayName: Proto-Germanic) - etymonType (name: derivation, description: A historical form of the word) - etymonType (name: doublet, description: Two words derived from the same etymological root) Example A.129. XML <lexicographicResource langCode="en" xmlns="http://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/ns/dmlex-1.0"> <entry id="school-noun-2"> <headword>school</headword> <etymology> <description>Middle Dutch scole ("multitude, troop, crowd, sch ool") from Proto-Germanic *skulō; doublet of shoal</description> <etymon type="derivation"> <etymonUnit langCode="dum"> <text>scole</text> <translation>multitude, troop, crowd, school</translat ion> </etymonUnit> </etymon> <etymon type="derivation"> <etymonUnit langCode="gem-pro" reconstructed="true"> <text>skulō</text> </etymonUnit> </etymon> <etymon type="doublet"> <etymonUnit langCode="en"> <text>shoal</text> </etymonUnit> </etymon> </etymology> </entry> <etymonLanguage langCode="dum"> <displayName>Middle Dutch</displayName> </etymonLanguage> <etymonLanguage langCode="gem-pro"> <displayName>Proto-Germanic</displayName> </etymonLanguage> <etymonType type="derivation"> <description>A historical form of the word</description> </etymonType> <etymonType type="doublet"> <description>Two words derived from the same etymological root</de scription> </etymonType> </lexicographicResource> Example A.130. JSON { "langCode": "en", "entries": [ { "id": "school-noun-2", "headword": "school", "etymologies": [ { "description": "Middle Dutch scole (\"multitude, troop, crowd, s chool\") from Proto-Germanic *skulō; doublet of shoal", "etymons": [ { "type": "derivation", "etymonUnits": [ { "langCode": "dum", "text": "scole", "translation": "multitude, troop, crowd, school" }]}, { "type": "derivation", "etymonUnits": [ { "langCode": "gem-pro", "text": "skulō", "reconstructed": true }]}, { "type": "doublet", "etymonUnits": [ { "langCode": "en", "text": "shoal" }] }] }] }], "etymonLanguages": [ { "langCode": "dum", "displayName": "Middle Dutch" }, { "langCode": "gem-pro", "displayName": "Proto-Germanic" }], "etymonTypes": [ { "type": "derivation", "description": "A historical form of the word" }, { "type": "doublet", "description": "Two words derived from the same etymological root" }] } Example A.131. RDF ex:lexicon a dmlex:LexicographicResource; dmlex:etymonLanguage [ a dmlex:EtymonLanguage; dmlex:langCode "dum"; dmlex:displayName "Middle Dutch" ], [ a dmlex:EtymonLanguage; dmlex:langCode "gem-pro"; dmlex:displayName "Proto-Germanic" ]; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:entry ex:school-noun-2; dmlex:etymonType [ a dmlex:EtymonType; dmlex:description "Two words derived from the same etymological root "; dmlex:type "doublet" ], [ a dmlex:EtymonType; dmlex:description "A historical form of the word"; dmlex:type "derivation" ]. ex:school-noun-2 a dmlex:Entry; dmlex:headword "school"; dmlex:etymology [ a dmlex:Etymology; dmlex:description "Middle Dutch scole (\"multitude, troop, crowd, sc hool\") from Proto-Germanic *skulō; doublet of shoal"; dmlex:etymon [ a dmlex:Etymon; dmlex:type "derivation"; dmlex:etymonUnit [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:text "skulō"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:reconstructed true; dmlex:langCode "gem-pro" ]; dmlex:listingOrder "2"^^xsd:unsignedInt ], [ a dmlex:Etymon; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt; dmlex:etymonUnit [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:langCode "dum"; dmlex:text "scole"; dmlex:translation "multitude, troop, crowd, school"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:type "derivation" ], [ a dmlex:Etymon; dmlex:etymonUnit [ a dmlex:EtymonUnit; dmlex:langCode "en"; dmlex:text "shoal"; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:type "doublet"; dmlex:listingOrder "3"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]; dmlex:listingOrder "1"^^xsd:unsignedInt ]. Example A.132. NVH lexicographicResource: langCode: en entry: school etymology: Middle Dutch scole ("multitude, troop, crowd, school") fro m Proto-Germanic *skulō; doublet of shoal etymon: derivation dut_etymonUnit: scole translation: multitude, troop, crowd, school etymon: derivation gem-pro_etymonUnit: skulō reconstructed: true etymon: doublet en_etymonUnit: shoal etymonLanguage: dum displayName: Middle Dutch etymonLanguage: gem-pro displayName: Proto-Germanic etymonType: derivation description: A historical form of the word etymonType: doublet description: Two words derived from the same etymological root A.2 DMLex NVH serialization (Informative) This section specifies a serialization of the DMLex data model in NVH (Name-Value Hierarchy) [ NVH ]. For data exchange purposes, a valid DMLex NVH file is one where either a lexicographicResource or an entry is the top-level node or the file contains a concatenation of one (and only one) of these two nodes separated by a system-specific newline delimiter. A.2.1 Design Principles (Informative) The NVH serialization of DMLex shown in this document follows these principles: The listingOrder property is always implicit from ordering of lines in the NVH file and never serialized explicitly. Object types having only a literal property and listingOrder are considered as if they only had the literal property. The value of the node is the text property of the object, if defined, otherwise it is one of the (typically required) object properties of maximum arity 1. All other object properties are implemented as NVH nodes. If the property contains a literal value, it is serialized as a node named as the property with the value being the literal value of the property. Unless specified otherwise, property names refer to properties of the DMLex object that is being described. Fragment identification strings MAY omit sequences of trailing "~0" and "0~0" strings in unique identifiers as well as the forward slash trailing the whole fragment identification string. Fragment identification strings MAY start with a forward slash character as a shorthand for "[lexicograhpicResource.URI]/entry/" string. See namevaluehierarchy.org for details about the NVH file format and processing libraries. A.2.2 DMLex NVH serialization nodes (Informative) A.2.2.1 NVH node: lexicographicResource Implements the lexicographicResource object type. Value OPTIONAL, implements the uri property. Child nodes entry OPTIONAL (zero or more) title OPTIONAL (zero or one) langCode REQUIRED (exactly one) Child nodes if implementing the Crosslingual Module translationLanguage REQUIRED (one or more) Child nodes if implementing the Controlled Values Module definitionTypeTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) formTag OPTIONAL (zero or more). Implements the inflectedFormTag property. labelTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) labelTypeTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) posTag OPTIONAL (zero or more). Implements the partOfSpeechTag property. sourceIdentityTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) transcriptionSchemeTag OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Linking Module relation OPTIONAL (zero or more) relationType OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Etymology Module etymonLanguage OPTIONAL (zero or more) etymonType OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.2 NVH node: entry Implements the entry object type. Value REQUIRED, implements the headword property. Child nodes homograph OPTIONAL (zero or one) pos OPTIONAL (zero or more). This implements the partOfSpeech property. label OPTIONAL (zero or more) pronunciation OPTIONAL (zero or more) form OPTIONAL (zero or more). This implements the inflectedForm property. sense OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Linking Module id OPTIONAL (zero or one). Entries that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Child nodes if implementing the Annotation Module placeholder OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Etymology Module etymology OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.3 NVH node: pos Implements the partOfSpeech object type. Value REQUIRED, implements the tag property. A.2.2.4 NVH node: form Implements the inflectedForm object type. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. Child nodes tag OPTIONAL (zero or one) label OPTIONAL (zero or more) pronunciation OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.5 NVH node: sense Implements the sense object type. Value OPTIONAL, implements the indicator property Child nodes label OPTIONAL (zero or more) definition OPTIONAL (zero or more) example OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Linking Module id OPTIONAL (zero or one). Senses that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . Child nodes if implementing the Crosslingual Module [PREFIX]explanation OPTIONAL (zero or more) [PREFIX]translation OPTIONAL (zero or more) The string [PREFIX] in the node name MAY be an empty string if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, otherwise it is replaced by the langCode property of the headwordExplanation or headwordTranslation object type, respectively, followed by the underscore character. A.2.2.6 NVH node: definition Implements the definition object type. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. Child nodes definitionType OPTIONAL (zero or one) Child nodes if implementing the Annotation Module headword OPTIONAL (zero or more) collocate OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.7 NVH node: label Implements the label object type. Value tag REQUIRED A.2.2.8 NVH node: pronunciation Implements the pronunciation object type under the entry node. Value soundFile OPTIONAL Child nodes transcription OPTIONAL (zero or more) label OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.9 NVH node: transcription Implements the transcription object type. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. Child nodes scheme OPTIONAL (zero or one) A.2.2.10 NVH node: example Implements the example object type. Value text REQUIRED Child nodes sourceIdentity OPTIONAL (zero or one) sourceElaboration OPTIONAL (zero or one) soundFile OPTIONAL (zero or one) label OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Annotation Module headword OPTIONAL (zero or more) collocate OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Crosslingual Module [PREFIX]exampleTranslation OPTIONAL (zero or more) The string [PREFIX] in the node name MAY be an empty string if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, otherwise it is replaced by the langCode property of the exampleTranslation followed by the underscore character. A.2.2.11 NVH node: translationLanguage Implements the translationLanguage object type from the Crosslingual Module. Value langCode REQUIRED A.2.2.12 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]translation Implements the headwordTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. The string [PREFIX] in the node name MAY be an empty string if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, otherwise it is replaced by the langCode property of the headwordTranslation followed by the underscore character. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. Child nodes pos OPTIONAL (zero or more). This implements the partOfSpeech property. label OPTIONAL (zero or more) pronunciation OPTIONAL (zero or more) form OPTIONAL (zero or more). This implements the inflectedForm property. Child nodes if implementing the Annotation Module placeholder OPTIONAL A.2.2.13 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]explanation Implements the headwordExplanation object type from the Crosslingual Module. The string [PREFIX] in the node name MAY be an empty string if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, otherwise it is replaced by the langCode property of the headwordExplanation followed by the underscore character. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. A.2.2.14 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]exampleTranslation Implements the exampleTranslation object type from the Crosslingual Module. The string [PREFIX] in the node name MAY be an empty string if only one translation language exists in the lexicographic resource, otherwise it is replaced by the langCode property of the exampleTranslation followed by the underscore character. Value text REQUIRED Child nodes soundFile OPTIONAL (zero or one) label OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Annotation Module headword OPTIONAL (zero or more) collocate OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.15 NVH node: definitionTypeTag Implements the definitionTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.16 NVH node: formTag Implements the inflectedFormTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) for OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.17 NVH node: labelTag Implements the labelTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) typeTag OPTIONAL (zero or one) for OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.18 NVH node: labelTypeTag Implements the labelTypeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.19 NVH node: posTag Implements the partOfSpeechTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) for OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.20 NVH node: sourceIdentityTag Implements the sourceIdentityTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.21 NVH node: transcriptionSchemeTag Implements the transcriptionSchemeTag object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value tag REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) for OPTIONAL (zero or one) A.2.2.22 NVH node: sameAs Implements the sameAs object type from the Controlled Values Module. Value uri REQUIRED A.2.2.23 NVH node: relation Implements the relation object type from the Linking Module. Value type REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) [PREFIX]member REQUIRED (two or more). The string [PREFIX] in the node name is an empty string if the role property of this member is not specified, otherwise it is replaced by that role property followed by the underscore character. All IRI-unsafe characters (outside the iunreserved class according to [ RFC 3987 ]) in the role name are percent-encoded according to [ RFC 3986 ]. A.2.2.24 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]member Implements the member object type from the Linking Module. The string [PREFIX] in the node name is an empty string if the role property of this member is not specified, otherwise it is replaced by that role property followed by the underscore character. All IRI-unsafe characters (outside the iunreserved class according to [ RFC 3987 ]) in the role name are percent-encoded according to [ RFC 3986 ]. Value ref REQUIRED Child nodes obverseListingOrder OPTIONAL (exactly one) A.2.2.25 NVH node: relationType Implements the relationType object type from the Linking Module. Value type REQUIRED Child nodes scopeRestriction REQUIRED (exactly one) description OPTIONAL (zero or one) memberType OPTIONAL (zero or more) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.26 NVH node: memberType Implements the memberType object type from the Linking Module. Value type REQUIRED Child nodes role OPTIONAL (exactly one) min OPTIONAL (zero or one) max OPTIONAL (zero or one) hint OPTIONAL (zero or one) description OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.27 NVH node: placeholder Implements the placeholderMarker object type from the Annotation module. Contains the text which it marks up. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. A.2.2.28 NVH node: headword Implements the headwordMarker object type from the Annotation module. Contains the text which it marks up. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. A.2.2.29 NVH node: collocate Implements the collocateMarker object type from the Annotation module. Contains the text which it marks up and optional child nodes. Value REQUIRED, implements the text property. Child nodes lemma OPTIONAL (zero or one) label OPTIONAL (zero or more) Child nodes if implementing the Linking Module id OPTIONAL (zero or one). Collocate markers that have an ID may use this ID as object reference instead of the IRI addressing mechanism described in Section 3.2.1, “DMLex fragment identification strings” . A.2.2.30 NVH node: etymology Implements the etymology object type from the Etymology Module. Value description OPTIONAL (zero or one) Child nodes etymon OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.31 NVH node: etymon Implements the etymon object type from the Etymology Module. Value type OPTIONAL (zero or one) Child nodes when OPTIONAL (zero or one) note OPTIONAL (zero or one) [PREFIX]etymonUnit REQUIRED (one or more). The string [PREFIX] in the node name is replaced by the langCode property of this etymonUnit followed by the underscore character. A.2.2.32 NVH nodes: [PREFIX]etymonUnit Implements the etymonUnit object type from the Etymology Module. The string [PREFIX] in the node name is replaced by the langCode property of this etymonUnit followed by the underscore character. Value text REQUIRED Child nodes reconstructed OPTIONAL (zero or one) pos OPTIONAL (zero or more) translation OPTIONAL (zero or one) A.2.2.33 NVH node: etymonType Implements the etymonType object type from the Etymology Module. Value type REQUIRED Child nodes description OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) A.2.2.34 NVH node: etymonLanguage Implements the etymonLanguage object type from the Etymology Module. Value langCode REQUIRED Child nodes displayName OPTIONAL (zero or one) sameAs OPTIONAL (zero or more) Appendix B References (Normative) This appendix contains the normative and informative references that are used in this document. Normative references are specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or Version number) and Informative references are either specific or non-specific. While any hyperlinks included in this appendix were valid at the time of publication, OASIS cannot guarantee their long-term validity. B.1 Normative references (Normative) [ BCP 14 ] is a concatenation of [RFC 2119] and [RFC 8174] [ RFC 3986 ] Tim Berners-Lee, Roy T. Fielding, Larry M Masinter Uniform Resource Identifier (URI): Generic Syntax , https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3986/ IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 3986, January 2005. [ RFC 3987 ] Martin J. D�rst, Michel Suignard, Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) , https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3987/ IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 3987, January 2005. [ RFC 2119 ] S. Bradner, Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels , https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2119.txt IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 2119, March 1997. [ RFC 8174 ] B. Leiba, Ambiguity of Uppercase vs Lowercase in RFC 2119 Key Words , https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8174.txt IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 8174, May 2017. [ BCP 47 ] M. Davis, Tags for Identifying Languages , http://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force). [ ITS ] David Filip, Shaun McCance, Dave Lewis, Christian Lieske, Arle Lommel, Jirka Kosek, Felix Sasaki, Yves Savourel Internationalization Tag Set (ITS) Version 2.0 , http://www.w3.org/TR/its20/ W3C Recommendation 29 October 2013. [ JSON ] The JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Data Interchange Format , https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8259 IETF RFC 8259 December 2017. [ RFC 3987 ] M. Duerst and M. Suignard, Internationalized Resource Identifiers (IRIs) , https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3987.txt IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 3987, January 2005. [ RFC 7303 ] H. Thompson and C. Lilley, XML Media Types , https://www.tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7303 IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) RFC 7303, July 2014. [ Schematron ] International Standards Organization, ISO/IEC 19757-3, Information Technology - Document Schema Definition Languages (DSDL) - Part 3: Rule-Based Validation — Schematron (Second Edition) , http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c055982_ISO_IEC_19757-3_2016.zip ISO, January 15, 2016. [ SQL ] International Standards Organization, ISO/IEC 9075, Information technology – Database languages – SQL , https://www.iso.org/standard/76583.html ISO, 2023. [ UAX #9 ] M. Davis, A. Lanin, A. Glass, UNICODE BIDIRECTIONAL ALGORITHM , http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-35.html Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm, May 18, 2016. [ UAX #15 ] M. Davis, K. Whistler, UNICODE NORMALIZATION FORMS , http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-44.html Unicode Normalization Forms, February 24, 2016. [ Unicode ] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard , http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode9.0.0/ Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, June 21, 2016. [ XLIFF 2.1 ] David Filip, Tom Comerford, Soroush Saadatfar, Felix Sasaki, and Yves Savourel, eds. XLIFF Version 2.0 , http://docs.oasis-open.org/xliff/xliff-core/v2.1/os/xliff-core-v2.1-os.html OASIS Standard 13 February 2018 [ XML ] W3C, Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 , http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/ (Fifth Edition) W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008. [ XML namespace ] W3C, Schema document for namespace http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace http://www.w3.org/2001/xml.xsd [ http://www.w3.org/2009/01/xml.xsd ] . [ XML Catalogs ] Norman Walsh, XML Catalogs , https://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/14809/xml-catalogs.html OASIS Standard V1.1, 07 October 2005. [ XML Schema ] W3C, XML Schema , refers to the two part standard comprising [XML Schema Structures] and [XML Schema Datatypes] (Second Editions) W3C Recommendations 28 October 2004. [ XML Schema Datatypes ] W3C, XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes , http://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-2/ (Second Edition) W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004. [ XML Schema Structures ] W3C, XML Schema Part 1: Structures , https://www.w3.org/TR/xmlschema-1/ (Second Edition) W3C Recommendation 28 October 2004. [ DCMI Metadata Terms ] DCMI Usage Board, DCMI Metadata Terms , https://www.dublincore.org/specifications/dublin-core/dcmi-terms/ Date issued: 2020-01-20. B.2 Informative references (Informative) [ NVH ] Name-Value Hierarchy , https://www.namevaluehierarchy.org/ . [ LDML ] Unicode Locale Data Markup Language http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/ [ UAX #29 ] M. Davis, UNICODE TEXT SEGMENTATION , http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/ Unicode text Segmentation. Appendix C Machine Readable Validation Artifacts (Normative) XML schema XML schema excluding the cross-lingual module JSON schema JSON schema excluding the cross-lingual module NVH schema (informative) Appendix D DMLex UML diagram (Normative) Appendix E DMLex plain text description (Informative) This description uses the NVH schema notation style and the convention that all object types and their properties are prefixed by either core@ or MODULENAME@ strings. Their arity is denoted by a * (zero or more), + (one or more), ? (zero or one) or N+ ( N or more). If no arity is given, it indicates the arity of 1, i.e. being required and occurring exactly once. core@lexicographicResource: core@title: ? core@uri: ? core@langCode: core@entry: * xlingual@translationLanguage: + values@definitionTypeTag: * values@inflectedFormTag: * values@labelTag: * values@labelTypeTag: * values@partOfSpeechTag: * values@sourceIdentityTag: * values@transcriptionSchemeTag: * linking@relation: * linking@relationType: * etymology@etymonLanguage: * etymology@etymonType: * core@entry: core@headword: core@homographNumber: ? core@partOfSpeech: * core@label: * core@pronunciation: * core@inflectedForm: * core@sense: * annotation@placeholderMarker: * etymology@etymology: * core@partOfSpeech: core@tag: core@listingOrder: core@inflectedForm: core@text: core@tag: ? core@label: * core@pronunciation: * core@listingOrder: core@sense: core@listingOrder: core@indicator: ? core@label: * core@definition: * core@example: * xlingual@headwordExplanation: * xlingual@headwordTranslation: * core@definition: core@text: core@definitionType: ? core@listingOrder: annotation@headwordMarker: * annotation@collocateMarker: * core@label: core@tag: core@listingOrder: core@pronunciation: core@soundFile: ? core@transcription: * core@listingOrder: core@label: * core@transcription: core@text: core@scheme: ? core@listingOrder: core@example: core@text: core@sourceIdentity: ? core@sourceElaboration: ? core@label: * core@soundFile: ? core@listingOrder: xlingual@exampleTranslation: * annotation@headwordMarker: * annotation@collocateMarker: * xlingual@translationLanguage: xlingual@langCode: xlingual@listingOrder: xlingual@headwordExplanation: xlingual@text: xlingual@langCode: ? xlingual@headwordTranslation: xlingual@text: xlingual@langCode: ? xlingual@listingOrder: xlingual@partOfSpeech: * xlingual@label: * xlingual@pronunciation: * xlingual@inflectedForm: * annotation@placeholderMarker: * xlingual@exampleTranslation: xlingual@text: xlingual@langCode: ? xlingual@label: * xlingual@soundFile: ? xlingual@listingOrder: annotation@headwordMarker: * annotation@collocateMarker: * values@definitionTypeTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@sameAs: * values@inflectedFormTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@for: ? values@sameAs: * values@labelTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@typeTag: ? values@for: ? values@sameAs: * values@labelTypeTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@sameAs: * values@partOfSpeechTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@for: ? values@sameAs: * values@sourceIdentityTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@sameAs: * values@transcriptionSchemeTag: values@tag: values@description: ? values@for: ? values@sameAs: values@uri: linking@relation: linking@type: linking@description: ? linking@member: 2+ linking@member: linking@ref: linking@role: ? linking@listingOrder: linking@obverseListingOrder: ? linking@relationType: linking@type: linking@description: ? linking@scopeRestriction: ?(any,sameEntry,sameResource) linking@memberType: * linking@sameAs: * linking@memberType: linking@role: ? linking@description: ? linking@type: (sense,entry,collocate) linking@min: ? linking@max: ? linking@hint: ?(embed,navigate,none) linking@sameAs: * annotation@placeholderMarker: annotation@startIndex: annotation@endIndex: annotation@headwordMarker: annotation@startIndex: annotation@endIndex: annotation@collocateMarker: annotation@startIndex: annotation@endIndex: annotation@lemma: ? annotation@label: * etymology@etymology: etymology@description: ? etymology@etymon: * etymology@listingOrder: etymology@etymon: etymology@when: ? etymology@type: ? etymology@note: ? etymology@etymonUnit: + etymology@listingOrder: etymology@etymonUnit: etymology@langCode: etymology@text: etymology@reconstructed: ? etymology@partOfSpeech: * etymology@translation: ? etymology@listingOrder: etymology@etymonLanguage: etymology@langCode: etymology@displayName: ? etymology@sameAs: * etymology@etymonType: etymology@type: etymology@description: ? etymology@sameAs: * Appendix F Specification Change Tracking (Informative) F.1 Tracking of changes F.1.1 Tracking of changes made during the OASIS publishing process after Public Reviews No technical changes were made during the approval and publishing process since the Committee Specification Draft 04 public review version published on 06 September 2024. F.1.2 Tracking of changes made in response to Public Reviews This is to facilitate human tracking of changes in the specification made since the first Public Review publication on 8th September 2023. F.1.2.1 csd04.xml Tracking of changes in response to the 4th Public Review This section tracks major changes made to this specification compared to the Committee Specification Draft 04 https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/csd04/dmlex-v1.0-csd04.pdf.pdf . The fourth Public Review took place from 10 September 2024 until 11 October 2024. No changes were made except administratively progressiong the draft to Committee Specification. F.1.2.2 csd03.xml Tracking of changes in response to the 3rd Public Review This section tracks major changes made to this specification compared to the Committee Specification Draft 03 https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/csd03/dmlex-v1.0-csd03.pdf.pdf . The third Public Review took place from 28 June 2024 until 27 July 2024. The sameAs object has been added as property of etymonLanguage and etymonType (GitHub issue 140 ). The translation property of etymon has been removed (GitHub issue 139 ). The XSD schema has been updated to accept entries, senses and collocate markers without an id attribute. (GitHub issue 135 ). F.1.2.3 Tracking of changes in response to the 2nd Public Review This section tracks major changes made to this specification compared to the Committee Specification Draft 02 https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/csd02/dmlex-v1.0-csd02.pdf . The second Public Review took place from 31st January 2024 until 29th February 2024. A method for constructing fragment identification strings has been added to the specification (GitHub issue 97 ). Consistency has been introduced to the use of <text> child elements in the XML serialisation. (GitHub issue 72 ). Clarifications have been added on how whitespace should be handled, both at the level of the data model and in the XML serialisation (GitHub issue 84 ). Several validation artifacts have been added to the specification, including an XML schema and a JSON schema (GitHub issue 93 ). A clarification has been added on element ordering in the XML serialisation (GitHub issue 117 ). A clarification has been added to the XML serialisation on which elements can be the top-level elements in a DMLex-comformant XML document (GitHub issue 118 ). F.1.2.4 Tracking of changes in response to the 1st Public Review This section tracks major changes made to this specification compared to the Committee Specification Draft 01 https://docs.oasis-open.org/lexidma/dmlex/v1.0/dmlex-v1.0.pdf . The initial Public Review took place from 22nd September 2023 until 17th November 2023. Clarifications have been added to explain why DMLex allows lexicographic resources with zero entries and entries with zero senses, in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 52 ). The data type of pronunciation.soundFile has been changed to Internationalized Resource Identifier (IRI), in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 54 ). In the Controlled Values Module, the properties of various object types such as forHeadwords , forPartOfSpeech and so on, which had originally been intended to model various constraints on the use of tags, have been radically simplified into a single property called for – in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 55 ). In the Linking Module, uniqueness constraints on relation have been removed in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 56 ). The Etymology Module has been updated to disallow the existence of empty etymologies, in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 59 ). In the XML and JSON serializations (which are normative) and in the NVH serialization (which is informative), items which have id properties (those are: entries, senses, collocate markers) have been changed so that the id property is relevant only if implementing the Linking Module – in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 65 ). In the Linking Module, the member_id property of member has been changed to ref to avoid a potential misunderstanding about the purpose of this property, in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 66 ). In the Linking Module, the obverseListingOrder property of member has been made optional in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 67 ). In the Linking Module, the role property of memberType has been made optional in response to a review comment (GitHub issue 68 ). In the XML serialization, whitespace handling rules have been added, both at the default level for all elements, and specifically for elements which are allowed to contain inline markup, in reponse to a review comment (GitHub issue 69 ). Multiple changes have made to the Examples section to correct inconsistencies between the examples and the rest of the specificiation, in response to various review comments (including GitHub issue 62 ). Appendix G Acknowledgements (Informative) The following individuals have participated in the creation of this specification and are gratefully acknowledged: Erjavec, Tomaž - Jožef Stefan Institute Filip, David - Masaryk University (previously TCD, ADAPT Centre) Jakub�ček, Miloš - Lexical Computing, Masaryk University Kallas, Jelena - Institute of the Estonian Language Kernerman, Ilan - K Dictionaries Kokol, Marko - Jožef Stefan Institute Kosem, Iztok - Jožef Stefan Institute Krek, Simon - Jožef Stefan Institute Kov�ř, Vojtěch - Lexical Computing, Masaryk University McCrae, John - University of Galway Měchura, Michal - Masaryk University Tiberius, Carole - Dutch Language Institute Appendix H Notices (Informative) Copyright � OASIS Open 2025. All Rights Reserved. All capitalized terms in the following text have the meanings assigned to them in the OASIS Intellectual Property Rights Policy (the "OASIS IPR Policy"). The full Policy may be found at the OASIS website. 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