Google Patentsopen access

Blockchain agnostic token network — Block, Inc. (US12211042B2)

ABSTRACT

Abstract

A blockchain agnostic token network is described. In an example, a request to purchase a non-fungible token (NFT) minted on a blockchain from a seller is received. Based at least in part on context data associated with at least one of the user, the seller, or a digital asset associated with the NFT, a plurality of available blockchains is determined for holding the NFT. Information associated with the plurality of blockchains is surfaced and one of the plurality of blockchains is determined for holding the NFT. Based at least in part on the determined blockchain, the NFT is transferred to the determined blockchain and associated with a user account for subsequent viewing.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/961,506, filed Oct. 6, 2022, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/722,118, filed Apr. 15, 2022, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,501,297, entitled “BLOCKCHAIN AGNOSTIC TOKEN NETWORK”, and which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Tokens, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), represent cryptographic assets on blockchains. NFTs are unique, in that they are associated with unique identification codes, and non-interchangeable, in that they cannot be traded or exchanged at equivalency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the disclosure are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 A is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for facilitating a blockchain agnostic non-fungible token (“NFT”) transaction between a buyer and a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 1 B is a schematic diagram illustrating additional details associated with the blockchain agnostic NFT transaction between the buyer and the seller of FIG. 1 A in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an example user interface (“UI”) that allows for the generation of NFTs by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is an example UI that allows for listing and describing an NFT by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 is an example UI that allows for the selection of a blockchain for minting an NFT by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 is an example UI that allows for confirming that an NFT is listed by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is an example UI that allows for displaying a seller's inventory list including one or more NFTs in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 is an example UI that allows for presenting an offer for sale of an NFT by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 A is an example UI that allows for the selection of one or more NFTs for purchase via a merchant to buyer transaction in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 B is an example UI that allows for initializing a peer-to-peer (“P2P”) service transaction to purchase an NFT in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 9 is an example UI that allows for viewing and managing digital assets including NFTs within a payment service application by the buyer in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a seller generating and selling an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a user purchasing an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a merchant selling an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a user changing the blockchain associated with an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for providing a seamless transaction between currencies within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of a merchant environment within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a peer-to-peer environment within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a data store that can be associated with one or more payment service servers in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of an integrated transaction environment configured to enable point-of-sale transactions utilizing peer-to-peer assets in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure; and

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a device configured to facilitate blockchain agnostic network transactions in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Techniques described herein relate to a network-connected computing system, associated with a payment service, that enables real-time minting, purchasing, selling, and/or maintenance of digital assets and cryptographic tokens, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) representing such digital assets, across a variety of available blockchains. In at least one example, such techniques relate to blockchain “agnostic” transactions. That is, techniques described herein can ensure mobility between one or more blockchains (and associated networks). For example, the network-connected computing system can enable the generation, transfer, storage, and/or the like of NFTs on one or more blockchains by employing one or more networks and/or protocols to enable different blockchains to be interoperable, without regard to differences in standards and/or formats associated with different blockchains (and associated networks). In at least one example, the network-connected computing system employs any suitable network and/or protocol that enables different blockchains to interoperate, e.g., by minting “mirror” NFTs on different blockchains. In some examples, techniques described herein can utilize context data and/or machine-learning mechanisms to contextually and/or intelligently determine which blockchain(s) to mint NFTs on, for example, when generated, transferred, or maintained.

A blockchain is a peer-to-peer, immutable electronic ledger, which is implemented as a decentralized and distributed computer-implemented network of computing devices, to record transactions and track assets. In some examples, the network of nodes or computing devices with which a blockchain is associated is called a “blockchain network.” The data within a blockchain comprises discrete units called blocks that record a variety of transactions (e.g., an individual payment transaction, update to a data structure, a contract, etc.) that have occurred. The blocks detail the movement (e.g., transfer of control) of a digital asset between participants in the blockchain computer-implemented network. The blocks form an irreversible chain of data as a digital asset moves from place to place or ownership changes hands. The blocks confirm the exact time and sequence of transactions, and the blocks link securely together to prevent any block from being altered or a block being inserted between two existing blocks. Each block within the blockchain includes a hash (i.e., unique and verifiable data) of the previous block in the chain rendering the blockchain tamper-evident. Because blocks in the blockchain are copied to each node within a blockchain, a permanent, verifiable, and unalterable record of transactions is generated.

An area of blockchain-related technology relates to the use of “tokens” to represent and transfer assets via blockchains. A cryptographic token serves as an identifier that allows a real-world asset or digital asset to be referenced from a blockchain. Similar to physical assets, the tokens that represent assets may be differentiated on the basis of “fungibility” or “non-fungibility.” “Fungibility” refers to the equivalence or interchangeability of each unit of an asset with other units of the same asset. For example, fungible tokens (FTs) are tokens that can be exchanged for any other token with the same value. Fungible tokens are uniform, that is, FTs of the same type are identical in specification, each FT is identical to another FT of the same type. Consequently, FTs are divisible into smaller amounts. Similar to currency, where bills can be divided into coins of an equivalent value, FTs are divisible. As such, a fraction of an FT can be transferred between users. Cryptocurrency (e.g., Bitcoin, Ether, etc.) is an example of a blockchain-related FT, wherein each unit of cryptocurrency is identical in specification and interchangeable with other units of the same asset.

“Non-fungibility” refers to the uniqueness or non-interchangeability of individual units of an asset. For example, NFTs cannot be replaced with other tokens of the same type. An example format for an NFT on the Ethereum blockchain is a token standard referred to as ERC-721. The ERC-1155 standard offers semi-fungibility. Unlike ERC-721, where the unique identifier represents one asset, the unique identifier of the ERC-1155 token represents a whole class of fungible assets, any number of which the user can transfer to others. Components based on the ERC-998 standard are the templates according to which NFTs can be either non-fungible or fungible assets. While Ethereum is a popular choice for NFT marketplaces, there are non-Ethereum NFT marketplaces as well, belonging to other blockchain networks like Cosmos, Polkadot, International Blockchain Consulting (IBC), Interledger, Binance Smart Chain, etc. Each of the NFT marketplaces operates slightly differently and has its specific instructions, standards, formats, and/or the like. For example, some of the NFTs are curated while others are self-service based. Creating NFTs on some platforms have substantial transaction fees to mint, while some marketplaces do not support specific file formats or sizes of assets. Some platforms are user-friendly, while others have a complex user interface that takes significant training.

In many examples described herein, the transfer of NFTs across a plurality of blockchains can occur through the use of a payment service or other service provider. For the purpose of this discussion, “transfer” can refer to transferring an NFT between users on a same blockchain or different blockchains. In some examples, a transfer from a first blockchain to a second blockchain can necessitate minting, or otherwise creating, the NFT on the second blockchain. Users of the payment service can generate new NFTs for sale, trade, transfer, or the like, or list pre-existing NFTs for sale, trade, transfer, or the like. NFTs listed for sale, trade, transfer, or the like can be sold through a variety of marketplaces. For example, a seller of an NFT may operate a digital marketplace provided by the payment service, which lists NFTs for sale, trade, transfer, or the like, in some examples, alongside non-NFT inventory. In some examples, sellers can sell, trade, transfer, etc. NFTs via online stores, brick-and-mortar stores, in peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions, in point-of-sale (POS) transactions, or the like.

As described above, in some examples, techniques described herein can ensure mobility between the various blockchains (and associated networks). In some examples, the payment service can provide a buyer and/or seller the choice of what blockchain an NFT should be made available on or otherwise minted to. Techniques described herein refer to an NFT being “held” on a blockchain. For the purpose of this discussion, such “holding” can refer to an NFT being minted on or otherwise made available on a particular blockchain. In some examples, NFTs can be “held” in a digital wallet associated with the blockchain on which the NFT is held.

In some examples, a seller may be provided a listing of multiple blockchains on which to mint an NFT. In some examples, buyers may be provided a listing of multiple blockchains on which to mint an NFT. In some examples, a seller or buyer selection of a blockchain can be used to determine which blockchain an NFT is minted on. As described above, techniques described herein, can enable the generation, transfer, storage, and/or the like of NFTs on one or more blockchains by employing one or more networks and/or protocols to enable different blockchains to be interoperable, without regard to differences in standards and/or formats associated with different blockchains and associated networks. That is, techniques described herein can enable users (e.g., buyers and/or sellers) to select which blockchain(s) to generate, transfer, and/or maintain NFTs without regard to different standards and/or formats. As such, techniques described herein enable blockchain “agnostic” transactions.

In some examples, the payment service can select, without user input, an optimal (i.e., most desirable or satisfactory) blockchain on which to mint an NFT. As described below, in some examples, such a selection can be “contextual,” based on context data associated with a buyer, a seller, a transaction, an NFT, one or more blockchains, or the like. That is, in certain examples, the selection of which blockchain should be utilized for minting and/or transferring the NFT can be made entirely without input from any user. In some examples, such selection can be “intelligent,” in that the payment service may utilize one or more machine learning model(s) to determine, analyze, and/or select an optimal blockchain based on various context data. These machine learning model(s) can be configured to be deployed with or develop a model based on a sample, or training data. The machine learning model(s) can provide results such as predictions or decisions based on this model and subsequently update the model based on feedback received from previous results.

Existing NFT transaction options for users wishing to buy, sell, or trade NFTs can be limited by the complexity and cost of their current structure. This may stem from the limitation that many existing NFT transactions may use an additional escrow service to facilitate NFT transfers. Often, a third-party escrow service is used by existing NFT service providers which requires a first transfer of the NFT from the current blockchain to the escrow service. Once this step of the transaction is verified, a second transfer of the NFT from the escrow service to the buyer on a new blockchain can occur. However, this method presents problems as the third-party escrow service often requires that they be added to the transaction, which adds a layer of cost and risk to the transaction. This added transaction with the escrow service increases the necessary transaction costs of the transfer/sale and can be prohibitive, especially at scale. These increased risks and costs generate a prohibitive barrier to transferring NFTs between users and between blockchains.

Techniques described herein eliminate those added risks and costs by utilizing a payment service to facilitate the transfer of an NFT from one user to another and between one blockchain and another. This can be accomplished by covering aspects of the listing, sale, trade, and/or transfer of NFTs between various blockchains within the operations of the payment service alone. The payment service can allow makers and sellers of NFTs to list their NFTs for sal

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/961,506, filed Oct. 6, 2022, which is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/722,118, filed Apr. 15, 2022, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 11,501,297, entitled “BLOCKCHAIN AGNOSTIC TOKEN NETWORK”, and which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Tokens, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs), represent cryptographic assets on blockchains. NFTs are unique, in that they are associated with unique identification codes, and non-interchangeable, in that they cannot be traded or exchanged at equivalency.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the disclosure are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, in which like references indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 A is a schematic diagram illustrating a system for facilitating a blockchain agnostic non-fungible token (“NFT”) transaction between a buyer and a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 1 B is a schematic diagram illustrating additional details associated with the blockchain agnostic NFT transaction between the buyer and the seller of FIG. 1 A in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 2 is an example user interface (“UI”) that allows for the generation of NFTs by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 3 is an example UI that allows for listing and describing an NFT by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 4 is an example UI that allows for the selection of a blockchain for minting an NFT by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 5 is an example UI that allows for confirming that an NFT is listed by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 6 is an example UI that allows for displaying a seller's inventory list including one or more NFTs in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 7 is an example UI that allows for presenting an offer for sale of an NFT by a seller in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 A is an example UI that allows for the selection of one or more NFTs for purchase via a merchant to buyer transaction in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 8 B is an example UI that allows for initializing a peer-to-peer (“P2P”) service transaction to purchase an NFT in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 9 is an example UI that allows for viewing and managing digital assets including NFTs within a payment service application by the buyer in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a seller generating and selling an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a user purchasing an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a merchant selling an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for a user changing the blockchain associated with an NFT within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for providing a seamless transaction between currencies within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 15 is an illustration of a merchant environment within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a peer-to-peer environment within a blockchain agnostic network in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a data store that can be associated with one or more payment service servers in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure;

FIG. 18 is an illustration of an integrated transaction environment configured to enable point-of-sale transactions utilizing peer-to-peer assets in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure; and

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a device configured to facilitate blockchain agnostic network transactions in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Techniques described herein relate to a network-connected computing system, associated with a payment service, that enables real-time minting, purchasing, selling, and/or maintenance of digital assets and cryptographic tokens, such as non-fungible tokens (NFTs) representing such digital assets, across a variety of available blockchains. In at least one example, such techniques relate to blockchain “agnostic” transactions. That is, techniques described herein can ensure mobility between one or more blockchains (and associated networks). For example, the network-connected computing system can enable the generation, transfer, storage, and/or the like of NFTs on one or more blockchains by employing one or more networks and/or protocols to enable different blockchains to be interoperable, without regard to differences in standards and/or formats associated with different blockchains (and associated networks). In at least one example, the network-connected computing system employs any suitable network and/or protocol that enables different blockchains to interoperate, e.g., by minting “mirror” NFTs on different blockchains. In some examples, techniques described herein can utilize context data and/or machine-learning mechanisms to contextually and/or intelligently determine which blockchain(s) to mint NFTs on, for example, when generated, transferred, or maintained.

A blockchain is a peer-to-peer, immutable electronic ledger, which is implemented as a decentralized and distributed computer-implemented network of computing devices, to record transactions and track assets. In some examples, the network of nodes or computing devices with which a blockchain is associated is called a “blockchain network.” The data within a blockchain comprises discrete units called blocks that record a variety of transactions (e.g., an individual payment transaction, update to a data structure, a contract, etc.) that have occurred. The blocks detail the movement (e.g., transfer of control) of a digital asset between participants in the blockchain computer-implemented network. The blocks form an irreversible chain of data as a digital asset moves from place to place or ownership changes hands. The blocks confirm the exact time and sequence of transactions, and the blocks link securely together to prevent any block from being altered or a block being inserted between two existing blocks. Each block within the blockchain includes a hash (i.e., unique and verifiable data) of the previous block in the chain rendering the blockchain tamper-evident. Because blocks in the blockchain are copied to each node within a blockchain, a permanent, verifiable, and unalterable record of transactions is generated.

An area of blockchain-related technology relates to the use of “tokens” to represent and transfer assets via blockchains. A cryptographic token serves as an identifier that allows a real-world asset or digital asset to be referenced from a blockchain. Similar to physical assets, the tokens that represent assets may be differentiated on the basis of “fungibility” or “non-fungibility.” “Fungibility” refers to the equivalence or interchangeability of each unit of an asset with other units of the same asset. For example, fungible tokens (FTs) are tokens that can be exchanged for any other token with the same value. Fungible tokens are uniform, that is, FTs of the same type are identical in specification, each FT is identical to another FT of the same type. Consequently, FTs are divisible into smaller amounts. Similar to currency, where bills can be divided into coins of an equivalent value, FTs are divisible. As such, a fraction of an FT can be transferred between users. Cryptocurrency (e.g., Bitcoin, Ether, etc.) is an example of a blockchain-related FT, wherein each unit of cryptocurrency is identical in specification and interchangeable with other units of the same asset.

“Non-fungibility” refers to the uniqueness or non-interchangeability of individual units of an asset. For example, NFTs cannot be replaced with other tokens of the same type. An example format for an NFT on the Ethereum blockchain is a token standard referred to as ERC-721. The ERC-1155 standard offers semi-fungibility. Unlike ERC-721, where the unique identifier represents one asset, the unique identifier of the ERC-1155 token represents a whole class of fungible assets, any number of which the user can transfer to others. Components based on the ERC-998 standard are the templates according to which NFTs can be either non-fungible or fungible assets. While Ethereum is a popular choice for NFT marketplaces, there are non-Ethereum NFT marketplaces as well, belonging to other blockchain networks like Cosmos, Polkadot, International Blockchain Consulting (IBC), Interledger, Binance Smart Chain, etc. Each of the NFT marketplaces operates slightly differently and has its specific instructions, standards, formats, and/or the like. For example, some of the NFTs are curated while others are self-service based. Creating NFTs on some platforms have substantial transaction fees to mint, while some marketplaces do not support specific file formats or sizes of assets. Some platforms are user-friendly, while others have a complex user interface that takes significant training.

In many examples described herein, the transfer of NFTs across a plurality of blockchains can occur through the use of a payment service or other service provider. For the purpose of this discussion, “transfer” can refer to transferring an NFT between users on a same blockchain or different blockchains. In some examples, a transfer from a first blockchain to a second blockchain can necessitate minting, or otherwise creating, the NFT on the second blockchain. Users of the payment service can generate new NFTs for sale, trade, transfer, or the like, or list pre-existing NFTs for sale, trade, transfer, or the like. NFTs listed for sale, trade, transfer, or the like can be sold through a variety of marketplaces. For example, a seller of an NFT may operate a digital marketplace provided by the payment service, which lists NFTs for sale, trade, transfer, or the like, in some examples, alongside non-NFT inventory. In some examples, sellers can sell, trade, transfer, etc. NFTs via online stores, brick-and-mortar stores, in peer-to-peer (P2P) transactions, in point-of-sale (POS) transactions, or the like.

As described above, in some examples, techniques described herein can ensure mobility between the various blockchains (and associated networks). In some examples, the payment service can provide a buyer and/or seller the choice of what blockchain an NFT should be made available on or otherwise minted to. Techniques described herein refer to an NFT being “held” on a blockchain. For the purpose of this discussion, such “holding” can refer to an NFT being minted on or otherwise made available on a particular blockchain. In some examples, NFTs can be “held” in a digital wallet associated with the blockchain on which the NFT is held.

In some examples, a seller may be provided a listing of multiple blockchains on which to mint an NFT. In some examples, buyers may be provided a listing of multiple blockchains on which to mint an NFT. In some examples, a seller or buyer selection of a blockchain can be used to determine which blockchain an NFT is minted on. As described above, techniques described herein, can enable the generation, transfer, storage, and/or the like of NFTs on one or more blockchains by employing one or more networks and/or protocols to enable different blockchains to be interoperable, without regard to differences in standards and/or formats associated with different blockchains and associated networks. That is, techniques described herein can enable users (e.g., buyers and/or sellers) to select which blockchain(s) to generate, transfer, and/or maintain NFTs without regard to different standards and/or formats. As such, techniques described herein enable blockchain “agnostic” transactions.

In some examples, the payment service can select, without user input, an optimal (i.e., most desirable or satisfactory) blockchain on which to mint an NFT. As described below, in some examples, such a selection can be “contextual,” based on context data associated with a buyer, a seller, a transaction, an NFT, one or more blockchains, or the like. That is, in certain examples, the selection of which blockchain should be utilized for minting and/or transferring the NFT can be made entirely without input from any user. In some examples, such selection can be “intelligent,” in that the payment service may utilize one or more machine learning model(s) to determine, analyze, and/or select an optimal blockchain based on various context data. These machine learning model(s) can be configured to be deployed with or develop a model based on a sample, or training data. The machine learning model(s) can provide results such as predictions or decisions based on this model and subsequently update the model based on feedback received from previous results.

Existing NFT transaction options for users wishing to buy, sell, or trade NFTs can be limited by the complexity and cost of their current structure. This may stem from the limitation that many existing NFT transactions may use an additional escrow service to facilitate NFT transfers. Often, a third-party escrow service is used by existing NFT service providers which requires a first transfer of the NFT from the current blockchain to the escrow service. Once this step of the transaction is verified, a second transfer of the NFT from the escrow service to the buyer on a new blockchain can occur. However, this method presents problems as the third-party escrow service often requires that they be added to the transaction, which adds a layer of cost and risk to the transaction. This added transaction with the escrow service increases the necessary transaction costs of the transfer/sale and can be prohibitive, especially at scale. These increased risks and costs generate a prohibitive barrier to transferring NFTs between users and between blockchains.

Techniques described herein eliminate those added risks and costs by utilizing a payment service to facilitate the transfer of an NFT from one user to another and between one blockchain and another. This can be accomplished by covering aspects of the listing, sale, trade, and/or transfer of NFTs between various blockchains within the operations of the payment service alone. The payment service can allow makers and sellers of NFTs to list their NFTs for sale within a marketplace operated by the payment service. The payment service can collect various context data to determine available blockchains for minting or transferring an NFT, as described above. In some examples, the payment service can utilize this context data to select an optimal blockchain for generating or transferring an NFT. In additional examples, the payment service can surface available blockchains suitable for hosting an NFT and allow the user to select which blockchain they would like to mint or offer their NFT for sale on. That is, techniques described herein can leverage intelligence to determine optimal blockchains for generating and/or transferring NFTs. This can provide improvements to existing NFT transactions by optimizing based on, among other context data, network and/or resource availability. Techniques described herein therefore enable improvements over existing one-size-fits-all technology as is available in existing NFT service providers.

The payment service can also provide buyers of NFTs the ability to mint or otherwise transfer a purchasable NFT to another blockchain. The selection of an optimal blockchain may also be done automatically by the payment service, for example, through the use of one or more machine learning model(s). In further examples, the payment service may surface options of suitable blockchains based on determined context data associated with the NFT sale/trade. The payment service may surface various transaction costs for both purchasing the NFT from the seller, and the transfer costs of moving the NFT to an optimal blockchain. This transaction cost data can be automatically generated by the payment service outside of user view by searching for available blockchains and determining the current transaction costs associated with minting, or otherwise embedding, the NFT on that network. As those skilled in the art can recognize, these transaction costs can change often and as such, a non-static method of determining these costs can be in place to verify upon each transaction. This can be done in a variety of ways including, but not limited to, accessing current minting costs on one or more exchange networks. By facilitating the entire NFT transaction on both ends, the techniques described herein provide an improvement on NFT transaction technology by reducing risk and costs while increasing the ease of surfacing final cost options to the user attempting to make an NFT transaction decision.

Some existing NFT transfers require that all NFTs available for sale be minted, prior to being offered for sale, on a blockchain. This requirement stems from an NFT marketplace not allowing sale of items that are not currently in the possession of the seller. This can be a technique used by existing NFT marketplaces to prevent or mitigate fraud. This requires NFT sellers to pay an upfront cost to mint each NFT that they wish to list for sale. For sellers that wish to offer a large number of NFTs for sale at once, these costs can become prohibitive as the market for the proposed NFTs may not even be suitable enough to make up those costs. Further, minting a large number of NFTs at the same or nearly the same time can require a significant amount of computing resources.

Techniques discussed herein can allow for the payment service to offer one or more “lazy minting” processes (i.e., a “just in time” minting system). This minting process allows for the listing of an NFT for sale without the need to mint the NFT first. Instead, the process can wait to mint the NFT until a later time, for example when a purchase request is received or a condition is satisfied. By allowing the use of lazy minting processes, the payment service can, in some examples, lower the cost of minting NFTs and in turn lower the barriers to entry for many potential sellers of NFTs, thus improving the technological field by granting access to a wider audience than would have been previously priced out of the market. Further, in using lazing minting processes, the payment service can leverage the volatility of cryptocurrency value for determining when to mint an NFT (e.g., at a time when a gas fee is low or below a threshold). In some examples, the payment service can wait to mint an NFT until a certain condition (e.g., availability of computing resources, security metric, risk metric, etc.) is satisfied. That is, by utilizing lazy minting processes, the payment service can enable the conservation of computing resources, improve security, and/or mitigate risk associated with existing computing devices.

In some examples, lazy minting is a service that a payment service can provide because it can establish a direct relationship with the seller and offer safeguards against fraud. For example, a seller can offer an NFT listing for sale, a buyer purchases the NFT in the listing, but the seller waits to mint and transfer the NFT to the buyer. This is the equivalent of selling a product not in hand. However, as the payment service can have a relationship with the seller, such a relationship can be relied upon for completion of the minting and transferring. That is, the payment service/seller relationship can serve as an indication of trust (or lack thereof), risk (or lack thereof), or the like to enable a delayed minting and transfer, while still mitigating fraud or risk. This payment service/seller relationship can be achieved through a variety of methods. In some examples, a payment service provides an online storefront or other point-of-sale networks to the seller. The seller delegates authority to the payment service to automatically mint the NFT upon sale. With this arrangement, the payment service can verify that the NFT was successfully minted before completing the transaction, thus removing the need to transfer funds until the item is successfully ready for transfer.

In existing technologies, once an NFT is minted on a blockchain, the NFT remains associated with the blockchain. However, multiple blockchains exist that can store NFTs, as described above. Over time, users may acquire a collection of NFTs that are stored across a plurality of blockchains. Existing NFT service providers may be limited in which blockchains may be serviced. An existing NFT service provider may be configured to service a single associated blockchain, or may be limited to a single type of blockchain (e.g., Ethereum-based blockchains). This limitation may require owners and potential buyers of NFTs to manage and search multiple NFT service providers.

In some examples, a blockchain can contain metadata within one or more transactions that link the assets of the NFT with a particular owner. In existing technologies, when an NFT is associated with a single blockchain, such metadata regarding ownership of the NFT can be “locked” within the associated blockchain. However, this metadata does not always need to be locked within that initial blockchain and can in fact be transferred to another blockchain as desired. Thus, an additional transfer service may be required which adds another party into a transaction to transfer the NFT, adding to the cost and risk of transferring NFTs between blockchains. Additionally, the cost for each transfer may change moment to moment due to the fluctuating costs of the associated cryptocurrencies necessary for transfer between blockchains. In some cases, it may be desired to mint a single NFT to multiple blockchains while costs are low in case a transfer is desired in the future. However, such minting is not currently available in existing NFT service providers.

Techniques herein can provide a single location to search, shop, and otherwise manage NFTs. This can be accomplished by configuring the payment service and any associated payment service application utilized by users to be blockchain agnostic, meaning that no one type of blockchain is preferred over another. In this way, multiple blockchains and associated NFTs may be searched, read, written to, and otherwise transacted within a single service. By providing users a single location to store, manage, or otherwise transact with their NFTs, the payment service and associated payment service application can improve the field by reducing search times and switching costs between various existing NFT networks.

Techniques described herein can allow for the transfer of an NFT from one blockchain to another. The payment service may have data related to a large plurality of available blockchains that can host an NFT. Each blockchain can be evaluated to determine whether it is suitable for hosting various types of NFTs. When a minting, sale, or other transaction is being performed, the payment service can evaluate blockchains for suitability. In addition, context data and other machine learning model(s) can be considered to automatically select an optimal blockchain or present available blockchains for selection by the user. This can take place during the course of an NFT transaction, but may also be conducted at any time based on an NFT owner's desires. For example, the NFT owner may desire to have all of their NFTs under a centralized repository (e.g., for storing NFTs on a single blockchain for easier management), avoiding blockchains that may seem to be compromised or are otherwise vulnerable to hackers, avoiding blockchains with higher transaction costs, availing a different or improved use of an NFT, or the like. By providing increased blockchain mobility, the examples herein can improve the field of NFTs by avoiding increased risk, improve blockchain management, and/or increase the available market between NFTs on different blockchains.

Existing NFT service providers typically require the use of external parties to complete sales, and often have no mechanisms to enforce sales. This often means that a buyer and a seller have only a cursory relationship with the NFT service provider and can thus break ties easily if accused of fraud. This typically invites increased fraudulent activity as there are no other ties between the parties of an NFT transaction. Techniques described herein attempt to lower the risk of fraud by leveraging preexisting relationships between the users and the payment service. Often, a payment service has access to each user beyond just the NFT transaction. For example, a seller of NFTs may have a digital marketplace operated in some part by the payment service. Buyers of NFTs may utilize one or more of the payment services additional businesses or services. For example, the payment service may provide access to other accounts the user owns such as stocks, retirement accounts, cryptocurrencies and other assets.

Existing NFT service providers may provide for the creation of various NFTs. However, these NFTs are often generated one at a time and are often tied to the initial blockchain that they were minted to. This can limit the potential market for NFTs as sellers and other users who mint NFTs are only able to mint based on the time available for minting. However, techniques described herein can provide for the bulk creation and management of NFTs. For example, NFTs may be generated in batch operations, which in some examples can be across different blockchains, based on the selection of a certain set of criteria such as NFT name, asset involved, and/or cost. In further examples, a user may wish to transfer a large batch of NFTs at one time. This transfer can be to another user or between a first blockchain and a second blockchain. This can be possible utilizing techniques herein by providing a user interface to provide various criteria (e.g., cost, new owner/blockchain, etc.) and selection of a large number of owned NFTs. By providing bulk inventory management, the field of NFTs is improved because more NFTs may be generated and managed with decreased required resources.

In some examples, the generation and/or transfer of NFTs can require fees. In at least one example, the payment service can determine necessary fees to generate an NFT and/or transfer an NFT, present them to a user as a single cost in a selected currency, and facilitate a transaction based thereon. As an example, for a seller, the payment service can determine fees necessary to mint an NFT and any other fees related to generating the NFT and can present the fees to the seller in a single, integrated cost. In some examples, that cost can be presented in cryptocurrency (e.g., based on the blockchain(s) selected for minting the NFT) or in another currency, such as fiat currency or the like. In some examples, if individual fees are associated with different types of currency, the payment service can handle conversions automatically. As an additional or alternative example, for a buyer, the payment service can determine fees necessary to transfer an NFT and can present such fees to the buyer in a single, integrated cost. In some examples, that cost can be presented in cryptocurrency (e.g., based on the blockchain(s) selected for minting the NFT) or in another currency, such as fiat currency or the like. In some examples, if individual fees are associated with different types of currency, the payment service can handle conversions automatically. As such, techniques described herein enable improvements to existing NFT marketplaces and associated technology.

For example, a user may be required to pay a variety of fees and other transaction costs to facilitate the creation, sale, and/or purchase of an NFT. The creation or transfer of an NFT may require the payment of some amount of cryptocurrency, which may or may not be available to the user. The seller of an NFT may also desire payment in the form of some other currency, such as a fiat currency. Existing NFT transaction networks may also require payment of one or more fees that may be in yet another currency. These existing processes may require a buyer or seller to acquire cryptocurrency and/or another one or more currencies to complete a transaction. The disclosure herein provides for conducting transactions through a payment service across different blockchains, for example, with a consolidated cost and in a single currency. The payment service can provide functionality to allow for conversion of one or more currencies into other currencies to facilitate a transaction. This functionality can be done automatically without user input or knowledge. The transaction can be initiated on a payment service application that can present the buyer or seller with a single cost in their selected currency for minting, selling, and/or buying NFTs. For example, the payment service may determine data related to a potential NFT transaction such as current cryptocurrency conversion rates, fiat currency conversion rates, and/or any other available marketplace data that may alter the cost of the NFT transaction. The payment service can then modify or surface a listing of NFTs to show a single cost to a user that can be formatted in the user's desired currency. By providing NFT buyers and sellers with a single cost to conduct their transaction, friction in the market is reduced and increased access to NFTs can be facilitated. The reduced friction in the presentation of NFT transactions provides for improved functionality when interacting and conducting transactions with one or more NFT networks.

It should be noted that cryptocurrency transactions require compliance with, among other regulations, anti-money laundering and anti-terrorism financing regulations. Techniques described herein are to be performed in compliance with such regulations and any other regulations relevant to cryptocurrency or other transactions as applicable. Furthermore, techniques described herein are to be performed in compliance with any other regulation relevant to cryptocurrencies, stablecoins, or any other type of digital assets as described or contemplated herein.

It should be understood that the term “blockchain” as used herein includes all forms of electronic, computer-based, distributed ledgers. These include consensus-based blockchain and transaction-chain technologies, permissioned and un-permissioned ledgers, shared ledgers and variations thereof. While Bitcoin and Ethereum may be referred to herein for the purpose of convenience and illustration, it should be noted that the disclosure is not limited to use with the Bitcoin or Ethereum blockchains and alternative blockchain implementations and protocols fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

The present disclosure provides an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, manufacture, and use of the systems and methods disclosed herein. One or more examples of the present disclosure are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the systems and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting embodiments. The features illustrated or described in connection with one embodiment may be combined with the features of other embodiments, including as between systems and methods. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.

Additional details are described below with reference to several example embodiments.

FIG. 1 A is a schematic diagram illustrating a system 100 for facilitating a blockchain agnostic NFT transaction between a buyer 114 and a seller 116 in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure. In one embodiment, the system 100 comprises payment service servers 102 , which can comprise one or more computing devices associated with a payment service. While shown as centralized servers, in some examples, the payment service servers 102 can be decentralized. In at least one example, the payment service servers 102 can have one or more functional components that can perform operations as described herein. In at least one example, the payment service servers 102 can include a transfer component 108 and a context component 110 . In at least one example, the transfer component 108 can facilitate data transfers, for example, between computing devices (e.g., 105 , 106 ) and/or blockchains (e.g., 180 , 182 , 184 , 186 ), via one or more networks 112 . As an example, the transfer component 108 can facilitate the transfer of an NFT from the seller 116 to the buyer 114 . As described above, a “transfer” of an NFT can comprise the movement of the NFT between users and/or blockchains, which may or may not involve a purchase or sale (e.g., transfer of funds or other assets). In at least one example, the context component 110 can determine context data, as described below, and can determine one or more optimal blockchains for hosting NFTs, as described below. In some examples, such determinations can be based at least in part on using one or more heuristics. In some examples, such determinations can be based at least in part on using one or more machine-learning mechanisms. Additional details are provided below.

In some examples, the payment service can provide a payment service application 104 to one or more computing devices

105 , 106 . That is, each of the computing devices

105 , 106 can have an instance of the payment service application 104 executing thereon. The payment service application 104 can enable users, such as the buyer 114 and the seller 116 , to access services of the payment service. In some examples, the seller 116 can interact with an instance of the payment service application 104 to generate an NFT, add an NFT to the seller's 116 inventory, offer an NFT for sale, trade, transfer, or the like via an online store or marketplace, or the like. In some examples, the buyer 114 can interact with an instance of the payment service application 104 to purchase, or otherwise acquire, an NFT. An example transaction between the buyer 114 and seller 116 is provided below with reference to FIG. 1 B . While the term “sale” is used throughout, in some examples, “sale” can refer to any transfer of an NFT, whether exchanged for another asset (e.g., fiat currency, cryptocurrency, another NFT, etc.) or not.

In at least one example, the system can comprise one or more blockchains, such as a first blockchain 180 , a second blockchain 182 , a third blockchain 184 , and an Nth blockchain 186 . In at least one example, each of the blockchains can be associated with a blockchain network that can be communicatively coupled to the payment service servers 102 via the network(s) 112 . Blockchain networks, such as those associated with the first blockchain 180 , the second blockchain 182 , the third blockchain 184 , and the Nth blockchain 186 , utilize consensus mechanisms for getting nodes associated therewith to help guarantee that all nodes are synchronized and transactions are legitimate before being added to a blockchain. In one example of “proof of work” consensus mechanisms, transactions written to the blockchain can be “validated.” Nodes in a blockchain network (i.e., “miners”) solve energy-intensive computational problems to validate individual transactions, and invalid transactions are rejected from being added to the blockchain. The first node that receives a new transaction validates it and then, if validated, relays that transaction to the other nodes in the blockchain. Thereafter, the validated transaction can be added to a newly designed block, which is added to the blockchain. As another example, “proof of stake” consensus mechanisms utilize a network of validators who contribute, or “stake,” their own cryptocurrency in exchange for getting to validate new transactions, update blockchains, and earn rewards. When a selected validator has validated a most recent block of transactions associated with a blockchain, other validators can attest that the block is accurate and, when a threshold number of attestations have been made, a cryptocurrency network can update the blockchain.

As described above, in some examples, blockchains can embed data and/or transactions within blocks as they are minted or added to the blockchain. In many blockchains configured for NFT usage, such as with proof-of-work blockchains, adding transactions on the blockchain incurs a fee (which is often called a “gas” fee) which can be paid to the miners operating on the blockchain. These fees are most often paid as portions of the cryptocurrency associated with the blockchain. These fees are eventually transferred to the miners within the blockchain as a form of payment for providing the computational resources of facilitating the blockchain and any associated transactions. In some examples, proof-of-stake systems can use cryptocurrency for rewarding or paying validators. This often requires at least some purchase and/or possession of a cryptocurrency that is usable to add new NFTs (i.e., “mint” an NFT).

Blockchains can be used to implement smart contracts or chaincode (e.g., such as system chaincode available in Hyperledger Fabric 1.0), for example, that execute when certain predetermined conditions are met. Smart contracts are computer programs designed to automate the execution of the terms of a machine-readable contract or agreement. Unlike a traditional contract which would be written in natural language, a smart contract is a machine executable program which comprises rules that can process data and/or inputs to produce one or more results and/or outputs. This automated contract processing can then cause actions to be performed dependent upon those results derived from terms within the smart contract. That is, smart contracts have numerous uses and may require more than one set of inputs to trigger a transaction. Smart contracts may be written in any suitable programming language, such as the programming language “Solidity” on the basis of If-This-Then-That (IFTTT) logic. In at least one example, identifying information of an asset represented by an NFT can be embedded within the smart contract associated with the blockchain on which the NFT is minted.

In at least one example, each blockchain (e.g., the first blockchain 180 , the second blockchain 182 , the third blockchain 184 , and the Nth blockchain 186 ) can be associated with a NFT marketplace operating on a particular standard that may be specific to the particular blockchain. In at least one example, each blockchain (e.g., the first blockchain 180 , the second blockchain 182 , the third blockchain 184 , and the Nth blockchain 186 ) can have a digital wallet (e.g., a first digital wallet 181 , a second digital wallet 183 , a third digital wallet 185 , and an Nth digital wallet 187 ) associated therewith for holding NFTs. For example, the first blockchain 180 may have an embedded NFT marketplace operating on standard A and may be configured to hold an NFT in a first format (e.g., size, type, expiration date, etc.) in a first digital wallet 181 and the second blockchain 182 may have an embedded NFT marketplace operating on standard B and may be configured to hold an NFT in a second format (e.g., size, type, expiration date, etc.) in a second digital wallet 183 . In at least one example, the payment service servers 102 can ensure mobility between the various blockchains (and associated networks). In at least one example, the payment service servers 102 employ any suitable network and/or protocol that enables different blockchains to interoperate, e.g., by minting “mirror” NFTs on different blockchains. For example, a smart contract may be employed to determine whether predetermined conditions, associated with buyer preferences, seller preferences, or the like, are satisfied. In at least one example, the smart contract may be employed in a computer-implemented method for blockchain agnostic exchange, such as disclosed below with regard to FIG. 1 B . In another example, the payment service servers 102 employ any suitable network and/or protocol that executes smart controls to enable different blockchains to interoperate, e.g., by transferring the NFT between blockchains, depending on the context data, e.g., expiration time, user's preferences, user's location (e.g., if it is detected that a user is operating in a wallet on a different blockchain. In yet another example, the payment service servers 102 may receive a transaction to be processed on one blockchain, but route to another or a plurality of blockchains.

Referring to FIG. 1 B , a schematic diagram illustrating a blockchain agnostic transaction in accordance with various embodiments of the disclosure is shown. FIG. 1 B illustrates five

periods

120 , 130 , 140 , 150 , 160 where one or more events occur. However, one or

more periods

120 , 130 , 140 , 150 , 160 may be optional, combined, or omitted. Further these periods may occur in any order, or in parallel. Operations described with respect to FIG. 1 B can be performed by the transfer component 108 and/or the context component 110 , or additional or alternative functional components, as described herein.

In one embodiment, a seller 116 can generate an NFT 170 using payment service servers 102 , as illustrated in the <figure-callout id="120" label="first period" filenames="U

CLAIMS

Claims ( 20 )

What is claimed is:

1. A method implemented at least in part by a computing device, the method comprising:

determining, based at least in part on context data associated with at least one of a user associated with a digital object, a format of the digital object, or a digital asset associated with the digital object, a plurality of blockchains available for creating the digital object;

determining, based at least in part on the context data, to create the digital object on a first blockchain of the plurality of blockchains; and

presenting, via a user interface presented by the computing device, an indication that the digital object was created and stored on the first blockchain.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

listing the digital object for sale although the digital object does not yet exist;

receiving a request to purchase the digital object; and

after receiving the request to purchase the digital object, creating the digital object on the first blockchain.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:

after receiving the request to purchase the digital object, and prior to the creating the digital object, determining that a condition for creating the digital object is satisfied, wherein the condition for creating the digital object is favorable metric for one of a fee, availability of computing resources, or transaction security.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

listing the digital object for sale by a payment service, wherein the listing includes the plurality of blockchains and transaction costs associated with storing the digital object of the plurality of blockchains.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the digital object is stored on a second blockchain while the digital object is listed for sale by the payment service, and the transaction costs include transfer costs of moving the digital object to one of the plurality of blockchains.

6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the payment service utilizes a machine learning model to identify a preferred block chain on which to create the digital object.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital object that is created and stored on the first blockchain is a duplicate of the digital object that is already stored on a prior blockchain.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital object is non-fungible token (NFT).

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital object is stored on the first blockchain in a format particular to the first blockchain.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital object has a format that is agnostic to whether the digital object is stored on the first blockchain or a second blockchain of the plurality of blockchains.

11. A system comprising:

a storage configured to store instructions;

at least one processor configured to execute the instructions and cause the at least one processor to:

determine, based at least in part on context data associated with at least one of a user associated with a digital object, a format of the digital object, or a digital asset associated with the digital object, a plurality of blockchains available for creating the digital object;

determine, based at least in part on the context data, to create the digital object on a first blockchain of the plurality of blockchains; and

present, via a user interface, an indication that the digital object was created and stored on the first blockchain.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the instructions and cause the at least one processor to:

list the digital object for sale although the digital object does not yet exist;

receive a request to purchase the digital object; and

after receiving the request to purchase the digital object, create the digital object on the first blockchain.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the instructions and cause the at least one processor to:

after receiving the request to purchase the digital object, and prior to the creating the digital object, determine that a condition for creating the digital object is satisfied, wherein the condition for creating the digital object is favorable metric for one of a fee, availability of computing resources, or transaction security.

14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to execute the instructions and cause the at least one processor to:

list the digital object for sale by a payment service, wherein the listing includes the plurality of blockchains and transaction costs associated with storing the digital object of the plurality of blockchains.

15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the digital object is stored on a second blockchain while the digital object is listed for sale by the payment service, and the transaction costs include transfer costs of moving the digital object to one of the plurality of blockchains.

16. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed by a computing system, cause the computing system to:

determine, based at least in part on context data associated with at least one of a user associated with a digital object, a format of the digital object, or a digital asset associated with the digital object, a plurality of blockchains available for creating the digital object;

determine, based at least in part on the context data, to create the digital object on a first blockchain of the plurality of blockchains; and

present, via a user interface presented by the computing system, an indication that the digital object was created and stored on the first blockchain.

17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that, when executed by the computing system, cause the computing system to:

list the digital object for sale although the digital object does not yet exist;

receive a request to purchase the digital object; and

after receiving the request to purchase the digital object, create the digital object on the first blockchain.

18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17 , wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that, when executed by the computing system, cause the computing system to:

after receiving the request to purchase the digital object, and prior to the creating the digital object, determine that a condition for creating the digital object is satisfied, wherein the condition for creating the digital object is favorable metric for one of a fee, availability of computing resources, or transaction security.

19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions that, when executed by the computing system, cause the computing system to:

list the digital object for sale by a payment service, wherein the listing includes the plurality of blockchains and transaction costs associated with storing the digital object of the plurality of blockchains.

20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 16 , the digital object is non-fungible token (NFT).

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US20250117795A1

( en )

2025-04-10

US11501297B1

( en )

2022-11-15

US20230334490A1

( en )

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WO2023200840A1

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2023-10-19

US11900373B2

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2024-02-13

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