Google Patentsopen access

Systems and methods for blockchain virtualization and scalability — Cable Television Laboratories, Inc. (US11941588B2)

ABSTRACT

Abstract

A virtualized blockchain forest includes a plurality of individual blockchains. Each individual blockchain of the plurality includes a blockchain height, a genesis block, and at least one additional block. The virtualized blockchain forest further includes a plurality of participating processors that make up a consensus pool, and a blockchain forest height having a time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks among the collective plurality of individual blockchains. The virtualized blockchain forest is configured to aggregate different ones of the plurality of individual blockchains, and is further configured to terminate individual ones of plurality of individual blockchains.

Description

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/376,375, filed Dec. 12, 2016, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/266,592, filed Dec. 12, 2015. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/376,375 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/345,411, filed Nov. 7, 2016, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/252,097, filed Nov. 6, 2015. This application further claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/315,835, filed Mar. 31, 2016. The respective disclosures of all of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

The field of the disclosure relates generally to network transaction security systems, and more particularly, to mechanisms for virtualization and scalability using blockchain technology.

A large amount of transactions performed over a network are not considered to be secure, and conventional transaction security solutions can be extremely complex. Moreover, conventional mechanisms for transaction security that may be considered secure at the present are likely to be considered less secure in the future as new exploitation techniques are discovered. When one security for a transaction has been breached, it can be especially difficult to prove that the transaction itself was compromised, or when the compromise occurred.

Blockchaining technology takes transaction information, encapsulates it in a digital envelope or “block” and then the block is cryptographically added (using cipher chaining techniques) to the end of a chain of other transactions. This cryptographic addition incorporates information from prior blocks on the chain to calculate the digital chain or “hash” for this new block. The calculations for cryptographic addition can vary widely in complexity based on the rules of the blockchain. This complexity is purposeful though, in order to prevent modification of the existing blockchain to which is being added. That is, in order to modify an earlier block in the chain, the entire chain from that point forward would need to be recalculated. It is through this technique that the immutability of the chain, and permanency of its public ledger, is maintained.

The blockchain is a core component of the digital currency bitcoin (sometimes referred to as “crypto-currency”), where the blockchain serves the public ledger for all transactions. Bitcoin transactions allow every compatible client to connect to a network, send transactions to the network, verify the transactions, and compete to create blocks of the blockchain. The bitcoin transaction, however, involve only the exchange of currency between client and the network. Bitcoin transactions to not involve transactions and negotiations between two individual clients directly, and bitcoin clients do not transfer content beyond the currency value itself. Customers and users of media service providers, on the other hand, are increasingly sharing access to media services between each other. A common form of such access sharing is exhibited where two customers and/or users share account credentials (logon IDs and passwords) between one another. In the cable industry, this type of sharing is often referred to as “cord cheating.”

BRIEF SUMMARY

In an aspect, a virtualized blockchain forest includes a plurality of individual blockchains. Each individual blockchain of the plurality includes a blockchain height, a genesis block, and at least one additional block. The virtualized blockchain forest further includes a plurality of participating processors that make up a consensus pool, and a blockchain forest height having a time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks among the collective plurality of individual blockchains. The virtualized blockchain forest is configured to aggregate different ones of the plurality of individual blockchains, and is further configured to terminate individual ones of plurality of individual blockchains.

In another aspect, a method of establishing a lifecycle of a blockchain in a virtualized blockchain forest is provided. The virtualized blockchain forest includes a first processor, an observer node, and a broker node. The method includes steps of initiating a genesis transaction to the first processor, the genesis transaction defined by a set of user-specified requests, creating, by the first processor, a genesis block to instantiate the blockchain, adding, by the first processor, at least one additional block to the blockchain, monitoring, by the observer node, a status of the blockchain, alerting, by the observer node, the broker node of a change in status of the blockchain, and determining, by the broker node, an action on the blockchain based on the alert from the observer node.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the following accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for a content transaction, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an alternative blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a distributed model.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a centralized model.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a linear model.

FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram for an exemplary blockchain implementation for a content transaction, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram illustrating a consumer sharing content utilizing an exemplary blockchain process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram illustrating a consumer purchasing content utilizing an exemplary blockchain process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain process by a content distributor, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain process by a content provider, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a conventional blockchain ecosystem.

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain ecosystem, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary message flow that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 12 .

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a conventional vertical blockchain ecosystem.

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary vertical blockchain ecosystem, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 16 illustrates a transaction table for exemplary transactions performed utilizing the blockchain of the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary flow process implementing the blockchain ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 for the transactions depicted in FIG. 16 .

FIG. 18 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary media content deployment that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 19 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary media content purchase that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 20 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary media content usage that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation having a plurality of participating processors.

FIG. 22 is schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain forest having the plurality of participating processors depicted in FIG. 21 .

FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of the lifecycle of an exemplary blockchain embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain virtualization utilizing a registration architecture.

FIG. 25 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain instantiation process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain join process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain observe process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain termination process, according to an embodiment.

Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings provided herein are meant to illustrate features of embodiments of this disclosure. These features are believed to be applicable in a wide variety of systems including one or more embodiments of this disclosure. As such, the drawings are not meant to include all conventional features known by those of ordinary skill in the art to be required for the practice of the embodiments disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings.

The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.

Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged; such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise.

As used herein, the terms “processor” and “computer” and related terms, e.g., “processing device”, “computing device”, and “controller” are not limited to just those integrated circuits referred to in the art as a computer, but broadly refers to a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and other programmable circuits, and these terms are used interchangeably herein. In the embodiments described herein, memory may include, but is not limited to, a computer-readable medium, such as a random access memory (RAM), and a computer-readable non-volatile medium, such as flash memory. Alternatively, a floppy disk, a compact disc—read only memory (CD-ROM), a magneto-optical disk (MOD), and/or a digital versatile disc (DVD) may also be used. Also, in the embodiments described herein, additional input channels may be, but are not limited to, computer peripherals associated with an operator interface such as a mouse and a keyboard. Alternatively, other computer peripherals may also be used that may include, for example, but not be limited to, a scanner. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, additional output channels may include, but not be limited to, an operator interface monitor.

Further, as used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable, and include any computer program storage in memory for execution by personal computers, workstations, clients, and servers.

As used herein, the term “non-transitory computer-readable media” is intended to be representative of any tangible computer-based device implemented in any method or technology for short-term and long-term storage of information, such as, computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and sub-modules, or other data in any device. Therefore, the methods described herein may be encoded as executable instructions embodied in a tangible, non-transitory, computer readable medium, including, without limitation, a storage device and a memory device. Such instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform at least a portion of the methods described herein. Moreover, as used herein, the term “non-transitory computer-readable media” includes all tangible, computer-readable media, including, without limitation, non-transitory computer storage devices, including, without limitation, volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media such as a firmware, physical and virtual storage, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and any other digital source such as a network or the Internet, as well as yet to be developed digital means, with the sole exception being a transitory, propagating signal.

Furthermore, as used herein, the term “real-time” refers to at least one of the time of occurrence of the associated events, the time of measurement and collection of predetermined data, the time for a computing device (e.g., a processor) to process the data, and the time of a s

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/376,375, filed Dec. 12, 2016, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/266,592, filed Dec. 12, 2015. U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/376,375 is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/345,411, filed Nov. 7, 2016, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/252,097, filed Nov. 6, 2015. This application further claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/315,835, filed Mar. 31, 2016. The respective disclosures of all of these applications are incorporated by reference herein in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

The field of the disclosure relates generally to network transaction security systems, and more particularly, to mechanisms for virtualization and scalability using blockchain technology.

A large amount of transactions performed over a network are not considered to be secure, and conventional transaction security solutions can be extremely complex. Moreover, conventional mechanisms for transaction security that may be considered secure at the present are likely to be considered less secure in the future as new exploitation techniques are discovered. When one security for a transaction has been breached, it can be especially difficult to prove that the transaction itself was compromised, or when the compromise occurred.

Blockchaining technology takes transaction information, encapsulates it in a digital envelope or “block” and then the block is cryptographically added (using cipher chaining techniques) to the end of a chain of other transactions. This cryptographic addition incorporates information from prior blocks on the chain to calculate the digital chain or “hash” for this new block. The calculations for cryptographic addition can vary widely in complexity based on the rules of the blockchain. This complexity is purposeful though, in order to prevent modification of the existing blockchain to which is being added. That is, in order to modify an earlier block in the chain, the entire chain from that point forward would need to be recalculated. It is through this technique that the immutability of the chain, and permanency of its public ledger, is maintained.

The blockchain is a core component of the digital currency bitcoin (sometimes referred to as “crypto-currency”), where the blockchain serves the public ledger for all transactions. Bitcoin transactions allow every compatible client to connect to a network, send transactions to the network, verify the transactions, and compete to create blocks of the blockchain. The bitcoin transaction, however, involve only the exchange of currency between client and the network. Bitcoin transactions to not involve transactions and negotiations between two individual clients directly, and bitcoin clients do not transfer content beyond the currency value itself. Customers and users of media service providers, on the other hand, are increasingly sharing access to media services between each other. A common form of such access sharing is exhibited where two customers and/or users share account credentials (logon IDs and passwords) between one another. In the cable industry, this type of sharing is often referred to as “cord cheating.”

BRIEF SUMMARY

In an aspect, a virtualized blockchain forest includes a plurality of individual blockchains. Each individual blockchain of the plurality includes a blockchain height, a genesis block, and at least one additional block. The virtualized blockchain forest further includes a plurality of participating processors that make up a consensus pool, and a blockchain forest height having a time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks among the collective plurality of individual blockchains. The virtualized blockchain forest is configured to aggregate different ones of the plurality of individual blockchains, and is further configured to terminate individual ones of plurality of individual blockchains.

In another aspect, a method of establishing a lifecycle of a blockchain in a virtualized blockchain forest is provided. The virtualized blockchain forest includes a first processor, an observer node, and a broker node. The method includes steps of initiating a genesis transaction to the first processor, the genesis transaction defined by a set of user-specified requests, creating, by the first processor, a genesis block to instantiate the blockchain, adding, by the first processor, at least one additional block to the blockchain, monitoring, by the observer node, a status of the blockchain, alerting, by the observer node, the broker node of a change in status of the blockchain, and determining, by the broker node, an action on the blockchain based on the alert from the observer node.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the following accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for a content transaction, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an alternative blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a distributed model.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a centralized model.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation for the content transaction depicted in FIGS. 1 and 2 according to a linear model.

FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram for an exemplary blockchain implementation for a content transaction, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram illustrating a consumer sharing content utilizing an exemplary blockchain process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram illustrating a consumer purchasing content utilizing an exemplary blockchain process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain process by a content distributor, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain process by a content provider, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of a conventional blockchain ecosystem.

FIG. 12 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain ecosystem, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary message flow that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 12 .

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a conventional vertical blockchain ecosystem.

FIG. 15 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary vertical blockchain ecosystem, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 16 illustrates a transaction table for exemplary transactions performed utilizing the blockchain of the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary flow process implementing the blockchain ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 for the transactions depicted in FIG. 16 .

FIG. 18 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary media content deployment that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 19 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary media content purchase that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 20 is a sequence diagram illustrating an exemplary media content usage that can be implemented with the ecosystem depicted in FIG. 15 .

FIG. 21 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain implementation having a plurality of participating processors.

FIG. 22 is schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain forest having the plurality of participating processors depicted in FIG. 21 .

FIG. 23 is a schematic illustration of the lifecycle of an exemplary blockchain embodiment.

FIG. 24 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain virtualization utilizing a registration architecture.

FIG. 25 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain instantiation process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 26 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain join process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 27 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain observe process, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 28 is a sequence diagram illustrating an interaction with an exemplary blockchain termination process, according to an embodiment.

Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings provided herein are meant to illustrate features of embodiments of this disclosure. These features are believed to be applicable in a wide variety of systems including one or more embodiments of this disclosure. As such, the drawings are not meant to include all conventional features known by those of ordinary skill in the art to be required for the practice of the embodiments disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following specification and the claims, reference will be made to a number of terms, which shall be defined to have the following meanings.

The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.

Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about,” “approximately,” and “substantially,” are not to be limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Here and throughout the specification and claims, range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged; such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges contained therein unless context or language indicates otherwise.

As used herein, the terms “processor” and “computer” and related terms, e.g., “processing device”, “computing device”, and “controller” are not limited to just those integrated circuits referred to in the art as a computer, but broadly refers to a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and other programmable circuits, and these terms are used interchangeably herein. In the embodiments described herein, memory may include, but is not limited to, a computer-readable medium, such as a random access memory (RAM), and a computer-readable non-volatile medium, such as flash memory. Alternatively, a floppy disk, a compact disc—read only memory (CD-ROM), a magneto-optical disk (MOD), and/or a digital versatile disc (DVD) may also be used. Also, in the embodiments described herein, additional input channels may be, but are not limited to, computer peripherals associated with an operator interface such as a mouse and a keyboard. Alternatively, other computer peripherals may also be used that may include, for example, but not be limited to, a scanner. Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, additional output channels may include, but not be limited to, an operator interface monitor.

Further, as used herein, the terms “software” and “firmware” are interchangeable, and include any computer program storage in memory for execution by personal computers, workstations, clients, and servers.

As used herein, the term “non-transitory computer-readable media” is intended to be representative of any tangible computer-based device implemented in any method or technology for short-term and long-term storage of information, such as, computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules and sub-modules, or other data in any device. Therefore, the methods described herein may be encoded as executable instructions embodied in a tangible, non-transitory, computer readable medium, including, without limitation, a storage device and a memory device. Such instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform at least a portion of the methods described herein. Moreover, as used herein, the term “non-transitory computer-readable media” includes all tangible, computer-readable media, including, without limitation, non-transitory computer storage devices, including, without limitation, volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media such as a firmware, physical and virtual storage, CD-ROMs, DVDs, and any other digital source such as a network or the Internet, as well as yet to be developed digital means, with the sole exception being a transitory, propagating signal.

Furthermore, as used herein, the term “real-time” refers to at least one of the time of occurrence of the associated events, the time of measurement and collection of predetermined data, the time for a computing device (e.g., a processor) to process the data, and the time of a system response to the events and the environment. In the embodiments described herein, these activities and events occur substantially instantaneously.

The present inventors have discovered that blockchaining techniques can be utilized better secure content sharing and transactions between users and customers of a content provider. Although the principles described herein may be applicable to simple currency transactions or negotiations (e.g., bitcoin) between 2 parties, the embodiments described below are even more advantageously applied to transactions where the non-financial content itself is the “currency” of the exchange between customers/users. Such nonfinancial content, for purposes of this discussion, includes, but is not limited to, shared media, software, copyrighted works, licenses, security credentials and other forms of transferable content that are not strictly currency only. Such content is also referred to as “licensed-burdened content,” and/or “valuable encumbered content.” For simplification of discussion of the embodiments described herein, this concept will also be referred to as “Content as Currency,” or CAC.

As described above, blockchaining utilizes cryptographic techniques to create digital ledgers of transactions. According to the systems and methods described herein, the application of blockchaining CAC transactions, and to increase transaction security over networks in general has wide applicability to the cable industry, as well as other networks over which transactions occur. These blockchaining techniques are further useful in measurement and isolation of content and bandwidth piracy. In addition to CAC transactions, the present embodiments also significantly increase transactional security in areas of, without limitation: enhanced content protection, by improving measurability and traceability of how media flows through networks; digital rights management (DRM); secure imaging; distributed denial of service (DDoS) mitigation and/or attacks; scalable Internet of Things (IoT) security solutions; supply chain integrity; device registration, and enhanced DRM and data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS) security; enhanced content protection; connectivity negotiation; dynamic service creation or provisioning; service authentication; virtualization orchestration; and billing transformation.

With respect to CAC transactions in particular, the present embodiments allow the blockchain to be implemented to secure media sharing for customer driven applications. As explained further below, such implementations are applicable to both centralized and decentralized models, and can also be applied to secure hardware/software binding in virtualized environments and virtualization orchestration using secure hardware/software binding.

The present embodiments serve to both incentivize and monetize media sharing in significantly new ways that are not considered by conventional blockchain techniques. The present embodiments are further advantageous over conventional blockchain transactions in that the content itself can function as a currency transaction (CAC). Accordingly, the disclosed blockchain techniques are applied to enable, track, and report content transactions. Subscribers of media services, for example, can receive credits from a content provider for transactions. When such subscribers choose to view or buy content (in the case of media), the subscribers expend credits using a cipher transaction, which records on or more of the time, device ID, user ID, content ID, content license level, and other information related to the transaction and the respective electronic devices utilized to purchase or view the content. The transaction will then be reported by both the service provider and the user's device (hardware or software system) to a blockchain processing system (distributed, centralized, or other) that will add the cipher transaction to a blockchain ledger. Users can thus share content with other subscribers using a similar process. The rate of exchange of credits can vary when sharing according to the service providers marketing goals. Furthermore, the service provider may grant new credits to users who share content.

The value of the blockchain ledger in this CAC transaction environment is significant. The blockchain ledger can be used in reconciliation of content agreements between content providers and service providers. The embodiments herein are therefore further useful for data analytics on viewing practices, distribution patterns, media interest levels, communities of interest, and similar analytics that are applicable to CAC transactions. Under the embodiments herein, a particular subscriber's reputation and/or history can be a factor in granting media credits from a provider. Conversely, subscribers with a negative payment history can be restricted or prevented from receiving or sharing content, and users in communities of interest that have a lower payment probability can be similarly restricted, or alternatively receive fewer credits.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary blockchain system 100 implementing a content transaction between parties. System 100 includes a blockchain 102 , a blockchain processor 104 , a first party 106 (party A), and a second party 108 (party B). In an exemplary embodiment, system 100 further includes a data science subsystem 110 . Data science subsystem 110 is, for example, an external memory device or a decentralized data storage center, as blockchains typically do not store large amounts of data. In the exemplary embodiment, first party 106 is an electronic device that further includes a first memory 112 and a first processor 114 , and second party 108 is also an electronic device that includes a second memory 116 and a second processor 118 .

In operation, system 100 utilizes blockchain 102 and blockchain processor 104 to secure a transaction 120 between first party 106 and second party 108 . In an exemplary embodiment, transaction 120 is a CAC transaction, as described above, and transaction 120 represents a negotiation between first party 106 and a second party 108 which, for example, may involve an offer from one of the parties to the other to deliver content, an acceptance by the other party, and a transfer of consideration therebetween. In the exemplary embodiment, first memory 112 and second memory 116 each are configured to store certificates and other information, including, without limitation, at least one of an envelope ID or transaction ID, a certificate of the respective party A or B, a user ID, a device ID, a media ID or hash, a media uniform resource identifier (URI), timestamps, ratings of the particular party and/or the content to be transferred, terms of agreement between the parties, licenses that may encumber the transferred content, and exchange rate information related to a monetary exchange between parties for the transfer of content.

In further operation, blockchain processor 104 is configured to electronically communicate, for example, over a cable, wired, or wireless electronic network, with respective first and second processors

114 , 118 . In an exemplary embodiment, party A (i.e., first party 106 ) initiates transaction 120 as an offer or invitation to share, sell, or transfer (e.g., by gift, information, or other transfer means) encumbered financial or non-financial content with party B (i.e., second party 108 ). In an alternative embodiment, party B initiates transaction 120 as a request for party A to transfer the encumbered content. In an exemplary embodiment, party B is a subscriber to party A, or vice versa. Alternatively, neither party is a subscriber of the other, but may opt in to transaction 120 upon receiving the initial offer, invitation, or request.

Once transaction 120 is initiated, party A compiles a body of information contained within memory 112 into an envelope, and processor 114 encrypts the envelope, including a media key, with a private key of party A, and submits the encrypted envelope to blockchain processor 104 . In an alternative embodiment, party B also compiles and encrypts a similar envelope from information contained within memory 116 , and processor 118 submits this other encrypted envelope to blockchain processor 104 as well.

In the exemplary embodiment, blockchain 102 and blockchain processor 104 add unique value to the sharing of CAC content between parties A and B over transaction 120 by actively providing the parties a stake in the supply chain. In conventional blockchain transactions involving only currency (e.g., bitcoin), parties A and B would merely be individual endpoints of a financial transaction with blockchain processor 104 . That is, parties A and B would only interact directly blockchain processor 104 in the conventional system, and would not interact with each other, nor would they share encumbered and non-financial CAC content.

According to the exemplary embodiment, in the negotiation of certificates and information, transaction 120 may further include, without limitation, one or more of the following: existing policy terms encumbering, or license rights burdening, the CAC content; active communication between the parties; a transaction scaler or discount (which may apply to special offers are repeated transactions between the parties); a reputation of the parties; and automated policy driven applications that establish boundaries through which the negotiation between the parties can occur.

In an exemplary embodiment, the CAC content may be media content such as a video recording, an audio recording, or other copyrighted or copyrightable work, and the transfer of the CAC content from party A would allow party B the rights to view or otherwise experience the CAC content under the negotiated terms. For transaction 120 , blockchain processor 104 is configured to utilize blockchain 102 to allow party A (the assignor, seller, or transferor) to: (a) confirm the negotiated payment or payment terms from party B; (b) verify that any licenses burdening the transferred CAC content are honored; (c) apply a temporal window within which transaction 120 must be completed or which transferred content may be experienced by party B; and (d) render the transferred CAC content transferable a third party by party B. The immutability of blockchain 102 further renders both transaction 120 and the transferred CAC content resistant to piracy and/or other unauthorized uses.

Additionally, utilization of blockchain 102 for transaction 120 also renders it significantly easier for party B (the buyer or transferee) to: (a) legally receive licensed content; (b) confirm the negotiated payment or payment terms to party A; (c) easily determine how long or how many times the transferred CAC content may be viewed or experienced; and (D) further transfer, sell, or gift the received CAC content to third parties subject to the negotiated terms, licenses, and other nonfinancial content transferred over transaction 120 . According to the advantageous systems and methods disclosed herein, blockchain technology may be implemented such that the transferred CAC content itself is the “currency” verified by the immutable ledger of the blockchain (e.g. blockchain 102 ). In one embodiment, the transaction ID associated with transaction 120 may itself be considered the “coin” of the blockchain.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an alternative blockchain system 200 to implement upon and verify a content transaction between parties. Similar to FIG. 1 , system 200 includes a blockchain 202 , a blockchain processor 204 , a first party 206 (party A), and a second party 208 (party B). In an exemplary embodiment, system 200 further includes a data science subsystem 210 , and first party 206 is an electronic device that further includes a first memory 212 and a first processor 214 , and second party 208 is also an electronic device that includes a second memory 216 and a second processor 218 .

In operation, system 200 utilizes blockchain 202 and blockchain processor 204 to secure a CAC transaction 220 between first party 206 and second party 208 , similar to system 100 ( FIG. 1 ). In the embodiment illustrated, CAC transaction 220 is similar to transaction 120 , depicted in FIG. 1 , and may include all of the parameters and considerations described above. System 200 expands upon system 100 in that it depicts a relationship of CAC transaction 220 between parties A and B, and further consideration of a content owner 222 of a master content 224 that is the subject of transaction 220 , and also the presence of a service provider 226 , which may be a portion of content owner 222 , or a separate entity. In an exemplary embodiment, service provider 226 includes a media storage center 228 , an account database 230 , and a provider memory 232 . Media storage center 228 , account database 230 , and provider memory 232 may all be integrated into the single media storage center 228 , or be separate entities from one another within the control of service provider 228 .

In the exemplary embodiment, provider memory 232 is similar to first memory 212 and second memory 216 , in that provider memory 232 is configured to store certificates and other information, including, without limitation, at least one of an storage provider ID, a device ID, a media ID, a media uniform resource identifier (URI), timestamps, ratings of the parties (the parties are clients or subscribers of service provider 226 ) and/or master content 224 , as well as licenses that may encumber the transferred content. Alternatively, ratings of the parties may be stored within account database 230 , which may also store policy information that may be attached to master content 224 and thereby encumber CAC transaction 220 . Optionally, account database 230 may include a processor (not shown) configured to create one or more accounts for individual clients (e.g., parties A, B) and populate the client credentials within account database 230 .

In an exemplary embodiment, data science subsystem 210 is configured to be in electronic communication with one or more of content owner 222 and service provider 226 . In operation, data science subsystem 210 is further configured to interactively communicate behaviors and/or statistics 234 with content owner 222 . Optionally, data science subsystem 210 may also be configured to interactively communicate exchange rates, behaviors, and/or statistics 236 with service provider 226 .

In further operation, system 200 may function much like system 100 , in that the transaction ID (the “coin”) and an envelope may be created by the initiation of transaction 220 between parties A and B. Alternatively, a media ID 238 (the “coin”) and the envelope may be created by content owner 222 upon providing master content 224 . According to this alternative embodiment, service provider 226 is further configured to provide a registration link 240 to register media ID 238 is a blockchain processor 204 . In an exemplary embodiment, first party 206 further includes a first submission link 242 configured to allow first party 206 to submit transaction 220 to blockchain processor 204 , and second party 208 further includes a second submission link 244 configured to allow second party 208 to also submit transaction 222 blockchain processor 204 .

In the exemplary embodiment depicted in FIG. 2 , for CAC transaction 220 , implementation of blockchain 202 and blockchain processor 204 for system 200 confers upon parties A (assignor/seller) and B (buyer) all of the benefits and advantages realized by implementation of system 100 , depicted in FIG. 1 , above, except for the consideration of transaction 220 specifically including third parties, such as content owner 222 and service provider 226 . System 200 further confers similar benefits specifically on these third parties. For example, utilization of blockchain 102 allows content owner 222 to: (a) confirm the payment or payment terms of its share of CAC transaction 220 that is transferred from party A to party B (or additional parties); (b) verify that any licenses burdening master content 224 are honored in CAC transaction 220 ; (c) apply a temporal window within which transaction 220 must be completed or which master content 224 may be experienced by parties A and/or B; and (d) set the transferability terms of the transferred CAC content. As with system 100 , the immutability of blockchain 202 renders both transaction 220 and the transferred CAC content resistant to piracy and/or other unauthorized uses, which is of particular interest to content owner 222 . Additionally, utilization of blockchain 202 significantly enhances the ability of content owner 222 2 audit the uses of master content 224 and track which parties may be experiencing such content.

Furthermore,, utilization of blockchain 202 for CAC transaction 220 also renders it significantly easier for service provider 226 to: (a) legally receive licensed content from content owner 222 ; (b) confirm the payment or payment terms of its share of CAC transaction 220 that is transferred from party A to party B (or additional parties); (c) easily determine how long or how many times the transferred CAC content has been viewed or experienced; and (D) more easily allow for the transfer, sale, or gifting of the licensed CAC content to additional users, devices, and/or peers, and all subject to the negotiated terms, licenses, and other nonfinancial content transferred over transaction 220 .

Through implementation of blockchain 202 , service provider 226 further gains the benefit of additional control of the distribution of master content 224 , as such content is encumbered and transferred among clients and subscribers of service provider 226 . Service provider 226 can rely on the immutability of blockchain 202 to provide content owner 222 verifiable information regarding the use of master content 224 , but without necessarily having to share statistics regarding individual viewers or users which may be subscribers to service provider 226 . In an exemplary embodiment, service provider 226 may further offer its subscribers, according to the te

CLAIMS

Claims ( 16 )

What is claimed is:

1. A blockchain forest system for a blockchain network including a plurality of processing nodes, comprising:

a plurality of individual blockchains, wherein each individual blockchain of the plurality of individual blockchains (i) is configured to operate independently from one or more other individual blockchains of the plurality of individual blockchains, and (ii) includes a blockchain height defined by a genesis block and at least one additional block;

a blockchain forest width comprising a plurality of participating processors fewer than a number of processing nodes included in the plurality of processing nodes, wherein a number of participating processors defines a forest consensus pool having the blockchain forest width; and

a blockchain forest height comprising a time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks among the collective plurality of individual blockchains,

wherein at least one participating processor of the forest consensus pool is configured to aggregate a particular blockchain of the plurality of individual blockchains with different blockchains of the plurality of individual blockchains to operate concurrently among the forest consensus pool and within the time-sequenced start- to-finish length of blocks,

wherein the at least one participating processor is further configured to delete, from the forest consensus pool, individual ones of plurality of individual blockchains within the time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks, thereby closing an entirety of a deleted individual blockchain to new transactions from the plurality of participating processors upon deletion of the deleted individual blockchain,

wherein each genesis block of the plurality of individual blockchains occurs within the time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks of the blockchain forest height,

wherein the plurality of participating processors in the forest consensus are decoupled from one another,

wherein each participating processor of the forest consensus pool is configured to conform with a common set of predefined security consensus pool characteristics, and wherein the forest consensus pool is configured to (i) receive a genesis transaction for each genesis block as a first submission of a new individual blockchain for participation in the blockchain forest system, (ii) coordinate, through a consensus participation protocol, creation of the new individual blockchain within the blockchain forest system, and (iii) manage continued participation of the new individual blockchain, according the consensus participation protocol, within the blockchain forest height of the blockchain forest system.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one participating processor is configured to implement a registration model.

3. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one participating processor is in operable communication with a first node configured to one or more of (i) maintain a list of nodes in the blockchain forest system, and (ii) represent a discovery protocol.

4. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one participating processor is in operable communication with a broker node configured to perform one or more of (i) processing blockchain instantiation transactions, and (ii) managing or arbitrating the individual blockchains of the collective plurality of individual blockchains.

5. The system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one participating processor is in operable communication with an observer node configured to one or more of maintaining a state of each individual blockchain of the collective plurality of individual blockchains and signal the forest system when one of the individual blockchains changes or is no longer needed.

6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the observer node is further configured to monitor each individual blockchain of the collective plurality of individual blockchains and notify a broker node of a change in status of one or more of the individual blockchains.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one participating processor is configured to implement a consensus model.

8. The system of claim 7 , further comprising a registrar node, a broker node, and an observer node integrated within a single one of the plurality of participating processors.

9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a destruct unit configured to execute a trash operation to erase and/or terminate at least one of the individual blockchains from the forest consensus pool, from the genesis block of the individual blockchain to a last transaction recorded on the individual blockchain, as a trashed blockchain.

10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the destruct unit is further configured to execute an archival subprocess for the trashed blockchain to store the trashed blockchain in an archival storage location.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein the destruct unit is further configured to receive, from the forest consensus pool, confirmation of (i) an evaluation of the trashed blockchain, (ii) a verification of an entirety of the trashed blockchain by computational hashing, and (iii) an agreement as to the final state of the trashed blockchain.

12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the destruct unit is further configured to communicate the archival storage location of the trashed blockchain to all other blockchains of the plurality of individual blockchains in the blockchain forest system.

13. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one participating processor is further configured to instantiate a new blockchain upon receipt of a blockchain request from a user node.

14. The system of claim 1 , wherein the forest consensus pool is configured to allow a requesting processor to join the plurality of participating processors upon request from the requesting processor.

15. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of participating processors is further configured to negotiate the time-sequenced start-to-finish length of blocks for the collective plurality of individual blockchains.

16. The system of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of participating processors is further configured to (i) define a set of security requirements common to the forest consensus pool, and (ii) manage the creation, participation, and termination of an entirety of each individual blockchain of the collective plurality of individual blockchains.

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