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Systems, methods, and devices for secure blockchain transaction and subnetworks — Kelvin Zero Inc. (US20240333500A1)

Kelvin Zero Inc. · Google Patents

Google Patents · Patents · License: Open Access

patent, google patents, intellectual property, US20240333500A1, Kelvin Zero Inc., Philippe Desmarais, en, 2024

ABSTRACT

Abstract

Provided herein is a system, device, method, and subnetwork for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset. The system includes a terminal for generating the blockchain transaction, the terminal configured to operate in a first mode and a second mode, and a switch connector for preventing the terminal from operating in the first mode and the second mode simultaneously. When the terminal is in the first mode, the terminal is connected via a network to a system provider server, the system provider server in communication with a plurality of blockchain devices. When the terminal is in the second mode, the terminal is in communication with a cold storage device. The cold storage device is configured to store a private key for signing the blockchain transaction. The terminal is configured to sign the blockchain transaction on the cold storage device using the private key.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following relates generally to blockchain technologies, and more specifically to computer systems, methods, and devices for making secure blockchain transactions.

INTRODUCTION

As use of blockchain technologies becomes more prevalent, greater attention is brought to computer security issues when dealing with transactions involving blockchain assets. For example, there have been publicized cases of thefts of blockchain assets (e.g., cryptocurrencies) and hacking of servers of blockchain wallet providers and/or exchanges. Fifty one percent (51%) attacks are another threat to the blockchain landscape. As the value and importance of blockchain assets increases and adoption is mainstreamed, individuals or organizations may want to store blockchain assets out of reach of hackers and mitigate the risk of other kind of attacks targeting the blockchain ecosystem itself. Furthermore, as more critical infrastructure systems are looking forward to blockchain usage and implementations, the importance of building this next generation of systems with security in mind can only become a top priority.

Blockchain assets can include any one or more of cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoinâ¢), stocks of a company or shares in any other type of assets, financial products (e.g., bonds, debt securities, options, futures and other derivatives), stored data of various types (i.e. a document, records, logs, etc.), proof of identity, travel or government documents, licenses, and an interest in a smart contractual agreement. These assets are characterized as being transacted using blockchain technologies. Blockchain technologies include a distributed ledger performed by various computers independently checking the integrity of transactions in a decentralized way.

For example, among the various ways of managing blockchain wallets and assets, it is possible to use a âhotâ wallet. A hot wallet is an online portal, typically tied to an account, through which transactions can be initiated and blockchain assets are stored and accessed. Since it is usually a website, it is highly practical. However, convenience and security are often conflictual, as it is the case in this situation. Hence another wallet (usually an electronic file) can be stored on a âcold storageâ which is not online and which is used as a âsafeâ where it is possible to store seldom traded blockchain assets, or blockchain assets that will not be traded in the near future. This cold storage is similar to a safe or a savings account and may offer security parameters.

Since a wallet âcontainingâ blockchain assets (e.g. cryptocurrencies) is a support (which may be physical, digital or otherwise) that stores and allows for the representation of at a minimum one key, managing such a support needs to be done carefully. The process of managing wallets âcontainingâ blockchain assets may include safe storage, encryption, duplication, back-ups, Create-Update-Read-Delete (CRUD) operations, distribution, access, recovery mechanisms, and the like.

Currently, most blockchain technologies are used, accessed, or operated on over a traditional computer or smartphone. This leaves users with a risk from security issues arising from the attack surfaces offered by these devices. The convenience of the different services found on these devices paired with the complexity of properly securing them makes it hard for users to adopt best operation security practices for blockchain technologies. Adding to this is a lack of clear public documentation detailing security features and the process of implementation of such features and most end-users find themselves in a situation where best practices are far from ideal practices.

Furthermore, blockchain assets can be difficult to access since blockchain technologies are complex and difficult to operate in comparison to regular payment or record keeping solutions, for instance. This difficulty in operating the blockchain system can present multiple opportunities to compromise user data. Negative consequences, including loss of the blockchain asset, can result if data is not properly handled and secured.

Currently, a user who wants to trade blockchain assets (e.g., cryptocurrencies or other asset such as digital assets or tangible assets traded on a blockchain without typical tokenization) has two options. The user can trade and store the cryptocurrencies on a web-based exchange or wallet provider and hope that the exchange or wallet provider is not compromised. The user must also avoid the compromising of his own set of credentials accessing the web portal. Otherwise, the user can use a cold storage device or software to store their private keys offline. By storing offline, the user protects itself from hot storage (e.g. web account/servers) compromise. Non-hot storage solutions can be difficult to implement and require considerable effort to set up and execute a trade of a blockchain asset. In some cases, the user can use a combination of the two options.

This approach is not particularly secure since malware can be introduced at multiple stages of the process. Malware can be delivered to the cold storage device, or on other components of the transit path taken by the key; for example, the internet-connected computer used to broadcast the transaction may be a target if that device is used for signing the transaction using the unencrypted (or temporarily decrypted) private key from the cold storage device. This approach also ignores the creation of efficient and reliable back-up strategies and plans, implementation of a recovery solution in case of loss or destruction of all back-up copies kept by the user, and establishment of secure methods for storing and using the recovery solution.

The wallet often takes the form of an encrypted file stored on a cold storage device. When digital assets associated with the stored wallet need to be accessed (for example, to make a transaction), the cold storage device may be connected to an internet-connected computer and/or the wallet is transferred manually to that device. The encrypted wallet file is then decrypted (if encryption is used) and unlocked to be used to sign a transaction that will transfer the digital assets to a specific public address. However, in this scenario the main issue is the cold storage device is connected in some way to a non-cold device, which may be via USB and other unsecure transitory means, and passes on the private key in an unencrypted format for the transaction to be signed before being handed back to that non-cold device. After signing, the unencrypted private key is removed as quickly as possible from the internet-connected device, but code can easily retrieve this content even if left in memory for a few CPU cycles.

Accordingly, there is a need for improved systems, methods, and devices for performing secure blockchain transactions.

SUMMARY

The following relates generally to blockchain technologies, and more specifically to computer systems, methods, and sub-networks for making secure blockchain transactions, while allowing current or future compliance requirements and various policies.

There is provided a system for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset. The system includes a terminal for generating the blockchain transaction. The terminal is configured to operate in a first mode and a second mode. The system includes a switch connector for preventing the terminal from operating in the first mode and the second mode simultaneously. When the terminal is in the first mode, the terminal is connected via a network to a system provider server. The system provider server is in communication with a plurality of blockchain devices. When the terminal is in the second mode, the terminal is in communication with a cold storage device. The cold storage device is configured to store a private key (and derived keys) for signing the blockchain transaction. The terminal is configured to allow the signature of the blockchain transaction on the cold storage device using the appropriate private key.

The switch connector may include a hardware switch.

The switch connector may include a software switch.

The signed transaction may be signed by at least one other party prior to sending the signed blockchain transaction to the blockchain devices.

Other parties may include a system provider.

The system provider server may be in communication with at least one service provider device.

A terminal for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset is provided herein. The terminal includes a processor for generating an unsigned blockchain transaction. The terminal includes a cold storage communication port for transmitting the unsigned blockchain transaction to a cold storage device. The cold storage device stores a private key for signing the unsigned blockchain transaction. The terminal receives a signed blockchain transaction from the cold storage device. The terminal includes a network communication port or mechanism for transmitting the signed blockchain transaction to a system provider server. The system provider server is in communication with a plurality of blockchain devices. The terminal includes a switch connector for selectively disabling either the cold storage communication port or the network communication port such that the private key is not exposed to the network.

The switch connector may include a hardware switch.

The switch connector may include a software switch.

The terminal may be further configured to restrict inbound and outbound communication with the system provider server.

A cold storage device for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset over a network is provided herein. The cold storage device includes a memory storing a cold wallet. The cold wallet includes a private key for signing an unsigned blockchain transaction. The cold storage device includes a communication interface for receiving an unsigned blockchain transaction from a terminal when the terminal disconnected from the network. The communication interface transmits a signed blockchain transaction to the terminal when the terminal is disconnected from the network. The cold storage device includes a processor capable of handling connections to other processors. The processor is configured to generate the signed blockchain transaction by signing the unsigned blockchain transaction using the private key.

The communication interface may use at least one communication mechanism selected from the group consisting of encrypted Bluetooth, near-field communication, Wi-Fi, optical communication, wired communication, and thermal emission.

The processor may be further configured to generate the cold storage wallet.

The processor may be further configured at the generation of the cold storage wallet.

The cold storage wallet may be a hierarchical deterministic wallet.

The cold wallet may be a multi-signature wallet.

The multi-signature wallet may require the signature of at least two parties.

A method of performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset over a communication network is provided herein. The method includes generating an unsigned blockchain transaction using a terminal, the terminal having an online mode and an offline mode. The method includes transmitting, in the offline mode, the unsigned blockchain transaction from the terminal to a cold storage device, the cold storage device storing a private key for signing the unsigned blockchain transaction. The method includes signing the unsigned blockchain transaction on the cold storage device using the private key. The method includes transmitting the signed blockchain transaction from the cold storage device to the terminal. The method includes switching the terminal from the offline mode to the online mode. The method includes transmitting the signed blockchain transaction from the terminal to a system provider server via the communication network while in the online mode. The system provider server is in communication with a plurality of blockchain computers.

The method may include signing the transmitted signed transaction with a second private key according to a multi-signature authentication process.

Signing the transmitted signed transaction may be performed on the system provider server.

The switching may be performed using a switch connector.

Other aspects and features will become apparent, to those ordinarily skilled in the art, upon review of the following description of some exemplary embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings included herewith are for illustrating various examples of articles, methods, and apparatuses of the present specification. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for performing secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a terminal of the system of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 A is a schematic diagram of a system for performing secure transactions of blockchain assets, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 3 B is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 3 A in an offline mode;

FIG. 3 C is a schematic diagram illustrating the system of FIG. 3 A in an online mode;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computer system for performing a secure blockchain transaction

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the set-up method

TECHNICAL FIELD

The following relates generally to blockchain technologies, and more specifically to computer systems, methods, and devices for making secure blockchain transactions.

INTRODUCTION

Accordingly, there is a need for improved systems, methods, and devices for performing secure blockchain transactions.

SUMMARY

The switch connector may include a hardware switch.

The switch connector may include a software switch.

The signed transaction may be signed by at least one other party prior to sending the signed blockchain transaction to the blockchain devices.

Other parties may include a system provider.

The system provider server may be in communication with at least one service provider device.

The switch connector may include a hardware switch.

The switch connector may include a software switch.

The terminal may be further configured to restrict inbound and outbound communication with the system provider server.

The processor may be further configured to generate the cold storage wallet.

The processor may be further configured at the generation of the cold storage wallet.

The cold storage wallet may be a hierarchical deterministic wallet.

The cold wallet may be a multi-signature wallet.

The multi-signature wallet may require the signature of at least two parties.

The method may include signing the transmitted signed transaction with a second private key according to a multi-signature authentication process.

Signing the transmitted signed transaction may be performed on the system provider server.

The switching may be performed using a switch connector.

Other aspects and features will become apparent, to those ordinarily skilled in the art, upon review of the following description of some exemplary embodiments.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings included herewith are for illustrating various examples of articles, methods, and apparatuses of the present specification. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for performing secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a terminal of the system of FIG. 1 ;

FIG. 3 A is a schematic diagram of a system for performing secure transactions of blockchain assets, in accordance with an embodiment;

FIG. 3 B is a schematic diagram of the system of FIG. 3 A in an offline mode;

FIG. 3 C is a schematic diagram illustrating the system of FIG. 3 A in an online mode;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a computer system for performing a secure blockchain transaction

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the set-up method of a system for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a derivation of hierarchical deterministic wallets for use with a system for performing a secure transaction of a digital asset, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 shows a graphical interface of a system for performing secure blockchain transactions, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 9 shows a graphical interface of a system for performing secure blockchain transactions, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 shows a graphical interface of a system for performing secure blockchain transactions, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 11 is a graphical interface of a system for performing secure blockchain transactions, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 12 is a graphical interface of a system for performing secure blockchain transactions, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a graphical interface of a system for performing secure blockchain transactions, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a system for making a secure blockchain transaction according to an existing method;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a subnetwork system for performing a secure blockchain transaction, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a subnetwork system for performing a secure blockchain transaction, according to another embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a variation of a default behaviour for managing operations by the subnetwork system of FIGS. 15 and 16 , according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of another variation of the default behaviour for managing operations by the subnetwork system of FIGS. 15 and 16 including a brokerage, according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various apparatuses or processes will be described below to provide an example of each claimed embodiment. No embodiment described below limits any claimed embodiment and any claimed embodiment may cover processes or apparatuses that differ from those described below. The claimed embodiments are not limited to apparatuses or processes having all of the features of any one apparatus or process described below or to features common to multiple or all of the apparatuses described below.

One or more systems described herein may be implemented in computer programs executing on programmable computers, each comprising at least one processor, a data storage system (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. For example, and without limitation, the programmable computer may be a programmable logic unit, a mainframe computer, server, and personal computer, cloud based program or system, laptop, personal data assistance, cellular telephone, smartphone, tablet device, smart card, banking card or identification card.

Each program is preferably implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming and/or scripting language to communicate with a computer system. However, the programs can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Each such computer program is preferably stored on a storage media or a device readable by a general or special purpose programmable computer for configuring and operating the computer when the storage media or device is read by the computer to perform the procedures described herein.

A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the present invention.

Further, although process steps, method steps, algorithms or the like may be described (in the disclosure and/or in the claims) in a sequential order, such processes, methods and algorithms may be configured to work in alternate orders. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described does not necessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of processes described herein may be performed in any order that is practical. Furthermore, some steps may be performed simultaneously.

When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device/article (whether or not they cooperate) may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein (whether or not they cooperate), it will be readily apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device or article.

The following relates generally to blockchain technologies, and more specifically to computer systems, methods, and devices for making secure, compliant blockchain transactions, while allowing for various external policies and regulations to coexist in the blockchain environment. The present disclosure also relates to subnetworks for the computer systems, methods, and devices for making the secure, compliant blockchain transactions.

The following describes a system for performing secure blockchain transactions/operations. Blockchain operations may include accessing, trading, exchanging, sending, receiving, updating, and using assets managed with blockchain technologies. For example, the system can be used to transact, transfer, and manage a blockchain asset.

Assets managed with blockchain technologies may be referred to throughout the present disclosure as âblockchain assetsâ, âassetsâ, or âdigital assetsâ and are understood to include any asset capable of being managed or transacted using blockchain technologies.

Blockchain assets may include cryptocurrencies (such as Bitcoinâ¢), stocks of a company or shares in any other type of project, financial products (e.g. bonds, debt securities, options, futures and other derivatives), stored data of various types (e.g. a document, records, etc.), or any interest in a smart contractual agreement (âsmart contractâ). The blockchain asset may be a digital asset. The blockchain asset may be a tangible asset that is blockchained without typical tokenization. Blockchain assets are characterized as being transacted using blockchain technologies; that is, using a distributed ledger performed by various computers independently checking the integrity of transactions in a decentralized way.

Blockchain assets are a type of digital asset, including but not limited to cryptocurrencies, and sometimes represent stakes in a particular project or company. The blockchain asset may be a tangible asset that is blockchained without typical tokenization. Others are intended solely as currencies (e.g. Bitcoin) and do not represent a stake in a particular organization. However, unlike traditional assets, blockchain assets are digital, owned solely by the cryptographically allowed signee(s) of a given address, and are immediately transferable, at any time, to other addresses.

A blockchain asset may include a natively digital asset like Bitcoin or a digitized traditional asset like digital gold, a stock or a title, a document or records, logs, or journal and even processes or supply chains; where the record of ownership, permission to use, responsibility or action taken is recorded within a public or permissioned distributed ledger network.

Cryptocurrency may include a subset called Crypto tokens. Tokens may represent an asset or utility. A crypto token may represent other cryptocurrency, like one such token being equal to a given number of bitcoins on a particular blockchain. Crypto tokens are tradable and transferrable among the various participants of the blockchain. Such crypto tokens often serve as the transaction units on the blockchains that are created using the standard templates (e.g. Ethereum network and ERC-20 Tokens) that allows a user to create their own tokens. Such blockchains work on the concept of smart contracts or decentralized applications, where the programmable, self-executing code is used to process and manage the various transactions occurring on the blockchain. Cryptocurrencies and altcoins are specific virtual currencies that have their own dedicated blockchains and are primarily used as a medium for digital payments. Crypto tokens operate on top of a blockchain that acts as a medium for creation and execution of decentralized apps and smart contracts, and the tokens are used to facilitate the transactions.

The blockchain asset may be a document, certificate, record, license, degree, or any data. A blockchain document requires permissions to be viewed, sent, shared, or modified. The permission may be granted via the permissions within a trusted group or by sending the document to a specific address (recipient) that would then obtain the rights to, for example, view it, read it or share it. Also, the blockchain document itself can not be altered without creating a new version on the blockchain, typically attaching the hash of the modified document to prove integrity has been changed.

The systems of the present disclosure may implement and enforce best practices in blockchain Operations Security (âOpSecâ), while making it easier and more convenient for a user compared to typical cold storage methods used by current blockchain users. The systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure may improve ease of use (including ease of access to the assets) and security, making blockchain technologies more accessible to institutions and the non-crypto savvy public, including individuals and enterprises, while surpassing general security measures taken by current blockchain enthusiasts.

Generally, in the systems and methods of the present disclosure, a blockchain transaction is initiated on a terminal. The terminal requests the creation of the blockchain transaction to a system provider server. The request is sent from the terminal to the system provider server via a secure communication channel such as TLS, IPsec, Point-to-Point Tunneling, or the like. The system provider [server] then sends the transaction, in parallel, to the requesting terminal, a service provider server, and a system provider cold storage. An extra step to make the appropriate verifications and apply business logic and/or rules can then be conducted on the Terminal, the cold storage devices of all entities involved, or on all of these components, and eventually approves the transaction by allowing the cold storage devices to sign it.

In some embodiments, this may be abstracted by the service provider playing an intermediary role if such behavior is desired. For example, the end-user may connect, via the terminal, to a service provider server to better integrate with the service/product/solution provided by the service provider. The Service Provider then relays the information via a query or sends the request to the system provider (i.e. using a provided API, proprietary protocol, Remote Procedure Calls or other mechanisms). This process is also conducted via a secure communication channel.

The transaction signing process, including the passing of the unsigned and signed transaction between the terminal and the cold storage typically follows this process.

In one embodiment, the transaction is pulled from the terminal by the cold storage, ensuring the control rests within the most data sensitive device and its owner (the cold storage containing the private keys).

In another embodiment, the terminal temporarily unicasts, multicasts, or broadcasts the unsigned transaction, allowing the cold storage device to capture it on the directive of the user. The exchange may be done via hardware or wired connections, wirelessly, including but not limited to technologies such as, light emitting or optical data transfers, QR/bar code scanning, IR transmission, Radio Frequencies, Electromagnetic emissions, or the like.

The communications between the terminal and the cold storage within enterprise environments or at a service provider facility or system provider facility may use non-physically connected technologies for the passing of the unsigned transaction (inbound data transfer) and a highly secure unidirectional data diode system for the exchange of the partially signed transaction (outbound data transfer). This may advantageously limit the usage of these technologies for potential data exfiltration and other nefarious purposes as well as implement sound and secure, physically proven, one-way transfers, allowing for the implementation of strict data loss prevention policies and protocols. Human intervention may be added in these environments if desired and/or required.

Once the unsigned transaction is sent to the cold storage, the transaction is then reviewed on the device to ensure the validity of the transaction, mitigating data input mistakes and any malicious attempts at manipulating the transaction before it is cryptographically approved.

If satisfied by the transaction details, the end-user device decrypts and unlocks the end-user private key by authenticating the identity of the end user. This may include any combination of a PIN, a passphrase, biometrics data or any other compliant authentication mechanism. This allows the private key to sign the transaction as required, before self-encrypting again as soon as the key is not needed anymore.

The signed transaction is transmitted back to the terminal from the cold storage device. Using the systems of the present disclosure, a private key for signing a transaction is only ever decrypted on the cold storage device in an isolated and secure cryptographic module and is not in contact with anything else. This is a first layer of security of the system.

The present disclosure provides methods for secure blockchain transaction wherein the approval of the signature by each party is based on a set of business logic, compliance standards, protocols and rules.

The present disclosure provides a method a secure blockchain transaction that may mitigate the risk of loss, theft, destruction of an end-user wallet by distributing shares of the secret of the seed to various parties involved in the multi-signature account without the possibility of one party unilaterally taking over. Using the method, the wallet may be effectively recovered and transferred on a new device.

The present disclosure provides a method of secure blockchain transaction that may reduce the risk of accepting transactions with a low confirmation count on the blockchain, which may effectively reduce the time for further usage, with the ability to reprocess the transaction if never accepted on the blockchain network.

The present disclosure provides a method for secure blockchain transaction that may reduce the effects of 51% attacks, allowing for a continuous usage of the blockchain amongst the subnetwork, reconciliating the transactions once the 51% attack is stopped.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , shown therein is a block diagram illustrating a system 10 , in accordance with an embodiment. The system 10 includes a terminal 12 which communicates with a System Provider infrastructure 14 , and/or a service provider infrastructure 16 via a network 20 . The terminal 12 can also communicate with a plurality of cold storage devices 18 . The system provider infrastructure 14 communicates with a plurality of blockchain infrastructure 22 via the network 20 (such as the Internet) or any other network. The network 20 may be a wired or wireless network. The terminal 12 may be a purpose-built machine designed specifically for authenticating an end-user and allowing the end user to initiate secure blockchain transactions. To this end, the terminal 12 plays a role as an interface between the System Provider and a system provider cold storage.

The terminal 12 may act as a multiplexer, router and/or distributor between involved parties.

The terminal 12 , system provider infrastructure 14 , service provider infrastructure 16 , cold storage devices 18 and blockchain infrastructure 22 may be a server computer, desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet, PDA, smartphone, smart card, bank card or another computing device. The

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 may include a connection with the network 20 such as a wired or wireless connection to a network such as the Internet. In some cases, the network 20 may include other types of computer or telecommunication networks. The

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 may include one or more of a memory, a secondary storage device, a processor, an input device, a display device, and an output device. Memory may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), or similar types of memory. Also, memory may store one or more applications for execution by processor. Applications may correspond with software modules comprising computer executable instructions to perform processing for the functions described below. Secondary storage device may include a hard disk drive, solid state drive, floppy disk drive, CD drive, DVD drive, Blu-ray drive, ROM, or other types of non-volatile data storage. Processor may execute applications, computer readable instructions or programs. The applications, computer readable instructions or programs may be stored in memory, in secondary storage, or may be received from the Internet or other network 20 . Input device may include any device for entering information into

device

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 . For example, input device may be a keyboard, key pad, cursor-control device, touch-screen, camera, optical sensors, biometrics readers or sensors, thermal sensors, radio receiver, or microphone. Display device may include any type of device for presenting visual information. For example, display device may be a computer monitor, a flat-screen display, paper thin display, a projector or a display panel. Output device may include any type of device for presenting a hard copy of information, such as a printer for example. Output device may also include other types of output devices such as speakers, for example. In some cases,

device

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 may include multiple of any one or more of processors, applications, software modules, second storage devices, network connections, input devices, output devices, and display devices.

Although

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 are described with various components, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 may in some cases contain fewer, additional or different components. In addition, although aspects of an implementation of the

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 may be described as being stored in memory, one skilled in the art will appreciate that these aspects can also be stored on or read from other types of computer program products or computer-readable media, such as secondary storage devices, including hard disks, floppy disks, CDs, or DVDs; a carrier wave from the Internet or other network; an optical source, microwaves, thermal emissions, electromagnetic emissions or other forms of RAM or ROM. The computer-readable media may include instructions for controlling the

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 and/or processor to perform a particular method.

For any of

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 , the actions or functions performed by the particular device may be broken down and/or distributed across a number of devices. For example, the terminal 12 may include an externally-facing machine, an internally-facing machine, and a machine for performing processing situated between the externally-facing and internally facing machines.

In the description that follows, devices such as terminal 12 , system provider infrastructure 14 , service provider infrastructure 16 , cold storage devices 18 , and blockchain infrastructure 22 are described performing certain acts. It will be appreciated that any one or more of these devices may perform an act automatically or in response to an interaction by a user of that device. That is, the user of the device may manipulate one or more input devices (e.g. a touchscreen, a mouse, or a button) causing the device to perform the described act. In many cases, this aspect may not be described below, but it will be understood.

As an example, it is described below that the

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 may send information to the terminal 12 . For example, a system provider user using the system provider server 14 may manipulate one or more input devices (e.g. a mouse and a keyboard) to interact with a user interface displayed on a display of the system provider server 14 . Generally, the device may receive a user interface from the network 20 (e.g. in the form of a webpage). Alternatively, or in addition, a user interface may be stored locally at a device (e.g. a cache of a webpage, local webserver, a mobile or desktop application).

Terminal 12 may be configured to receive and send a plurality of information, to and from each of the system provider infrastructure 14 , service provider infrastructure 16 , cold storage devices 18 , and blockchain infrastructure 22 . Generally, the information may comprise at least an identifier identifying the system provider, service provider, cold storage, or blockchain infrastructure computer. For example, the information may comprise one or more of a username, e-mail address, password, social media handle, mobile, ESN, IMEI, MEID, transaction ID, account identifier, hardware ID, public key, or other.

In response to receiving information, the terminal 12 may store the information in storage database. The storage may correspond with secondary storage of the

devices

12 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 22 . Generally, the storage database may be any suitable storage device such as a hard disk drive, a solid state drive, a memory card, or a disk (e.g. CD, DVD, or Blu-ray etc.). Also, the storage database may be locally connected with terminal 12 . In some cases, storage database may be located remotely from terminal 12 and accessible to terminal 12 across a network for example. In some cases, storage database may comprise one or more storage devices located at a networked storage location or cloud provider.

The system provider infrastructure 14 may be associated with a system provider account, identifier, certificate, public key, private key. Similarly, the service provider infrastructure 16 may be associated with a service provider account, identifier, certificate, public key, private key, the cold storage device 18 may be associated with a cold storage account, combination of hardware IDs, unique identifier, certificate, public key, private key, and the <figure-callout id="22" label="blockchain infrastructure" filenames="US20240333500A1-20241003-D00001.

CLAIMS

Claims ( 22 )

1 . A system for performing a secure blockchain transaction, the system comprising:

a terminal for generating the blockchain transaction, the terminal configured to operate in a first mode and a second mode; and a switch connector for preventing the terminal from operating in the first mode and the second mode simultaneously; wherein, when the terminal is in the first mode, the terminal is connected via a network to a system provider server, the system provider server in communication with at least one blockchain device; wherein, when the terminal is in the second mode, the terminal is in communication with a cold storage device; wherein the cold storage device is configured to store a private key for signing the blockchain transaction; and wherein the terminal is configured to allow the blockchain transaction to be signed on the cold storage device using the private key.

2 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the switch connector comprises a hardware switch.

3 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the switch connector comprises a software switch.

4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the blockchain transaction is signed by at least two parties prior to sending the signed blockchain transaction to the at least one blockchain device.

5 . The system of claim 4 , wherein the at least one other party includes a system provider.

6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the system provider server is in communication with at least one service provider device.

7 . A terminal for performing a secure blockchain transaction, the terminal comprising:

a processor for generating an unsigned blockchain transaction; a cold storage communication port for transmitting the unsigned blockchain transaction to a cold storage device, wherein the cold storage device stores a private key for signing the unsigned blockchain transaction, and wherein the terminal receives a signed blockchain transaction from the cold storage device; a network communication port for transmitting the signed blockchain transaction to a system provider server over a network, wherein the system provider server is in communication with at least one blockchain device; and a switch connector for selectively disabling either the cold storage communication port or the network communication port such that the private key is not exposed to the network.

8 . The terminal of claim 7 , wherein the switch connector comprises a hardware switch.

9 . The terminal of claim 7 , wherein the switch connector comprises a software switch.

10 . The terminal of claim 7 further configured to restrict inbound and outbound communication with the system provider server.

11 . A cold storage device for performing a secure blockchain transaction of a digital asset over a network, the cold storage device comprising:

a memory storing a private key of at least one cold storage wallet, the private key for signing an unsigned blockchain transaction; a communication interface for receiving an unsigned blockchain transaction from a terminal, the terminal disconnected from the network; and wherein the communication interface transmits a signed blockchain transaction to the terminal, the terminal disconnected from the network; and a connection to a processor configured to sign the unsigned blockchain transaction using the private key.

12 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the communication interface uses at least one communication mechanism selected from the group consisting of encrypted Bluetooth, near-field communication, Wi-Fi, optical communication, wired communication, and thermal emission.

13 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the processor is further configured to generate a key pair of the at least one cold storage wallet.

14 . The device of claim 13 , wherein the at least one cold storage wallet is a hierarchical deterministic wallet.

15 . The device of claim 11 , wherein the at least one cold storage wallet is a multi-signature wallet.

16 . The device of claim 15 , wherein the multi-signature wallet requires a signature from at least two parties.

17 . A method of performing a secure blockchain transaction over a communication network, the method comprising:

generating an unsigned blockchain transaction using a terminal, the terminal having an online mode and an offline mode; transmitting, in the offline mode, the unsigned blockchain transaction from the terminal to a cold storage device, the cold storage device storing a private key for signing the unsigned blockchain transaction; signing the unsigned blockchain transaction on the cold storage device using the private key; transmitting the signed blockchain transaction from the cold storage device to the terminal; switching the terminal from the offline mode to the online mode; and transmitting the signed blockchain transaction from the terminal to a system provider server via the communication network while in the online mode, the system provider server in communication with a plurality of blockchain computers.

18 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising signing the transmitted signed transaction with a second private key according to a multi-signature authentication process.

19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein signing the transmitted signed transaction is performed on the system provider server.

20 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the switching is performed using a switch connector.

21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the switch connector is a hardware switch connector.

22 . The method of claim 20 , wherein the switch connector is a software switch connector.

US18/738,833

2018-05-15

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2020-10-23

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EP3794491C0

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US12010228B2

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CA3098247A1

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SG11202010123UA

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2020-11-27

JP7121810B2

( en )

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US20210083872A1

( en )

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( en )

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JP2021523650A

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2021-09-02

EP3794491A1

( en )

2021-03-24

WO2019218055A1

( en )

2019-11-21

Systems, methods, and devices for secure blockchain transaction and subnetworks — Kelvin Zero Inc. (US20240333500A1)

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