Google Patentsopen access

Convergence layer for 5G communication systems — Apple Inc. (US11233725B2)

ABSTRACT

Abstract

A network device (e.g., an evolved Node B (eNB), user equipment (UE) or the like) can operate to reduce an interruption time during a fallback operation resulting from a communication link blockage condition (e.g., a human blockage or other natural/physical wireless blockage). The network device includes a network convergence protocol (NCP) layer that enables communication between other network devices of different radio access technologies (RATs) in a heterogeneous network.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Phase entry application of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2015/067077 filed on Dec. 21, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 62/195,620 filed on Jul. 22, 2015, entitled “CONVERGENCE LAYER FOR 5G COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS” in the name of Yujian Zhang et al. and is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically, to a convergence protocol layer for wireless communications.

BACKGROUND

The fifth generation of mobile technology (5G) is positioned to address the demands and business contexts of 2020 and beyond. It has potential to enable a fully mobile and connected society and to empower socio-economic transformations in a countless number of ways, many of which are unimagined, including those for productivity, sustainability and well-being.

The new radio access technology (RAT) to be introduced for 5G can be deployed in a high frequency band, e.g. millimeter wave (mmW), ranging from about 30 GHz to about 300 GHz. In high frequency, it is possible that the channel condition between a wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) and a network can drop or lose connection suddenly due to blockage from building, vehicles, human movement, or other conditions. There can be two main types of blockage. One is channel condition or environment changes within a short time interval, which may last for tens of milliseconds. Additionally, human blockage can be another with a duration that can last several hundreds of milliseconds, for example, or more or less. Such long interruption time may cause transmission control protocol (TCP) connection to return to a slow start mode, which reduces the throughput perceived by the user, therefore impacting user throughput and quality of experience (QoE).

In 3GPP radio access network (RAN) long term evolution LTE systems, the node can be a combination of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node Bs (also commonly denoted as evolved Node Bs, enhanced Node Bs, eNodeBs, or eNBs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs), which communicates with the UE. The downlink (DL) transmission can be a communication from the node (e.g., eNB) to the UE, and the uplink (UL) transmission can be a communication from the wireless device to the node. In LTE, data can be transmitted from the eNodeB to the UE via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be used to acknowledge that data was received. Downlink and uplink channels can use time-division duplexing (TDD) or frequency-division duplexing (FDD).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) anchored wireless local area network (WLAN) wireless communications network environment for a UE or eNB according to various embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example network convergence protocol layer architecture applicable to the network environments, network devices (NDs) and processes according to various embodiments being disclosed.

FIG. 3 illustrates a wireless communications network system with one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates another wireless communications network system with one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates another wireless communications network system with one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates another wireless communications network system for one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format for a status report PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 11 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example process flow for an NCP layer according to various embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example user equipment (UE) useable in connection with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an enhanced node B (eNB) or other network device that facilitates bearer splitting according to various aspects described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout, and wherein the illustrated structures and devices are not necessarily drawn to scale. As utilized herein, terms “component,” “system,” “interface,” and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a component can be a processor, a process running on a processor, a controller, a circuit or a circuit element, an object, an executable, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet PC and/or a mobile phone with a processing device. By way of illustration, an application running on a server and the server can also be a component. One or more components can reside within a process, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. A set of elements or a set of other components can be described herein, in which the term “set” can be interpreted as “one or more.”

Further, these components can execute from various computer readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon such as with a module, for example. The components can communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network, such as, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or similar network with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, in which the electric or electronic circuitry can be operated by a software application or a firmware application executed by one or more processors. The one or more processors can be internal or external to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components or elements without mechanical parts; the electronic components can include one or more processors therein to execute software and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, the functionality of the electronic components.

Use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”.

In consideration of the above described deficiencies, various process and network devices are discloses to facilitate packet communications with a network convergence protocol (NCP) layer without having to utilizing bearer switching as a result of a fallback operation or other change from one serving access node (access point or network device (ND)) serving a UE. For example, such fallback operation can include changing the serving node from one radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., an LTE or 5GPP millimeter wave (mmW) to another (e.g., 5G mmW or other RAT) in response to various network conditions (e.g., blockage) that make the fallback target cell more optimal for the UE.

Communication in mmW spectrum has gained an increasing interest for tackling the spectrum crunch problem and meeting the high network capacity demand in 4G and beyond. Considering the channel characteristics of mmW bands, it can be fit into heterogeneous networks (HetNet) for boosting local-area data rate with a booster node together with at least one anchor node, as an anchor-booster based heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with mmW 5G capable booster cells.

In one example, a network device (e.g., an eNB, management entity, UE or any device communicatively coupled to a network) can be communicatively coupled to a multi-radio HetNet of a RAN. The multi-radio HetNet can comprise various multi-radio connections of various RATs, such as 3GPP, LTE, 5G, mmW, legacy 3GPP RATs via one or more NDs. The network device can comprise a NCP layer that operates to reduce interruption time from blockage events by controlling retransmissions, reordering processes, and duplicate elimination/discarding operations in response to fallback operations or processes.

The network device can include a memory with computer-executable components or instructions, and processing circuitry, communicatively coupled to the memory, which facilitates execution of the computer-executable components. The computer-executable components can include a receive logic component that receives, from a first layer (e.g., an upper or lower protocol layer), a first data unit or packet (e.g., a NCP protocol data unit (PDU) or a NCP service data unit (SDU)) that is associated with the NCP layer. The NCP layer can further control data unit/packet flow without bearer switching in response to fallback operations from a network device (e.g., an LTE or 5G anchor node or eNB) of the multi-radio heterogeneous network of the RAN. A control logic component can generate a second data unit associated with the NCP layer based on the first data unit. A transmit logic component can transmit the second data unit to a second layer (e.g., a lower or upper protocol layer) that is different from and opposite in protocol level than the first layer. For example, the upper layer can be an internet protocol (IP) layer and the lower layer a packet data convergence protocol PDCP. Additional aspects and details of the disclosure are further described below with reference to figures.

FIG. 1 illustrates a 3GPP RAN anchor- booster 5G network architectures 100 for LTE-5G aggregation in accordance with various aspects or embodiments being described.

The network architecture 100 can comprise an end-to-end network for cellular communications, including a UE 110 , an eNB 120 , and the following two gateway entities of an evolved packet core (EPC), or other network core, which are examples of network entities and can be extended to other network entities such as for 5G and beyond: a serving gateway (S-GW) 130 and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PDN GW, or P-GW) 140 , as well as other network entities or components, for example. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that an EPC can include other network entities and interfaces not further detailed such as for 5G networks or otherwise.

The UE 110 can communicate with the eNB 120 through an air interface Uu 150 (also referred to as a cellular link), which can comprise a wireless radio communication channel defined in 3GPP standards for long term evolution (LTE) wireless networks. The UE 110 can also operate as a dual connected device or dual radio UE 110 by being communicatively coupled to a 5G interface 196 or one or more other communication links/interfaces on the network concurrently or at the same time.

The S- GW 130 , in communication with the eNB 120 through an interface 160 (e.g., an S1 or other interface), provides a point of interconnect between the wireless radio side and the EPC side of the network architecture 100 , as a co-located or a non-collated eNB 120 , in which “collocated” refers to the LTE AP (e.g., the eNB 120 ) being located in the same network device 199 or component as the 5G ND or AP 180 . The interface 160 can also be connected separately and independently to both the LTE eNB 120 and the 5G AP 180 . Network devices herein can be a gateway support node device, a cellular management entity device, a packet data gateway device, an eNB, for example, as well as other network devices functionally serving network communications for UEs and combinations of these devices communicatively coupled to one another.

The S-<figure-callout id="130" label="GW" filenames="US11233725-20220125-D00001

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a National Phase entry application of International Patent Application No. PCT/US2015/067077 filed on Dec. 21, 2015, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application 62/195,620 filed on Jul. 22, 2015, entitled “CONVERGENCE LAYER FOR 5G COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS” in the name of Yujian Zhang et al. and is hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically, to a convergence protocol layer for wireless communications.

BACKGROUND

The fifth generation of mobile technology (5G) is positioned to address the demands and business contexts of 2020 and beyond. It has potential to enable a fully mobile and connected society and to empower socio-economic transformations in a countless number of ways, many of which are unimagined, including those for productivity, sustainability and well-being.

The new radio access technology (RAT) to be introduced for 5G can be deployed in a high frequency band, e.g. millimeter wave (mmW), ranging from about 30 GHz to about 300 GHz. In high frequency, it is possible that the channel condition between a wireless device (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) and a network can drop or lose connection suddenly due to blockage from building, vehicles, human movement, or other conditions. There can be two main types of blockage. One is channel condition or environment changes within a short time interval, which may last for tens of milliseconds. Additionally, human blockage can be another with a duration that can last several hundreds of milliseconds, for example, or more or less. Such long interruption time may cause transmission control protocol (TCP) connection to return to a slow start mode, which reduces the throughput perceived by the user, therefore impacting user throughput and quality of experience (QoE).

In 3GPP radio access network (RAN) long term evolution LTE systems, the node can be a combination of Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Node Bs (also commonly denoted as evolved Node Bs, enhanced Node Bs, eNodeBs, or eNBs) and Radio Network Controllers (RNCs), which communicates with the UE. The downlink (DL) transmission can be a communication from the node (e.g., eNB) to the UE, and the uplink (UL) transmission can be a communication from the wireless device to the node. In LTE, data can be transmitted from the eNodeB to the UE via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be used to acknowledge that data was received. Downlink and uplink channels can use time-division duplexing (TDD) or frequency-division duplexing (FDD).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) anchored wireless local area network (WLAN) wireless communications network environment for a UE or eNB according to various embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example network convergence protocol layer architecture applicable to the network environments, network devices (NDs) and processes according to various embodiments being disclosed.

FIG. 3 illustrates a wireless communications network system with one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates another wireless communications network system with one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates another wireless communications network system with one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates another wireless communications network system for one or more NDs according to various embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format for a status report PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 11 illustrates another example packet data unit (PDU) format of a PDU according to various embodiments.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example process flow for an NCP layer according to various embodiments.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating an example user equipment (UE) useable in connection with various aspects described herein.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an enhanced node B (eNB) or other network device that facilitates bearer splitting according to various aspects described herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout, and wherein the illustrated structures and devices are not necessarily drawn to scale. As utilized herein, terms “component,” “system,” “interface,” and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, hardware, software (e.g., in execution), and/or firmware. For example, a component can be a processor, a process running on a processor, a controller, a circuit or a circuit element, an object, an executable, a program, a storage device, a computer, a tablet PC and/or a mobile phone with a processing device. By way of illustration, an application running on a server and the server can also be a component. One or more components can reside within a process, and a component can be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers. A set of elements or a set of other components can be described herein, in which the term “set” can be interpreted as “one or more.”

Further, these components can execute from various computer readable storage media having various data structures stored thereon such as with a module, for example. The components can communicate via local and/or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and/or across a network, such as, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, or similar network with other systems via the signal).

As another example, a component can be an apparatus with specific functionality provided by mechanical parts operated by electric or electronic circuitry, in which the electric or electronic circuitry can be operated by a software application or a firmware application executed by one or more processors. The one or more processors can be internal or external to the apparatus and can execute at least a part of the software or firmware application. As yet another example, a component can be an apparatus that provides specific functionality through electronic components or elements without mechanical parts; the electronic components can include one or more processors therein to execute software and/or firmware that confer(s), at least in part, the functionality of the electronic components.

Use of the word exemplary is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion. As used in this application, the term “or” is intended to mean an inclusive “or” rather than an exclusive “or”. That is, unless specified otherwise, or clear from context, “X employs A or B” is intended to mean any of the natural inclusive permutations. That is, if X employs A; X employs B; or X employs both A and B, then “X employs A or B” is satisfied under any of the foregoing instances. In addition, the articles “a” and “an” as used in this application and the appended claims should generally be construed to mean “one or more” unless specified otherwise or clear from context to be directed to a singular form. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “including”, “includes”, “having”, “has”, “with”, or variants thereof are used in either the detailed description and the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising”.

In consideration of the above described deficiencies, various process and network devices are discloses to facilitate packet communications with a network convergence protocol (NCP) layer without having to utilizing bearer switching as a result of a fallback operation or other change from one serving access node (access point or network device (ND)) serving a UE. For example, such fallback operation can include changing the serving node from one radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., an LTE or 5GPP millimeter wave (mmW) to another (e.g., 5G mmW or other RAT) in response to various network conditions (e.g., blockage) that make the fallback target cell more optimal for the UE.

Communication in mmW spectrum has gained an increasing interest for tackling the spectrum crunch problem and meeting the high network capacity demand in 4G and beyond. Considering the channel characteristics of mmW bands, it can be fit into heterogeneous networks (HetNet) for boosting local-area data rate with a booster node together with at least one anchor node, as an anchor-booster based heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with mmW 5G capable booster cells.

In one example, a network device (e.g., an eNB, management entity, UE or any device communicatively coupled to a network) can be communicatively coupled to a multi-radio HetNet of a RAN. The multi-radio HetNet can comprise various multi-radio connections of various RATs, such as 3GPP, LTE, 5G, mmW, legacy 3GPP RATs via one or more NDs. The network device can comprise a NCP layer that operates to reduce interruption time from blockage events by controlling retransmissions, reordering processes, and duplicate elimination/discarding operations in response to fallback operations or processes.

The network device can include a memory with computer-executable components or instructions, and processing circuitry, communicatively coupled to the memory, which facilitates execution of the computer-executable components. The computer-executable components can include a receive logic component that receives, from a first layer (e.g., an upper or lower protocol layer), a first data unit or packet (e.g., a NCP protocol data unit (PDU) or a NCP service data unit (SDU)) that is associated with the NCP layer. The NCP layer can further control data unit/packet flow without bearer switching in response to fallback operations from a network device (e.g., an LTE or 5G anchor node or eNB) of the multi-radio heterogeneous network of the RAN. A control logic component can generate a second data unit associated with the NCP layer based on the first data unit. A transmit logic component can transmit the second data unit to a second layer (e.g., a lower or upper protocol layer) that is different from and opposite in protocol level than the first layer. For example, the upper layer can be an internet protocol (IP) layer and the lower layer a packet data convergence protocol PDCP. Additional aspects and details of the disclosure are further described below with reference to figures.

FIG. 1 illustrates a 3GPP RAN anchor- booster 5G network architectures 100 for LTE-5G aggregation in accordance with various aspects or embodiments being described.

The network architecture 100 can comprise an end-to-end network for cellular communications, including a UE 110 , an eNB 120 , and the following two gateway entities of an evolved packet core (EPC), or other network core, which are examples of network entities and can be extended to other network entities such as for 5G and beyond: a serving gateway (S-GW) 130 and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PDN GW, or P-GW) 140 , as well as other network entities or components, for example. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that an EPC can include other network entities and interfaces not further detailed such as for 5G networks or otherwise.

The UE 110 can communicate with the eNB 120 through an air interface Uu 150 (also referred to as a cellular link), which can comprise a wireless radio communication channel defined in 3GPP standards for long term evolution (LTE) wireless networks. The UE 110 can also operate as a dual connected device or dual radio UE 110 by being communicatively coupled to a 5G interface 196 or one or more other communication links/interfaces on the network concurrently or at the same time.

The S- GW 130 , in communication with the eNB 120 through an interface 160 (e.g., an S1 or other interface), provides a point of interconnect between the wireless radio side and the EPC side of the network architecture 100 , as a co-located or a non-collated eNB 120 , in which “collocated” refers to the LTE AP (e.g., the eNB 120 ) being located in the same network device 199 or component as the 5G ND or AP 180 . The interface 160 can also be connected separately and independently to both the LTE eNB 120 and the 5G AP 180 . Network devices herein can be a gateway support node device, a cellular management entity device, a packet data gateway device, an eNB, for example, as well as other network devices functionally serving network communications for UEs and combinations of these devices communicatively coupled to one another.

The S- GW 130 can comprise the anchor point for the intra-LTE mobility, i.e., in case of a handover between eNBs and between LTE and other 3GPP accesses. The S- GW 130 is logically connected to the other gateway, the P- GW 140 , through an S5/8 interface 170 . 3GPP standards specify separately the S- GW 130 and the P- GW 140 , but in practice, these gateways can be combined as a common network component provided by a network equipment vendor. The P- GW 140 further provides a point of interconnect between the EPC and an external internet protocol (IP) network (not shown). An external IP network is also called a packet data network (PDN). The P- GW 140 can route IP packets to and from PDNs.

In addition to the aforementioned end-to-end cellular network components, FIG. 1 further illustrates that the UE 110 can communicate with the eNB 120 through a 5G AP 180 via an interface 190 , and can be connected to both the 5G AP 180 and the eNB 120 concurrently or simultaneously via interfaces

196 and 150 , respectively. The interface 190 represents the operative network connection and protocols between the UE 110 and its associated LTE cellular base station (BS), the eNB 120 . In other words, the interface 190 can be a logical interface that can be realized by a mmW point-to-point communication link between the UE 110 and the eNB 120 for routing the UE 110 &#39;s cellular traffic (e.g., voice or data) via the 5G AP 180 .

In one embodiment, the 5G AP 180 network device can comprise network convergence protocol (NCP) layer 194 while the UE device 110 can comprise an NCP layer 192 . The NCP layers 194 or 192 can enable packet communications involving packet retransmission, reordering for out-of-sequence occurrences, or duplication removal/discard/elimination processes without having to utilize a different bearer as a result of a fallback operation from the LTE eNB 120 to the 5G AP 180 , or vice versa.

In the 3GPP terminology, a bearer represents a class of traffic having a set of network parameters that establish a specific standard treatment for the traffic or data being communicated on the particular class of traffic (e.g., voice or the like) for one or more UEs or network devices (e.g., eNBs or the like). Bearers can be used to carry user plane traffic (i.e., user data) on an air interface, for example.

Fallback operations with 5G can occur in response to signal blockages, in which shorter wave mmW signals can be more susceptible to. Thus, for longer blockages call drops could occur more frequently. However, the NCP layers 194 or 192 can decrease the amount of interruption experienced by providing a specialized protocol layer in the communication processing that detects such blockages based on one or more criteria including any network condition or measurement related to the frequency band, network device operating (communicating) on the frequency band, or channel conditions, such as a signal strength, a channel quality, a load condition of the ND, or other parameter such as a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), channel state information (CSI), one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) or the like. In response to one or more criteria being satisfied according to a predetermined threshold, for example, a fallback operation can occur where the NCP layer

192 , 194 operates at a receiving side and a transmitting side, either at different NDs (e.g., the UE 110 , the 5G AP 180 , the LTE eNB 120 , or other ND), or within the receive and transmit side circuitry components of each ND. Depending on the deployment environment, LTE eNB

120 and 5G AP 180 new RAT can co-exist. The 3GPP interface can be used as the control and mobility anchor for the 5G link (e.g., 190 or 196 ), which can serve as an additional “carrier” within the 3GPP network and used for data offload. In one aspect, the interface link 198 can be a user plane or control plane protocol.

In one example, the LTE eNB 120 can be configured for coverage (i.e. mobility), while the 5G AP 180 RAT can be used for data offloading (as known as anchor-booster architecture). Other architectures or network configurations can also be envisioned also. For example, both anchor and booster node can be one or more 5G access nodes. For LTE-5G anchor booster architecture the bearer can be mapped to either the LTE eNB 120 or the 5G AP 180 , where fallback to the LTE eNB would utilize explicit radio resource control (RRC) signaling to switch the bearer type, which could incur a long interruption time without the NCP layer

192 or 194 in operation.

Referring briefly to FIG. 2 before returning to FIG. 1 , illustrated is an example network device 200 (e.g., a UE, a eNB of either 5G or LTE, or other ND) comprising a network convergence protocol layer for 5G communication system integration in accordance with various aspects. Embodiments herein relate to the NCP layer 204 to enable blockage issues that can occur in high frequency bands of 5G wireless systems. The NCP layer 204 can control packet retransmission/reordering/duplicate removal processes that result from the fallback between a 5G ND and an LTE ND, for example.

Different link aggregation architectures can be utilized with embodiments herein for enabling different communication links (e.g., 5G or LTE eNB or other communication links associated with different RATs). The TCP/ IP layer 202 comprises a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol layers that is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet, and can be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet). The TCP/ IP layer 202 facilitates communications protocols used to connect network devices on the Internet.

The NCP layer 204 can be utilized to meet demand for faster data rates and prevent the incurrence of long interruption times by blockages occurring over one or more 5G ND 180 . The 5G ND 180 can be used for data offloading in order to alleviate or enable efficient load balancing on the network. By combining multiple channels at different frequencies and even different radio technologies or RATs (e.g., LTE and 5G mmW), the NCP layer 204 can operate on the DL or UL to facilitate traffic operations such as retransmissions, reordering, or duplicate discarding/elimination processes without bearer switching. This can enable fallback to other nodes, such as from the 5G ND 180 to another 5G AP coupled thereat or the LTE ND 120 , for example.

The NCP layer 204 can be added can be added on top of or above one or more packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layers 206 , 206 ′ (lower layer(s)) to perform IP packet retransmissions in either LTE eNB or another 5G node in case of blockage in one 5G node. It should be noted that the NCP layer 204 could also have other names, such as a Hyper Convergence Protocol (HCP), a Node Convergence Protocol (NCP), a Multi-Node Convergence Protocol (MNCP), a Multi-Node Flow Control (MNFC), and is not limited to any one particular name for converging a 5G ND communications with an LTE ND 120 or UE 110 .

The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer(s) 206 , 206 ′ residing below or lower than the NCP layer 204 can be one of the layers of the Radio Traffic Stack in LTE, UMTS and can perform IP header compression and decompression, transfer of user data and maintenance of sequence numbers for Radio Bearers.

The radio link control (RLC) layer(s) 208 , 208 ′ below or lower than the PDCP layer(s) 206 , 206 ′ can handle an automatic repeat request fragmentation protocol used over a wireless air interface. The RLC can detect packet losses and perform various other retransmissions aside from fall back conditions from a 5G node controlled by the NCP layer 204 to bring packet loss down to a low percentage rate, which is suitable for TCP/IP applications.

The physical (PHY) and MAC layers

210 and 214 , corresponding to separate RATs respectively, can operate to provide an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The physical layer translates logical communications requests from the data link layer into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of electronic signals. The MAC sublayer provides addressing and channel access control mechanisms that make it possible for several terminals or network nodes to communicate within a multiple access network that incorporates a shared medium.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a network 300 having various network devices (e.g., a UE, eNB of one or more of LTE/5G RATs). The network device 302 can be a serving node operating as a 5G mmW RAT node for downlinking data to a UE, for example. The network system 300 can utilize the NCP layer 204 for controlling fallback communications without bearer switching from a 5G mmW ND/node toward another 5G ND or LTE ND in response to a blockage being detected. The corresponding receiving side operation is further illustrated in FIG. 4 . Embodiments relate to how the bearer/packet flow handled by 5G node 302 can be enabled to fallback to other nodes (e.g., the in case there is blockage experienced in the 5G ND 302 .

In one aspect, the fallback operation can be performed in various directions such as towards the LTE or 5G ND 200 , which can operate as the anchor node of the network 300 . The fallback could also be performed towards another 5G node/ ND 304 . In this scenario, typically the 5G ND 304 can also be deployed in high frequency bands, and thus can provide similar throughput as 5G ND 302 . The fallback operation could also be performed towards at least one of the LTE or 5G anchor node 200 and another 5G node (e.g., 5G ND 304 ).

In another aspect, the NCP layer 204 could comprise a transmit logic component 306 for transmitting one or more packet or data units to lower layers of the protocol stack. The transmit logic component 306 as well as the NCP layer 204 could reside as part of logic within the protocol stack as well as integrated in the logic circuitry (transceiver, transmitter or receiver circuitry) of a respective network device (e.g., UE, LTE eNB, 5G eNB, or otherwise). At the transmitting side, for example, the transmit logic component 402 , in response to a reception of a NCP service data unit (SDU) from upper layers, process the NCP SDU and submit a resulting NCP layer PDU to a lower layer.

In addition, FIG. 4 illustrates the NCP layer 204 comprising the transmit logic component 306 along with a receive logic component 402 for receiving and passing along packet or data units to upper or lower layers of the protocol stack. The receive logic component 402 can reside or operate at a receiving side, and in response to a reception of the NCP PDU from one or more lower layers, process the NCP PDU and deliver the resulting NCP layer SDU to an upper layer; in which as illustrated in FIG. 2 above, the upper layer 202 can be an Internet Protocol (IP) layer 202 , and the lower layer can be PDCP layer 206 as a layer that resides immediately below the NCP layer 204 .

Referring to FIG. 5 , illustrates one example network system 500 for converging communications across different network device RATs. The network environment 500 comprises an NCP layer component 504 that receives data from various different network devices as data traffic 502 from UEs 520 - 528 , data traffic via interfaces 530 - 540 from one or more APs, eNBs, or other network devices or components of one or more different RATs. Various other architectures can also be envisioned. For example, the NCP layer component 504 can include the TX logic component 306 , and the RX logic component 204 as part of the NCP layer 204 across one or more NDs (e.g., eNBs, UEs or network entities).

The NCP layer component 504 can be a part of the NCP layer 204 or vice versa. The NCP layer component 504 can enable the network environment 500 to be delay aware by detecting blockage at a 5G mmW node (e.g., ND 512 ) and operating retransmission processes/reordering processes/duplication removal process and the like among network devices 512 - 516 and the UEs 520 - 528 as the result of a fallback from a detected blockage. The UE (e.g., 524 or otherwise) or the eNB 514 in connected mode or DL operations with the UE 524 can detect the blockage via a channel quality, SNR, a status report or other measurement or indication. For example, a status report can be sent to the eNB 514 via the UE 524 at regular scheduled intervals, based on an event trigger (e.g., low channel quality, SNR, low power, etc.) or be sent based on upon request from the eNB 514 .

The network devices 512 - 516 can comprise one or more WLAN network devices, eNBs, small cell network devices, routers or other network devices of different RATs configured to communicate with the various UEs 520 - 528 within one or more network zones for communication and managing operations. The network device 512 , for example, can comprise a 5G mmW ND 512 with a base station queue 506 for buffering traffic thereat. The network device 514 , for example, can comprise another 5G mmW ND with a buffer/ queue 508 . Further, another network device 516 can comprise an LTE eNB or hybrid LTE/5G eNB anchor node with a base station queue 510 . Likewise, one or more additional or alternative base station RATs can also be coupled to or comprise the NCP convergence layer 204 with traffic buffers or queues thereat for offloading and downlinking data for traffic flow.

Each UE 520 - 528 can be single or dual connected devices that are communicatively coupled to one or more communication links (e.g., license or unlicensed links) via one or more network devices or nodes (e.g., 5G 512 and eNB 516 , or any other RAT network device) and can also be coupled to or comprise the NCP layer 204 , for example. The network system 500 can include any number of base stations/access points/RATs across which the traffic can be converged for each UE 520 - 528 for fallback operations involving a switch between a 5G ND, an LTE/ 5G node 516 ND and another ND or node. Various processes can be executed by the NCP layer component 504 , which can be located or reside at the eNB (e.g., 516 ) and other devices (e.g., NDs 512 - 514 , and UEs 520 - 528 ) in cellular networks.

In one aspect, to enable dynamic fallback, the UEs 520 - 528 maintain the necessary parts related to the bearer (or IP data flow). For example, when fallback is performed towards the LTE/ 5G anchor node 512 from the 5G node 514 or other 5G ND 512 as a result of a blockage condition, the UE 520 - 528 can maintain or store layer 2 protocols (e.g. PDCP/RLC/MAC) corresponding to the LTE/5G anchor node, as well as layer 2 protocols corresponding to 5G ND 514 .

Similarly, dynamic fallback without bearer mapping or switching can also be facilitated when fallback is performed towards another 5G node 512 from the 5G node 514 or other node. In this scenario, typically the 5G node 512 can also be deployed in high frequency bands, and thus, can provide similar throughput as 5G node 514 on which data was originally being offloaded, for example. The UE (e.g., 520 - 528 ) can thus also keep, maintain or store the layer 2 protocols (e.g. PDCP/RLC/MAC) corresponding to 5G node 514 , as well as layer 2 protocols corresponding to 5G node 512 to which fallback is toward.

In case of a blockage in 5G or at the 5G node (e.g., 5G mmW ND 514 ), when a UE (e.g., any of UEs 520 - 528 ) (as in the above described scenarios as well), in downlink communications, the LTE/ 5G eNB 516 being switched to in fallback can perform retransmission/new transmissions in the LTE part of eNB 516 (or from another 5G RAT node) directly without bearer switching or mapping of a different bearer via the NCP layer 204 . Similarly for UL, a UE (e.g., any UE 520 - 528 ) also can perform retransmission/new transmissions in the LTE part within the same ND 516 (if a hybrid LTE/5G, or to another 5G RAT node) directly without bearer switching. The switching or fallback operations, for example, can also be either downlinked between 5G and LTE, or downlinked between different 5G nodes (e.g., 512 and 512 ). Cross bound/linked on the transmitter side (via transmit logic component 306 ) can also be the receive side (receive logic component 402 ), where all the received packets for retransmission/new transmissions in fallback mode or after fallback can go through the NCP layer 204 .

Referring to FIG. 6 , illustrated is another example of a network system 600 for converging communications across different network device RATs. (e.g., LTE/5G mmW) for retransmissions, reordering and duplication operations during or after a fallback due to blockage conditions. The NCP layer 204 can handle duplication operations or duplicate elimination/discarding operations also, as well as reordering operations where packets are received out of sequence or out of order, for example. The NCP layer 204 or NCP layer component 504 can further include an interface component 608 , a reordering component 610 , a duplication component and a status report component 614 . As discussed above, the NCP layer component 504 can generate packet data based on different RATs, including a 5G millimeter wave RAT. The NCP layer component 504 can further generate a NCP layer PDU in response to receiving a NCP layer service data unit SDU, and in response to receiving the NCP layer PDU generate the NCP layer SDU.

<div

CLAIMS

Claims ( 23 )

What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus for a user equipment (UE) device communicatively coupled to a multi-radio heterogeneous network of a radio access network (RAN) comprising:

a memory that stores computer-executable components; and

a processing circuitry, communicatively coupled to the memory, that facilitates execution of the computer-executable components, the computer-executable components including:

a control logic component comprising a network convergence protocol (NCP) layer component configured to generate packet data based on different radio access technologies, including a 5G millimeter wave RAT, by generating a NCP layer protocol data unit (PDU) in response to receiving a NCP layer service data unit (SDU) of a first RAT, and in response to receiving the NCP layer PDU generate the NCP layer SDU of the first RAT, generating another NCP layer PDU in response to a fallback operation and receiving another NCP layer SDU of a second RAT that is different from the first RAT from a network device, and generate the another NCP layer SDU of the second RAT in response to receiving the another NCP layer PDU and the fallback operation, wherein in response to the fallback operation the control logic component of the NCP layer controls one or more of: retransmissions, reordering processes, or duplicate elimination/discarding operations;

a transmit side logic component configured to provide the NCP layer PDU to a lower protocol layer in response to obtaining the NCP layer SDU from an upper protocol layer; and

a receive side logic component configured to provide the NCP layer SDU to the upper protocol layer in response to obtaining the NCP layer PDU from the lower protocol layer.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the upper protocol layer comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) layer, and the lower protocol layer comprises a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the NCP layer component is further configured to control the fallback operation from an access node, in response to a blockage of the access node, to another access node as a first network device comprising a 5G access node, or to a second network device comprising a long term evolution (LTE) access node, while utilizing a same bearer.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the NCP layer component is further configured to reduce an interruption time during the fallback operation while utilizing a same bearer in the fallback operation without a bearer switching process from a first network device to a second network device, and communicate with the first network device and the second network device via different radio access technologies (RAT) in the multi-radio heterogeneous network of the RAN.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an interface component configured to infer a sequence number from the lower protocol layer, or wherein the NCP layer component is further configured to transmit the sequence number in a NCP layer with at least one of the NCP layer SDU or the NCP layer PDU.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a reordering component configured to generate a reordering process with NCP packets at a NCP layer in response to one or more of the NCP packets that are out-of-sequence or missing before a delivery of the NCP layer SDU to the upper protocol layer; and

a duplication component configured to discard a duplicate NCP packet at the NCP layer before the delivery of the NCP layer SDU to the upper protocol layer.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a status report component configured to generate a status report via a NCP layer as a NCP packet, wherein the status report comprises at least one of a NCP sequence number of a first missing NCP layer SDU (FMS) of a plurality of NCP layer SDUs, a bitmap indicating whether SDUs following the FMS of the plurality of NCP layer SDUs are successfully received, or a field of a NCP layer header indicating whether the NCP packet is a control NCP layer PDU or a data NCP layer PDU.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

one or more antenna ports;

one or more receivers, coupled to the one or more antenna ports and the receive side logic component, configured to receive the NCP layer PDU from the lower protocol layer or the NCP layer SDU from the upper protocol layer; and

one or more transmitters, coupled to the one or more antenna ports and the transmit side logic component, configured to provide the NCP layer SDU to the upper protocol layer or the NCP layer PDU from the lower protocol layer.

9. An apparatus for a base station (BS) communicatively coupled to a multi-radio heterogeneous network of a radio access network (RAN), comprising:

a memory that stores computer-executable components; and

a processing circuitry, communicatively coupled to the memory, that facilitates execution of the computer-executable components, the computer-executable components including:

a receive logic component configured to receive, from a first layer, a first data unit associated with a layer of a protocol stack comprising a network convergence protocol (NCP) layer;

a control logic component, communicatively coupled to the receive logic component, configured to generate a second data unit associated with the NCP layer based on the first data unit, the NCP layer of the protocol stack configured to control a fallback operation from a first access node, in response to a blockage of the first access node, to a second access node that is a different Radio Access Technology (RAT) than a RAT of the first access node, while utilizing a same bearer in the fallback operation, wherein in response to the fallback operation the control logic component of the NCP layer controls one or more of: retransmissions, reordering processes, or duplicate elimination/discarding operations and wherein the NCP layer is above a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the protocol stack; and

a transmit logic component, communicatively coupled to the control logic component, configured to transmit the second data unit to a second layer and further configured to transmit, in the NCP layer, a sequence number and a status report configured to indicate one or more NCP packets that have been successfully received among a plurality of NCP packets, wherein the status report comprises a NCP sequence number of a first missing NCP SDU (FMS), and a bitmap indicating whether SDUs following the FMS are successfully received or not.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the first layer comprises an upper protocol layer comprising an internet protocol (IP) layer, the first data unit comprises a NCP service data unit (SDU), the second layer comprises a lower protocol layer comprises the PDCP layer, and the second data unit comprises a NCP protocol data unit (PDU), or wherein the first layer comprises the lower protocol layer comprising the PDCP layer, the first data unit comprises the NCP PDU, the second layer comprises the upper protocol layer comprising the IP layer, and the second data unit comprises the NCP SDU.

11. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the control logic component is further configured to generate the second data unit based on a reordering process in response to an indication of a missing NCP packet or an out-of-order packet sequence.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the control logic component is further configured to provide a field in a header of the NCP layer that indicates whether an NCP PDU is a control NCP PDU or a data NCP PDU.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the control logic component is further configured to perform a duplicate discard prior to delivery of a NCP service data unit (SDU) to an upper protocol layer.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the control logic component is configured to generate a status report based on NCP packets that have been successively received in a sequence of NCP packets in response to a trigger event that comprises at least one of satisfying a predetermined number of the sequence of NCP packets being received, a period of time elapsing, an amount of packet data being received, or a radio resource control (RRC) signal from an upper protocol layer.

15. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the control logic component is configured to generate a status report based on NCP packets that have been successively received in a sequence of NCP packets in response to a trigger event related to the fallback operation, wherein the trigger event comprises a disruption or blockage of a communication link.

16. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the NCP layer is configured to control packet flow while utilizing the same bearer without a bearer switching process by enabling one or more retransmissions based on the fallback operation resulting from a blockage condition of a 5G mmW RAT communication.

17. A non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, in response to execution, cause a network device comprising one or more processors to perform operations in a multi-radio heterogeneous network of a radio access network (RAN), comprising:

receiving, by a receive logic component of the network device from a first layer, a first data unit associated with a layer of a protocol stack comprising a network convergence protocol (NCP) layer;

generating, by the one or more processors, a second data unit associated with the NCP layer based on the first data unit;

controlling packet communication, via the NCP layer of the protocol stack by the one or more processors, by utilizing a same bearer and without mapping a different bearer in response to a fallback operation from another network device that is communicatively coupled to the NCP layer on the multi-radio heterogeneous network of the RAN and that is a different Radio Access Technology (RAT) than a RAT of the network device, wherein in response to the fallback operation the operations further comprise one or more of:

retransmissions, reordering processes, or duplicate elimination/discarding operations and wherein the NCP layer is above a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer of the protocol stack;

transmitting, by the network device to a second layer, the second data unit associated with the NCP layer; and

transmitting, in the NCP layer, a sequence number and a status report configured to indicate one or more NCP packets that have been successfully received among a plurality of NCP packets, wherein the status report comprises a NCP sequence number of a first missing NCP service data unit (SDU), and a bitmap indicating whether SDUs following the first missing NCP SDU are successfully received or not.

18. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 17 , wherein the first layer comprises an upper protocol layer, the first data unit comprises a NCP service data unit (SDU), the second layer comprises a lower protocol layer, and the second data unit comprises a NCP protocol data unit (PDU), or wherein the first layer comprises the lower protocol layer, the first data unit comprises the NCP PDU, the second layer comprises the upper protocol layer, and the second data unit comprises the NCP SDU.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18 , wherein the upper protocol layer is an internet protocol (IP) layer, and the lower protocol layer is the PDCP layer.

20. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprising:

generating, by the network device, the second data unit based on a reordering process.

21. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprise:

transmitting, by the network device in the NCP layer, one or more of a sequence number or a status report, wherein the status report comprises a NCP sequence number of a first missing NCP SDU (FMS) and a bitmap indicating whether SDUs following the FMS have been successfully received.

22. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprise:

performing a duplicate discard prior to a delivery of the NCP SDU to the upper protocol layer.

23. The non-transitory computer-readable media of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprise:

generating a status report based on NCP packets that have been successively received in a sequence of NCP packets in response to a trigger event related to the fallback operation.

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