ABSTRACT
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state electrochemical cell having a uniformly distributed solid-state electrolyte and methods of fabrication relating thereto. The method may include forming a plurality of apertures within the one or more solid-state electrodes; impregnating the one or more solid-state electrodes with a solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the plurality of apertures and any other void or pores within the one or more electrodes with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution; and heating the one or more electrodes so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit and priority of Chinese Application No. 202011416215.3, filed Dec. 7, 2020. The entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.
INTRODUCTION
This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
Electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries, can be used in a variety of products, including automotive products such as start-stop systems (e.g., 12V start-stop systems), battery-assisted systems (âp BASâ), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (âHEVsâ), and Electric Vehicles (âEVsâ). Typical lithium-ion batteries include two electrodes and an electrolyte component and/or separator. One of the two electrodes can serve as a positive electrode or cathode, and the other electrode can serve as a negative electrode or anode. Lithium-ion batteries may also include various terminal and packaging materials. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries operate by reversibly passing lithium ions back and forth between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. For example, lithium ions may move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode during charging of the battery and in the opposite direction when discharging the battery. A separator and/or electrolyte may be disposed between the negative and positive electrodes. The electrolyte is suitable for conducting lithium ions between the electrodes and, like the two electrodes, may be in a solid form, a liquid form, or a solid-liquid hybrid form. In the instances of solid-state batteries, which include solid-state electrolyte layers disposed between solid-state electrodes, the solid-state electrolyte layer physically separates the solid-state electrodes so that a distinct separator is not required.
Solid-state batteries have advantages over batteries that include a separator and a liquid electrolyte. These advantages can include a longer shelf life with lower self-discharge, simpler thermal management, a reduced need for packaging, and the ability to operate within a wider temperature window. For example, solid-state electrolytes are generally non-volatile and non-flammable, so as to allow cells to be cycled under harsher conditions without experiencing diminished potential or thermal runaway, which can potentially occur with the use of liquid electrolytes. However, solid-state batteries generally experience comparatively low power capabilities. For example, such low power capabilities may be a result of high interfacial resistance caused by limited solid-state contacts between the solid-state active particles and the solid-state electrolyte particles within the electrodes and/or contacts between the solid-state electrolyte particles within the solid-state electrolyte layer. Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop high-performance solid-state battery materials and methods that improve contacts between the solid-state active particles and the solid-state electrolyte particles in the electrodes and/or the contacts between the solid-state electrolyte particles in the solid-state electrolyte layer.
SUMMARY
This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state electrochemical cell having a uniformly distributed solid-state electrolyte and methods of fabrication relating thereto.
In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a solid-state electrochemical cell having one or more solid-state electrodes and a distributed solid-state electrolyte. The method includes forming a plurality of apertures within the one or more solid-state electrodes; impregnating the one or more solid-state electrodes with a solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the plurality of apertures and any other void or pores within the one or more electrodes with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution; and heating the one or more electrodes so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte.
In one aspect, the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution includes one or more solid-state electrolyte materials homogeneously distributed in solution. The one or more solid-state electrolyte materials may include one or more sulfide solid-state electrolytes, halide-based solid-state electrolytes, polymer-based solid-state electrolytes, and combinations thereof.
In one aspect, the one or more sulfide solid-state electrolyte may be selected from the group consisting of: Li 3 PS 4 , Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 4 SnS 4 , 80Li 2 S.20P 2 S 5 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 6 PS 5 Br, Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li 7 P 2 S 8 I, Li 4 PS 4 I, LiIâLi 4 SnS 4 , Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 , Li 10.35 [Sn 0.27 Si 1.08 ]P 1.65 S 12 , and combinations thereof. The one or more halide-based solid-state electrolytes may be selected from the group consisting of: LiI, Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 ZnI 4 , Li 3 OCl, and combinations thereof. The one or more polymer-based solid-state electrolytes may be selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and combinations thereof.
In one aspect, the one or more electrodes may be heated to a temperature greater than or equal to about 50° C. to less than or equal to about 300° C.
In one aspect, the method may further include preparing the one or more electrodes. Preparing the electrodes may include disposing a solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent to a current collector. The solid-state electroactive material layer may include a plurality of solid-state electroactive particles.
In one aspect, the plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the solid-state electroactive material layer and the current collector.
In one aspect, the method may further include forming a solid-state electrolyte layer on an exposed surface of the solid-state electroactive material layer. The solid-state electrolyte layer may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, the plurality of apertures may extend continuously through solid-state electrolyte layer, the solid-state electroactive material layer, and the current collector.
In one aspect, the one or more electrodes may include at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode and the method may further include stacking the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode so as to form the solid-state electrochemical cell. Any void or pore within the solid-state electrochemical cell may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a separator may be disposed between the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode. The separator may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed between the separator and the at least one positive electrode. The solid-state electrolyte layer may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed between the separator and the at least one negative electrode. The solid-state electrolyte layer may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a first solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed adjacent to the at least one positive electrode and a second solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed adjacent to the at least one negative electrode. The first and second solid-state electrolyte layers may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution. The first solid-state electrolyte layer may include a first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles. The second solid-state electrolyte layer may include a second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles. The first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles may be the same or different from the second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles.
In one aspect, the plurality of apertures may include a first plurality of apertures that extends continuously through the first solid-state electrolyte layer and the at least one positive electrode; and a second plurality of apertures that extends continuously through the second solid-state electrolyte layer and the at least one negative electrode.
In one aspect, a separator may be disposed between the first solid-state electrolyte layer and the second solid-state electrolyte layer. The separator may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In various other aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a solid-state electrochemical cell having a distributed solid-state electrolyte. The method may include disposing a first solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent a first current collector so as to form a first electrode, forming a first plurality of apertures within the first electrode, disposing a second solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent a second current collector so as to second electrode, forming a second plurality of apertures within the second electrode, stacking the first and second electrodes so as to form the solid-state electrochemical cell, impregnating the solid-state electrochemical cell with an solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the first and second pluralities of apertures and any other void or pore within the solid-state electrochemical cell with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution, and heating the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte. The first plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the first solid-state electroactive material layer and the first current collector. The second plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the second solid-state electroactive material layer and the second current collector.
In one aspect, one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Each of the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle. The one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may include a first solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the first solid-state electroactive material layer, and a second solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the second solid-state electroactive material layer. The first plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the first solid-state electroactive material layer, the first current collector, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer. The second plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the second solid-state electroactive material layer, the second current collector, and the second solid-state electrolyte layer.
In one aspect, a separator may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The separator may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In various other aspects, the present disclosure provides a solid-state electrochemical cell. The solid-state electrochemical cell may include a solid-state positive electrode, a solid-state negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the solid-state positive electrode and the solid-state negative electrode. The positive electrode may include a positive electroactive material layer disposed adjacent to a positive current collector and a first solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the positive electroactive material layer. A first plurality of apertures may extend continuous through the positive current collector, the positive electroactive material layer, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer. The negative electrode may include a negative electroactive material layer disposed adjacent to a negative current collector and a second solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the negative electroactive material layer. A second plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the negative current collector, the negative electroactive material layer, and the second solid-state electrolyte layer. A sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte may be evenly distributed within the first and second pluralities of apertures, the separator, and any other void within the solid-state electrochemical cell.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 A is a schematic of an example solid-state electrochemical battery cell;
FIGS. 2 A- 2 F are illustrations of an example method for forming an electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example current collector having a plurality of apertures formed therein in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of an example solid-state electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte and including one or more solid-state electrolyte layers and separator in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of another example solid-state electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte and including one or more solid-state electrolyte layers and separator in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an example solid-state electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte and including a separator in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous speci
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit and priority of Chinese Application No. 202011416215.3, filed Dec. 7, 2020. The entire disclosure of the above application is incorporated herein by reference.
INTRODUCTION
This section provides background information related to the present disclosure which is not necessarily prior art.
Electrochemical energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries, can be used in a variety of products, including automotive products such as start-stop systems (e.g., 12V start-stop systems), battery-assisted systems (âp BASâ), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (âHEVsâ), and Electric Vehicles (âEVsâ). Typical lithium-ion batteries include two electrodes and an electrolyte component and/or separator. One of the two electrodes can serve as a positive electrode or cathode, and the other electrode can serve as a negative electrode or anode. Lithium-ion batteries may also include various terminal and packaging materials. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries operate by reversibly passing lithium ions back and forth between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. For example, lithium ions may move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode during charging of the battery and in the opposite direction when discharging the battery. A separator and/or electrolyte may be disposed between the negative and positive electrodes. The electrolyte is suitable for conducting lithium ions between the electrodes and, like the two electrodes, may be in a solid form, a liquid form, or a solid-liquid hybrid form. In the instances of solid-state batteries, which include solid-state electrolyte layers disposed between solid-state electrodes, the solid-state electrolyte layer physically separates the solid-state electrodes so that a distinct separator is not required.
Solid-state batteries have advantages over batteries that include a separator and a liquid electrolyte. These advantages can include a longer shelf life with lower self-discharge, simpler thermal management, a reduced need for packaging, and the ability to operate within a wider temperature window. For example, solid-state electrolytes are generally non-volatile and non-flammable, so as to allow cells to be cycled under harsher conditions without experiencing diminished potential or thermal runaway, which can potentially occur with the use of liquid electrolytes. However, solid-state batteries generally experience comparatively low power capabilities. For example, such low power capabilities may be a result of high interfacial resistance caused by limited solid-state contacts between the solid-state active particles and the solid-state electrolyte particles within the electrodes and/or contacts between the solid-state electrolyte particles within the solid-state electrolyte layer. Accordingly, it would be desirable to develop high-performance solid-state battery materials and methods that improve contacts between the solid-state active particles and the solid-state electrolyte particles in the electrodes and/or the contacts between the solid-state electrolyte particles in the solid-state electrolyte layer.
SUMMARY
This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not a comprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.
The present disclosure relates to a solid-state electrochemical cell having a uniformly distributed solid-state electrolyte and methods of fabrication relating thereto.
In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a solid-state electrochemical cell having one or more solid-state electrodes and a distributed solid-state electrolyte. The method includes forming a plurality of apertures within the one or more solid-state electrodes; impregnating the one or more solid-state electrodes with a solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the plurality of apertures and any other void or pores within the one or more electrodes with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution; and heating the one or more electrodes so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte.
In one aspect, the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution includes one or more solid-state electrolyte materials homogeneously distributed in solution. The one or more solid-state electrolyte materials may include one or more sulfide solid-state electrolytes, halide-based solid-state electrolytes, polymer-based solid-state electrolytes, and combinations thereof.
In one aspect, the one or more sulfide solid-state electrolyte may be selected from the group consisting of: Li 3 PS 4 , Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 4 SnS 4 , 80Li 2 S.20P 2 S 5 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 6 PS 5 Br, Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li 7 P 2 S 8 I, Li 4 PS 4 I, LiIâLi 4 SnS 4 , Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 , Li 10.35 [Sn 0.27 Si 1.08 ]P 1.65 S 12 , and combinations thereof. The one or more halide-based solid-state electrolytes may be selected from the group consisting of: LiI, Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 ZnI 4 , Li 3 OCl, and combinations thereof. The one or more polymer-based solid-state electrolytes may be selected from the group consisting of: polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and combinations thereof.
In one aspect, the one or more electrodes may be heated to a temperature greater than or equal to about 50° C. to less than or equal to about 300° C.
In one aspect, the method may further include preparing the one or more electrodes. Preparing the electrodes may include disposing a solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent to a current collector. The solid-state electroactive material layer may include a plurality of solid-state electroactive particles.
In one aspect, the plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the solid-state electroactive material layer and the current collector.
In one aspect, the method may further include forming a solid-state electrolyte layer on an exposed surface of the solid-state electroactive material layer. The solid-state electrolyte layer may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, the plurality of apertures may extend continuously through solid-state electrolyte layer, the solid-state electroactive material layer, and the current collector.
In one aspect, the one or more electrodes may include at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode and the method may further include stacking the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode so as to form the solid-state electrochemical cell. Any void or pore within the solid-state electrochemical cell may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a separator may be disposed between the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode. The separator may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed between the separator and the at least one positive electrode. The solid-state electrolyte layer may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed between the separator and the at least one negative electrode. The solid-state electrolyte layer may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, a first solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed adjacent to the at least one positive electrode and a second solid-state electrolyte layer may be disposed adjacent to the at least one negative electrode. The first and second solid-state electrolyte layers may also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution. The first solid-state electrolyte layer may include a first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles. The second solid-state electrolyte layer may include a second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles. The first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles may be the same or different from the second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles.
In one aspect, the plurality of apertures may include a first plurality of apertures that extends continuously through the first solid-state electrolyte layer and the at least one positive electrode; and a second plurality of apertures that extends continuously through the second solid-state electrolyte layer and the at least one negative electrode.
In one aspect, a separator may be disposed between the first solid-state electrolyte layer and the second solid-state electrolyte layer. The separator may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In various other aspects, the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a solid-state electrochemical cell having a distributed solid-state electrolyte. The method may include disposing a first solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent a first current collector so as to form a first electrode, forming a first plurality of apertures within the first electrode, disposing a second solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent a second current collector so as to second electrode, forming a second plurality of apertures within the second electrode, stacking the first and second electrodes so as to form the solid-state electrochemical cell, impregnating the solid-state electrochemical cell with an solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the first and second pluralities of apertures and any other void or pore within the solid-state electrochemical cell with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution, and heating the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte. The first plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the first solid-state electroactive material layer and the first current collector. The second plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the second solid-state electroactive material layer and the second current collector.
In one aspect, one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. Each of the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may be formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle. The one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In one aspect, the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers may include a first solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the first solid-state electroactive material layer, and a second solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the second solid-state electroactive material layer. The first plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the first solid-state electroactive material layer, the first current collector, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer. The second plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the second solid-state electroactive material layer, the second current collector, and the second solid-state electrolyte layer.
In one aspect, a separator may be disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The separator may also be impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
In various other aspects, the present disclosure provides a solid-state electrochemical cell. The solid-state electrochemical cell may include a solid-state positive electrode, a solid-state negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the solid-state positive electrode and the solid-state negative electrode. The positive electrode may include a positive electroactive material layer disposed adjacent to a positive current collector and a first solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the positive electroactive material layer. A first plurality of apertures may extend continuous through the positive current collector, the positive electroactive material layer, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer. The negative electrode may include a negative electroactive material layer disposed adjacent to a negative current collector and a second solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the negative electroactive material layer. A second plurality of apertures may extend continuously through the negative current collector, the negative electroactive material layer, and the second solid-state electrolyte layer. A sulfide-based solid-state electrolyte may be evenly distributed within the first and second pluralities of apertures, the separator, and any other void within the solid-state electrochemical cell.
Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. The description and specific examples in this summary are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.
FIG. 1 A is a schematic of an example solid-state electrochemical battery cell;
FIGS. 2 A- 2 F are illustrations of an example method for forming an electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example current collector having a plurality of apertures formed therein in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a schematic of an example solid-state electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte and including one or more solid-state electrolyte layers and separator in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic of another example solid-state electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte and including one or more solid-state electrolyte layers and separator in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic of an example solid-state electrochemical battery cell having a substantially uniform distribution of a solid-state electrolyte and including a separator in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
Corresponding reference numerals indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Example embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough, and will fully convey the scope to those who are skilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth such as examples of specific compositions, components, devices, and methods, to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that example embodiments may be embodied in many different forms and that neither should be construed to limit the scope of the disclosure. In some example embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures, and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms âa,â âan,â and âtheâ may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms âcomprises,â âcomprising,â âincluding,â and âhaving,â are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, elements, compositions, steps, integers, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. Although the open-ended term âcomprising,â is to be understood as a non-restrictive term used to describe and claim various embodiments set forth herein, in certain aspects, the term may alternatively be understood to instead be a more limiting and restrictive term, such as âconsisting ofâ or âconsisting essentially ofâ Thus, for any given embodiment reciting compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps, the present disclosure also specifically includes embodiments consisting of, or consisting essentially of, such recited compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps. In the case of âconsisting of,â the alternative embodiment excludes any additional compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps, while in the case of âconsisting essentially of,â any additional compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps that materially affect the basic and novel characteristics are excluded from such an embodiment, but any compositions, materials, components, elements, features, integers, operations, and/or process steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics can be included in the embodiment.
Any method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of performance. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed, unless otherwise indicated.
When a component, element, or layer is referred to as being âon,â âengaged to,â âconnected to,â or âcoupled toâ another element or layer, it may be directly on, engaged, connected or coupled to the other component, element, or layer, or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being âdirectly on,â âdirectly engaged to,â âdirectly connected to,â or âdirectly coupled toâ another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., âbetweenâ versus âdirectly between,â âadjacentâ versus âdirectly adjacent,â etc.). As used herein, the term âand/orâ includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various steps, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections, these steps, elements, components, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms, unless otherwise indicated. These terms may be only used to distinguish one step, element, component, region, layer or section from another step, element, component, region, layer or section. Terms such as âfirst,â âsecond,â and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first step, element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second step, element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
Spatially or temporally relative terms, such as âbefore,â âafter,â âinner,â âouter,â âbeneath,â âbelow,â âlower,â âabove,â âupper,â and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially or temporally relative terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device or system in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures.
Throughout this disclosure, the numerical values represent approximate measures or limits to ranges to encompass minor deviations from the given values and embodiments having about the value mentioned as well as those having exactly the value mentioned. Other than in the working examples provided at the end of the detailed description, all numerical values of parameters (e.g., of quantities or conditions) in this specification, including the appended claims, are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term âaboutâ whether or not âaboutâ actually appears before the numerical value. âAboutâ indicates that the stated numerical value allows some slight imprecision (with some approach to exactness in the value; approximately or reasonably close to the value; nearly). If the imprecision provided by âaboutâ is not otherwise understood in the art with this ordinary meaning, then âaboutâ as used herein indicates at least variations that may arise from ordinary methods of measuring and using such parameters. For example, âaboutâ may comprise a variation of less than or equal to 5%, optionally less than or equal to 4%, optionally less than or equal to 3%, optionally less than or equal to 2%, optionally less than or equal to 1%, optionally less than or equal to 0.5%, and in certain aspects, optionally less than or equal to 0.1%.
In addition, disclosure of ranges includes disclosure of all values and further divided ranges within the entire range, including endpoints and sub-ranges given for the ranges.
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings.
By way of non-limiting background, a typical solid-state lithium-ion battery (e.g., solid-state electrochemical cell that cycles lithium ions) includes a first solid-state electrode (such as, a positive electrode or cathode) opposing a second solid-state electrode (such as, a negative electrode or anode) and a separator and/or solid-state electrolyte disposed therebetween. Often, in a lithium-ion battery pack, batteries or cells may be electrically connected in a stack or winding configuration to increase overall output. Lithium-ion batteries operate by reversibly passing lithium ions between the first and second solid-state electrodes. For example, lithium ions may move from a positive solid-state electrode to a negative solid-state electrode during charging of the battery, and in the opposite direction when discharging the battery. The solid-state electrolyte is suitable for conducting lithium ions (or sodium ions in the case of sodium-ion batteries, and the like). For example, exemplary and schematic illustration of a all solid-state electrochemical cell (also referred to as a battery) 20 is shown in FIG. 1 .
Such cells are used in vehicle or automotive transportation applications (e.g., motorcycles, boats, tractors, buses, motorcycles, mobile homes, campers, and tanks). However, the current technology may be employed in a wide variety of other industries and applications, including aerospace components, consumer goods, devices, buildings (e.g., houses, offices, sheds, and warehouses), office equipment and furniture, and industrial equipment machinery, agricultural or farm equipment, or heavy machinery, by way of non-limiting example. Further, although the illustrated examples include a single solid-state cathode and a single solid-state anode, the skilled artisan will recognize that the current teaching extend to various other configurations, including those having one or more cathodes and one or more anodes, as well as various current collectors with solid-state electroactive layers disposed on or adjacent to one or more surfaces thereof.
As illustrated in FIG. 1 , the solid-state battery (âSSBâ) 20 includes a solid-state negative electrode 22 (e.g., anode), a solid-state positive electrode 24 (e.g., cathode), and a separator 26 disposed between the two electrodes
22 , 24 . In various aspects, the separator 26 may be a solid-state electrolyte (âSSEâ). For example, as illustrated, the separator 26 may be a solid-state electrolyte comprising a plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 30 that may, in certain aspects, also be present in the negative electrode 22 and/or the positive electrode 24 . The negative solid- state electroactive particles 50 and the positive solid- state electroactive particles 60 can be independently mixed with the second/third plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles
90 , 92 . For example, as illustrated, the negative electrode 22 can include a second plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 90 and/or the positive electrode 24 can include a third plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 92 so as to form a continuous ionic network, which may be a continuous solid-state electrolyte network. The second and third pluralities can be the same or different from the first plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 30 and the second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles can be the same or different from the third plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles.
A negative electrode current collector 32 may be positioned at or near the negative electrode 22 , and a positive electrode current collector 34 may be positioned at or near the positive electrode 24 . The negative electrode current collector 32 may be a metal foil, metal grid or screen, or expanded metal comprising copper or any other appropriate electrically conductive material known to those of skill in the art. The positive electrode current collector 34 may be a metal foil, metal grid or screen, or expanded metal comprising aluminum or any other appropriate electrically conductive material known to those of skill in the art. The negative electrode current collector 32 and the positive electrode current collector 34 respectively collect and move free electrons to and from an external circuit 40 . For example, an interruptible external circuit 40 and a load device 42 may connect the negative electrode 22 (through the negative electrode current collector 32 ) and the positive electrode 24 (through the positive electrode current collector 34 ).
The battery 20 can generate an electric current during discharge by way of reversible electrochemical reactions that occur when the external circuit 40 is closed (to connect the negative electrode 22 and the positive electrode 24 ) and the negative electrode 22 has a lower potential than the positive electrode. The chemical potential difference between the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 22 drives electrons produced by a reaction, for example, the oxidation of intercalated lithium, at the negative electrode 22 through the external circuit 40 towards the positive electrode 24 . Lithium ions that are also produced at the negative electrode 22 are concurrently transferred through the electrolyte 30 contained in the separator 26 towards the positive electrode 24 . The electrons flow through the external circuit 40 and the lithium ions migrate across the separator 26 containing the solid- state electrolyte 30 to form intercalated lithium at the positive electrode 24 . As noted above, electrolyte 30 is typically also present in the negative electrode 22 and positive electrode 24 . The electric current passing through the external circuit 40 can be harnessed and directed through the load device 42 until the lithium in the negative electrode 22 is depleted and the capacity of the battery 20 is diminished.
The battery 20 can be charged or re-energized at any time by connecting an external power source (e.g., charging device) to the lithium ion battery 20 to reverse the electrochemical reactions that occur during battery discharge. The external power source that may be used to charge the battery 20 may vary depending on the size, construction, and particular end-use of the battery 20 . Some notable and exemplary external power sources include, but are not limited to, an AC-DC converter connected to an AC electrical power grid though a wall outlet and a motor vehicle alternator. The connection of the external power source to the battery 20 promotes a reaction, for example, non-spontaneous oxidation of intercalated lithium, at the positive electrode 24 so that electrons and lithium ions are produced. The electrons, which flow back towards the negative electrode 22 through the external circuit 40 , and the lithium ions, which move across the solid- state electrolyte layer 26 back towards the negative electrode 22 , reunite at the negative electrode 22 and replenish it with lithium for consumption during the next battery discharge cycle. As such, a complete discharging event followed by a complete charging event is considered to be a cycle, where lithium ions are cycled between the positive electrode 24 and the negative electrode 22 .
In many lithium-ion battery configurations, each of the negative electrode current collector 32 , negative electrode 22 , separator 26 , positive electrode 24 , and positive electrode current collector 34 are prepared as relatively thin layers (for example, from several microns to a fraction of a millimeter or less in thickness) and assembled in layers connected in electrical parallel arrangement to provide a suitable electrical energy and power package. In various other instances, the battery 20 may include electrodes
22 , 24 connected in series.
The battery 20 may also include a variety of other components that, while not depicted here, are nonetheless known to those of skill in the art. For instance, the battery 20 may include a casing, gaskets, terminal caps, tabs, battery terminals, and any other conventional components or materials that may be situated within the battery 20 , including between or around the negative electrode 22 , the positive electrode 24 , and/or the separator 26 .
As noted above, the size and shape of the battery 20 may vary depending on the particular application for which it is designed. Battery-powered vehicles and hand-held consumer electronic devices, for example, are two examples where the battery 20 would most likely be designed to different size, capacity, and power-output specifications. The battery 20 may also be connected in series or parallel with other similar lithium-ion cells or batteries to produce a greater voltage output, energy, and power if it is required by the load device 42 . Accordingly, the battery 20 can generate electric current to a load device 42 that is part of the external circuit 40 . The load device 42 may be fully or partially powered by the electric current passing through the external circuit 40 when the battery 20 is discharging. While the electrical load device 42 may be any number of known electrically-powered devices, a few specific examples include an electric motor for an electrified vehicle, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a cellular phone, and cordless power tools or appliances. The load device 42 may also be an electricity-generating apparatus that charges the battery 20 for purposes of storing electrical energy.
With renewed reference to FIG. 1 , the solid-state electrolyte layer (e.g., separator) 26 provides electrical separationâpreventing physical contactâbetween the negative electrode 22 (i.e., an anode) and the positive electrode 24 (i.e., a cathode). The solid- state electrolyte layer 26 also provides a minimal resistance path for internal passage of ions. In various aspects, as noted above, the solid- state electrolyte layer 26 may be defined by a (first) plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 30 having an average particle diameter greater than or equal to about 0.01 μm to less than or equal to about 100 μm, and in certain aspects, optionally greater than or equal to about 0.02 μm to less than or equal to about 10 μm.
For example, the solid- state electrolyte layer 26 may be in the form of a layer or a composite that comprises the plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 30 . Though not illustrated, the skilled artisan will recognized that in certain instances, one or more binder particles may be mixed with the solid- state electrolyte particles 30 . For example, in certain aspects the solid- state electrolyte layer 26 may include greater than or equal to about 0 wt. % to less than or equal to about 20 wt. %, and in certain aspects, optionally greater than or equal to about 0.5 wt. % to less than or equal to about 10 wt. % of the one or more binder. The one or more binders may include, for example only, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and lithium polyacrylate (LiPAA).
The solid- state electrolyte layer 26 may be in the form of a layer having a thickness greater than or equal to about 2 μm to less than or equal to about 200 μm, optionally greater than or equal to about 2 μm to less than or equal to about 100 μm, optionally about 40 μm, and in certain aspects, optionally about 20 μm. Such solid-state electrolyte layers 26 may have, as illustrated in FIG. 1 , an interparticle porosity 80 (defined herein as a fraction of the total volume of pores over the total volume of the layer or film being described) between the first plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 30 that is greater than 0 vol. % to less than or equal to about 50 vol. %, greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 50 vol. %, or greater than or equal to about 20 vol. % to less than or equal to about 40 vol. %.
The first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles 30 (as well as the second plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 90 and/or the third plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles 92 ) may comprise one or more solid-state electrolyte materials that are high-temperature (e.g., >150° C.) stable. For example, the first plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 30 may comprise one or more: oxide-based particles (âO-SSEâ), metal-doped or aliovalent-substituted oxide particles, nitride-based particles, hydride-based particles, halide-based particles, borate-based particles, and/or phosphate-based particles, as well as other air-stable particles (such as, for example only, Li 3.88 Sn 0.833 As 0.166 S 4 , LiIâLi 4 SnS 4 , and/or Li 4 SnS 4 ) and/or other oxide ceramic powders (such as SiO 2 , CeO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 ).
In certain variations, the oxide-based particles may comprise one or more garnet ceramics, LISICON-type oxides, NASICON-type oxides, and Perovskite type ceramics. For example, the gamet ceramics may be selected from the group consisting of: Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6.2 Ga 0.3 La 2.95 Rb 0.05 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6.85 La 2.9 Ca 0.1 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 , Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , Li 6.75 La 3 Zr 1.75 Nb 0.25 O 12 , and combinations thereof. The LISICON-type oxides may be selected from the group consisting of Li 2+2x Zn 1âx GeO 4 (where 0<x<1), Li 14 Zn(GeO 4 ) 4 , Li 3+x (P 1âx Si x )O 4 (where 0<x<1), Li 3+x Ge x V 1âx O 4 (where 0<x<1), and combinations thereof. The NASICON-type oxides may be defined by LiMMâ²(PO 4 ) 3 , where M and Mâ² are independently selected from Al, Ge, Ti, Sn, Hf, Zr, and La. For example, in certain variations, the NASICON-type oxides may be selected from the group consisting of: Li 1+x Al x Ge 2âx (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) (where 0â¤xâ¤2), Li 1.4 Al 0.4 Ti 1.6 (PO 4 ) 3 , Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiGeTi(PO 4 ) 3 , LiGe 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , LiHf 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , and combinations thereof. The Perovskite-type ceramics may be selected from the group consisting of: Li 3.3 La 0.53 TiO 3 , LiSr 1.65 Zr 1.3 Ta 1.7 O 9 , Li 2xây Sr 1âx Ta y Zr 1ây O 3 (where x=0.75y and 0.60<y<0.75), Li 3/8 Sr 7/16 Nb 3/4 Zr 1/4 O 3 , Li 3x La (2/3âx) TiO 3 (where 0<x<0.25), and combinations thereof.
In certain variations, the metal-doped or aliovalent-substituted oxide particles may include, for example only, aluminum (Al) or niobium (Nb) doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , antimony (Sb) doped Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , gallium (Ga) substituted Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , chromium (Cr) and/or vanadium (V) substituted LiSn 2 P 3 O 12 , an aluminum (Al) substituted perovskite, aluminum (Al) substituted Li 1+x+y Al x Ti 2âx Si Y P 3ây O 12 (where 0<x<2 and 0<y<3), and combinations thereof.
In certain variations, the nitride-based particles may include, for example only, Li 3 N, Li 7 PN 4 , LiSi 2 N 3 , and combinations thereof, the hydride-based particles may include, for example only, LiBH 4 , LiBH 4 âLiX (where x=Cl, Br, or I), LiNH 2 , Li 2 NH, LiBH 4 âLiNH 2 , Li 3 AlH 6 , and combinations thereof, the halide-based particles may include, for example only, LiI, Li 3 InCl 6 , Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 ZnI 4 , Li 3 OCl, and combinations thereof, the borate-based particles may include, for example only, Li 2 B 4 O 7 , Li 2 OâB 2 O 3 âP 2 O 5 , and combinations thereof, and the phosphate-based particles may include, for example only, Li 3 PO 4 , LiPON (Li 2.88 PO 3.73 N 0.14 ), and combinations thereof.
The negative electrode 22 may be formed from a lithium host material that is capable of functioning as a negative terminal of a lithium-ion battery. For example, in certain variations, the negative electrode 22 may be defined by a plurality of the negative solid- state electroactive particles 50 . In certain instances, as illustrated, the negative electrode 22 is a composite comprising a mixture of the negative solid- state electroactive particles 50 and the second plurality of solid- state electrolyte particles 90 . For example, the negative electrode</figure-cal
CLAIMS
Claims ( 17 )
What is claimed is:
1. A method for preparing a solid-state electrochemical cell having one or more solid-state electrodes and a distributed solid-state electrolyte, the method comprising:
preparing the one or more solid-state electrodes by disposing a solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent to a current collector, the solid-state electroactive material layer comprising a plurality solid-state electroactive particles;
punching a plurality of apertures into the one or more solid-state electrodes, the plurality of apertures extending continuously through the solid-state electroactive material layer and the current collector;
impregnating the one or more solid-state electrodes with a solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the plurality of apertures and any other void or pores within the one or more electrodes with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution; and
heating the one or more electrodes so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution comprises one or more solid-state electrolyte materials homogeneously distributed in solution, wherein the one or more solid-state electrolyte materials comprise one or more sulfide solid-state electrolytes, halide-based solid-state electrolytes, polymer-based solid-state electrolytes, and combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the one or more sulfide solid-state electrolyte is selected from the group consisting of: Li 3 PS 4 , Li 7 P 3 S 11 , Li 4 SnS 4 , 80Li 2 S·20P 2 S 5 , Li 3.25 Ge 0.25 P 0.75 S 4 , Li 6 PS 5 Br, Li 6 PS 5 Cl, Li 7 P 2 S 8 I, Li 4 PS 4 I, LiIâLi 4 SnS 4 , Li 9.54 Si 1.74 P 1.44 S 11.7 Cl 0.3 , Li 10.35 [Sn 0.27 Si 1.08 ]P 1.65 S 12 , and combinations thereof,
wherein the one or more halide-based solid-state electrolytes is selected from the group consisting of LiI, Li 2 CdCl 4 , Li 2 MgCl 4 , Li 2 CdI 4 , Li 2 ZnI 4 , Li 3 OCl, and combinations thereof, and
wherein the one or more polymer-based solid-state electrolytes is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polymethacrylonitrile (PMAN), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and combinations thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes are heated to a temperature greater than or equal to about 50° C. to less than or equal to about 300° C.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises:
forming a solid-state electrolyte layer on an exposed surface of the solid-state electroactive material layer, wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer is formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the plurality of apertures extend continuously through solid-state electrolyte layer, the solid-state electroactive material layer, and the current collector.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more electrodes comprise at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode and the method further comprises stacking the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode so as to form the solid-state electrochemical cell, wherein any void or pore within the solid-state electrochemical cell is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a separator is disposed between the at least one positive electrode and the at least one negative electrode, wherein the separator is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein a solid-state electrolyte layer is disposed between the separator and the at least one positive electrode, wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer is formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein a solid-state electrolyte layer is disposed between the separator and the at least one negative electrode, wherein the solid-state electrolyte layer is formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the solid-state electrolyte layer is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein a first solid-state electrolyte layer is disposed adjacent to the at least one positive electrode and a second solid-state electrolyte layer is disposed adjacent to the at least one negative electrode, and the first and second solid-state electrolyte layers are also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution, and
wherein the first solid-state electrolyte layer comprises a first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles and the second solid-state electrolyte layer comprises a second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles, and the first plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles is the same or different from the second plurality of solid-state electrolyte particles.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the plurality of apertures comprises:
a first plurality of apertures that extends continuously through the first solid-state electrolyte layer and the at least one positive electrode; and
a second plurality of apertures that extends continuously through the second solid-state electrolyte layer and the at least one negative electrode.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein a separator is disposed between the first solid-state electrolyte layer and the second solid-state electrolyte layer, wherein the separator is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
14. A method for preparing a solid-state electrochemical cell having a distributed solid-state electrolyte, the method comprising:
disposing a first solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent a first current collector so as to form a first electrode;
forming a first plurality of apertures within the first electrode, wherein the first plurality of apertures extends continuously through the first solid-state electroactive material layer and the first current collector;
disposing a second solid-state electroactive material layer adjacent a second current collector so as to form a second electrode;
forming a second plurality of apertures within the second electrode, wherein the second plurality of apertures extends continuously through the second solid-state electroactive material layer and the second current collector;
stacking the first and second electrodes so as to form the solid-state electrochemical cell;
impregnating the solid-state electrochemical cell with a solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to fill the first and second pluralities of apertures and any other void or pore within the solid-state electrochemical cell with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution; and
heating the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution so as to solidify the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution and to form the distributed solid-state electrolyte.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein one or more solid-state electrolyte layers are disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein each of the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers is formed by a plurality of solid-state electrolyte particle and the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers are also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the one or more solid-state electrolyte layers comprises:
a first solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the first solid-state electroactive material layer, wherein the first plurality of apertures extends continuously through the first solid-state electroactive material layer, the first current collector, and the first solid-state electrolyte layer; and
a second solid-state electrolyte layer disposed adjacent to an exposed surface of the second solid-state electroactive material layer, wherein the second plurality of apertures extends continuously through the second solid-state electroactive material layer, the second current collector, and the second solid-state electrolyte layer.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein a separator is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the separator is also impregnated with the solid-state electrolyte precursor solution.
US17/543,160
2020-12-07
2021-12-06
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte, and methods of fabrication relating thereto
Active
2041-12-09
US11942620B2
( en )
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number
Priority Date
Filing Date
Title
CN202011416215.3
2020-12-07
CN202011416215.3A
CN114597486A
( en )
2020-12-07
2020-12-07
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte and manufacturing method related thereto
Publications (2)
Publication Number
Publication Date
US20220181598A1
US20220181598A1 ( en )
2022-06-09
US11942620B2
true
US11942620B2 ( en )
2024-03-26
Family
ID=81655161
Family Applications (1)
Application Number
Title
Priority Date
Filing Date
US17/543,160
Active
2041-12-09
US11942620B2
( en )
2020-12-07
2021-12-06
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte, and methods of fabrication relating thereto
Country Status (3)
Country
Link
US
( 1 )
US11942620B2
( en )
CN
( 1 )
CN114597486A
( en )
DE
( 1 )
DE102021114604A1
( en )
Cited By (2)
* Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
US20230147007A1
( en )
*
2019-09-24
2023-05-11
Apple Inc.
Electrodes for increased wettability
US12525601B2
( en )
2021-02-17
2026-01-13
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Bipolar solid-state battery with enhanced interfacial contact
Families Citing this family (16)
* Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
CN114597484A
( en )
2020-12-04
2022-06-07
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
In situ gelling method for fabricating bipolar solid-state batteries
CN114597486A
( en )
2020-12-07
2022-06-07
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte and manufacturing method related thereto
US11735768B2
( en )
2021-02-09
2023-08-22
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Gel electrolyte for solid-state battery
CN115117293A
( en )
2021-03-19
2022-09-27
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Self-heating bipolar solid-state battery
CN115621542A
( en )
2021-07-15
2023-01-17
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Method of making a bipolar solid state battery pack
CN115939504A
( en )
2021-08-13
2023-04-07
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Gel electrolyte system for solid state batteries
CN116487586B
( en )
2022-01-14
2026-03-27
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Electrodes including a polymer binder network with bamboo-type fibers
CN116565472A
( en )
2022-01-28
2023-08-08
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
High Power Gel Assisted Bipolar Solid State Battery Pack
CN116565305A
( en )
2022-01-30
2023-08-08
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
polymer blend gel electrolyte
CN117317351A
( en )
2022-06-21
2023-12-29
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Electrolyte membrane with low interfacial resistance
CN117438545A
( en )
2022-07-12
2024-01-23
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Positively active materials for all-solid-state battery packs
TWI887560B
( en )
*
2022-07-28
2025-06-21
å家ååè½ç§æç 究é¢
Electrolyte assembly, battery structure and their manufacturing method thereof
CN117691048A
( en )
2022-09-02
2024-03-12
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Solvent-free method for forming solid-state electrodes with polymer fiber networks and solid-state electrodes prepared therefrom
CN119944079A
( en )
2023-11-03
2025-05-06
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Wet coating method for making solid-state battery cells using thermoplastic elastomer adhesives
CN118054065B
( en )
*
2024-04-15
2024-07-09
èå·¢è½æºç§æè¡ä»½æéå ¬å¸
Self-supporting all-solid electrolyte membrane and preparation method and application thereof
CN118888835A
( en )
*
2024-08-06
2024-11-01
ä¸å½ç³æ²¹å¤§å¦(åä¸)
Solid electrolyte membrane and preparation method and application thereof
Citations (35)
* Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
JPH1021963A
( en )
1996-07-02
1998-01-23
Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd
Battery and manufacture thereof
JP2000090979A
( en )
1998-09-16
2000-03-31
Toshiba Corp
Sealed battery
US20010038944A1
( en )
2000-03-03
2001-11-08
Hack Martinus Jacobus Johannes
Method of manufacturing a lithium battery
US20010041289A1
( en )
2000-02-29
2001-11-15
Hikmet Rifat Ata Mustafa
Lithium battery
WO2002103835A1
( en )
2001-06-20
2002-12-27
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Method of manufacturing a lithium battery as well as a lithium battery
US20120077095A1
( en )
2010-09-09
2012-03-29
Roumi Farshid
Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems and Methods
JP2012195182A
( en )
2011-03-17
2012-10-11
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Lithium secondary battery electrode and lithium secondary battery including the electrode
US20150056520A1
( en )
*
2012-03-01
2015-02-26
Johnson Ip Holding, Llc
Impregnated sintered solid state composite electrode, solid state battery, and methods of preparation
JP2015195144A
( en )
2014-03-31
2015-11-05
ç©æ°´åå¦å·¥æ¥æ ªå¼ä¼ç¤¾
Electrode manufacturing method, lithium ion secondary battery manufacturing method, and lithium ion secondary battery
KR20150143365A
( en )
2014-06-13
2015-12-23
주ìíì¬ ìì§íí
All solid battery and preparation method thereof
US20160118197A1
( en )
2014-10-28
2016-04-28
Apaq Technology Co., Ltd.
Method for making solid electrolytic capacitor package structure with improved conductive terminals
US20180254508A1
( en )
*
2015-08-28
2018-09-06
Jenax Inc.
Secondary battery and method of manufacturing therefor
US20190181492A1
( en )
2017-12-07
2019-06-13
Enevate Corporation
Sandwich electrodes and methods of making the same
US20200036036A1
( en )
2016-11-22
2020-01-30
Calsonic Kansei Corporation
Method for bonding solid electrolyte layer and electrodes, method for manufacturing fuel cell, and fuel cell
KR20200050627A
( en )
2018-11-02
2020-05-12
íêµìëì§ê¸°ì ì°êµ¬ì
Composite Electrode Including Gel-Type Polymer Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Battery, Method Of Manufacturing The Same, And All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Comprising The Same
US10714756B2
( en )
2016-11-11
2020-07-14
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Metal deposition methods for forming bimetallic structures, batteries incorporating bipolar current collectors made therefrom, and applications thereof
US20200403267A1
( en )
2019-06-20
2020-12-24
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
High-voltage solid-state lithium-ion battery with rational electrode-electrolyte combinations
US20210020929A1
( en )
2019-07-17
2021-01-21
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state electrodes and methods for making the same
US20210028481A1
( en )
2019-07-26
2021-01-28
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Capacitor assisted bipolar battery
US20210050157A1
( en )
2019-08-15
2021-02-18
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Hybrid electrode materials for bipolar capacitor-assisted solid-state batteries
US20210050596A1
( en )
2019-08-16
2021-02-18
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery having an electrode comprising of an electronically conductive polymer
US20210057776A1
( en )
2019-08-20
2021-02-25
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery with solid electrolyte surface topography design
US20210111426A1
( en )
2019-10-15
2021-04-15
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state electrolytes and methods for making the same
US20210135224A1
( en )
2019-11-01
2021-05-06
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Capacitor-assisted electrochemical devices having hybrid structures
US11121375B2
( en )
2018-10-15
2021-09-14
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state electrodes with non-carbon electronic conductive additives
US11145922B2
( en )
2019-07-16
2021-10-12
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery having a capacitor-assisted interlayer
US11205798B2
( en )
2018-07-30
2021-12-21
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Capacitor-assisted solid-state battery
US11217826B2
( en )
2019-07-29
2022-01-04
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Methods of making sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery
US20220140422A1
( en )
2020-10-30
2022-05-05
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery having a hybrid capacitor material with a metal-organic framework
US20220158249A1
( en )
*
2019-03-12
2022-05-19
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.
Method for producing all-solid-state battery
CN114597486A
( en )
2020-12-07
2022-06-07
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte and manufacturing method related thereto
US11374257B2
( en )
2019-09-03
2022-06-28
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Softened solid-state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries
US20220294007A1
( en )
*
2019-08-07
2022-09-15
Tdk Corporation
Solid electrolyte, solid electrolyte layer, and solid electrolyte battery
US11539071B2
( en )
2019-07-29
2022-12-27
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery
US11575120B2
( en )
2019-07-29
2023-02-07
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Micro-sized secondary particles with enhanced ionic conductivity for solid-state electrode
2020
2020-12-07
CN
CN202011416215.3A
patent/CN114597486A/en
active
Pending
2021
2021-06-08
DE
DE102021114604.6A
patent/DE102021114604A1/en
active
Pending
2021-12-06
US
US17/543,160
patent/US11942620B2/en
active
Active
Patent Citations (37)
* Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
JPH1021963A
( en )
1996-07-02
1998-01-23
Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd
Battery and manufacture thereof
JP2000090979A
( en )
1998-09-16
2000-03-31
Toshiba Corp
Sealed battery
US20010041289A1
( en )
2000-02-29
2001-11-15
Hikmet Rifat Ata Mustafa
Lithium battery
US20010038944A1
( en )
2000-03-03
2001-11-08
Hack Martinus Jacobus Johannes
Method of manufacturing a lithium battery
WO2002103835A1
( en )
2001-06-20
2002-12-27
Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V.
Method of manufacturing a lithium battery as well as a lithium battery
US20120077095A1
( en )
2010-09-09
2012-03-29
Roumi Farshid
Electrochemical Energy Storage Systems and Methods
JP2012195182A
( en )
2011-03-17
2012-10-11
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Lithium secondary battery electrode and lithium secondary battery including the electrode
US20150056520A1
( en )
*
2012-03-01
2015-02-26
Johnson Ip Holding, Llc
Impregnated sintered solid state composite electrode, solid state battery, and methods of preparation
JP2015195144A
( en )
2014-03-31
2015-11-05
ç©æ°´åå¦å·¥æ¥æ ªå¼ä¼ç¤¾
Electrode manufacturing method, lithium ion secondary battery manufacturing method, and lithium ion secondary battery
JP6316066B2
( en )
2014-03-31
2018-04-25
ç©æ°´åå¦å·¥æ¥æ ªå¼ä¼ç¤¾
Method for producing lithium ion secondary battery
KR20150143365A
( en )
2014-06-13
2015-12-23
주ìíì¬ ìì§íí
All solid battery and preparation method thereof
US20160118197A1
( en )
2014-10-28
2016-04-28
Apaq Technology Co., Ltd.
Method for making solid electrolytic capacitor package structure with improved conductive terminals
US20180254508A1
( en )
*
2015-08-28
2018-09-06
Jenax Inc.
Secondary battery and method of manufacturing therefor
US10714756B2
( en )
2016-11-11
2020-07-14
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Metal deposition methods for forming bimetallic structures, batteries incorporating bipolar current collectors made therefrom, and applications thereof
US20200036036A1
( en )
2016-11-22
2020-01-30
Calsonic Kansei Corporation
Method for bonding solid electrolyte layer and electrodes, method for manufacturing fuel cell, and fuel cell
US20190181492A1
( en )
2017-12-07
2019-06-13
Enevate Corporation
Sandwich electrodes and methods of making the same
US11205798B2
( en )
2018-07-30
2021-12-21
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Capacitor-assisted solid-state battery
US11121375B2
( en )
2018-10-15
2021-09-14
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state electrodes with non-carbon electronic conductive additives
KR20200050627A
( en )
2018-11-02
2020-05-12
íêµìëì§ê¸°ì ì°êµ¬ì
Composite Electrode Including Gel-Type Polymer Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Battery, Method Of Manufacturing The Same, And All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Comprising The Same
US20220158249A1
( en )
*
2019-03-12
2022-05-19
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.
Method for producing all-solid-state battery
US20200403267A1
( en )
2019-06-20
2020-12-24
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
High-voltage solid-state lithium-ion battery with rational electrode-electrolyte combinations
US11145922B2
( en )
2019-07-16
2021-10-12
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery having a capacitor-assisted interlayer
US20210020929A1
( en )
2019-07-17
2021-01-21
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state electrodes and methods for making the same
US20210028481A1
( en )
2019-07-26
2021-01-28
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Capacitor assisted bipolar battery
US11575120B2
( en )
2019-07-29
2023-02-07
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Micro-sized secondary particles with enhanced ionic conductivity for solid-state electrode
US11539071B2
( en )
2019-07-29
2022-12-27
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery
US11217826B2
( en )
2019-07-29
2022-01-04
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Methods of making sulfide-impregnated solid-state battery
US20220294007A1
( en )
*
2019-08-07
2022-09-15
Tdk Corporation
Solid electrolyte, solid electrolyte layer, and solid electrolyte battery
US20210050157A1
( en )
2019-08-15
2021-02-18
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Hybrid electrode materials for bipolar capacitor-assisted solid-state batteries
US20210050596A1
( en )
2019-08-16
2021-02-18
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery having an electrode comprising of an electronically conductive polymer
US20210057776A1
( en )
2019-08-20
2021-02-25
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery with solid electrolyte surface topography design
US11374257B2
( en )
2019-09-03
2022-06-28
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Softened solid-state electrolytes for lithium ion batteries
US20210111426A1
( en )
2019-10-15
2021-04-15
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state electrolytes and methods for making the same
US20210135224A1
( en )
2019-11-01
2021-05-06
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Capacitor-assisted electrochemical devices having hybrid structures
US20220140422A1
( en )
2020-10-30
2022-05-05
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Solid-state battery having a hybrid capacitor material with a metal-organic framework
CN114597486A
( en )
2020-12-07
2022-06-07
éç¨æ±½è½¦ç¯çç§æè¿ä½æéè´£ä»»å ¬å¸
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte and manufacturing method related thereto
DE102021114604A1
( en )
2020-12-07
2022-06-09
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
SOLID STATE BATTERY WITH EVENLY DISTRIBUTED ELECTROLYTE AND PROCESS FOR THEIR MANUFACTURE
Non-Patent Citations (2)
* Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party
Title
Chen et al, U.S. Appl. No. 17/500,660, filed Oct. 13, 2021, entitled " Solid-State Battery Having a Hybrid Capacitor Material with a Metal-Organic Framework, " 62 pages.
First Office Action for Chinese Patent Application No. 202011416215.3 dated Nov. 15, 2023, with correspondence from China Patent Agent (H.K.) Ltd. summarizing Office Action; 9 pages.
Cited By (2)
* Cited by examiner, â Cited by third party
Publication number
Priority date
Publication date
Assignee
Title
US20230147007A1
( en )
*
2019-09-24
2023-05-11
Apple Inc.
Electrodes for increased wettability
US12525601B2
( en )
2021-02-17
2026-01-13
GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Bipolar solid-state battery with enhanced interfacial contact
Also Published As
Publication number
Publication date
US20220181598A1
( en )
2022-06-09
CN114597486A
( en )
2022-06-07
DE102021114604A1
( en )
2022-06-09
Similar Documents
Publication
Publication Date
Title
US20220181598A1
( en )
2022-06-09
Solid state battery with uniformly distributed electrolyte, and methods of fabrication relating thereto
CN114551984B
( en )
2024-09-24
Solid state bipolar battery with thick electrodes
US12525601B2
( en )
2026-01-13
Bipolar solid-state battery with enhanced interfacial contact
US12412928B2
( en )
2025-09-09
Gel electrolyte system for solid state battery
US12355049B2
( en )
2025-07-08
Self-heating bipolar solid-state battery
US11735768B2
( en )
2023-08-22
Gel electrolyte for solid-state battery
CN115732737B
( en )
2026-04-07
Anode-free solid-state battery pack and method for manufacturing the battery pack
CN114388883A
( en )
2022-04-22
Solid state bipolar battery comprising ionic gel
US20220407079A1
( en )
2022-12-22
Bipolar current collector and method of making the same
CN114597484A
( en )
2022-06-07
In situ gelling method for fabricating bipolar solid-state batteries
US12512477B2
( en )
2025-12-30
Solvent-free methods of forming solid-state electrodes having polymeric fiber networks by using fibrillation processing additives and solid-state electrodes made therefrom
US20230074112A1
( en )
2023-03-09
Polymeric gel electrolyte systems for high-power solid-state battery
US12525686B2
( en )
2026-01-13
Solid-state electrolytes including lithiated zeolite particles and lithium-containing materials and methods of forming the same
US12519131B2
( en )
2026-01-06
Polymer blend gel electrolytes
US20230128413A1
( en )
2023-04-27
Solid electrolyte coating of lithium-doped silicon oxide particles as anode active material
US12438156B2
( en )
2025-10-07
Electrodes including polymer binder networks with bamboo-type fibers
CN117393847A
( en )
2024-01-12
Gel polymer electrolyte with sulfolane additive
CN115548419A
( en )
2022-12-30
Perlithiated cathode materials and methods of forming the same
CN116565138A
( en )
2023-08-08
Prelithiated precursor electrode and methods of making and using same
US20230387381A1
( en )
2023-11-30
Sulfide-impregnated columnar silicon anode for all-solid-state battery and method of forming the same
US20230268547A1
( en )
2023-08-24
Solid-state interlayer for solid-state battery
US20230246172A1
( en )
2023-08-03
<td ite