ABSTRACT
Abstract
An objective of the present invention is to provide a charging system, capable of increasing the rapid charging capacity of an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery, and reducing the effect of confining pressure on the all-solid-state battery. This is achieved by a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising: a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery, a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure, wherein the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a charging system for an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, secondary batteries have become important components that are essential as power sources for personal computers, video cameras, cellular phones and the like, or as power sources for automobiles and electric power storage.
Among secondary batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries in particular have the feature of higher capacity density than other secondary batteries, and the ability to operate at higher voltage. They are therefore used in data-related devices and communication devices as secondary batteries that are suitable for size and weight reduction, and development has been progressing in recent years toward lithium ion secondary batteries with high output and high capacity, for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles that constitute lower public hazards.
Lithium ion secondary batteries or lithium secondary batteries comprise a positive electrode layer and negative electrode layer, with an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt situated between them, where the electrolyte is composed of a nonaqueous liquid or solid. When a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte is used as the electrolyte, the electrolyte solution permeates into the positive electrode layer, readily forming an interface between the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode layer and the electrolyte, so that performance is easily improved. However, since the electrolyte solutions that are in wide use are combustible, it becomes necessary to install safety equipment to minimize temperature increase during short circuiting, or to mount a system for ensuring safety, such as preventing short circuiting. On the other hand, all-solid-state batteries, wherein the liquid electrolyte is replaced with a solid electrolyte to render the entire battery solid, do not employ combustible organic solvents in the batteries, and thus allow safety equipment to be simplified and are considered to be superior in terms of production cost and productivity, and their development is also progressing.
Since the adhesiveness of the positive electrode layer, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode layer in an all-solid-state battery significantly affects the properties of the battery, such as the energy density, capacity, current density and cycle characteristics, technologies have been proposed whereby confining pressure is applied usually in the direction perpendicular to the stacking surface of the all-solid-state battery, so that adhesiveness of the positive electrode layer, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode layer is maintained even when deformation or expansion takes place in the all-solid-state battery.
Even in secondary batteries wherein multiple all-solid-state batteries are stacked and electrically connected, the adhesiveness between the multiple all-solid-state batteries often significantly affects the electrical connection between the all-solid-state batteries, and therefore the multiple all-solid-state batteries have confining pressure applied in the direction perpendicular to the stacking surface.
In PTLs 1 to 7 there are described techniques for applying confining pressure to batteries in this manner. For example, PTL 1 discloses a secondary battery with an outer shape having opposing flat surfaces, the opposing flat surfaces being pressed in the charge-discharge state, and a weaker pressure being applied in the non-charge-discharge state than in the charge-discharge state of the secondary battery.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-9989
[PTL 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-35523
[PTL 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-45556
[PTL 4] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-56070
[PTL 5] Japanese Patent Public Inspection No. 2001-511592
[PTL 6] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-213902
[PTL 7] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-147010
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
As mentioned above, all-solid-state batteries are highly safe since they do not use combustible organic solvents, and they are especially promising as on-vehicle secondary batteries, but their low rapid charging performance has been an issue. In addition, when high confining pressure is continuously applied to an all-solid-state battery, this can result in short circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode. However, the confining pressure and the charge-discharge characteristic of an all-solid-state battery have been considered to be proportional, and it has been particularly difficult to both increase the rapid charging capacity of an all-solid-state battery while minimizing short-circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode.
A demand therefore exists for a charging system for an all-solid-state battery, capable of exhibiting both high rapid charging capacity for on-vehicle all-solid-state batteries, and low effect of confining pressure on all-solid-state batteries.
Means for Solving the Problems
The present inventors have conducted much diligent research in light of this problem, and have discovered a charging system for an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery wherein the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
The present invention relates to a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure,
wherein the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
The invention further relates to a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure,
wherein the pressure control section comprises a communicator situated at the exterior of the vehicle, for transmission of a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery, to an exterior charging under pressure device that is capable of applying a higher confining pressure than the pressing section.
Effect of the Invention
With the charging system, of the invention, it is possible to increase the rapid charging capacity of an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery, and to reduce the effect of confining pressure on the all-solid-state battery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic drawing of a charging system for all-solid-state batteries according to a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of removing a battery pack comprising all-solid-state batteries to be mounted in a vehicle.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of charging all-solid-state batteries under pressure with an exterior charging under pressure device.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart representing the flow in a control method where the charging system of the invention has a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic drawing of a miniature cell for testing, used to evaluate a charging system according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic drawing of an all-solid-state battery for testing, comprising a miniature cell for testing used to evaluate a charging system according to the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the chargeable capacity (%) at 1.5 MPa confinement, where the chargeable capacity at 45 MPa confinement is 100% (reference), and the resistance increase (%) at 1.5 MPa confinement, where the resistance at 45 MPa confinement is 0% (reference).
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Upon conducting diligent research on a charging system for an all-solid-state battery that can both increase the rapid charging capacity for an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery and reduce the effect of confining pressure on the all-solid-state battery, the present inventors have found that although the rapid charging capacity of an all-solid-state battery is more greatly improved with higher confining pressure, the internal resistance that affects the output characteristics during discharging varies little by the confining pressure.
As mentioned above, it has been found that while a higher confining pressure significantly improves the rapid charging capacity of an all-solid-state battery, the internal resistance of an all-solid-state battery has low dependency on the confining pressure, and therefore the confining pressure during discharging can be reduced to lower than the confining pressure during charging. It is possible to alleviate stress on an all-solid-state battery and to minimize short circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode, compared to the prior art, by setting the confining pressure during discharging to be lower than the confining pressure during charging, instead of continuing to apply high confining pressure during charge-discharge of the all-solid-state battery.
First Embodiment of the Invention
The first embodiment of the invention is a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery, a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure, wherein the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a charging system 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention. The charging system 100 comprises a charging section 13 that can charge an all-solid- state battery 10 , a pressing section 7 that applies confining pressure to the all-solid- state battery 10 , and a pressure control section 6 that controls the confining pressure. The pressure control section 6 directs the pressing section 7 so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
The charging system 100 allows charging and discharging of one or a plurality of all-solid- state batteries 10 while pressing with a prescribed, confining force. In the charging system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 , three all-solid- state batteries 10 are configured in series. Each all-solid- state battery 10 has a positive electrode layer 1 , a solid electrolyte layer 2 , a negative electrode layer 3 , a positive electrode collector 4 and a negative electrode collector 5 .
In the charging system 100 , the one or more all-solid-state batteries 10 (hereunder also referred to as âall-solid- state battery 10 â) are situated in series between confining jigs 8 positioned at both ends, allowing a prescribed con
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a charging system for an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery.
BACKGROUND ART
In recent years, secondary batteries have become important components that are essential as power sources for personal computers, video cameras, cellular phones and the like, or as power sources for automobiles and electric power storage.
Among secondary batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries in particular have the feature of higher capacity density than other secondary batteries, and the ability to operate at higher voltage. They are therefore used in data-related devices and communication devices as secondary batteries that are suitable for size and weight reduction, and development has been progressing in recent years toward lithium ion secondary batteries with high output and high capacity, for electric vehicles or hybrid vehicles that constitute lower public hazards.
Lithium ion secondary batteries or lithium secondary batteries comprise a positive electrode layer and negative electrode layer, with an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt situated between them, where the electrolyte is composed of a nonaqueous liquid or solid. When a nonaqueous liquid electrolyte is used as the electrolyte, the electrolyte solution permeates into the positive electrode layer, readily forming an interface between the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode layer and the electrolyte, so that performance is easily improved. However, since the electrolyte solutions that are in wide use are combustible, it becomes necessary to install safety equipment to minimize temperature increase during short circuiting, or to mount a system for ensuring safety, such as preventing short circuiting. On the other hand, all-solid-state batteries, wherein the liquid electrolyte is replaced with a solid electrolyte to render the entire battery solid, do not employ combustible organic solvents in the batteries, and thus allow safety equipment to be simplified and are considered to be superior in terms of production cost and productivity, and their development is also progressing.
Since the adhesiveness of the positive electrode layer, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode layer in an all-solid-state battery significantly affects the properties of the battery, such as the energy density, capacity, current density and cycle characteristics, technologies have been proposed whereby confining pressure is applied usually in the direction perpendicular to the stacking surface of the all-solid-state battery, so that adhesiveness of the positive electrode layer, solid electrolyte layer and negative electrode layer is maintained even when deformation or expansion takes place in the all-solid-state battery.
Even in secondary batteries wherein multiple all-solid-state batteries are stacked and electrically connected, the adhesiveness between the multiple all-solid-state batteries often significantly affects the electrical connection between the all-solid-state batteries, and therefore the multiple all-solid-state batteries have confining pressure applied in the direction perpendicular to the stacking surface.
In PTLs 1 to 7 there are described techniques for applying confining pressure to batteries in this manner. For example, PTL 1 discloses a secondary battery with an outer shape having opposing flat surfaces, the opposing flat surfaces being pressed in the charge-discharge state, and a weaker pressure being applied in the non-charge-discharge state than in the charge-discharge state of the secondary battery.
CITATION LIST
Patent Literature
[PTL 1] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-9989
[PTL 2] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-35523
[PTL 3] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-45556
[PTL 4] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-56070
[PTL 5] Japanese Patent Public Inspection No. 2001-511592
[PTL 6] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-213902
[PTL 7] Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2008-147010
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
As mentioned above, all-solid-state batteries are highly safe since they do not use combustible organic solvents, and they are especially promising as on-vehicle secondary batteries, but their low rapid charging performance has been an issue. In addition, when high confining pressure is continuously applied to an all-solid-state battery, this can result in short circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode. However, the confining pressure and the charge-discharge characteristic of an all-solid-state battery have been considered to be proportional, and it has been particularly difficult to both increase the rapid charging capacity of an all-solid-state battery while minimizing short-circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode.
A demand therefore exists for a charging system for an all-solid-state battery, capable of exhibiting both high rapid charging capacity for on-vehicle all-solid-state batteries, and low effect of confining pressure on all-solid-state batteries.
Means for Solving the Problems
The present inventors have conducted much diligent research in light of this problem, and have discovered a charging system for an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery wherein the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
The present invention relates to a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure,
wherein the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
The invention further relates to a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure,
wherein the pressure control section comprises a communicator situated at the exterior of the vehicle, for transmission of a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery, to an exterior charging under pressure device that is capable of applying a higher confining pressure than the pressing section.
Effect of the Invention
With the charging system, of the invention, it is possible to increase the rapid charging capacity of an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery, and to reduce the effect of confining pressure on the all-solid-state battery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic drawing of a charging system for all-solid-state batteries according to a first embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of removing a battery pack comprising all-solid-state batteries to be mounted in a vehicle.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of charging all-solid-state batteries under pressure with an exterior charging under pressure device.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart representing the flow in a control method where the charging system of the invention has a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic drawing of a miniature cell for testing, used to evaluate a charging system according to the invention.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic drawing of an all-solid-state battery for testing, comprising a miniature cell for testing used to evaluate a charging system according to the invention.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the chargeable capacity (%) at 1.5 MPa confinement, where the chargeable capacity at 45 MPa confinement is 100% (reference), and the resistance increase (%) at 1.5 MPa confinement, where the resistance at 45 MPa confinement is 0% (reference).
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Upon conducting diligent research on a charging system for an all-solid-state battery that can both increase the rapid charging capacity for an on-vehicle all-solid-state battery and reduce the effect of confining pressure on the all-solid-state battery, the present inventors have found that although the rapid charging capacity of an all-solid-state battery is more greatly improved with higher confining pressure, the internal resistance that affects the output characteristics during discharging varies little by the confining pressure.
As mentioned above, it has been found that while a higher confining pressure significantly improves the rapid charging capacity of an all-solid-state battery, the internal resistance of an all-solid-state battery has low dependency on the confining pressure, and therefore the confining pressure during discharging can be reduced to lower than the confining pressure during charging. It is possible to alleviate stress on an all-solid-state battery and to minimize short circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode, compared to the prior art, by setting the confining pressure during discharging to be lower than the confining pressure during charging, instead of continuing to apply high confining pressure during charge-discharge of the all-solid-state battery.
First Embodiment of the Invention
The first embodiment of the invention is a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery, a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure, wherein the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional schematic view of a charging system 100 according to the first embodiment of the invention. The charging system 100 comprises a charging section 13 that can charge an all-solid- state battery 10 , a pressing section 7 that applies confining pressure to the all-solid- state battery 10 , and a pressure control section 6 that controls the confining pressure. The pressure control section 6 directs the pressing section 7 so that the confining pressure during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging.
The charging system 100 allows charging and discharging of one or a plurality of all-solid- state batteries 10 while pressing with a prescribed, confining force. In the charging system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 , three all-solid- state batteries 10 are configured in series. Each all-solid- state battery 10 has a positive electrode layer 1 , a solid electrolyte layer 2 , a negative electrode layer 3 , a positive electrode collector 4 and a negative electrode collector 5 .
In the charging system 100 , the one or more all-solid-state batteries 10 (hereunder also referred to as âall-solid- state battery 10 â) are situated in series between confining jigs 8 positioned at both ends, allowing a prescribed confining pressure to be applied. The pressing section 7 can press the all-solid- state battery 10 through the confining jig 8 , based on directions from the pressure control section 6 . The pressing section 7 may also comprise the confining jig 8 in an integral manner. Also, an elastic body, such as a spring, may be situated between the pressing section 7 and the confining jig 8 .
The confining jigs 8 are not particularly restricted so long as they are rigid and capable of confining the all-solid-state battery, and they may consist of metal sheets, for example.
The confining jigs 8 positioned on both ends may be linked by an elastic body, such as a spring. When the confining jigs 8 positioned on both ends are linked by a tension spring, it is possible to apply confining pressure to the all-solid- state batteries 10 from the confining jigs 8 to a degree allowing the all-solid- state batteries 10 to be anchored within the confining jigs 8 , even when no confining pressure is being applied from the pressing section 7 . This will allow the battery pack containing the all-solid- state batteries 10 to be easily removed from the vehicle when the all-solid- state batteries 10 are to be charged, under pressure by using an exterior charging under pressure device as described below.
The charging system 100 may also comprise guide shafts 9 . The guide shafts 9 may be situated surrounding the all-solid- state batteries 10 , lying in the direction perpendicular to the stacking surface of the all-solid- state batteries 10 . This can help to anchor the direction of operation of the confining jigs 8 positioned on both ends or the pressing section 7 comprising the confining jigs 8 to a fixed direction along the guide shafts 9 which are passed through the confining jigs 6 or the confining jigs 8 that are integrally included in the pressing section 7 .
The charging section 13 can supply electric power to the all-solid- state batteries 10 for rapid charging of the all-solid- state batteries 10 , and it is not particularly restricted so long as it has a conductor wire connecting from an electric power source 14 to the all-solid- state batteries 10 . The electric power of the electric power source 14 includes electric power generated by regenerative braking of a vehicle, and optionally it includes commonly employed electric power obtained from an EV charger or commonly employed household electric power.
Throughout the present specification, ârapid chargingâ means a charge rate of 1 C or greater, and while the upper limit for the charge rate is not particularly restricted, it may be 25 C or less, for example.
The charging section 13 is preferably one that can perform charging while controlling the charge current value and charge final, voltage, and that can perform constant current/constant voltage charging.
More preferably, the charging section 13 has switching means that performs ON/OFF switching of electrical connection with the all-solid-state batteries, control means that controls the OH/OFF state of the switching means, constant current charging means that performs constant current charging of the all-solid-state batteries by flowing a charging current of a prescribed level into the all-solid-state batteries until the all-solid-state batteries reach a prescribed voltage value, and constant voltage charging means that performs constant voltage charging of the all-solid-state batteries after the all-solid-state batteries reaches the prescribed voltage value by the constant current charging means, by flowing into the all-solid-state batteries a charging current with a gradually decreasing current value, so that the all-solid-state batteries are kept at the prescribed voltage value. When the current value of the charging current flowing to the all-solid-state batteries by the constant voltage charging means reduces and falls to a prescribed value, the control means switches the switching means OFF.
The pressure control section 6 judges whether the all-solid- state batteries 10 are in a state of discharging or not and/or whether the all-solid- state batteries 10 are in a state of charging or not, and based on the judgement, directs the pressing section 7 to press the all-solid- state batteries 10 with a prescribed confining pressure. More specifically, the pressure control section 6 directs the pressing section 7 so as to press the all-solid- state batteries 10 at a higher confining pressure during charging than during discharging.
If the pressure control section 6 judges that the all-solid- state batteries 10 is being charged, it may direct the pressing section 7 to confine the all-solid- state batteries 10 with a higher confining pressure than during discharging, or if it judges that the all-solid- state batteries 10 is being discharged, it may direct the pressing section 7 to confine the all-solid- state batteries 10 with a lower confining pressure than during charging, or both of these directions may be sent.
Judgment of the presence or absence of discharging and/or the presence or absence of charging of the all-solid- state batteries 10 by the pressure control section 6 can be made, for example, by current detection means that detects the discharge current and/or charging current of the all-solid-state batteries.
The pressing section 7 is able to apply the prescribed confining pressure to the all-solid- state batteries 10 in the direction perpendicular to the stacking surface, based on the direction from the pressure control section 6 .
The pressing section 7 is not particularly restricted so long as it has a construction allowing it to press the all-solid- state batteries 10 with a prescribed confining pressure, and for example, it may be composed of any desired means, such as a spring system, oil pressure system or a combination thereof.
The lower limit for the confining pressure to be applied to the all-solid- state batteries 10 by the pressing section 7 during discharging is preferably 0.01 MPa or greater, more preferably 0.1 MPa or greater and even more preferably 1 MPa or greater, and the upper limit for the confining pressure to be applied to the all-solid- state batteries 10 by the pressing section 7 during discharging is preferably no greater than 100 MPa, more preferably no greater than 50 MPa and even more preferably no greater than 10 MPa.
The confining pressure during charging is greater than the confining pressure during discharging, and is preferably at least 1 MPa greater, more preferably at least 10 MPa greater and even more preferably at least 40 MPa greater than the confining pressure during discharging.
The upper limit fox the confining pressure during charging is preferably no greater than 200 MPa, more preferably no greater than 100 MPa and even more preferably no greater than 50 MPa.
It is possible to further increase the rapid charging performance and to further minimize short circuiting between the positive electrode layer 1 and the negative electrode layer 3 by pressing the all-solid- state batteries 10 during charging and during discharging with such a confining pressure.
The all-solid- state batteries 10 that can be charged by the charging system 100 of the invention may also be in a dormant state essentially without charging and discharging. The confining pressure during dormancy is preferably the same as the confining pressure during discharge, but the confining pressure force during charging or during discharging prior to the dormant state may be continued.
The charging system 100 of the invention may further comprise a communicator for transmission of a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery, to an exterior charging under pressure device situated at the exterior of the vehicle and capable of applying higher confining pressure than the pressing section 7 .
If the charging system 100 of the invention has such a communicator, it will be possible to send a signal-relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery to an exterior charging under pressure device at the exterior of a vehicle, such as a charging stand. It is possible to perform charging the all-solid-state battery while the exterior charging under pressure device is pressing the battery with a prescribed confining pressure based on the transmitted signal.
The charge capacity of an all-solid-state battery during vehicle running may be reduced if charging of the battery is carried out using the exterior charging under pressure device. This makes it possible to reduce the size of the pressing section 7 in the charging system 100 of the invention, and then to carry out rapid charging of the all-solid-state battery while increasing the volumetric efficiency of the charging system 100 of the invention. By using an exterior charging under pressure device, it is possible to press an all-solid-state battery with a greater applied pressure than the pressure that can be applied inside the vehicle, thereby allowing the rapid charging capacity to be further increased. In addition, by charging an all-solid-state battery while continuously pressing it with a high confining pressure in an exterior charging under pressure device, such as a charging stand, it is possible to perform more highly efficient quick charging than by charging by regenerative braking during vehicle running.
The communicator is not particularly restricted so long as it can send a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery to the exterior charging under pressure device at the exterior of the vehicle.
The exterior charging under pressure device is not particularly restricted so long as it is one that can perform rapid charge of the all-solid- state batteries 10 at a rate of 1 C or greater, while it is pressing the batteries 10 with a confining pressure that is equal to or greater than that of the pressing section 7 in the charging system 100 of the invention, based on the signal sent from the pressure control section 6 of the charging system 100 .
In order to perform charging under pressure of all-solid-state batteries with an exterior charging under pressure device, the all-solid- state batteries 10 mounted in the vehicle may be removed and the all-solid- state batteries 10 may be set in the exterior charging under pressure device so as to allow charging under pressure with the exterior charging under pressure device.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an embodiment of removing a battery pack 11 comprising all-solid- state batteries 10 to be mounted in a vehicle. The battery pack 11 comprises one or a plurality of all-solid- state batteries 10 , and may further comprise confining jigs 8 with guide shafts 9 running through. The battery pack 11 comprising the all-solid- state batteries 10 , confining jigs 8 and guide shafts 9 shown in FIG. 2 may be removed from the vehicle, and the battery pack 11 may be installed in the exterior charging under pressure device so that the all-solid- state batteries 10 can be charged under pressure by the exterior charging under pressure device.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of an embodiment of charging all-solid- state batteries 10 under pressure with an exterior charging under pressure device. The battery pack comprising the all-solid- state batteries 10 , confining jigs 8 and guide shafts 9 may be set so as to allow charging under pressure with the pressing section 12 of the exterior charging under pressure device, and the all-solid- state batteries 10 can be rapid charged while pressing with the prescribed confining pressure through the confining jigs 8 .
If the vehicle in which the charging system 100 of the invention is mounted is caught in traffic, the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging may be reduced compared to the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging when the vehicle is running normally (hereunder referred to as ânormal modeâ), or the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging may be reduced to zero.
In the charging system 100 of the invention, since the confining pressure of the all-solid- state batteries 10 is varied between charging and discharging, and the vehicle undergoes repeated acceleration and deceleration for short periods when traffic becomes congested while the vehicle is running, switching between charging and discharging of the all-solid-state batteries is repeated for short periods and the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery varies for short periods. When the confining pressure of an all-solid-state battery varies frequently within short periods, this may render the all-solid-state battery prone to short circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode rather than preventing short circuiting.
Therefore, when the switching time between charging and discharging is within a prescribed time period, it is preferred for the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging to be reduced, or for the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging to be zero.
Throughout the present specification, âtraffic congestionâ refers to a condition where vehicle speed is preferably no faster than 20 km/hr and more preferably no faster than 10 km/hr, continuously for a prescribed time period, such as 10 minutes. The pressure control section 6 can monitor the vehicle speed and judge whether there is a condition of traffic congestion.
For example, the confining pressure during discharging when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion may be greater than the confining pressure during discharging in normal mode. Alternatively, the confining pressure during discharging may be the same as the confining pressure during charging, without lowering the confining pressure during discharging when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion.
Conversely, the confining pressure during charging when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion may be reduced to be lower than the confining pressure during charging in normal mode. Alternatively, the confining pressure during charging may be the same as the confining pressure during discharging, without increasing the confining pressure during charging when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion.
Preferably, the confining pressure during discharging is the same as the confining pressure during charging, without reducing the confining pressure during discharging when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion.
By thus controlling the confining pressure, it is possible to increase the rapid charging capacity of the all-solid-state battery while minimizing short circuiting between the positive electrode and negative electrode, even when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion.
In the charging system 100 of the invention, if the switching time between charging and discharging is shortened to within a prescribed time period, the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging may be reduced compared to the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging when the vehicle is running normally (hereunder referred to as ânormal modeâ), or the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging may be zero.
More preferably, when the switching time between charging and discharging is within 10 seconds as the average for a prescribed time, such as 5 minutes, the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging may be reduced compared to the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging in normal mode, or it may be zero, as described above.
Throughout the present specification, the switching time between charging and discharging refers to the time for one cycle of charging, discharging and charging, or discharging, charging and discharging, of an all-solid-state battery. The pressure control section 6 can measure the switching time between charging and discharging.
The charging system 100 of the invention may further comprise a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system. If a condition of traffic congestion is predicted by the traffic congestion prediction system, the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging can be reduced compared to the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging in normal mode, or it can be reduced to zero. The traffic congestion prediction system is not particularly restricted, and for example, it may be a system, such as the Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS®).
FIG. 4 is a flow chart representing an example of flow in a control method where the charging system of the invention has a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system. In step S 1 , traffic congestion information is received from a traffic congestion prediction system. In step S 2 , the existence of a state of traffic congestion is discerned. If it is discerned that there is no state of traffic congestion, it will be discerned in step S 3 whether the all-solid-state battery is being charged. If it is discerned that it is being charged, in step S 6 the all-solid-state battery will be pressed with the prescribed confining pressure for charging in normal mode. If it is discerned in step S 3 that it is not being charged, in step S 4 the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery will be increased to be greater than the confining pressure during discharging, in normal mode. If it is discerned in step S 2 that there is a state of traffic congestion, in step S 5 the difference in confining pressure during charging and discharging will be reduced to be less than the difference in confining pressure during charging and discharging in normal mode, or it is reduced to zero. Following steps S 4 , S 5 and S 6 , the flow is returned to step S 1 . If no traffic congestion prediction information is received in step S 1 , the flow may proceed from step S 1 to step S 3 , for discernment of whether the battery is being charged.
If the traffic congestion prediction system predicts traffic congestion, the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging may foe reduced to be lower than the difference in confining pressure between charging and discharging in normal mode, or it may be reduced to zero, starting 5 minutes, 10 minutes or 15 minutes before entering the area of traffic congestion, for example.
Second Embodiment of the Invention
The second embodiment of the invention is a charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges an all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure,
wherein the pressure control section comprises a communicator situated at the exterior of the vehicle, for transmission of a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery, to an exterior charging under pressure device that is capable of applying a higher confining pressure than the pressing section.
According to the second embodiment of the invention, the communicator can send a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery, to an exterior charging under pressure device at the exterior of a vehicle, such as a charging stand. Therefore, it is possible to perform charging of the all-solid-state battery while the exterior charging under pressure device is pressing the battery with a prescribed confining pressure based on the transmitted signal.
According to the second embodiment of the invention, charging of the all-solid-state battery can be performed by using an exterior charging under pressure device. Therefore, it is possible for the confining force during charging to be the same as the confining pressure during discharging when the vehicle is running, and thereby it is also possible to reduce the size of the pressing section in the charging system of the invention compared to that of the first embodiment of the invention, and to further improve the volumetric efficiency of the charging system of the invention. Furthermore, by using an exterior charging under pressure device, it is possible to press an all-solid-state battery with a greater applied pressure than the pressure that can be applied inside the vehicle, thereby allowing the ra
CLAIMS
Claims ( 19 )
What is claimed is:
1. A charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges the all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery,
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure applied by the pressing section,
wherein the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure at least some of the time during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging, and
a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system, and when a state of traffic congestion is predicted, a difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
2. The charging system according to claim 1 , wherein, when the state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
3. A charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges the all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure applied by the pressing section,
wherein the pressure control section comprises a communicator situated at an exterior of the vehicle, for transmission of a signal relating to the confining pressure of the all-solid-state battery, to an exterior charging under pressure device that is capable of applying a higher confining pressure than the confining pressure applied by the pressing section.
4. A charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges the all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure applied by the pressing section, wherein
the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure at least some of the time during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging, and
the pressure control section further comprises a communicator for transmission of a signal relating to the confining pressure, to an exterior charging under pressure device situated at an exterior of the vehicle and capable of applying higher confining pressure onto the all-solid-state battery than the confining pressure applied by the pressing section.
5. The charging system according to claim 4 , wherein a difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion, compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
6. The charging system according to claim 5 , wherein the communicator communicates with a traffic congestion prediction system, and when a state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
7. The charging system according to claim 5 , wherein, when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
8. The charging system according to claim 4 , wherein a difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced when a switching time between the charging and the discharging is within 10 seconds.
9. The charging system according to claim 8 , wherein the communicator communicates with a traffic congestion prediction system, and when a state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
10. The charging system according to claim 8 , wherein, when the switching time between the charging and the discharging is within 10 seconds, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
11. The charging system according to claim 4 , wherein the communicator communicates with a traffic congestion prediction system, and when a state of traffic congestion is predicted, a difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
12. The charging system according to claim 11 , wherein, when the state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
13. A charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges the all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure applied by the pressing section, wherein
the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure at least some of the time during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging, and
a difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion, compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
14. The charging system according to claim 13 , wherein, when the vehicle is caught in traffic congestion, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
15. The charging system according to claim 13 , further comprising a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system, and when a state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
16. The charging system according to claim 15 , wherein, when the state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
17. A charging system for an all-solid-state battery to be mounted in a vehicle, the charging system comprising:
a charging section that charges the all-solid-state battery,
a pressing section that applies confining pressure to the all-solid-state battery, and
a pressure control section that controls the confining pressure applied by the pressing section, wherein
the pressure control section directs the pressing section so that the confining pressure at least some of the time during charging is higher than the confining pressure during discharging, and
a difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced when a switching time between the charging and the discharging is within 10 seconds.
18. The charging system according to claim 17 , further comprising a communicator in communication with a traffic congestion prediction system, and when a state of traffic congestion is predicted, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced compared to when the vehicle is running normally.
19. The charging system according to claim 17 , wherein, when the switching time between the charging and the discharging is within 10 seconds, the difference in the confining pressure between the charging and the discharging is reduced to zero.
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2015-05-20
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2017-05-10
JP2015095281A
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2015-05-18
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