ABSTRACT
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting data transmission rates higher than that of a 4G communication system such as LTE. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus in which a base station transmits a synchronization signal via a satellite and a terminal detects the synchronization signal in a communication system.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus that enable a base station to transmit a synchronization signal and enable a terminal to detect the synchronization signal in a communication system.
BACKGROUND ART
Wireless communication technologies have been developed over several generations mainly for human-targeted services, such as voice, multimedia, and data communication. As 5th generation (5G) communication systems are commercially available, it is expected that the explosively increasing number of connected devices will be connected to communication networks. Examples of things connected to a network may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors installed in various infrastructures, construction machinery, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve into various form factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram gadgets. In the 6th generation (6G) era, efforts are being made to develop enhanced 6G communication systems to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things. For this reason, the 6G communication system is called a beyond 5G system.
In a 6G communication system expected to be realized around year 2030, the maximum transmission rate is tera (i.e., 1000 giga) bps, and the wireless latency is 100 microseconds (μsec). In other words, in the 6G communication system, compared to the 5G communication system, the transmission speed is 50 times faster and the wireless latency is reduced to 1/10.
To achieve these high data rates and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems are being considered for implementation in a terahertz band (e.g., 95 gigahertz (95 GHz) to 3 terahertz (3 THz) band). As the path loss and atmospheric absorption issues worsen in the terahertz band compared with the millimeter wave (mmWave) band introduced in 5G, it is expected that the importance of technology that can guarantee signal reach, that is, coverage, will increase. To ensure coverage, it is required to develop key technologies regarding radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, new waveforms that are better in terms of coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming, and multi-antenna transmission techniques such as massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large scale antennas. In addition, to improve the coverage of terahertz band signals, new technologies are being discussed such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS).
Additionally, to improve the frequency efficiency and system network for 6G communication systems, technologies are being developed such as full duplex technology in which uplink and downlink simultaneously utilize the same frequency resource at the same time, networking technology that utilizes satellites and high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) in an integrated way, network architecture innovation technology that supports mobile base stations and enables network operation optimization and automation, dynamic spectrum sharing technology through collision avoidance based on spectrum usage prediction, AI-based communication technology that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) from the design stage and internalizes end-to-end AI support functions to realize system optimization, and next-generation distributed computing technology that realizes complex services exceeding the limits of terminal computing capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources (mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud, etc.). In addition, attempts are continuously made to further strengthen connectivity between devices, further optimize networks, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications through the design of new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, the implementation of hardware-based security environments, the development of mechanisms for safe use of data, and the technology development for maintaining privacy.
These research and development on 6G communication systems are expected to enable the next hyper-connected experience through the hyper-connectivity of 6G communication systems which includes not only connections between things but also connections between people and things. Specifically, it is expected that services such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica will be available through 6G communication systems. In addition, via security and reliability enhancement, services such as remote surgery, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through 6G communication systems, and can be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.
On the other hand, as the cost of launching satellites has drastically decreased in the late 2010s and 2020s, the number of companies trying to provide communication services through satellites has increased. Accordingly, satellite networks have emerged as a next-generation network system that complements existing terrestrial networks. Although there is a possibility that the satellite network may fail to provide a user experience comparable to that of a terrestrial network, it has not only the advantage of being capable of providing communication services even in areas where it is difficult to build a terrestrial network or in a disaster situation but also has secured economic feasibility due to the recent sharp decrease in satellite launch costs as described above. Further, some companies along with 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards are also conducting research on direct communication between smartphones and satellites.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
Communications satellites can be classified into low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites according to their orbits. In general, GEO means a satellite at an altitude of about 36000 km, MEO means a satellite at an altitude of 5000 to 15000 km, and LEO means a satellite at an altitude of 500 to 1000 km. Satellites orbit the Earth at their altitude. When a satellite orbits the Earth, if the centrifugal force generated by the satellite's velocity and the gravitational force pulling the satellite from the Earth match, the satellite can orbit the Earth while maintaining its orbit. Based on this, the required orbital velocity of a satellite can be calculated according to the altitude of the satellite. For example, to maintain an orbit at an altitude of 1000 km, a satellite needs a velocity of 7.3487 km/sec (7.3487 km per second). In the case of a GEO satellite, its orbital velocity coincides with the Earth's rotational velocity, so it always appears to be at the same position on the ground. Due to the fast movement speed of a satellite, a Doppler effect occurs in the signal transmitted from the satellite, and the center frequency of the signal is shifted. The Doppler effect occurs-when the transmitter and the receiver move relative to each other. In the case of a vehicle moving on the ground, as the speed of the vehicle is much smaller than the speed of light, the shift of the center frequency caused by the Doppler effect is very small. However, in the case of a satellite, since it moves at a speed of about 7 km/sec, which is very fast compared to a vehicle on the ground, the shift of the center frequency due to the Doppler effect generated accordingly is relatively large. That is, when a terminal in a satellite network intends to connect to a base station through a satellite, a Doppler effect, which is much greater than the Doppler effect that can occur when a terminal and a base station directly communicate in a terrestrial network, occurs between the satellite network and the terminal on the ground.
Since the center frequency shifts according to such a large Doppler effect, the center frequency of the signal transmitted by the transmitter is changed and received by the receiver. Hence, if the receiver does not know the shifted center frequency of the transmitted signal, reception performance may be very poor. To solve this problem, a method for correcting the Doppler effect occurring between a satellite network and a terminal on the ground is required.
Solution to Problem
To solve the above problems, in the disclosure, a method performed by a terminal supporting non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication in a wireless communication system may include: identifying a synchronization raster to perform initial access for NTN communication; and receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a satellite based on the identified synchronization raster, wherein the position of the synchronization raster may be identified by a global synchronization channel number (GSCN), and wherein each GSCN may be determined based on a first parameter related to the order of clusters formed by at least one synchronization raster and a second parameter related to the order of synchronization rasters included in a cluster.
Further, in the above method, the transmission frequency of the SSB may be corrected based on a Doppler effect between the satellite and the terminal.
In the above method, the SSB may be transmitted by a base station and received via the satellite.
Here, the above method may further include receiving, from the base station via the satellite, system information indicating that the base station is a base station for the NTN communication.
Further, in case that a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the SSB is 15 kHz and the frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, the interval between the 1st synchronization rasters included respectively in two adjacent clusters may be greater than 1200 kHz.
Further, in case that the SSB has a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz and the frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, the interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster may be less than 50 kHz.
Further, in case that the SSB has an SCS of 15 kHz and the frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, the maximum value of the first parameter may be less than 2499 or the number of synchronization rasters included in a cluster may be less than 3.
Further, the interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster may be determined based on the altitude of the satellite.
According to another embodiment of the disclosure, a terminal supporting non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication in a wireless communication system may include: a transceiver to transmit and receive-signals; and a controller connected to the transceiver, wherein the controller may be configured to: identify a synchronization raster to perform initial access for NTN communication; and receive a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a satellite based on the identified synchronization raster, wherein the position of the synchronization raster may be identified by a global synchronization channel number (GSCN), and wherein each GSCN may be determined based on a first parameter related to the order of clusters formed by at least one synchronization raster and a second parameter related to the order of synchronization rasters included in a cluster.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
According to various embodiments of the disclosure, the terminal may connect to the base station via a satellite, and the base station may notify the terminal of a frequency offset and the terminal may correct the time offset, so that signals can be effectively exchanged between the base station and the terminal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic structure of a time-frequency domain, which is a radio resource region in which a data or control channel is transmitted in downlink or uplink in a new radio (NR) system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a control region in which a downlink control channel is transmitted in a 5G wireless communication system.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example in which eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband) data, URLLC (ultra reliable low latency communications) data, and mMTC (massive machine type communications) data are allocated over the entire system frequency band.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example, in which eMBB data, URLLC data, and mMTC data are allocated in parts of the system frequency band.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a process in which one transport block is divided into several code blocks and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is inserted.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how a synchronization signal (SS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) are mapped in the frequency-time domain in an NR system.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating symbols capable of carrying an SS/PBCH block (SSB) according to the subcarrier spacing.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a UE processing time according to a timing advance (TA) when the UE receives a first signal and transmits a second signal correspondingly in a 5G or NR system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of scheduling and transmitting data (e.g., transport blocks (TBs)) on the basis of slots, receiving HARQ-ACK (hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement) feedback for the corresponding data, and performing retransmissions based on the feedback.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a communication system using satellites.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating orbital periods of communication satellites revolving around the Earth according to their altitudes or heights.
FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating satellite-UE direct communication.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating usage scenarios of satellite-UE direct communication.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of calculating expected data throughput in the uplink when a LEO satellite at an altitude of 1200 km and a UE on the ground perform direct communication.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of calculating an expected data throughput in the uplink when a GEO satellite at an altitude of 35,786 km and a UE on the ground perform direct communication.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating path loss values according to a path loss model between a UE and a satellite and a path loss model between a UE and a terrestrial base station.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing equations for calculating the amount of Doppler shift experienced by a signal transmitted from a satellite and received by a ground user according to the altitude and position of the satellite and the position of the UE user on the ground, and the calculated results.
FIG. 18 illustrates the velocity of a satellite calculated with the varying altitude thereof.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating Doppler shifts experienced by different UEs in one beam transmitted from a satellite to the ground.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing differences in Doppler shift occurring in one beam according to the satellite position determined from the elevation angle.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus that enable a base station to transmit a synchronization signal and enable a terminal to detect the synchronization signal in a communication system.
BACKGROUND ART
Wireless communication technologies have been developed over several generations mainly for human-targeted services, such as voice, multimedia, and data communication. As 5th generation (5G) communication systems are commercially available, it is expected that the explosively increasing number of connected devices will be connected to communication networks. Examples of things connected to a network may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors installed in various infrastructures, construction machinery, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve into various form factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram gadgets. In the 6th generation (6G) era, efforts are being made to develop enhanced 6G communication systems to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things. For this reason, the 6G communication system is called a beyond 5G system.
In a 6G communication system expected to be realized around year 2030, the maximum transmission rate is tera (i.e., 1000 giga) bps, and the wireless latency is 100 microseconds (μsec). In other words, in the 6G communication system, compared to the 5G communication system, the transmission speed is 50 times faster and the wireless latency is reduced to 1/10.
To achieve these high data rates and ultra-low latency, 6G communication systems are being considered for implementation in a terahertz band (e.g., 95 gigahertz (95 GHz) to 3 terahertz (3 THz) band). As the path loss and atmospheric absorption issues worsen in the terahertz band compared with the millimeter wave (mmWave) band introduced in 5G, it is expected that the importance of technology that can guarantee signal reach, that is, coverage, will increase. To ensure coverage, it is required to develop key technologies regarding radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, new waveforms that are better in terms of coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming, and multi-antenna transmission techniques such as massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and large scale antennas. In addition, to improve the coverage of terahertz band signals, new technologies are being discussed such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, high-dimensional spatial multiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS).
Additionally, to improve the frequency efficiency and system network for 6G communication systems, technologies are being developed such as full duplex technology in which uplink and downlink simultaneously utilize the same frequency resource at the same time, networking technology that utilizes satellites and high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) in an integrated way, network architecture innovation technology that supports mobile base stations and enables network operation optimization and automation, dynamic spectrum sharing technology through collision avoidance based on spectrum usage prediction, AI-based communication technology that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) from the design stage and internalizes end-to-end AI support functions to realize system optimization, and next-generation distributed computing technology that realizes complex services exceeding the limits of terminal computing capabilities by utilizing ultra-high-performance communication and computing resources (mobile edge computing (MEC), cloud, etc.). In addition, attempts are continuously made to further strengthen connectivity between devices, further optimize networks, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications through the design of new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, the implementation of hardware-based security environments, the development of mechanisms for safe use of data, and the technology development for maintaining privacy.
These research and development on 6G communication systems are expected to enable the next hyper-connected experience through the hyper-connectivity of 6G communication systems which includes not only connections between things but also connections between people and things. Specifically, it is expected that services such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica will be available through 6G communication systems. In addition, via security and reliability enhancement, services such as remote surgery, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through 6G communication systems, and can be applied in various fields such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.
On the other hand, as the cost of launching satellites has drastically decreased in the late 2010s and 2020s, the number of companies trying to provide communication services through satellites has increased. Accordingly, satellite networks have emerged as a next-generation network system that complements existing terrestrial networks. Although there is a possibility that the satellite network may fail to provide a user experience comparable to that of a terrestrial network, it has not only the advantage of being capable of providing communication services even in areas where it is difficult to build a terrestrial network or in a disaster situation but also has secured economic feasibility due to the recent sharp decrease in satellite launch costs as described above. Further, some companies along with 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards are also conducting research on direct communication between smartphones and satellites.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
Technical Problem
Communications satellites can be classified into low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites, medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellites, and geostationary orbit (GEO) satellites according to their orbits. In general, GEO means a satellite at an altitude of about 36000 km, MEO means a satellite at an altitude of 5000 to 15000 km, and LEO means a satellite at an altitude of 500 to 1000 km. Satellites orbit the Earth at their altitude. When a satellite orbits the Earth, if the centrifugal force generated by the satellite's velocity and the gravitational force pulling the satellite from the Earth match, the satellite can orbit the Earth while maintaining its orbit. Based on this, the required orbital velocity of a satellite can be calculated according to the altitude of the satellite. For example, to maintain an orbit at an altitude of 1000 km, a satellite needs a velocity of 7.3487 km/sec (7.3487 km per second). In the case of a GEO satellite, its orbital velocity coincides with the Earth's rotational velocity, so it always appears to be at the same position on the ground. Due to the fast movement speed of a satellite, a Doppler effect occurs in the signal transmitted from the satellite, and the center frequency of the signal is shifted. The Doppler effect occurs-when the transmitter and the receiver move relative to each other. In the case of a vehicle moving on the ground, as the speed of the vehicle is much smaller than the speed of light, the shift of the center frequency caused by the Doppler effect is very small. However, in the case of a satellite, since it moves at a speed of about 7 km/sec, which is very fast compared to a vehicle on the ground, the shift of the center frequency due to the Doppler effect generated accordingly is relatively large. That is, when a terminal in a satellite network intends to connect to a base station through a satellite, a Doppler effect, which is much greater than the Doppler effect that can occur when a terminal and a base station directly communicate in a terrestrial network, occurs between the satellite network and the terminal on the ground.
Since the center frequency shifts according to such a large Doppler effect, the center frequency of the signal transmitted by the transmitter is changed and received by the receiver. Hence, if the receiver does not know the shifted center frequency of the transmitted signal, reception performance may be very poor. To solve this problem, a method for correcting the Doppler effect occurring between a satellite network and a terminal on the ground is required.
Solution to Problem
To solve the above problems, in the disclosure, a method performed by a terminal supporting non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication in a wireless communication system may include: identifying a synchronization raster to perform initial access for NTN communication; and receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a satellite based on the identified synchronization raster, wherein the position of the synchronization raster may be identified by a global synchronization channel number (GSCN), and wherein each GSCN may be determined based on a first parameter related to the order of clusters formed by at least one synchronization raster and a second parameter related to the order of synchronization rasters included in a cluster.
Further, in the above method, the transmission frequency of the SSB may be corrected based on a Doppler effect between the satellite and the terminal.
In the above method, the SSB may be transmitted by a base station and received via the satellite.
Here, the above method may further include receiving, from the base station via the satellite, system information indicating that the base station is a base station for the NTN communication.
Further, in case that a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the SSB is 15 kHz and the frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, the interval between the 1st synchronization rasters included respectively in two adjacent clusters may be greater than 1200 kHz.
Further, in case that the SSB has a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz and the frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, the interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster may be less than 50 kHz.
Further, in case that the SSB has an SCS of 15 kHz and the frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, the maximum value of the first parameter may be less than 2499 or the number of synchronization rasters included in a cluster may be less than 3.
Further, the interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster may be determined based on the altitude of the satellite.
According to another embodiment of the disclosure, a terminal supporting non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication in a wireless communication system may include: a transceiver to transmit and receive-signals; and a controller connected to the transceiver, wherein the controller may be configured to: identify a synchronization raster to perform initial access for NTN communication; and receive a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a satellite based on the identified synchronization raster, wherein the position of the synchronization raster may be identified by a global synchronization channel number (GSCN), and wherein each GSCN may be determined based on a first parameter related to the order of clusters formed by at least one synchronization raster and a second parameter related to the order of synchronization rasters included in a cluster.
Advantageous Effects of Invention
According to various embodiments of the disclosure, the terminal may connect to the base station via a satellite, and the base station may notify the terminal of a frequency offset and the terminal may correct the time offset, so that signals can be effectively exchanged between the base station and the terminal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic structure of a time-frequency domain, which is a radio resource region in which a data or control channel is transmitted in downlink or uplink in a new radio (NR) system.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a control region in which a downlink control channel is transmitted in a 5G wireless communication system.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example in which eMBB (enhanced mobile broadband) data, URLLC (ultra reliable low latency communications) data, and mMTC (massive machine type communications) data are allocated over the entire system frequency band.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example, in which eMBB data, URLLC data, and mMTC data are allocated in parts of the system frequency band.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a process in which one transport block is divided into several code blocks and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is inserted.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing how a synchronization signal (SS) and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) are mapped in the frequency-time domain in an NR system.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating symbols capable of carrying an SS/PBCH block (SSB) according to the subcarrier spacing.
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a UE processing time according to a timing advance (TA) when the UE receives a first signal and transmits a second signal correspondingly in a 5G or NR system according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of scheduling and transmitting data (e.g., transport blocks (TBs)) on the basis of slots, receiving HARQ-ACK (hybrid automatic repeat request acknowledgement) feedback for the corresponding data, and performing retransmissions based on the feedback.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of a communication system using satellites.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating orbital periods of communication satellites revolving around the Earth according to their altitudes or heights.
FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram illustrating satellite-UE direct communication.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating usage scenarios of satellite-UE direct communication.
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of calculating expected data throughput in the uplink when a LEO satellite at an altitude of 1200 km and a UE on the ground perform direct communication.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of calculating an expected data throughput in the uplink when a GEO satellite at an altitude of 35,786 km and a UE on the ground perform direct communication.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating path loss values according to a path loss model between a UE and a satellite and a path loss model between a UE and a terrestrial base station.
FIG. 17 is a diagram showing equations for calculating the amount of Doppler shift experienced by a signal transmitted from a satellite and received by a ground user according to the altitude and position of the satellite and the position of the UE user on the ground, and the calculated results.
FIG. 18 illustrates the velocity of a satellite calculated with the varying altitude thereof.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating Doppler shifts experienced by different UEs in one beam transmitted from a satellite to the ground.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing differences in Doppler shift occurring in one beam according to the satellite position determined from the elevation angle.
FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating latency from UE to satellite and round-trip latency between UE, satellite, and base station according to the satellite position determined from the elevation angle.
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating the maximum difference in the round-trip time depending on the user's location in one beam.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the information structure of RAR.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between the reception time of a physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble configuration resource and the reception time of a random access response (RAR) in an LTE system.
FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between the reception time of a PRACH preamble configuration resource and the reception time of a RAR in a 5G NR system.
FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of downlink frame timing and uplink frame timing in a UE.
FIG. 27 A is a diagram illustrating an example of continuous motion of a satellite for a UE located on the ground of the Earth or on the Earth as the satellite revolves around the Earth along a satellite orbit.
FIG. 27 B is a diagram showing an example of the structure of an artificial satellite.
FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a candidate position where the center frequency of a synchronization signal can be located in an NR system.
FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of positions of a synchronization raster in an NR system and an example of the position of an SSB (signal including PSS/SSS/PBCH) that can be transmitted at one of them.
FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example of changing the interval between clusters as a scheme of changing the interval between synchronization rasters in a satellite network frequency band.
FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of changing the interval between synchronization rasters within one cluster as a scheme of changing the interval between synchronization rasters in a satellite network frequency band.
FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating additional positions for SSB search in consideration of a frequency offset that may occur in satellite communication.
FIG. 33 A is a diagram illustrating additional positions for SSB search in consideration of a frequency offset that may occur in satellite communication.
FIG. 33 B is a schematic diagram illustrating calculation of a frequency offset based on the positions of a satellite, a UE, and a ground station in a communication system according to various embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 34 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a UE according to various embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 35 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a satellite according to various embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 36 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the internal structure of a base station according to various embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 37 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an example base station according to embodiments of the disclosure.
FIG. 38 is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of an example UE according to embodiments of the disclosure.
MODE FOR THE INVENTION
The NR (New Radio access technology) system as new 5G communication is being designed so that various services can be freely multiplexed in time and frequency resources, and the waveform, numerology, reference signals or the like can be dynamically or freely allocated according to the needs of corresponding services. To provide optimal services to UEs in wireless communication, it is important to optimize data transmission through measurement of the channel quality and interference amount, and accurate measurement of channel conditions is essential correspondingly. However, in the case of 5G channels, unlike 4G communication where channel and interference characteristics do not change greatly according to frequency resources, the channel and interference characteristics may change greatly depending on services, so that it is necessary to support subsets of a frequency resource group (FRG) that can be measured in a divisible manner. On the other hand, the types of services supported in the NR system can be divided into categories such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC). eMBB can be seen as services aiming at high-speed transmission of high-capacity data, mMTC can be seen as services aiming at connecting many UEs with minimal UE power, and URLLC can be seen as services aiming at high reliability and low latency. Different requirements may be applied according to the types of services related to the UE.
In this way, a plurality of services can be provided to the user in the communication system, and, to provide such plural services to a user, a method capable of providing individual services within the same time period according to characteristics and an apparatus using the method are required.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the following description of embodiments, descriptions of technical details well known in the art and not directly related to the disclosure may be omitted. This is to more clearly convey the subject matter of the disclosure without obscurities by omitting unnecessary descriptions.
Likewise, in the drawings, some elements are exaggerated, omitted, or only outlined in brief. Also, the size of each element does not necessarily reflect the actual size. The same or similar reference symbols are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
Advantages and features of the disclosure and methods for achieving them will be apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments disclosed below but may be implemented in various different ways, the embodiments are provided only to complete the disclosure and to fully inform the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains, and the disclosure is defined only by the scope of the claims. The same reference symbols are used throughout the description to refer to the same parts.
Meanwhile, it will be appreciated that blocks of a flowchart and a combination of flowcharts may be executed by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded on a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or programmable data processing equipment, and the instructions executed by the processor of a computer or programmable data processing equipment create a means for carrying out functions described in blocks of the flowchart. To implement the functionality in a certain way, the computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer usable or readable memory that is applicable in a specialized computer or a programmable data processing equipment, and it is possible for the computer program instructions stored in a computer usable or readable memory to produce articles of manufacture that contain a means for carrying out functions described in blocks of the flowchart. As the computer program instructions may be loaded on a computer or a programmable data processing equipment, when the computer program instructions are executed as processes having a series of operations on a computer or a programmable data processing equipment, they may provide steps for executing functions described in blocks of the flowchart.
Each block of a flowchart may correspond to a module, a segment or a code containing one or more executable instructions for executing one or more logical functions, or to a part thereof. It should also be noted that functions described by blocks may be executed in an order different from the listed order in some alternative cases. For example, two blocks listed in sequence may be executed substantially at the same time or executed in reverse order according to the corresponding functionality.
Here, the word âunitâ, âmoduleâ, or the like used in the embodiments may refer to a software component or a hardware component such as an FPGA or ASIC capable of carrying out a function or an operation. However, âunitâ or the like is not limited to hardware or software. A unit or the like may be configured so as to reside in an addressable storage medium or to drive one or more processors. For example, units or the like may refer to components such as a software component, object-oriented software component, class component or task component, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, program code segments, drivers, firmware, microcode, circuits, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays, or variables. A function provided by a component and unit may be a combination of smaller components and units, and it may be combined with others to compose larger components and units. Components and units may be implemented to drive one or more processors in a device or a secure multimedia card. In addition, a unit or the like may include one or more processors in an embodiment.
In contrast to early wireless communication systems that provided voice-oriented services only, advanced broadband wireless communication systems, such as 3GPP high speed packet access (HSPA), long term evolution (LTE) or evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA), LTE-advanced (LTE-A), 3GPP2 high rate packet data (HRPD), ultra mobile broadband (UMB), and IEEE 802.16e communication standards, may provide high-speed and high-quality packet data services. In addition, communication standards are being developed for 5G or NR (new radio) systems as the fifth generation wireless communication system.
As a representative example of the broadband wireless communication system, the NR system employs orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL). More specifically, cyclic-prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) is employed in the downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spreading OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) is employed along with CP-OFDM in the uplink. The uplink refers to a radio link through which a terminal (user equipment (UE) or mobile station (MS)) sends a data or control signal to a base station (BS, gNode B), and the downlink refers to a radio link through which a base station sends a data or control signal to a UE. In such a multiple access scheme, time-frequency resources used to carry user data or control information are allocated so as not to overlap each other (i.e., maintain orthogonality) to thereby identify the data or control information of a specific user.
The NR system employs hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) to retransmit corresponding data at the physical layer when a decoding error has occurred in the initial transmission. HARQ is a scheme that enables the receiver having failed in decoding data to transmit information (negative acknowledgement (NACK)) indicating the decoding failure to the transmitter so that the transmitter can retransmit the corresponding data at the physical layer. The receiver may combine the retransmitted data with the previously received data for which decoding has failed, increasing data reception performance. Further, when the data is correctly decoded, the receiver may send information (acknowledgement (ACK)) indicating successful decoding to the transmitter so that the transmitter can transmit new data.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the basic structure of a time-frequency domain, which is a radio resource region in which a data or control channel is transmitted in downlink or uplink in an NR system.
In FIG. 1 , the horizontal axis denotes the time domain and the vertical axis denotes the frequency domain. In the time domain, the minimum transmission unit is OFDM symbols, and N symb OFDM symbols 102 are grouped to form one slot 106 . The length of a subframe is defined to be 1.0 ms, and the radio frame 114 is defined to be 10 ms. In the frequency domain, the minimum transmission unit is subcarriers, and the total system transmission bandwidth is composed of a total of N BW subcarriers 104 . One frame may be defined to be 10 ms. One subframe may be defined to be 1 ms, and thus one frame may be composed of a total of 10 subframes. One slot may be defined to be 14 OFDM symbols (i.e. the number of symbols per slot (N slot symb )=14). One subframe may be composed of one or multiple slots, and the number of slots per subframe may vary according to a setting value μ for the subcarrier spacing. In an example of FIG. 2 , a case where μ=0 and a case where μ=1 are shown as a subcarrier spacing setting value. When μ=0, 1 subframe may be composed of 1 slot, and when μ=1, 1 subframe may be composed of 2 slots. That is, according to the setting value μ for the subcarrier spacing, the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,μ slot ) may vary, and the number of slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) may vary accordingly. According to each setting value p for the subcarrier spacing, N subframe,μ slot and N frame,μ slot may be defined as in Table 1 below.
TABLE 1
μ
N symb slot
N slot frame,μ
N slot subframe,μ
0
14
10
1
1
14
20
2
2
14
40
4
3
14
80
8
4
14
160
16
A UE before radio resource control (RRC) establishment may be configured with an initial bandwidth part (initial BWP) for initial access by the base station through a master information block (MIB). To be more specific, in the initial access step, the UE may receive configuration information about a control resource set (CORESET) and a search space, in which a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can be transmitted, for receiving system information required for initial access (may correspond to remaining system information (RMSI) or system information block 1 (SIB1)) through the MIB. The control resource set and the search space configured by the MIB can each be regarded as having an identity (ID) of 0. The base station may notify the UE of configuration information, such as frequency assignment information, time assignment information, and numerology for control resource set #0 through the MIB. In addition, through the MIB, the base station may notify the UE of configuration information about the monitoring periodicity and occasions for control resource set #0, that is, configuration information about search space #0. The UE may regard the frequency domain set as control resource set #0 obtained from the MIB as an initial bandwidth part for the initial access. Here, the identifier (ID) of the initial bandwidth part may be regarded as 0.
The MIB may include information as shown in Table 2 and Table 3 below.
TABLE 2
-- ASN1START
-- TAG-MIB-START
MIB ::=
SEQUENCE {
âsystemFrameNumber
ââââBIT STRING (SIZE (6)),
âsubCarrierSpacingCommon
âââENUMERATED {scs15or60,
scs30or120},
âssb-SubcarrierOffset
âINTEGER (0..15),
âdmrs-TypeA-Position
ââENUMERATED {pos2, pos3},
âpdcch-ConfigSIB1
ââPDCCH-ConfigSIB1,
âcellBarred
ââENUMERATED {barred, notBarred},
âintraFreqReselection
âENUMERATED {allowed, notAllowed},
âspare
ââBIT STRING (SIZE (1))
}
-- TAG-MIB-STOP
-- ASN1STOP
TABLE 3
MIB field descriptions
cellBarred
Value barred means that the cell is barred, as defined in TS 38.304 [20].
dmrs-TypeA-Position
Position of (first) DM-RS for downlink (see TS 38.211 [16], clause 7.4.1.1.2) and uplink (see
TS 38.211 [16], clause 6.4.1.1.3).
intraFreqReselection
Controls cell selection/reselection to intra-frequency cells when the highest ranked cell is
barred, or treated as barred by the UE, as specified in TS 38.304 [20].
pdcch-ConfigSIB1
Determines a common ControlResourceSet (CORESET), a common search space and necessary PDCCH
parameters. If the field ssb-SubcarrierOffset indicates that S1B1 is absent, the field pdcch-
ConfigSIB1 indicates the frequency positions where the UE may find SS/PBCH block with SIB1 or
the frequency range where the network does not provide SS/PBCH block with SIB1 (see TS 38.213
[13], clause 13).
ssb-SubcarrierOffset
Corresponds to k SSB (see TS 38.213 [13]), which is the frequency domain offset between SSB and
the overall resource block grid in number of subcarriers. (See TS 38.211 [16], clause 7.4.3.1).
The value range of this field may be extended by an additional most significant bit encoded
within PBCH as specified in TS 38.213 [13].
This field may indicate that this cell does not provide SIB1 and that there is hence no
CORESET#0 configured in MIB (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 13). In this case, the field pdcch-
ConfigSIB1 may indicate the frequency positions where the UE may (not) find a SS/PBCH with a
control resource set and search space for SIB1 (see TS 38.213 [13], clause 13).
subCarrierSpacingCommon
Subcarrier spacing for SIB1, Msg.2/4 for initial access, paging and broadcast SI-messages. If
the UE acquires this MIB on an FR1 carrier frequency, the value scs15or60 corresponds to 15 kHz
and the value scs30or120 corresponds to 30 kHz. If the UE acquires this MIB on an FR2 carrier
frequency, the value scs15or60 corresponds to 60 kHz and the value scs30or120 corresponds to
120 KHz.
systemFrameNumber
The 6 most significant bits (MSB) of the 10-bit System Frame Number (SFN). The 4 LSB of the SFN
are conveyed in the PBCH transport block as part of channel coding (i.e. outside the MIB
encoding), as defined in clause 7.1 in TS 38.212 [17].
In the method of configuring a bandwidth part, before RRC connection is established, the UE may receive configuration information for the initial bandwidth part via the MIB at the initial access step. To be more specific, the UE may be configured with a control, resource set for a downlink control channel, in which downlink control information (DOI) that schedules SIBs can be transmitted, from the MIB of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH). Here, the bandwidth of the control resource set configured by the MIB can be regarded as the initial bandwidth part, and the UE may receive a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) over which the SIB is transmitted, through the configured initial bandwidth part. In addition to the purpose of receiving the SIB, the initial bandwidth part may be used for other system information (OSI), paging, and random access.
When one or more bandwidth parts are configured for the UE, the base station may instruct the UE to switch the bandwidth part by using a bandwidth part indicator field in the DCI.
A basic unit in the time-frequency domain is a resource element (RE) 112 , which may be represented by an OFDM symbol index and a subcarrier index. A resource block (RB) 108 (or, physical resource block (PRB)) is defined as N RB consecutive subcarriers 110 in the frequency domain. In general, the minimum transmission unit of data is the RB unit. Generally in the NR system, N symb =14 and N RB =12, and N BW is proportional to the bandwidth of the system transmission band. The data rate may be increased in proportion to the number of RBs scheduled for the UE.
In the case of an FDD system where the downlink and the uplink are separated by a frequency in the NR system, the downlink transmission bandwidth and the uplink transmission bandwidth may be different from each other. The channel bandwidth represents an RF bandwidth corresponding to the system transmission bandwidth. Table 4 and Table 5 represent a part of the correspondence between the system transmission bandwidth, subcarrier spacing, and channel bandwidth defined in the NR system for frequency range 1 (FR1) of frequencies lower than 6 GHz and frequency range 2 (FR2) of frequencies higher than 6 GHz. For example, in an NR system having a subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz and a channel bandwidth of 100 MHz, the transmission bandwidth is composed of 273 RBs. Here, âN/Aâ may indicate a bandwidth-subcarrier combination not supported in the NR system.
TABLE 4
5
10
15
20
25
30
40
50
60
80
90
100
SCS
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
MHz
(kHz)
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
NRB
15
25
52
79
106
133
160
216
270
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
30
11
24
38
51
65
78
106
133
162
217
245
273
60
N/A
11
18
24
CLAIMS
Claims ( 15 )
The invention claimed is:
1 . A method performed by a terminal supporting non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication in a wireless communication system, the method comprising:
identifying a synchronization raster to perform initial access for NTN communication; and receiving a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a satellite based on the identified synchronization raster, wherein a position of the synchronization raster is identified by a global synchronization channel number (GSCN), wherein each GSCN is determined based on a first parameter related to an order of clusters formed by at least one synchronization raster and a second parameter related to an order of synchronization rasters included in a cluster.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a transmission frequency of the SSB is corrected based on a Doppler effect between the satellite and the terminal.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the SSB is transmitted by a base station and received via the satellite.
4 . The method of claim 3 , further comprising receiving, from the base station via the satellite, system information indicating that the base station is a base station for the NTN communication.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in case that a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the SSB is 15 kHz and a frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, an interval between 1 st synchronization rasters included respectively in two adjacent clusters is greater than 1200 kHz or an interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster is less than 50 kHz.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in case that an SCS of the SSB is 15 kHz and a frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, a maximum value of the first parameter is less than 2499 or a number of synchronization rasters included in a cluster is less than 3.
7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster is determined based on an altitude of the satellite.
8 . A terminal supporting non-terrestrial network (NTN) communication in a wireless communication system, comprising:
a transceiver to transmit and receive signals; and a controller connected to the transceiver, wherein the controller is configured to:
identify a synchronization raster to perform initial access for NTN communication, and
receive a synchronization signal block (SSB) from a satellite based on the identified synchronization raster,
wherein a position of the synchronization raster is identified by a global synchronization channel number (GSCN), wherein each GSCN is determined based on a first parameter related to an order of clusters formed by at least one synchronization raster and a second parameter related to an order of synchronization rasters included in a cluster.
9 . The terminal of claim 8 , wherein a transmission frequency of the SSB is corrected based on a Doppler effect between the satellite and the terminal.
10 . The terminal of claim 8 , wherein the SSB is transmitted by a base station and received via the satellite.
11 . The terminal of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to receive, from the base station via the satellite, system information indicating that the base station is a base station for the NTN communication.
12 . The terminal of claim 8 , wherein in case that a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the SSB is 15 kHz and a frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, an interval between 1 st synchronization rasters included respectively in two adjacent clusters is greater than 1200 kHz or an interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster is less than 50 kHz.
13 . The terminal of claim 8 , wherein in case that an SCS of the SSB is 15 kHz and a frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, a maximum value of the first parameter is less than 2499.
14 . The terminal of claim 8 , wherein in case that an SCS of the SSB is 15 kHz and a frequency band for the initial access is lower than 3000 MHz, a number of synchronization rasters included in a cluster is less than 3.
15 . The terminal of claim 8 , wherein an interval between two adjacent synchronization rasters included in a cluster is determined based on an altitude of the satellite.
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