ABSTRACT
Abstract
A communication method and an apparatus in a wireless communication system are provided. The communication method includes identifying, by a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a UE, selecting, by the first satellite, a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway, and requesting, by the first satellite, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) of a Korean patent application number 10-2021-0083386, filed on Jun. 25, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT
The disclosure was made by or on behalf of the below listed parties to a joint research agreement. The joint research agreement was in effect on or before the date the disclosure was made and the disclosure was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the joint research agreement. The parties to the joint research agreement are 1) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and 2) Korea University Research and Business Foundation.
BACKGROUND
1. Filed
The disclosure relates to a communication method and apparatus in a wireless communication environment associated with a satellite.
2. Description of Related Art
Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, the technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. Following the commercialization of 5th-generation (5G) communication systems, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected things may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6th-generation (6G) era, there have been ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as beyond-5G systems.
6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bps and a radio latency less than 100 μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1/10 radio latency thereof.
In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been considered to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz band (for example, 95 GHz to 3 THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (that is, coverage) will become more crucial. It is necessary to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies, such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there has been ongoing discussion on new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).
Moreover, in order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems a full-duplex technology for enabling an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time, a network technology for utilizing satellites, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), and the like in an integrated manner, an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations and the like and enabling network operation optimization and automation and the like, a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage, an use of artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improvement of overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions, and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of UE computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as mobile edge computing (MEC), clouds, and the like) over the network. In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.
It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) as well as machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services, such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services, such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields, such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the disclosure.
SUMMARY
Aspects of the disclosure are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure is to provide a communication method and apparatus capable of reducing a delay in a wireless communication system using a satellite.
Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a communication method and apparatus capable of reducing traffic overhead occurring when a control procedure is performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite.
Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a communication method and apparatus for operating a space core network (SCN) in a wireless communication system using a satellite.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.
In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a communication method in a wireless communication system using at least one satellite is provided. The communication method includes identifying, by a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a user equipment (UE), selecting, by the first satellite, a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway, and requesting, by the first satellite, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a communication method in a wireless communication system using at least one satellite is provided. The communication method includes receiving, by a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway from a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), an allocation request for a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a protocol data unit (PDU) session which is requested by a UE, and allocating the port number which is matched to a first source internet protocol (IP) address which corresponds to the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel, wherein the satellite gateway manages a matching table including information in which the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel is matched to the port number, wherein the first GTP-U tunnel is used in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, and wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a satellite in a wireless communication system is provided. The satellite includes a transceiver, and a processor configured to identify a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a UE, select a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway, and request, via the transceiver, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, wherein the satellite includes a session management function within a space core network (SCN), and the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway in a wireless communication system is provided. The satellite gateway includes a transceiver, and a processor configured to receive, from a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN) via the transceiver, an allocation request for a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a protocol data unit (PDU) session which is requested by a UE, allocate the port number which is matched to a first source internet protocol (IP) address which corresponds to the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel, and manage a matching table including information in which the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel is matched to the port number, wherein the first GTP-U tunnel is used in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, and wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses various embodiments of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a communication system using a non-geostationary satellite systems (NGSO) scheme according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless communication system for reducing a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground when a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure is performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing a communication method using a persistent GTP-U tunnel in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing a packet transmission method using a persistent GTP-U tunnel according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 8 A and 8 B are flowcharts illustrating a PDU session establishment procedure among control procedures performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to various embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing control traffic overhead and a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground when an existing network triggered service request procedure is performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system using a satellite to which a network trigged service request procedure is applied according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a diagram for describing a scheme of piggybacking downlink data to a data notification message and transmitting the data notification message in a wireless communication system using a satellite to which a network trigged service request procedure is applied according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 12 A and 12 B are flowcharts illustrating a network trigged service request procedure in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to various embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a diagram for describing a communication method for registering a UE in a new SCN in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a communication method for registering a UE in a new SCN in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a registration procedure of a UE in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
<div id="p-0036" num="0035"
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) of a Korean patent application number 10-2021-0083386, filed on Jun. 25, 2021, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT
The disclosure was made by or on behalf of the below listed parties to a joint research agreement. The joint research agreement was in effect on or before the date the disclosure was made and the disclosure was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the joint research agreement. The parties to the joint research agreement are 1) Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. and 2) Korea University Research and Business Foundation.
BACKGROUND
1. Filed
The disclosure relates to a communication method and apparatus in a wireless communication environment associated with a satellite.
2. Description of Related Art
Considering the development of wireless communication from generation to generation, the technologies have been developed mainly for services targeting humans, such as voice calls, multimedia services, and data services. Following the commercialization of 5th-generation (5G) communication systems, it is expected that the number of connected devices will exponentially grow. Increasingly, these will be connected to communication networks. Examples of connected things may include vehicles, robots, drones, home appliances, displays, smart sensors connected to various infrastructures, construction machines, and factory equipment. Mobile devices are expected to evolve in various form-factors, such as augmented reality glasses, virtual reality headsets, and hologram devices. In order to provide various services by connecting hundreds of billions of devices and things in the 6th-generation (6G) era, there have been ongoing efforts to develop improved 6G communication systems. For these reasons, 6G communication systems are referred to as beyond-5G systems.
6G communication systems, which are expected to be commercialized around 2030, will have a peak data rate of tera (1,000 giga)-level bps and a radio latency less than 100 μsec, and thus will be 50 times as fast as 5G communication systems and have the 1/10 radio latency thereof.
In order to accomplish such a high data rate and an ultra-low latency, it has been considered to implement 6G communication systems in a terahertz band (for example, 95 GHz to 3 THz bands). It is expected that, due to severer path loss and atmospheric absorption in the terahertz bands than those in mmWave bands introduced in 5G, technologies capable of securing the signal transmission distance (that is, coverage) will become more crucial. It is necessary to develop, as major technologies for securing the coverage, radio frequency (RF) elements, antennas, novel waveforms having a better coverage than orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), beamforming and massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO), full dimensional MIMO (FD-MIMO), array antennas, and multiantenna transmission technologies, such as large-scale antennas. In addition, there has been ongoing discussion on new technologies for improving the coverage of terahertz-band signals, such as metamaterial-based lenses and antennas, orbital angular momentum (OAM), and reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS).
Moreover, in order to improve the spectral efficiency and the overall network performances, the following technologies have been developed for 6G communication systems a full-duplex technology for enabling an uplink transmission and a downlink transmission to simultaneously use the same frequency resource at the same time, a network technology for utilizing satellites, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS), and the like in an integrated manner, an improved network structure for supporting mobile base stations and the like and enabling network operation optimization and automation and the like, a dynamic spectrum sharing technology via collision avoidance based on a prediction of spectrum usage, an use of artificial intelligence (AI) in wireless communication for improvement of overall network operation by utilizing AI from a designing phase for developing 6G and internalizing end-to-end AI support functions, and a next-generation distributed computing technology for overcoming the limit of UE computing ability through reachable super-high-performance communication and computing resources (such as mobile edge computing (MEC), clouds, and the like) over the network. In addition, through designing new protocols to be used in 6G communication systems, developing mechanisms for implementing a hardware-based security environment and safe use of data, and developing technologies for maintaining privacy, attempts to strengthen the connectivity between devices, optimize the network, promote softwarization of network entities, and increase the openness of wireless communications are continuing.
It is expected that research and development of 6G communication systems in hyper-connectivity, including person to machine (P2M) as well as machine to machine (M2M), will allow the next hyper-connected experience. Particularly, it is expected that services, such as truly immersive extended reality (XR), high-fidelity mobile hologram, and digital replica could be provided through 6G communication systems. In addition, services, such as remote surgery for security and reliability enhancement, industrial automation, and emergency response will be provided through the 6G communication system such that the technologies could be applied in various fields, such as industry, medical care, automobiles, and home appliances.
The above information is presented as background information only to assist with an understanding of the disclosure. No determination has been made, and no assertion is made, as to whether any of the above might be applicable as prior art with regard to the disclosure.
SUMMARY
Aspects of the disclosure are to address at least the above-mentioned problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described below. Accordingly, an aspect of the disclosure is to provide a communication method and apparatus capable of reducing a delay in a wireless communication system using a satellite.
Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a communication method and apparatus capable of reducing traffic overhead occurring when a control procedure is performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite.
Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a communication method and apparatus for operating a space core network (SCN) in a wireless communication system using a satellite.
Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.
In accordance with an aspect of the disclosure, a communication method in a wireless communication system using at least one satellite is provided. The communication method includes identifying, by a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a user equipment (UE), selecting, by the first satellite, a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway, and requesting, by the first satellite, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a communication method in a wireless communication system using at least one satellite is provided. The communication method includes receiving, by a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway from a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), an allocation request for a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a protocol data unit (PDU) session which is requested by a UE, and allocating the port number which is matched to a first source internet protocol (IP) address which corresponds to the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel, wherein the satellite gateway manages a matching table including information in which the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel is matched to the port number, wherein the first GTP-U tunnel is used in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, and wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a satellite in a wireless communication system is provided. The satellite includes a transceiver, and a processor configured to identify a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a UE, select a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway, and request, via the transceiver, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, wherein the satellite includes a session management function within a space core network (SCN), and the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
In accordance with another aspect of the disclosure, a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway in a wireless communication system is provided. The satellite gateway includes a transceiver, and a processor configured to receive, from a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN) via the transceiver, an allocation request for a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a protocol data unit (PDU) session which is requested by a UE, allocate the port number which is matched to a first source internet protocol (IP) address which corresponds to the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel, and manage a matching table including information in which the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel is matched to the port number, wherein the first GTP-U tunnel is used in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, and wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
Other aspects, advantages, and salient features of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed drawings, discloses various embodiments of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a communication system using a non-geostationary satellite systems (NGSO) scheme according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless communication system for reducing a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground when a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure is performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing a communication method using a persistent GTP-U tunnel in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a diagram for describing a packet transmission method using a persistent GTP-U tunnel according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 8 A and 8 B are flowcharts illustrating a PDU session establishment procedure among control procedures performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to various embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a diagram for describing control traffic overhead and a delay occurring between a satellite and a ground when an existing network triggered service request procedure is performed in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system using a satellite to which a network trigged service request procedure is applied according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a diagram for describing a scheme of piggybacking downlink data to a data notification message and transmitting the data notification message in a wireless communication system using a satellite to which a network trigged service request procedure is applied according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 12 A and 12 B are flowcharts illustrating a network trigged service request procedure in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to various embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 13 is a diagram for describing a communication method for registering a UE in a new SCN in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a communication method for registering a UE in a new SCN in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating a registration procedure of a UE in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 16 A and 16 B are diagrams illustrating a case that a location update occurs due to mobility of a satellite in a wireless communication system using the satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 17 is a diagram for describing mobility management using a tracking area (TA) and an earth fixed area (EA) in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 18 A and 18 B are diagrams for describing mobility management based on an EA in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 19 is a diagram for describing a situation which may occur during mobility management based on only an EA in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
FIGS. 20 A, 20 B, 20 C, and 20 D are diagrams for describing a method of managing mobility by adaptively using an EA and a TA in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to various embodiments of the disclosure;
FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for managing mobility of a UE in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and
FIG. 22 is a block diagram illustrating a structure of a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Throughout the drawings, like reference numerals will be understood to refer to like parts, components, and structures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following description with reference to the accompanying drawings is provided to assist in a comprehensive understanding of various embodiments of the disclosure as defined by the claims and their equivalents. It includes various specific details to assist in that understanding but these are to be regarded as merely exemplary. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications of the various embodiments described herein can be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. In addition, descriptions of well-known functions and constructions may be omitted for clarity and conciseness.
The terms and words used in the following description and claims are not limited to the bibliographical meanings, but, are merely used by the inventor to enable a clear and consistent understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the following description of various embodiments of the disclosure is provided for illustration purpose only and not for the purpose of limiting the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
It is to be understood that the singular forms âa,â âan,â and âtheâ include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to âa component surfaceâ includes reference to one or more of such surfaces.
It should be appreciated that the blocks in each flowchart and combinations of the flowcharts may be performed by computer program instructions. Since the computer program instructions may be equipped in a processor of a general-use computer, a special-use computer or other programmable data processing devices, the instructions executed through a processor of a computer or other programmable data processing devices generate means for performing the functions described in connection with a block(s) of each flowchart. Since the computer program instructions may be stored in a computer-available or computer-readable memory that may be oriented to a computer or other programmable data processing devices to implement a function in a specified manner, the instructions stored in the computer-available or computer-readable memory may produce a product including an instruction means for performing the functions described in connection with a block(s) in each flowchart. Since the computer program instructions may be equipped in a computer or other programmable data processing devices, instructions that generate a process executed by a computer as a series of operations are performed over the computer or other programmable data processing devices and operate the computer or other programmable data processing devices may provide operations for executing the functions described in connection with a block(s) in each flowchart.
Further, each block may represent a module, segment, or part of a code including one or more executable instructions for executing a specified logical function(s). Further, it should also be noted that in some replacement embodiments of the disclosure, the functions mentioned in the blocks may occur in different orders. For example, two blocks that are consecutively shown may be performed substantially simultaneously or in a reverse order depending on corresponding functions.
As used herein, the term âunitâ used in an embodiment of the disclosure means a software element or a hardware element. A unit plays a certain role. However, the term âunitâ is not limited as meaning a software or hardware element. A âunitâ may be configured in a storage medium that may be addressed or may be configured to reproduce one or more processors. Accordingly, as an example, a âunitâ includes elements, such as software elements, object-oriented software elements, class elements, and task elements, processes, functions, attributes, procedures, subroutines, segments of program codes, drivers, firmware, microcodes, circuits, data, databases, data architectures, tables, arrays, and variables. A function provided in an element or a âunitâ may be combined with additional elements or may be split into sub elements or sub units. Further, an element or a âunitâ may be implemented to reproduce one or more CPUs in a device or a security multimedia card. According to embodiments of the disclosure, a â . . . unitâ may include one or more processors.
In the disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may include a terminal, a mobile station (MS), a cellular phone, a smart phone, a computer, or a multimedia system capable of performing a communication function. Further, embodiments of the disclosure may be applied to other communication systems having a technical background or channel format similar to an embodiment of the disclosure which will be described below. Further, embodiments of the disclosure may be modified in such a range as not to significantly depart from the scope of the disclosure under the determination by one of ordinary skill in the art and such modifications may be applicable to other communication systems.
Hereinafter, a term for identifying an access node/network entity, a term referring to a network entity or network functions (NFs), a term referring to messages, a term referring to interfaces between network objects, a term referring to various identification information, or the like, which are used in a description of the disclosure are exemplified for convenience of description. Accordingly, the disclosure is not limited to terms to be described below, and other terms referring to objects having equivalent technical meanings may be used.
In describing embodiments of the disclosure, a communication system to which the disclosure is applied may use various wired or wireless communication systems, for example, a next-generation communication system capable of communicating with a satellite, such as a fifth generation (5G) system or a sixth (6G) communication system proposed by third generation partnership project (3GPP) as a wireless communication standard standardization organization, or the like. Further, embodiments of the disclosure may be modified in such a range as not to significantly depart from the scope of the disclosure under the determination by one of ordinary skill in the art and such modifications may be applicable to other communication systems having a similar technical background.
In the following description, a term referring to a network entity(s), a term referring to messages, a term referring to information transmitted and received between network entities, and/or the like are exemplified for convenience of description. Therefore, the disclosure is not limited to terms used in the disclosure, and other terms referring to objects having equivalent technical meanings may be used.
An existing network configuration scheme of extending a coverage of a mobile network by installing a number of base stations on a ground in a communication system is inefficient in terms of facility investment or operating cost to cover all areas on the ground for service provision, and has a geographical limitation to extend a coverage to include sea and airspace. In Release 17 of 3GPP, a satellite has been considered as a new radio access technology (RAT) with an advantage of extending a coverage of an area where a service is not provided and enhancing reliability in a natural disaster situation. Recently, a plurality of projects which are based on a satellite communication, such as Starlink, OneWeb, or O3b Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) under research at SpaceX Inc. in the United States of America build a satellite constellation environment to provide an internet service anywhere in the world, so it is expected that emergence of a satellite access network (SAN) using a satellite as a RAT will be accelerated.
In this regard, various control procedures (for example, refer to a 3 rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard TS23.501, TS23.502, TS23.503, and/or the like for a related control procedure in a 5G system) such as, for example, a registration procedure, a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment procedure, a network triggered service request procedure, and/or the like performed in a control plane which are defined by 3GPP, a communication standard organization, are designed based on a communication on a ground without consideration of relatively a long propagation delay between the ground and a satellite. Therefore, if the satellite is used only as an access point in a network, a long propagation delay may occur.
The control procedures defined in the 3GPP standard are performed sequentially, packet delivery in a user plane starts after all related control procedures in the control plane are completed, so, if a long propagation delay in the control procedures occurs, a delay experienced by a user receiving a communication service in the satellite constellation environment may be further increased, which may eventually become one of causes of reducing a quality of service (QoS).
For better understanding of the disclosure, an existing communication technology using a satellite will be described.
An example of a communication scheme using a satellite includes a scheme (e.g., an NGSO scheme described in â5GS enhancement to Support gNBs on non-geostationary satellite systems (NGSO) Satellitesâ proposed in 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 23.737, Study on architecture aspects for using satellite access in 5G, V17.1.0, July 2020. The NGSO scheme proposes a scheme of reducing a delay and overhead of control traffic occurring between an access and mobility management function (AMF) in a terrestrial core network (CN) and the satellite.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a communication system using an NGSO scheme according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 1 , a gNB 101 is an on-board base station mounted on a satellite in an outer space. A SAT GW Site
103 a or 103 b represents a gateway which is located on a ground and connects a communication between the satellite and the ground, and an AMF agent
105 a or 105 b is some functions of an AMF 107 which are deployed in the SAT GW Site
103 a or 103 b . The AMF 107 is an NF which manages a wireless network access and mobility for a UE in a terrestrial CN. According to the structure in FIG. 1 , the AMF agent
105 a or 105 b takes charge of the some functions (e.g., management between the UE and a radio access network (RAN), or the like) of the AMF 107 , so it is possible to partially reduce overhead of control traffic which occurs between the AMF 107 on the ground and the satellite and to shorten a delivery path for the control traffic to partially reduce a delay which occurs in processing a control procedure in a control plane. However, the NGSO scheme considers only reduction in a communication between the terrestrial CN and the SAT GW Site
103 a or 103 b which generates a relatively short propagation delay, so the NGSO scheme may not reduce a communication in the control procedure between the terrestrial CN and the satellite which generates a relatively long propagation delay thereby effect of reducing the delay generated in the control procedure is small. In addition, there is a limit in that it may not reduce a bottleneck phenomenon which occurs in the SAT GW site 1003 a or 103 b where traffic is concentrated.
Referring to an IEEE paper (hereinafter, â Paper 1â) by C. Liu et al., âCell-Free Satellite-UAV Networks for 6G Wide-Area Internet of Things,â IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC), to appear, it deals with an issue which occurs in extending a coverage of a network via a geostationary orbit (GEO) satellite. Paper 1 proposes a channel allocation scheme which improves network efficiency between the GEO satellite and a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-swarm which is a cluster of UAVs while assuming a communication environment in which a coverage is extended via the UAV-swarm for an area outside the coverage of a terrestrial network. According to this scheme, there is an effect of addressing an issue of frequency interference which may occur in applying the GEO satellite to a mobile network. However, the scheme proposed in Paper 1 uses the satellite only as an access point of the mobile network, so a long delay occurs in a control procedure performed in a network, which causes QoS reduction, and there is a limitation in that control traffic increases in a CN.
Referring to an IEEE paper (hereinafter, referred to as â Paper 2â) of J. Du et al., âAuction Design and Analysis for SDN-Based Traffic Offloading in Hybrid Satellite-Terrestrial Networks,â IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications ( JSAC ), vol. 36, no. 10, pp. 2202-2217, October 2018, Paper 2 proposes a scheme in which a satellite network offloads traffic from a terrestrial network to process a high data rate and large-capacity traffic. This scheme provides auction-based optimal spectrum sharing for a frequency interference problem which occurs between a terrestrial base station and a satellite base station. In the scheme proposed in Paper 2, a satellite is used only as an access point of a mobile network, so a long delay occurs in a control procedure of a network. So, the scheme proposed in Paper 2 also has a limitation in that it may not provide a low-delay service to a UE.
Referring to Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0067091 (published date: Jun. 11, 2020), âMethod for receiving satellite information and supporting handover in a non-terrestrial network,â the patent publication relates to a scheme of performing a handover between satellite base stations, and proposes a scheme of providing, to a UE before the handover, issues, such as service interruption time which may occur during the handover between the satellite base stations. According to Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0067091, a system parameter is modified, so the UE which receives information about the service interruption time during the handover between the satellite base stations does not determine the service interruption time as a service failure, thereby preventing the service failure. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the UE from performing a re-attachment procedure which causes a long delay due to the service failure. However, the scheme proposed in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-2020-0067091 also has a limitation in that a long delay occurs in a control procedure of a network because a satellite is used only as an access point of a mobile network.
As described above, in existing communication technologies using a satellite, the satellite is used only as an access point of a mobile network, so there is common limitation in that a relatively long delay occurs in a control procedure(s) of a network, and traffic overhead increases in the control procedure(s).
Accordingly, embodiments of the disclosure propose a scheme in which a satellite may be used as an access point and the satellite performs some or all functions of a CN when at least one control procedure is performed.
Specifically, embodiments of the disclosure propose a communication scheme in which a space core network (SCN) is configured by deploying a network function (SNF)(s) at least one satellite in a satellite constellation environment to correspond to an NF and a CN defined in a 3GPP standard, and the SNF(s) in the SCN processes part or all of at least one control procedure which may be performed in the CN.
Embodiments of the disclosure may also be applied to a communication environment in which a UE may communicate directly with a satellite without going through a ground gateway (GROUND-GW) in the satellite constellation environment including a plurality of satellites. In embodiments of the disclosure, a satellite may be a computing node having a computing resource (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a random access memory (RAM), and a storage), and may communicate via a wireless link between satellites (e.g., an inter-satellite link)
According to embodiments of the disclosure, a communication delay between a satellite and a ground may be reduced, and amount of control traffic between the satellite and the ground may be reduced. In the satellite constellation environment, the SNF(s) may be implemented to have a function which corresponds to a related NF(s) in a CN structure defined in, for example, a 3GPP standard, TS23.501. The NF(s) may be a network entity (or an instance), such as an AMF for managing a wireless network access and mobility, a session management function (SMF) for managing a session for a UE, a policy control function (PCF) for managing an operator policy for providing the UE with a service in a wireless communication system, and/or the like. The instance may mean a state in which the NF exists in the form of a software code, a physical and/or logical resource is allocated to the NF from a computing system (e.g., a specific computing system existing in a CN) for the physical computing system to perform a function of a corresponding NF, and the physical computing system may execute the function of the corresponding NF.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 2 , in a satellite constellation environment, an access service via a wireless link is provided to each of a plurality of UEs
210 a , 210 b , . . . , 210 f which are located at beam coverage C 1 , C 2 , . . . , C 6 of a plurality of satellites
230 a , 230 b , . . . , 230 f . To this end, the plurality of satellites
230 a , 230 b , . . . , 230 f may include a base station function for a wireless access of a UE. The
satellites
230 a , 230 c , and 230 e may move along a first orbit ORBIT 1 or may be fixed to an orbit which is a geostationary orbit, and the
satellites
230 b , 230 d , and 230 f may move along a second orbit ORBIT 2 or may be fixed to an orbit which is a geostationary orbit.
An example in FIG. 2 represents an example in which
first satellites
230 a , 230 b , 230 c , and 230 d among the plurality of satellites
230 a , 230 b , . . . , 230 f belong to a first SCN (SCN 1 ), and second satellites
230 e and 230 f among the plurality of satellites
230 a , 230 b , . . . , 230 f belong to a second SCN (SCN 2 ). At least one of the
first satellites
230 a , 230 b , 230 c , and 230 d belonging to the SCN 1 is an SNF(s) constituting the SCN 1 , and may include at least one of a satellite-SMF (S-SMF) and a satellite-AMF (S-AMF). FIG. 2 shows an example of a structure of the SCN 1 in which the satellite 230 a includes an S-SMF and an S-AMF. The S-SMF may be included in the satellite 230 a and perform a function of managing (establishing, modifying, releasing, and/or the like) a session for a UE, and the S-AMF may be included in the satellite 230 a and perform a function of managing a wireless network access and mobility of the UE. The
first satellites
230 a , 230 b , 230 c , and 230 d belonging to the SCN 1 may include a communication interface for a wireless communication between satellites. It is also possible to form a wireless backhaul link defined in a 3GPP standard among the
first satellites
230 a , 230 b , 230 c , and 230 d . Likewise, at least one of the second satellites
230 e and 230 f belonging to the SCN 2 may include at least one of an S-SMF and an S-AMF as an SNF(s) constituting the SCN 2 . FIG. 2 shows an example of a structure of the SCN 2 in which the satellite 230 f includes an S-SMF and an S-AMF.
In the example in FIG. 2 , the satellite 230 d in the SCN 1 may perform a satellite gateway (SAT-GW) function for communicating with a GROUND- GW 250 . The GROUND- GW 250 is connected to a terrestrial core network (TCN) 270 , and the TCN 270 includes an AMF 271 , an SMF 273 , and a user plane function (UPF) 275 which processes data on a user plane. For convenience of description, a satellite core network will be referred to as an SCN and a terrestrial core network will be referred to as a TCN. In the example in FIG. 2 , the SNF(s) or the NF(s) included in the SCN 1 , the SCN 2 , and the TCN 270 is just an example, and some or all of various NFs defined in a 3GPP standard may be implemented in the SCN 1 , the SCN 2 , and the TCN 270 . In FIG. 2 , traffic processed on a control plane and a user plane between the SCN 1 /SCN 2 and the TCN 270 is transmitted/received via the SAT-GW and the GROUND- GW 250 .
In the example in FIG. 2 , if the UE is moved/moves out of a coverage range of an SCN which the UE accesses to a coverage of a new SCN due to mobility of a satellite or mobility of the UE (for example, if the UE is moved/moves from a coverage of the SCN 2 to a coverage of the SCN 1 ), a continuous mobile network service may be provided to the UE via service migration between the SCN 1 and the SCN 2 . The TCN 270 and the SCNs (e.g., the SCN 1 and the SCN 2 ) in the satellite constellation environment are connected via a wireless link between an SAT-GW of the satellite 230 d and the GROUND- GW 250 . According to this, an SNF(s) in the SCN 1 or the SCN 2 and an NF(S) in the TCN 270 in FIG. 2 may be synchronized. The GROUND- GW 250 exists at a fixed location on the ground, so the satellite 230 d physically closest to the GROUND- GW 250 may be selected as an SAT-GW to form a wireless link between the ground and a satellite network. For example, at least one of the plurality of satellites
230 a , 230 b , . . . , 230 f may operate as an SAT-GW communicating with the GROUND- GW 250 .
FIG. 3 is a diagram for describing delay occurring between a satellite and a ground in a wireless communication system using a satellite according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Referring to FIG. 3 , reference numerals {circle around ( 1 )} to {circle around ( 10 )} illustrate a signaling process for performing an arbitrary control procedure. Assuming that four transmissions and receptions {circle around ( 1 )}, {circle around ( 6 )}, {circle around ( 7 )}, and {circle around ( 10 )}) are required between a UE 310 and a satellite 330 in the control procedure, a TCN 370 including related NFs (e.g., an NF 1
371 and an NF 2 372 ) participates in the control procedure, so a communication between a GROUND- GW 350 and the TCN 370 is required as well as a communication between the satellite 330 and the GROUND- GW 350 . In this case, four transmissions and receptions ({circle around ( 2 )}, {circle around ( 3 )}, {circle around ( 5 )}, and {circle around ( 9 )}) are also required between the satellite 330 and the GROUND- GW 350 . Therefore, in a case of FIG. 3 , a propagation delay of four round trip times (RTTs) which corresponds to total eight trans
CLAIMS
Claims ( 20 )
What is claimed is:
1. A satellite in a wireless communication system, the satellite comprising:
a transceiver; and
a processor configured to:
identify a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a user equipment (UE),
select a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway, and
request, via the transceiver, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway,
wherein the satellite includes a session management function within a space core network (SCN), and the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
2. The satellite of claim 1 , wherein a second GTP-U tunnel to be used in a path between the satellite gateway and the TCN is a persistent GTP-U tunnel to be shared by a plurality of UEs.
3. The satellite of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
identify whether a separate delivery path is required in a path between the satellite gateway and the TCN for the requested PDU session, and
in case that the separate delivery path is required, select a separate GTP-U tunnel as the separate delivery path for the UE for the requested PDU session.
4. The satellite of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive, from a second satellite including a mobility management function within the SCN, a request for modification of the first GTP-U tunnel for the PDU session, and
request the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a modified GTP-U tunnel.
5. The satellite of claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
after the PDU session for the UE is established, receive, from a session management function (SMF) of the TCN, a data notification message in which first downlink data to be transmitted to the UE is piggybacked, and
buffer the received first downlink data, and deliver, to a satellite base station serving the UE which is identified via paging, the first downlink data.
6. The satellite of claim 1 , wherein the PDU session is activated or deactivated based on mobility of the UE or mobility of the satellite.
7. A satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway in a wireless communication system, the satellite gateway comprising:
a transceiver; and
a processor configured to:
receive, from a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN) via the transceiver, an allocation request for a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a protocol data unit (PDU) session which is requested by a user equipment (UE),
allocate the port number which is matched to a first source internet protocol (IP) address which corresponds to the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel, and
manage a matching table including information in which the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel is matched to the port number,
wherein the first GTP-U tunnel is used in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, and
wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
8. The satellite gateway of claim 7 , wherein a second GTP-U tunnel to be used in a path between the satellite gateway and the TCN is a persistent GTP-U tunnel to be shared by a plurality of UEs.
9. The satellite gateway of claim 7 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
convert the first source IP address into a second source IP address including an IP address of the satellite gateway and the port number, and
based on the converted second source IP address, transmit, to the ground gateway, an uplink packet of the UE by using the persistent GTP-U tunnel.
10. The satellite gateway of claim 9 , wherein the processor is further configured to:
convert the second source IP address including the port number into the first source IP address, and
based on the converted first source IP address, transmit the downlink packet to be transmitted to the UE by using the first GTP-U tunnel.
11. A communication method in a wireless communication system using at least one satellite, the method comprising:
identifying, by a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), a protocol data unit (PDU) session establishment request from a user equipment (UE);
selecting, by the first satellite, a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway; and
requesting, by the first satellite, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission or reception of packets for a PDU session requested by the UE in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway,
wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein a second GTP-U tunnel to be used in a path between the satellite gateway and the TCN is a persistent GTP-U tunnel to be shared by a plurality of UEs.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the selecting of the satellite gateway comprises:
identifying, by the first satellite, whether a separate delivery path is required in a path between the satellite gateway and the TCN for the requested PDU session; and
in case that the separate delivery path is required, selecting, by the first satellite, a separate GTP-U tunnel as the separate delivery path for the UE for the requested PDU session.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
receiving, by the first satellite from a second satellite including a mobility management function within the SCN, a request for modification of the first GTP-U tunnel for the PDU session; and
requesting, by the first satellite, the satellite gateway to allocate a port number which is matched to identification information of a modified GTP-U tunnel.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
after the PDU session for the UE is established, receiving, by the first satellite from a session management function (SMF) of the TCN, a data notification message in which first downlink data to be transmitted to the UE is piggybacked; and
buffering, by the first satellite, the received first downlink data, and delivering, to a satellite base station serving the UE which is identified via paging, the first downlink data.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the PDU session is activated or deactivated based on mobility of the UE or mobility of the satellite.
17. A communication method in a wireless communication system using at least one satellite, the method comprising:
receiving, by a satellite gateway for communicating with a ground gateway from a first satellite including a session management function within a space core network (SCN), an allocation request for a port number which is matched to identification information of a first general packet radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol-user (GTP-U) tunnel to be used for transmission and reception of packets for a protocol data unit (PDU) session which is requested by a user equipment (UE); and
allocating the port number which is matched to a first source internet protocol (IP) address which corresponds to the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel,
wherein the satellite gateway manages a matching table including information in which the identification information of the first GTP-U tunnel is matched to the port number,
wherein the first GTP-U tunnel is used in a path between a satellite base station which the UE accesses and the satellite gateway, and
wherein the packets are transmitted or received to and from a terrestrial core network (TCN) by using address information which is converted based on the port number.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein a second GTP-U tunnel to be used in a path between the satellite gateway and the TCN is a persistent GTP-U tunnel to be shared by a plurality of UEs.
19. The method of claim 17 , further comprising:
converting, by the satellite gateway, the first source IP address into a second source IP address including an IP address of the satellite gateway and the port number; and
based on the converted second source IP address, transmitting, to the ground gateway, an uplink packet of the UE by using the persistent GTP-U tunnel.
20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
converting, by the satellite gateway, the second source IP address including the port number into the first source IP address; and
based on the converted first source IP address, transmitting the downlink packet to be transmitted to the UE by using the first GTP-U tunnel.
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