ABSTRACT
Abstract
Base stations and user devices can transmit 5G and 6G messages with a wide range of transmission power levels. Selecting the appropriate power level for each message is a complex problem, dependent on the distance to the recipient, the background noise and interference level, priority, and many other conflicting factors. To provide an objective recommendation of the transmitter power level, an artificial intelligence model may be trained, using actual network and message parameters, to accurately predict the subsequent network performance versus power level. Then, a practical algorithm may be derived from the trained AI model, and used by base stations and user devices to select an appropriate transmission power level according to current network conditions and message properties. Use of an appropriate transmission power level for each message may reduce message faults, enhance reliability, mitigate external noise and interference, and save energy especially for battery-operated user devices.
Description
PRIORITY CLAIMS AND RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/114,168, entitled âHigh-Power Transmission of Priority Wireless Messagesâ, filed Nov. 16, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/117,720, entitled âAutomatic Frequency Correction for Wireless Mobile Communicationsâ, filed Nov. 24, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/118,156, entitled âAutomatic Frequency Correction for Wireless Mobile Communicationsâ, filed Nov. 25, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/274,221, entitled âRapid Doppler Correction for Mobile V2X Communication in 5G/6Gâ, filed Nov. 1, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/276,139, entitled âLocation-Based Power for High Reliability and Low Latency in 5G/6Gâ, filed Nov. 5, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/276,745, entitled âAI-Based Power Allocation for Efficient 5G/6G Communicationsâ, filed Nov. 8, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/278,578, entitled âLocation-Based Beamforming for Rapid 5G and 6G Directional Messagingâ, filed Nov. 12, 2021, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Disclosed are systems and methods for using artificial intelligence to adjust the transmission power of wireless messages and improve 5G and 6G network performance.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In prior-art 5G and 6G networks, each message is transmitted at a power level determined by a time-consuming feedback procedure based on a targeted level of reception. However, this may not be optimal when various competing messages have different priority levels and different message lengths, in networks with varying interference levels and varying sensitivity to electromagnetic backgrounds, with heavy or light traffic conditions, among many other relevant variables. Selecting a particular transmission power level for each particular message is a complex problem. What is needed is means for base stations and/or user devices to determine an appropriate transmission power level for each message according to properties of the message and current network conditions.
This Background is provided to introduce a brief context for the Summary and Detailed Description that follow. This Background is not intended to be an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter nor be viewed as limiting the claimed subject matter to implementations that solve any or all of the disadvantages or problems presented above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, there is a method for a base station in a wireless network to transmit a message, the method comprising: measuring one or more network parameters, one or more message parameters, and one or more environmental parameters; providing the measured network parameters, message parameters, and environmental parameters as inputs to an algorithm configured to provide, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and transmitting the message according to the recommended transmission power level.
In another aspect, there is non-transitory computer-readable media in a base station or core network of a wireless network, the media comprising instructions that when executed cause a method to be performed by the base station or core network, the method comprising: determining one or more message parameters of a particular message which is to be transmitted; measuring one or more pre-transmission network parameters of the wireless network before the particular message is transmitted; providing, as input to an algorithm, the one or more pre-transmission network parameters and the one or more message parameters; determining, as output from the algorithm, a particular transmission power level; and then transmitting the particular message according to the particular transmission power level.
In another aspect, there is a user device registered on a wireless network, the user device comprising a wireless transmitter and non-transitory computer-readable media, wherein: the media comprise an algorithm configured to take, as input, one or more parameters of a message and one or more environmental parameters, and to produce, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and the transmitter is configured to transmit a message according to the recommended transmission power level.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. The concepts are further described in the Detailed Description section. Elements or steps other than those described in this Summary are possible, and no element or step is necessarily required. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure.
These and other embodiments are described in further detail with reference to the figures and accompanying detailed description as provided below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a mobile user device communicating with a base station, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 1B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and a base station to adjust their transmission power levels, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 2A is a sketch showing an exemplary embodiment of a mobile user device passing by an obscuration, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 2B is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a base station compensating for signal attenuation, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 2C is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and a base station to compensate for signal obscuration, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 3A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of vehicles communicating with power compensation, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 3B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user devices to compensate for distance, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 4A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a message format for user devices to indicate locations to base stations, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 4B is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a message format for user devices to indicate locations to other user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 5A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a message format for base stations to indicate locations to user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 5B is a schematic showing another exemplary embodiment of a message format for base stations to indicate locations to user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 5C is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a low-complexity message format for a base station to indicate its location to user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 6A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of an artificial intelligence structure arranged to predict network behavior versus transmission power level, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and/or a base station to select a transmission power level, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 7A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of parameters affecting a transmission power allocation, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 7B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for creating and using an AI algorithm, according to some embodiments.
Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for developing and using an algorithm to control the transmitter power level of wireless messages according to message parameters, network parameters, and environmental parameters. In all 5G and 6G wireless communications, improved allocation of transmitted power can reduce wasted energy, improve latency and reliability, reduce interference, and provide enhanced network performance, according to some embodiments. Systems and methods disclosed herein (the âsystemsâ and âmethodsâ, also occasionally termed âembodimentsâ or âarrangementsâ or âversionsâ, generally according to present principles) can provide urgently needed wireless communication protocols to adjust transmitter power according to objective and tested criteria. With such improved power control, networks and their members can prevent message faults, enhance reliability, and provide low latency by avoiding retransmission delays. Versions detailed below can provide AI-based adjustment of transmitter power according to multiple competing inputs. Further protocols may be suitable for reduced-capability user devices, high-performance/high-demand customers on the managed 5G/6G channels, and independent V2V and V2X sidelink communications between user devices in motion.
Most wireless communications are not transmitted at the maximum power available, because that would waste energy (a consideration particularly for battery-operated devices), generate heat, and likely interfere with other users in adjoining networks. Especially in places where the spatial density of users is high (such as urban centers, automated manufacturing plants, stadiums), the potential for noise and interference from other transmitters becomes increasingly problematic. Therefore, base stations usually instruct users to restrict their transmission power based on the reception SNR (signal to noise ratio) or SINR (signal to interference and noise). The users may also send signal-quality reports back to the base station regarding the downlink signal quality received by the users, and those reports may enable the base station to adjust its own transmission power for reception by each user, but generally remaining well below the maximum transmission power available. There are many cases in which a user may need enhanced communication reliability or reduced latency, especially when reception deteriorates due to long range or presence of an obstruction, among other problems. In those cases it may be advantageous to enhance communication reliability and avoid retransmission delays by automatically increasing the transmission power above the level normally allowed or normally employed. This would be especially advantageous if a power scan, with its feedback messages and the like, could be avoided. That is the intent of this disclosure.
Terms herein generally follow 3GPP (third generation partnership project) standards, but with clarification where needed to resolve ambiguities. As used herein, â5Gâ represents fifth-generation and â6Gâ sixth-generation wireless technology. A network (or cell or LAN or local area network or the like) may include a base station (or gNB or generation-node-B or eNB or evolution-node-B or access point) in signal communication with a plurality of user devices (or UE or user equipment or nodes or terminals) and operationally connected to a core network (CN) which handles non-radio tasks, such as administration, and is usually connected to a larger network such as the Internet. Embodiments may include direct user-to-user (âsidelinkâ) communication such as V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication, V2X (vehicle-to-anything), X2X (anything-to-anything, also called D2D or device-to-device) and base station communications or V2N (vehicle-to-network). âVehicleâ is to be construed very broadly, including any mobile or transportable wireless communication device. The time-frequency space is generally configured as a âresource gridâ including a number of âresource elementsâ, each resource element being a specific unit of time termed a âsymbol timeâ, and a specific frequency and bandwidth termed a âsubcarrierâ (or âsubchannelâ in some references). Each subcarrier can be independently modulated to convey message information. Thus a resource element, spanning a single symbol in time and a single subcarrier in frequency, is the smallest unit of a message. Each modulated resource element of a message is referred to as a âsymbolâ in references, but this may be confused with the same term for a time interval. Therefore, each modulated reference element of a message is referred to as a âmessage elementâ in examples below. A âdemodulation referenceâ is a set of modulated resource elements that exhibit levels of a modulation scheme (as opposed to conveying data), and each resource element of a demodulation reference is termed a âreference elementâ herein. A message may be configured âtime-spanningâ by occupying sequential symbols at a single frequency, or âfrequency-spanningâ on multiple subcarriers at a single symbol time (also called âfrequency-firstâ if the message continues on multiple symbol times). âCRCâ (cyclic redundancy code) is an error-checking code. âRNTIâ (radio network temporary identity) or âC-RNTIâ (cell radio network temporary identification) is a network-assigned user code. âQoSâ is quality of service, or priority. âQCIâ (QoS class identifier) defines various performance levels. A message is âunicastâ if it is addressed to a specific recipient, and âbroadcastâ if it includes no recipient address. Transmissions are âisotropicâ if they provide roughly the same wave energy in all horizontal directions. A device âknowsâ something if it has the relevant information. A device âlistensâ or âmonitorsâ a channel or frequency if the device receives, or attempts to receive, signals on the channel or frequency. A message is âfaultedâ or âcorruptedâ if one or more bits of the message are altered relative to the original message. âReceptivityâ is the quality of reception of a message. âQPSKâ (quad phase-shift keying) is a modulation scheme with two bits per message element, and 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation with 16 states) is a modulation scheme with 4 bits per message element. âAIâ (artificial intelligence) is computer-based decision-making using variables which are adjusted or âtrainedâ according to prior examples.
Embodiments of the disclosed systems and methods include an artificial intelligence calculation âstructureâ such as a neural net, operational in a computer and, when adjusted according to prior performance data of actual networks, forms an âAI modelâ of the network, configured to predict network performance according to input parameters. Further embodiments include a base station of a wireless network, containing non-transitory computer-readable media containing a formula or algorithm or the like, derived from an AI model and configured to determine a transmission power level for downlink messages to each user device in a network according to various parameters and input criteria. Further embodiments include a user device of a wireless network, containing non-transitory computer-readable media containing a formula or algorithm or the like, derived from an AI model and configured to determine a transmission power level for uplink messages to the base station. Further embodiments include a user device belonging to a short-range sidelink network, the user device containing non-transitory
PRIORITY CLAIMS AND RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/114,168, entitled âHigh-Power Transmission of Priority Wireless Messagesâ, filed Nov. 16, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/117,720, entitled âAutomatic Frequency Correction for Wireless Mobile Communicationsâ, filed Nov. 24, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/118,156, entitled âAutomatic Frequency Correction for Wireless Mobile Communicationsâ, filed Nov. 25, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/274,221, entitled âRapid Doppler Correction for Mobile V2X Communication in 5G/6Gâ, filed Nov. 1, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/276,139, entitled âLocation-Based Power for High Reliability and Low Latency in 5G/6Gâ, filed Nov. 5, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/276,745, entitled âAI-Based Power Allocation for Efficient 5G/6G Communicationsâ, filed Nov. 8, 2021, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 63/278,578, entitled âLocation-Based Beamforming for Rapid 5G and 6G Directional Messagingâ, filed Nov. 12, 2021, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Disclosed are systems and methods for using artificial intelligence to adjust the transmission power of wireless messages and improve 5G and 6G network performance.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In prior-art 5G and 6G networks, each message is transmitted at a power level determined by a time-consuming feedback procedure based on a targeted level of reception. However, this may not be optimal when various competing messages have different priority levels and different message lengths, in networks with varying interference levels and varying sensitivity to electromagnetic backgrounds, with heavy or light traffic conditions, among many other relevant variables. Selecting a particular transmission power level for each particular message is a complex problem. What is needed is means for base stations and/or user devices to determine an appropriate transmission power level for each message according to properties of the message and current network conditions.
This Background is provided to introduce a brief context for the Summary and Detailed Description that follow. This Background is not intended to be an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter nor be viewed as limiting the claimed subject matter to implementations that solve any or all of the disadvantages or problems presented above.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, there is a method for a base station in a wireless network to transmit a message, the method comprising: measuring one or more network parameters, one or more message parameters, and one or more environmental parameters; providing the measured network parameters, message parameters, and environmental parameters as inputs to an algorithm configured to provide, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and transmitting the message according to the recommended transmission power level.
In another aspect, there is non-transitory computer-readable media in a base station or core network of a wireless network, the media comprising instructions that when executed cause a method to be performed by the base station or core network, the method comprising: determining one or more message parameters of a particular message which is to be transmitted; measuring one or more pre-transmission network parameters of the wireless network before the particular message is transmitted; providing, as input to an algorithm, the one or more pre-transmission network parameters and the one or more message parameters; determining, as output from the algorithm, a particular transmission power level; and then transmitting the particular message according to the particular transmission power level.
In another aspect, there is a user device registered on a wireless network, the user device comprising a wireless transmitter and non-transitory computer-readable media, wherein: the media comprise an algorithm configured to take, as input, one or more parameters of a message and one or more environmental parameters, and to produce, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and the transmitter is configured to transmit a message according to the recommended transmission power level.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form. The concepts are further described in the Detailed Description section. Elements or steps other than those described in this Summary are possible, and no element or step is necessarily required. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in any part of this disclosure.
These and other embodiments are described in further detail with reference to the figures and accompanying detailed description as provided below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a mobile user device communicating with a base station, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 1B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and a base station to adjust their transmission power levels, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 2A is a sketch showing an exemplary embodiment of a mobile user device passing by an obscuration, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 2B is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a base station compensating for signal attenuation, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 2C is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and a base station to compensate for signal obscuration, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 3A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of vehicles communicating with power compensation, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 3B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user devices to compensate for distance, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 4A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a message format for user devices to indicate locations to base stations, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 4B is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a message format for user devices to indicate locations to other user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 5A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a message format for base stations to indicate locations to user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 5B is a schematic showing another exemplary embodiment of a message format for base stations to indicate locations to user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 5C is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a low-complexity message format for a base station to indicate its location to user devices, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 6A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of an artificial intelligence structure arranged to predict network behavior versus transmission power level, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 6B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and/or a base station to select a transmission power level, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 7A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of parameters affecting a transmission power allocation, according to some embodiments.
FIG. 7B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for creating and using an AI algorithm, according to some embodiments.
Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for developing and using an algorithm to control the transmitter power level of wireless messages according to message parameters, network parameters, and environmental parameters. In all 5G and 6G wireless communications, improved allocation of transmitted power can reduce wasted energy, improve latency and reliability, reduce interference, and provide enhanced network performance, according to some embodiments. Systems and methods disclosed herein (the âsystemsâ and âmethodsâ, also occasionally termed âembodimentsâ or âarrangementsâ or âversionsâ, generally according to present principles) can provide urgently needed wireless communication protocols to adjust transmitter power according to objective and tested criteria. With such improved power control, networks and their members can prevent message faults, enhance reliability, and provide low latency by avoiding retransmission delays. Versions detailed below can provide AI-based adjustment of transmitter power according to multiple competing inputs. Further protocols may be suitable for reduced-capability user devices, high-performance/high-demand customers on the managed 5G/6G channels, and independent V2V and V2X sidelink communications between user devices in motion.
Most wireless communications are not transmitted at the maximum power available, because that would waste energy (a consideration particularly for battery-operated devices), generate heat, and likely interfere with other users in adjoining networks. Especially in places where the spatial density of users is high (such as urban centers, automated manufacturing plants, stadiums), the potential for noise and interference from other transmitters becomes increasingly problematic. Therefore, base stations usually instruct users to restrict their transmission power based on the reception SNR (signal to noise ratio) or SINR (signal to interference and noise). The users may also send signal-quality reports back to the base station regarding the downlink signal quality received by the users, and those reports may enable the base station to adjust its own transmission power for reception by each user, but generally remaining well below the maximum transmission power available. There are many cases in which a user may need enhanced communication reliability or reduced latency, especially when reception deteriorates due to long range or presence of an obstruction, among other problems. In those cases it may be advantageous to enhance communication reliability and avoid retransmission delays by automatically increasing the transmission power above the level normally allowed or normally employed. This would be especially advantageous if a power scan, with its feedback messages and the like, could be avoided. That is the intent of this disclosure.
Terms herein generally follow 3GPP (third generation partnership project) standards, but with clarification where needed to resolve ambiguities. As used herein, â5Gâ represents fifth-generation and â6Gâ sixth-generation wireless technology. A network (or cell or LAN or local area network or the like) may include a base station (or gNB or generation-node-B or eNB or evolution-node-B or access point) in signal communication with a plurality of user devices (or UE or user equipment or nodes or terminals) and operationally connected to a core network (CN) which handles non-radio tasks, such as administration, and is usually connected to a larger network such as the Internet. Embodiments may include direct user-to-user (âsidelinkâ) communication such as V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle) communication, V2X (vehicle-to-anything), X2X (anything-to-anything, also called D2D or device-to-device) and base station communications or V2N (vehicle-to-network). âVehicleâ is to be construed very broadly, including any mobile or transportable wireless communication device. The time-frequency space is generally configured as a âresource gridâ including a number of âresource elementsâ, each resource element being a specific unit of time termed a âsymbol timeâ, and a specific frequency and bandwidth termed a âsubcarrierâ (or âsubchannelâ in some references). Each subcarrier can be independently modulated to convey message information. Thus a resource element, spanning a single symbol in time and a single subcarrier in frequency, is the smallest unit of a message. Each modulated resource element of a message is referred to as a âsymbolâ in references, but this may be confused with the same term for a time interval. Therefore, each modulated reference element of a message is referred to as a âmessage elementâ in examples below. A âdemodulation referenceâ is a set of modulated resource elements that exhibit levels of a modulation scheme (as opposed to conveying data), and each resource element of a demodulation reference is termed a âreference elementâ herein. A message may be configured âtime-spanningâ by occupying sequential symbols at a single frequency, or âfrequency-spanningâ on multiple subcarriers at a single symbol time (also called âfrequency-firstâ if the message continues on multiple symbol times). âCRCâ (cyclic redundancy code) is an error-checking code. âRNTIâ (radio network temporary identity) or âC-RNTIâ (cell radio network temporary identification) is a network-assigned user code. âQoSâ is quality of service, or priority. âQCIâ (QoS class identifier) defines various performance levels. A message is âunicastâ if it is addressed to a specific recipient, and âbroadcastâ if it includes no recipient address. Transmissions are âisotropicâ if they provide roughly the same wave energy in all horizontal directions. A device âknowsâ something if it has the relevant information. A device âlistensâ or âmonitorsâ a channel or frequency if the device receives, or attempts to receive, signals on the channel or frequency. A message is âfaultedâ or âcorruptedâ if one or more bits of the message are altered relative to the original message. âReceptivityâ is the quality of reception of a message. âQPSKâ (quad phase-shift keying) is a modulation scheme with two bits per message element, and 16QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation with 16 states) is a modulation scheme with 4 bits per message element. âAIâ (artificial intelligence) is computer-based decision-making using variables which are adjusted or âtrainedâ according to prior examples.
Embodiments of the disclosed systems and methods include an artificial intelligence calculation âstructureâ such as a neural net, operational in a computer and, when adjusted according to prior performance data of actual networks, forms an âAI modelâ of the network, configured to predict network performance according to input parameters. Further embodiments include a base station of a wireless network, containing non-transitory computer-readable media containing a formula or algorithm or the like, derived from an AI model and configured to determine a transmission power level for downlink messages to each user device in a network according to various parameters and input criteria. Further embodiments include a user device of a wireless network, containing non-transitory computer-readable media containing a formula or algorithm or the like, derived from an AI model and configured to determine a transmission power level for uplink messages to the base station. Further embodiments include a user device belonging to a short-range sidelink network, the user device containing non-transitory computer-readable media containing a formula or algorithm or the like, derived from an AI model and configured to determine a transmission power level for sidelink messages to other user devices.
Following are examples of a mobile user device adjusting its uplink transmission power, based on the distance between the user device and the base station.
FIG. 1A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a mobile user device communicating with a base station, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, a user device 101 , depicted as a vehicle in top view, is in communication with a base station 102 , depicted as an antenna. Locations of the user device 101 and the base station 102 are relative to a reference frame 103 , such as the geographic latitude and longitude, or other suitable frame. The distance D 104 between the user device 101 and the base station 102 is indicated. To determine the distance 104 , the user device 101 can determine its own location using, for example, a satellite-based navigation system such as GPS, or a map, a local address, or other suitable geographical locating system. The user device 101 can also determine the location of the base station 102 using a published database of network information, or a map, or a previous registration on that base station, or a message from the base station 102 , or from another base station having the relevant data, or other suitable means for locating the base station. The user device 101 can then calculate the distance 104 according to a suitable formula, such as the square-root of: the square of the difference in latitude values, plus the square of the difference in longitude values.
The user device 101 can then determine a transmission power level according to the distance 104 . For example, the user device 101 may include (in non-transitory computer-readable memory) an algorithm, formula, computer code, tabulation, or other way of relating the transmission power level to the distance 104 . For example, the algorithm may select a lower power level for shorter distances to avoid overdriving the base station receiver, and higher power levels for longer distances to enable the base station to receive a message reliably. Using that selected power level, the user device 101 may then transmit an uplink message to the base station 102 indicating, among other data, the location of the user device 101 , or the distance calculated, or both. The base station 102 may then repeat the distance calculation and/or employ its own algorithm to determine a sufficient power level for downlink communications with the user device 101 across that distance 104 . The base station 102 may then transmit an acknowledgement to the user device 101 using that sufficient power level. In some embodiments, the uplink message and/or the acknowledgement may be transmitted according to 5G or 6G technology.
An advantage of determining the distance 104 and the selected power level before transmitting the message, may be that the message may arrive at the destination with sufficient amplitude to be reliably received, but not so much amplitude that it would overdrive the receiver or interfere with other user devices elsewhere. Another advantage may be that a time-consuming âpower scanâ may be avoided. (A power scan is a time-consuming iterative procedure by which the user device repeatedly transmits short messages at various power levels and the base station indicates which messages are detected and, optionally, the amplitude level received. A second power scan may then be carried out with the base station varying the downlink power and the user device indicating receptivity.) Another advantage may be that the message may be received with high reliability and low latency, by avoiding message faults due to insufficient power. A further advantage may be that the user device may avoid the delays and energy wastage involved in receiving a non-acknowledgement (or no acknowledgement within a predetermined interval) and then retransmitting the message at a higher power level.
Another advantage may be that the depicted procedures may be compatible with devices that may have difficulty complying with prior-art 5G or 6G registration procedures. Another advantage may be that the depicted procedures may be implemented as a software (or firmware) update, without requiring new hardware development, and therefore may be implemented at low cost, according to some embodiments. The procedures may be implemented as a system or apparatus, a method, or instructions in non-transitory computer-readable media for causing a computing environment, such as a user device, a base station, or other signally-coupled component of a wireless network, to implement the procedure. As mentioned, the examples are non-limiting. Other advantages may be apparent to skilled artisans after reading this disclosure. The advantages in this paragraph may apply equally to other embodiments described below.
FIG. 1B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and a base station to adjust their transmission power levels, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, at 151 a mobile user device, such as a vehicle, determines the location of a base station, such as a base station proximate to the user device. The user device may determine the base station's location using a publicly accessible tabulation of base station locations, or a message from that base station or another base station or another transmitter, or a map of base station locations, or other way of finding the base station's location. Then, if not sooner, the user device determines, at 152 , its own location using, for example, GPS or other means. At 153 the user device calculates the distance between itself and the base station according to the locations determined.
At 154 , the user device calculates a transmission power level to use in communicating with the base station. That calculation may employ an algorithm or formula or function or computer code or graphical correlation or interpolatable tabulation or other means for determining a suitable and sufficient power based at least in part on the distance. At 155 , the user device transmits an uplink message using the calculated power level. The transmission power level may be adjusted by adjusting an amplifier in the transmitter, or digitally by calculating a transmission waveform with a particular amplitude, or other means well known in the radio arts. In some embodiments, the uplink message may include an indication of the user device's location, or of the calculated distance, or other data enabling the base station to adjust its power level corresponding to the distance.
At 156 , the base station receives the uplink message and adjusts its downlink transmission power level according to the distance. The base station may also check the user device's analysis by recalculating the distance, depending on which items of information are included in the uplink message. At 157 , the base station may use an algorithm, or the like, to calculate a sufficient transmission power level based at least in part on the distance. The base station's power level may differ from that of the user device because their antennas may be quite different, among many other differences between the base station and the user device. Then, at 158 , the base station may transmit an acknowledgement, or other message, to the user device, using the downlink power level thus determined.
The user device and the base station may thereby communicate with sufficient reliability upon their first exchanged messages, without performing power scans, and with little chance of message failure, according to some embodiments.
The systems and methods further include procedures for base stations to compensate for obscurations that may interfere with communications, based on the mobile user device location, as described in the following examples.
FIG. 2A is a sketch showing an exemplary embodiment of a mobile user device passing by an obscuration, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, a first mobile user device 201 , depicted as a vehicle, communicates with a base station 202 , depicted as an antenna, while traveling on a main road 203 . A second mobile user device 204 is on the same road 203 but farther ahead. The figure shows the first user device 201 quite close to the base station 202 , while the second user device 204 is much farther from the base station 202 . The user devices
201 and 204 may be configured to determine their distance from the base station 202 , by comparing their own location to the base station's location, and may adjust their uplink transmission power levels accordingly to provide a particular signal amplitude as-received by the base station. The user devices
201 and 204 may also communicate their calculated distances to the base station 202 , so that the base station 202 can adjust its downlink transmission power higher for the shorter distance of user device 201 , and higher power for the longer distance of user device 204 , and thereby provide sufficient amplitude as-received for reliable reception by each of the user devices
201 and 204 .
In some embodiments, the first user device 201 may include, in its message to the base station 202 , an indication of its speed and direction of travel, in addition to its current location. Using that information, the base station 202 may be configured to calculate the distance to that user device 201 as a function of time. The base station 202 can then adjust its downlink transmission power level according to the time-dependent distances, and thereby deliver sufficient receptivity while avoiding the need for frequent position-updating message exchanges from the user devices
201 and 204 . In the position calculation, the base station 202 may assume that the velocity of the user device 201 remains constant at the stated value, and that the user device (if a vehicle) follows the curves of whatever road it is on, unless informed otherwise. The base station 202 may thereby calculate the distance as a function of time, and adjust its power level accordingly, without the need for frequent position-updating messages from the user devices
201 and 204 .
The figure also shows a third user device 205 on a side road 206 that passes behind an obscuration depicted as a hill 207 , which attenuates the signal. The base station 202 may calculate the location of the third user device 205 based on its speed and direction, as well as the way the side road 206 curves. The base station 202 may thereby determine that the user device 205 is about to pass behind the hill 207 , and therefore may increase the transmission power of any messages to that user device 205 . In addition, the base station 202 may calculate, based on the speed of the third user device 205 , when it is expected to emerge from the obstruction 207 , and may revert to the normal power level thereafter. In addition, the base station 202 may have previously determined (by experimentation, for example) how much to increase the transmit power, so that the third user device 205 may receive messages reliably while obscured.
FIG. 2B is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of a base station compensating for signal attenuation, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, a map 210 of the scenario of FIG. 2A includes the first, second, and
third user devices
211 , 214 , 215 on a main road 213 and a side road 216 , plus a base station 212 and a hill 217 (in dash). Also shown is a region of reduced receptivity 218 (stipple) in which messages transmitted from the base station 212 are attenuated by the obscuration 217 . The region of reduced receptivity 218 is determined, in this case, by the size of the hill 217 , which subtends an angle 219 as viewed by the base station 212 , at a distance 220 from the base station 212 . Hence, as discussed, the base station 212 , after receiving a message from the third user device 215 indicating its location and speed and direction, can determine that the third user device is on the section of the side road 216 that curves behind the obstruction 217 . In addition, the base station 212 can calculate the times that the third user device 215 is expected to enter and exit the region of reduced receptivity 218 . Accordingly, the base station 212 may increase its transmission power to an enhanced power level greater than the normal power level for that distance, and may transmit messages to the third user device 215 according to the enhanced power level while it is obscured, and may thereby compensate the attenuation, while the third user device 215 remains obscured. As mentioned, the base station 212 may have previously determined, from experiments for example, an attenuation level or an enhanced transmission power level, and thus to determine by how much to increase the power to keep the received message amplitudes roughly the same for mobile user devices inside and outside the region of reduced receptivity 218 .
Mobile wireless users are generally quite familiar with the âdead zonesâ along the routes they routinely travel, where receptivity is poor. The base stations serving the area can generate an area map, such as that depicted but extending throughout a region. The area map may include contour levels or the like, indicating the degree of signal attenuation at each region, as viewed by each base station. Alternatively, the map may indicate what level of power is needed for adequate reception at each point in the area as viewed by the base station. Each base station can then adjust its power accordingly so that messages to user devices passing through each obscuration zone are properly received. Each base station's receptivity map may also indicate regions where the reception from that base station is so poor that the user device may be better served by another base station. In that case, the initial base station can arrange a hand-off to the other base station as the user device is approaching the obscuration, so that the user device can have uninterrupted service.
FIG. 2C is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device and a base station to compensate for signal obscuration, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, at 251 , a mobile user device determines its own location, speed, and direction of travel using, for example, satellite navigation, a speedometer, and an electronic compass. At 252 , the user device transmits a message with this information to a base station. At 253 , the base station compares the location with a map (or database of road locations, contained in non-transitory computer-readable memory) to determine which road the user device is on. The base station may also check that the direction and speed are consistent with the road, and other consistency tests. At 254 , the base station calculates a formula for the distance to the user device versus time, based on the speed. The base station may also take into account current traffic conditions, known changes in the road such as curves, and other factors that may influence the position extrapolation. Then at 255 , the base station may have a message to send to the user device, and may calculate the distance from the base station to the user device at that moment using the formula, or according to the road map, or otherwise. Optionally, the base station may also monitor the amount of background noise or interference that may degrade the reception of the message. The base station may then determine how much transmitter power is required to transmit the message so that the user device will likely receive it without fault, based at least in part on the distance and/or the current background level, and then may transmit the message.
At 256 , the user device has changed direction or speed, and therefore may transmit an uplink message to the base station informing it of the change. Using that updated information, at 257 , the base station may calculate that the user device is about to pass behind a known obscuration. Alternatively, at 258 , the user device may transmit a message indicating that it is about to pass behind an obscuration or is about to enter a known âdead zoneâ based, for example, on past experience. In either case, at 259 , the base station may transmit a downlink message to the user device using increased transmitter power, to overcome the attenuation caused by the obscuration. At 260 , the base station may determine that the user device has likely exited from the obscuration zone according to its stated speed, and therefore the base station may resume transmissions to the user device with the normal power level.
In this way a base station, or a core network attached to multiple access points, may keep track of the positions and receptivity of the various mobile user devices that they serve, and may increase or decrease transmission power to compensate for obstructions, and may thereby provide communications with relatively constant reliability as the user devices move around.
The systems and methods further include procedures for user devices to communicate directly with each other, not involving a base station. The user devices in such a sidelink communication may adjust their transmission power to provide sufficient reception to other user devices based on location, as described in the following examples.
FIG. 3A is a schematic showing an exemplary embodiment of vehicles communicating with power compensation, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, a first vehicle 301 is in communication with a second, third, and
fourth vehicle
302 , 303 , 304 on a highway 300 , as well as a pedestrian 305 . The figure shows the
distances
312 , 313 , 314 from the first vehicle 301 to the second, third, and
fourth vehicles
302 , 303 , 304 respectively, and the distance 315 to the pedestrian 305 .
Since the various entities are at different distances, the first vehicle 301 may transmit individual messages to them, each with a different power level, so that each receiving entity can receive each message with sufficient amplitude for reliable reception, but without wasting energy on excessively powerful transmissions. For example, the first vehicle 301 may broadcast a message indicating its location and optionally its speed and direction. The other entities 302 - 305 may receive that message and may reply by transmitting or broadcasting a responsive message specifying their own locations, and optionally their speeds and directions. (Such messages may assist the other vehicles in avoiding collisions, for example.) Thus each of the entities 301 - 305 can calculate the distance from itself to each other entity in the figure, and can determine a transmission power level according to the calculated distance, to provide sufficient message receptivity. In addition, if the speed and direction information are provided in the messages, each of the entities 301 - 305 can calculate future locations and future distances, and thereby can adjust the transmission power level for sufficient reception of future messages. For example, the first and third vehicles
301 , 303 are on the same side of the highway 300 and therefore are likely traveling in the same direction and approximately the same speed, whereas the fourth vehicle 304 is traveling in the opposite direction as indicated by an arrow. The first vehicle 301 may determine that the distance between itself and the third vehicle 303 is likely constant or slowly varying, whereas the distance to the fourth vehicle 304 is likely changing very rapidly due to their opposite directions. In addition, the first vehicle 301 may determine that the distance 315 between itself and the pedestrian 305 may be changing slowly at first, since the location of the pedestrian 305 is nearly perpendicular to the direction of travel of the first vehicle 301 , but that the distance will likely increase geometrically as the first vehicle 301 proceeds down the highway 300 .
FIG. 3B is a flowchart showing an exemplary embodiment of a procedure for a mobile user device to compensate for distance, according to some embodiments. As depicted in this non-limiting example, a mobile user device User- 1 communicates with a User- 2 to adjust transmission power according to the distance between them. At 351 , User- 1 determines its own location, speed, and direction of motion, and at 352 broadcasts a message indicating those values to other user devices in range. At 353 , the other user devices determine their locations, speeds, and directions, then broadcast messages indicating those values. All of the user devices receive each other's messages and determine from them the locations, speeds, and directions of the various devices.
At 354 , User- 1 calculates the distance to each of the other user devices according to their locations, and also determines formulas indicating the location of each user device versus time according to its speed and direction. For example, User- 1 can determine a first time elapsed since User- 1 determined its own location, and a second time elapsed since receiving the location message from a User- 2 . User- 1 can assume that the speed remains constant unless informed of a change in speed. User- 1 can then calculate the expected location of itself and of User- 2 at the current time according to the elapsed times, speeds, and directions of the two entities, respectively. If User- 1 has access to a map, such as an electronic roadmap for example, then User- 1 can determine which road each user device is currently on based on the stated location, and can assume that each user device will remain on the same road until informed of a change, and therefore can p
CLAIMS
Claims ( 14 )
The invention claimed is:
1. A method for a base station in a wireless network to transmit a message, the method comprising:
a. measuring one or more network parameters, one or more message parameters, and one or more environmental parameters;
b. providing the measured network parameters, message parameters, and environmental parameters as inputs to an algorithm configured to provide, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and
c. transmitting the message according to the recommended transmission power level, wherein:
d. the network parameters comprise a message throughput or a message failure rate;
e. the message parameters comprise a distance from the base station to a recipient of the message; and
f. the environmental parameters comprise a noise or interference level.
2. A method for a base station in a wireless network to transmit a message, the method comprising:
a. measuring one or more network parameters, one or more message parameters, and one or more environmental parameters;
b. providing the measured network parameters, message parameters, and environmental parameters as inputs to an algorithm configured to provide, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and
c. transmitting the message according to the recommended transmission power level, wherein:
d. the algorithm is based at least in part on an artificial intelligence model comprising one or more adjustable variables; and
e. the one or more adjustable variables are adjusted to predict network performance based, at least in part, on the one or more network parameters, the one or more message parameters, and the one or more environmental parameters.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein:
a. the artificial intelligence model comprises one or more internal functions comprising mathematical expressions, an output value comprising a network performance parameter or a metric derived therefrom, and a plurality of directed links connecting each input parameter to at least one of the internal functions, and a further plurality of directed links connecting at least one of the internal function to the output value.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a. each directed link comprises a transfer of information from a first node to a second node, the first node comprising one of the input parameters or one of the internal functions, and the second node comprising one of the internal functions or the output value.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the adjusting of the one or more adjustable variable comprises:
a. comparing the output value to a measured network performance parameter or to a metric derived therefrom; and
b. varying the one or more adjustable variables according to a difference between the measured network performance parameter and the output value.
6. The method of claim 3 , further comprising:
a. after transmitting the message, measuring a post-transmission network performance parameter; and
b. comparing the output value of the artificial intelligence model to the post-transmission network performance parameter.
7. Non-transitory computer-readable media in a base station or core network of a wireless network, the media comprising instructions that when executed cause a method to be performed by the base station or core network, the method comprising:
a. determining one or more message parameters of a particular message which is to be transmitted;
b. measuring one or more pre-transmission network parameters of the wireless network before the particular message is transmitted;
c. providing, as input to an algorithm, the one or more pre-transmission network parameters and the one or more message parameters;
d. determining, as output from the algorithm, a particular transmission power level; and
e. then transmitting the particular message according to the particular transmission power level.
8. The media of claim 7 , wherein the algorithm is derived at least in part from an artificial intelligence model.
9. The media of claim 7 , wherein:
a. the pre-transmission network parameters comprise a message throughput or a message failure rate or an average message delay time or a combination of these, measured before the particular message is transmitted.
10. The media of claim 7 , wherein the one or more message parameters comprise a distance from the base station to a recipient of the message.
11. The media of claim 7 , wherein the algorithm comprises computer software or firmware configured to receive, as input, the one or more pre-transmission network parameters and the message parameters, and to provide, as output, the recommended transmission power level.
12. The media of claim 7 , the method further comprising:
a. measuring one or more post-transmission network parameters comprising a message throughput or a message failure rate or an average message delay time or a combination of these, measured after the message is transmitted;
b. then providing, as input to an artificial intelligence model, the transmission power level, the one or more message parameters, and the one or more pre-transmission network parameters measured before transmitting the message, wherein the artificial intelligence model is configured to predict the one or more post-transmission network parameters.
13. A user device registered on a wireless network, the user device comprising a wireless transmitter and non-transitory computer-readable media, wherein:
a. the media comprise an algorithm configured to take, as input, one or more parameters of a message and one or more environmental parameters, and to produce, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and
b. the transmitter is configured to transmit a message according to the recommended transmission power level;
c. the algorithm is based, at least in part, on an artificial intelligence model comprising input values connected by directed links to one or more internal functions;
d. one or more of the internal functions is connected by directed links to one or more output values;
e. the input values comprise at least a transmission power level of a message transmitted by the user device; and
f. the internal functions comprise adjustable variables that are adjusted according to a network performance metric.
14. A user device registered on a wireless network, the user device comprising a wireless transmitter and non-transitory computer-readable media, wherein:
a. the media comprise an algorithm configured to take, as input, one or more parameters of a message and one or more environmental parameters, and to produce, as output, a recommended transmission power level; and
b. the transmitter is configured to transmit a message according to the recommended transmission power level;
c. wherein the network performance metric comprises an arithmetic combination of at least two of:
i. the message throughput of the network;
ii. the message failure rate of the network: and
iii. the average delay time per message of the network.
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