ABSTRACT
Abstract
This document describes methods, devices, systems, and means for dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets. A master base station selects a first carrier subband associated with a first Active Coordination Set (ACS) for joint communication with a user equipment (UE), coordinates the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and monitors the joint communication with the UE. Based on the monitoring of the joint communication, the master base station selects a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and coordinates with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
Description
RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is a national stage entry of International Application No. PCT/US2020/014638, filed Jan. 22, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/797,885, filed Jan. 28, 2019, the disclosures which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
The evolution of wireless communication to fifth generation (5G) and sixth generation (6G) standards and technologies provides higher data rates and greater capacity, with improved reliability and lower latency, which enhances mobile broadband services. 5G and 6G technologies also provide new classes of services for vehicular, fixed wireless broadband, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
A unified air interface, which utilizes licensed, unlicensed, and shared license radio spectrum, in multiple frequency bands, is one aspect of enabling the capabilities of 5G and 6G systems. The 5G and 6G air interface utilizes radio spectrum in bands below 1 GHz (sub-gigahertz), below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and above 6 GHz. Radio spectrum above 6 GHz includes millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands that provide wide channel bandwidths to support higher data rates for wireless broadband.
To increase data rates, throughput, and reliability for a user equipment, 5G and 6G systems support various forms of wireless connectivity that use multiple radio links between base stations and the user equipment. Techniques such as dual connectivity (DC) or coordinated multipoint (CoMP) communications, often coupled with beamformed signals, can improve data rates, throughput, and reliability, especially as received signal strengths decease for the user equipment near the edge of cells. The use of these radio link configurations increases the complexity of mobility management to maintain high data rates and reliability for the user equipment.
Conventional mobility management techniques are based on base station neighbor relationships and use handovers to maintain connectivity for the user equipment. However, conventional handover techniques do not account for internal conditions or states of the user equipment that require mitigation, such as a thermal condition in the user equipment or battery capacity of the user equipment.
SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce simplified concepts of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets. The simplified concepts are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In some aspects, a method for coordinating joint communication with a user equipment (UE) by a master base station of a first Active Coordination Set (ACS) is described in which the master base station selects a first carrier subband associated with the first ACS for joint communication with the UE, coordinates the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and monitors the joint communication with the UE. Based on the monitoring the joint communication, the master base station selects a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and coordinates with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
In another aspect, a network device is described that is configured for coordinating joint communication with a user equipment (UE) using one or more Active Coordination Sets. The network device includes a processor and memory system to implement a joint communication scheduler application. The joint communication scheduler application is configured to select a first carrier subband associated with the first ACS for joint communication with the UE, to coordinate, using the Xn interface, the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and to monitor the joint communication with the UE. The joint communication scheduler application is configured to, based on the monitoring of the joint communication, select a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and to coordinate, using the Xn interface, with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
In another aspect, a network device is described that is configured for performing any of the methods disclosed herein. In yet another aspect, processor-readable medium is described that comprises instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause a device including the one or more processors to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets are described with reference to the following drawings. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components:
FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network system in which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example device diagram that can implement various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets.
FIG. 3 illustrates an air interface resource that extends between a user equipment and a base station and with which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets techniques can be implemented.
FIG. 4 illustrates example user equipment states which may implement various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a user equipment, in an engaged mode, moving through a radio access network that includes multiple base stations in accordance with aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets techniques.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example environment in which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example environment 700 in which a user equipment maintains multiple ACSs for different frequency bands in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
FIG. 8 illustrates an example environment 800 in which a user equipment maintains multiple ACSs for control-plane and user-plane communications in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example environment 900 in which a user equipment maintains multiple ACSs based on resource control states of the UE in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
FIG. 10 illustrates an example method of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets as generally related to the master base station in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This document describes methods, devices, systems, and means for dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets. A master base station selects a first carrier subband associated with a first Active Coordination Set (ACS) for joint communication with a user equipment (UE), coordinates the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and monitors the joint communication with the UE. Based on the monitoring of the joint communication, the master base station selects a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and coordinates with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
In aspects, an Active Coordination Set (ACS) is a user equipment-specific set of base stations (e.g., 5G and/or 6G base stations) usable for wireless communication by the user equipment. The ACS may be a component of, or used to implement, a user-centric no-cell (UCNC) network architecture. More specifically, the base stations that are included in the ACS are usable for joint communication (coordinated communication), which includes joint transmission, joint reception, or joint transmission and joint reception between the user equipment and one or more of the base stations in the ACS. The joint transmission and/or reception techniques include CoMP, Single Radio Access Technology (RAT) Dual Connectivity (single-RAT DC), and/or Multi-Radio Access Technology Dual Connectivity (MR-DC).
As channel conditions change for the user equipment, the user equipment, a master base station, and/or a core network function can add or remove base stations from the ACS while the user equipment concurrently communicates with base stations in the ACS that provide usable link quality. Based on these changes to the ACS, the master base station can add or remove base stations from the joint communication with the user equipment without performing a handover that interrupts data communication with the user equipment.
In aspects, a UE and/or an ACS Server can create multiple ACSs for that particular UE. The UE can operate using one or more ACSs. The UE can use the ACSs independently (e.g., use one ACS at a time) for communication with a Radio Access Network (RAN). The UE can operate using multiple ACSs concurrently, either by using each ACS for a separate communication link with the RAN or by using multiple ACSs cooperatively to support a single communication link with the RAN.
In further aspects, an ACS can be created, maintained, and used based on a variety of factors. A RAN may include radio spectrum from various radio bands (subbands), such as radio spectrum in a below 1 GHz (sub-gigahertz) band, a below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz) band, and an above-6 GHz band that includes millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. For example, one factor for ACS creation and use is based on radio frequencies. A first ACS can include a carrier subband(s) in the sub-gigahertz band that provides coverage of relatively larger geographic areas than a second ACS for a carrier subband(s) at a higher radio frequency (RF). A carrier subband can be related to a portion of a radio band, such as a lower-frequency portion of a radio band that has different propagation characteristics than a higher-frequency portion of the same radio band.
In another aspect, an ACS can be created, maintained, and used based on the channel bandwidth supported in a carrier subband. For example, a first ACS can include a carrier subband(s) in mmWave RF spectrum that provides wide channel bandwidths to support higher data rates than a second ACS for a carrier subband(s) in the sub-gigahertz band that only supports relatively-narrower channel bandwidths with inherently lower data rates.
In further aspects, ACSs can be created, maintained, and used based on other factors, such as: a first ACS used for control-plane signaling and a second ACS(s) used for user-plane data communication, a first ACS used for uplink (UL) communication and a second ACS used for downlink (DL) communication, or a first ACS used when the UE is in a disengaged mode and a second ACS(s) used when the UE is in an engaged mode. For example, the first ACS may include lower-frequency carrier subbands to provide more-reliable control-plane signaling using narrower channels and lower-order modulation and coding schemes (MCS) and the second ACS may include a carrier subband(s) that provides wider channels and higher data rates for user-plane data communication.
In another example, the first ACS may include a carrier subband(s) with narrower channel bandwidths for uplink (UL) data communication and the second ACS may include a carrier subband(s) that provides wider channels and higher data rates for downlink (DL) communications. In a further example, the first ACS may include lower-frequency carrier subbands for use when the UE is in the disengaged mode to reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to operate at lower frequencies and the second ACS may include a carrier subband(s) that provides wider channels and higher data rates when the UE is in the engaged mode to support higher data-rate communication.
In one aspect, by providing support in the UE for multiple ACSs and dynamic switching between ACSs, the complexity of UE implementations can be reduced. For example, bandwidth switching decisions can be made by a master base station that monitors UE communications, such as DL data buffered in the RAN for the UE, and dynamically switches the UE from a lower-bandwidth ACS (e.g., an ACS with a carrier subband with a 1 MHz channel bandwidth) to a higher-bandwidth ACS (e.g., an ACS with a carrier subband with a 10 MHz or 100 MHz channel bandwidth).
In another aspect, by providing support in the UE for multiple ACSs and dynamic switching between ACSs, thermal and power constraints of the UE can be balanced against control-plane signaling and user-plane data communication. For example, if the UE determines that is constrained by power (e.g., low battery capacity) or thermal (e.g., an overheating condition in the UE) considerations, the master base station can dynamically switch the UE to an ACS that reduces power consumption or heat generation for the UE, such an ACS in a lower RF band, narrower channel bandwidths, and/or lower-order MCS.
In aspects, a carrier subband can be any portion of radio spectrum available in a RAN. The carrier subband can be an RF band (e.g., the sub-gigahertz band, the sub-6 GHz band, or the above-6 GHz band), a portion, subband, or bandwidth part of an RF band, a portion of an RF band that is allocated for channels of a specific bandwidth (e.g., 1 MHz, 10 MHz, or 100 MHz channel bandwidths), channels with a particular numerology in an RF band, and so forth.
In other aspects, a master base station (or an ACS Server acting as a controller for base stations in an ACS) can select and switch the ACS(s) for the UE based on one or more factors. For example, the master base station may select an ACS(s) based on one or more of: UE capability information received from the UE; DL data queued for the UE; a buffer status for UL data pending for transmission by the UE; a request from the UE based on a UE-related state, such as a thermal or power condition in the UE; network resource scheduling needs of the RAN; link quality measurements; or any other suitable factor(s).
In other aspects, the UE can switch from communicating using a single ACS to using another single ACS, switch from communicating using a single ACS to using multiple ACSs, or switch from communicating using multiple ACSs to using a single ACS. Switching between ACSs can be coordinated between master base stations for each of the ACSs using peer-to-peer communication (e.g., using an Xn interface), or a controller, such as an ACS Server, can coordinate with the master base stations in the ACSs to direct the switching of the UE between ACSs.
While features and concepts of the described systems and methods for dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented in any number of different environments, systems, devices, and/or various configurations, aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets are described in the context of the following example devices, systems, and configurations.
RELATED APPLICATION(S)
This application is a national stage entry of International Application No. PCT/US2020/014638, filed Jan. 22, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/797,885, filed Jan. 28, 2019, the disclosures which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
BACKGROUND
The evolution of wireless communication to fifth generation (5G) and sixth generation (6G) standards and technologies provides higher data rates and greater capacity, with improved reliability and lower latency, which enhances mobile broadband services. 5G and 6G technologies also provide new classes of services for vehicular, fixed wireless broadband, and the Internet of Things (IoT).
A unified air interface, which utilizes licensed, unlicensed, and shared license radio spectrum, in multiple frequency bands, is one aspect of enabling the capabilities of 5G and 6G systems. The 5G and 6G air interface utilizes radio spectrum in bands below 1 GHz (sub-gigahertz), below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and above 6 GHz. Radio spectrum above 6 GHz includes millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands that provide wide channel bandwidths to support higher data rates for wireless broadband.
To increase data rates, throughput, and reliability for a user equipment, 5G and 6G systems support various forms of wireless connectivity that use multiple radio links between base stations and the user equipment. Techniques such as dual connectivity (DC) or coordinated multipoint (CoMP) communications, often coupled with beamformed signals, can improve data rates, throughput, and reliability, especially as received signal strengths decease for the user equipment near the edge of cells. The use of these radio link configurations increases the complexity of mobility management to maintain high data rates and reliability for the user equipment.
Conventional mobility management techniques are based on base station neighbor relationships and use handovers to maintain connectivity for the user equipment. However, conventional handover techniques do not account for internal conditions or states of the user equipment that require mitigation, such as a thermal condition in the user equipment or battery capacity of the user equipment.
SUMMARY
This summary is provided to introduce simplified concepts of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets. The simplified concepts are further described below in the Detailed Description. This summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
In some aspects, a method for coordinating joint communication with a user equipment (UE) by a master base station of a first Active Coordination Set (ACS) is described in which the master base station selects a first carrier subband associated with the first ACS for joint communication with the UE, coordinates the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and monitors the joint communication with the UE. Based on the monitoring the joint communication, the master base station selects a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and coordinates with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
In another aspect, a network device is described that is configured for coordinating joint communication with a user equipment (UE) using one or more Active Coordination Sets. The network device includes a processor and memory system to implement a joint communication scheduler application. The joint communication scheduler application is configured to select a first carrier subband associated with the first ACS for joint communication with the UE, to coordinate, using the Xn interface, the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and to monitor the joint communication with the UE. The joint communication scheduler application is configured to, based on the monitoring of the joint communication, select a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and to coordinate, using the Xn interface, with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
In another aspect, a network device is described that is configured for performing any of the methods disclosed herein. In yet another aspect, processor-readable medium is described that comprises instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, cause a device including the one or more processors to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets are described with reference to the following drawings. The same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like features and components:
FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network system in which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example device diagram that can implement various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets.
FIG. 3 illustrates an air interface resource that extends between a user equipment and a base station and with which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets techniques can be implemented.
FIG. 4 illustrates example user equipment states which may implement various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a user equipment, in an engaged mode, moving through a radio access network that includes multiple base stations in accordance with aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets techniques.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example environment in which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example environment 700 in which a user equipment maintains multiple ACSs for different frequency bands in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
FIG. 8 illustrates an example environment 800 in which a user equipment maintains multiple ACSs for control-plane and user-plane communications in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
FIG. 9 illustrates an example environment 900 in which a user equipment maintains multiple ACSs based on resource control states of the UE in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
FIG. 10 illustrates an example method of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets as generally related to the master base station in accordance with aspects of the techniques described herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
This document describes methods, devices, systems, and means for dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets. A master base station selects a first carrier subband associated with a first Active Coordination Set (ACS) for joint communication with a user equipment (UE), coordinates the joint communication for the UE with other base stations in the first ACS, and monitors the joint communication with the UE. Based on the monitoring of the joint communication, the master base station selects a second carrier subband that is associated with a second ACS for the joint communication with the UE and coordinates with base stations associated with the second ACS to jointly communicate with the UE using the second carrier subband.
In aspects, an Active Coordination Set (ACS) is a user equipment-specific set of base stations (e.g., 5G and/or 6G base stations) usable for wireless communication by the user equipment. The ACS may be a component of, or used to implement, a user-centric no-cell (UCNC) network architecture. More specifically, the base stations that are included in the ACS are usable for joint communication (coordinated communication), which includes joint transmission, joint reception, or joint transmission and joint reception between the user equipment and one or more of the base stations in the ACS. The joint transmission and/or reception techniques include CoMP, Single Radio Access Technology (RAT) Dual Connectivity (single-RAT DC), and/or Multi-Radio Access Technology Dual Connectivity (MR-DC).
As channel conditions change for the user equipment, the user equipment, a master base station, and/or a core network function can add or remove base stations from the ACS while the user equipment concurrently communicates with base stations in the ACS that provide usable link quality. Based on these changes to the ACS, the master base station can add or remove base stations from the joint communication with the user equipment without performing a handover that interrupts data communication with the user equipment.
In aspects, a UE and/or an ACS Server can create multiple ACSs for that particular UE. The UE can operate using one or more ACSs. The UE can use the ACSs independently (e.g., use one ACS at a time) for communication with a Radio Access Network (RAN). The UE can operate using multiple ACSs concurrently, either by using each ACS for a separate communication link with the RAN or by using multiple ACSs cooperatively to support a single communication link with the RAN.
In further aspects, an ACS can be created, maintained, and used based on a variety of factors. A RAN may include radio spectrum from various radio bands (subbands), such as radio spectrum in a below 1 GHz (sub-gigahertz) band, a below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz) band, and an above-6 GHz band that includes millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies. For example, one factor for ACS creation and use is based on radio frequencies. A first ACS can include a carrier subband(s) in the sub-gigahertz band that provides coverage of relatively larger geographic areas than a second ACS for a carrier subband(s) at a higher radio frequency (RF). A carrier subband can be related to a portion of a radio band, such as a lower-frequency portion of a radio band that has different propagation characteristics than a higher-frequency portion of the same radio band.
In another aspect, an ACS can be created, maintained, and used based on the channel bandwidth supported in a carrier subband. For example, a first ACS can include a carrier subband(s) in mmWave RF spectrum that provides wide channel bandwidths to support higher data rates than a second ACS for a carrier subband(s) in the sub-gigahertz band that only supports relatively-narrower channel bandwidths with inherently lower data rates.
In further aspects, ACSs can be created, maintained, and used based on other factors, such as: a first ACS used for control-plane signaling and a second ACS(s) used for user-plane data communication, a first ACS used for uplink (UL) communication and a second ACS used for downlink (DL) communication, or a first ACS used when the UE is in a disengaged mode and a second ACS(s) used when the UE is in an engaged mode. For example, the first ACS may include lower-frequency carrier subbands to provide more-reliable control-plane signaling using narrower channels and lower-order modulation and coding schemes (MCS) and the second ACS may include a carrier subband(s) that provides wider channels and higher data rates for user-plane data communication.
In another example, the first ACS may include a carrier subband(s) with narrower channel bandwidths for uplink (UL) data communication and the second ACS may include a carrier subband(s) that provides wider channels and higher data rates for downlink (DL) communications. In a further example, the first ACS may include lower-frequency carrier subbands for use when the UE is in the disengaged mode to reduce UE power consumption by enabling the UE to operate at lower frequencies and the second ACS may include a carrier subband(s) that provides wider channels and higher data rates when the UE is in the engaged mode to support higher data-rate communication.
In one aspect, by providing support in the UE for multiple ACSs and dynamic switching between ACSs, the complexity of UE implementations can be reduced. For example, bandwidth switching decisions can be made by a master base station that monitors UE communications, such as DL data buffered in the RAN for the UE, and dynamically switches the UE from a lower-bandwidth ACS (e.g., an ACS with a carrier subband with a 1 MHz channel bandwidth) to a higher-bandwidth ACS (e.g., an ACS with a carrier subband with a 10 MHz or 100 MHz channel bandwidth).
In another aspect, by providing support in the UE for multiple ACSs and dynamic switching between ACSs, thermal and power constraints of the UE can be balanced against control-plane signaling and user-plane data communication. For example, if the UE determines that is constrained by power (e.g., low battery capacity) or thermal (e.g., an overheating condition in the UE) considerations, the master base station can dynamically switch the UE to an ACS that reduces power consumption or heat generation for the UE, such an ACS in a lower RF band, narrower channel bandwidths, and/or lower-order MCS.
In aspects, a carrier subband can be any portion of radio spectrum available in a RAN. The carrier subband can be an RF band (e.g., the sub-gigahertz band, the sub-6 GHz band, or the above-6 GHz band), a portion, subband, or bandwidth part of an RF band, a portion of an RF band that is allocated for channels of a specific bandwidth (e.g., 1 MHz, 10 MHz, or 100 MHz channel bandwidths), channels with a particular numerology in an RF band, and so forth.
In other aspects, a master base station (or an ACS Server acting as a controller for base stations in an ACS) can select and switch the ACS(s) for the UE based on one or more factors. For example, the master base station may select an ACS(s) based on one or more of: UE capability information received from the UE; DL data queued for the UE; a buffer status for UL data pending for transmission by the UE; a request from the UE based on a UE-related state, such as a thermal or power condition in the UE; network resource scheduling needs of the RAN; link quality measurements; or any other suitable factor(s).
In other aspects, the UE can switch from communicating using a single ACS to using another single ACS, switch from communicating using a single ACS to using multiple ACSs, or switch from communicating using multiple ACSs to using a single ACS. Switching between ACSs can be coordinated between master base stations for each of the ACSs using peer-to-peer communication (e.g., using an Xn interface), or a controller, such as an ACS Server, can coordinate with the master base stations in the ACSs to direct the switching of the UE between ACSs.
While features and concepts of the described systems and methods for dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented in any number of different environments, systems, devices, and/or various configurations, aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets are described in the context of the following example devices, systems, and configurations.
Example Environment
FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment 100 in which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented. The example environment 100 includes a user equipment 110 (UE 110 ) that communicates with one or more base stations 120 (illustrated as base stations 121 and 122 ), through one or more wireless communication links 130 (wireless link 130 ), illustrated as wireless links
131 and 132 . In this example, the user equipment 110 is implemented as a smartphone. Although illustrated as a smartphone, the user equipment 110 may be implemented as any suitable computing or electronic device, such as a mobile communication device, a modem, cellular phone, gaming device, navigation device, media device, laptop computer, desktop computer, tablet computer, smart appliance, vehicle-based communication system, or an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device such as a sensor or an actuator. The base stations 120 (e.g., an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network Node B, E-UTRAN Node B, evolved Node B, eNodeB, eNB, Next Generation Node B, gNode B, gNB, a 6G node B, or the like) may be implemented in a macrocell, microcell, small cell, picocell, and the like, or any combination thereof.
The base stations 120 communicate with the user equipment 110 via the wireless links
131 and 132 , which may be implemented as any suitable type of wireless link. The wireless links 131 and 132 can include a downlink of data and control information communicated from the base stations 120 to the user equipment 110 , an uplink of other data and control information communicated from the user equipment 110 to the base stations 120 , or both. The wireless links 130 may include one or more wireless links or bearers implemented using any suitable communication protocol or standard, or combination of communication protocols or standards such as 3rd Generation Partnership Project Long-Term Evolution (3GPP LTE), Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR), 6G, and so forth. Multiple wireless links 130 may be aggregated in a carrier aggregation to provide a higher data rate for the user equipment 110 . Multiple wireless links 130 from multiple base stations 120 may be configured for Coordinated Multipoint (CoMP) communication with the user equipment 110 . Additionally, multiple wireless links 130 may be configured for single-radio access technology (RAT) (single-RAT) dual connectivity (single-RAT-DC) or multi-RAT dual connectivity (MR-DC).
The base stations 120 are collectively a Radio Access Network 140 (RAN, Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network, E-UTRAN, 5G NR RAN or NR RAN). The base stations
121 and 122 in the RAN 140 are connected to a core network 150 , such as a Fifth Generation Core (5GC) or 6G core network. The base stations
121 and 122 connect, at 102 and 104 respectively, to the core network 150 via an NG2 interface (or a similar 6G interface) for control-plane signaling and via an NG3 interface (or a similar 6G interface) for user-plane data communications. In addition to connections to core networks, base stations 120 may communicate with each other via an Xn Application Protocol (XnAP), at 112 , to exchange user-plane and control-plane data. The user equipment 110 may also connect, via the core network 150 , to public networks, such as the Internet 160 to interact with a remote service 170 .
Example Devices
FIG. 2 illustrates an example device diagram 200 of the user equipment 110 and the base stations 120 . The user equipment 110 and the base stations 120 may include additional functions and interfaces that are omitted from FIG. 2 for the sake of clarity. The user equipment 110 includes antennas 202 , a radio frequency front end 204 (RF front end 204 ), an LTE transceiver 206 , a 5G NR transceiver 208 , and a 6G transceiver 210 for communicating with base stations 120 in the RAN 140 . The RF front end 204 of the user equipment 110 can couple or connect the LTE transceiver 206 , the 5G NR transceiver 208 , and the 6G transceiver 210 to the antennas 202 to facilitate various types of wireless communication. The antennas 202 of the user equipment 110 may include an array of multiple antennas that are configured similarly to or differently from each other. The antennas 202 and the RF front end 204 can be tuned to, and/or be tunable to, one or more frequency bands defined by the 3GPP LTE, 5G NR, and 6G communication standards and implemented by the LTE transceiver 206 , the 5G NR transceiver 208 , and/or the 6G transceiver 210 . Additionally, the antennas 202 , the RF front end 204 , the LTE transceiver 206 , the 5G NR transceiver 208 , and/or the 6G transceiver 210 may be configured to support beamforming for the transmission and reception of communications with the base stations 120 . By way of example and not limitation, the antennas 202 and the RF front end 204 can be implemented for operation in sub-gigahertz bands, sub-6 GHZ bands, and/or above 6 GHz bands that are defined by the 3GPP LTE, 5G NR, and 6G communication standards.
The user equipment 110 also includes processor(s) 212 and computer-readable storage media 214 (CRM 214 ). The processor 212 may be a single core processor or a multiple core processor composed of a variety of materials, such as silicon, polysilicon, high-K dielectric, copper, and so on. The computer-readable storage media described herein excludes propagating signals. CRM 214 may include any suitable memory or storage device such as random-access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or Flash memory useable to store device data 216 of the user equipment 110 . The device data 216 includes user data, multimedia data, beamforming codebooks, applications, and/or an operating system of the user equipment 110 , which are executable by processor(s) 212 to enable user-plane communication, control-plane signaling, and user interaction with the user equipment 110 .
In some implementations, the CRM 214 may also include an active coordination set (ACS) manager 218 . The ACS manager 218 can communicate with the antennas 202 , the RF front end 204 , the LTE transceiver 206 , the 5G NR transceiver 208 , and/or the 6G transceiver 210 to monitor the quality of the wireless communication links 130 .
The device diagram for the base stations 120 , shown in FIG. 2 , includes a single network node (e.g., a gNode B). The functionality of the base stations 120 may be distributed across multiple network nodes or devices and may be distributed in any fashion suitable to perform the functions described herein. The base stations 120 include antennas 252 , a radio frequency front end 254 (RF front end 254 ), one or more LTE transceivers 256 , one or more 5G NR transceivers 258 , and/or one or more 6G transceivers 260 for communicating with the UE 110 . The RF front end 254 of the base stations 120 can couple or connect the LTE transceivers 256 , the 5G NR transceivers 258 , and/or the 6G transceivers 260 to the antennas 252 to facilitate various types of wireless communication. The antennas 252 of the base stations 120 may include an array of multiple antennas that are configured similarly to or differently from each other. The antennas 252 and the RF front end 254 can be tuned to, and/or be tunable to, one or more frequency band defined by the 3GPP LTE, 5G NR, and 6G communication standards, and implemented by the LTE transceivers 256 , one or more 5G NR transceivers 258 , and/or one or more 6G transceivers 260 . Additionally, the antennas 252 , the RF front end 254 , the LTE transceivers 256 , one or more 5G NR transceivers 258 , and/or one or more 6G transceivers 260 may be configured to support beamforming, such as Massive-MIMO, for the transmission and reception of communications with the UE 110 .
The base stations 120 also include processor(s) 262 and computer-readable storage media 264 (CRM 264 ). The processor 262 may be a single core processor or a multiple core processor composed of a variety of materials, such as silicon, polysilicon, high-K dielectric, copper, and so on. CRM 264 may include any suitable memory or storage device such as random-access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), non-volatile RAM (NVRAM), read-only memory (ROM), or Flash memory useable to store device data 266 of the base stations 120 . The device data 266 includes network scheduling data, radio resource management data, beamforming codebooks, applications, and/or an operating system of the base stations 120 , which are executable by processor(s) 262 to enable communication with the user equipment 110 .
CRM 264 also includes a joint communication scheduler 268 . Alternately or additionally, the joint communication scheduler 268 may be implemented in whole or part as hardware logic or circuitry integrated with or separate from other components of the base stations 120 . In at least some aspects, the joint communication scheduler 268 configures the LTE transceivers 256 , the 5G NR transceivers 258 , and the 6G transceiver(s) 260 for communication with the user equipment 110 , as well as communication with a core network, such as the core network 150 , and routing user-plane and control-plane data for joint communication. Additionally, the joint communication scheduler 268 may allocate air interface resources and schedule communications for the UE 110 and base stations 120 in the ACS when the base station 120 is acting as a master base station for the base stations 120 in the ACS.
The base stations 120 include an inter-base station interface 270 , such as an Xn and/or X2 interface, which the joint communication scheduler 268 configures to exchange user-plane and control-plane data between other base stations 120 , to manage the communication of the base stations 120 with the user equipment 110 . The base stations 120 include a core network interface 272 that the joint communication scheduler 268 configures to exchange user-plane and control-plane data with core network functions and/or entities.
FIG. 3 illustrates an air interface resource that extends between a user equipment and a base station and with which various aspects of dynamic carrier subband operation for active coordination sets can be implemented. The air interface resource 302 can be divided into resource units 304 , each of which occupies some intersection of frequency spectrum and elapsed time. A portion of the air interface resource 302 is illustrated graphically in a grid or matrix having multiple resource blocks 310 , including example resource blocks 311 , 312 , 313 , 314 . An example of a resource unit 304 therefore includes at least one resource block 310 . As shown, time is depicted along the horizontal dimension as the abscissa axis, and frequency is depicted along the vertical dimension as the ordinate axis. The air interface resource 302 , as defined by a given communication protocol or standard, may span any suitable specified frequency range, and/or may be divided into intervals of any specified duration. Increments of time can correspond to, for example, milliseconds (mSec). Increments of frequency can correspond to, for example, megahertz (MHz).
In example operations generally, the base stations 120 allocate portions (e.g., the resource units 304 ) of the air interface resource 302 for uplink and downlink communications. Each resource block 310 of network access resources may be allocated to support respective wireless communication links 130 of multiple user equipment 110 . In the lower left corner of the grid, the resource block 311 may span, as defined by a given communication protocol, a specified frequency range 306 and comprise multiple subcarriers or frequency sub-bands. The resource block 311 may include any suitable number of subcarriers (e.g., 12) that each correspond to a respective portion (e.g., 15 kHz) of the specified frequency range 306 (e.g., 180 kHz). The resource block 311 may also span, as defined by the given communication protocol, a specified time interval 308 or time slot (e.g., lasting approximately one-half millisecond or 7 orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols). The time interval 308 includes subintervals that may each correspond to a symbol, such as an OFDM symbol. As shown in FIG. 3 , each resource block 310 may include multiple resource elements 320 (REs) that correspond to, or are defined by, a subcarrier of the frequency range 306 and a subinterval (or symbol) of the time interval 308 . Alternatively, a given resource element 320 may span more than one frequency subcarrier or symbol. Thus, a resource unit 304 may include at least one resource block 310 , at least one resource element 320 , and so forth.
In example implementations, multiple user equipment 110 (one of which is shown) are communicating with the base stations 120 (one of which is shown) through access provided by portions of the air interface resource 302 . The joint communication scheduler 268 (shown in FIG. 2 ) may determine a respective data-rate, type of information, or amount of information (e.g., data or control information) to be communicated (e.g., transmitted) by the user equipment 110 . For example, the joint communication scheduler 268 can determine that each user equipment 110 is to transmit at a different respective data rate or transmit a different respective amount of information. The joint communication scheduler 268 then allocates one or more resource blocks 310 to each user equipment 110 based on the determined data rate or amount of information.
Additionally, or in the alternative to block-level resource grants, the joint communication scheduler 268 may allocate resource units at an element-level. Thus, the joint communication scheduler 268 may allocate one or more resource elements 320 or individual subcarriers to different user equipment 110 . By so doing, one resource block 310 can be allocated to facilitate network access for multiple user equipment 110 . Accordingly, the joint communication scheduler 268 may allocate, at various granularities, one or up to all subcarriers or resource elements 320
CLAIMS
Claims ( 21 )
What is claimed is:
1. A method for determining Active Coordination Sets of base stations by a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication between the user equipment and multiple base stations, the method comprising:
evaluating, by the user equipment, a link quality measurement for a first base station and a second base station in a plurality of base stations;
determining, by the UE, a first set of base stations, including the first base station and the second base station from the plurality of base stations, to include in a first Active Coordination Set (ACS);
sending a first message to an ACS Server including an indication to add the first set of base stations to the first ACS, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
store the first ACS for the user equipment, the stored first ACS including the indication of the first set of base stations; and
send a copy of the stored first ACS to a master base station included in the first ACS;
jointly-communicating with the first set of base stations in the first ACS;
determining, by the user equipment, that a base station in the first ACS is below a minimum link quality threshold;
adding, to the first ACS, a third base station from the plurality of base stations;
determining, by the UE, a second set of base stations from the plurality of base stations to include in a second ACS, the second ACS including a different set of base stations relative to the first ACS;
sending a second message to the ACS Server including an indication to delete from the first ACS the base station that is below the minimum link quality threshold, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
update the stored copy as the second ACS to remove the indicated base station from the ACS;
store the updated copy of the stored second ACS; and
send the updated copy of the first ACS to the master base station included in the second ACS; and
jointly-communicating with the second set of base stations in the second ACS.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the jointly-communicating with the first set of base stations in the first ACS, by the user equipment, comprises:
jointly-receiving, by the user equipment, downlink user-plane data from the first set of base stations in the first ACS;
jointly-transmitting, by the user equipment, uplink user-plane data to the first set of base stations in the first ACS; or
both the jointly-receiving the downlink user-plane data and the jointly-transmitting the uplink user-plane data with the first set of base stations in the first ACS.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the evaluating, by the user equipment, comprises:
receiving, by the user equipment, downlink radio frequency (RF) signals from each of the plurality of base stations;
measuring a link quality parameter of each of the downlink RF signals; and
comparing each of the measured link quality parameters to a minimum link quality threshold.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the determining the first set of base stations comprises:
determining to add to the first ACS any of the base stations with a measured link quality parameter that exceeds the minimum link quality threshold.
5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the link quality parameter is:
a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI);
a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); or
a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sending a message to the ACS Server comprises:
sending the message using a Radio Resource Control (RRC) communication, a Non-Access Stratum (NAS) communication, or an application-layer communication.
7. The method of claim 1 ,
wherein the determining the first set of base stations to include in the first ACS comprises:
determining the first set of base stations for communication in a first carrier subband; and
wherein the determining the second set of base stations from the plurality of base stations to include in the second ACS comprises:
determining the second set of base stations for communication in a second carrier subband.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein uplink data is communicated using the first ACS, and wherein uplink control-plane signaling for downlink data transmitted is communicated using the second ACS.
9. The method of claim 7 , further comprising:
transmitting, by the UE, UE capability information, the transmitting directing a master base station to select the first carrier subband or select the second carrier subband based at least in part on the UE capability information.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the jointly-communicating with the second set of base stations in the second ACS, by the user equipment, comprises:
jointly-receiving, by the user equipment, downlink user-plane data from the second set of base stations in the second ACS;
jointly-transmitting, by the user equipment, uplink user-plane data to the second set of base stations in the second ACS; or
both the jointly-receiving the downlink user-plane data and the jointly-transmitting the uplink user-plane data with the second set of base stations in the second ACS.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining the second set of base stations comprises:
determining to add to the second ACS any of the base stations with a measured link quality parameter that exceeds the minimum link quality threshold.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
sending a third message to an ACS Server including an indication to add the second set of base stations to the second ACS, the message being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
store the second ACS for the user equipment, the stored second ACS including the indication of the second set of base stations; and
send a copy of the stored second ACS to a master base station.
13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:
determining, by the user equipment, that a base station in the second ACS is below a minimum link quality threshold;
sending a fourth message to the ACS Server including an indication to delete from the second ACS the base station that is below the minimum link quality threshold, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
update the stored copy of the second ACS to remove the indicated base station from the ACS;
store the updated copy of the second ACS; and
send the updated copy of the second ACS to the master base station.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first set of base stations intersects with the second set of base stations.
15. A user equipment (UE), comprising:
a processor; and
memory comprising instructions executable by the processor to cause the UE to:
evaluate a link quality measurement for a first base station and a second base station in a plurality of base stations;
determine a first set of base stations, including the first base station and the second base station from the plurality of base stations, to include in a first Active Coordination Set (ACS);
send a first message to an ACS Server including an indication to add the first set of base stations to the first ACS, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
store the first ACS for the user equipment, the stored first ACS including the indication of the first set of base stations; and
send a copy of the stored first ACS to a master base station included in the first ACS;
jointly-communicate with the first set of base stations in the first ACS;
determine that a base station in the first ACS is below a minimum link quality threshold;
add, to the first ACS, a third base station from the plurality of base stations;
determine a second set of base stations from the plurality of base stations to include in a second ACS, the second ACS including a different set of base stations relative to the first ACS;
send a second message to the ACS Server including an indication to delete from the first ACS the base station that is below the minimum link quality threshold, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
update the stored copy as the second ACS to remove the indicated base station from the ACS;
store the updated copy of the stored second ACS; and
send the updated copy of the first ACS to the master base station included in the second ACS; and
jointly-communicate with the second set of base stations in the second ACS.
16. The user equipment of claim 15 , wherein the instructions to jointly-communicate with the first set of base stations in the first ACS further configure the user equipment to:
jointly-receive downlink user-plane data from the first set of base stations in the first ACS;
jointly-transmit uplink user-plane data to the first set of base stations in the first ACS; or
both the jointly-receive the downlink user-plane data and the jointly-transmit the uplink user-plane data with the first set of base stations in the first ACS.
17. The user equipment of claim 15 , wherein the instructions to evaluate the link quality measurement for each base station configure the user equipment to:
receive downlink radio frequency, RF, signals from each of the plurality of base stations;
measure a link quality parameter of each of the downlink RF signals; and
compare each of the measured link quality parameters to a minimum link quality threshold.
18. The user equipment of claim 17 , wherein the instructions to determine the first set of base stations configure the user equipment to:
determine to add to the first ACS any of the base stations with a measured link quality parameter that exceeds the minimum link quality threshold.
19. The user equipment of claim 17 , wherein the link quality parameter is:
a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI);
a Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); or
a Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ).
20. A method for determining Active Coordination Sets of base stations by a user equipment (UE) for wireless communication between the user equipment and multiple base stations, the method comprising:
evaluating, by the user equipment, a link quality measurement for a first base station and a second base station in a plurality of base stations;
determining, by the UE, a first set of base stations, including the first base station and the second base station from the plurality of base stations, to include in a first Active Coordination Set (ACS);
jointly-communicating with the first set of base stations in the first ACS;
adding, to the first ACS, a third base station from the plurality of base stations;
determining, by the UE, a second set of base stations from the plurality of base stations to include in a second ACS, the second ACS including a different set of base stations relative to the first ACS;
sending a first message to an ACS Server including an indication to add the second set of base stations to the second ACS, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
store the second ACS for the user equipment, the stored second ACS including the indication of the second set of base stations; and
send a copy of the stored second ACS to a master base station; and jointly-communicating with the second set of base stations in the second ACS.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising:
determining, by the user equipment, that a base station in the second ACS is below a minimum link quality threshold;
sending a second message to the ACS Server including an indication to delete from the second ACS the base station that is below the minimum link quality threshold, the sending being effective to cause the ACS Server to:
update the stored copy of the second ACS to remove the indicated base station from the ACS;
store the updated copy of the second ACS; and
send the updated copy of the second ACS to the master base station.
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