ABSTRACT
Abstract
A package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle including an outer skin having left and right side walls and a front end and a rear end, a base positioned within the outer skin exerting a force against inner surfaces of the left and right side walls of the outer skin, and a handle upwardly extending from the base.
Description
BACKGROUND
An unmanned vehicle, which may also be referred to as an autonomous vehicle, is a vehicle capable of travel without a physically-present human operator. An unmanned vehicle may operate in a remote-control mode, in an autonomous mode, or in a partially autonomous mode.
When an unmanned vehicle operates in a remote-control mode, a pilot or driver that is at a remote location can control the unmanned vehicle via commands that are sent to the unmanned vehicle via a wireless link. When the unmanned vehicle operates in autonomous mode, the unmanned vehicle typically moves based on pre-programmed navigation waypoints, dynamic automation systems, or a combination of these. Further, some unmanned vehicles can operate in both a remote-control mode and an autonomous mode, and in some instances may do so simultaneously. For instance, a remote pilot or driver may wish to leave navigation to an autonomous system while manually performing another task, such as operating a mechanical system for picking up objects, as an example.
Various types of unmanned vehicles exist for various different environments. For instance, unmanned vehicles exist for operation in the air, on the ground, underwater, and in space. Examples include quad-copters and tail-sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles âUAVsâ, among others. Unmanned vehicles also exist for hybrid operations in which multi-environment operation is possible. Examples of hybrid unmanned vehicles include an amphibious craft that is capable of operation on land as well as on water or a floatplane that is capable of landing on water as well as on land. Other examples are also possible.
UAVs may be used to carry a load to be delivered. When a payload is carried outside of the aircraft or UAV, there are a series of packaging challenges that need to be addressed. The package creates aerodynamic drag on the system. The outer mold line of the package needs to be carefully formed to minimize its aerodynamic impact. A traditional rectangular box creates an undesirable amount of drag.
Furthermore, the package enclosure needs to protect its contents from the environment (temperature, moisture, dirt, insects, impact, etc.). A package enclosure on the outside of an aircraft or UAV is subjected to a huge range of environmental conditions. The package enclosure needs to be durable enough to safely contain its cargo. Also, the package enclosure should protect the package contents from convection cooling/heating (air blowing through package).
The package enclosure also requires a firm attachment point to the aircraft or UAV. A package mounted to the exterior of an aircraft affects the flight dynamics of the system and needs to be rigidly mounted so that it does not shift in flight.
In addition, the package contents need to be held in place inside the package enclosure. Shifting contents will affect the aircraft's balance which will affect its flight dynamics.
SUMMARY
The present embodiments are directed to an aerodynamic package enclosure that may be secured underneath an aerial vehicle which may be used to deliver a package contained within the package enclosure. Using these embodiments of a package enclosure allows the aircraft/package system to have an optimal exterior form for aerodynamic efficiency (which reduces energy needed to power the aircraft) while simultaneously allowing the packaging to be lightweight, and extremely minimal for both merchant storage and end user disposal.
The new package enclosure is basically designed like a wing with one or more ribs and an outer skin. The inner ribs put tension on the outer skin, creating a very stiff and lightweight structure. The oval shape of the package reduces drag and unused volume (especially when loaded with drinking cups). The embodiments are optimized for aerodynamics and may have a coefficient of drag of 0.35 or less, and in some embodiments 0.28 or less, far superior to âboxyâ package enclosure designs. The design may make use of an âover centerâ kinematic to apply tension to the outer skin. The package can be folded completely flat and everything clicks in place very easily. The package also has a very pleasant appearance and includes a handle for attachment to a drone or UAV. The handle is also useful to make the package enclosure available to be used as a handheld carrying bag after delivery. The package enclosure has similarities to an air foil when positioned beneath the UAV.
In one aspect, a package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle is provided, including an outer skin having left and right side walls and a front end and a rear end, a base positioned within the outer skin exerting a force against inner surfaces of the left and right side walls of the outer skin; and a handle upwardly extending from the base.
In another aspect, a method of constructing a package enclosure is provided, comprising the steps of (i) providing an outer skin with right and left side walls, front and rear end walls, a base, and a handle, wherein the base comprises first and second base sections secured to the handle, and the first base section include a first tab extending from a front end of the first base section, and the second base section includes a second tab extending from the second base section; (ii) inserting the first tab into a slot in the front end of the outer skin; (iii) inserting the second tab into a slot in the rear end of the outer skin; and (iv) pushing down on the handle to move the first and second base sections into a horizontal position while drawing in the right and left side walls into contact with the first and second base sections.
In a further aspect, a method of constructing a package enclosure is provided, comprising the steps of: (i) providing an outer skin with right and left side walls, front and rear end walls, a base, and a handle having a transverse section, wherein the base is attached to a bottom of one of the left and right side walls and includes a plurality of tabs extending from a free end thereof; and (ii) moving the base into a horizontal position and extending the tabs into slots of the left or right side wall to which the base is not attached.
In yet another aspect, a package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle is provided, including an outer skin having first and second side walls and a first and second end walls, a base positioned within the outer skin, and a handle upwardly extending between the first and second side walls, wherein the base includes a first base section and a second base section and the handle includes a first handle section and a second handle section, wherein the first handle section is contiguous with a first portion of the first side wall, the first portion of the first side wall is contiguous with the first end wall, the first end wall is contiguous to the second side wall, the second side wall is contiguous with the second end wall, the second end wall is contiguous with a second portion of the first side wall, the second portion of the first side wall is contiguous with a second handle section, and the second side wall is contiguous with the first and second base sections.
In another aspect, a method of constructing a package enclosure is provided including the steps of: (i) providing an outer skin with first and second side walls, first and second end walls, a base, and a handle, wherein the base includes a first base section and a second base section and the handle includes a first handle section and a second handle section, wherein the first handle section is contiguous with a first portion of the first side wall, the first portion of the first side wall is contiguous with the first end wall, the first end wall is contiguous to the second side wall, the second side wall is contiguous with the second end wall, the second end wall is contiguous with a second portion of the first side wall, the second portion of the first side wall is contiguous with a second handle section, and the second side wall is contiguous with the first and second base sections; (ii) folding the first base section over the second base section; (iii) folding a first handle extension over the first handle section; (iv) folding a second handle extension over the second handle section; (v) folding the first handle section over itself; (vi) folding the second handle section over itself; (vii) folding the first end wall over itself; (viii) folding the second end wall over itself; and (ix) separating the first and second portions of the first side wall from the second side wall until the first and second handle sections are unfolded and in abutting contact with each other.
These as well as other aspects, advantages, and alternatives, will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the following detailed description, with reference where appropriate to the accompanying drawings. Further, it should be understood that the description provided in this summary section and elsewhere in this document is intended to illustrate the claimed subject matter by way of example and not by way of limitation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3A, and 3B are simplified illustrations of unmanned aerial vehicles, according to example embodiments.
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a network of unmanned aerial vehicles, according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram illustrating components of an unmanned aerial vehicle, according to an example embodiment.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show a UAV that includes a package enclosure 650 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a top view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIG. 7 .
FIG. 9 is a perspective bottom view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 .
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-9 prior to construction.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-10 at a first stage of construction.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-11 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 13 is a perspective bottom view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-12 at a third stage of construction.
FIG. 14 a perspective bottom view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-13 at a fourth stage of construction.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-14 with transverse content holder 180 in position within the package enclosure.
FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-15 with a stabilizing footing 190 .
FIG. 17 is a side view of package enclosure 100 â² prior to construction, according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIG. 17 at a first stage of construction.
FIG. 19 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 20 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIGS. 17-20 with an alternate base design at a first stage of construction.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIG. 20 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 22 is a top perspective view of package enclosure 200 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 23 is a top view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIG. 22 .
FIG. 24 is a perspective view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 prior to construction.
FIG. 25 is a perspective top view of <figure-callout id="200" la
BACKGROUND
An unmanned vehicle, which may also be referred to as an autonomous vehicle, is a vehicle capable of travel without a physically-present human operator. An unmanned vehicle may operate in a remote-control mode, in an autonomous mode, or in a partially autonomous mode.
When an unmanned vehicle operates in a remote-control mode, a pilot or driver that is at a remote location can control the unmanned vehicle via commands that are sent to the unmanned vehicle via a wireless link. When the unmanned vehicle operates in autonomous mode, the unmanned vehicle typically moves based on pre-programmed navigation waypoints, dynamic automation systems, or a combination of these. Further, some unmanned vehicles can operate in both a remote-control mode and an autonomous mode, and in some instances may do so simultaneously. For instance, a remote pilot or driver may wish to leave navigation to an autonomous system while manually performing another task, such as operating a mechanical system for picking up objects, as an example.
Various types of unmanned vehicles exist for various different environments. For instance, unmanned vehicles exist for operation in the air, on the ground, underwater, and in space. Examples include quad-copters and tail-sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles âUAVsâ, among others. Unmanned vehicles also exist for hybrid operations in which multi-environment operation is possible. Examples of hybrid unmanned vehicles include an amphibious craft that is capable of operation on land as well as on water or a floatplane that is capable of landing on water as well as on land. Other examples are also possible.
UAVs may be used to carry a load to be delivered. When a payload is carried outside of the aircraft or UAV, there are a series of packaging challenges that need to be addressed. The package creates aerodynamic drag on the system. The outer mold line of the package needs to be carefully formed to minimize its aerodynamic impact. A traditional rectangular box creates an undesirable amount of drag.
Furthermore, the package enclosure needs to protect its contents from the environment (temperature, moisture, dirt, insects, impact, etc.). A package enclosure on the outside of an aircraft or UAV is subjected to a huge range of environmental conditions. The package enclosure needs to be durable enough to safely contain its cargo. Also, the package enclosure should protect the package contents from convection cooling/heating (air blowing through package).
The package enclosure also requires a firm attachment point to the aircraft or UAV. A package mounted to the exterior of an aircraft affects the flight dynamics of the system and needs to be rigidly mounted so that it does not shift in flight.
In addition, the package contents need to be held in place inside the package enclosure. Shifting contents will affect the aircraft's balance which will affect its flight dynamics.
SUMMARY
The present embodiments are directed to an aerodynamic package enclosure that may be secured underneath an aerial vehicle which may be used to deliver a package contained within the package enclosure. Using these embodiments of a package enclosure allows the aircraft/package system to have an optimal exterior form for aerodynamic efficiency (which reduces energy needed to power the aircraft) while simultaneously allowing the packaging to be lightweight, and extremely minimal for both merchant storage and end user disposal.
The new package enclosure is basically designed like a wing with one or more ribs and an outer skin. The inner ribs put tension on the outer skin, creating a very stiff and lightweight structure. The oval shape of the package reduces drag and unused volume (especially when loaded with drinking cups). The embodiments are optimized for aerodynamics and may have a coefficient of drag of 0.35 or less, and in some embodiments 0.28 or less, far superior to âboxyâ package enclosure designs. The design may make use of an âover centerâ kinematic to apply tension to the outer skin. The package can be folded completely flat and everything clicks in place very easily. The package also has a very pleasant appearance and includes a handle for attachment to a drone or UAV. The handle is also useful to make the package enclosure available to be used as a handheld carrying bag after delivery. The package enclosure has similarities to an air foil when positioned beneath the UAV.
In one aspect, a package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle is provided, including an outer skin having left and right side walls and a front end and a rear end, a base positioned within the outer skin exerting a force against inner surfaces of the left and right side walls of the outer skin; and a handle upwardly extending from the base.
In another aspect, a method of constructing a package enclosure is provided, comprising the steps of (i) providing an outer skin with right and left side walls, front and rear end walls, a base, and a handle, wherein the base comprises first and second base sections secured to the handle, and the first base section include a first tab extending from a front end of the first base section, and the second base section includes a second tab extending from the second base section; (ii) inserting the first tab into a slot in the front end of the outer skin; (iii) inserting the second tab into a slot in the rear end of the outer skin; and (iv) pushing down on the handle to move the first and second base sections into a horizontal position while drawing in the right and left side walls into contact with the first and second base sections.
In a further aspect, a method of constructing a package enclosure is provided, comprising the steps of: (i) providing an outer skin with right and left side walls, front and rear end walls, a base, and a handle having a transverse section, wherein the base is attached to a bottom of one of the left and right side walls and includes a plurality of tabs extending from a free end thereof; and (ii) moving the base into a horizontal position and extending the tabs into slots of the left or right side wall to which the base is not attached.
In yet another aspect, a package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle is provided, including an outer skin having first and second side walls and a first and second end walls, a base positioned within the outer skin, and a handle upwardly extending between the first and second side walls, wherein the base includes a first base section and a second base section and the handle includes a first handle section and a second handle section, wherein the first handle section is contiguous with a first portion of the first side wall, the first portion of the first side wall is contiguous with the first end wall, the first end wall is contiguous to the second side wall, the second side wall is contiguous with the second end wall, the second end wall is contiguous with a second portion of the first side wall, the second portion of the first side wall is contiguous with a second handle section, and the second side wall is contiguous with the first and second base sections.
In another aspect, a method of constructing a package enclosure is provided including the steps of: (i) providing an outer skin with first and second side walls, first and second end walls, a base, and a handle, wherein the base includes a first base section and a second base section and the handle includes a first handle section and a second handle section, wherein the first handle section is contiguous with a first portion of the first side wall, the first portion of the first side wall is contiguous with the first end wall, the first end wall is contiguous to the second side wall, the second side wall is contiguous with the second end wall, the second end wall is contiguous with a second portion of the first side wall, the second portion of the first side wall is contiguous with a second handle section, and the second side wall is contiguous with the first and second base sections; (ii) folding the first base section over the second base section; (iii) folding a first handle extension over the first handle section; (iv) folding a second handle extension over the second handle section; (v) folding the first handle section over itself; (vi) folding the second handle section over itself; (vii) folding the first end wall over itself; (viii) folding the second end wall over itself; and (ix) separating the first and second portions of the first side wall from the second side wall until the first and second handle sections are unfolded and in abutting contact with each other.
These as well as other aspects, advantages, and alternatives, will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art by reading the following detailed description, with reference where appropriate to the accompanying drawings. Further, it should be understood that the description provided in this summary section and elsewhere in this document is intended to illustrate the claimed subject matter by way of example and not by way of limitation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A, 1B, 2, 3A, and 3B are simplified illustrations of unmanned aerial vehicles, according to example embodiments.
FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a network of unmanned aerial vehicles, according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a simplified block diagram illustrating components of an unmanned aerial vehicle, according to an example embodiment.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show a UAV that includes a package enclosure 650 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a top view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIG. 7 .
FIG. 9 is a perspective bottom view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 .
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-9 prior to construction.
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-10 at a first stage of construction.
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-11 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 13 is a perspective bottom view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-12 at a third stage of construction.
FIG. 14 a perspective bottom view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-13 at a fourth stage of construction.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-14 with transverse content holder 180 in position within the package enclosure.
FIG. 16 is a bottom perspective view of package enclosure 100 shown in FIGS. 7-15 with a stabilizing footing 190 .
FIG. 17 is a side view of package enclosure 100 â² prior to construction, according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIG. 17 at a first stage of construction.
FIG. 19 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 20 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIGS. 17-20 with an alternate base design at a first stage of construction.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of package enclosure 100 â² shown in FIG. 20 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 22 is a top perspective view of package enclosure 200 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 23 is a top view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIG. 22 .
FIG. 24 is a perspective view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 prior to construction.
FIG. 25 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIGS. 22 - 24 in a first stage of construction.
FIG. 26 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIGS. 22-25 at a second stage of construction.
FIG. 27 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIGS. 22-26 at a third stage of construction.
FIG. 28 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 200 shown in FIGS. 22-27 at a fourth stage of construction.
FIG. 29 is a perspective top view of package enclosure 300 , according to an example embodiment.
FIG. 30 is a top view of package enclosure 300 shown in FIG. 29 in an unconstructed state with the components lying flat.
FIG. 31 is a top view showing a step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29 and 30 .
FIG. 32 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-31 .
FIG. 33 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-32 .
FIG. 34 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-33 .
FIG. 35 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-34 .
FIG. 36 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-35 .
FIG. 37 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-36 .
FIG. 38 is a partial bottom view of package enclosure 300 following a number of construction steps.
FIG. 39 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-38 .
FIG. 40 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-39 .
FIG. 41 is a top view showing another step in the construction of the package enclosure 300 shown in FIGS. 29-40 .
FIG. 42 is a top perspective view showing package enclosure 300 prior to closing lid sections
390 and 391 .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following detailed description describes various features and functions of the disclosure with reference to the accompanying Figures. In the Figures, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative systems described herein are not meant to be limiting. It will be readily understood that certain aspects of the disclosure can be arranged and combined in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are contemplated herein.
I. Overview
Example embodiments take the form of or relate to a graphical user interface (GUI) for a UAV transport application, and/or to the service-provider systems that interface with such a transport-service application and coordinate deliveries of items requested via such an application. In an example embodiment, the user-facing application (also referred to as a client-device application) may provide access to UAV food transport service via an application running on a user's device; e.g., via an application running on a mobile phone, wearable device, tablet, or personal computer. However, the examples described herein may apply equally to UAV delivery of other types of items. Further, the UAV delivery service may employ UAVs that carry items from a source location (e.g., a restaurant or store) to a target location indicated by the user. The UAVs may be configured to lower items to the ground at the delivery location via a tether attached to the package containing the items.
An example GUI may include features and functions to enhance the delivery experience for the user once an order is placed, by tracking the delivery process and providing updates and functionality corresponding to different phases of the process. In particular, the GUI may provide real-time updates corresponding to two distinct phases of the delivery process (and perhaps sub-phases thereof), and interactive features corresponding to these phases. Further, a backend support system may periodically or continuously update time of arrival estimates for an order, and provide frequent or real-time updates via the GUI. Advantageously, a service-provider system may take advantage of various factors, many of which are unique to autonomous UAV delivery, to provide highly accurate time of arrival estimates (e.g., +/â1 minute). As such, the UAV delivery application may provide an improved user experience, as compared to typical (e.g., car or bicycle) food delivery services.
In operation the package enclosure to be delivered is secured to the UAV and the UAV is then flown to the desired delivery site. The package enclosure may be secured beneath the UAV, or even positioned partially within the UAV, as the UAV flies to the delivery site. Once the UAV arrives at the delivery site, the UAV is operated in a hover mode and the package enclosure is lowered from the UAV towards the delivery site. During the flight to the delivery site, the package enclosure should be secured beneath the UAV. During the flight to the delivery site, the UAV transports the package enclosure outside of the fuselage which keeps the airframe of the UAV smaller and more economical compared to the size of the UAV required if the package enclosure were positioned within the UAV, and reduces drag of the UAV for the return flight after delivery. When a package enclosure is carried outside of the aircraft or UAV, there are a series of packaging challenges that need to be addressed. The package enclosure creates aerodynamic drag on the system. The outer mold line of the package enclosure needs to be carefully formed to minimize its aerodynamic impact. A traditional rectangular box creates an undesirable amount of drag.
The package enclosure also requires a firm attachment point to the aircraft or UAV. A package enclosure mounted to the exterior of an aircraft affects the flight dynamics of the system and needs to be rigidly mounted so that it does not shift in flight and create undesirable flight characteristics. In addition, the package contents need to be held in place inside the package enclosure. Shifting contents will affect the aircraft's balance which will affect its flight dynamics.
It is desirable that the package enclosure is lightweight, sturdy, weather resistant, and have minimal aerodynamic drag. It is also desirable to construct a package enclosure that uses a minimum amount of materials to construct, to reduce undesirable weight from the package enclosure. Furthermore, it is desirable to construct a package enclosure that can be constructed from materials that lay flat prior to construction. This allows for the transportation of a large number of unconstructed package enclosures in a limited space, as the construction materials lay flat prior to construction, and also provides for improved merchant storage and end user disposal.
The present application provides a package enclosure that allows the aircraft/package system to have an optimal exterior form for aerodynamic efficiency (which reduces energy needed to power the aircraft) while simultaneously allowing the packaging to be lightweight, and extremely minimal for both merchant storage and end user disposal.
The new package enclosure is basically designed like a wing with one or more ribs and an outer skin. The inner ribs put tension on the outer skin, creating a very stiff and lightweight structure. The oval shape of the package reduces drag and unused volume (especially when loaded with drinking cups). The embodiments are optimized for aerodynamics and may have a coefficient of drag of 0.35 or less, and in some cases 0.28 or less, far superior to âboxyâ package enclosure designs. The upper surface of the package enclosure may be designed to conform to a lower surface of a UAV to provide a smooth aerodynamic profile. The package enclosure is optimized for aerodynamics while being 0/180 degree symmetric. The embodiments may make use of an âover centerâ kinematic to apply tension to the outer skin. The package enclosure can be folded completely flat prior to construction, and all of the components click into place very easily. The package enclosure also has a very pleasant appearance and includes a handle for secure attachment to a drone or UAV. The handle is also useful to make the package enclosure available to be used as a handheld carrying bag after delivery.
II. Illustrative Unmanned Vehicles
Herein, the terms âunmanned aerial vehicleâ and âUAVâ refer to any autonomous or semi-autonomous vehicle that is capable of performing some functions without a physically-present human pilot.
A UAV can take various forms. For example, a UAV may take the form of a fixed-wing aircraft, a glider aircraft, a tail-sitter aircraft, a jet aircraft, a ducted fan aircraft, a lighter-than-air dirigible such as a blimp or steerable balloon, a rotorcraft such as a helicopter or multicopter, and/or an ornithopter, among other possibilities. Further, the terms âdrone,â âunmanned aerial vehicle systemâ (UAVS), or âunmanned aerial systemâ (UAS) may also be used to refer to a UAV.
FIG. 1A is a simplified illustration providing various views of a UAV, according to an example embodiment. In particular, FIG. 1A shows an example of a fixed- wing UAV 1100 a , which may also be referred to as an airplane, an aeroplane, a biplane, a glider, or a plane, among other possibilities. The fixed- wing UAV 1100 a , as the name implies, has stationary wings 1102 that generate lift based on the wing shape and the vehicle's forward airspeed. For instance, the two wings 1102 may have an airfoil-shaped cross section to produce an aerodynamic force on the UAV 1100 a.
As depicted, the fixed- wing UAV 1100 a may include a wing body or fuselage 1104 . The wing body 1104 may contain, for example, control electronics such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and/or an electronic speed controller, batteries, other sensors, and/or a payload, among other possibilities. The illustrative UAV 1100 a may also include landing gear (not shown) to assist with controlled take-offs and landings. In other embodiments, other types of UAVs without landing gear are also possible.
The UAV 1100 a further includes propulsion units 1106 positioned on the wings 1106 (or fuselage), which can each include a motor, shaft, and propeller, for propelling the UAV 1100 a . Stabilizers 1108 (or fins) may also be attached to the UAV 1110 a to stabilize the UAV's yaw (turn left or right) during flight. In some embodiments, the UAV 1100 a may be also be configured to function as a glider. To do so, UAV 1100 a may power off its motor, propulsion units, etc., and glide for a period of time. In the UAV 1100 a , a pair of rotor supports 1110 extend beneath the wings 1106 , and a plurality of rotors 1112 are attached rotor supports 1110 . Rotors 1110 may be used during a hover mode wherein the UAV 1110 a is descending to a delivery location, or ascending following a delivery. In the example UAV 1100 a , stabilizers 1108 are shown attached to the rotor supports 1110 .
During flight, the UAV 1100 a may control the direction and/or speed of its movement by controlling its pitch, roll, yaw, and/or altitude. For example, the stabilizers 1108 may include one or more rudders 1108 a for controlling the UAV's yaw, and the wings 1102 may include one or more elevators for controlling the UAV's pitch and/or one or more ailerons 1102 a for controlling the UAV's roll. As another example, increasing or decreasing the speed of all the propellers simultaneously can result in the UAV 1100 a increasing or decreasing its altitude, respectively.
As noted above, some embodiments may involve other types of UAVs, in addition to or in the alternative to fixed-wing UAVs. For instance, FIG. 1B shows an example of a rotorcraft 1100 b that is commonly referred to as a multicopter. Multicopter 1100 b may also be referred to as a quadcopter, as it includes four rotors 1110 . It should be understood that example embodiments may involve rotorcraft with more or fewer rotors than multicopter 1100 b . For example, a helicopter typically has two rotors. Other examples with three or more rotors are possible as well. Herein, the term âmulticopterâ refers to any rotorcraft having more than two rotors, and the term âhelicopterâ refers to rotorcraft having two rotors.
Referring to multicopter 1100 b in greater detail, the four rotors 1110 provide propulsion and maneuverability for the multicopter 1100 b . More specifically, each rotor 1110 includes blades that are attached to a motor 1120 . Configured as such the rotors may allow the multicopter 1100 b to take off and land vertically, to maneuver in any direction, and/or to hover. Furthermore, the pitch of the blades may be adjusted as a group and/or differentially, and may allow the multicopter 1100 b to control its pitch, roll, yaw, and/or altitude.
Multicopter 1100 b also includes a central enclosure 1130 with a hinged lid 1135 . The central enclosure may contain, e.g., control electronics such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and/or an electronic speed controller, batteries, other sensors, and/or a payload, among other possibilities.
The illustrative multicopter 1100 b also includes landing gear 1140 to assist with controlled take-offs and landings. In other embodiments, multicopters and other types of UAVs without landing gear are also possible.
In a further aspect, multicopter 1100 b includes rotor protectors 1150 . Such rotor protectors 1150 can serve multiple purposes, such as protecting the rotors 1110 from damage if the multicopter 1100 strays too close to an object, protecting the multicopter 1100 b structure from damage, and protecting nearby objects from being damaged by the rotors 1110 . It should be understood that in other embodiments, multicopters and other types of UAVs without rotor protectors are also possible. Further, rotor protectors of different shapes, sizes, and function are possible, without departing from the scope of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a simplified illustration of a UAV, according to an example embodiment. In particular, FIG. 2 shows an example of a tail- sitter UAV 1200 . In the illustrated example, the tail- sitter UAV 1200 has fixed wings 1202 to provide lift and allow the UAV to glide horizontally (e.g., along the x-axis, in a position that is approximately perpendicular to the position shown in FIG. 2 ). However, the fixed wings 1202 also allow the tail- sitter UAV 1200 to take off and land vertically on its own.
For example, at a launch site, tail- sitter UAV 1200 may be positioned vertically (as shown) with fins 1204 and/or wings 1202 resting on the ground and stabilizing the UAV in the vertical position. The tail- sitter UAV 1200 may then take off by operating propellers 1206 to generate the upward thrust (e.g., a thrust that is generally along the y-axis). Once at a suitable altitude, the tail- sitter UAV 1200 may use its flaps 1208 to reorient itself in a horizontal position, such that the fuselage 1210 is closer to being aligned with the x-axis than the y-axis. Positioned horizontally, the propellers 1206 may provide forward thrust so that the tail- sitter UAV 1200 can fly in a similar manner as a typical airplane.
Many variations on the illustrated fixed-wing UAVs are possible. For instance, fixed-wing UAVs may include more or fewer propellers, and/or that utilize a ducted fan or multiple ducted fans. Further, UAVs with more wings (e.g., an âx-wingâ configuration with four wings), with fewer wings, or even with no wings, are also possible.
FIG. 3A shows another example of a fixed- wing UAV 1300 . The fixed- wing UAV 1300 includes a fuselage 1304 , two wings 1302 with an airfoil-shaped cross section to provide lift for the UAV 1300 , a vertical stabilizer 1306 (or fin) to stabilize the plane's yaw (turn left or right), a horizontal stabilizer 1308 (also referred to as an elevator or tailplane) to stabilize pitch (tilt up or down), landing gear 1310 , and a propulsion unit 1312 , which can include a motor, shaft, and propeller.
FIG. 3B shows an example of UAV 1350 with a propeller in a pusher configuration. The term âpusherâ refers to the fact that the propulsion unit 1358 is mounted at the back of the aircraft and âpushesâ the vehicle forward, in contrast to the propulsion unit being mounted at the front of the UAV. Similar to the description provided for FIGS. 1A and 3A , FIG. 3B depicts common structures used in the pusher plane: a fuselage 1352 , two horizontal wings 1354 , vertical stabilizers 1356 , and a propulsion unit 1358 , which can include a motor, shaft, and propeller.
It should be understood that references herein to an âunmannedâ aerial vehicle or UAV can apply equally to autonomous and semi-autonomous aerial vehicles. In an autonomous implementation, all functionality of the aerial vehicle is automated; e.g., pre-programmed or controlled via real-time computer functionality that responds to input from various sensors and/or pre-determined information. In a semi-autonomous implementation, some functions of an aerial vehicle may be controlled by a human operator, while other functions are carried out autonomously. Further, in some embodiments, a UAV may be configured to allow a remote operator to take over functions that can otherwise be controlled autonomously by the UAV. Yet further, a given type of function may be controlled remotely at one level of abstraction and performed autonomously at another level of abstraction. For example, a remote operator could control high level navigation decisions for a UAV, such as by specifying that the UAV should travel from one location to another (e.g., from a warehouse in a suburban area to a delivery address in a nearby city), while the UAV's navigation system autonomously controls more fine-grained navigation decisions, such as the specific route to take between the two locations, specific flight controls to achieve the route and avoid obstacles while navigating the route, and so on.
More generally, it should be understood that the example UAVs described herein are not intended to be limiting. Example embodiments may relate to, be implemented within, or take the form of any type of unmanned aerial vehicle.
III. Illustrative Uav Deployment Systems
UAV systems may be implemented in order to provide various UAV-related services. In particular, UAVs may be provided at a number of different launch sites, which may be in communication with regional and/or central control systems. Such a distributed UAV system may allow UAVs to be quickly deployed to provide services across a large geographic area (e.g., that is much larger than the flight range of any single UAV). For example, UAVs capable of carrying payloads may be distributed at a number of launch sites across a large geographic area (possibly even throughout an entire country, or even worldwide), in order to provide on-demand transport of various items to locations throughout the geographic area. FIG. 4 is a simplified block diagram illustrating a distributed UAV system 400 , according to an example embodiment.
In the illustrative UAV system 400 , an access system 402 may allow for interaction with, control of, and/or utilization of a network of UAVs 404 . In some embodiments, an access system 402 may be a computing system that allows for human-controlled dispatch of UAVs 404 . As such, the control system may include or otherwise provide a user interface (UI) via which a user can access and/or control UAVs 404 .
In some embodiments, dispatch of UAVs 404 may additionally or alternatively be accomplished via one or more automated processes. For instance, the access system 402 may dispatch one of the UAVs 404 to transport a payload to a target location, and the UAV may autonomously navigate to the target location by utilizing various on-board sensors, such as a GPS receiver and/or various navigational sensors. As a specific example, an operator may use an access system 402 to dispatch a UAV 404 to a target location. The UAV 404 may then autonomously navigate to the general area of the target location. At this point, the operator may use the access system 402 to take over control of the UAV 404 and navigate the UAV
CLAIMS
Claims ( 26 )
What is claimed is:
1. A package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle comprising:
an outer skin having left and right side walls and a front end and a rear end;
a base positioned within the outer skin, the base having a front section attached to the front end of the outer skin and a rear section attached to the rear end of the outer skin; and
a handle upwardly extending from the front section of the base and from the rear section of the base;
wherein prior to construction of the package enclosure, the front end and rear end of the outer skin lie flat, and an inner surface of the front end faces an inner surface of the rear end with at least a portion of the handle positioned between the front end and the rear end of the outer skin, and the front section of the base lies flat against the rear section of the base; and
wherein downward movement of the handle causes the front and rear sections of the base move into a horizontal position while drawing in the right and left side walls into contact with the front and rear sections of the base.
2. The package enclosure of claim 1 , wherein the base exerts a force against the inner surfaces of the front and rear ends of the outer skin.
3. The package enclosure of claim 1 , further including a content holder positioned above the base with the handle extending therethrough.
4. The package enclosure of claim 3 , wherein the content holder exerts a force against inner surfaces of the left and right side walls, and also exerts a force against the inner surfaces of the front and rear ends of the outer skin.
5. The package enclosure of claim 3 , wherein the content holder includes cutouts adapted for holding contents within the outer skin.
6. The package enclosure of claim 3 , wherein outwardly extending tabs are positioned on the content holder that extend through slots positioned within the right and left side walls of the outer skin.
7. The package enclosure of claim 6 , wherein outwardly extending tabs are positioned on the content holder that extend through slots positioned within the front and rear ends of the outer skin.
8. The package enclosure of claim 1 , wherein the right and left side walls of the outer skin slope upwardly and outwardly from the base; and
wherein the front and rear ends of the outer skin slope upwardly and outwardly from the base.
9. The package enclosure of claim 8 , wherein the outer skin has an aerodynamic shape having a coefficient of drag of 0.35 or less.
10. The package enclosure of claim 1 , further including a lower base section attached to a bottom of the right and left side walls, wherein outwardly extending tabs are positioned on the lower base section that extend through slots positioned within the right and left side walls of the outer skin.
11. The package enclosure of claim 1 , wherein a stabilizing footing extends outwardly from a bottom of the outer skin beyond the left and right side walls of the outer skin.
12. The package enclosure of claim 1 , further including:
a first extension extending inwardly from a top of the left side wall and a second extension extending inwardly from a top of the right side wall;
a first tab upwardly extending from an upper surface on a first side of the handle and a second tab upwardly extending from an upper surface on a second side of the handle;
wherein the first tab extends through a slot on the first extension; and
wherein the second tab extends through a slot on the second extension.
13. The package enclosure of claim 1 , further including:
a first section downwardly extending from a bottom of the left side wall of the outer skin;
a second section downwardly extending from the bottom of the left side wall of the outer skin;
a first section downwardly extending from a bottom of the right side wall of the outer skin;
a second section downwardly extending from the bottom of the right side wall of the outer skin;
wherein the first section extending from the bottom of the left side wall of the outer skin has a tab that extends through a first slot positioned in the left side wall;
wherein the first section extending from the bottom of the right side wall of the outer skin has a tab that extends through the first slot positioned in the right side wall;
wherein the second section extending from the bottom of the left side wall of the outer skin has a tab that extends through a second slot positioned in the left side wall;
wherein the second section extending from the bottom of the right side wall of the outer skin has a tab that extends through the second slot positioned in the right side wall; and
wherein the base is sandwiched between portions of the first and second sections extending from the left side wall, and the base is also sandwiched between portions of the first and second sections extending from the right side wall.
14. The package enclosure of claim 1 , wherein a front end of the base is integrally attached to the front end of the outer skin, and a rear end of the base is integrally attached to the rear end of the outer skin.
15. A package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle comprising:
an outer skin having left and right side walls and a front end and a rear end;
a base positioned within the outer skin exerting a force against inner surfaces of the left and right side walls of the outer skin; and
a handle upwardly extending from the base;
wherein outwardly extending tabs are positioned on the base that extend through slots positioned within the front and rear ends of the outer skin.
16. A method of constructing a package enclosure comprising the steps of:
providing an outer skin with right and left side walls, front and rear end walls, a base, and a handle, wherein the base comprises first and second base sections secured to the handle, and the first base section include a first tab extending from a front end of the first base section, and the second base section includes a second tab extending from the second base section;
inserting the first tab into a slot in the front end wall of the outer skin;
inserting the second tab into a slot in the rear end wall of the outer skin; and
pushing down on the handle to move the first and second base sections into a horizontal position while drawing in the right and left side walls into contact with the first and second base sections.
17. The method of claim 16 further including the step of inserting a content holder within the outer skin and extending the handle through a slot in the content holder.
18. A method of constructing a package enclosure comprising the steps of:
providing a package enclosure comprising:
an outer skin having left and right side walls and a front end and a rear end;
a base positioned within the outer skin, the base having a front section attached to the front end of the outer skin and a rear section attached to the rear end of the outer skin; and
a handle upwardly extending from the front section of the base and from the rear section of the base;
wherein prior to construction of the package enclosure, the front end and rear end of the outer skin lie flat, and an inner surface of the front end faces an inner surface of the rear end with at least a portion of the handle positioned between the front end and the rear end of the outer skin, and the front section of the base lies flat against the rear section of the base; and
wherein downward movement of the handle causes the front and rear sections of the base move into a horizontal position while drawing in the right and left side walls into contact with the front and rear sections of the base; and
moving the handle to cause the front and rear sections of the base to move into a horizontal position while drawing in the right and left side walls into contact with the front and rear sections of the base.
19. The method of claim 18 further including the steps of:
positioning a first tab of the handle into a slot in a first inward extension on the right side wall; and
positioning a second tab of the handle into a slot in a second inward extension on the left side wall.
20. A package enclosure for use on an aerial vehicle comprising:
an outer skin having first and second side walls and a first and second end walls;
a base positioned within the outer skin; and
a handle upwardly extending between the first and second side walls;
wherein the base includes a first base section and a second base section and the handle includes a first handle section and a second handle section, wherein the first handle section is contiguous with a first portion of the first side wall, the first portion of the first side wall is contiguous with the first end wall, the first end wall is contiguous to the second side wall, the second side wall is contiguous with the second end wall, the second end wall is contiguous with a second portion of the first side wall, the second portion of the first side wall is contiguous with a second handle section, and the second side wall is contiguous with the first and second base sections and
wherein a stabilizing footing extends outwardly beyond the first and second side walls of the outer skin, and the stabilizing footing is integrally attached to the base.
21. The package enclosure of claim 20 , further including first and second top sections extending from, and integrally attached to the first side wall with a slot extending between the first and second top sections.
22. The package enclosure of claim 21 , wherein the handle extends through the slot positioned between the first and second top sections.
23. The package enclosure of claim 20 , wherein prior to construction of the package enclosure, the left and right side walls lie flat and inner surfaces of the left and right side walls are not in contact with each other.
24. A method of constructing a package enclosure comprising the steps of:
providing package enclosure comprising:
an outer skin having first and second side walls and a first and second end walls;
a base positioned within the outer skin; and
a handle upwardly extending between the first and second side walls;
wherein the base includes a first base section and a second base section and the handle includes a first handle section and a second handle section, wherein the first handle section is contiguous with a first portion of the first side wall, the first portion of the first side wall is contiguous with the first end wall, the first end wall is contiguous to the second side wall, the second side wall is contiguous with the second end wall, the second end wall is contiguous with a second portion of the first side wall, the second portion of the first side wall is contiguous with a second handle section, and the second side wall is contiguous with the first and second base sections; and
wherein a stabilizing footing extends outwardly beyond the first and second side walls of the outer skin, and the stabilizing footing is integrally attached to the base;
folding the first base section over the second base section;
folding a first handle extension over the first handle section;
folding a second handle extension over the second handle section;
folding the first handle section over itself;
folding the second handle section over itself;
folding the first end wall over itself;
folding the second end wall over itself; and
separating the first and second portions of the first side wall from the second side wall until the first and second handle sections are unfolded and in abutting contact with each other.
25. The method of claim 24 wherein a first top section is secured to the second side wall and a second top section is secured to the second side wall, and further including the steps of moving the first and second top sections into a horizontal position and securing the first top section to the first portion of the first side wall and securing the second top section to the second portion of the first side wall.
26. The method of claim 24 wherein the stabilizing footing comprises a first stabilizing footing contiguous with the first base section and a second stabilizing footing contiguous with second base section.
US15/241,721
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Package for drone delivery
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Package for drone delivery
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