ABSTRACT
Abstract
A system for monitoring biosignals of a user includes a first end region, positionable proximate a first ear of a user and including a first sensor array; a second end region, positionable proximate a second ear of the user and including a second sensor array; an intermediate region, positionable on a neck region of the user; a coupling element configured to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region; and a first attachment element and a second attachment element. The first attachment element couples the first end region to a head-mounted accessory and the second attachment element couples the second end region to the head-mounted accessory. The first end region includes a first electrode and the second end region includes a second electrode, such that there is a fixed distance between the first and second electrodes.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This patent application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/195,060, filed on Jul. 21, 2015, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates generally to the digital health field, and more specifically to new and useful systems and methods for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
BACKGROUND
Hospital readmissions are expensive and negatively impact patients and hospitals. According to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, in 2011, Medicare paid for 58% of readmissions related to the four most common health conditions, followed by private insurance (20%) and Medicaid (18%) (Fingar, K. and Washington, R. 2015. âTrends in Hospital Readmissions for Four High-Volume Conditions, 2009-2013.â). Thirty-seven percent of the total Medicare budget is spent on hospital readmissions. In 2013, there were about 500,000 readmissions totaling $7 billion in aggregate hospital costs for the following conditions: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. Further, repeated hospitalizations or readmissions increase stress and complications such as hospital acquired infections.
Patient populations experiencing significant hospital readmission include the elderly population and those in lower socioeconomic groups. These and other demographics are less inclined to adopt wearable health-monitoring technologies due to several factors including: inconvenience, relevance, consistency in sensor placement, and discomfort.
Currently available systems for monitoring patient wellbeing post-hospitalization include wearable devices for monitoring respiration, heart-related parameters (e.g., heart rate), and/or patient input parameters (e.g., weight, general feeling, patient-reported symptoms, etc.). These devices are cumbersome, intrusive (e.g., in a patient's nose, around the chest, etc.), uncomfortable, difficult to position in the same location during each measurement period, and/or limited in their ability to measure a patient's wellbeing. Further, currently available systems require the user to purchase a new accessory that is compatible with the system and/or to wear an accessory comprising the system that the user does not typically wear.
In accordance with these and other deficiencies of current devices and technologies, there is a need for new and useful systems and methods for detecting and analyzing biosignals that can be readily adopted by a wide variety of demographics, including demographics less inclined to adopt biosignal sensing technology. Further, there is a need for new, useful, and inexpensive systems and methods that promote and improve general health and wellbeing to reduce healthcare costs. This disclosure provides such new and useful systems and methods for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
SUMMARY
There is a need for new and useful systems and methods for health monitoring. In particular, there is a need for systems and methods that enable sensor measurements to be taken reliably over time to determine a health condition of a user. The present disclosure provides such embodiments for biosignal measurement and monitoring.
One aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for monitoring biosignals of a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first end region, positionable proximate a first ear of a user and including a first sensor array; a second end region, positionable proximate a second ear of the user and including a second sensor array; an intermediate region, positionable on a neck region of the user, a coupling element configured to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region; and a first attachment element and a second attachment element, wherein the first attachment element couples the first end region to a head-mounted accessory and the second attachment element couples the second end region to the head-mounted accessory.
In some embodiments, each attachment element comprises a sleeve defining an aperture configured to slidably receive a temple or temple end of the head-mounted accessory. In some embodiments, a diameter of the aperture defined by the sleeve is adjustable.
In some embodiments, the coupling element electrically and physically couples the first and second end regions to the intermediate region.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a first electrode positioned on or embedded within the first end region and a second electrode positioned on or embedded within the second end region. In some such embodiments, there is a fixed distance between the first and second electrodes. In some embodiments, the fixed distance is a linear distance between two ears of the user that measures less than one foot.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are configured to cooperatively detect an impedance of an applied current along a distance separating the first and second sensor arrays, thereby providing a measurement of ionic fluid content within the user.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a head-mounted accessory. In some such embodiments, the head-mounted accessory is one of: eyeglasses, sunglasses, goggles, and bifocals. In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are integrated into the head-mounted accessory.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a processor and a computer-readable medium having non-transitory, processor-executable instructions stored thereon. In some embodiments, the processor is integrated into one of: the first end region, the second end region, and the intermediate region. Further, in some embodiments, execution of the instructions on the computer-readable medium causes the processor to perform a method including: acquiring a first biosignal from a first body region of the user using the first sensor array, acquiring a second biosignal from a second body region of the user using the second sensor array, extracting a first feature from the first biosignal and a second feature from the second biosignal, and analyzing the first and second features to determine a health condition of the user.
In some embodiments, the method performed by the processor further includes: monitoring the health condition of the user over time using one or more of the first and second sensor arrays; and identifying a change in the health condition over time.
In some embodiments, the method performed by the processor further includes: transmitting, using an antenna, one or more of the first and second features to a healthcare provider.
In some embodiments, the first and second biosignals include one or more of: bioimpedance signals, temperature signals, pulse oximetry signals, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography signals, galvanic skin response, magnetoencephalography impedance signals, acoustic signals, respiration signals, positional signals, and caloric intake signals.
In some embodiments, the first and second features include one or more of: a blood volume, a blood pressure, a skin water content, cardiac output, an average temperature, an instantaneous temperature, an oxygen saturation level, a heart rate, a heart rate variability, a heart electrical activity, a brain electrical activity, a muscle electrical activity, a stress level, a neuronal activity level, a depth of breadth, a respiration rate, thoracic variations, inspiratory flow characteristics, expiratory flow characteristics, vocal sounds, a location of the user, and a calorie intake amount.
In some embodiments, the first body region is contralateral the first sensor array and the second body region is contralateral the second sensor array. In some embodiments, the first body region is ipsilateral the first sensor array and the second body region is ipsilateral the second sensor array. In some embodiments, the first body region is the same as the second body region.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for monitoring biometric signals from the head region of a user that can be coupled to eyewear with first and second legs, with the eyewear to be worn by a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first end region including a first sensor array and a first housing that couples to the first leg, and a second end region including a second sensor array and a second housing that couples to the second leg. In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are each held substantially in place on either side of the head of the user, spatially separated by a linear distance that measures less than one foot. In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are each configured to detect a biometric signal at their respective sensor-user interfaces proximal to where the pinnae and the temporal bones of the user meet. In some embodiments, the system further includes an intermediate region configured to communicate with and process signals detected by the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, each sensor array includes a single electrode enclosed within the respective housings, configured to deliver and measure characteristics of electrical signals.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are configured to cooperatively detect the impedance of an applied current along the distance separating the two sensor arrays through the tissue, and thereby providing a measurement of ionic fluid content within the user.
In some embodiments, the first and second housings include material that surrounds the legs to permit coupling of the first and second end regions to the first and second legs, respectively.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a coupling element to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region. In some such embodiments, the coupling element is a lanyard. In some embodiments, the body of the coupling element includes supplementary sensor arrays configured to sense additional biometric signals.
In some embodiments, the first and second housings include an adhesive to permit coupling of the first and second end regions to the first and second legs.
In some embodiments, the system further includes: a first wireless signal transmitter enclosed within the first end region; a second wireless signal transmitter enclosed within the second end region; and a wireless signal receiver integrated with the intermediate region.
In some embodiments, the first and second end regions are positioned where each of the legs contacts the skin on the tops of each of the pinnae where the pinnae make contact with the head, such that the electrodes make direct contact with the skin.
In some embodiments, the first and second end regions are positioned where the medial side of each of the legs faces the skin, posterior to where each of the pinnae make contact with the head, such that the electrodes make direct contact with the skin.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for measuring a set of biosignals of a user wearing headwear where a pressure is generated between the user and the headwear. In some embodiments, the system includes: a housing coupled to the user's headwear and configured to enclose system components and receive an amount of the pressure that is generated between the user and the user's headwear; a first sensor array that is substantially sustained by the housing in a stationary position proximate to the user's skin surface; a second sensor array that is substantially sustained by the housing in a stationary position proximate to the user's skins surface. In some embodiments, the second sensor array and the first sensor array are separated by a substantially similar distances across measurements of the set of biosignals of the user.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a physiological monitoring apparatus that can be coupled to a pair of eyewear having a first leg and a second leg and worn over the cars of a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first and second sensor array configured to send electrical signals between the ears of the user and sense electrophysiological signals from the skin tissue substantially adjacent to the ears of the user; a first housing configured to fasten to the first leg of the eyewear and to position the first sensor array to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to one ear of the user; a second housing configured to fasten to the second leg of the eyewear and to position the second sensor array to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to the other ear of the user; and an intermediate region in communication with the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays include bioimpedance sensors configured to monitor the body fluid status of the user.
In some embodiments, the electrical signals are generated continuously and the electrophysiological signals are acquired continuously.
In some embodiments, the first housing and the second housing are made of electrically insulating materials.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes an analog-to-digital converter for receiving and digitizing the electrophysiological signals acquired by the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region further includes a processor configured to perform an analysis and translation of the digitized electrophysiological signals into a physiological measurement data.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes a transmission module configured to perform signal transmission.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes a power module configured to supply power to the apparatus.
In some embodiments, the system further includes an external device. In some such embodiments, the external device is in communication with the intermediate region through the transmission module. Further, in some such embodiments, the external device is a mobile phone.
In some embodiments, the system further includes an environmental sensor supported by one of the first housing and the second housing and configured to detect the environment conditions in the vicinity of the user.
In some embodiments, the first sensor array is positioned to stay in contact with the skin tissue on top of a first ear of the user and the second sensor array is positioned to stay in contact with the skin tissue around the posterior area of a second ear of the user.
In some embodiments, the first housing includes a first attachment element adapted to secure the first housing to the first leg of the eyewear and the second housing includes a second attachment element adapted to secure the second housing to the second leg of the eyewear.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a coupling element. In some such embodiments, the coupling element includes a strap adapted to connect the first housing and the second housing. Further, in some such embodiments, the length of the strap is adjustable.
<div id="p-0045" num="0044" class="description-paragraph"
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This patent application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 62/195,060, filed on Jul. 21, 2015, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety, as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates generally to the digital health field, and more specifically to new and useful systems and methods for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
BACKGROUND
Hospital readmissions are expensive and negatively impact patients and hospitals. According to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, in 2011, Medicare paid for 58% of readmissions related to the four most common health conditions, followed by private insurance (20%) and Medicaid (18%) (Fingar, K. and Washington, R. 2015. âTrends in Hospital Readmissions for Four High-Volume Conditions, 2009-2013.â). Thirty-seven percent of the total Medicare budget is spent on hospital readmissions. In 2013, there were about 500,000 readmissions totaling $7 billion in aggregate hospital costs for the following conditions: acute myocardial infarction (AMI), congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. Further, repeated hospitalizations or readmissions increase stress and complications such as hospital acquired infections.
Patient populations experiencing significant hospital readmission include the elderly population and those in lower socioeconomic groups. These and other demographics are less inclined to adopt wearable health-monitoring technologies due to several factors including: inconvenience, relevance, consistency in sensor placement, and discomfort.
Currently available systems for monitoring patient wellbeing post-hospitalization include wearable devices for monitoring respiration, heart-related parameters (e.g., heart rate), and/or patient input parameters (e.g., weight, general feeling, patient-reported symptoms, etc.). These devices are cumbersome, intrusive (e.g., in a patient's nose, around the chest, etc.), uncomfortable, difficult to position in the same location during each measurement period, and/or limited in their ability to measure a patient's wellbeing. Further, currently available systems require the user to purchase a new accessory that is compatible with the system and/or to wear an accessory comprising the system that the user does not typically wear.
In accordance with these and other deficiencies of current devices and technologies, there is a need for new and useful systems and methods for detecting and analyzing biosignals that can be readily adopted by a wide variety of demographics, including demographics less inclined to adopt biosignal sensing technology. Further, there is a need for new, useful, and inexpensive systems and methods that promote and improve general health and wellbeing to reduce healthcare costs. This disclosure provides such new and useful systems and methods for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
SUMMARY
There is a need for new and useful systems and methods for health monitoring. In particular, there is a need for systems and methods that enable sensor measurements to be taken reliably over time to determine a health condition of a user. The present disclosure provides such embodiments for biosignal measurement and monitoring.
One aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for monitoring biosignals of a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first end region, positionable proximate a first ear of a user and including a first sensor array; a second end region, positionable proximate a second ear of the user and including a second sensor array; an intermediate region, positionable on a neck region of the user, a coupling element configured to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region; and a first attachment element and a second attachment element, wherein the first attachment element couples the first end region to a head-mounted accessory and the second attachment element couples the second end region to the head-mounted accessory.
In some embodiments, each attachment element comprises a sleeve defining an aperture configured to slidably receive a temple or temple end of the head-mounted accessory. In some embodiments, a diameter of the aperture defined by the sleeve is adjustable.
In some embodiments, the coupling element electrically and physically couples the first and second end regions to the intermediate region.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a first electrode positioned on or embedded within the first end region and a second electrode positioned on or embedded within the second end region. In some such embodiments, there is a fixed distance between the first and second electrodes. In some embodiments, the fixed distance is a linear distance between two ears of the user that measures less than one foot.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are configured to cooperatively detect an impedance of an applied current along a distance separating the first and second sensor arrays, thereby providing a measurement of ionic fluid content within the user.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a head-mounted accessory. In some such embodiments, the head-mounted accessory is one of: eyeglasses, sunglasses, goggles, and bifocals. In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are integrated into the head-mounted accessory.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a processor and a computer-readable medium having non-transitory, processor-executable instructions stored thereon. In some embodiments, the processor is integrated into one of: the first end region, the second end region, and the intermediate region. Further, in some embodiments, execution of the instructions on the computer-readable medium causes the processor to perform a method including: acquiring a first biosignal from a first body region of the user using the first sensor array, acquiring a second biosignal from a second body region of the user using the second sensor array, extracting a first feature from the first biosignal and a second feature from the second biosignal, and analyzing the first and second features to determine a health condition of the user.
In some embodiments, the method performed by the processor further includes: monitoring the health condition of the user over time using one or more of the first and second sensor arrays; and identifying a change in the health condition over time.
In some embodiments, the method performed by the processor further includes: transmitting, using an antenna, one or more of the first and second features to a healthcare provider.
In some embodiments, the first and second biosignals include one or more of: bioimpedance signals, temperature signals, pulse oximetry signals, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography signals, galvanic skin response, magnetoencephalography impedance signals, acoustic signals, respiration signals, positional signals, and caloric intake signals.
In some embodiments, the first and second features include one or more of: a blood volume, a blood pressure, a skin water content, cardiac output, an average temperature, an instantaneous temperature, an oxygen saturation level, a heart rate, a heart rate variability, a heart electrical activity, a brain electrical activity, a muscle electrical activity, a stress level, a neuronal activity level, a depth of breadth, a respiration rate, thoracic variations, inspiratory flow characteristics, expiratory flow characteristics, vocal sounds, a location of the user, and a calorie intake amount.
In some embodiments, the first body region is contralateral the first sensor array and the second body region is contralateral the second sensor array. In some embodiments, the first body region is ipsilateral the first sensor array and the second body region is ipsilateral the second sensor array. In some embodiments, the first body region is the same as the second body region.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for monitoring biometric signals from the head region of a user that can be coupled to eyewear with first and second legs, with the eyewear to be worn by a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first end region including a first sensor array and a first housing that couples to the first leg, and a second end region including a second sensor array and a second housing that couples to the second leg. In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are each held substantially in place on either side of the head of the user, spatially separated by a linear distance that measures less than one foot. In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are each configured to detect a biometric signal at their respective sensor-user interfaces proximal to where the pinnae and the temporal bones of the user meet. In some embodiments, the system further includes an intermediate region configured to communicate with and process signals detected by the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, each sensor array includes a single electrode enclosed within the respective housings, configured to deliver and measure characteristics of electrical signals.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays are configured to cooperatively detect the impedance of an applied current along the distance separating the two sensor arrays through the tissue, and thereby providing a measurement of ionic fluid content within the user.
In some embodiments, the first and second housings include material that surrounds the legs to permit coupling of the first and second end regions to the first and second legs, respectively.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a coupling element to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region. In some such embodiments, the coupling element is a lanyard. In some embodiments, the body of the coupling element includes supplementary sensor arrays configured to sense additional biometric signals.
In some embodiments, the first and second housings include an adhesive to permit coupling of the first and second end regions to the first and second legs.
In some embodiments, the system further includes: a first wireless signal transmitter enclosed within the first end region; a second wireless signal transmitter enclosed within the second end region; and a wireless signal receiver integrated with the intermediate region.
In some embodiments, the first and second end regions are positioned where each of the legs contacts the skin on the tops of each of the pinnae where the pinnae make contact with the head, such that the electrodes make direct contact with the skin.
In some embodiments, the first and second end regions are positioned where the medial side of each of the legs faces the skin, posterior to where each of the pinnae make contact with the head, such that the electrodes make direct contact with the skin.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for measuring a set of biosignals of a user wearing headwear where a pressure is generated between the user and the headwear. In some embodiments, the system includes: a housing coupled to the user's headwear and configured to enclose system components and receive an amount of the pressure that is generated between the user and the user's headwear; a first sensor array that is substantially sustained by the housing in a stationary position proximate to the user's skin surface; a second sensor array that is substantially sustained by the housing in a stationary position proximate to the user's skins surface. In some embodiments, the second sensor array and the first sensor array are separated by a substantially similar distances across measurements of the set of biosignals of the user.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a physiological monitoring apparatus that can be coupled to a pair of eyewear having a first leg and a second leg and worn over the cars of a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first and second sensor array configured to send electrical signals between the ears of the user and sense electrophysiological signals from the skin tissue substantially adjacent to the ears of the user; a first housing configured to fasten to the first leg of the eyewear and to position the first sensor array to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to one ear of the user; a second housing configured to fasten to the second leg of the eyewear and to position the second sensor array to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to the other ear of the user; and an intermediate region in communication with the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays include bioimpedance sensors configured to monitor the body fluid status of the user.
In some embodiments, the electrical signals are generated continuously and the electrophysiological signals are acquired continuously.
In some embodiments, the first housing and the second housing are made of electrically insulating materials.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes an analog-to-digital converter for receiving and digitizing the electrophysiological signals acquired by the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region further includes a processor configured to perform an analysis and translation of the digitized electrophysiological signals into a physiological measurement data.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes a transmission module configured to perform signal transmission.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes a power module configured to supply power to the apparatus.
In some embodiments, the system further includes an external device. In some such embodiments, the external device is in communication with the intermediate region through the transmission module. Further, in some such embodiments, the external device is a mobile phone.
In some embodiments, the system further includes an environmental sensor supported by one of the first housing and the second housing and configured to detect the environment conditions in the vicinity of the user.
In some embodiments, the first sensor array is positioned to stay in contact with the skin tissue on top of a first ear of the user and the second sensor array is positioned to stay in contact with the skin tissue around the posterior area of a second ear of the user.
In some embodiments, the first housing includes a first attachment element adapted to secure the first housing to the first leg of the eyewear and the second housing includes a second attachment element adapted to secure the second housing to the second leg of the eyewear.
In some embodiments, the system further includes a coupling element. In some such embodiments, the coupling element includes a strap adapted to connect the first housing and the second housing. Further, in some such embodiments, the length of the strap is adjustable.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region is connected with the first housing and the second housing via the coupling element. In some such embodiments, the position of the intermediate region on the coupling element is adjustable.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a physiological monitoring apparatus that can be coupled to a pair of eyewear having a first leg and a second leg and worn over the ears of a user. In some embodiments, the system includes: a first sensor array and a second sensor array configured to send electrical signals between the ears of the user and sense electrophysiological signals from the skin tissue substantially adjacent to the cars of the user; a first housing configured to fasten to the first leg of the eyewear and to position the first sensor array to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to one ear of the user; a second housing configured to fasten to the second leg of the eyewear and to position the second sensor array to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to the other ear of the user; and an intermediate region in communication with the first and second sensor arrays.
In some embodiments, the intermediate region includes: an analog to digital converter for receiving and digitizing the electrophysiological signals acquired by the first and second sensor arrays; a processor configured to perform an analysis and translation of the digitized electrophysiological signals into physiological measurement data; a transmission module configured to perform signal transmission; and a power module configured to supply power to the apparatus.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method taught to a user by a prescriber to achieve daily physiological monitoring of ionic fluid content changes within the body of a user, the user wearing eyewear with first and second legs daily. In some embodiments, the method includes: coupling to the eyewear a physiological monitoring device including a first and second end region that senses a biometric signal; and utilizing the device to: generate a current through a linear distance of the body of the user and between the first and second end regions. In some embodiments, the first end region is coupled to the first leg, and the second end region is coupled to the second leg, such that the first end region is contralateral to the second end region on the opposite side of the head of the user when the eyewear is worn by the user. In some embodiments, the linear distance measures less than one foot.
In some embodiments, the method includes: sensing an impedance of the current through the linear distance; storing the impedance measurement in a computer-readable medium; repeating the steps of generating a current, sensing the impedance of the current, and storing the impedance measurement over a set of time points defined by the prescriber; and generating a comparative metric by calculating a numerical difference between sequential impedance measurements stored within the computer-readable medium.
In some embodiments, the method further includes detecting a separate biometric signal at a supplementary sensor array configured to enable detection of additional biometric signals.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for measuring biosignals of a user wearing headwear where a pressure is generated between the user and the headwear. In some embodiments, the method includes: receiving, at the first and second end regions, an amount of the pressure generated between the headwear and the user, interfacing with the user's head at a first location by a first sensor array substantially sustained proximal to the first location over a set of time points; interfacing with the user's head at a second location by a second sensor array substantially sustained proximal to the second location over the set of time points; receiving a set of biosignals at the first sensor array and at the second sensor array when the first sensor array and the second sensor array are separated by a substantially similar distance over the set of time points; and communicating data that is based on the set of biosignals.
Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for monitoring physiological signals of a user wearing a pair of eyewear having a first leg and a second leg. In some embodiments, the method includes: sensing electrophysiological signals with a first and second sensor array; digitizing the electrophysiological signals with an analog to digital converter, processing the digitized electrophysiological signals into physiological measurement data with a processor; and transmitting the physiological measurement data to an external device.
In some embodiments, the first sensor array is positioned to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to a first ear of the user via a first housing fastened to the first leg of the eyewear and the second sensor array is positioned to stay in contact with the skin tissue substantially adjacent to a second ear of the user via a second housing fastened to the second leg of the eyewear.
In some embodiments, the method further includes displaying the physiological measurement data on an external device.
In some embodiments, the first and second sensor arrays include bioimpedance sensors and the physiological measurement data are body fluid status information of the user.
In some embodiments, the method further includes detecting environmental conditions in the vicinity of the user with an environmental sensor.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The foregoing is a summary, and thus, necessarily limited in detail. The above-mentioned aspects, as well as other aspects, features, and advantages of the present technology are described below in connection with various embodiments, with reference made to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 6A illustrates a partial perspective view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 6B illustrates a rear view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals worn by a user.
FIG. 7A illustrates a partial perspective view one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 7B illustrates a rear view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals worn by a user.
FIG. 8A illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 8B illustrates a side rear view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals worn by a user.
FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals worn by a user.
FIG. 10 illustrates a side view of one embodiment of a system for detecting and analyzing biosignals worn by a user.
FIG. 11 illustrates one embodiment of a method of detecting and analyzing biosignals.
FIG. 12 illustrates one embodiment of a method to achieve daily physiological monitoring of ionic fluid content within a user.
FIG. 13 illustrates one embodiment of a method of measuring biosignals of a user.
The illustrated embodiments are merely examples and are not intended to limit the disclosure. The schematics are drawn to illustrate features and concepts and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The above mentioned aspects, as well as other aspects, features, and advantages of the present technology will now be described in connection with various embodiments. The inclusion of the following embodiments is not intended to limit the disclosure to these embodiments, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the contemplated invention(s). Other embodiments may be utilized and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. Aspects of the disclosure, as described and illustrated herein, can be arranged, combined, modified, and designed in a variety of different formulations, all of which are explicitly contemplated and form part of this disclosure.
Described herein are systems and methods for measuring and detecting one or more biosignals of a user, for example to determine a health condition of the user.
As described herein, a âuserâ refers to any individual or species that can wear a head-mounted accessory. Non-limiting examples of users include: a person wearing glasses, a person wearing sunglasses, a person wearing goggles, a person wearing Google Glass® or similar wearable device, a person wearing a headband, a person wearing a hat, a patient, an athlete, a jogger, a swimmer, an elderly person, a person with a long-term health condition, a person released from the hospital, a person admitted to hospital, or any other individual.
As described herein, a âhead-mounted accessoryâ refers to any system or device that is stably and/or securely worn on a head region of a user. Non-limiting examples of head-mounted accessories include: glasses, sunglasses, bifocals, goggles, virtual reality headgear, hats, headbands, masks, Google Glass® or equivalent devices, and earmuffs.
As described herein, a âbiosignalâ refers to any biological signal detected or measured by the system. Non-limiting examples of biosignals include: bioimpedance signals, temperature signals, pulse oximetry signals, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electrocardiography signals, electromyography signals, electroencephalography signals, galvanic skin responses, magnetoencephalography impedance signals, acoustic signals, respiration signals, positional signals, caloric intake signals, and hydration signals.
As described herein, âcommunicatively coupledâ refers to communication between two or more system components via a wired or wireless connection. Non-limiting examples of wireless communication include: Bluetooth, low energy Bluetooth, near-field communication, Infrared, WLAN, or other RF technology. Non-limiting examples of wired communication include: IEEE 1394, Thunderbolt, Lightning, DVI, HDMI, Serial, Universal Serial Bus, Parallel, Ethernet, Coaxial, VGA, or PS/2.
Systems
As shown in FIG. 1 , one embodiment of a system 100 for detecting and measuring biosignals of a user includes: a first end region 111 , a second end region 112 , and an intermediate region 140 ; a first sensor array 120 proximal (e.g., positioned on, embedded within, attached to) the first end region 111 ; a second sensor array 130 proximal (e.g., positioned on, embedded within, or attached to) the second end region 112 ; and a coupling element 115 to couple the intermediate region 140 to the first end region 111 and the second end region 112 . The system 100 functions to measure and/or detect one or more biosignals of a user wearing the system. For example, the system may function to sense an impedance of current through a linear distance of tissue that separates the first sensor array 120 from the second sensor array 130 to generate metrics of ionic fluid content within the user. The biosignals may be measured using the system substantially continuously and in real time. Alternatively, the user's biosignals may be measured intermittently and/or monitored in real time or non-real time. The system 100 is configured for use in the field of digital health and may be used in any suitable related field, for example, veterinary medicine, sports medicine, or other health or wellness field.
The system 100 functions to couple to clothing or an accessory of a user, in order to detect a set of biosignals from the user. Reliable biosignal measurement and interpretation requires consistent positioning (e.g., location, distance between sensors, etc.) of the sensors over time, particularly in bioimpedance applications. The systems described herein is particularly suited for such applications. The system 100 may couple to the user in a consistent manner, by way of the clothing or accessory, in order to detect biosignals of the user reliably over time (e.g., from one or more precise locations of the user in a repeatable manner). As such, passive and reliable signal measurement quality can be enabled by the system 100 . In variations wherein the system 100 is configured to couple to clothing or an accessory, the system 100 is configured to couple to a head-mounted accessory, a piece of head-mounted clothing, or a piece of clothing or accessory worn by the user, in order to detect biosignals from a head region of the user. In non-limiting examples, the system 100 may couple to a user's eyeglasses, sunglasses, or bifocals, as shown in FIGS. 6A-10 , in order to detect biosignals from one or more skin regions proximal the user's head or ears (e.g., an area posterior the ear ( FIGS. 7A-7B ), an area proximal the ear, a superior region of the ear ( FIGS. 6A-6B ), etc.) in a reliable manner. In one non-limiting example, the user may be of a demographic that uses eyeglasses regularly and/or substantially ubiquitously (e.g., an elderly demographic); however, the user can be of any other suitable demographic.
In some embodiments, the system 100 is configured to be worn by the user outside of a clinical (e.g., hospital) or research (e.g., laboratory) setting, such that the user can be in a natural, more comfortable environment while using the system 100 . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the system 100 can be substantially non-portable, non-wearable, and/or intended for use in a clinical or research setting. Additionally, the system 100 may be unobtrusive and may not inhibit mobility of the user, such that biosignal detection can occur as the user performs normal or routine activities (e.g., walking, exercising, working, etc.) in his/her daily life. Furthermore, components of the system 100 can be reusable or disposable, or the entire system 100 can be configured to be disposable in order to provide a low maintenance system for the user. Additionally, some variations of the system 100 can additionally function to prevent a user from misplacing an accessory or article of clothing to which a portion of the system 100 is coupled. For example, as shown in FIG. 5 , the system may include one or more tactile (e.g., vibration), audible (e.g., beeping, buzzing, dinging, music, etc.), and/or visual (e.g., LED, OLED, colored light, etc.) location indicators 148 to help a user locate the system when it is unattached to the head-mounted accessory.
In embodiments of the system comprising the head-mounted accessory, the head-mounted accessory may include a user input element, for example a button or toggle switch, to activate a location indicator 148 on a first end region 111 , second end region 112 , intermediate region 140 , coupling element 115 , and/or attachment element
113 a , 113 b to locate the system.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2 , a system for biosignal detection and measurement optionally includes a housing 110 to house, store, or combine the first end region 111 , the second end region 112 , and the intermediate region 140 , and/or to couple the system to an accessory worn by a user. The housing 110 functions to house and/or protect components of the system 100 in providing a sensor-user interface. In some embodiments, the first end region 111 , the second end region 112 , and intermediate region 140 are all contained within the housing. For example, the housing 110 may fully encapsulate the components of the system while allowing the first sensor array 120 and second sensor array 130 to continue contacting a skin surface of the user and measuring biosignals of a user. Alternatively, in some embodiments, one or more regions may be positioned within a separate housing or outside of the housing. The housing 110 may further function to position the first sensor array 120 and the second sensor array 130 proximal to regions of the user for biosignal detection in a consistent manner. Further, the housing 110 may facilitate coupling of the first sensor array 120 and the second sensor array 130 to the intermediate region 140 by way of a coupling element 115 , as described in further detail elsewhere herein. The housing 110 can additionally function to provide the system 100 to a user in an aesthetic and/or wearable form factor, such that the user is comfortable in wearing the system 100 . The housing 110 or the first 111 and second 112 end regions are configured to couple to an accessory or clothing of a user, by way of an attachment element
113 a , 113 b as described in further detail elsewhere herein, in order to consistently and repeatedly place the first sensor array 120 and the second sensor array 130 on the user to detect a set of biosignals from the user.
The housing 110 may be flexible in order to enhance user comfort. However, the housing 110 can alternatively be rigid. Furthermore, the housing 110 may be water-resistant or waterproof, such that washing of the housing 110 does not damage the housing 110 . As such, the housing 110 may comprise a plastic material, but can alternatively be composed of any other suitable materials, such as polymer, rubber, ceramic, and similar materials.
The material of the housing 110 proximal the first 111 and second 112 end regions may be of a fixed length and provide a cavity of fixed size for each of the temple ends. In one non-limiting example, this material may be cotton, but could be any other suitable material. In another embodiment, the material of the housing 110 may be elastic and form a deformable cavity of variable size for each of the temple ends. In such embodiments, this elastic material may be silicone, but alternatively could be any other suitable material. In some embodiments, the housing 110 may comprise a material that couples to the temple ends via an adhesive, and thus does not require material to surround the temple ends. Alternatively, the housing 110 may comprise any suitable material that functions to couple the sensor arrays
120 , 130 to the temple ends of the head-mounted accessory 105 , and may take any shape or form such that the design of the housing 110 does not inhibit the daily activities of the user, nor cause discomfort to the user. In one variation, the housing 110 may be completely integrated into the accessory 105 , obviating the need for any additional materials.
In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 1-10 , a system for measuring and detecting biosignals includes a first end region 111 and a second end region 112 . The first 111 and second 112 end regions position the first 120 and second 130 sensory arrays on a skin surface of the user, which enables biosignal detection of the user, from multiple sensor arrays. As such, multiple sensor arrays can provide biosignal detection from multiple regions of the user, for instance, in detecting biosignals from contralateral regions of the user (e.g., in detecting bioimpedance), ipsilateral regions of the user, or one region of the user. Additionally or alternatively, the intermediate region 140 of the system may include a third sensor array or supplementary sensor array 145 between the first end region 111 and the second end region 112 , in order to provide a sensor-user interface between the first end region 111 and the second end region 112 . As such, sensor readings can be obtained from the back of the neck of the user and/or proximal the ears of the user. In some embodiments, the coupling element 115 and/or housing 110 can provide additional sensor array locations along its length, for example at the base of the skull of the user.
As shown in FIGS. 6A, 7A, 8A, 9-10 , the first sensor array 120 includes a first electrode 121 proximal (e.g., positioned on, embedded within, attached to) the first end region 111 and the second sensor array 130 includes a second electrode 131 proximal (e.g., positioned on, embedded within, attached to) the second end region 112 . The first 120 and second 130 sensor arrays function to directly detect biosignals from a user, wherein each sensor of each sensor array is configured to provide at least one channel for signal detection. For example, the first sensor array 120 and the second sensor array 130 may function to measure an impedance of a current flowing through a volume
CLAIMS
Claims ( 20 )
What is claimed is:
1. A system for monitoring biosignals of a user, the system comprising:
a first end region, positionable on one of an area posterior and an area superior to a first ear of a user, comprising a first sensor array;
a second end region, positionable on one of an area posterior and an area superior to a second ear of the user, comprising a second sensor array;
an intermediate region, positionable on a back of a neck region of the user, wherein the intermediate region comprises an analog to digital converter for receiving and digitizing biosignals acquired by the first and second sensor arrays, a processor configured to perform an analysis and translation of the digitized biosignals into physiological measurement data, a transmission module configured to perform signal transmission, and a power module configured to supply power to the system;
a coupling element configured to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region; and
a first attachment element and a second attachment element, wherein the first attachment element couples the first end region to a head-mounted accessory and the second attachment element couples the second end region to the head-mounted accessory.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein each attachment element comprises a sleeve defining an aperture configured to slidably receive a temple or temple end of the head-mounted accessory.
3. The system of claim 2 , wherein a diameter of the aperture defined by the sleeve is adjustable.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the coupling element electrically and physically couples the first and second end regions to the intermediate region.
5. A system for monitoring biosignals of a user accurately, reliably, and reproducibly, the system comprising:
a first end region, positionable on one of an area posterior and an area superior to a first ear of a user, comprising a first sensor array;
a second end region, positionable on one of an area posterior and an area superior to a second ear of the user, comprising a second sensor array, wherein there is a fixed linear distance between the first sensor array and the second sensor array;
an intermediate region, positionable on a back of a neck region of the user;
a coupling element configured to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region;
a first attachment element and a second attachment element, wherein the first attachment element couples the first end region to a head-mounted accessory and the second attachment element couples the second end region to the head-mounted accessory; and
a processor and a computer-readable medium having non-transitory, processor-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein execution of the instructions causes the processor to perform a method comprising:
generating a current through the fixed linear distance of a body of the user,
sensing an impedance of the current through the fixed linear distance,
storing the impedance measurement in the computer-readable medium,
repeating over time the steps of generating, sensing, and storing, and
generating a consistent, comparative metric between sequential impedance measurements stored within the computer-readable medium.
6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first sensor array and the second sensor array are configured to cooperatively detect an impedance of an applied current along a distance separating the first sensor array and the second sensor array, thereby providing a measurement of ionic fluid content within the user.
7. The system of claim 1 , further comprising the head-mounted accessory, wherein the head-mounted accessory is one of: eyeglasses, sunglasses, goggles, and bifocals.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the first and second sensor arrays are integrated into the head-mounted accessory.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a processor and a computer-readable medium having non-transitory, processor-executable instructions stored thereon.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the processor is integrated into one of the first end region, the second end region, and the intermediate region.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein execution of the instructions of the computer-readable medium causes the processor to perform a method comprising:
acquiring a first biosignal from a first body region of the user using the first sensor array,
acquiring a second biosignal from a second body region of the user using the second sensor array,
extracting a first feature from the first biosignal and a second feature from the second biosignal, and
analyzing the first and second features to determine a health condition of the user.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the method performed by the processor further comprises:
monitoring the health condition over time using one or more of the first and second sensor arrays; and
identifying a change in the health condition over time.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first and second biosignals include one or more of: bioimpedance signals, temperature signals, pulse oximetry signals, blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, electrocardiography, electromyography, electroencephalography signals, galvanic skin response, magnetoencephalography impedance signals, acoustic signals, respiration signals, positional signals, and caloric intake signals.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first and second features include one or more of: a blood volume, a blood pressure, a skin water content, cardiac output, an average temperature, an instantaneous temperature, an oxygen saturation level, a heart rate, a heart rate variability, a heart electrical activity, a brain electrical activity, a muscle electrical activity, a stress level, a neuronal activity level, a depth of breadth, a respiration rate, thoracic variations, inspiratory flow characteristics, expiratory flow characteristics, vocal sounds, a location of the user, and a calorie intake amount.
15. The system of claim 11 , wherein the method performed by the processor further includes:
transmitting, using an antenna, one or more of the first and second features to a healthcare provider.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first body region is contralateral the first sensor array and the second body region is contralateral the second sensor array.
17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first body region is ipsilateral the first sensor array and the second body region is ipsilateral the second sensor array.
18. The system of claim 11 , wherein the first body region is the same as the second body region.
19. A system for monitoring biosignals of a user, the system comprising:
a first end region, positionable on one of an area posterior and an area superior to a first ear of a user, comprising a first sensor array;
a second end region, positionable on one of an area posterior and an area superior to a second ear of the user, comprising a second sensor array;
an intermediate region, positionable on a back of a neck region of the user, wherein the intermediate region comprises a processor configured to perform an analysis of the biosignals, a power module configured to supply power to the system, and a third sensor array;
a coupling element configured to couple the first and second end regions to the intermediate region; and
a first attachment element and a second attachment element, wherein the first attachment element couples the first end region to a head-mounted accessory and the second attachment element couples the second end region to the head-mounted accessory.
20. The system of claim 5 , wherein the fixed linear distance is a distance between two ears of the user that measures less than one foot.
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