[2608.14433] Surface Roughness and Filler Restructuring in Magneto-Active Elastomers: Magnetically Hard versus Magnetically Soft Particles Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Search arXiv Press Enter to search · Advanced search Condensed Matter > Soft Condensed Matter arXiv:2608.14433 (cond-mat) [Submitted on 14 Aug 2026] Title: Surface Roughness and Filler Restructuring in Magneto-Active Elastomers: Magnetically Hard versus Magnetically Soft Particles Authors: Júlio P. A. Santos , Mehdi Hasanzade , Chaitanya Doifode , Raphael Kriegl , Alexander Kovalev , Mikhail Shamonin , Stanislav N. Gorb , Sofia Kantorovich View a PDF of the paper titled Surface Roughness and Filler Restructuring in Magneto-Active Elastomers: Magnetically Hard versus Magnetically Soft Particles, by J\'ulio P. A. Santos and 6 other authors View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: Magneto-active elastomers (MAEs) -- composites of magnetic nano-/micro-particles embedded in a soft polymer matrix -- are promising for soft robotics, as their shape and mechanical properties can be controlled by an applied magnetic field. Most MAEs are filled with magnetically soft (MS) micro-particles, such as carbonyl iron powder (CIP). We employ molecular dynamics to study the differences between thin MAE layers with MS and magnetically hard (MH) filler particles having the same saturation magnetization. We find that both MH and MS elastomers converge to the same high-field state -- a labyrinth of bundled, field-aligned chains -- but do so through distinct pathways: MH MAEs break their zero-field chains, which lie parallel to the MAE layer plane (in-plane), and rotate them into alignment with an external magnetic field, whereas MS MAEs gradually build up field-aligned chains from neighboring particles. We show that the MS model reproduces the magnetization curves and surface roughness of CIP-based MAEs for magnetic fields close to saturation, while maintaining the observed qualitative features at lower field strengths. The mismatch between simulation and experimental results at low fields suggests the need for a MS model that accounts for the multi-domain nature of carbonyl iron microparticles. Subjects: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft) Cite as: arXiv:2608.14433 [cond-mat.soft] (or arXiv:2608.14433v1 [cond-mat.soft] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.14433 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Júlio Palma De Assunção Santos [ view email ] [v1] Fri, 14 Aug 2026 16:16:23 UTC (8,892 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Surface Roughness and Filler Restructuring in Magneto-Active Elastomers: Magnetically Hard versus Magnetically Soft Particles, by J\'ulio P. A. 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