CORAL: A Modality Invariant Framework for Robust Vital Sign Rate Estimation Using Correloform Analysis

[2608.14973] CORAL: A Modality Invariant Framework for Robust Vital Sign Rate Estimation Using Correloform Analysis Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Search arXiv Press Enter to search · Advanced search Electrical Engineering and Systems Science > Signal Processing arXiv:2608.14973 (eess) [Submitted on 15 Aug 2026] Title: CORAL: A Modality Invariant Framework for Robust Vital Sign Rate Estimation Using Correloform Analysis Authors: Jacob Trueb , Amey Kasbe , Aniruddh Srinivasan View a PDF of the paper titled CORAL: A Modality Invariant Framework for Robust Vital Sign Rate Estimation Using Correloform Analysis, by Jacob Trueb and 2 other authors View PDF Abstract: Heart rate and respiration rate are crucial vital signs. We present CORAL to address challenges in automating continuous vital sign monitoring 1) in-hospital across broader populations (age, disease states), 2) at-home in telehealth and wellbeing applications (noise, placement), and 3) across data modalities (ECG, PPG, SCG, BioZ, etc.). We re-introduce Short-Time Autocorrelation Functions (STACFs) to introduce the correloform - a highly interpretable 2D signal transformation for tracking periodicity over time - and define CORAL as a generic analytical framework for robust rate estimation of quasi-periodic signals. We rigorously benchmark CORAL to show ubiquitous application in biosignals via capabilities arising by mathematical construction rather than domain-specific engineering, including rate estimation, resilient noise handling, automatic channel selection, and signal quality indication. CORAL achieves excellent instantaneous noninvasive fetal HR agreement in FECGSYNDB (F1 = 0.999) and ADFECGDB (F1 = 1.000). With difficult NICU neonates, CORAL estimates RR from wearable BioZ at r = 0.858 against breath-interval RR from simultaneous wired Philips impedance. CORAL SCG HR on CEBS achieves r = 0.990 and in free-living activity r = 0.970 when compared against commercial ECG. Without QRS detection, CORAL's instantaneous HR agrees with Pan-Tompkins and NeuroKit2 detectors as closely as they agree with each other (MIMIC-IV ICU ECG r = 0.87 to each vs. 0.88 between them). CORAL's HR standard deviation correlates strongly with interval-based HRV SDNN, even from mechanical SCG (CEBS r = 0.733) and across an ICU ECG cohort (r = 0.768). Comments: main manuscript: 11 pages, 2 tables, 4 figures supplemental materials: 25 pages, 4 tabes, 31 figures Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP) ; Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM) Cite as: arXiv:2608.14973 [eess.SP] (or arXiv:2608.14973v1 [eess.SP] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2608.14973 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Jacob Trueb [ view email ] [v1] Sat, 15 Aug 2026 01:53:49 UTC (12,541 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled CORAL: A Modality Invariant Framework for Robust Vital Sign Rate Estimation Using Correloform Analysis, by Jacob Trueb and 2 other authors View PDF view license Current browse context: eess.SP < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-08 Change to browse by: eess q-bio q-bio.QM References & Citations NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Loading... BibTeX formatted citation × loading... 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