RERUM BRITANNICARUM MEDII M\l SCRIPTORES,
OR
HRONICLES AND MEMORIALS OF GREAT BRITAIN
AND IRELAND
DURING
THE MIDDLE AGES.
9875.
THE CHRONICLES AND MEMORIALS
OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
DURING THE MIDDLE AGES.
PrBT,TSHKTl BY THE AUTHORITY OF HER MAJESTY'S TRRASFRT. T'NPER THF mrfVPTTON OF TTTF MASTER OF TTTF FAT T t
On the 26tli of Jaiuiary 1857, the Master of the Rolls submitted to the Treasury a proposal for the publication of materials for the History of this Country from the Invasion of the Romans to the Reign of Henry VIII.
Tlie Master of the Rolls suggested that tliese materials should be selected for publication under competent editors without reference to periodical or chronological arrangement, without mutilation or abridgment, prefer- ence being given, in the first instance, to such materials as were most scarce and valuable.
He proposed that each chronicle or historical docu- ment to be edited should be treated in the same way as if the editor were engaged on an Editio Princeps ; and for this purpose the most correct text should be formed from an accurate collation of the best MSS.
To render the work more generally useful, the Master
of the Rolls suggested that the editor should give an
accoimt of the MSS. employed by him, of their age and
their peculiarities; that he should add to the work a
brief account of the life and times of the author, and any
remarks necessary to explain the chronology ; but no
other note or comment was to be allowed, except what
might be necessary to establish the correctness of the
text.
a 2
4
The works to be published in octavo, separately, as they were finished ; the whole responsibility of the task resting upon the editors, who were to be chosen by the Master of the Eolls with the sanction of the Treasury.
The Lords of Her Majesty's Treasury, after a careful consideration of the subject, expressed their opinion in a Treasury Minute, dated February 9, 1857, that the plan recommended by the Master of the HoUs '' was well calculated for the accomplislmient of this important national object, in an effectual and satisfactory manner, within a reasonable time, and provided proper attention be paid to economy, in making the detailed arrange- ments, without unnecessary expense."
They expressed their approbation of the proposal that each chronicle and liistorical document .should be edited in such a manner as to represent mth all possible cor- rectness the text of each writer, derived from a collation of the best MSS., and that no notes should be added, except such as were illustrative of the various readings. They suggested, however, that the preface to each work should contain, in addition to the particulars proposed by tlie Master of the Rolls, a biographical account of the author, so far as authentic materials existed for that purpose, and an estimate of his historical credibility and value.
Bolls House,
Deremher IHoT.
ixy U ftLil yvAi'elpfc Voti xtvecp -j p' jrav ■S-p eft "T if l^^'^^^^^^' |^oTi-mxe&''iic vipHe--^IIf<fr][ve-' -]p-yp^lwlo'^>on|>a hot-cu j^'uchoman 'Tip
IftiP-arv Ha^ onprtjii?- "itf-Wmi^ njiKnucl n lol'o
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lortvvn '^^|iiipe-^n"li'a TO&^Toyonmt- m.\K. -ipic
ir,rnwciii¥-^ Wile Urn ^nim nii^lnnimciA.^cnil'lim \ -1 ncvne roftcu) • ^ip-hti ptfem Tmvro o bjvfn i^va.
MS. RE<3. 12. D.XYIX. fol .'53d
LEECHDOMS, WORTCUNNING,
STARCRAFT
EAELY ENGLAND.
A COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS, FOR THE MOST PART NEVER BEFORE PRINTED,
ILLlIbTllATIXG
THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE IN THIS COUNTRY BEFORE THE NORMAN CONQUEST.
COLLECTED AND EDITED
i;y TIIK
REV. OSWALD COCKAYNE, M.A. CANTAB.
VOL. II.
PUBLISHED BV THK AUTIlOlUTY OF TIIK LOKUS COMMISSIOXKKS OF UEU MAJESTY'S TREASURY, UNDER THE DIREUTIONT OF THE MASTER OF THE ROLLS.
LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, ROBERTS, AND GREEN.
iS6o.
D^
2.
/r
nd.3S V. 2
, Trill ted by
EiKli and Spottiswoode, Her Majesty's Prinlefj For Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
CONTENTS.
Page
Preface - - - - - - vii
Leech Book. Book I. - - - - 1
Book II. ...... 158
Book III. - - - - 300
Glossaky - - - - - -361
Index of Pkoper Names - - - - 415
PREFACE.
PREFACE.
No historical records are complete without the usual chapter on Manners and Customs ; and the true scholar never feels himself well in possession of the I'equisite knowledge of the past age, till he has so learnt its time honoured tale, as to apprehend in a human and practical sense those feelings which made its super- stitions plausible, its heathenism social, its public institutions tend, in the end, to the general welfare.
The Saxons have not been more fortunate than others in their appreciation by us, self satisfied moderns. They have been, and still .are, I believe, commonly regarded as mangy dogs, whose success against the Keltic race in this country was owing chiefly to their starved condition and ravening hunger. The children protest that, positively, as they know from their most reUable handbooks, these roving savages stuffed their bellies mth acorns, and the enlightened literati and dilettanti begrudge them any feeling of respect for their queens and ladies, or any arts such as befit our " Albion's " glorious isle " under an Encflish kino-.
The work now published for the first time, and from a unique manuscript, will, if duly studied, afford a large store of information to a very difierent effect, and show us that the inhabitants of this land in Saxon times were able to extract a very fair sliaie of comfortable food, and healing medicines, and savoury drinks directly or indirectly from it. Many readers
Vlll PREFACE.
will be glad to see drawn together into one the scat- tered notices which occur most plentifully here, and occasionally elsewhere, upon this matter.
At his noon meat or dinner, at the Itova nona, or ninth hour of the day,^ for the word noon has now changed its sense, the Saxon spread his table duly and suitably with a table cloth.^ He could place on it for the entertainment of his family and household, the flesh of neat cattle,*' now Normanized, as Sir Walter Scott has made familiar to all, into beef, the flesh of sheep,* now called mutton, of pig, of goat,*" of calf,^ of deer, especially the noble hart,*^ of wild boar," the pea- cock, swan, duck,' culver or pigeon,^ waterfowl, barn- door fowl,'^ geese, '° and a great variety of wild fowl, which the fowler caught with net, noose, birdlime, birdcalls, hawks, and traps ;'^ salmon, eels, hake, pil- chards, eelpouts,^- trout, lampreys, herrings, sturgeon, oysters, crabs, periwinkles, plaice, lobsters, sprats,^^ and so on.^*
The cookery of these viands was not wholly contemp- tible. It was entrusted to professors of that admired art,^'^ who could, though their accomplishments have been neglected by the annalists, put on the board oyster patties, ^*^ and fowls stuffed with bread and such worts as parsley.''^ Weaker stomachs could have light
' Horn. II. 256. Also Seo vunne aJjyjTjiobe.vpam mibbaej;^' o'iS non, JI.II. 158 a, The mm was darkened from midday tdl noon. Even here our dictionaries blunder.
- Beobcla'5, vE.G. 8,lincol. Myj'c hjiBegel, I>ye.
* Lb. II. vii., etc.
' Coll. Monasticon, p. •!{).
■- Lb. II. xvi.
" Coll. Mon. p. ±1.
■ Lb. IL xvi.
"■■ Lb, II. XXX. 2.
' DD. 504 ; Lb. II. xvi. 2,
'" Lb. II. xvi. 2,
" Coll. Mon. p. 25.
'- Young eels (Kersey).
'■' Sppoccas not in the dictionaries. JJcsides two passages in which it occurs, reserved for reasons which readers of the Shrine will under- stand, it occurs Coll. Mon. p. 23. See French Celerin, Selerin ; the MS. has Salin.
' ' Coll. Mon. pp. 23, 24.
'' Coll. Mon. p. 29.
'" Lb. II. xxiii.
"Lb. HLxii.
PTIEFACE.
IX
food, chickens,' giblets, pigs trotters,^ eggs, broth, various preparations of milk, some of the nature of junkets.'*'
From some of their drawings, their cookery of meat seems to have been more Homeric^ than Roman or modern English, for we see portions of meat brought up on small spits, all hot, to the table. All food that required it was sweetened with honey, before men had betaken themselves to sugar. For fruits, we know they had sweet apples,''' which are not indigenous to England, pears, peaches,*^ medlars, plums, and cherries.
Saxons, thus well provided with eatables, could satisfy thirst with not a few good and savoury drinks ; with beer, with strong beer, with ale, with strong ale, with clear ale, with foreign ale, and with what they called twybrowen, that is, double brewed ale, a luxury, now rare, and rare too then probably.'' These ales and beers were, of course, to deserve the name, and as wo learn from many passages of the present publi- cation, made of malt, and some of them, not all pro- l>ably, were hopped.^ I have sufficiently, in the Glos- sary,^ established that tlie hop plant and its use were known to the Saxons, and that they called it by a name, after which I have inquired in vain among hop growers and hop pickers in Worcestershire and Kent, the Hymele.'" The hop grows wild in our hedges, male and female, and the Saxons in this state called it the hedge hj^mele ; a good valid presumption that they knew it in its fertility. Three of the Saxon legal deeds
' As before. - Lb. II. i. ^ Gl. ylecan.
•• Kai a./x(p' o^eXoKTiv tQrjKav. ' Mylsee asppla, Lb. II. xvi. " Persocas, Lb. p. 176 ; Lacn. 89 ; AiSa|. .31.
• Lb. T. xlvii. .1.
^ Hb, Ixviii.
" See also Preface, Vol. I. p. Iv.
'" I find Ymele, fem., gen -an, for a roll, scroll, volumen. The Ilymele is in glossaries frequently Voliihilis ; and the two suggest a derivation for either from Ymbe = 'Aficpi, so that Ilvmele means coiler.
X PREFACE.
extant refer ^ to a liide of land at Hymel-tim in Wor- cestershire, tlie land of the garden hop, and as tun means an enclosure, there can he not much doubt that this was a hop farm. The bounds of it ran down to the hymel brook, or hop plant brook, a name which occurs about the Severn and the Worcestershire Avon in other deeds. One of the unpublished glossaries affords the Saxon word Hopu, Hojos,^ and Hopwood in Worcestershire doubtless is thence named. Perhaps, to explain some testimonies to a more recent impor- tation of hops, it may be suggested that, as land or sea carriage of pockets of hops from Worcestershire to London or the southern ports was difficult, the use of the hop was long confined to that their natural soil, while the Kentish hops may be a gift from Germany.
A table is well enough furnished where the flagons are filled with good malt liquor ; it is flat heresy, they say, to discover mischief in University " particular :" but, notwithstanding, the Saxons drank also mead, an exhilarating beverage, which from its sweetness must have been better suited to the palates of the ladies, and which was of an antiquity far anterior to written or legendary history. They had also great store of wines, which they distinguished by their qualities, as clear, austere, sweet, rather than by their provinces or birth. They made up also artificial diinks, oxymel, hydromel, mulled wines, and a Clear drink, or Claret/"^ of the nature of those beverages which are now called cup.
Salt, which is an indispensable condiment to civilized man, they obtained from Cheshire and Worcestershire, where they had furnaces for the evaporation of the
' CD. 209, 080, lOGG. 1 lleve them to be the hloKSoms of
- " Lygistra hopu," Gl. Cleop. privet. f. 57 a. Ligustra, though known to ^ See the Glossary in jMuttoji every ear, by the line Alba ligustra bpenc. caduut, were long doubtful ; we be- I
PREFACE.
XI
brine.^ Salt fm* salted meats,- which also were quite familiar to them, might be got from the saltpans on the sea shore.
The dishes, on which their meats were served, were sometimes of silver,^ nor was this esteemed a high distinction.'^ The vessels from which they drank were sometimes of glass f and those they had also transpa- rent in quality.'^' The supply upon the tables of a chief- tain, who had many retainers, was abundant, and not over studious of luxury and refinement.' When not engaged in war or hunting, the princes thought a good deal of their gormandize.^ Festive assemblies were more frequent than among other races of men ; they were duly ordered, and attended by gleemen, from whose lips the honeysweets of song flowed readily and freely, and whose reward came from the munificence of the prince. The feasts not rarely lasted through the night.*'
In the monastic colloquy, an exercise for students, who were to be "bilingues," capable of conversing in their own language and in that of Rome, which is, therefore, quite destitute of artifice or ambition, a boy is asked what he has to eat. His reply i^^, worts (that is, kitchen herbs), fish, cheese, butter, beans, and flesh meats. He drinks ale, and, if he cannot get that, water, for he cannot afford wine. This is the daily diet of a boy under education in a monastery.
Altogether, if the comfortable prejudices of modernism do not shut out trustworthy and contemporary testi-
' CD. 451.
- Lb. p. 234, etc.
^ Discus argenteus regalibus epulis refertus, Becla, III. vi.
* Est videre apud illos argentese vasa, legatis et pi'incipibus eorum muneri datse, non in alia vilitate quam qua; bumo finguntur. Tacitus, Germ. 5.
■' Calicem is translated slsej-yaer, Beda, p. 618, line 12.
« C.E. 78, ult.
■ Epiilffi et, quanquam incompti, largi tamen adparatus, Tacit. Germ. 14.
* Dediti somno ciboque. Tacit. Germ. 15.
'■' Tacit. Germ. 22.
xn
PREFACE.
mony the Saxons must be concluded to be very far removed from that pasturage upon the lierb of the field whicli was the regale of human innocence, and that feeding upon grass which was the doom of an arrogant Oriental king. They seem to dine like Eng- lishmen.
The Saxon imported purple palls, and silk, precious gems, gold, rare vestments, drugs, wine, oil, ivory, ori- chalclium (a very fine mixed metal of gold and silver), brass, brimstone, glass, and many more such articles.^ Tin came by water from Cornwall. Their enterprise by sea was distinguished ; the}^ pursued the dangerous whale, and were known for their adventurous hostile landings upon the Gallic coasts before they had settled in this country.^
When the Saxons got possession of Britain, they found it, not such as Julius C?esar describes it, but cultivated and improved by all that the Romans knew of agriculture and gardening. Hence rue, hyssop, fennel, mustard, elecampane, southernwood, celandine, radish, cummin, onion, '"' lupin, chervil, flower de luce, flax probably, rosemary, savory, lovage, parsley, coriander, olusatrum, savine, were found in their gardens and available for their medicines. Among the foreign drugs, or the like, which are mentioned in this volume, we find mastich, pepper, galbanum, scamony, gutta ammoniaca, cinnamon, vermilion, aloes, pumice, quicksilver, brim- stone, myrrh, frankincense, petroleum,'* ginger.
The Saxons and Engie for the supply of their tables, thus, as we have seen, abundantly supplied, kept herds of cattle. The agriculture was in great measure, with alterations adapted to the moister climate, and with improvements from lapse of time and from other coun-
' Col. Mon. p. 27.
■-' Ainmianiis Marcellinus, xxviii.
^ Ynneleac has for its first ele- ment a Latinism, unionem, onion.
'Lb. pp. 53, .'iT, 01, 101, 125 289,297.
PREFACE.
xm
tries, Roman. Among them arable land was excellently cared for, much on the same method as we observe on the downs of Kent, the garden of England. By throw- ing a thousand small allotments into one great field, they were well rid of the encumbrance, the weeds, the birds, the boys going a birdnesting, and the repair of hedges or other fences. But the pasture land was not so well managed. The Romans, who had an elaborate machinery of aqueducts and irrigation, grew hay in their prata, or meadows, which were artificially supplied with water, and to get two crops a year, or three or four,' gave a large flow of that element to the soil. This, of course, had its inconveniences, herbs that thrive in wet came up stronger than the grass, especially horse- tail, and a " nummulus " with pods. They had an awk- ward inefiicient way of cutting the grass with a hook, held in the right hand only, and this was followed by a second operation, called sickling,^ to cut what the hooks had left. They tedded the hay, as is done now, by hand, with forks, ^ took care it should be dry enough not to ferment, leaving it in cocks,* and when ready carried it off to the farm,^ and stored it in a loft.^
Our forefathers here were able, from the frequent Hay. rains, to dispense for the most part with irrigation. They cut the hay with sithes,' the pattern of which was probably borrowed from the continental Kelts, '^ and, most naturally, by the subdued British before the settle- ment of the English, since they were relatives, spoke
' Interamnse in Umbria quater anno secantur etiam non rigua, Plin. xviii. 67=2S.
2 Sicilire ; Plin. as above, Varro, E.R. i. 19.
8 Furcillis.
* Meta;.
* Villa.
" In tabulate. Sub tecto, Colu- mella, II. xix.
VOL. II.
' Horn. II. p. 162. Also a Saxon drawing in MS. Cott. Tiber. B. v., where the painter has given straight handles to the sithes ; and has cer- tainly committed an error in draw- ing haymaking for August, and reaping for June.
** Galliarum latifundia maioris compendii, Plin. as above.
XIV
PREFACE,
tlie language, and were in frequent communication with Gaul. They stored the hay in ricks ^ and mows,- where it was less likely to get mouldy than in the half close lofts of the Romans.
But according to the Roman system little hay was prepared thus, there were legal impediments to ex- tending widely the formation of inclosed pasturage^, and we read often enough of feeding the cattle upon leaves, or rather on foliage.^ The man employed in procuring small boughs for his cattle was called Frondator.^ The greater part, by far, of Italian pasture land was common, overspread by bushes and trees, where the employment of herdsmen and shepherds was indispensable, and im- provement was almost impossible. Cattle thieves. In the same way, in early England, a grass fiekP is rarely heard of, while the law books are full of pre- cautions against cattle thieves, whose bad business was made easy by the threadmg commons and wide moors, along which a stolen herd could be driven, j)icking up subsistence on its way, and evading observation by keeping off the great roads. So much were the farmers pestered with cattle thefts, that the legislature required responsible witnesses to the transfer of such property, and would have it transacted in open market; it also invented a team ; that is to say, when Z, who has lost his oxen, found them and identified them in possession of A, the said A was bound by trustworthy witnesses to show that he had them lawfully from B ; B was then compelled to go through the same process, and to
' This word is not in the Saxon dictionaries, and I will not at pre- sent indicate the passage where it is
to he found. Sa^ l^jL^juie^ eicXia. •-.x.'J / ...'I. /> ^ . hre^c , Oi^t^d. £
■"^'Mugan, Exodus xxii. 6
" Quid maiora sequar ? Salices " humilesque genistae
" Aiit ilia; pecori frondem aut
" pastoribus umbram " SufEciunt."
Virgil. Georgic. II. 434. " Hie ubi densas agricola; strin- " gunt frondes."
Id. Eel. ix. 60. ' Virgil. Eel. I. 57. ^ Gaejjj^un.
PREFACE. XV
sliow that lie gave honest money for them to C ; thus a team or row of successive owners was unravelled till it ended in P, who had neglected to secure credible witnesses to his bargain ; or in Q, who bought them at a risky price from the actual thief Then Z recovered his cattle or their value.^ Under this legislation the chief difficulty of a loser was to trace the direction in which his cattle had been driven off, and the skill of the hunter in tracking the slot of the deer, helped to follow the foot prints of horse or sheep or ox.^ The less fertile parts of England are still patched by strips of common, or ways with grassy wastes skirting them, and the wanderer may often ramble by hedgerow elms mid hillocks green, among the primroses and violets, by ups and downs, through quagmires and over gates, from his furthest point for the day, till he nears the town and his inn. Elwes, the famous miser, could ride seventy miles out of London without paying turnpike. The Saxon herdsman watched the livelono- nie^ht.^
The Saxons also, like the Romans, fed their cattle, Cattle fed on sometimes, so as to make the notion familiar, with the ^^aves. foliage of trees. In his life of St. Cu6berht, the venerable Beda gives an account of a worthy Hadwald (Eadwald), a faithful servant of ^Iflced, abbess of Whitby, who was killed by falling from a tree.^ ^Ifric three hundred years afterwards telling the same story, gives us either from some collateral tradition, by writing may be, may be by word, or from his judgment of what was naturally the mans business at tree climbing, an account that this tree was an oak, and that he was feeding the cattle with the foliage, so that he was killed in discharge of his duty as herdsman.-'^ In the summer of 18G4< this
' DD. in many passages.
^ Ho^pec, Focppop.
3 Coll. Mon. p. 20. Tota nocte sto super eos vigilando propter fures.
■* Incautius in arborem ascen- dens deciderat deorsiun, Beda, 256, 22.
5 Horn. II. 150.
b 2
XVI
PREFACE.
poor resource is said to have been used in some counties of England, notwithstanding the " great strides science " has made."
Sheep. Sheep were driven to pasture by their shepherd with
his dosrs. and at nis^ht were taken back home and fokled.' With goats, sheep provided most part of the milk and cheese consumed in early times ; cow butter is fre- quently named in this volume by way of distinction ; these smaller beasts were robbed of their milk from the teats between the hind legs. A Saxon calendar heads the month of May with a painting representing sheep and goats under the shepherds care.
Swine. Swine w^ere entrusted to the swineherd, who pastured
them in his masters woods, or on a customary per- centage of the stock,- in the woods of some other pro-. prietor. He had a perquisite, a sty pig out of the farrow, with another for his comrade or deputy, besides the usual dues of servitors.^
Boar hunting. A drawing of a purely Saxon type, in a Saxon manu- script, represents the hunting of the wild boar ; a thane, or as we say gentleman, on foot, has some wild pigs, bristly and yellowish brown, in view ; he carries a long boar spear, and his left hand rests on the hilt of his sword, which is to save his life, if the boar charges ; he is followed by an unarmed attendant, with a pair of dogs in a leash, and a hunting horn. The painter has probably assigned this drawing to the wrong month.'*
Ilawliing. The same artist has drawn a Saxon gentleman out
a hawking on horseback, with an attendant on foot, each provided with a haAvk; the wild fowl, ducks or teal, are in the picture, these the hawk dispatched
' Coll. :\ron. 20.
- One tliirrl of very fat ones, one fourth, and one fifth of less fat. DD. p. 58.
'DD. p. 187.
■• September. To say this painting represents herding swine is a strange inaccuracy. No hand is raised to shake down mast.
PREFACE. XVli
quicldy, splitting their skulls with a stroke of his beak, A large bird, perhaps a heron, is introduced into the scene.
Feather beds, with bolsters and pillows, were in use in Saxon times. ^
It seemed necessary to pave the way for an examina- England tion of the work now published by some such remarks ^^^' ^^^ ' as these, which are not all trite or matters of course ; in order that the minds of readers not very familiar with these early times might give the rest of our facts a readier acceptance. The entire scope and tenor of all that we possess in the way of home literature, laws, deeds, histories, poems, regarding these Angles and Saxons, implies a tolerable degree of civilization ; and many modem writers have persistently misrepresented their customs, and pretended to unloose the very bonds of society among them. I take leave to touch on one or two points, tending still to prepare us for the facts on the face of the present volume.
Tacitus says that the German races were well pleased Coins, with Roman money, and that such coins as were of approved value, the milled edged, and the pair horse chariot stamped,^ had currency among them. In Eng- land the kings, great and small, learned to imitate on their own account the currency of Eome. Writers on the subject dwell upon this, and we are, in our mended age, ourselves guilty of this want of originality. Saxon pennies are common enough, but the numismatists say that they coined no gold, because no gold coins have been turned up. Saxon gold mancuses are mentioned in twenty different passages of manuscripts : they were not money of account, for we read of mancuses by weight ; and a will, nov/ in the hands of a zealous editor, settles the question by the following words : " Then let twenty hundred mancuses of gold be taken
' Gl. Soiun. p. 60 b, line 40. | - Serratos bigatosque.
XVIU
PREFACE.
Herbalist learnino-.
" and coined into mancuses ;" ^ that is, there was a gold coin of a determinate weight called a mancus, and coined in England. Suppose when the document is fairly be- fore us that this will turn out suspect ; suppose it be pronounced a forgery ; still we have Saxon authority for coininof wold mancuses, and at home. All works that touch the subject, know that there were in those times royal mints and royal moneyers.
The Glossary appended to this work exhibits, from among a still wider list, a large number of names of herbs ; and materials exist for determining most of these to full conviction. The change of residence produced doubtless some confusion, by depriving the Saxons of spe- cimens of the trees and plants answering to their names. The Germanic races had not before their arrival here pushed down upon the Mediterranean ^hores, but we all know historically that they had not been confined to cold climates, and one very curious proof exists that in some instances the name they fixed on a plant was appropriate only to its aspect in warmer countries.^ It is true that the oak, beech, birch, hawthorn, sloe- thorn, bore native names, but elm,^ walnut, maple, holly,* are equally native names ; and, except the walnut, native trees. The cherry was brought to Italy by Lucullus, from Kspatrouj, Cerasus, a city of Cappadocia, where it was plentiful, and it has ever borne the same name. The students of nature learn that many species of its Fauna, and also, though less so, of its Flora, can be traced to a single spot. Thus the peach, peppoc,
' panne mmpe (read nime) man tpencij; hunb mancufa golbep -] gemynerige to mancujan, HID. fol. 21 a. The transcript is not by any means cotemporary.
2 1 regret I cannot here explain this fully.
^ Not a Latinism.
* Holen, which is originally an
adjective, Hole5n,HoleSen, and even now so applied to Holn Wood on the banks of the Dart, near Ash- burton. Holej, Holly, is the ori- ginal substantive, C.E. 437, line 19. The old Latin name is Aqui- folius : the Ilex was glandiferous, the evergreen^ oak.
PREFACE. ' xis
Malum Persicum, was from Persia ; there is no other name for it but " the Persian apple/' For such as these it was impossible to have any other name ; they were fruit trees foreign to all but their own countrymen. The plum is a better sloe ; can be raised only by graft- ing, for seedlings are found to degenerate; which is also the case with the pear, having its native equivalent in the Pirus domestica, of Bewdley Forest. The syca- more, which has been alleged to prove the Latinism of the Saxons, is merely a maple. Yet the great influence which a Latin education, and scarce any in- struction in old English, has upon ourselves, is trace- able even among the Saxons : the true signification of some native names was passing away, and the plants supposed once to have borne them began to be known by some Roman denomination. For so common a plant as mint, seen in every running ditch, on every watery marge, there seems to be no name but that which is Hellenic, and Latin. The Germanic races, on the con- trary, were the original patrons of hemp ' and flax,^ as against wool. It is, however, with their reach over the material world, and their proficiency in the arts which turn it to mans convenience, after, and not before, their arrival in England, that we are now deal- ing ; and we maintain that a great part of what the Roman could teach, the Saxons, their successors, had learnt.
The most cursory examination of the work now Book learning, before us will show that we are reading of a civiliza- tion such as the above details would lead us to ex- pect. Here a leech calmly sits down to compose a not unlearned book, treating of many serious diseases, and assigning for them something he hopes will cure them. In the Preface to the first volume it was ad-
* Vol. I. p. X. note.
^Feminae saepius lineis amictibus utuntur. Tacitus, Germ. 17.
XX
PREFACE.
The maau- script.
mitted that Saxon leeches fell short of the daring skill of Hellas, or the wondrous success of the leading medical men of either branch in London or Paris. Notwith- standing that this is a learned book, it sometimes sinks to mere driveling, The author almost always rejects the Greek recipes, and doctors as an herborist. It will give any one who has the heart of a man in him a thrill of horror to compare the Saxon dose of brook- lime and pennyi'oyal twice a day, for a mother whose child is dead -within her,^ with the chapter in Celsus devoted to this subject, in which we read, as in his inmost soul, an anxious courageous care, and a sense of responsibility mixed with determination to do his utmost, which is, even to a reader, agitating.^
The volume consists of two parts ; a treatise on medicine in two books, with its proper colophon at the end, and a third of a somewhat more monkish character. The book itself probably once belonged to the abbey of Glastonbury, for a catalogue of the books of that foundation, cited by Wanley,^ contains the entry " Medicinale Anglicum," which is rightly interpreted, " Saxonice scriptum ;" and this book, rebound in 1757, has preserved on one of the fly leaves an old almost illegible inscription, " Medicinale Anglicum." Search has been made for any record of the books, Avhich, on the dissolution of the monasteries, might have found their way from Glastonbury to the Royal Library, but in vain.
An earlier, the first, owner is pointed out in the colophon.^
Bald habet hunc librum, Gild quem conscribere iussit.
' Lb. p. 331.
* Adhibenda curatio est, quce numerari inter difficillimas potest. Nam et summam prudentiam mo- derationemque desiderat, et maxi-
mum periculum affert. Celsus, VII. xxix.
=* Hickes, Tliesaur. Vol. II. Pra;f. ad Catalogum.
* P. 298.
PREFACE. XXI
In this doggrel, Bald is the owner of the book ; we have no right to improve him into iESelbald ; Cild is, probably, the scribe ; some will contend, the author. In classical Latin no doubt would exist, conscribere would at once denote the composing of the work : but in these later dciys, when millions of foreigners learnt the Latin language as a means of interchange of thoughts, occasionally intruding their own "Gothic words, all such niceties of the ear went for nothing ; Cild might well be the mere penman. But then the mar- ginal tokens, and private memoranda, show that the work so written had passed either through the hands of the author, which from the use of private marks is probable, or through those of another leech, who was able to discover the sources of the authors information. Bald anywise may have been the author himself
Let us give a few touches to the, as yet, bare outline q[\^_ of the penman Cild. The famous Durham book is a charming work of ancient Saxon art ; those who cannot inspect the original may see a copy of a piece of the ornamentation in the Gospel of St. Matthew, edited by the Rev. Joseph Stevenson, and published by the Surtees society. According to an entry of a later age in the book itself, not of doubtful authenticity, this exquisite piece of pattern work, which is a part of the writing, was the performance of EadfriS, bishop of Lindisfarne, who occupied that see from 698 to 721. It is of Irish tone, and like many other dignitaries this prelate had, very likely, completed his Christian educa- tion in the Isle of Saints. Cild was certainly not of the make and metal of a bishop, for the words " conscribere " iussit " forbid it ; Dunstan forefend ! It would be somewhat speculative to say, that in JSTorthumbria, A.D. 700, the art of writing was at a higher premium than afterwards. I will not venture to say it, but proceed upon surer data. One of the poems in the Exeter book, of uncertain date, but before the end
xxii PREFACE.
of the tenth century, mentions as a valued accomplish- ment the art of writing in fair characters.^
One can cunningly
word speech write.
w^lfric also himself in a sermon on Midlent Sunday, — " Oft one seeth fair letters awritten ; then extoUeth he " the writer and the letters, and wotteth not what they " mean. He who kenneth the diflference of the letters, " he extolleth the fairness, and readeth the letters, " and understandeth what they mean." Tlie honour remained to beautiful writing, but the writer did not stalk in so lofty a station. On the top margin of a page ^ of the Oxford copy of the Herd Book, or Liber Pastoralis, of King Alfred may be read these words, —
piUimoc ppio ]?uf ob^e bet,
that is, Willimot, lurite thus or hetter. A little further on,^
ppic ]?uf o^Se bet oS8e ];me hybe poplet,
Write thus or hetter, or hid good hye to thy hide, that is, get a good hiding. In an Harleian MS.^ there is a bit of nonsense, but the same idea of a hiding is uppermost ;
ppit ]?uf o'S^e bet pibe apeg.
seljinseppattap ox ]>u Jjilc ppmjan selppic cilb ;
Write tlius or hetter; ride away; ^Ifiiwrpattafox; thou wilt siuinge child uElfric. From these marginal scribblings it is plain that the penman had descended from his episcopal throne, to be a tipsy drudge, kept in order by the whip. Gild, " quem Bald conscribere " iussit," was nearer the whip than the crooked staff. ^^^^- The owner of the book, Bald, may be fairly presumed
to have been a medical practicioner, for to no other
• " Summse^ j-eapolice, " \>0]\b Cj'ibe jijiican."
C.E.42,14.
2 Fol. 53 a.
3 Fol. 55 b.
' Harl. 55, fol. 4 b.
PREFACE. xxiii
could such a book as this have had, at that time, much interest. We see then a Saxon leech here at his studies; the book, in a literary sense, is learned ; in a professional view not so, for it does not really advance mans know- ledge of disease or of cures. It may have seemed by the solemn elaboration of its diagnoses to do so, but I dare not assert there is real substance in it. Bald, however, may have got some good out of it, he may have learned to think, have begun to discriminate, to take less for granted. Thus we see him in his study, among his books becoming, for his day, a more ac- complished physician ; and he speaks with a genuine philosophs zeal about those his books. " nulla mihi tam " cara est optima gaza Quam cari libri :" fees and stored wealth he loved not so well as his precious volumes. If Bald was at once a physician and a reader of learned books on therapeutics, his example implies a school of medicine among the Saxons. And the volume itself bears out the presumption. We read in two cases ^ that " Oxa taught this leechdom ;" in another ^ that " Dun " taught it ;" in another " some teach us ;" ^ in another an impossible prescription being quoted ;^ the author, or possibly Cild, the reedsman, indulges in a little facetious comment, that compliance was not easy. I assume that Oxa and Dun were natives, either of this country or of some land inhabited by a kindred people. Any way, we make out, undoubtedly, a bookish study of medicine; the Saxon writers, who directly from the Greek, or through the medium of a Latin translation studied Trallianus, Paulus of ^gina, and Philagrios, were men of learning not contemptible, in letters, that is, not to say in pathology. Some of the simpler treatment is reasonable enough ; the cure of hair lip^ contains a true
> Lb. p. 120. 2 Lb. p. 292. ^Lb. p. 114.
* Ibid.
* Lb. L xiii.
xxiv PREFACE.
element; the application of vinegar with prussic acid^ for head ache is practical ; the great fondness for elecampane, Inula lieleniiiin, is parallel to the frequent employment, at the present day, of Arnica. But it would be vain to defend the prescriptions, some are altogether blunders, and the fashion of medical treatment changes so much that the prescriptions of Meade and Radcliffe are now- condemned as absurd. It suffices that Saxon leeches endeavoured by searching the medical records of foreign languages to qualify themselves for their profession.
Age. The character of the writing fixes, as far as I venture
on an opinion, this copy of the work to the former half of the tenth century ; some learned in MSS., who have favoured me v/ith an opinion, say the latter half, 960 to 980. My own judgment is chiefly based upon com- parison with books we know to have been written about 900.
KingiElfred. The inquisitiveness of men at that period about the methods in medicine pursued in foreign countries is illustrated by the very curious and interesting citation from Helias, patriarch of Jerusalem.^ The account given has strong marks of genuineness. We will assume that King iElfred had sent to Jerusalem requesting from the patriarch some good recipes ; for it would be not in the manner of mens ordinary dealings for the head of the church in the Holy Land to obtrude upon a distant king any drugs or advice of the kind. He returns then a recommendation of scamony, which is the juice of a Syrian convolvulus, of gutta ammoniaca, a sort of liquid volatile salts, of spices, of gum dragon, of aloes, of galbanum, of balsam, of petroleum, of the famous Greek compound preparation called S>jpajt»j, and of the magic virtues of alabaster.^ These drugs are good in themselves, and such as a resident in Syria would naturally recommend to others. The present author
> Lb. I. i. 10 and 12. I » On the Phoenician origin of this
2 Lb. p. 290. I -(vord, see SSpp. p. 285.
PREFACE.
XXV
drew his information, we may fairly suppose, from that handbook which tlie king himself kept, in which were entered '• flowers, culled from what masters soever," " without method/'^ "according as opportunity^- arose/' and which at length grew to the size of a psalter; whence also most likely came in due time the voj^age of 0th- here. It is very much the custom of the jiresent swarm of critics to drag up every old author to their modern standard of truth, to peer into dates, to sift, and weigh, and measure, and in short, to put an old tale teller into the witness box of a modern court of justice, and there teaze and browbeat him because they cannot half under- stand his simple talk, nor apprehend how small mat- ters, in a truthful story, the exact day of the week and the twentieth part of a mile become. When one writer of the Middle Ages copies another there com- monly arises a want of clearness in marking the tran- sitions from the text of the old author to the words of him who cites him. But in this case all seems smooth ; the man named was patriarch of Jerusalem ; he was contemporaneous with King Alfred, and the drugs he recommended were sold in the Syrian drug shops, or apothek^. I am, therefore, well pleased to claim for this volume the publication in type of a new fact about the inquiring watchfulness of that illustrious ruler.
Thus, Oxa, Dun, perhaps some others of the same Many sources, sort, and Helias, patriarch of Jerusalem, are sources of some of the teaching in this book. To these we may add a mixture of the Hibernian,'- and of the Scandinavian.^ Some of the recipes occur again in the Lacnunga and in Plinius Valerianus, who, from his motion* of the physician Constantinus, was later than
' Flosculos undecunque collectos a quibuslibet magitris, et in corpore unius libelli, mixiim quamvis, sicut tunc suppetebat recligerc,Asser. p. 57.
- Lb. p. 10, 1, xlv. .5. 3 Lb. L xlvi., J. Ixx. Ixxi., IIL Iviii.
•Fol. 14 b. 1.5 a.
XXVI PREFACE.
this work. Larsfe extracts and selections are made from the Greek writers. It is not to be expected that many will soon travel over the field of research which the present edition required, and it will be but fair to those who are examining the facts, to present them with, at least one passage as a specimen.
Hep] Xvyi/.Sv. 'O \vyf/.o<; ylvtrai v; Zia. irX'/j pec a- ii/^ '/j 5*a Kevuo'iv, '/j ^pt[A,euv y^vjAuv ^aKvovroiv tov (TTOjWaj^ov. dii/ e'ji^efievTwy navercci. 'KOAA.ot Se Kot TO ^icc rZv Tpiuv neitepeuv /aovov Xa/3ovTe?, iav evOeat; iirnvici)(7iv olvov Xvtfivcnv. oti Se /cat iiacjiOeipovTei; Tjve? rpo(priv Xv'CiOvutv ruv yivuaKOfjiiveov io-Ti. kou piyuaravTeq Ze itoXXo) Xv^oticrjy. tjOteTov f^ev ovv evp'/i<ro[A€v ainapKii; ia/xa tSv Sta ttX^So^ vj S^gtv Xv^ovrav. OepyMciacv 8e Tuv Ztcc, ^pv^iv. orav te ^tito wXy^pwerew? iiypuv yeuyjrai Xvy[j.oi;, ^ixia(; ZeTrai Kiviaeuq. toZto Se o TnapiAoi; ipyaX^eTui. tovi; 8e iiu K€i/uer€i XvyfAOvq ovk Icctooi iirccpjj.oq. AtZovcci Se t&^j Xv'^ova'iv Tir^yavov [a€t' ctvov vj vixpov eV i^eXiKpaiaj vj o"eo"£?it '/j OavKOV vj kv[a,iv(iV vj "^lyytSep v; KaXa.i/.ii/O'rjv vj vdpCiov KeXriK-^v. TOvTce, tuv ewt Ziac^Oopa aniuv 75 iiii ^pv^ea-iv ')} eVi itXyjpuuei /So'jj^vjjMaTa. To7q 8e viio ntX-^Oovi; Xv'^ov(7ty iiii xf/vy^^polq koi yXi<Ty^poii y^vfAoT^; Kacnopiov Tpiu^oXov S/Soii
Ttiveiv S' o^vKodrov, k.t.X. Paulus -^gin. lib. ii. cap. 56.
Translation. Of hiccupings. Hiccup comes on either by reason of re- pletion, or of emptiness, or of austere juices biting upon tlie stomach, and when these are vomited forth it ceases. Many also by only taking the medicine called " by the three " peppers," if immediately on that they swallow wine, hiccup. It is also a recognized fact, that some turning their food sour, hiccup ; and many also hiccup after shivering. We shall find then that a vomit is a sufficient cure for those who liiccui^ from repletion or irritation ; and the application of warmth for those that do so from chill. But when the hiccup comes on by fulness of moistures, it needs a violent evacuation ; and this sneezing produces ; but sneezing does not cure the hiccups which depend on emptiness. Give the sufferer from hiccup rue with wine, or nitre in sweetened wine, or seseli, or carrot, or cummin, or ginger, or calamintha, or Keltic valerian. These arc proper for the cases in which food turns sour on the stomach, or for chill, or for emptiness. But for those that suffi^r by repletion Avith cold and viscid humours, give cas- toreum, three obols worth, and to drink some oxymel, etc.
PREFACE.
XXVll
This is to be compared with Lb. I. xviii. The cor- respondence is so close as to leave no doubt but that the work before us drew from Paulus, or from one of the Greek authors, from whom he compiled his work. The number of passages the Saxon thus draws from the Greek is great ; they would make perhaps one fourth of the first two books, and the question of course occurs strongly to the mind whether they came direct from the study of Greek manuscripts.
At first sight a passage ^ which says that the ficus Internal in the eyes is called *' on Iseben" chymosis, may seem *^^''^°^°°^' to resolve the question as that this author copied Latin works. So it may have been ; but the place is not conclusive, those words may come from Oxa, Dun, or other writers of the native school of medicine ; or Iseben, leben, may be used as it often is in a loose sense for language,^ foreign language. It is not at this point, that it will repay our trouble to stay for consideration : we shall much more profitably form an opinion whether the Saxon leeches in general had access to the sense of the Greek authors, than whether in particular the author of these books knew anytliing of them. If the best men among our leeches of the tenth century could avail themselves of what Paulus of /Egina, Alexander of Tralles, and Philagrios wrote, that will suffice to raise our estimate of that day into approbation.
M. Brecliillet Jourdain ^ has shewn that in those Greek early days, before the invention of printing, the wise beaming, men of the middle ages possessed Latin translations of Aristoteles. There was therefore no reason for their not possessing other authors. Some am.ong them were able to translate, some to speak Greek. The Byzantine authors in our own hands come down to a late date.
' Lb. p. 38.
- Ealle his rpjieca'S an lyben, Genesis xi. 6.
' Recherches critiques sur Page et origine des traductions Latines. d'Aristote. Paris. 1819.
XXVI] 1
PREFACE.
Now if an Italian or a Frenchman could acquire Greek, and translate into Latin, a Saxon might do the same. Beda' tells of Theodorus the archbishop, and abbot Hadrianus, that they collected pupils, taught them ver- sification, astronomy, and the ecclesiastical arithmetic of the computus, and some remained while Beda wrote who were acquainted with the Greek and Latin lan- sruaeres as well as with their own.^ Further on ^ Beda gives an example of one of these disciples, Albinus, who understood Latin not less than his own language, English, with not a little Greek. Of Tobias, bishop of Rochester, another of these pupils, he saj^s * that he knew the Greek and Latin languages as familiarly as his own.
King /Elfred and .zElfric both lament the decay of learning consequent upon the invasions of the Danes. Of the works translated from the Latin, by order of Alfred and by his confidential servants or by himself, some are, in scattered passages, turned rather literally than correctly ; some are executed with great spirit, and even improved in the version. ^Elfric himself is a very pleasing translator, he kept his own faculties alive in the execution of his tasks ; thus he translates dactyli, dates, as finger apples, plainly shewing that Greek words were known to him ; it is also striking to find him cor- recting Bedas error, "lutr?e,"^ otters, the quadrupeds out of the sea, which came and warmed St. Cu"Sberhts feet with their breath, into " seals." ^
I have shown, by the curious pieces published in the preface to the first volume of the Leechdoms, that in
• Beda, Hist. Eccl. IV. ii.
* Latinam Grcccamque linguam aeque ut propriam in qua nati sunt norunt. The Saxon interpreter gives a full emphasis to seque ut ; that ■will bear softening down in this late Latin.
^ Beda, V. xx., p. 209, line 11.
* Beda V. xxiii. Ita Grsecam quoque cum Latina didicit linguam, ut tarn notas ac familiares sibi eas, quam nativitatis suje loquelam haberet.
* Beda, p. 237. « Hom. I. 138.
PREFACE. Xxix
a fair practical sense, for tlie purpose they had in view, pupils in old England receive! instruction in Greek, and though learning decayed in times of distress, still there existed some who wished to acquire this know- ledge, and some who were willing to give it. Some day the monstrous compounds, and the absurd spellings of our scientific nomenclature, pretending to be Greek, and a dozen other weak points of the day on this subject, will be regarded as proofs of barbarism.
It appears, therefore, that the leeches of the Angles and Saxons had the means, by personal industry or by the aid of others, of arriving at a competent knowledge of the contents of the works of the Greek medical writers. Here, in this volume, the results are visible. They keep, for the most part, to the diagnosis and the theory ; they go back in the prescriptions to the easier remedies ; for whether in Galenos or others three was a chapter on the svTrogio-Ta, the "parabilia," the resources of country practitioners, and of course, even now, expensive medicines are not prescribed for poor patients.
On the margin of the pages are some private marks, I'rivate marks, such as may be observed on the facsimile page. The pm'port of these marks is evident at fol. 56 a., chap. Ixxv., which has something near a H with " totum " ; again, at Ixxvi. with " totum," at fol. 5Q b., chap. Ixxx., the figure in the middle of the facsimile margin with " uotum," fol. 57 a., top line of Ixxxiii. an I. nearly, with " corum." These were plainly memoranda secretly indicating the author from whom the passages so marked were taken, and " totum " means that the whole article was taken from that source. The token nearly an I. occurs at fol. 9 b., at the beginning of ii. ; again at fol. 31 a., at the end of the folio ; again at I. Ixxxiii. with " totum " and the Roman numeral xviii. twice ; again at fol. 94 b., line 8, eye to milre feocum men ; again at fol. 126 b., to chapter Ixvii. These references VOL. IT. c
XXX PREFACE.
contain a problem, which, in our imperfect knowledge of the works of the physicians of the lower empire, is, it seems, beyond solution. If the prescription of celan- dine for the eyes, Lb. I. ii. be supposed to have been derived from Marcellus 272 g., then the other passages cannot, as far as, after repeated examination I see, be discovered in that author. A mark which comes near to F. is set, in the MS., over against the words pi^ eajna mifre, fol. 10 b., line 3, and it does not occur again ; compare Marcellus 272 b. It adds to the diffi- culty of the investigation, that recipes became a tradi- tion passing from one author to another. A cypher rather differing from H., which I will call h., occurs at fol. 10 b. at the words 6j:t piS 'Son ilcan cele]?onian : nearly the same on the same folio, towards the end, at Gyt finolej'. That this prescription is found in Plinius Valerianus does not help us. Another like a plummet line, sometimes as in the facsimile, and at fol. 30 b. for angnail, with a ring at top, sometimes with a cross line, as at fol. 30 b., line 4. Tip nsejl fie, is so much like that called I., that it may be meant for the same name. There is another like F. reversed, occurring at ol. 11 a. 6]:t pyj-laj', also at fol. 32 a., towards the end of the leaf, J^onne Ipu j:yp, at fol. 55 b. as in the facsimile, twice with a shght difference, at fol 56 b. top line, with another small variation, at fol. 57 b. at last line but one ; at fol. 94 a., ejzt jenim ipiep leap ; at fol. 125 b., by the third line of chapter Ixiiii., with these words, " quia omni potu et omni medicinfe maleficia- " torum et demoniacoi-um a[d]miscenda est aqua bene- " dicta, et psalmis et orationibus vacandum est, sicut " in hoc capitulo plene docetur." At fol 31 b. by the word eallunja is a mark with a blot, meant probably for I. At fol. 55 h. jip ]7u pdle, at 55 b., as in fac- simile, at 56 a., chapter Ixxv. Ixxvi, is a sign like H., with legs of varied length, thus running into re- versed F. At folio 5G b., chapter Ixxxii,, is an orna-
PREFACE. XXXI
mented cross ; this occurs but once. At fol, 94 a., chapter xli., the mark I. is three times repeated III. The marginal bimitce, fol. 108 b,, means that the scribe was gettingf his task done : he was not aware of the ad- ditional book III. If these signs refer to native treatises, unknown to us, and now irrecoverable, they go to illus- trate the existence of an English school of teaching medicines ; as do the expressions " as leeches ken," not of rare occurrence.
Besides these marks and signs as given above, we More cypher,
find at fol. 30 b. by the end of the sentence, bo plytan
ro, etc., in chapter xxxiv., some writing in cypher, thus : —
and again at fol. 89 b., chapter xxxiv., thus : —
■l.fM pJMIf'-
! /- I
The key to writing of this sort has never been pub- lished, and now for those who are skilled in such matters an account of it shall be given,
The letters were divided into groups, and these, of The^iaw of this course, were at the discretion of every man severally, as regarded their number and how many letters they miglit contain. The groups, first, second, third, and so on were commonly denoted by dots ; the upstrokes shewed by their number what place in the group each letter held. Thus, to spell Oxa, if the first gi-oup began at A, and contained six letters, then the second would begin at H, and if it contained eight letters, omitting J as not ancient, then the third gToup would begin at Q, and might go on, combining U and V, to the end ; so that Oxa would be thus spelt : —
.'/////// -••//////■/
XXXll PIIEFACE.
and ]Juii would he, thus : —
•//// //////. 7/////
Some of the first letters in the specimens before us have no dot, and may perhaps be reckoned from the beginning;, A.
Another method employed a line of dots instead of upstrokes, so that Oxa appeared, if the groups of letters remained the same, thus : —
and Dun thus
In his Thesaurus, Hickes and his associate Wanley give other methods employed by the Saxons, of which a common one was to employ the next following letter to that meant, so that Oxa would be Pyb, and Dun, Evvo. These devices, which have in them something of the quality of riddles and conundrums, were as amusing to the idle mind in old times as they are now. When among the varied accomplishments with which men are gifted, we read in the Codex Exoniensis,
yum bi]? life lienbij to apjiitanne popb jejij^no, (hie is cunning handy to awrite ivord mysteries,
we have an allusion to this art of secret writinsr, or to its kindred riddle puzzles.
There is but little encouragement to unravel these marginal marks of the Leechbook, since the two speci- mens afford us but a very scant basis for inductive reasoning. But, doubtless, when laid before the inqui- sitive eyes of restless men, they may naturally give rise to some unhappy conjectures.
Norse clement. Perhaps in dissecting the curious mosaic work of this Leechbook, we may be as much struck by the Old Dansk, or as people now sa^'^, Norse element in the words Torbegete, Rudniolin, 0ns woi'm, and the
PREFACE. xxxiii
herb .Foniots palui, as by its Irish admixture, or its Greek and Latin basis, or its fran'raents from Kinji" iElfreds handbook.
The third book of tlie volume is a separate produc- Third book, tion from the two former. This is evident by the colophon at the end of the second, declaring who owned, and who wrote the book, and by the word " dimitte " in the margin of the last section, indicating the approach of a close. This other l)Ook, then, is generally of the same tone as the preceding ; a marginal mark, as men- tioned above, is the same as stands by the side of some recipes given earlier, and the monkish habit of saying some good words over the sick is as ready to show itself. We may therefore conclude it to be, at least, of the same age ; possibly by the same hand as the other two.
On the whole, this work brings into a clear strong light, the plentiful supply of good English food for the brave appetites of the AngulSeaxe, the large importation of foreign wine and ale and plenteous brew of potent homo beer and ale and mead, the mulled and honeyed drinks for weaker palates ; the colleges of leechcraft, the Greek and Latin medical studies of the most eminent teachers, the wide and far back traceable herboristic traditions, the far and wide inquiries of King ..Alfred and men of his time like him, and it will prove every way a most valuable work to the student of English an- tiquity.
In the preface to Vol. I. a few pages were devoted to an examination of some points of grammar ; these were, of course, to some extent a precaution against idle cavils and ignorant criticism of the translation. The same considerations make it desirable to set forth a few more simple observations and to support them by examples.
It seems clear enough that the modern system of Long vowels, marking long vowels by an accent is not in harmony
xxxiv
PREFACE.
with ancient authorities ; a long syllable often gets the accent, Ijut a short vowel also is frequently found to take one.^ The manuscripts have a method unexcep- tionable, and discriminative, of showing that a vowel is long by writing that vowel twice, and in some words that mode of spelling prevails now. They give us, oc- casionally, 300b, good, boom, doom, " aam, cautere,"^ (whence we may conclude that the cognate Oman, will have O long,^) aac, oal; pus, ^vise,'^ and so forth. The information contained in this device of our forefathers has not yet attracted a due share of notice ; for example, tlie word Si8, a fcdli, deriving itself probably from the same source as Semita, becomes in the Moesogothic Sinjj-, and has been supposed to exhibit a vowel necessarily, as before two consonants, short by nature ; thus producing a short I in the old English. But Si5 we know to have a long vowel by the spelling SiiS.^ It is not true that a Teutonic or Old English vowel before two consonants is necessarily short. Some glos- saries throw the alphabet into confusion for the sake of giving short A first, then long A. Mislead by accentual marks, the compilers presume that the prefix A must be long, whereas the tradition of our language, as in Afraid, Abroad, Abased, and the short vowel of the particles which it generally represents, prove that in those instances it is short. Where A represents An, one, as in Ajiaeb for Anjiseb, constant, the case may be different. In the parallel case of Un- the prefix, the Greek Av-, the Latin In-, the vowel is undoubtedly short, but in pronunciation it has an accent, as in Unknown, and it is frequently found accented in the MSS. Nothing but a notion that the language of
• Vol. I. pp. xciv., xcv.
2 Gl. C.
' See also the Glossary.
•" Beda, .547. 16.
''Beda, 571. 34. See Layamon,
25836, 25837. In Bir, Moritz, Heyne has marked the vowel long, rightly. We have also Gesii'S, but Gesi-S'^as.
PREFACE. XXXV
iElfric and Alfred is dead could encourage a foreigner to such experiments.
It is said by those who had opportunities of know- Accents, ing, that the painful accentual system devised by the late J. M. Kemble was abandoned by him before his death. It was, indeed, opposed to the elementary laws of vocalization ; for it is known to all, who have gone fully into the subject, that a prefix, if accented itself, affects the accentuation and the vocalization of any word with which it is compounded. The subject might be largely illustrated and its essential laws developed from the Oriental languages ; but I will confine my- self to that which is now before us. There can be no reasonable doubt but that 'pilbe, wild, and Deep, deer, were pronounced with the vowels long, and the ridiculous theory that a vowel before two consonants is short by nature, can mislead but few ; it amounts to this, that we never could say Beast, Least, but must pro- nounce those words, Best, Lest. These two words pdbe, Deop, being compounded and formed into one, retained the accent and full sound on the syllable most impor- tant to the sense, and may be found in the genitive singular under the form pilbpey.^ Thus the aflix Deoji lost its proper accent because a more powerful claim- ant had become it close neighbour. Another example is found in pitan, to vepvoacli, which, as appears from Layamon," had its vowel by nature long. This word is often compounded with the preposition Mc, which by defect of grammatical knowledge among the old penmen commonly appears as eb- ; Layamon ^ exhibits the compound still retaining the long vowel ; but the Paris Psalter ^ spells ebpitt:, where, according to the
CE, 258, line 10. Layamon, 21311.
* Ofte heo heom on smiten, Ofte heo heom atwiten.
Layamon, 2G584. ' Psalm cxviii. 39.
XXXVl
PREFACE.
Letters.
Genders,
Gorman way of talking, the second t is " inorganic," and serves only to mark the shortness of the vowel. Under this form the word is our Twit.
Enough has been said to show that the length of the vowels in Saxon English is a very wide subject, and to justify the postponement of any decisions in the Glossary.
In our oldest manuscripts jwjin often occurs where it is the custom to print T. Rejp'S, led, rest, Luj-^, 'pleasure, lust, and a hundred others are examples : the superlatives end in J^orn, as ^ ag^eley^e mseben, the very noble maiden, the participles also. In the Codex Exoniensis the editor removed these features of antiquity ; they offended him ; and wore not ac- cording to Rask.^ If any such occur in the present volume they are preserved ; they are not dialectic, but archaic.
In genders the glossaries are untrustwortliy ; thus, the most recent is found, as regards the few words common to both, much wrong, when compared with the citations in that at the end of this volume. It is unsafe to trust compounds with je-, for the gen- ders of the simples, for Ge- being a form of Con- and collective, its com])ounds are found to have a tendency to run into the neuter." Simples cannot always be relied on for the gender of the compound ; all moderns take poppyjib for a feminine, after pyj^^, but in a wide scope of unpublished materials I have always found it neuter.^ Occasionally a new principle comes in, and by attrac- tion the article agrees with the former element in the compound, instead of the latter ; hence pserejieebpe
' For example, Gebiej-jaS, Gepel- 1 •' Tja cncoj>holen, Lb. I. xlvii. .3,
Sa'S, p. .358; I'cob', p. 3.57. Ahpe- ol'eS, p. :r.)7 ; Blse'S, p. .",10.
- Thus Sp)i£ec is feminine, fJe- I'ppxc, neuter.
perliaps makes kneeholly neuter ; or else Tpa, is tivo parts. This remark slioukl have appeared in the Glossary.
PREFACE. XXXvii
appears as neuter ; Sibpsejic,' feminine. Hence the Codex Exoniensis prefers to write J? jrlsej'cliojib.-
Numorals admit of a substantive in the sino-ular, so Numerals with tliat our traditional expressions, Twelvemonth, a Six '' ^'°''" ^'"" foot rule, he weighs Twelve stone, are correct accord- ing to ancient usage."' Distinction must be drawn be- tween masculineSj which had a plural in s, and feminines, as Night in Fortnight, or neuters, as in Five pound note. Twelve horse power, for these had in ancient time no s in the plural. Thus xii. mona];,'* ]?pie cuclep;' did not require remark : similarly rpejen fsetel]" yull ealaS,*"' nijantyne pmreji "j cjwjen mona]?," iv. mona]),^ and the MS. reading in Beowulf, 4342," may stand.
Examples are not very rare in other works beside Idiomatic this Leeclibook, when of a set of words under one opposition, regimen, those that come last in order appear in the nominative, that is, in no regimen at all. Thus fopSpepbum Deuj'bebit; j-e Ajicebij'ceop, defuncto Deus- dedit archieiyiscopo}'^ Fejibe |>a fi^San • -j jejretce senne mpej'j'eppeoj'C policajipup jehaten • halij peji -j jfnocop,^^ which would be literally, Deinde 'pTofectus attulit 'pmshyterii')n, 'policarpus appellatus, vIt sanctus atque prudens. ba seteopbe j-ebaj-tianup on ypgepne anjie pubepan • lucma jecijeb ppi^e jepjzsefc man,'- which would ])e equivalent to, Tvmc apparuU Sehastianus in somnio viduro cuidam, Lucina nominata, homo valde ndigiosa. This, when it comes to be acknow- ledged generally, may be called Idiomatic ap])Osition.
Harsh transitions in pronouns from plurals to sin- gulars, and back again, are not peculiar to this work ;
' Lb. p. 260, line 1. " OT, 256.
- CE, 373, line 3. ■' So in Gemian. ' Lib. ni. xviii.
' Lb, I. xvi. 2. Tpybsel, Lb. T. i. 3, viii. 2, is a compound.
Beda, 539. 23. ■* Beda, 564. 13. ■' Thorpe, 4355. '" Beda, p. 503. line 6, " MFT. 32 a.
VOT-. Tf. d
XXXVlll PREFACE,
tliey are found in others of an earlier date, bearing episcopal names for their authors.
I desire again to acknowledge many courtesies and kindnesses at Cambridge, Oxford, the Corpus Library, and that of the British Museum.
0. C.
December, 180 4.
ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.
*' Page 60, sect, xviii., line 2. for cican read cilian.
Page 130, sect. Ix., line l.for fealye read j-ealj-e.
Page 1 74, line 24. for momse read momse.
Page 194, line W.for Taen read Tacn. ' Page 210, line 18. >• blobejj read blobej-. ' (^^^i^^■•'' i£B^ $y^-\c^r^ ; «?& a^^^-^^ ye^ia.... ' Page 224, sect, xxviii., line \.for ugepjie read uj-ejijie.
Page 292, note 2. add, " they are possibly a corrupt representation of •' i€pa fioravt]."
Page 324, sect, xxx., line 4. pubupeaxaii is one word.
Page 349, line 29. 07401.
Page 391, glossary, v. IJeaji. Cf. |^elanb gepojic ne sefjuccS monna aenigum Sajia '5e mimmins can heapne gehealban. (Fragments printed by Prof. Stephens.) The Wieland work will fad no man, who kennelh to wield biting Mimming, where the editor reads heapne as hoar.
LEECH BOOK.
VOL. II.
[L^CE BOC.]^
fol. 1 a. .1. L^EE DOMAS - piD eallum untjiymnej-j-um
heapbef "j hpanan ealley je liealfej' heajrbef ece cume • •j clsepnunja -j fpilmj pi 5 hjium -j jillifejium to heapbej' heelo • -j liu mon pcyle jebpocenep heapbey tihgean "j jip 'past bpsejen ut fie. :•
.II. Lsecebomaj' piS eallum tiebejinej'j'um eajena • piS eajna mifce je ealbey je jeonjep mannep "j hpanan f cume -j pi]? pile "j piS eajna teapum -j pi8 pemme on eajum • pi5 repmselum • -j pp mon fupeje pie • pi^ poccef on eajum 'j piS jepijom -j pij? pyjvmum on eajum -j eajpealpa selcef cynnep.
.ni. Lsecebomaf piS eallum eapena ece -j fape • yip eapena beape • "j piS ypelpe^ hlyfre • ^ jip pyjimap on eapan pyn -j pi]? eajiptcjan^ "j jip eajian bynien -j ea]i pealpe asleep cyimep. fol. 1 b. .nil. Lsececpseptap pi]? healpjunbe -j hu J7U meaht
jecunman hp?e]?eji hit liealpjunb fie -j f fio abl ip tpejea cynna oj^ep on ]?am ^eajle o]?ep on ]?8e]ie Spotan pyptbpenc -j pealp pi}? ]?on • 'j ]n]? ceacena fpyle -j pi^ fpeojico]?e -j jeajlep fpyle.
' See II. xlii. contents. | ' Wanley reads eappicgaj-. The
- This first page of the MS. has I text seems to my eyes to be as I
suffered somewhat fi-om time and use. have given it; picsjan occurs I.
^ This reading makes hlyfc femi • I Ixi, 2.
nine. See the text. '
MS. Reg. 12. I), xvii.
LEECH BOOK.'
i. Leeclidoms against all infii-mlties of the head, and Contents. whence comes ache of all or of the half" head,^ and cleansings and swilling against filth and ratten to the health of the head ; and how one must tend a broken head, and liov) if the brain be out.
ii. Leechdoms against all tendernesses of the eyes, against mist of the eyes, either of an old or of a young man, and whence that comes, and against white spot and against tears of eyes, and against speck on eyes, against imminutions, and if a man be blear- eyed, against pocks on eyes, and against "figs/'* and against w^orms, or insects; and eye salves of every kind.
iii. Leechdoms against all ache and sore of ears, against deafness of ears, and against ill hearing, and if worms be in the ears, and against earwigs, and if the ears din, and ear salves of every kind.
iv. Leechcrafts against neck ratten,^ and how thou mayest ascertain whether it be neck ratten, and that the disease is of two sorts, either in. the jowl or in the throat, and a wort drink and a salve for that, and for swellings of the jaws and for quinsy, and for swelling of the jowl.
' See II. xlii. contents. I ' A disease so called, sties, wisps.
■ Or megrim (piniKpavia). i ' Probably from scrofula.
ijniKpaviov.
A 2
4 LiECE BOC.
.V. Lsecebomaj" 5 if mannej' mu8 ]"a]i jne je tybjieb "j pi]? jeblejnabpe tunjan mu]> fealj: pi|> ]?oii ilcan. Pi8 fultim opoSe • III. l?ecebomap.
.VI. Liecebomal" piS toj^psepce • "j ^'ly pypni to]? ete -j to]>pealpa • ept pi8 ]?ain iipejian ro]? ece -j piS ]7am ni]jeppan. :•
.VII. Lsecebom jip mon blob lipsece. :•
.VIII. Lsecebomap piS bloBce on -jphtan •j bpip pi]? j7on ilcan -j pealp ealpa peopep. :•
.vim. Lsecebomap jip men ypne blob op nebbe ept blobpetena je on to bmbanne je on eape to bonne je liopfe je men ealpa* X. :•
.X. Lfecebom pi]? jefnote • 'j yip jepoftim.
.XI. Lsecebomap pi]? pajium peolopum. :•
.XII. Lsecebom piS peam^ mu]?e -j piS ceolan fpyle* fol. 2 a. ]7py Isecebomap. :•
.XIII. Lsecebom pi]? hseppceapbe.
[XIV.] Lsecebom pi]? j-eaban.^ :■
[xv.] Lsecebomap piS lipol'ran hu he mi]"penlice on man becymS -j hu hip man tilian fcyle ^j pyptbpencaf pij? hpofran -j jn]? anjbpeofce *j bpyjum hpofcan enb- lepan C]ise}:tap. :•
[xvi.] .xiiii. Lsecebomaf pi6 bpeof-c psepce • iiii. cjisepraf.
[xvii.] .XV. Lsecebomap pi]? heoptpsepce • v. cpaep- taf. :•
[xviii.] .XVI. Lsecebomap pi]? ]?am miclan 5ic]?an -j hu he cymS op acolobum majan o]?]?e to fpi"Se hatum o^Se op to micelpe pylle o]?}?e Isepnepj-e o]?]?e op ypelpe psetan plitenbpe -j hu hif mon tilian pcyle piS selc ]?apa. :•
' In text jjouum, for jiohum. [ - j-ea'San ; text.
LEECH BOOK. T. 5
V. Leechdoms if a mans moutli be sore or made Contents. tender, and for a blained tongue, a mouth salve for tlie same. For foul breath ; three leechdoms.
vi. Leechdoms for tooth ache, and if a worm eat the tooth, and tooth salves. Again for tlie upper tootli ache and for the nether.
vii. Leechdom if a man break up blood.
viii. Leechdoms for a blotch on the face, and brewit' for the same, and a salve. Four in all.
ix. Leechdoms if blood run from a mans nose. Again blood stoppings, either to bind on or to put on the ear ; either for horse or man. Ten in all.
X. Leechdom for snot and for poses.^
xi. Leechdoms for sore lips.
xii. Leechdom for wry mouth and for swelling of tlie gullet. Three leechdoms.
xiii. A leechdom for hair lip.
[xiv.] A leechdom for xx6dcuv;c, watery fluctuations.'^
[xv.] Leechdoms against host ;* how it variously comes on man, and how a man shall treat it ; and wort drinks for host and for oppression on the chest and dry cough. Eleven receipts.
[xvi.] xiv. Leechdoms for breast wark.^ Four re- ceipts.
[xvii.] XV. Leechdoms for heart wark. Five re- ceipts.
[xviii.] xvi. Leechdoms for the great hicket, and how it arises from a chilled stomach, or a much too hot one, or of too much fullness, or of leerness,^ or of evil wet ' wounding, and how a man shall treat it ; against each of them.
' The lomeiituin of the Roman women, a paste of pulse, generally of lentils ; women used it to im- prove their complexions, and it was eatable though unsavoury.
^ See II. xxxix.
' Host, couyh. pronounced with o short.
• Wark is pain. " Einpline-is.
- Colds in the head. i ' Humour^
L^CE BOC.
[xix.] .XVII. Lfeceboma)- ]>ij; pla3tan -pejen sejjele. :• .XX. Lsecebomaj' yip j'culboji psepce • iii. cpreftaf.
.XXI. LaBcebomaf pi^ j^sejie fpiSpan )'iban fape -j Jjsepe pmefrjian pyx cjiseptaj". :■
.XXII. La3cebomap pi8 lenbenece peopep. :•
.XXIII. Lsecebomaf pi]? ]7eoliece tpejen -j an pi]? ]?on ■^ly ]?eoli plapan. fol. 2 b. . xxiiii. Lsecebomap pi]? cneop psepce *j jip cneop fap
lie. r.
.XXV. Lseceboma)' pi]> fcancena j-ape -j jip fcancan popabe fynb o]?]?e o]>ep I'lm peopep cp^eptaf 'j hu mon fpelcean pcyle. :•
^Eeadfino. .XXVI. LsBcebomaf pp fma pcpmce -j septep J»am fie
pap oSSe fpelle oSSe jip monnep pot ro hommum fcpimme "j fcpmce "j jip fmo clseppette -j cpacije eallep peopep cpfepraf. :•
.XXVII. Lsecebomaf pi]? potece o}?]?e o]?pep limep o]?]?e pota jefpelle pop miclan janje • VI. cpa3p[ta]']. :•
.XXVIII. Lac?eboma]' pi]? ban ece "j pealp "j bpenc }?py cpseptap }?8ep pynb. :•
.xxviiii. Lsecebomaf jip mannej' jerapa beo]? fape o]?]?e a}>unbene ]?py cpseptap. :•
.XXX. Lsecebomaf pi}> secelman -j pi]? Son Se men acale ]?se'c pel op ]?am pottim. :•
.XXXI. Lsecebomap pi}? selcum lieajibum J'lnje o})]?e fpyle o]?]?e jefpelle -j pi]? selcpe ypelpe fpellenbpe psetan ■j pi]?innan jepyjifmebum jefpelle ]?am ]?e pyp'S op pylle oSSe op pleje o]?]?e op hpypca^ hpilcum -j pi]> fpiSe fol. 3 a. pseplicum fpylurn 'j pi]? beabum fpyliim "j pealpse -j
bpencaf -j fpe\>m^e -j bse}? pi}? eallum lichoman fpylum ealpa Iseceboma tpam Isep ]?piti3. :•
' Text hpicj-ca : read hpicj-a ?
LEECH BOOK. \. 7
[xix.] xvii. Leechdoms against nausea. Two noble Contents. ones.
XX. Leechdoms against shoulder wark. Three re- ceipts.
xxi. Leechdoms for sore of the right side and of the left. Six receipts.
xxii. Leechdoms for loin ache. Four.
xxiii. Leechdoms for thigh ache, two ; and one in case the thighs be benumbed.^
xxiv. Leechdoms for knee wark, and if the knee be sore.
XXV. Leechdoms for sore of shanks, and if shanks be broken, or another limb. Four receipts, and how a man shall apply splints to it.
xxvi. Leechdoms if a sinew shrink, and after that be sore or swell, or if a mans foot shram ^ to the hams and shrink, and if a sinew have pulsation and quake. In all four receipts.
xxvii. Leechdoms for foot ache or swelling of another limb or of the feet, by reason of much travel. Six receipts.
xxviii. Leechdoms for leg ache, and a salve, and a drink. There are three receipts for it.
xxix. Leechdoms if a mans tools be sore or swollen. Three receipts.
XXX. Leechdoms against chillblain, and in case that for a man the skin of the feet be chilly.
xxxi. Leechdoms for every hard thing or swelling or tumour, and for every evil swelling humour and tumour purulent within, such as groweth of a fall or of a blow or of any crick, and for very sudden swellings and for dead swellings without sensation, and salves and drinks and swathings and baths for all swellings of the body. Of all these leechdoms thirty less by two {tiventy-eight).
' Exactly, incapable of rmiscular ] '■' Be drmvn up. actiov. I
8 L^CE BOC.
.XXXII. Lsecebomaf picS J;am yj-'lan blaece hu man ]?a fealjra -j ba})u ^j bpencay pi]; Son pypcean pcyle -j pij; hpeopum lice *j piS abeabebum lice bpej? "j fealpa pi J? ]jon • btej? -j pealpa "j bpencaf pi)? I^am miclan lice -j fpile eallep piptyne Isecebomaf.
.XXXIII. LEecebomap ^ bjiencaf -j yealpa *j [onjlejua pi]? fppmje je abeabebum je unbeabebum • viii. cptep- •caf.
.XXXIV. Lsecebom jip nsejl fy op lianba -j pi]? an^- nsejle -j pi]? peapjbjiseban. :•
.XXXV. Lsecebomap micle *j sepele be afpeajitebum "j abeabebum lice "j hpanan fio abl cume *j bu hi]'^ mon rilian pcyle jTp f lie to ]?on lpi]?e abeabije f ]?8e]i jepelnep on ne fy • -j liu mon ]? beabe blob apej penian pcyle • -j jip litm mon Itm opceojipan fcyle oSSe pyji onpecran hu f mon bon scyle • bjupaj- ^j bpenceaj' ■j pealpa pi]? ]?8e]ie able. :•
. XXXVI. Lsecebomap piS ]?8ejxe able ]?e mon hast cipcul
fol. 3 h. a.bl bpip "j bjiencaf *j pealpa ]>8et ip fpi]?e pjieonu" abl *j
hep pej]? hpilcne mete oJ?]?e bjiincan mon fcyle on
]?8epe able popjan. :•
.XXXVII. LtEcebomap pi]? Son jtp mon ne mseje hip micjean jehealban -j ]??epe ^epealb naje 'j jip he ^e- mijan ne mseje *j jip he blobe vai-i^e • -j jlp ptp on ]?on tebpe fie • Xllll. Isecebomaf :•
.XXXVIII. Lsececpgeptap -j boljpealpa -j bpencaf pi]? eallum punbum -j clfenfunjura on telce pipan je piS ealbpe punbe tobpocenpe *j jip ban bpyce on heapobe fie • "j piS liunbep j'lite • "j boljfealp piS lunjen able -j pi]? mnan punbe pealp • -j pealp jip ]?u paSe piUe lytle punbe lacnian -j jtp mon mib ipene jepunbob fie • oJ?J?e inib tjieope jeplejen • o]?pe inib frane -j ept fealpa jTp
' 111]- refers to lie. | - Read ipecnii.
LEECH BOOK. T
9
xxxii. Leeclidoms against the evil lilotcli, how a man Contents. shall work salves and baths and drinks against it, and for a leprous body and for a deadened body, a bath and salves for them. Baths and salves and drinks for the mickle body, elephantiasis, and swelling. In all fifteen loechdoms.
xxxiii. Leeclidoms and drinks and salves and ap- plications for pustules, either deadened or undeadened. Eight receipts.
xxxiv. A leechdom if a nail be off a hand, and against angnails, and against warty eruptions.
XXXV. Leeclidoms mickle and excellent for a swarth- ened and a deadened body, and whence the disease Cometh, and how a man shall treat it, if the body be deadened to that decjree that there be not feelinsf in it ; and how a man shall wean the dead blood away, and if it be desired to cut off a limb from the sick man or apply fire,^ how it shall be performed. Brewits'- and drinks and salves for the disease.
xxxvi. Leechdoms for the disease which is called circle addle or shmgles ; brewit and drinks and salves. This is a very troublesome disease, and here saith (our book) what meat or drink a man shall in this disease forego.
xxxvii. Leechdoms in case a man may not retain his mie,* and have not command of it, and if he may not ^ Urine, mie, and if he mie blood ; and if a wife (woman) be tender in that respect. Fourteen leechdoms.
xxxviii. Leechcrafts and wound salves and drinks for all wounds and all cleansings {discharges) in every wise, and for an old broken wound, and if there be bone breach on the head, and for a tear by a dog ; and a wound salve for disease of the lungs, and a salve for an inward wound ; and a salve if thou wilt cure a little wound quickly, and if a man be wounded with iron, or struck with wood, or with
The cautery.
I - See viii
10 L^CE BOC.
men ym lim oj: lime opaylejen finjeji o]j]7e j:6r o]>\)e hanb • oSSe j'l}: meaph ' u~e fie "j jij: bolh fulije ealpa }:]iam pjiuman yeopep 'j J'pi'ciS Iteceboma.
.xxxvilll. Lsecebomaf piS selcep cynnej- omum "j
fol. 4 a. onpeallum -j banco]?um • pi]> ur ablejnebum omum ^j
pi]? omena jebepfce • "j piS omum o]:ep hatum -j piv3
peonbum omum f ly pc • bpencaf "j pealpa pi]? eallum
omum ealpa trpani Itep J'pi'ciS- :•
.XL. Lsecebomaf *j bpencaf -j pealpa pi]? poc able ealpa lyxe. :■
.XLI. Lsecebomap })py 9e]?ele pi]? mnan onpealle "j omum. :■
.XLii. Lfecebomaf pi]? 'Stepe jeolpan able "j franbse]? •j pi}? jeal able fio cymiS op )?{epe jeolpan able • fio bi}? abla picufc abirepaS pe liclioma eall 'j ajeolpa}? fpa 50b jeolo feoluc. :■
.XLiii. Lsecebomaf pi]? p?etep bollan. :•
.XLilil. Lsecebomaf pi'^ cancep able ]>gst: ip bice "j
fmepenej'pa -j j"ealp peopep cpsepca]'. :•
.XLV. Lsecebomaf -j bpencaf pi]? selcum attpe pi^
nsebpan j'leje -j bite 'j plire • -j pi]> ]?on jtp mon attep
3e]?iC5e • "j \)SdY baljan cpifrep ]?e5nej' lohannej- jebeb
-j jealbop "j eac o}?ep fcyctifc jecofc jealbo-^ jehpsej^eji
])i]? selcum attpe • pi]? pleoi;enbum attjie 'j fp3^1e -j
beopum boljum • jip lipa jebpmce pypm on psetepe
fol. 4 b. pij? J'on lsecebomaf • -j pp mon po-^bopen fie callep •
XX. cjisepta piS attpe. :•
.XLVI. Lsecebomaf jip ana pypm on men peaxe fealp bpenc -j clam pij? ]?on • v. lsecebomaf J?8ep fint. :•
' meah, MS.
LEECH BOOK. T. 11
stone ; and further salves if for a man a limb be Coxtexts. struck off from a limb, finger or foot or hand, or if the marrow be out, and if a wound get foul. Of all from the beginning four and thirty leeclidoms.
xxxix. Leechdoms against erysipelas of every kind and fellons, and bone diseases, for erysipelatous affec- tions accompanied by external blains, and for the bursting of erysipelatous cysts, and for excessively hot erysipelatous attacks, and for running erysipelas, that is the disease called "fig.' Drinks and salves for all sorts of erysipelatous affections. Thirty less by two.
xl. Leechdoms and drinks and salves for pock disease. In all six.
xli. Three excellent leechdoms for inward tubercles and erysipelas.
xlii, Leechdoms for the yellow disease,* and a stone ''•T^''i""'l'<^f- bath,* and for the gall disease which cometh of the yellow disease. This is of diseases the most powerful, the body becometh quite bitter and turnetli yellow, as good yellow silk.
xliii. Leechdoms for dropsy.
xliv. Leechdoms for the disease cancer, that is, " bite," and smearings and a salve. Four receipts.
xlv. Leechdoms and drinks against every poison, against stroke and bite and rend of snake ; and in case a man swallow poison, and a prayer of the holy thane of Christ, lohannes, and an incantation and also another Scottish approved incantation, in Gaelic or Erse, either of them against eveiy poison, against flying poison and swelling and deep gashes. If any one drink a worm^ in water, leechdoms against that ; and if a man be tied with a magic knot. In all twenty receipts against poison.
xlvi. Leechdoms if King 0ns worm wax on a man, a salve, a drink, and a plaster for that. There are five leechdoms of it.
* A stone bath was a vapour bath, water being thrown on heated stones. - Reptile.
12 l.MCE EOC.
.XLVII. Lascebomaf *j bjiencaf -j yealjra pi]? }>eopablum momjej' cynnej" pa becfcan pi]:* j^eoppypme on pet • XII. ealpa pi]> peoji ablum. :•
.XLVIII. Lsecebomaf pi]? J^am pyjimum ]?e mnan ejlaS monnum • "j pi}> pypmum ]7e on cilba mnojje beoj? *j ]>iS cilba mnoS pape ealjia cjifepta • XII. pi]:* J>am. :•
.XLVIIII. L?scebom on funbpon anlipij pi]? ]?am fmalan pyjime. :■
.L. Lsecebomaf pij> lianb pypmum -j heap pyjimum ^ ;^iy I'yjim hanb ete • peaxpealp pi]? hanb pypme fyx cjiseptap ealpa • nil. pifan. :•
• LI. Lsecebomaf pi]? pyjimum ]?e monnej- pltepc eta]?. :• .Lil. Lsecebomap tpejen pi]? lufum. :• .Liii. Lseceboma]' tpeten pi]? fmoeja pypmum. :• .Lliii. Lpecebomaj' piS pyjimsetum lice -j cpelbehtum. :•
.LV. Lsecebom pi]? aj-lejeniim lice. :•
.LVI, Lfecebomaf pij? aplapentim' lice -j bne]? fealp, :•
.LVii. Lfecebomaf 'j bpencaf ^ j-ealpa pi]? pice. :•
• LVill. Lsecebomaj' to pen pealpe • "j to pen bylum. :• fol. 5 a. .LViill. Lsecebomaj- pi^S papalifm ]? ij- on enjlipc
lypt abl "j pi]? neujiij-ne ]?piy. :
.LX. Lsecebomaj- pi^ bpyne ^j fealpa • Vlii. ealpa. :•
.LXi. Lsecebomap pi]? liS paepce 'j piS lij?peape *j jip
li]?feap fio^ "j lio]?ole titpypne ealpa cpaepta peopep-
tyne. :•
.LXii. Lrecebomai' pi]? pepepable to haelanne bpencaj* pi^ j?an • pi}? ]?pibban bsejef psepe -j peop}?an bsejef psepe •j pi^ ji'lcep bsejel" pepe -j pi]? lencten able f ip pepep * •j liu man fceal pi]? ]??epe able on liuj-1 bipce pone haljan
' The passage of the text lias i - For fiohe, subjunctive. arlej;enuin. |
LEECH BOOK. I. 13
xlvii. Leechdoms and drinks and salves lor " dry OoMEMt diseases " ' of many a kind, the best ones for " dry " worm on the feet. Twelve in all against " dry " diseases.
xlviii. Leechdoms for the worms which vex men inwardly, and against worms which be in the inwards of children, and children s inwards sore. In all twelve receipts against them.
xlix. A leechdom, single, separately, against the small worm.
1. Leechdoms again hand worms and dew worms, and if a worm eat the head ; a wax salve against the hand worm. Six receipts ; four sorts in all.
li. Leechdoms against worms which eat mans Hesh.
Hi. Two leechdoms against lice.
liii. Two leechdoms against penetrating worms.
liv. Leechdoms for a worm eaten body and a mortified.
Iv. A leechdom. for a stricken body.
Ivi. Leechdoms for a paralyzed body, and a bath salve.
Ivii. Leechdoms and drinks and salves against tlic disease called " fig."
Iviii. Leechdoms for a wen salve and for wen boils.
lix. Leechdoms for paralysis, that is in English, lyft addle, and for " neurisn." ^ Three.
Ix. Leechdom for a burn ; and salves. Eight in all.
Ixi. Leechdoms for a pain in the joints, and for the lubricating secretion at the joints, called^ synovia, and if the synovia leak and the joint oil run out. Of all (these) receipts fourteen.
Ixii. Leechdoms for fever, to heal it ; drinks for that ; against a tertain fever, and a quartan fever, and a quotidian fever ; and against lent disease, that is {typhus) fever, and how against the disorder a man
' A sort of dry rot : see the glos- I ' Possibly vevpuv vipfffis ; a kind
sary. Vlapa<Tn6s. \ of irapiXvais.
14 LiECE BOC.
"j ]7one iniclan jobejp naman ppitan --j on J;one bpenc mib halijpajtjie Spean -j halij jebeb on upan linjan -j cpebo -j pateji noptep • x. Isecebomap.
.LXIIL LcTScebomap piS peonb j-eocum men bpencaf to Jpon *j hii moil fcyle mppj-pan -j jebebu -j pealmaf opeji l^one bjienc j-injan -j op cijucbellum bjimcan • y yip bjisecfeocum men • "j pij? peben heojite -j pi8 ]7on eal- lum fax cpseptaj-. :•
.LXilii. L^cebomap pi]? aelcjie leobnunan -j selpfibenne
ol. 5 b. J? !]■ pepejicynnep jealboji 'j bufc -j bpiencap *j pealp -j
jip pto abl netnum fie • -j jip fio abl pypibe mannan
o^Se mape pibe -j pypbe feopon eallep cpsepta. :•
.LXV. Lsecebomaj' ept piS lencten able -j j^apa peopep jobfpellepa naman • *j jeppitu "j jebebu -j fpijenbe Iceal mon fum ^eppit ppitan • v. cpteptaf. :•
.LXVI. Lsecebomap unjemynbe *j pi]? byfijum. :■
.LXVii, Lsecebomap -j bpencap pi^ jenumenum mete •j jtp eala pie apepb o]>\>e meolcen mete |;py cp?eptas. :■
.LXViii. Lsecebomap pi]> ]7on jip liunta jebite man- nan f fpiSjie o]?pe^ naman janjelpeppa pex bujenbe cpseptas.
.LXVIIII. Ljecebomap pi]? pebe hunbep plite ^ yi^ liiinbe]- bolje • VII. Isecebomaj-. :•
.LXX. Lsecebomaj* jip mon fie to pjisene o]>])e to unppsene. :
.Lxxi. Lseceboma)- pij? jiseje peofau fajie -j jip lioh fmo popob pie, :•
.LXXI. Lsecebomap on lipilce tib blob pie to pojijanne
fol. 6 a. on hpilce to poplsetenne -j hu fie attpej- pul fio
lypt on hlapm^eppe tih • -j be bpenctim -j utpojium
on ]?am monj^e -j ■JJte pypta on J)am monSe fmb to
pyjicanne. :•
' C!ompare the chapter, and read ^ ij- i'yi^]^: -j oJ?e]i.
LEECH BOOK. I. 15
shall write vipoii the eucharistic paton the holy and Contunts. the great name of God, and wasli it witli lioly water in to the drink, and sing a holy prayer over it and the Credo and the Paternoster. Ten leechdoms.
Ixiii. Leechdoms for a fiendsick man {or demoniac), drinks for that, and how a man shall sing masses and prayers and psalms over the drink, and drink out of church bells, and for a lunatic man, and for the wood heart or frenzy, and for them all ; six receipts.
Ixiv. Leechdoms against every pagan charm and for a man with elvish tricks ; that is to say, an enchant- ment for a sort of fever, and powder and drinks and salve, and if the disease be on neat cattle ; and if the disease harm a man, or if a mare ride him and hurt him. In aU seven crafts.
Ixv. Leechdoms again for typhus, and the names of the four gospellers and writings and prayers ; and in silence shall one write some writing. Five receipts.
ixvi. Leechdoms for- the idiot and the silly.
Ixvii. Leechdoms and drinks for meat taken, and if ale be spoilt or milken food. Three receipts.
Ixviii. Leechdoms in case a hunting spider^ bite a man, that is, the stronger sort, and if another by name gangweaver,^ bite Jdm. Six capital receipts.
Ixix. Leechdoms for a rent of a mad dog and for wound of hound. Seven leechdoms,
Ixx. Leechdoms if a man be too lustful or too un- lustful.
Ixxi. Leechdoms for sore of the dorsal muscles, and if the heel sinew be broken.
Ixxii. Leechdoms declaring at what time blood is to be foregone, and at what to be let ; and how the air is full of venom at Lammas'^ time, and of drinks and evacuations on that month, and that worts on that month are to be worked.
' Now Salticus scenicus. Aranea | - Aranea viatica. venatoria is American. But here ^ August 1.
the tarantula was meaut.
16 L/ECE BOC.
Romane -j eall luS yolc pojihron htm eopJ> 1ml" pi8 |?8epe uiil3''}:ce • -j hu mon pcyle blobl?efe on jjsejia j-ex pijra selcon on J^pej- monan elho popjan on l^pit^jum' nihta -j hponne betfc to la^tanne • 'j jip blob bolj yjrelije • "j jip J?u pille on fnibe blob p ojilsetan oJ>]je on cBbpe . o^^e jip J»u ne mseje blob bolj appi]?an • o]>]>e ^ly })u ne mseje jeotenb eebpe appiSan o5Se jip mon on fmpe beplea a^t blobl?etan. :•
,j .LXXIII. Lsecebom jip men hpilc Inn cme, :•
.LXXllii. Lsecebom pi5 peajitum -j peappum on lime. :•
.Lxxv. Lsecebom pi}? pcujipebum naejle. :•
• LXXYI. Lsecebom piS jicj^an. :•
.LXXVii. Lsecebom jip |?n pille f ypel Ipyle -j jetepno
psere ut bejifce. :•
.LXXVIll. Lsecebom jip men unlnfc lie jetenje. :•
.LXXVIIII. Lsecebom jip mon on lanjiim peje teojnje. :•
foi. 6 b. .Lxxx. Lsecebom pi6 ];on ]?e mon lime popbjimce. :■
.Lxxxi. Lsecebom piS miclum cyle. :•
. Lxxxii. Lsecebom -^ip men fie psepmja to micel psecEO
jetenje.
.Lxxxili. Lgecebom to mannep ftemne. .Lxxxilil. Lsecebom piS ];on jip mon j^unj ete.
.LXXXV. Lsecebom piS )7on ]?e mon punbije piS hif peonb to 5epeolitaime.
.'XXXVI. Lsecebom pi]? miclum janje opep lanb J>y Ivey he teopije. :•
.Lxxxvii. Ltecebom jip mannep peax pealle fealp pi]? ]?on "j jtp man calu fie.
.Lxxxvili. Lsecebomaf pi]? hojipep hjieople -j jip hopf ^eallebe fie • -j jip hopf fie opfcoten o]>]>e o]>e]\ neat.
' h)iicij;um was written ; now partly erased.
LEECH EOOK. T. 17
The Romans and all the people of the south Contents. wrought for themselves houses of earth against the ill air ; and how a man shall forego bloodletting on each of the six fives ^ of the moons age in the thirty nights, and when best to let blood, and if the incision for bloodletting take an ill turn, and if thou will let blood on an incision or on a vein, or if thou may not staunch the bleeding incision, or if thou may not bind up the flowing vein, or if one, in bloodletting, cut down on a sinew.
Ixxiii. A leechdom if any limb of a man be chapped.
Ixxiv. A leechdom against warts and callosities on a limb.
Ixxv. A leechdom for a scurfy nail.
Ixxvi. A leechdom for itch.
Ixxvii. A leechdom if thou will that an ill swelling and the venomous humour should burst out.
Ixxviii. A leechdom if loss of appetite befall a man.
Ixxix. A leechdom if a man tire on a long journey.
Ixxx. A leechdom in case a man overdrink himself.
Ixxxi. A leechdom against much cold.
Ixxxii. A leechdom if suddenly too much watching befall a man.
Ixxxiii. A leechdom for a mans voice.
Ixxxiv. A leechdom in case a man eat something- poisonous.
Ixxxv. A leechdom in case a man try to fight with his enemy.
Ixxxvi. A leechdom for much travel over land lest he tire.
Ixxxvii. A leechdom if a mans hair fall oft', a salve for that, and if a man be bald.
Ixxxviii. Leechdom for swelled legs in a horse, and if a horse be galled, and if a horse or other neat cattle be elf shot.
' Though a sidereal revolution of I the moon often attains the thirtieth the moon be but 27*321 days, yet | day of her age.
VOL. II. B
18 LiECE BOC.
Alex. Trail. On ]n]')nim fBjiefran laececjireftum jepjiitene fint Itece-
"^•'" bomai' piS eallum heapbej' untjiymnepj^uni.
ClDuppa hattre pypt jejiiib on moptepe fve penmj
jepeje • bo fceap pulne pmep to pofe fmype Jjonne f fol. 7 a. heapob mib -j bpiince on nilit neptij. PI'S heapob psepce
Cf. Galen. jentm puban -j pejimob jecnupa 'j menj pi]? eceb -j ele ^o'-^ij;P'^°0'afeoli jniph claS fmipe mib ^ heapob- o^5e clam op K(ct:a\a\yia. |?am ilcau pjpc leje on ^ heapob 'j befpej^e pel jjonne ]>u
to jiefte pille.
Lacn. 1. pj^ j^Qj^ ilcan jentm betomcan -j pipop je^mb fpi"Se
tojsebepe laet ane niht hanjian on claSe fmipe mib.
» Plinius Vale- pi-S heapob pfepce^- betan pypttpuman jecnupa piS rianus, de re i < v y ■> ^ n
Medicafol.i4b hunij appmj bo p peap on neb *j onjean lunnan up-
for clearing peapb licje • -j J>8et heapob ho op bune f ye^ peap mseje
J, „ . " f heapob jeonb ypnan • heebbe him sep on mu|7e ele
o])]>e butepan "j ]7onne uplanj afitte hnijie popS laete
plopan op J?am nebbe J7a jilliftpan bo fpa ^elome ojjjjset
hit clsene fie. :•
PI'S heapob psepce jenim hampypt ni)>epeapbe je- cnupa leje on cealb psetep jnib fpiSe o]>f eall jelej^peb fie bejpe mib j5 heapob. :•
Lacn. 1. ipip heapob pjepce jemm heah heoloJ?an -j jpunbe
fpeljean -j pencepfan -j jitpipan pel on psetepe Iset peocan on ];a eajan ]?onne hit hat fie "j ymb ^a eajan jnib mib Jjsem pyptum fpa hatum. :•
Pi^ heapob ece jemm pealh -j ele bo ahfan ^epypc J?onne to plypan bo to hymlican "j eopop ]?potan -j "Sa peaban netlan jecnupa bo J;onne on ]?one plipan
fol. 7 b.
LEECH BOOK. r. 19
1. In these first leechcrafts are written leechdoms for Book I. all infirmities of the head.
2. A wort has been named mnrra,* rub it in a mortar "" Scaiidix as much as may make a pennyweight, add to the ooze
a stoup full of wine, then smear the head with that and let the patient drink this at night fasting. For head wark, take rue and wormwood, pound them and mingle with vinegar and oil, strain through a cloth, smear the head with it ; or work a paste of the same, lay it on the head and swathe it up well, when thou will to bed.
3. For the same, take betony and pepper, rub them thoroughly together, let them hang one night in a cloth, smear with theon. For head wark, pound some roots of beet with honey, wring them, apply the juice to the face, and let the patient lie supine against the sun, and hang the head adown that the juice may run all over the head. Let him hold before that in his mouth oil or butter, and then sit up and lean forward and let the matter flow off" the face. Let him so do often till it be clean.
4. For head wark, take the lower part of homewort,'' '• Sempen-iimm pound it, lay it in cold water, rub it hard till it be ''^^^o''"'"-
all in a lather, bathe the head with it.
5. For head wark, take elecampane ° and groundsel*' '' /«M?a //e/e- and fen cress ^ and gitrife,^ boil them in water, T^^^QTseneciovul- them steam upon the eyes, when it is hot, and rubi/ar/s. about the eyes with the worts, so hot.
6. For head ache, take willow^ and oil, reduce to ashes, work to a viscid substance, add to this hem- lock^ and carline^ and the red nettle," pound them,
' Nasturtium officinale. I ■• Conium maculatum.
- Agrostemma githago. ^ Carlina acaulis..
^ Saliz. I " Lamium purpureum.
B 2
20
L^CE BOO.
' HfUKpai'ia.
fol. 8 a.
be];e mib, pij? heajrob ece hunbe]' lieajrob jebsepn Co alij'an -j fniS ^ lieafob le^e on.
Pi5 heayob psepce jemm ejielafcan jecnua on cealb poetrep jnib betrpeoh hanbimi -j jecnupa clupjpunj bo ]7sep'co be|;e mib. pi]? heapob ece jenim hopan *j p'Tn •j eceb ^efpet mib ]iuni;j;e -j fmipe mib. :•
' Pi]? heapob ece jentm bilep blofcman feo5 on ele fmipe J?a Jjunpanjan mib. -pi}> J?on ilcan jemm heojiocep liopnep ahpan menj piS eceb -j pofan feap bmb on ■^ pgenje. pij; ]?on ilcan jemm pset; pul jpenpe puban leapa "j penepep piebep cuclep puhie ^ejnib tojsebepe bo sejef f hpire to cucleji pulne • f fio pealp pie |?icce fmipe nub pej^ejie on ]7a liealpe J^e pap ne fie. :•
Pi]> healpep heapbep^ ece jemm J?a peaban netlan anfcelebe jerpipula menj piS eceb -j fejef p lipite bo eall tojsebepe fmipe mib. :•
Pi]; healpep heapbep ece laupep cpoppan jetpipula on eceb mib ele fmype mib \)y J^aet; pen;«;e. :•
Pi^ ];on ilcan ^ernin jiuban peaj' pjiinj on f nsep- })ypel ];e on J^a papan^ healpe bi8. :■
Pi]? healpep heapbep ece • jemm laujiep cpoppan biifc •j lenep men^ cojsebejie ^eot; eceb on fmipe mib ];a papan healpe mib ]7y • o]>])e menje piS p'Tn J>8ep laupep cpoppan • o]>])e puban fseb jnib on eceb bo beja empela jnib Son* hneccan mib ]>y.
" Tacnu J^sepe able • fio abl cymS op ypelpe psetan upan plopenbpe oppe te]?me oJ»]?e op bam • ponne pceal mon a^pefc
' Plinius, XX, 73. - Galenus, vol. xiv. p. ,".98, ed. 1827. ^ mapan, MS.
* Read «one. ^Alex. Trail, lib. partly word for word.
i. cap. 12,
LEECH BOOK. I. 21
put tliein then on the viscid stutt', bathe therewith. Book I. Against head ache ; burn a dogs head ' to ashes, snip ^^* *• the head ; lay on.
7. For a head wark, talce everlasting,- }jound it in cold water, rub it between the hands, and pound cloffing,^ Ji^pply it thereto, bathe therewith. For head ache, take hove ^ and wine and vinegar ; sweeten with honey, and smear therewith.
8. For head ache, take blossoms of dill,^ seethe in oil, smear the temples therewith. For the same, take ashes of harts horn, mingle with vinegar and juice of rose, bind on the cheek. For the same, take a vessel full of leaves of green rue, and a spoon full of mus- tard seed, rul> together, add the white of an egg, a spoon full, that the salve may be thick ; smear with a feather on the side which is not sore.
9. For ache of half the head," take the red nettle of one stalk, bruise it, mingle with vinegar and the white of an egg, put all together, anoint therewith.
10. For a half heads ache, bruise in vinegar with oil the clusters of the laurus, smear the cheek with that.
11. For the same, take juice of rue, wring on the nostril which is on the sore side.
12. For a half heads tiche, take dust of the clusters of laurel, and mustard, mingle them together, pour vinegar upon them, smear with that the sore side. Or mix Avith wine the clusters of laurel. Or vubjine in vinegar the seed of rue,'' put equal quantities of both, rub the back of the neck with that.
13. Tokens of the disease. The disease cometh of evil humour flowing'^ or evil vapour, or of both. Then
' That the plant called " hounds- | " Megrim.
head " in Herb. Ixxxviii. is meant, ' ' liuta graveolens.
1 do not think. " I hesitate to believe that njan,
- GnaphuUmn. can mean^'/-o»i beloiv upwards; yet
^ Ranunculus scelenitufi. Alexandros says Kara av/j.-Tradeiw
'- Glcchoma hederacea. rod ffrofj-ix""- U)"an means from
^ Anethum qraoeolens. above.
22 L^CE BOC.
on "Sa able pojiepeapbjie blob Isetan oj: sebjie • sefteji J)on pceal man pyjit bpenc pellan -j lacnian pijjj^an ]?a j'ajian fropa • jijr feo abl fie cumen op micelpe liseto )7onne pceal man mib cealbum Isecebomum lacnian • jip liio op cealbum Intmjan cym^ • J>onne pceal mon mib hatum Isecebomum lacnian jehpgej^ejiep pceal mon nyttian -j mifcian f J>one Kchoman hsele -j eepep msejen hsebbe • Mm beah f him mon on eape bpype jeplsec- cebne ele mib o]?pum jobum pyjitum. :•
fol. 8 b. jentm pi]? tobpocenum heapbe betonican jetpipula
•j leje on f heapob upan j^onne pamna^ hio ]?a punbe -j hselS. Gpc pij> ]?on ilcan ^emm tuncepfan fio j^e pelp peaxeS -j mon ne psep'S bo In ]?a nofu f pe fcenc maeje on f heapob 'j pset peap. :•
Pi]? J»on ilcan ept jenim banpypt -j attopla}?an -j bolhjiunan • -j pubumejice "j bpiinpypt "j betonican • bo ealle J^a pypta to pyjit bpence 'j menje ]?8eji pi^S J?a fmalan clipan -j centaupian -j pe^bjiseban • ealpa fpi]7uft betonican -j jip ^ bpsejen litpije gemm sejep ]3 jeo- lupe "j menj lythpon^ piS hunij -j apyl Sa punbe • -j mib acumban befpeSe "j pojilset fpa ];onne • "j ept ymb jjpy bajap jefp^t ]7a punbe • *j jip pe hala pep]7e pille habban peabne hpmj ymb ]7a punbe pite ])u J^onne f ]>n hie ne meaht jehaslan. piS ]7on ilcan jernm pubupopan *j pubu mepce "j hopan ^j pel on butejian -j
' Lyhjion, MS.
LEECH BOOK. I,
23
shall one first in the early disease let blood from a vein ; after that shall be administered a wort drink, and the sore places shall be cm-ed. If the disease be caused by mickle heat, then shall one cure it with cold leechdoms ; if it cometh of cold causes, then shall one cure it with hot leechdoms, of either shall advan- tage be taken, and they shall be mixed, into a imAxturc that may heal the body and have an austere efficacy in it. It is well for him that one should drip for him in his ear oil made lukewarm with " other " good worts.
14. For broken head, take betony,' bruise it and lay it on the head above, then it unites the wound and healeth it. Again for the same, take garden cress,^ that which waxeth of itself and is not sown,'^ intro- duce it into the nose^ that the smell and the juice may get to the head.
15. For the same again, take wallflower'^ and attorlothe'' and pellitory and wood marche^ and brownwort^ and betony, form all the worts into a wort drink, and mix therewith the small cleaver^ and centaury^'' and waybroad,^^ of all most especially betony, and if the brain be exposed, take the yolk of an egg and mix a little with honey and fill the wound and swathe up with tow, and so let it alone ; and again after about three days syringe the wound, and if the hale sound part^~ will have a red ring- about the wound, know thou then that thou mayest not heal it. For the same, take woodrofie and wood-
Book I. Ch. i.
' Betonica officinalis.
- Lepidium sativum.
^ Self sown ; but a garden cress still.
' "Eppivov, therefore ; but these were used like cephalic snuff ; and never for broken head. See Nicolaos Myreps. xv.
* Cheiranthus cheiri.
" See Herbarium, xlv., to which assent is not easily given.
' Apium graveolena.
* Scrophularia aquatica: see Herb. Ivii.
" Galium aparine.
'" Erythrma centaureum.
" Plantago maior.
'- The sense of )e]i|je is doubtful ; but see glossary.
24i L^CE BOC.
j-eoh ]7Ujih ha3penne ' cla^ bo on ^ heapob Jionne ^anja]? }?a ban tic.
fol. 9 a. Pi]? Ian5um j-ape |;a3}' heafbe)- o]?]7e Sapa eapena oS8e
=» \>a, MS., but j?apa to]?a J^a^ ]m]ili hoph oSSe ]7uph ynofl tir ateo ^ erase it. y^^ ejle]^ • jefeo}* ceppillan on pserepe pele bpmcan
j7onne aCihS f ]?a yjrelan pietan ut o]?]?e ]7uph muS o-SSe )7uph nofu. Opt: J)up ]?u pcealc J?a ypelan opfe- tenan pgetan utabon j^ujih fpatl *j hpaiicean menj pipop pi]) hpir cpubu fele to ceopanne • 'j pypc him co fpil- lanne pione jeajl -^ jemin eceb -j pserep -j fenep "j hunij pyl t058ebepe lifcmn • "j apeoh bonne Isec colian yele ]70nne jelome f jeajl ro fpillanne f he ]7y pel mseje ^ ypel utahpseeean.
Pypc ]>u]' fpihn^e to heapbep clsenfunje jentm ept lenepep pgebep bsel *j nsepfaebep -j cepfan psebep • fume men hataS lambep cejij-an -j mejicep fseb -j . XX. pipopcopna • jefamna eall mib ecebe -j mib hunije • jehget on psetepe ^ -j habbe on muj^e lanje ]7onne ypnS f jiUiftep lit.
•^6pt o})pu fpihnj on I'umepe C£e]ienep jobne bollan pulne • fol, Ob. "j ecebep mebmicelne -j ypopum hatte pypt hipe leap -j
blofcman menj tojfebepe -j laet ftanban neahtepne *j on mopjen on cpoccan opeppylle -j fupe plsec "j ]3 jeajl Ipile "j \)yea htp mnS. * To ]?on ilcan on pmtpa fenepef bultep cuclep pulne 'j hunijef healpne cuclep jebo on calic menje J>onne j^ptep ])on pi5 paetep -j htete -j peoh ]7uph Imenne claS -j fpile mi8 f jeajl • septep ]7am kecebome jelome mib ele IpiUe ])a hpacan. ^ Gpt pi]? lf>on ilcan jentm mealpan jejnib on phiec pm pele to fpil- lanne ]3 jeajl. piS tobpoeenum heapbe "j fapum jiube
' haejienne suggests itself. - seasl below is neuter. ^ Plinius Valerianus, de re Med., fol. 14 a.
^ Ibid.
■' Plin. Val., fol. 13 b.
LEECH BOOK. I. 25
marche and liovo, and boil in butter and strain tlirouirli ^^""'^ ^•
. Ch i.
a coloured cloth, apply it to the head, then the bones
come out.
16. For chronic disorder of the head or of the ears or of the teeth through foulness or through mucus, ex- tract that which aileth there, seethe chervil in water, give it to drink, then that drawetli out the evil humours either through mouth or through nose. Again, thus thou shalt remove the evil misplaced humours by spittle and breaking ; mingle pepper with mastic, give it the 'patient to chew, and work him a gargle to swill his jowl ; take vinegar and water and mustard and honey, boil together cleverly, and strain, then let cool, then give it him frequently to swill his jowl, that he by that may comfortably break out the ill Jlegm.
17. AVork thus a swilling or lotion for cleansing of the head, take again a portion of mustard seed and of navew seed and of cress seed, some men call it lambs cress, and of marche seed, and twenty pepper corns, gather them all with vinegar and with honey, heat them in water and have them long in the mouth, then the fiegm runneth out. Again, another swilling in summer ; mingle together a good bowl full of wine boiled down with herbs and a moderate one of vine- gar, and hyssop, so the wort hight, its leaves and blossoms, and let the mixture stand for a night, and in the morning boil it over again in a crock (or earthen pot), and let him sup it lukewarm and swill his jowl and wash his mouth. For the same in winter, put i]i a chalice a spoon full of the dust of mustard and half a spoon full of honey, then after that mingle this with water, and heat it and strain it through a linen cloth and swill the jowl with it; after that leechdom frequently swill the throat with oil. Again for the same ; take mallows, rub them into lukewarm wine, give it the 'patient to swill the jowl. For a broken
26 LMCE BOC.
jetjiijzelabu miS pealte -j mib hunije fmijie ^ heajrob pojiepeajib mib ]7y fe cuj^ej'ta Igecebom bi]? J^am Jje heajrob pylm -j lap j^popiaS. pi]? J^on ilcan eye jejiiib jiuban on pm j-ele bpmcan *j gemenj eceb pij> puban -j ele bpype on f heapob -j fmipe mib.
.1. {read .ii.)
Alex, Trail. Lsecebomaf pij) eajna milbe jenim celej^enian yeap
oy\>e blofcman jemenj piS bopena liuni;^ ^e^o on sepen
fol. 10 a. F^"^ piece lifcum on peapmum jlebum o]>f hit jefoben
fie • ]7ip biS job Isecebom pi]? eajna bimneppe. piJ?
Cf. Marcell. Jjon ilcan ept pilbpe puban jebeappe -j jetpipulabpe leap • jemenj piS afeopnef humjef em micel fmype mib ]7a eajan. ]}!]> eajna mifre monije men ]?y Isep liiopa eajan ]?a able p>popian lociaS on cealb paetep • •j ]?onne majon pyp jefeon ne pypt f ]?a peon • ac micel pm jebjiinc -j o))pe jefpette bpmcan 'j mettap • •j J?a fpipopt pa Se on Saepe upepan pambe jepunia^ -j ne majon melt an • ac jjsep ypele psetan pypceaS -j )?icce. Pop "j capel 'j eal ])a ]>e fyn fpa apeji fmb to fleojanne 'j ^ }>e mon on bebbe basjep uppeapb ne licje -j cyle -j pmb -j pec -j biij-t • J^aj- J^inj -j Jpifum jelic selce bseje fce)?]?a'S Jjam eajtim. ^ pi]? eajna mifce jenim jpenne pmul jebo on psetep .xxx. nihta on ?enne cpoccan ]7one J^e fie jepicob utan jepylle ]?onne mib pen psetepe • septep jjon apeoppe op ]?one pmul -j mib J>y psetepe selce bseje ]?peaL ]>a, eajan "j ontyne.
fol. 10 b. -6ft op homena sejjme "j ftieme *j op plsetan cym5
' Cf. Galen, vol. xiv. p. 499, ed. | - Plinius Valerianus, fol. 20 b. for 1827. fourteen lii^es.
LEECH BOOK. I.
27
and sore head ; bruised rue ^ with salt and honey ; smear the forehead with it, the most approved leech- dom is this for ]dm whose head hath burning and paiuful throes. For the same again ; rub rue in wine, give it to drink to the sufferer, and mingle vinegar with rue and oil ; drip it on the head and smear therewith.
Book 1. Ch. i.
11.
1. Leechdoms for mistiness of the eyes ; take juice or blossoms of celandine, mingle \vith honey of dumljle- dores,* introduce it into a brazen vessel, half warm it ^ Melle Attico, neatly on warm gledes, till it be sodden. This is a good leechdom for dimness of eyes. For the same, mingle the juice of wild rue,^ dewy and bruised, mingle with equally much of filtered honey, smear the eyes with that. For mistiness of eyes many men, lest their eyes should suffer the disease, look into cold water and then are able to see far ; that harmeth not the vision, but much wine drinking and other sweetened drinks and meats, and those especially which remain in the upper region of the wamb and cannot digest, but there form evil humours and thick ones ; leek and colewort and all that are so austere are to be avoided, and care must he had that a man lie not in bed in day time supine ; and cold and wind and reek and dust, these things and the like to these every day are injurious to the eyes. For mistiness of eyes, take green fennel, put it into water for thirty days in a crock {or earthen vessel), one that is pitched on the outside, fill it then with rain water ; after that throw off" the fennel and with the water every day wash the eyes and open them. Again, from the vapour and
' The verbs are often suppressed.
- Wild rue is a Hellenism, Tri)ya-
vov &ypiov, Dioskor. iii. 59, op/udfei
Trpus oi/xfi\va>irias, or ruta silvestris; Plinius, XX. 51. These are pega- iium harmala.
28 L^CE BOC.
eajna imlr: -j fio yceajipnep *j jfojoj^a ]? be]? pi|? J>on ij* ])\Y tro bonne. pr6 eajna milte jenim cile|7onian j'eapey cucleji fulne oj^ejine pmolef • jjpibban appotanan j^eapep • ■j hunijep reapep tu cuclep mail menj to jtebejie • "j |7onne mib pepepe jebo In ]>aj eajan on mopjenne *j jjonne mibbsej fie • "j ept on a^pen a'pteji |?on ponne f abjiujob pie -j "cojoten poji ];9Bpe pealpe fceappnej-pe • jentm pipep meoluc ]>sey ]>e cilb haebbe bo on |>a eajan. :•
6ft: ?e]7ele cp^pt gennn balpami -j liunijep treajief em micel jemenj to5a?be]ie -j fmijie mib ]7y.
Gpt piS j;on ilcan cele];onian j-eap "j fepsetep fmijie mib J)a eajan -j beSe. bi]? ]?onne j-elefc f pu nime jjsefie cele]7onian peap "j mucjpypte 'j jiuban ealpa em pela bo liunij to "j balbfamiim ^tp ]?u hsebbe • jebo on f pset pe ])n hit mseje on mib jepoje jefeoj^an -j nytta pel ]?£et bet.
^Pi]? eajna mifte gebsepneb j-eait -j jejmben -j yi]) bojiena hunij jemenjeb fmipe mib. :•
fol- 11 a. 2 6 ft pmolep "j pol'an "j jiuban peap "j bojian liunij -j
ticceiiep jeallan tojtebepe j^emenjeb fmijie mib Jni eajan. ''Gft jpene cellenbpe jejniben -j pi]) pipej' meoluc jemenjeb aleje opeji ]7a eajan. :•
» Med.de Quad. a^Qy-c hapaii jeallaii jenirae '-j Imijie mib. :•
'' Marcellus, '* 6pt cpice^ pme pmclan ^ebtejinbe to ahpan "j ]>a
-'^' ^- alipan jemenje piS bopena Imnij. :
' Pliu. Val. fol. 20 b. i ^ Por veras our author read
- Plin. Val. fol, 21 b. ! vivas. Or Plinius Valerianus, fol.
- Plin. Valerianus, fol. 19 b. , 21 b, whei'c y/c read " Cochlese ' Also riinius Valerianus, fol. I vivae."
20 b., 21b. I
LEECH ?,00K. T.
29
steam of ill juices and from nausea cometli mist of r,ook l. eyes, and the sharpness and corrupt lunnour causes that, against which this is to be done. For mist of eyes, take of celandines juice a spoon full, another of fennels, a third of southernwoods juice, and two spoon measures of the tear of honey (^virgin honey that drops without "pressure), mingle tliem together, and then with a feather put soms into the eyes in the morning and when it be midday*, and again at evening after that, when it is dried up and spent; for sharpness of the salve, take milk of a woman who hath a child, apply it to the eyes.
2. Again, a noble craft. Take equal ({uantities of- balsam and of virgin honey, mix together and smear with that.
3. Again for the same, juice of celandine and sea Cf. Nicol. water ; smear and bathe the eyes therewith. It is then xx^xvni i '>'> most advisable that thou take juice of the celandine from an older and of mugwort^ and of rue, of all equal quantities, add ^" "''•P*''' ^^P^- honey to it, and balsam, if thou have it, put it then
into such a vessel that thou may seethe it with glue- aud make use of it. It does much good.
4. For mist of eyes, salt burnt and rubbed fine and mixed with dumbledores honey f smear therewith.
5. Again, juice of fennel and of rose and of rue, and dumbledores honey,^ and kids gall, mixed together ; smear the eyes with this. Again, lay upon the eyes green coriander rubbed fine and mixed with womans milk.
6. Again, let him take a liares gall and smear with it.
7. Again, live perriwinkles burnt to ashes ; and let liim mix the ashes with dumbledores^ honey.
' Artemisia vulyarlf;.
- Or some cement ; the original author perhaps meant a covered vessel sealed up with cement.
^ Doubtless from " melle Attico," read as melle attaci ; the dumble- dore is apis bomhinatrix.
30
L^CE BOC.
" Plinius,
xxxii. 24. Marcellus, 272, g.
' IMarcellus >72, b.
fol. 11 b.
^Gfx: jiyj-laf ealjia ea fifca on fiinnan jemylce -j piS huiii;^ jemenjbe fmipe mib.
PiS eajna mifce efc betonican j'eap jebeatenjie mib liijie pypttjiuman -j appunjenpe -j jeappan peap -j cele- ]?onian em micel ealjia menj trojsebejie bo on eaje. ''6pt pmolef pypttpum^n jecnuabne jemenj pi's hu- nijep ]-eap^ feoS Jjonne set; leohtum pyjie lifrelice oj; liiim^ep ])icneppe • jebo ]7onne on sejiene ampullan -j ]?onne j^eapp pie fmijie mib J)ip robjiip]? ]?a eahmifcaj* ]:>eali ]?e liie J^icce fynb. :•
PiJ? eajna mifce ept celej'oman peap o])]>e ]>ajm blofc- mena jepjimj "j jemenj piS bopena hunij jebo on sejien pffit: piece jponne lifcum on peajimum jlebum opj^e on ahpan o]? f hit jebon pie • f biS anfpilbe lyb pi]? eajena bimneppe. :•
<= Marcellus, 272, a.
■' Marcellus, 272, c.
Sume jjsep ]*eapep anlipijef nyttiab -j J>a eajan raib J)y fmijiiaS. Pi]? eajena mifce ept eopSipies feap -j pmolep j'eap ^ebo bejea em pela on ampullan bpije ]?onne on hatjie funnan -j ]?a eajan mnepeapb mib ]>y fmipe. ^Pi]> eajena mifre ept: eojiSjeallan^ peap ]? ip hypbepypt fmipe on ]?a eajan fio pyn bi}? ]>y pceapppe • jip ]?u humj to befc ]? beah • jemm^^ ]?onne ]?8e]ie ilcan pypte jobne jelm jebo on ceac pulne pmef -j jepeo]? opnete tep ]?]iy bajaf • -j ]>onne hio jepoben fie appm^ ]?a pypt op 'j ]?8ep popep jefpettep mib hunije jebpmc ?elce baeje neaht neptij bollan pulne. :•
^ Cf. Celsus, e Salbep mannep eajan beo]? unfceappfyno }?onne pceal
29* '■ he ]?a eajan peccan mib jnibmjum mib jonjum • mib
jiabum o]>]?e mib ]>y ]?e hme mon bepe o]?]?e on p?ene
pepije • -j hy j-culan nyttian lytlum 'j pophtlictim metum
-j hiopa heapob cemban -j pepmob bpmcan sep ]?on J^e
' " Tantundem mellis optimi de- spumati " is turned " juice of honey."
- Cf. Alex. Trail, p. 46, line 31, ed. 1548.
LEECH ROOK. T. 31
8. Again, the fatty parts of all river fishes melted Book I in the sun and mingled with honey ; smear with that. ' '" "'
9. For mist of eyes again, juice of betony beaten with its roots and wrung, and juice of yarrow^ and of celandine, equally much of all, mingle together, apply to the eye. Again, mingle pounded root of fennel with the purest honey, then seethe at a light fire cleverly to the thickness of honey. Then put it into a brazen ampulla, and when need be, smear with it, this drive th away the eye mists, though they be thick.
10. For mist of aj'^es again, wring out juice of celan- dine or of the blossoms of it, and mingle with dumbledores honey, put it into a brazen vessel, then make it lukewarm cleverly on warm gledes, or on ashes, till it be done. That is a unique medicine for dimness of eyes.
11. Some avail themselves of the juice singly, and anoint the eyes with that. For mist of eyes again ; juice of ground ivy and juice of fennel; set equal quantities of both in an ampulla, then dry in the hot sun, and smear the inward part of the eyes with that. For mist of eyes again, smear earthgalls ^ juice, that is herdwort,^ on the eyes, the vision will be by it sharper. If thou addest honey thereto, that is of good effect. Further take a good bundle of the same wort, introduce it into a jug full of wine, and seethe three days in a close vessel; and when it is sodden, wring- out the wort, and drink of the ooze sweetened with honey every day, after a nights fasting, a bowl full.
12. The eyes of an old man are not sharp of sight ; than shall he wake up his eyes with rubbings, with walkings, with ridings, either so that a man bear him^ or convey him in a wain. And they shall use little and careful meats, and comb their heads and
' Achillea millefoliu7n. I ^ In a litter.
ErythrcRa centaureum. I
32 L^CE BOC.
liie mete Jncjean. pay mon j'ceal unj'ceajipfynum fealjre fol. 12 a. pyjicean ro eaT;um • jeniin pipoji --j ^ebeat: "j fpejlej-
redte^ ^Tsppel -j lipon ]-ea]~a ^ ptn f h\]) job ]-ealp. :•
pi]) miclum eajeee manij man h?ef]) micelne ece
on hif eajura. pypc Mm ]7onne jjiunbe fpeljean -j
Ijij'ceop yy]^^ "j pmol pyl })a pyjita ealle on j'serjie •
meoluc bi5 j-elpe Ifet f peocan on J^a eajan. Gpc
cele|)onian -j pububmbelf^ leap jeacep fupe prS pin
jemenje. :•
Gp- to miclum eajece cpopleac nio];opeapb -j pit-
mpepep pypt nioj^opeapb cnua on pme Ijetr fcanban tpa
" Gr. ap76^a ; iiilit:. pi8 pile'' eajpcalp jeuim bpomef ahl'anc -j boUan
Lat. Albugo. yi^iJQg hatep pmef jeoi: J?jiipa lytlum on hate ]?a ahfan
'■ anfiin, MS. ^ ^^ Jjonne on pejien past oS5e ej^pepen bo liiini;^ef
li])on to -j menj tojsebepe bo on J^sep untpnman man-
nef eajan • -j a];peah ept J?a eajaii on cleenum pylle.
J^i]) pile liajian geallan bo peapmne on ymb tpa nilit
'' Slab, MS. not phhS op ];am ea^um. pi]> plie jemm onpsepe plali'^
' ■ ]> peap -j ppmj ]7uph elaS on p eaje pona jse'S on
])pim bajum op [^ip fio plali bi]? jpene. pij? plie eceb
•j jebsepneb fealt -j bepen mela jemenj tojsebejie bo
on ]5 eaje hapa lanje lipile jjine lianb on. :•
^Readol>l>e p^j^ j-lie eahj'ealp cele];onian I'seb jenmi on pam ^
fol 12 b pypttjmman ;^nib on ealb ptn -j on hunij bo pipop to
l?et fcanban neahtepne be pype nytta Jjonne jju j'lapan
piUe. pi]7 pile oxan plyppan nipepeajibe -j aloji pmbe
pylle on butejian. :•
Xv/xua-is, pi]? ])on Se eajan typen puban feap -j jate jeallan -j
Lippitudo.
Read -binbef.
LEECH BOOK. T. SH
drink ■wormwood before they take food. Then shall Book i, a salve be wrought for nnsharpsighted eyes ; take pepper and beat it, and beetle nut^ and a somewhat of salt, and wine ; that will be a good salve.
13. For much eye ache. Many a man hath mickle ache in his eyes. Work him then groundsel and bishopwort^ and fennel, boil all the worts in water, milk is better, make that throw up a reek on the eyes. Again, let him mingle with wine celandine and woodbines leaves and the herh cuckoosour.'^
14. Again, for much eye ache, pound in wine the nether part of cropleek ^ and the nether part of Wihtmars wort,^ let it stand two days. For pearl, an eye salve ; take ashes of broom and a bowl full of hot wine, pour tlds by a little at a time thrice on the hot ashes, and put that then into a brass or a copper vessel, add somewhat of honey and mix together, apply to the infirm mans eyes, and again wash the eyes in a clean wyll spring. For pearl on the eye, apply the gall of a hare, warm, for about two days, it flieth from the eyes. Against white spot, take an unripe sloe, and wring the juice of it through a cloth on the eye, soon, in three days the spot will disappear, if the sloe be green. Against white spot, mingle together vinegar
and burnt salt^ and barley meal, apply it to the eye, " A substitute hold thine hand a long while on it. moniaclim'/'
15. For pearl, an eye salve ; take seed of celandine or the root of it, rub it into old wine and into honey, add pepper, let it stand for a night by the fire, use it when thou wilt sleep. Against white spot, boil in butter the nether part of ox-slip'^ and alder'' rind.
16. In case the eyes be tearful, juice of rue, and
' The evidence, such as it is, for this rendering will be given in the glossary.
- Herbar. i. Betonica officinalis.
^ Oxalis Acetosella.
VOL. IL C
Allium sativum, probably. Cochlearia anylica, perhaps. Primula veris elatior. Aliius glutinosa.
34 LiECE BOC.
bopan humj ealjia em yeln. ^tp eajan^ typen heopotey liopnep alij-an bo on ^efpet ptn. P^J^c eajj'ealjie pij; psenne jemm cjiopleac -j jajileac bejea em pela jecnupa pel tofomne jemm ptn -j j:eaji]ief jeallan bejea em pela jemen^ pi]? |>y leace bo ]7onne on appset Iset fcan- ban nijon nilit on ]?am appate appmj ]?uph cla]? -j jehlyttpe pel bo on liojm • 'j ymb mlit bo mib pej^epe on f eaje fe betfca Irecebom.
ipip penne^ on eajon jentm |?a holan cejifan jebpseb bo on f eaje fpa he harofr mjeje. :■
yip eajece jepypce htm jjiunbfpeljean *j bifceop pypt -j beopypt -j pmul pyl ]^a pyjita ealle on psetepe meoluc hip betepe. :
fol. 13 a. Pij? eajna ece jenim pa, peaban hopan apyl on fujmra
fpatum o|)]?e on fupurn eala5 'j be];e J^a eajan on }>am ba|je betepe fpa optop. :•
]?\p eajece jenim pijjopmban Tpiju jecnupa apylle on butepan^ bo on pa, eajan. :•
Pypc eajpealpe jemm hnurcypnla -j hpsete cojin jnib cojsebepe bo pm to afeoh }»uph claS bo ]7onne on pa, eajan. pi]? eajna paepce -j ece hpitep hlapej- cpuman •j pipop -j eceb menj pel leje on cla5 bmb on |;a eajan nihtepne. puj- mon pceal eajj'ealpe pyjicean • jentm ftpeapbepian pifan mo]?opeapbe -j pipop jecnupa pel bo on cla]? bebmb pjefte leje on jefpet ptn l?et jebjieopan on J)a eajan senne bpopan, Pyjic eajfealpe pububmbej- leap pubumepce ftpeapbepian pifan fu]?epne pepmob oxna lyb cele]7onian jecnupa pa pypte fjnSe menj pi J?
• Galen, vol. xii> p. 335, ed. 1826. I '^ TvXos. Sextus, cap. i. 1, Lat. | ^ The MS. has bicepan.
LEECH BOOK. ]. 35
goats gall and dumbledor(»s honey, of all equal quan- Book I.
titles. If eyes be tearful, add to sweetened wine ashes
of harts horn. Work an eye salve for a wen, take
cropleek and garlic,^ of both equal quantities, pound
them well together, take wine and bullocks gall, of
both equal quantities, mix with the leek, put this
then into a brazen vessel, let it stand nine days in
the brass vessel, wring out through a cloth and clear
it well, put it into a horn, and about night time apply
it with a feather to the eye ; the best leechdom.
17. For a wen^ on the eye, take hollow cress,'"' roast it, apply it to the eye, as hot as possible.
IS. For eye ache, let him work for himself ground- sel and bishop wort ^ and beewort^ and fennel, boil all the worts in water ; milk is better.
19. For ache of eyes, take the red hove,^ boil it in sour beer or in sour ale, and bathe the eyes in the bath, the oftener the better.
20. For eye ache, take twigs of withewind,'' pound them, boil them in butter, apply them to the eyes.
21. Work an eye salve thus; take nut kernels and wheat grains, rub them together, add wine, strain through a cloth, then apply to the eyes. For acute pain and ache of eyes, mingle well crumbs of white bread and pepper and vinegar, lay this on a cloth, bind it on the eyes for a night. Thus shall a man work an eye salve, take the nether part of strawberry plants and pepper, pound them well, put them on a cloth, bind them fast, lay them in sweetened wine, make somebody drop one drop into the eyes. Work an eye salve thus ; leaves of v/oodbind," woodmarche," strawberry plants, southern wormwood,^** green hellebore.
' Allium oleraceum ? - Wisps or sties are called -wuns ill Devon.
^ Gentiana campestris.
* In Herb. i. Betonica officinalis.
^ Acorus calamus.
'' Glechoma heeler acea. ' Convolvulus sepium. '^ Convolvulus. ^ Apium graveolcns. '" Artemisia ahiotanon.
c2
36 L^CE BOO.
ptn bo on cypepen fset op];e on ?e]ienum fate hajra Iset franban j'eopon nilic o]>])e ma appinje J'a pypta fpiSe clsene jebo pipoji on -j jefj^et; fpi];e leohtlice mih
fol. 13 b. liunije bo pi])J>an on hojm -j mib pej^epe bo on ]?a eajan
£enne bpopan. Pyjic eajpealpe bpije • genim fpejlef seppel -j fpepl cpecipc attjium -j jebsejineb pealr "j pipopep msepc jejpmb eall to bufce apipc ]?u]ih cla5 bo on n^epc hsebbe liim on J?y Isep hit J>ine • bo mebmicel on l^a eajan mib coJ> jape jepefce liim septep "j plape •j J>onne a}»peah Inj- eajan mib clsene psetpe -j on ]> psetep locije. pypc eajpealpe cymen -j fcpeapbepjean pife jecnupa fpiSe pel -j op jeot mib jefpette pme bo In cypepen pset oSSe on sepen Iset fcanban pela nihta on appmg jja pypte |?uph claS -j aliluttpa fpi]?e pel bo ponne on |^a eajan ];onne ])u pille pefran • jip fio
Imminutiones. pealp fie to heaji^ jefpet miS hunije. pi'S sepmselum jenl^m attpum jemenj piS fpatl ]?a^ eajan ntepeajib nalgep mnan.
pib aepmselum ni]7epeapb^ sepcj^potu jecopen on mu];e -j appmjen J^uph claS on eaje jebon punbojilice h?el]7. ]?i]) ])on j>e mon fupeje fie jenim ajjnmonian pelle fpij^e o]? ]?pibban bsel ];peah jelome ];a eajan mib ]?y. Pustula. P^]> poece on eajum • jemm pab -j pibban ^ hleomocan
fol. 14 a. pyl on meolce on butepan ip betepe -j pypc bej^mjc •
pyl hleomoc -j jeappan -j pubu ceappiUan on meolcum.
' Heap MS. If any word closely answering to Gei-m. Ilerbe, Lat. Acerbus, occurs in Saxon, it has not met my eyes; the context is onr guide here. See Gl.
^ fmipe must be supplied. " mh>ejieapb, MS.
LEECH BOOK. I. 37
celandine, pound the worts much, mingle with wine, Book I. l)iit into a copper vessel or keep in a brazen vat, let ^^' "" it stand seven days or more, wring the worts very clean, add pepper, and sweeten very lightly with honey, put subsequently into a horn, and with a feather put one drop into the eyes. Work a dry eye salve thus; take beetle nut(?) and sulfiir, Greek olusatrum^ and burnt salt, and of pepper most, grind all to dust, sift through a cloth, put it on a fawns skin, let him keep it about himself, lest it get moist. Introduce a small quantity into the eyes with a tooth pick ; afterwards let him rest himself and sleep, and then wash his eyes with clean water, and let him look in the water, that is, keep his eyes open under ivater. Work eye salve thus; pound thoroughly cummin and a straw- berry plant, and souse with sweetened wine, put into a copper vessel or into a brazen one, let it stand many nights, wring the wort through a cloth and clear the liquid thoroughly, then apply to the eyes when thou may wish to rest ; if the salve be too biting, sweeten it with honey. For imminution of the eyes, take olusatrum, mingle with spittle, anoint the eyes outwardly not inwardly.
22. For imminutions, the nether part of the herb Contraction ashthroat^ chewed in the mouth and wrung through a " le pupi . cloth, and applied to the eye, wonderfully healeth. In case a man be blear eyed, take agrimony, boil it thoroughl}'- doivn to the third part, wash the eyes frequently with that. For a pock or pustule in the eyes, take woad^ and ribwort* and brooklime,^ boil in milk, in butter is better, and work a fomentation. Boil brooklime^ and yarrow^ and wood chervil' in milk.
• Smi/rnium olusatrum. - In Herb. iv. Verbena officinulia, but in the gll. Ferula. ^ Isatis tinctoria.
' Plantago lanceolata. '■" Veronica beccabunga. '' Achillea millefolium. ' Anthriscus silvestris.
38
LJSCE BOC,
Ficus.
» nTiAoxris.
fol. 14 b.
]?ij> pypmum on eajum jeriim beolonan ffeb jfceab on jleba • bo tpa bleba pulle pserejief to fete on rpa healpe -j fite ]?8ep opep bp?eb ];onne f heapob hibeji -^j jeonb opep f pyp *j J^a bleba eac ]70nne pceaba]? ]?a pypmaf on j^set psetep. pi]? ]?eopable on eajum J)e mon ^epijo hset on Iseben hatte cimoSip • hsenne sejej- jeolocan -j mepcep pseb -j attpum -j tunmintan, Gpr pi"S jepijon fceapef holifcancan unfobenne tobjiec jebo ];Eet meapli on ]7a eajan. pi]? }>iccum bpseptim'^ jentm |?peo hanb puUa mucpypCe ]?peo pealtrep • ]?peo papan^ jiylle ]7onne oJ» ^ fie tpaebe bej^ylleb 'psey pofej- healb ]7onne on cypejienum pate, pam men^ ]?e habbaS ]ncce bpaipaf jemm cypejien paet bo J^sejion lybcopn 'j pealt jemenj • jentm cele];onian -j bifceoppypt -j jeacep pujian -j at- topla]?an -j fpjimjpypt -j enjlifce mojian • -j hpon psebicef ■j hjiepnep pot apaepc J^onne ealle jeot }7onne pm on • Iset ftanban apeoh ept on f cypejiene pset • Iset ]?onne ftanban ptptyne nilit -j }pa bepfcan beo]? jobe • hapa ]>e clcEne pletan bo on f pset ]7e ]>a, bepftan on pyn fpa pela fpa J^apa plietna ]?8ep on clipian magje • fcpep ])onne op })am p9Bte f bij? fpiSe 50b pealp Jmm men ])e hsep^ Jjicce bpsepaf, :.
Alex. TraU., lib. iii.
.III.
Lsecebomap piS eallum eapena fape -j ece "j piS eap- ena abeapunje . -j jlp pypmaf on eapan fynb o]>]>e
> See the glossary on.pg ; it is ffVKTJ, ffiiKoiffis, not x'^M*"''^ ; this is a misinterpretation of an Hellenic word.
- Read j-apan.
^ I'arTi, MS. Read \>a. ni.
LEECH BOOK. I.
39
23. For worms ^ in eyes, take seed of henbane/ shed Book I. it on gledes, add two saucers full of water, set them on two sides of the man, and let him sit there over them, jerk the head hither and thither over the fire and the saucers also, then the worms shed themselves into the water. For " dry" disease in the eyes, which is called the disease fig, and in Latin is called x^l^^^^^^s'"^ "No. ^vKwats. the yolk of a hens egg and seed of marche^ and olusatrum and garden mint.^ Again for the disease fig, break to pieces a hock shank unsodden of a sheep, apply the marrow to the eyes. For thick eyelids, take three handfuls of mugwort;^ three of salt, three of soap, boil them till two parts out of three of the ooze be boiled away, then preserve in a copper vessel. For him who hath thick eyehds, take a copper vessel, put therein cathartic seeds and salt there among, take celandine and bishopwort and cuckoosour and attorlothe ^ and springwort ' and English carrot, and a somewhat of radish, and ravens foot,^ then wash them all, then pour wine on ; let it stand, strain again into the copper vessel; then let it stand fifteen nights and the dregs will be good. Have with thee clean curds and introduce into the vessel on which the dregs are, as much of the curd as may cleave thereon. Then scrape the scrapings off" the vessel, that will be a very good salve for the man who hath thick eyelids.
111.
1. Leech doms for all sore of ears and ache, and for dea&ess of ears, and if insects are in the ears or an
' Worms are all creeping things, here insects, acari : Celsus has a chapter " de pediculis palpebrarum," Lib.VI. vi. 15, — " sive etiam vermi- «' culos (oculi) habeant aut brigan- " tes qui cilia arare et exulcerare " Solent." Marcellus, 275, c. Cf. ibid. f. The disease in Hellenic was <pdiip'ia(rt.s, and by keen eyes the in- sects could be seen to move,Actuarios.
- Hyoscyamus niger. ' Apium. ' Mentha saliva. ^ Artemisia vulgaris. ^ Uncertain. See Herb. xlv. vol. I. Pref. Ivi.
^ Euforbia laOiyris. ^ Ranunculus ficaria.
40
LiECE BOC.
Marcellus, 285, f.
fol. 15 a.
Marcellus, 286, d.
Sextus, cap. xi. 1. Lat.
eajipicja • ^ jij: eapan bynien • "j eajij^ealpa ptpyne cji8ej:taf. :•
])i]> eajiena fape "j ece beronican nipan 5e]:'ophte ]>a leap pelp ^ jecnupa on peapmum pastepe bo hpon 5epo- fobep elep to • jeriim p fpa placu mib ]nc]\e puUe bpype on f eape. Gfc pip* pon ilcan jemm ciepan jefeo]? on ele bpj^De on f eajie Jjone ele. pi]? eappsepce -j piS beape hunbep tunje -j penminte "j cellenbpe jecnupa on pm o]>]>e on eala afeoh bo on eajie. ]}!]> ]?on ilcan ^emm haenne ]iypele jemylte -j ]?onne jebo placo on eape jebpype on. PiJ? |>on ilcan jenim ele • jenim eac jope pypele jeor on ]7onne ^eyvc f pap apej. :•
PiJ? Jion ilcan jemm beolonan peap jeplece -j J>onne on eajie jebpyp • ];onne f pap jefcilS. :•
Cf. Marcell 284, e.
Marcellus, 287, d.
Pi]> ]?on ilcan jemm japleac "j cipan -j jope pypele jemylte "cojgebepe ppmj on eape. :•
prS ]7on ilcan jemni ?emecan sejjiu jetpipula pjunj on eajie. piS eapena pape jemm jate jeallan bjiype 2S5^^b "^' °^ ^ eape • menj pi6 cu meoltic jip ]7U pille. piS Cf.Alex.Trall., eapena beape • jentm hjiyj^ejief ^eallan pi]? jaeten hlanb lib. iii. 1. gemenjeb jebpype jepleceb on f eape. :•
ed. 1548.
yip ]?on ilcan jip eapan piUen abeapian o]>]>e ypel hlyfc fie • jenim eopopep jeallan peajijiep jeallan • buccan jeallan jemenj ]n]> liunij ealpa em pela bpype on j3 eape. :•
Pi]? }7on ilcan jip- ypelne hlyfc hsebbe ipieS peap |>9ep J)e be eop]?an plihS p clsenofce feap jemen^ pi5 pm bjiype on eape. :•
6pt: jiibban peap -j ^eplecebne ele tojrebepe jemenjeb bpype on pimboplice htelS. pij? ]?on ilcau jenim pam-
fol. 15 b.
Read j-elye ?
I * Add h]'a, or mon.
LEECH BOOK. 1. 41
earwig, and if the ears din, and ear salves. Fifteen Book i.
• 1 Cli. iii.
receipts.
2. For sore and ache of ears, pound new wrought betony, the leaves themselves, in warm water, add a somewhat of rose oil, take that lukewarm with thick wool, drip it into the ear. Again for the same, take an onion, seethe it in oil, drip the oil on the ear. For ear wark and for deafness, pound the herb hounds tongue^ and fenmint^ and coriander in wine or in ale, strain it, apply to the ear. For the same, take hen grease, melt it, and then apply it lukewarm to the ear, drip it on it. For tlie same, take oil, take also goose grease, pour into the ear, then the sore departs.
3. For the same, take juice of henbane, make it lukewarm, and then drip it on the ear ; then the sore stilleth.
4. For the same, take garlic and onion and goose fat, melt them together, squeeze them on the ear.
5. For the same, take emmets eggs, crush thetn, squeeze them on the ear. For sore of ears, take goats gall, drip it on the ear ; mingle, if thou will, cows milk with it. For deafness of ears, take neats gall mixed with goats stale, drip it, when made lukewarm, on the ear.
6. For the same, if the ears have a tendency to grow deaf, or if the hearing be ill, take boars gall, bulls gall, bucks gall, mix equal quantities of all with honey, drip this on the ear.
7. For the same, if one have ill hearing, mingle juice of ivy, that which runneth by the earth, the cleanest juice, with wine ; drip it into the ear.
8. Again, drip into the ear juice of ribwort and oil made lukewarm, mingled together, it wonderfully healeth. For the same, take rams gall, with urine of
Cynoglossum officinale. \ - M. silvestris.
42
LiECE BOC.
Cf. Marcell.
284, g.
Cf. Marcell.
285, a.
Marcellus, 282, d.
fol. IC a.
inej' jeallan mib hij' j'elpei" nihtnej'tijej* niijoj^an je- menje piS butejian jeot; on eape. Gft yip j^on ilcau hnutbeamej' junbe feap jepleceb bpype on eape. :•
])i\> Son ilcan jenim celenbpan feap jpenpe menj pi]7 pipep meoluc -j humjep bpopan -j jnnep jeplelit tofamne. Yi]> eapena abeapunje epr ellencpoppan je- tjxipulab f feap ppmj on p eajie. Gpt: pi]> J?on ilcan jen'im eopojiep jeallan • "j peapjief -j buccan menj pi]? liunij o]?]?e on ele ppmj on eape. :•
Gpt; pib J70n ilcan jentm jpenne sepcenne fcsep leje on pyp jenim Jjonne f peap pe Inm op jae]? bo on j^a ilcan pulle pjimj on eape 'j mib ]??epe ilcan pulle poji- froppa Jjset eape,
PiJ) ]3 lice ept jenim semetan hopf -j cpopleac -j neoj'opeapbe ellenpmbe o])])e beolonan "j ele jecnupa to Somne pypme on fcille bo J^onne on eape }?apa peabena iiemerena hopf* jenim ]7onne psebic -j eceb cnupa to Somne ppmj on f eape. jip pypmaf on eapan fyn jentm eop^ ^eallan jpenep feap • o)?|;e hunan peap • o]>])e pepmobep peap fpilc J^apa an fpa J^u pille jeot f feap on jp eape f tihS ];one pyjim ut. Pyjic fealpe jecnupa finpuUan 'j leo|?opypt' *j po-^ je^o ]7onne on jlaep pset mib ecebe -j ]mph claS appmj bpype on ^ eape. pij? ]?on jip eapan bymen • jenmi ele bo on mib eopocijpe pulle 'j popbytte f eape mib }>sepe pulle J?onne ]?u jiapan piUe 'j bo ept op J>onne Jju onpsecne. :•
' Read leaj^ojipy]!
LEECH BOOK. I.
43
tJie 'pcitient liimself after a nights fasting, mix with butter and pour into the ear. Again for the same, drip into the ear juice of the rind of a nut tree made lukewarm.
9. For the same, mix with womans milk juice of green coriander, and a drop of honey and of wine, warmed together. For deafening of the ears again, try alder ^ bunches triturated, wring out the juice into the ear. Again for the same, take boars gall and bullocks and bucks, mingle with honey or in oil, wring into the ear.
10. Again for the same, take a green ashen staft', lay it on the fire, then take the juice that issues from it, put it on the same wool, wring into the ear, and stop up the ear with the same wool.
11. For the same, take emmets horses^ and cropleek^ and the lower part of alder rind or henbane and oil, pound them together, warm in a shell, then introduce into the ear the red emmets horses ; than take radish and vinegar, pound them together, and wring into the ear. If there be insects in ears, take juice of green earthgall,* or juice of Aorehound, or juice of worm- wood, whatsoever of these thou mayesb wish, pour the juice into the ear, that draweth the worm out. Work a salve thus ; pound sinfulP and latherwort** and leek, then place theiin in a glass vessel with vine- gar, and wring througli a cloth, drip the moisture on the ear. In case that there is a dinning in the ears ; take oil, apply it with ewes wool, and close up the ear with the wool, when thou wilt sleep, and remove it a^ain when thou awakest.
Book I. Ch. iii.
' Sambucus niyra.
"^ This talk of "emmets horses " is merely a misunderstanding of the ImrofivpfiriKes of Aristoteles. Hist. Anim. viii. 27. The translation hy Plinius, " formicse pennata;," that is, male ants, is commonly ac-
cepted as true, of course, but it is both philologically and physically unsatisfactory.
^ Allium sativum.
' Erythrcea centaureum.
'■' One of the sedum tribe, or all.
" Saponaria officinalis.
44
LJ5CE BOC.
6pr pi]? j?on ilcan pepmob [^efobenne on pastepe on nipiim cytele bo op lieopSe Ise'c peccan ]>one fream on f eape "j popbytte mib ]7a3pe pypte li|?])an hit mjejan pie. pi]? eappicjan • jentm f micle jpeate pmbel fcpeap rpyecje ]? on pop]?ium pixS ceop on f eape he bi6 op pona.
• iiii.
Alex, Trail., lib. iv.
fol. 16 b.
Marcellus, 306, a.
Marcellus, 306, b.
Marcellus, 006, b.
IMarcellus, 306, a.
fol. 17 a.
^Lsecebomap pi^ healfjunbe -j J)?ep tracn hp8e]?ep he hit fie • 'j eac piS jealhfpile "j ]?potan • -j papenbe • pij:" fpeopcojie • xilll. cpseptaf. :•
Pi]? healpjunbe ]7onne ?epeft onjmne pe healpjunb pefan fmipe hme pona mib hpy]?epef o}?J?e fpi'Soft mib oxan jeallan p ip acunnob ymb peapa niht hi8 haL Tip J>u polbe pitan hpgBj'eji ]3 healp junb fie • jemm anjeltpasccean jehalne leje on J^a ftope ]>sd\i hit a]?puten fie "j beppeoh psefte upan mih leaptim • jip hit healp- junb biS fe pypm pyp'S to eop]?an • jip hit ne bi]? he bij? jehaL 6pt pij; healp junbe jentm celenbep -j beana tojsebepe jefobene -j aleje on Sona topepe]?. 6pt la3ce- bom pi]? ]?on ilcan jemm psetephsepepn jebsepnebne -j jwnne jejmben fmale -j pij? hunij jemenjeb *j on jebon Sona biS peh pi]? ]?on ilcan ept jalbanum hatce fuj>epne ]?ypt leje J>a on Jjone fpeoppsepc • ]?onne atih'S hio mib ealle ]7a ypelan psetan uc -j ]?one junb.
Pi]? ]7on ilcan ept bepen melo 'j hluttoji pic -j peax • •j ele menj tofomne feo}) bo cmhtef 6p]>e cilbep mije- Jjan to to onle^ene bo on ]7one junb. prS healp junbe
' Cf. Galeu, vol. x. p. 881, ed. 1825.
LEECH r.OOK. T. 45
12. Again for the same, try wormwood sodden in Book I. water in a new kettle, remove it from the hearth, let ^'^" '^' the steam reek upon the ear, and when the a'pplication^ has gone in, close up the ear with the wort. Against earwigs, take the mickle great windlestraw^ witli two edges, which waxeth in highways, chew it into the ear, he, the insect, will soon be off.
IV.
Leechdoms against a purulent humour in the neck, and tokens of it, whether it be such, and also for wellings in the jowl and throat and weasand, and against quinsy. Fourteen receipts.
2, Against a purulence^'^ in the neck, when first the " Struma, Mar- neck ratten begins to exist, smear it soon with gall of ^^''^"^•
a beeve, or best of an ox ; it is a tried remedy ; in a
few nights he will be whole. If thou wouldst know
whether it be neck purulence,^ take an earthworm '' A strumou.';
entire, lay it on the place where the annoyance is, and
wrap up fast above with leaves ; if it be neck ratten
the worm tm'neth to earth, if it be not, he, the
patient, will be whole. Again for neck ratten, take
coriander and beans sodden together, and lay on, soon
it removes the disease. Again, a leechdom for the
same, take a water crab burnt and then rubbed small
and mingled with honey and done on, or applied,
soon he will be well. For the same again, a southern
wort has been called galbanum, lay it on the neck
pain, then it draweth altogether out the evil wet or
humour and the ratten.
3. For the same again, mingle together bere or harley meal and clear pitch ^ and wax and oil, seethe " Kesin- this, add a boys or a childs mie, nnake into an ex- ternal application on the matter. For ratten in the
' It ; the application, because ] - Cynosurus cristatus, some ; l*ceam is masculine. | . Igrostis spica venti, some.
46 L^CE BOO.
eyt Jjfejie jieaban netelan pyptcpuman jej'obenne on ecebe -j jebeatenne *j on peaxhlajrey pij^an on aleb • pj: ye ^unb bi]^ ];onne onpnnenbe fio jpealj: lime cobjii]:!) • ji]: lie bi]? ealb hio lime ontynS -j fpa afrili5 p yj:el ut: o]> f lie lial bi5. :•
GfC pi]7 ]?on mamjpealb tacn -j lascebom piS healj*- junbe 6p])e jeajlfpile ' oS6e J?]iotan o]?]?e payenbe • Sio abl t]' tpejea cynna. 0];ep if on ];am ^eajle -j |7onne mon Jpone mu]? ontyn^ bi]? jehppej^eji jefpoUen "j bi]? jieab 3'mb ]>a lipsectrunja • *j ne msej fe man e]jelice efiian ac bij> afmojiob • ne m^j eac nalit popfpeljan ne pel fpjiecan ne fcemiie nsep]? • ne bi^ ]?eop abl lip£e]:'epe to ppecne. Oj^eji "ip ponne on ]7?e]ie ]?jiotan bi]? fpyle -j lypfen fe ne msej nah"c jecpej^an -j biS pe fpile je on ]?am fpeopan je on )?8epe tunjan • ne msej fe man pel e]jian • ne J)one fpeopan on cejipan • ne hip lieapob popS on hylban f he hif napolan jefeon mseje • *j fol. 17 ii. butan 111]' man pa];op tilije he bi}? ymb j^peo mho
jepajien. Tip fie ])?epe able bpyne Innan j^ssp fcjianj •p mon ne mseje utan jefeon fio bij? *Sy ppecenjie. Tip ]7onne fie^ on jehpa^l^epe liealpe pa ceacan afpollen •j fio ]?potu -j J)u pa tacn jefeo ponne fona Iset pu him blob on sebpe • jip pu f pujihteon ne mseje fceappa htm pa pcancan f Mm beah.
Sele hnn fceajipne pyptbpenc pyjme him metef iBptep pon bepmb pone fpeopan 'j leje on Isecebomaf pa pe utteon pa ypelan psetan -j pset faji ponne bip pseji pyppe pen. Pypc him pa pealpe jentm fpmep ]iyfle jefmype ane bpabe pannan Innepeajibe mib pam jiypele pyl ponne peopp jofe fceapn to on pa pannan -j jeplece 'j ponne hit fy jemylt bo ponne on Imenne claS leje on p paji *j befpepe bo f pel opt on on bsej • 'j bip fpa betejie fpa
' Seaslfpi)'e, MS. j - Ecad fien.
LEECH BOOK. T. 47
neck again, use a root of the red nettle sodden in Book T. vinegar and beaten, laid on in the manner of a cake ^ ''• '^' of was; if the matter be then beginning, the salve driveth it away ; if it be old it openeth it, and so the evil riseth out till he be hale.
4. Again for that, a manifold token and a leech dom for the neck ratten or jowl swelling or swelling of the throat or weasand. The disease is of two kinds ; the one is in the jowl, and when one openeth the mouth it is both swollen and is red about the uvula ; and the man can not easily breathe, but will be smothered ; he can not also swallow aught nor speak well, nor hath he voice ; this disorder, however, is not dangerous. Another sort is when there is a swelling in the throat and purulence, he, the 'patient, may not speak aught, and the swelling is both on the neck and on the tongue ; the man can not well breathe, nor turn his neck nor lean forward his head so that he may see his navel ; and except one attend to him somewhat speedily, in about three days he will be deceased. If the burning of the disease within be strong, yet there are no external signs of it, it is so much the more dangerous. If then on either side the jaws be swollen and the throat, and thou see the tokens, then soon let thou him blood on a vein ; if thou may not carry that through, scarify for him his shanks, that doth him good.
5. Give him a sharp wort drink, warn him off meat, after that bandage the neck, and lay on leechdoms which may draw out the evil humour and the sore, there will be then hope of recovery. Work him the salve thus; take swines fat, smear the inside of a broad pan with the fat, boil up, then east goose sharn into the pan, and make lukewarm, and when it be melted then put it on a linen cloth, lay it on the sore, and swathe up, apply that pretty often in a day, and it will be the better the oftener thou renewest
48 LiECE P.OO.
])U oftoji ebnipafc ];a j^ealfe -j oj:tO)i onlejefc fio tilrS f yfel lit. :•
PiJ> healj'junbe jeriim peax 'j ele jeinen^ pi}» poyan blofcman •-] jemelt; trojsebepe bo ];9ep on, pi]? fpeoji- fol. 18 a. cop>e pypc on lecjenbe pealpe • jentm peajipep jelynbo
•j bepan fmepu -j peax ealpa em pela pypc to fealpe ^ Alex. Trail, fmijie mib. ^Gpt: pij? ]7on ilcan jtp ]>u pmbe hpitne Paul.'iEoin. lumbej' Jjofc abpije pione -j je^nib *j afypt -j jeliealb f "'• ^^* pi]> j^aepe fpeojicoj^e -j J^onne ]?eapp pie menj pi]; liunij
fmipe Jjone fpeopan mib f bij> fcpanj pealp "j job pr5 fpelcjie ablapunje -j bpune]7an -j pi]> ];apa ceacna ^e- fpelle oS6e afmopunje • fceal ];eali fe hunb ban jnajan ffiji • ]?y bi]? fe ]?ofr lipit -j micel jip J;u lime nimefc -j jabejiafr: set pylne^ ]?onne ne bi]> he to unfpete to jefrmcanne • ]?onne pceal mon ]?one jeajl eac fpillan jelome on J>8epe able • -j fpoljettan eceb pi}? pealt je- menjeb. 6pt pipleapan feapep ]?py bollan pulle lytle pceal popcuuolftan. pij? fpeopcoSe ept japleac jejniben on eceb f j^e fie pi]? paeteji jemenjeb fpille ]?one jeajl mib ]?y. pi]? fpeopco]?e ept pijep feopo]?a feo]? on jefpettum fol. 18 b. psetepe fpille }?a ceolan mib ]5y jip pe fpeopa pap pie
pyn eac ]?a fpillmja lipilum bate J?onne ip eac to ]?ip]'e able jepet I? mon unbep ]?8epe tunjan Isete blob o]?}?e op eapme "j on mojijen on fppenje • jip hit ]?onne cniht fie Iset on ]?am fpeopan • *j on psepe able ip to pop- py pnanne piuej' -j plsepcep fpi]?0]'c ])y l^ej' fio ceole fie afpoUen. :•
Pi]? ]?on jip mannep muS pap fie jemm betonican -j jetpipula leje on ]?a peolope. To mu5 j'ealpe -j to
' Read yyWc. In Lye jillen, omentum, is an eiTor for yylmen.
LEECH BOOK. T. 49
the salve and the oftcner thou layest on. It will Book I. draw the evil out.
6. For matter in the neck, take wax and oil, mingle with rose blossoms and melt together, put this thereon. For swerecothc oy quinsy, work an onlaying salve. Take suet of bull and grease of bear, and wax, even quantities of all, work to a salve, smear with it. Again for the same, if thou find a white thost ^ of " Album
111 • T !• T'f>» Till' Griccuni.
hound, dry it and rub it, and siit it, and hold it against the swerecothe, and when need be mingle with honey, smear the neck with it, that is a strong salve and good for such upblowing or inflation and brunella,^ and for swelling* of the jaws, or smothering. The hound must gnaw a bone ere he dro'ppeth the thost, then will the thost be white and mickle ; if thou takest and gatherest it at the flxU, then it is not too unsweet of smell ; one shall further often also swill the jowl in this disease, and swallow vinegar mingled with salt. Again, he shall swallow down three bowls of the juice of cinquefoil, little ones. For swerecothe or quinsy again, use garlic rubbed in vinegar which be mingled with water, swill the jowl with that. For quins}^, again, seethe the siftings of rye on sweetened water, swill the gullet with it, if the swere be sore, let the swillings also be whilom hot. Besides it is also laid down for this disease, that blood be let under the tongue or from an arm, and on the morrow apply a clyster. Further if it be a boy, let (blood) on the neck ; and in this disease it is well to warn off (the sick) from wine, and specially from flesh meat, lest the gullet be swollen.
In case that a mans mouth be sore, take betony and triturate it, lay it on the lips. For a mouth
' A disease resembling diphtheria ; otherwise, Prima. VOL. II. D
50 L^CE BOC.
jeblejenabjie 'cim;5an ppleajre • 'j lapembel leap }>yl on p£Ete]ie hajra lan^e on muSe "j jelome. Jij: monney ojiaS fie pul jenim bepen mela job. -j clsene hunij 'j hpir peak jemenj eall tofomne *j jnib ];a te]> mib fpiSe 'j jelome. :■
.VI.
Lfficebomap pi}* toS psepce *j yi]) pyjimum je pi]; ]?am upejian toSece je pij; ]?am' nij^epan. :•
^ Herbar. Pi]> toj? paepce -^ betomcan feoS on pme oj; };]iibban
^ ^" ■ *■ ■ btel fpile j7onne jeonb ]?one muS lanje bpile.
Pi6 to]? psejice jip pyjim ete • jemm ealb holen leap fol. 19 a. -j heojiot cjiop neo}>epeajibne -j paluian upepeajibe bepj^^l
rpy bael on psetpe jeot on bollan "j jeona ymb Jjonne peallaS ];a pj=]imap on );one bollan. ^ip pyjim ete ]>& te'S jemm opeji jeape holen jimbe *j eopop }>jiotan mopan pel on fpa hatum^ hapa on mu]?e fpa hat fpa \>u hatoft mseje. Pi]? to8 pyjimum jenim ac mela 'j beolonan pseb -j peax ealpa em pela menj tosomne pyjic to peax canbelle • -j baepn la;t jieocan on ];one muS bo bl?ec hpasjl unbep ])onne pealla]? ];a ])y]iinap on.
Pi8 to]? ptejice jebsepn hpit j-ealt -j japleac bepec on jlebum jebpseb "j bepenb -j pipo]i *j ftjifelpypt jejnib eal tofomne leje on, :
yip top pjBpce hpepnep pot ])el on pme neo]?opeajibne oSSe on ecebe j'up fpa "Su hatoft mseje. pi]? toSpsepce
I'll^fi, MS. I - hacum jwcjie
LEECH nOOK. 1. 5]
salve and for a blained tongue, boil in water iiveleaf, l5ook I. that is, cinque/oil, and bramble leaves, have it long in ^' ^"
the mouth and frequently. If a mans breath be fijul, take good barley meal and clean honey and white salt,' mingle all together, and rub the teeth with it much and frequently.
VI.
1. Leechdoms for sharp pain in the teeth and for worms, either for the upper tooth ache or for tlie nether.
2. For tooth wark, seethe betony in wine to the third part, then swill the mouth thoroughly for a long while.
3. For tooth wark, if a worm eat the tooth, take an old holly leaf and one of the lower umbels of hart- wort,^ and the upward ^^ar^ of sage, boil two doles" in water, pour into a bowl and yawn over it, then the worms shall fall into the bowl. If a worm eat the teeth, take holly rind over a year old, and root of carline thistle, boil in so hot water 1 hold in the mouth as hot as thou hottest may. For tooth worms, take acorn meal and henbane seed and wax, of all equally much, mingle these together, work into a wax candle, and burn it, let it reek into the mouth, put a black cloth under, then will the worms fall on it.
4. For tooth wark, burn white salt and. garlic, make them smoke on gledes, roast and tear to pieces, and add pepper and clubmoss, rub all together and lay on.
5. For tooth wark, boil in wine or in vinegar the netherward part of ravens foot,* sup as thou hottest may. For tooth wark, bray together to dust rind
1 That is, tlie best, purest salt. - Seseli ; perhaps, however, Hart- bramble, Rhamnus, may be meant.
^ That is, two of worts to one of water,
' Ranunculus ficaria.
D 2
52
L^CE BOC.
fol. 19 b.
Marcellus, 296, h.
linutbeamej" jimbe -j ]?ojni jimbe jecnua to bufre abpij on pannan fniS utan ];a te]; yceab on jelome. :•
Pyjic ]>nY to]>yesi[\:e ofejifsepifc jimb -j hunij 'j pipoji men5 cosomne leje on • pypc eac j^ealjre op penpypre on J?a ilcan pipan. :•
]}i]> ]>am upepan Co]?ece jemm pi})opmban leap appmj on J)a nofu, ])i]> ]?am ni]7epan coj^ece plit mib J?e po]?opne o]> peet Ine bleben. :•
Gpc jentm elmep pmbe jebsepn to alifan jemenj J)a ahpan pi|p psetep -j afeoh hapa j^eet paiteji lanje on mujje. 6pt jemm jeappan ceop fpijje. :•
Herbar. Apul. i. 13.
.VII.
Tip mon blobe hjitece jenim betonican fjJilce fpa .III. penejaf jepejen jejnib on jsete meolc pele ]>]\y bajaf ]>py bollan pulle to bjuncanne. :•
fol. 20 a.
.VIII.
]}i\> blsece on -jplitan pyl to bsej^e pencepfan -j neo- }?opea]ibne fecj • cepcpmbe eappan pyl on psetepe lanje be]7e mib.
To pealpe pij> bls&ce on "jplitan • omppan neojjopeajibe J>a ]>e fpimme bo pealt to -j pbetan -j cej. bpip y^-]> blsece on 'jplitan jemelte ealb fpic bpip on }?on • bo jejpunbenne pipop on • -j cpopleac hpsetenep melpej* tpy bsel fpilce ymy pipopep apyl lipset lipeja • jemm )?8ep ];peo fnseba jepefc a3ptep peapme. piS blsece jemm heopotep hojm jebsepn to ahpan "j fpepl -j je- bsepneb pealt ^ pic to alifan 'j fpa oftep pcella -j je- cnupa omppan finale "j jemenj eall to bjiij'e -j fmipe
LEECH 1500K. J.
Oo
of nut tree and thorn rind, dry then in a pan, cut ' ilic teeth on the outside, shed on frequently.
6. Work a tooth salve thus, min2:le together oversea rind" and honey and pe})per, lay on. Work also a salve of wenwort in the same wise.
7. For the upper tooth ache, take leaves of withe- wind, Avring them on the nose. For the nether tooth ache, slit Avith the tenaculum, till they bleed.
8. Again, take elms rind, burn to ashes, mingle the ashes with water and strain, hold the water long in the mouth. Again, take yarrow, chew it much.
Book I. Ch. vi.
Vll.
1. If a man break up blood, take as much betony as three pennies weigh, rub in goats milk, give for three days three bowls full to drink.
viii.
1. For a blotch on the face, boil for a bath fencress^ and the nether ward j;«ri of sedge,* ash rind, tares, boil long in watei-, bathe therewith.
2. For a salve against a blotch in the face, use the nether ward part of dock, which will swim,^ add to it salt and curds and egg. A brewit for a blotch on the face, melt old lard, on that a brewit, add ground pep- per, and cropleek,^ two doles of wh eaten meal as well as of the pepper, boil a little, take of it three slices, after that go to bed and get warm. For a blotch, take harts horn, burn to ashes, and sulfur, and burnt salt and pitch burnt to ashes, and so oyster shells, and beat sorrel' small, and mingle all into a brewit, smear
' By Sect. 7, it appeal's by te]> is meant the gums, cohiieoman. - Cinnamon. ^ Nasturtium officinale. * Carex.
'■" This seems by Gerarde to be duckweed, Lcmna. " Allium sativum. ' Rumex Acetusa.
54
L/ECE BOC.
niib. 6pt; j-ealp pel on aj>ybum I'ceapejf fmejiupe hse^- Jjopnep blolrman -j ]ni fmalan fmjpenan -j pubupopan nienj ]7onne hpitcpubii pi]? "j hpon biitepan. :•
Cf. Marcell. 290, c.
fol. 20 b.
.Villi.
rtp men ypne blob op nebbe to IpiSe jennn jpene betomcan -j puban jecnupa on eceb jeppmj tofomne fpilce ]-ie an plah fcms on Jja nofu. blob peten bifceop pypt nio];opea]ibe ere o^Se on meolce bpmce. Blob feten epc gemm liejeclipan jebmbe on fpeopan.
blob fecen ept fppmj pypt bo on eape. :■
Blob peten ept pejbpreban bo on eape. :•
blob peten ept jebal bepen eap beftmje on eape fpa he nyte. Sume pip pjiitat) -{- sejpyn • thon • ftpiith • pola apspenn • tajit • fuputh • on • tpia • enn • piath • liathu • mojipana • on hsel i-f- ajia • cajm • leou • jpotL • peopn • Hi • ppil ♦ cjionbi • p • |XI • nipo • cpon • sepcpio • epmio • aeR • leNo • je hopfe je men blob feten. :•
]}ip jeihote -j jepoi'um • jemm oxna lyb ni]7epeapb jecnupa pel piS pastpe • jip liio fie jpene ne bo J?u ]?8ep psetep to ppinj J>onne on ^ neb. :•
Marcellus, 291, e.
.XI.
PjP pajium peolojium jefmipe mib hunije J)a peolopaj- gemm |?onne se;^eppelman bepceab mib pipope leje on. :•
.XII.
^Pi]7 pouum muj^e jentm omppan 'j ealbne fpinef pyple pypc to pealpe fete on ]?one pen- bsel. pi]? ceolan
' KwLKhs (Tiraarfios.
- you, here is a contraction of ])ohan, j^ogan.
LEECH BOOK. I. 55
therewith. Again, a salve, boil in pressed sheeps grease, \'°"'^..i; hawthorns blossoms, and the small stonecrop and wood- rofic, then mingle mastic therewith and a little butter.
IX.
1. If blood run from a mans nose too much, take green betony and rue, pound them in vinegar, twist them together like as it might be a sloe, poke it into the nose. A blood stopper; eat the netherward part of bishopwort or drink it in milk. To stop blood ao-ain, take hedge cleavers, bind it on the neck.
2. As a blood stancher again, put springwort' into the ear.
3. To stop blood again, put way broad" into the ear.
4. To stop blood again, poke into the ear a whole ear of bere or havley ; so he be unaware of it. Some
write this : either for horse or
man, a blood stancher.
For snot and })oses or catarrhs; take the nether- ward part of stinking hellebore,^ pound it well with water ; if it be green do not apply water to it, then wring on the nose.
xi.
For sore lips, smear the lips with honey, then take film of egg, scatter it with pepper, and lay on.
xii.
For distorted mouth, take dock and old swines grease, work to a salve, set on the wry part. For swelling of gullet, for that, everfern^ also shall come
' Euforbia laihyris. i ^ Helleborus viridis.
- Plantago maior. | ' Poh/podium vulgare.
56 L^CE BOC.
Ipile pi]? ]?on pceal eopjipeajm eac I'pa -j jyj'jiipaii pyl on meolce flip }'onne -j jebej^e mib. ])\]? ceolan fpile bipceop pypt; aCeplaSe niSepeapbe -j claran ]'yl on ealaS. :•
.XIII.
■^ PiS haep pceapbe hpic cpubu jecnupa fpiSe fmale
bo sesep f hpite to -j menj Ipa ]m belu teapoji 6n-
foL 21 a. fniS mib peaxfe feopa mib feolce psefce fmipe mib ]7onne
mib p»8epe pealpe utan "j mnan asp pe feoloc potije •
jip tofomne teo pece mib hanba fmipe ept pona. :
.XIIII.
pi]? pea^an • jiecelp lytel I'pepl fpejlef aBppel peax jinjipep ]7uph hopn bjimce • liunan hapocpypt on hlurcpum ealo6.
.XV.
Alex. Trail. ' Pi]' hpof ran hu he mippenlice on mon beciime ^ hu
1 . V. ini 10. j^^^, ^^^^ tilian fcyle. Se hpofra hsepS mamjpealbne
rocyme fpa 'pa. fpatl beoS mippenhcu • hpilum cymS
op unjemetpgej'Cpe ho3t:o • hpilum op unjemetpseptum
cyle • ]^pilum op unjemethcpe bpijneppe.
Pypc bpenc pi]? hpofcan • jeniin miicjpyjir feo]? on cypepenum citele -j pyl o]? ]3 hio^ fie fpi]7e ]?icce • -j hio" fie op hpsetenum mealte gepojiht ^enim ]7onne eopop- peapnef maept: bifceop pypt: • hmb heoloSan • bpeopje bpofclan fmjpenan bo to eall on pset fele bpmcan mib- fol. 21 b. belbajum -j pojija pup -j fealtep jehpset. pi]) hpoftan
> B57|. I - Head he.
LEECH BOOK. I.
57
into use, and boil cockle in milk, them sup some and bathe with it. For swelling of gullet, boil in ale bishopwort, the netherward part of attoiiothe, and burdock.
Book I. Ch. xii.
Xlll.
For hair Hp, pound mastic very small, add the white of an egg, and mingle as thou dost vermillion, cut with a knife the false edges of the lip, sew fast with silk, then smear without and within with the salve, ere the silk rot. If it draw together, arrange it with the hand ; anoint again soon.
xiv.
For watery congestions^ called KXvlmsc, a little incense, some sulfur, beetle nut, wax, ginger ; let the ixitient drink through a horn horehowa.^ and hawk wort ^ in clear ale.
XV.
For host or cough, how variously it comes ujoon a man, and how a man should treat it. The host hath a manifold access, as the spittles are various. Whilom it cometli of immoderate heat, whilom of immoderate cold, whilom of immoderate dryness.
2. Work thus a drink against cough. Take mugwort,'' seethe it in a cojDper kettle, and boil till it* be very thick, and let it* be wrought of wheaten malt ; then take of everfern most, bishopwort, water agrimony,^ pennyroyal,'' singreen,^ set all in a vat, give to drink at the middays, and forego what is sour and every-
' Bpo7xoKTiA77, perhaps. - Hicracium. ^ Artemisia vulgaris. ' The gender of the pronoun makes it refer to the wort, whereas
the process seems to require a mas- culine, referring to the potion.
^ Eupatorium cannabinum.
** 3Ientha pulegium.
^ Sempervivuvi tectorum.
58 L^CE BOC.
ejzt; . jemm Imnan feoS on psetejie lele I'pa peapme bp.incan. :•
Gyt jenim clifpypt fume men hata'S poxep clipe fume eapypt • 'j hio yy jepopht opeji mibne fumop feo]? ]7a on psecepe o]> f bpibban^ bsel p'sep popep op fie pele bpmcan J^pipa on bsej.
PiS hpofcan ept jentm fsemmtan pyl on eala]? pele
V bpmcan. 6ptr jennn fppacen bepmbpeb pyl on ealaS
]"ele bpmcan. :•
6ft: 5en[i]m hopn jeapj^an jieabe nerelan pyl on meolce. Gpc jentm pij> Lpofcan -j pi]? anjbpeofre ]-la- pian jobne bsel bo bollan pnlne jnnep to bepyl ppibban bsel on |)a pypte fupe on niht neptij. :•
6pr ^^ennn majmbian j^yl on ealaS bo pipoji on. 6pt; yip anjbpeofce jip men fie bpije hpofra • jemrn fpicep fnsebe J>ynne lege on liatne fcan fceab cyraeb on fete hopn on bpmce ]?onne fmic. :•
PiJ? bpijum hpoftan ept jentm eolonan *j jalluc ete on bunijep teape. :•
fol. 22 a. .XVI.
V ]}i]> bjieoft paspce jenim ]>Sb lytlan culmillan -j cymeb
]iyl on hluttpum eala]? fupe 'j bpmce. 6pt jemni bpeopje bpoftlan -j jyj^pipan kyncean pelle on hlut- tpum ealaS bpmce fcenc pulne on neaht neptij, :•
Pyl on ealaS pijp ]?on ilcan pnul mapubian betomcan •j bpmce. pijj bpeoft ]?8epce jentm puban • hunan -j
' Eead ^pibban = Sjiibba.
LEECH BOOK. I. 59
thing salt. Again for host, take horehound, seethe in ^^^^^ I- water, administer it so warm to drink.
3. Again, take clifFwort,' some men call it foxes cliff", some riverwort, and let it be wrought past midsummer, seethe it in water till the third part of the wash be off", give it thrice a day to be drunk.
4. For host again, take sea mint, boil it in ale, give to drink. Again, take black alder rendered and purified, boil it in ale, give it to be drunk.
5. Again, take hove," yarrow, red nettle,"^ boil them in milk. Again, take against host and against breast anguish,* a good portion of slary,^ add a bowl full of wine, boil away a third part on the wort ; let the patient sup it at night fasting.
6. Again, take marrubium, boil it in ale, add pepper. Again, for breast anguish, if a man have a dry host, take a thin slice of lard, lay it on a hot stone, shed cummin on it, set it on a horn,*^ let the p)('dient drink in the smoke.
7. For a dry cough again, take elecampane and comfi'ey ; let the 'patient eat them in virgin honey.
XVI.
1. For acute pain in the breast, take the little centaury and cummin, boil in clear ale, let the patient sip and drink. Again, take pennyroyal and cockle, artichoke, let him boil in clear ale, let him drink a cup fall at night fasting.
2. Boil in ale for the same, fennel, marrubium, betony, and let the patient drink. For pain in the breast, take rue, /lorehound and abrotanon,'^ rub to-
' Arctium lappa. -' Glechoma hederacea. ' Lamium purpureum. ^ Angina pectoris seems too limited.
^ Salvia sclarea.
'^ Lye understands cj'meb as Xa^aibpis, germander, going by the syllables.
' Artemisia abrotanon.
60 LMCE BOC.
appotanan jejnib toSomne I'msele on moptepe menj pi-S liumj -j ])]iy bajal" selce basj lep mete ]?pie cuclep
. XVII.
PiJ? heojit; psejice jTuban jelm I'eo]? on ele 'j bo alpan ane yntfan ro fmijie mib ]?y ]5 frilS ]7am fape. pi]; heopt ece jip linn on Innan heapb heopt psepc fie ]?onne Inm pyx]? pmb on ]?8ejie heoptan 'j hme J'ejeS ]7upft; "j bi]? unmelitijlic. :•
Pypc htm ]?onne fcan bseS 'j on J^am ete lu]7epne
pasbic mib j^ealte ]?y msej pefan fio punb jehseleb.
fol. 22 b. pi]? lieopot ece eft jentm 5iJ>pi]:an {eo\> on meolce yele
bjiincan • vi. bajaf. :•
6]:t nio];epeapb ejroppeapn 5y]?]nj:an • pe5bp8e[ban] pyl toj'omne pele bpmcan. pi8 liiopot ece ejit jenim pipop • -j cymen • "j coft ^ejnib on beo*^ o]>]>e on psetpe yele bpmcan. :•
.XVIII.
Paul, ^gineta, ]Dponan ]-e micla jeoxa cume o]?]?e hu hif mon
Al^x" Tr 11 ^icatf pcule. Se cymS op ]?am fpiSe acoloban mag an .
vii. 15. o])])e op ]7am to fpiSe ahatoban ♦ oSSe op to micelpe
olHwcl'x Fylls • o]>]?e op to micelpe Isepnepj-e <• oSSe op ypelum
psetan • plitenbum 'j fceoppenbum ];one majan • jip
}7onne fe j-eoca man ]?uph fpipebpenc afpipS }>one ypelan
bitenban psetan on pej • ]jonne popftent j-e jeolila • fpipe
pa beah J^am monnum ])e po-^ pylle jihfa j-lih^ oSSe
popjjon ye hie iNnan pcyppS 'j eac j'e jeohfa pe ]>e op
])i£Y ypelan psetan micelnyj-pe cym^S htepS }?eappe fpip-
bpmcef • pe pypcS micelne pnopan eac -j fe hme bet •
ponne pe jeohfa op Jjsepe iblan pambe cymS "j op J^sepe
LEECH BOOK. I. Gl
gctlier small in a mortal-, mingle with honey, and for pook I. three clays, every day before meat, let tliG imtient take Ch. xvi. three spoons full.
xvii.
For pain in the heart, seethe a handful of rue in oil, and add an ounce of aloes, rub the body with that, it stilleth the sore. For heart ache, if there be to him within, a hard heart wark, then wind waxeth in the heart for him, and thirst vexes him and he is languid.
2. Work him then a stone bath, and in that let him eat southern radish^ with salt, by that the wound may be healed. For heart ache again, take githrife, seethe it in milk, give to drink for six days.
8. Again, boil together the netherward part of ever- fern, githrife, and waybroad ; give to drink. For heart ache again, take pepper and cummin and costmary, rub them into beer, or into water, administer to drink.
xviii.
We here explain whence the mickle hicket^ cometh, and how a man should treat it. It cometh from the very chilled maw, or from the too much heated onaw, or from too mickle fulness, or of too mickle leerness, that is errhptiness, or of evil wet or humour rending and scarifying the maw. If then the sick man by a spew drink speweth away the evil biting wet, then the hicket abateth. A spew then is good for the men whom hicket teareth for fulness, or in case it scarifieth them within ; and also the hicket which cometh of the mickleness of the evil wet or humour, hath need of a spew drink, which eke worketh mickle sneezing, and amendetli the sick. When the hicket cometh of the
' Rhafanus sativa.
"^ Holland and old writers spell Hicket, the moderns " hiccup," " hic- " cough,"
G2
LyECE EOC
fol. 23 a. jelasjian ne bet ];one i'e j;no]ia. jip I'e jeohfa op cile
cume ]?onne fceal mon mib pypmenbum Jjinjum lacman fpile fpa pipoji "ip -j o];pa pepmenba pypta o]>]>e jiuhan jejnibe mon optn ' j'elle bpmcan • o]>])e mepcef yveh mib pme^ o]>]>e eceb^ pelle bpmcan oS6e mtntan bpoS
Correct cy men, op];e mojian • oS8e cymenef o]>])e jmjippan hpilum an- lepij fpa jepenobe • hpilum ];a pypta tojsebepe jebon on p pof pelle bjimcan • jtp op hatum ppetan ypelum on pone majon gefamnobum fe jeohfa cume -j he jepele f fe lime mnan fceoppe on ]7one majan • pele hmi };onne placu ppetep bjimcan fpi]?e hat • jebo j^onne pepejie on ele fcmje him jelome on ];a hpacan f he maje fpipan* j'ele htm pij? jeohfan cealb psetep "j eceb bpmcan -j appotanan jejnibene on pme.
fi'om the Hel lenic
Cf. Paul, -ffiginet. lib. iii. 37. ed. Aid. fol. 43 a. line 3.5. NauTi'a. 'Arop6|i'a. fol. 23 h.
.X Villi.
PiJ> plsettan ]>am men pe hme ne lyft hip metej' ne li])ep o^8e on majan untpum fie • oJ)]?e bitepe hprece • BOP'S jeallan -j pipop bjimce on peajimum psetepe pjiy bollan pulle on niht neptij. Gpt yip platunje puban pepmob bifceop pyjit mapubian pyl on ealaS fpipe ^efpet mib hunije leolitlice • jebyimc fpa hate]' fpa piii blob fie fcenc pulne bo fpa ponne pe peapp j'le. :■
.XX.
pip j'culboji prepce ealbep fpinej- topb psep pe pelb- janjenbe fie menj pi^ ealbne ]iy]'ele jepypme leje on f beah pip pculbop ptepce je piS pib pjepce • pi's breofc prejice • -j pip lenbenpsepce. 6pu pyl betomcan -j nep- tan on ealo^ pele bpmcan jelome -j fimle set pype jefmipe mib penpypte. 6pt jenim fpmep pceapn peep pe on bun lanbe -j pyjitum libbe msenj pip ealbne pyj'ele
For on jnn.
2 Not the same case.
LEECH BOOK. T. 63
foul wamb and of the leer (yr emi^ty one, the sneezing Book i. doth not amend it. If the hicket come of chill, then ^''- ''^"'• shall a man cure it with warming things, such as pepper is, and other warming worts, or let one rub rue and give it in wine to drink ; or give seed of marche with wine or vinegar, or broth of mint or carrot,'^ '^ aomkov, Gr. or cummin, or ginger, at times singly andj so pre- pared. At whiles give to drink the worts together put into the wash. If the hicket come of hot evil humours collected into the maw, and the side onan feel that it scarifieth him within in the maw, give him then lukewarm water to drink " very hot," then put a feather in oil, poke him frequently in the throat that he may spew ; give him against hicket cold water and vinegar to drink, and abrotanon rubbed in wine.
xix.
Against loathing or nausea, for the man who hath no lust for his meat nor for his cup, or be infirm in the maw, or hreaketh bitter, as in heartburn, let him drink earthgall and pepper in warm water, three bowls full at night fasting. Again for loathing, boil strongly in ale slightly sweetened with honey, rue, wormwood, bishbpwort, marrubiura, drink of this as hot as thy blood be, a cup full, do so when need be to thee.
XX.
Against shoulder pain, mingle a tord of an old swine, which be a fieldgoer, with old lard, warm it, lay it on, that is good for shoulder pain or for side pain, for breast wark and for loin wark. Again, boil betony and nepeta in ale, give to drink frequently, and always at a fire smear with wenwort. Again, take sham of swine, which liveth on the downland and on worts, mingle with old lard, lay on, and let the patient drink
04
L^CE T,OC.
leje on 'j bjiinc' betonican on jefpertum pme • jij: pefep liabbe bjimce on pserejie. :•
nxfvpiTts.
fol. 24 a.
Herbar. Apul. i. 9.
.XXI.
Pi]; ]'iban j^ape ]7£ejie lpi]?pan bojen -j pebic *j hpite clfiepjian pyjic ro clame "j to bpence. pij> ]?se]ie pmef- rjian fiban fape pubupipan jecnupa on eceb -j pypc to clame jebmb on |;a fiban. GjTc betonican fpilc fpa ]y]\y penejaf jepejen • -j pipopep feop on *j xx. copna to Somne jetpipulab. jeot ealbep pmep Jjpy bollan pulle to • -j jeplece pele nilitnej'ti^um bpmcan. Gpt piS fiban pape jmban piS pypele^ jemenjeb "j jebeaten lecje on ];a fiban p bet, ])i]> piban pajie ept laupep cpoppan jebeate bjimce on j'cetepe 'j on }»a fiban l>inbe, ^Pi]> fiban fape ept caulep pypttjiuman jebsepn to alifan -j yi]) ealbne pypele jeraenj -j aleje on ]>a piban.
Cf. Herbar. Apul. i. 10.
Cf. Marcell. 353, c.
fol. 24 b.
.XXII.
Pi]? lenben ece jenim betonican fpilce tpejen penejaf jepejen bo |?8Gpto fpetep pmej- tpejen bollan pulle menj pi]? hat pgeteji pele nihtneptij bjiincan. Gpt jenim jpunbe fpel^ean jebeat -j f peap pele bpmcan niht- neptijum.
pi]> lenben ece ealipep liatte pypt jnib on eala]? -j bpmce ]>a. 'Pi]> }>on ilcan hunbep tunje hatte pyjit jenim ]>a. leap abpij -j ^ejnib to melupe jenim jjonne Ibepen mela jemenj pi]; ])a pypt ^ jebpmj J^onne on meolce.
.XXIII.
i(rx«<ij. Pi]? J^eoli ece • fmice mib peapne fpij^e J^a J;eoh. 6pt
to bpence • pipop • pin • pealpypt • Imnij. 6ac to ]?on
' Read bpmce.
- Tt) TTTjYttz'epa, Paul. iEg. aud Galen, a preparation of rue.
3 Paul, .ffiginet., lib. iii. cap. 33.
LEECH BOOK. r. 65
betony in sweetened wine. If he have fever, let liim BookL drink it in water. ' ^^'
XXI.
For sore of the right side, work thyme and radish and white clover to a paste, and to a drink. For sore of the left side, pound woodroffe in vinegar, and work it to a paste, bind it on the side. Again, betony as much as three pennies weigh, and twenty -seven corns of pepper triturated together ; pour in three bowls full of old wine, and make lukewarm, give to the patient after his nights fasting to drink. Again for sore of side, lay rue mingled with lard and beaten, on the side ; that amendeth it. For sore of side again, let him beat bunches of laurel jloiver, let him drink them in water, and bind them on the side. For sore of side again, burn to ashes roots of colewort, and mingle with old lard, and lay on the side.
xxii.
For loin ache, take betony, as much as two pennies Lumbago, weigh, add thereto two bowls full of sweet wine, mingle with hot water, give it to drink after his nights fasting. Again, take groundsel, beat it, and give the juice to drink after his nights fasting.
2. For loin ache, a wort is called ealiver,^ rub it in " Erysimum ale, and let the patient drink it. For the same, a wort Qgrarde hight hounds tongue, take the leaves, dry them, and rub them to meal, then mingle with the wort barley meal, and then apply it in milk.
xxiii.
For thigh ache, smoke the thighs thorouglily with Sciatica. fern. Again, for a drink, pepper, wine, wallwort, honey ;
VOL. n.
^6 LJECE BOC.
apulbop • popn • lejpc • cjncbeam • eoj:o]i]7]iote seycj^jiote • eloD.e • bij'ceop py]^'c • ipj . betomca • pibbe • psebic • fppacen • pipop • hpit cpubu • cofc • jmjipep • moniaca • necle • blmbe netle pipe ]7ip to bpence. jtp ]>eoli j^apan abelp nio]?opeapbne yecj pyl on psetepe Iset peocan on pset lim pre ]\lape fmijie mib j^ealpe ]?e mon Jmp pypce. Op fpmep fmeppe • pceapep fmepu • butepe • Icipteapo • pipoji • lipit cpubu • fpejlep seppel • i'pepl . cofc • eceb • ele • hpeppetre • pssbic • eolene • bifceop pypt • pealr • a3pc • apulbpe • ac • j^opn.
.XXIIII.
])i\} cneop paepce • pubu peaxe • -j hejejiijre jecnupa
]>Si tojsebejie -j bo on ealu Iset bcjean neahtejuie j'ele
him f l^onne bpmcan be|7e mib "j leje on. pi]? J»on jTp
fol. 25 a. cneop pap fie • jemm pealpyjit -j clupj^unj • peabe
netlan apyl on psetepe bej^e mib.
.XXV.
gip jcancan j'ape fynb jeiiim jij^jiipan -j boljjiunan • 'j hamoji pypT • *j beconican "j ban pyjit • 'j linpypc 'j pubn mejice • -j eopSjeallan • "j bpunpyjit peo]? on butepan fmipe mib:-
Gip' fcancan pynb fojiobe mm banj'yjit jecnupa jeot cejep ]3 lipite menj tofomne fcancpopebum men. ]}i^ fopebum hme lege ];ap pealfe on p pojiobe lim -j jrop- leje mib elmpmbe bo fpilc to • ept fimle nipa o]>f jehalob fie jepenbjia ebn jiinbe 'j apyl fpi'Se bo ]?onne op })a pmbe jentm Impjeb jejpmb bpipe pic) ];am elmep bpsence f biS 50b jpealp popebum lime.
tsiy, MS.
LEECH ROOK. I. 67
also in addition, apple tree, thorn, ash, quick! )eara, Book I. everthroat, ashthroat, helenium, bishopwort, ivy, betony, " ^^^'" ribwort, radish, spraken,^ pepper, mastic, costmary, ' Mamnus ginger, sal ammoniac, nettle, blind nettle, work this-^'""^" to a drink. If thighs be paralyzed, delve up the netherward part of sedge, boil it in water, make it reek on the limb that is helpless, smear with a salve, which a man may thus work ; from swines grease, sheeps grease, butter, ship tar,^ pepper, mastic, beetle nut, sulfur, costmary, vinegar, oil, cucumber, radish, helenium, bishopwort, salt, ash, apple tree, oak, thorn.
xxiv.
For knee pain; pound together woodwax- and hedge- rife, and put into ale ; let it lie for a night, give him then that to drink, bathe with it, and lay it on. In case that a knee be sore, take wallwort and doffing, and red nettle, boil in water, bathe therewith.
XXV.
1. If the shanks be sore, take githrife and pellitory and hammer wort and betony and bonewort and flax- wort and wild marche and earth gall and brownwort, seethe in butter, smear therewith.
2. If shanks be broken, take bonewort, pound it, pour the white of an egg out, mingle these together for the shank broken man. For a broken limb, lay this salve on the broken limb, and overlay with elm rind,'^ apply a splint, again, always renew these till the limb be healed ; clean some elm rind, and boil it thoroughly, then remove the rind, and take linseed, grind it for a brewit or paste with the elms drink ; that shall be a good salve for a broken limb.
' Fix navalis is frequent in Latin \ - Genista tinctoria. medicine of the time. j ' Cf. Aetius. I. i. v. TrreAea.
E 2
68.
L^CE BOO.
AyKiiKuffis. Marcellus, 403, d.
fol. 25 b.
.XXVI.
Gip fmo jefcjimce -j ept; • septep J?oii fpelle jemni jate tojib jemenj pi8 eceb fmit on yona halaS. CQone- jum men jefcpmcaS hip pet to hip homme pypc ba];o bo eapban to -j cepfan -j fmale netelan "j beopyjit bo on tpoh hate ftanap pel jehsette jebej^e ]7a hamma mib ]7am ftan baSe ]7onne hie fien jefpate ]7onne pecee he ]?a ban fpa he fpi])oft mseje bo fpelc to -j betepe fpa mon optop mib ]7y be]7i5e. Tip fmo clseppette mucjpypt jebeatenu -j pi]? ele jemenjeb -j on aleb. COycjpypte leap pij> jejiofobne ele jemen^ed fmijie mib |?y fona bi]> setftilleh fio cpacim;^.
.XXVII.
noSdypa. pi]^ pot ece betonicau- jeopmenleap* pmul* pibban*
ealpa empela jemenje meoluc yi]> paeteji -j ■^ tofj'ollene Apul. Herb, l^ii^ p]iam ]?£epe upeppan healpe bej^e ]>y Ifep pe fpile ii. 17. In^epite • jenime Jjonne jalluc jefobenne leje on. ]?rS
Cf. Marcellus, pota faRe 6p]ye jefpelle ppam miclum ^anje pejbpsebe 405, f. g. jetpipulab -j pi8 eceb jemenjeb, pi]? ]?on beah jpunbe
Ipelje jebeatenu -j piS pyfele jemenjeb.
Pi]7 potece jip pe pot ace mjefpice jenim mucjpypte
pyptpumaii menj pi]> ele pele etan. Vi5 pot ece ept fol. 2c a. hunan peap pi]? ele jemenjeb fmipe ]?a papan pet
mib. :•
Pi]? potece jenim ellenep leap • -j pejbpseban -j mucj-
pypt ^ecnupa le^e on -j jebmb on.
.XXVIII.
pi]? ban ece tunmjpyjit •' beolone • pealpypt ealbe jput "j eceb • heopotep fmepa o])]?e jate • o]?]?e jofe
' Tnnrm?; pyjir, TTerbarinm, cxxxviii. !^o read.
LEECH JJOOK. I. 60
XXvi. Book I.
If a sinew .shrink/'' and again after that swell, take ^, *.
'. ° . . '^ That IS, when
a she goats tord, mingle with vinegar, smudge it on, a leg is broken.
soon the simeiu healeth. In tlie case of many a man,
his feet shrink up to his hams, work baths, add tares
and cress and small nettle and beewort,* put hot
stones well heated in a trough, warm the hams with
the stone bath, when they are in a sweat, then let
him, the patient, duly arrange the bones as well as he
can, apply a splint, and it is so much the better the
oftener a man bathes with the "preparation. If a sinew
have pulsation, mug wort beaten and mingled with oil,
and laid on is good. Juice of mugwort mingled with
rose oil, smear with that, soon will the quaking be
stilled.
xxvii.
1. For foot ache, betony, germen leaves^ that is noHypa. 'mallow, fennel, ribwort, of all equal quantities ; mingle
milk with Avater, and Ijathe the swollen limb, from the upper part of it, with that, lest the swelling go inwards; then take sodden comfrey, lay it on. For sore of feet or swelling from much walking, waybread triturated and mingled with vinegar. For that dis- order, groundsel beaten and mingled with lard is good.
2. For foot ache ; if the foot ache go inwards, take mugworts roots, mingle with oil, give to eat. For foot ache again, juice of /iorehound mingled with oil, smear the sore feet with it.
3. For foot ache, take leaves of elder and waybroad and mugwort, pound, lay on, and bind on.
xxviii.
For leg ache, white hellebore, henbane, wallwort, old groats and vinegar, harts or she goats or goose
' Acorui: calamus.
7(^ LMCE BOC.
meuj tofomne leje j^onne on, pi]? banece eft to bpence eleue • cneopliolen • pealpyjit • liune • clufj^unj jecnupa bo on pseteji ]3 ofep yjme be|?e to fype fpi^e ]7one ece ]7pea mib ]?y peetepe bo f j^pipa on bsej • pypc |?onne fealpe op tim[i]nj pypte op eolonan • op J^unjc • op pepmobe bo ealpa empela ]>ylle fpi'Se.
.XXVIII I.
Marcellus, ^^F mauuep jetapa beo]; pape oSSe ajmnbene beto-
395, a. mean jetpipula on pme bej^e ]>a fapan ftopa "j ]7a
a]?unbenan mib ];y. 6pt jip hie bylfrilite fien oSSe
;^ebopfcene jenmi faluian feoS on psetepe bej^e mib ]?a
jetapa.
Part in Mar- 6pt bile jebsepneb remenj pi5 ahj-an liimig ^ pypc to
cellus, 395, d.
fol. 26 b. fealpe aj^j^eah ]>onne "j jebej^e ]?a pimba aejiept mib
hate psetepe septeji j;on mib peapme ele je fmipe on
}7am |;e psepe pip jefoben leje ponne J;a pealpe on.
.XXX.
xifxeTAof, J)jY pceal pi]j secelman -j piS J?on );e men acale f pel
op Jjam potum • jemme neo|?opeapbe mebopypt -j lufc- mocan • -j acpmbe jecnua eall to bufte ^emenj pi6 hunij lacna mib ]?y.
. XXXI.
* Oy Kos. Vi]7 selcum heapbum fpile obSe jefpelle abpije beana
•J jepeo]? butan pealte menj jjonne pi]? huuij leje on. ]}i]> })on ilcan jemm bepen melo peo]? on ecebe bo on
' Read i^emenj; \>a, ahj-an jn'S hunig.
LEECH BOOK. I. 7l
grease, mingle together, then lay on. For leg aclio Book i.
again, for a draught, lielenium, kneeliolly, or butchers '' ^•'''*'"'-
broom, waUwort, or dwarf elder, Aorehound, cloffing,^
pound these, put them in water, so that it run over,
warm at the fire thoroughly, wash the ache or aching
part with the water, do that three times a day ; then
work up a salve of white hellebore, of helenium, of
thung or wolfs bane, of wormwood, put equal quantities
of them all, boil thoroughly.
xxix.
1. If a mans instrumenta genitalia be sore or puffed out, triturate betony in wine, bathe with tliat the sore and puffed up places. Again, if they he mucous, or in eruption, take sage,' seethe in water, Imthe with that tlie instrumenta.
2. Again, take dill burnt, mingle the ashes with honey, work up to a salvo, then wash and bathe the wounds first with hot water, after that with warm oil or grease, on which myrtle has been sodden, then lay the salve on.
XXX.
This shall be good for chilblain and in case that the Pernio, skin of a mans feet come off by cold,^ let him take the netherward part of meadowwort and lustmock and oak rind, pound all to dust, mingle with honey, effect a cure with that.
xxxi.
1. For every hard tumour or swelling, dry beans and seethe them without salt, than mingle with honey, lay on. For the same, take barley meai, seethe in
' Ranunculus sceleratus. ] ^ Oy Jjam focum, off the feet,
- Cf. Myreps. xlvii. 10. | not of.
72 ].iECE BOC.
6ft; pi]7 ]?on belenan merij pi^ pyj'ele l^je on, pi& fjnle eft jebeat hunan nienj pi]? pypele leje on o8Se jate hopn jebsejmeb 'j pi]? ppeceji jemen^eb. Gyz jiypele o])]>e jelynbo pi]> japleac semenjeb -j on aleb l70ne fjnle Jjpsen]?.
]}i]> fpile efc cepfiUe jecnupab mib jiyj'ele "j on jemelt peax jebon -j on aleb bet. :•
ViS fpile eft jate fl?3fc jebsepneb to ahfan mib fol. 27 a. psetepe on jefmiten ealne ]jone fpile topepe]?. 6ft
mnipejii p ip jojift f j'seb jecnupa "j peo]? on psetepe. 6ft pmfuUe pi]» pypele jemenjeb -j pi]? lilap "j pij? celenbpan 88t • pomne jemenjeb. ])i]y yp lum pajtan "j I'pile jentm heopotep pceapo]?an op })ani hopne o]>]>e j^sej- hopnep melo menj pi]) psetep. finit on eal f popml" •j ]7one ypelan pgetan apej be]? -j abjiip]*. :•
Pi]) fpile jemm jate tyjiblu on j'ceajipum ecebe jej-oben -j on pelpe pifan on jebon.
Pi]? selcum yplum psetan mucjpypite }?a jjienan leap jetpiipulab -j pi]7 pypele jejmben tojsebepe fmipe an je }>eoli J'Pep bylftan on lynb f beali ]>i]> ]>an • je f beah eac pi]> pota ^efpelle. ^i} mnan jepypfmebuni jefpelle j^am ]?e pyjiS op pylle o]>]>e op jie^e oS^e 6f hp.icpca hpilcum • ]>&, pypt ]>e hatte plpleape • jeniiii "j jebeat "j leje on jelome oJ> ^te open fie pe fpile lacna ])onne ]>a punba fpa o}>fie punba. piS fpile ept hluttop fol. 27 b. l^ic jemm bo ahfan to feoS setjsebepe jeleje }70nne
]7one fpile mib ]»y jelome. pi]? fpile eyz jate typblu bpije ^ejnib -j afipte ]m\\h fma^l fipe bo ]'onne jiyple
].KE(J11 JJUUK. i. 73
vinegiir, put ou. Again for that, niingle henbane with Book I. Lird, lay on. For a swelling again, beat horehonnd, ^^' ^^^'' mingle with lard, lay on, or goats horn burnt and mingled with water. Again, lard or suet mingled with garlic, and onlaid, dwindleth the swelling.
2. For swelling again, chervil pounded with lard and added to melted wax, and laid on, is to boot oi- amend.
3. For a swelling again, goats flesh burnt to ashes, smudged on with water, removes all the swelling. Again, pound the seed of juniper, that is gorse,^ and seethe in water. Again, houseleek mingled with lard and with bread and with coriander, mino;led too-ether. Against ill humours and swelling, take shavings oft' the horn of a hart, or meal of the horn, mingle with water, smudge it on, it doth away and driveth off' all that ratten and the evil wet.
4. Against swelling, take goats treadles sodden in sharp vinegar, and applied in the same manner.
5. For every evil humour,^ mugwort, the green ^\iyixa and leaves of it, triturated, and rubbed together with lard, ^'''^''^• both smear on the thighs on which the mucus is, that
is good for them ; and that is good also for swelling of the feet. For a swelling purulent within, such as cometh of a fall or of a blow or of any crick, take the wort that hight fiveleaf Oi' cinquefoll, and beat it and lay it on frequently till that the swelling be open, then tend the wounds as other wounds. For a swelling again, take "clear pitch," ^ add ashes, seethe together, then overlay the swelling with that frequently. For swelling again, dry goats treadles, grate and sift them through a small sieve, then add lard, as much as
' Some verb must be supplied to ' - Pituita molesta, of Horatius.
form a sentence, as frequently hap- • ^ Probably resin, as solid. See
pens. And of course iuniperus is Elseccepu, pale tar, in Lye. not gorse. |
74 L^CE EOC.
to fpa fpa j^yn tpa punb -j ealbef pmej" fjnx micel fpa jje p)ince pypc to fealpe.
6pt jebsejineb j-ealt jejiiib pel on jepleceb prt3tep o]) f hit fie fpa }?icce fpa hunijef teap leje on j7one fpile ojrep leje mib cla6e -j mib eopcijjie pulle binb on. pi]? paeplicum fape -j jefpelle mm peax -j liemlic jetjiipula ]'y]ic fpa peajiin to pealpe biiib on f j'aji. :•
Pi]? y-ceji fpile • mm liunan jebeat -j jemenj pip jiypele leje on. 6pt mape tpymhte jput mealtep fmebma • cepfan • cejej- p bpite bifceop j'ypt • elene • ontpe • elehtjie • fijfonte • jalluc menj tofomne leje on. pi]? beabum fpile • Nim jjiunbefpeljean leje on jleba "j jepyjime "j leje }>onne fpa peapme on ]7one fpile •j bebmb mib cla'Se Inet beon nihtejine on jip hip ]?eapp fie. TJi5 beabum fpile ajpimoman jebeat menj pi5 pm fol. i:s a. "j pijp ]-ealt bo on ]7one fpile pona jepit apej. Ipi]) fpile
attopla^an jecnupa lege on ]jone fpile leje la^fc on f bolh pelf, bpenc pi]? beabum fpile ]3 he utplea eopop- }?pote • eolone • jotpoSe • tpa penpypta bo on ealu bpmce. pi]? beabum fpile jemm fpane pypt [^ecnupa pel jemenj pi6 pejifcpe butepan leje on Jione fpile o]? ^ jelacnob fie. pi]? fpile cunille • fpjimj pyj^t elate pyl on butepan -j on hunije leje on ]?a ]?ypta jemenj piS ije^ey ^ hpite. Spe}?m5 pi]? fpile • ban pypt upe- peapbe jecnupa fmeele ]?a )?ypte jemenj piS tujep f hpite beclsem ^ lim mib ]?e j'e fpile on fie.
Pypc ]? hiep op ]?am ileum pyjitum on cealbum pylle paetpe jecnupa ]?a pfpta f]'i]?e pel lege on f pjetep lapa on ]?one fpile. :•
ViS fpile cnupa mSepeapbe hamop pypt *j pecj bmb on.
LEECH BOOK. I. 75
two pounds, and as much of old wine as to thee may Book i. seem good, work to a salve. ^''- ^^^^'
6. Again, rub burnt salt well in water made luke- warm, till that it be as thick as a tear of honey, lay on the swelling, overlay with a cloth, and with wool of ewe, bind on. For sudden sore and swelling, take wax and hemlock, triturate, work this so warm into a salve, bind on the sore.
7. Against a sudden swelling, take horehound, beat and mingle it with lard, lay on. Again, mingle to- gether the cottony potentilla, comononly called silver- weed, groats of malt, smede or fine flour, cress, the white of an egg, bishopwort, helenium, ontre, lupins,
" sigsonte," comfrey, la}' on. For a dead^ swelling, take ' Without groundsel, lay it on gledes and warm it, and lay it so ^'^^^^g- warm on the Bevelling, and bind on with a cloth, let it be on for a night, if need be for that. For a dead swelling, beat agrimony, mix with wine and with salt, apply it to the swelling, which soon will depart away. For swelling, pound attorlothe, lay on the swelling, lay least on " the wound" itself A draught for a dead swelling, that it may break out, put carhna, helenimn, goutweed, the two wenworts into an ale drink. For a dead swelling, take " swanwort," pound it well, mingle with fresh butter, lay on the swelling till that it be healed. For a swelling, boil cunila, springwort,^ clote, in butter and in honey, lay the worts on, mingle with them the white of an egg. A swathing for a swelling, pound small the upper part of bonewort, mingle with the wort the white of an egg, plastei" the limb on which the swelling may be, with that.
8. Work the bath of the same worts in cold well water, pound the worts very well, lay on, leave the water on the swelling.
9. For a swelling, pound the netherward part of hammerwort and sedge ; bind on.
' Euforbia lathyris.
76 lyece eoc.
.XXXII.
'AA^ds. AiVKT]. Lsecebomaf ]>i]> blaDce -j bae]? yiptyne ealjia.
pel eolenan ni]?epea]ibe -j mintan 6n^ j'ealcej- pynian
fol. 28 b. ']> hit fie jncce fpa bpip jemenj tojsebejie fmipe mib.
]>i]> bltece mm eolonan iii]?epeapbe "j ompjian eac fpa fio ])e fpimme "j ontpan 'j bij'ceop pyjit 'j a^pcpmbe ]-eo]? on butepan apeoh ]mph cla6 menj ];oune piS pipop •j pi]? teopan jejpmb fmijie mib. pi]? bl[ece pyl eolo- nan on butepan menj pi]? jfote j-ealt • teojio • liunij • ealb pape fmipe mib. piS blsece jenlm jope fmepo -j ni]?epeapbe elenan *j bapan fppecel bifceop pypt "j liejjiipan ]?a peo]?e]i pypta cnupa tofomne pel appmj bo ]?ffip6n ealbjie fapan ciiclep pulne jip ]?u hsebbe lytel eley menj pi]? fpi}?e -j on niht aly]?pe. Sceappa ]?one fpeopan opep funnan fetljanje geot fpijenbe ]? blob on ypnenbe ]?8etep fpip ])pipa sep'cep • cpe]? ]?onne hapa ]?u ]?a]- iinh^ele • -j jepi'c aj^ej mib janje ept on clsenne pej to hufe *j 5eli])8e]?epne janj fpijenbe. bse]? piS bloBCe apyl tyn j-i]?uni ]?a pypte on hpepe -j fynb- jujea betonican • neptan mapubian- ajpimonian* jeappe*
fol. 29 a. mmte ebheolo]?e limblieolo]>e • cupmealle • eopb jealla •
bile • mepce • piiiul ealpa empela ^epyjic ]?onne fcol op j?pim tpeopum ni]?an Sypele fite on bybene "j ])e opep- lipep upan mib hpitle py Isep pe 8e]?m ut • jeot; unbep J?one fcol on ]?a bybene leet peocan on • fpa ]?u meaht on ]?am pyptum J?pipa bon • -j unbep ni]?an ftype mib friccan ^ip ]?u hattpe j^ille • 'j tep }?am b8e]?e fmipe ]?one lichoman -j }?one •jplitan mib jefpette pastpe "j jehpep tpa sejpu on hatum psetejie ji;efmi]ie ealne ]?one lichoman mib.
' on on, MS. I - majubian, MS.
LEECK r.OOK. I. 77
xxxii. Book I.
f"h. xxxii.
1. Leechdoms for blotch and baths. Fifteen in all.
2. Boil the netherward part of helenium and mint in the runnings of salt, that it be as thick as brewit, minofle together, smear therewith. Against blotch, take the netherward part of helenium, and so also of dock (that which will swim), and ontre, and bishopwort, and ash rind, seethe in butter, strain through a cloth, then mingle with pepper and with tar, grind these, smear therewith. For blotch, boil helenium in butter, mingle with soot, salt, tar, honey, old soap, smear therewith. For blotch, take goose grease and the netherward part of helenium and vipers bugloss, bishop- wort and hayrife, pound the four worts together well, wring them, add thereto of old soap a spoon full, if thou have it, mingle a little oil with them thoroughly, and at night lather on. Scarify the neck after the setting of the sun, pour in silence the blood into running water, after that spit three times, then say, " Have thou this unheal, and depart away with it ;" go again on a clean way to the house, and go either way in silence.
A bath ^ for blotch, boil ten times the worts in a basin ^ , , ,
. •■' Inula iiele'
and separately betony, nepeta, marrubium, agrimony, „,„,„. yarrow, mint, horseheal,'"^ hindheal,^ churmel,*^ earthgall,'^ " Eupatonum dill, marche, fennel, of all equally much, work then a <= chhra per- stool of three pieces of wood, with a hole below, ^^^ 1"^^^%^.^^ on a bucket,^ and robe thee over from above with a centanreum. garment lest the vapour escape ; pour the pre2Mred hot liquor under the stool into the bucket, let it reek on thee. So thou mayst do thrice with the worts, and underneath stir with a stick if thou wilt have it hotter; and before the bath smear the body and the forehead with sweetened water, and shake up two eggs in hot water, smear the whole body therewith.
' nupnj. Hippokr. I - Byden, now Bidet.
78 LJECE BOC.
Lsecebom pi]? lijieofum lice • abelpe ompjian *j jelob- pypt ;^ecnupa • yyl ]?onne on but(3]ian bo lipon ]-ealtep to. ]}i]> beabum lice fcsejjpyjit mejice jnib on ealoS ]-ele bjimcan. PiS hjieop le pell on hlonbe cpicpmbe ^ • ellenjimbe nijpepeajibe • sepc pmbe • -j pab • elm pmbe • hemlic bo j^onne butejian on -j liunij. pi]? hpeople pejbppebe IsecepypC • leac • inmte • ina5])a • eolone • fpepl jecnupa pi]' pyfle bo )78ep f[p]eplep fpilcan J^apa pyjita tpsebe.
fol. 29 b. pi]? lijieople ept jemm lioppey jiyj'ele 5emen[5] fpi]je
pij; fealce fmipe mib. b?e]; pi]> lipeople • pyl on pgetejie sepcpmbe • cpicbeam jiinbe • liolen jiinbe • pulanbeamej' • ananbeamef • fecj • J^eoppypt • hejepipe • mapubian • he]>e mib • -j ]5 lie jnib mib ]?pepe liejepipan. Pype j'ealf e op majiubian on butejian • op pyjim nuilupe • op hapan fppecele • hejepipan • jentm healpe ];a pealpe jemenj pi]? jecnupabe elenaii fmipe o]? ]5 batije • pi]>]?an mib ]??epe o]?eppe. bsej? pi]? J^am miclan lice eolone bpom • ipij • mucpypt selppone • beolone • cotruc • epe- lafran pyl on pPDtejie fpi]?e jeor on bybene -j pitte on. bpmce ]?ipne bpenc pi]? }^on • beronican • cujimiUe hope* ajjiimonia • fppmjpyji'c • jieabe netle • elehcjie • Saluie • fmjpene • alexanbjiia • fie jepoplit op pilifcum ealaS bpmce on }?am l)a}?e 'j ne IsBte on ]?one e]?m. Sealp pij? ]?am miclan lice • elene • ]>u.n-^ ompjie • jjmnbefpelje • hole cepfan • pejbpcebe • epelafce • ontpe • hope • jaUuc •
fol. 30 a. cele]?onian • cottiic pel on butepan eal tojsebepe liealp
' Read ci'icbeanijiinbc.
LEECH BOOK. T.
79
3. A leechdoin for a leprous body, delve up dock and silverweed, pound them, then boil them in butter, add a trifle of salt. For deadness of the body, rub in ale staithwort, marche, give to the patie7it to drink. For a leper, boil in urine ^ rind of quickbeam, the netherward part of elder rind, ash rind, and woad, elm rind, hem- lock, then add butter and honey. For a leper, pound with lard waybroad, leechwort, leek, mint, may the, helenium, sulfur, put of the sulfur two parts to one of the worts.
4. For a leper again, take fat of a horse, mingle thoroughly with salt, smear with that. A bath foi- a leper, boil in water ash rind, quickbeam rind, holly rind, the foultree or black alder rind, rind of spindle tree, sedge, ploughmans spikenard, hapife, marrubium, bathe therewith, and rub the body with the hayrife. Work a salve of marrubium in butter, of worm" meal, of vipers bugloss, hayrife, take half the salve, mingle with pounded helenium, smear till it get better, then smear with the other half. A bath for the mickle body or elphantiasis, boil in water thoroughly helenium, broom, ivy, mugwort, enchanters nightshade (?), hen- bane, mallow, everlasting, pour into a byden, and let the iKitient sit upon it. Let a man drink against that disorder this drink ; betony, churmel, hove, agrimony, springwort, red nettle, lupin, sage, singreen, alexanders, let it be wrought out of foreign ale, let the sick man drink it in the bath, and let him not allow the vapour to reach it. A salve for the mickle leprous body, helenium, wolfsbane, dock, groundsel, field gentian, waybroad, everlasting, ontre, hove, comfrey, celandine, mallow, boil all in butter together, let half the salve
Book I. Ch. xxxii.
" Cf. Aetius. I. ii. 108.
- Thus in later times : " Fair large Earth-worms gathered in May when they couple ; put them into a Pail of Water at night till the next morning, so will they have cleansed
themselves, then dry them before the fire, or in an Oven, which when through dry, beat into Ponder.'" Salmon's English Physician, p. G97, ed. 169.3. He adds the cures.
80
LyECK ROC.
fie fpinef pyyele o"55e liojij'ey fmejiu • fmijie p>onne mib. Pi8 fpile jemm pejbpasban mo]7opeajibe jecnupa yi]> pyfele leje -j jebmb on ]?one fpile.
<i>Ai;/CTai;'ai.
AKpoxopSciv,
fol. 30 b.
.XXXIII.
Djiencaf -j )'ealj:a pi); I'ppmje • ipjiinjpyji'c peabe hope • jjejbpiebe • pepep puje • appotane • majej^e • pipoji • j'tn . jip lie on eajian fie jebeate pe^bpteban • -j pepeji pujean -j pipop • ppmj on ]5 eape. To pealpe pi^ ipjiinje • ntm bolhpnnan • pejbpa^ban majej^an • J?one ]j]iaban capel nio]7opeapbne • jeojimenleap ni];epeapb • bocce nij^epepb • peabe hope • burepe "j hunij. Sealp epr mebopypt. aeumban* hmb hioloSe* jeappe* cneop- holen . sej^elpep^mj pypt . ajpimonia.
Pi]? beabum fpjunje. Pyl on butrepan felpsetan fBptep ]?am^. *j fppmjpypt. pi]? fppmje majej^a • pubu mepce • pypc to j-ealpe bpmce jobe pypta. Ui}? fppmje • mm elehtjian jecnupa on hunij menj ro fomne lege on ]?one fpile oj7]?8et hal pie. PI'S fppmje fppmjpyjit: ceppillan ^j hunij 'j jope fmepa jecnupa pyl to pomne leje on Sone fppmg.
. XXXIIII.
51 p nsejl fie op hanba -j pij? peap.hbpseban ntm hpgete copn menj pi^ hunij leje on ]?one pmjeji. Pi5 anjnsejle ap^efpeopp -j- ealbe j-apan *j ele jip ]?u hsebbe ^ip j^u nsebbe bo plytan to menj tofomne leje on." :•
Pi]; peaphbpseban • ma3o];an cjioppan pyl on butepan •j fealt fniipe mib.
' Read 8e}e]i}»an.
I -In the margin is some cypher.
LEECH BOOK. I. 81
be swines fat or horse grease ; tlien smear therewitli. Book l. Against swelling, take the netherward part of way- broad, pound with grease, lay and bind on the swelling.
xxxm.
1. Drinks and salves against pustule; springwort, red hove, waybroad, feverfuge, abrotanon, maythe, pepper, wine. If it, the inistule, be on an ear, beat waybroad and feverfuge and pepper, wring tlie'm into the ear. For a salve against a pustule, take pellitory, waybroad, maythe, the netherward part of the broad colewort, the netherward part of mallow, the netherward part of dock, red hove, butter, and honey. A salve again, meadow wort, tow,^ water agrimony, yarrow, butchers broom, stichwort, agrimony.
2. For a dead pustule; boil in butter the herb wild oat, teferth, and springwort. For a pustule, maythe, wood marche, work thesa into a salve, let him drink good worts. For a pustule, take lupin, pound in honey, mingle together, lay on the swelling till it be hole. For a jDustule, pound springwort, chervil, and honey and goose grease, heat them together, lay tliis on the pustule.
xxxiv.
1. If a nail be off the hand, and against a warty eruption,''^ take wheat corn, mingle with honey, lay on pro^ablv""'' the finger. For an angnail,^^ brass filings and old soap, b xiapwvvxM, and oil if thou have it, if thou have it not, add cream, mingle together, lay on.
2. For warty eruption, heat in butter bunches of maythe and salt, smear therewith.
' Understand, in ashes. " Lin- I medicina; est ; et einis spodii (h-orj/
teorum lanugo e velis navium ma- \ Jiliiigs) vimhabet." Plinius, xix. 4.
ritimarum maxime, in magno usu I
VOL. II. F
82 L^CE BOC.
.XXXV.
Me\avia. Be afpeajitebum 'j abeabebiim lice iio abl cymb oftol'r
Cf.Gliltumde*^^' ^™^"^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^®^™^ ^^ ^^^ ^epitenpe peo]i]>e« Simpl. Med. jipiluiii lic afpeajicob • ];onne op j^am p pum pelme fio ed. 182G. ' ^^1 ^1^^*^ cealbum l^injuni bi]^ to celanne -j to lacmanne • *j ]?onne fio abl cymS utan butan fpeotolum tacne • J^onne pcealt J;u jepept ]?a liseto celan mib cellenbjie jetjiipulabpe mib lilapef cjiuman oppenbiim mib cealb ptetpe oj'j^e mib ])y pelpan feape J^sepe cellenbpe • o])])e fol. 31 a. mib ssje]' ]>y hpite oJ^J^e mib pme o]>]m mib o])pum
Jjinjum ]7am J?e p ilce rasejen htebbe • ]wnne pe ]jelma -j fio liseto fie apej jepiten "j pe bsel ]>i!ey liclioman fie jepenbeb hpon o^Se blaac oJ'J'e pon o]>]>e fpilcep hpget j'ceap.pa J^onne ];a fcope ]?oiine betft j^u "Sa • "j bjuje mib onlejene fpa fpa mon on peax lilape *j op peajimmn bepe • -j op fpelcum l^mjum pypcS.^ Nif him blob to Iretanne on tebjie ac ma liipa man pceal tilian mib pyptbpencum utypnenbum o])]>e fpij^lum o]>]>e mijo- Itim mib J>y ]>u mealit clajnfian f omcyn -j ]>8ep ^eallan- co'Se l^a jieaban • je ]>eah ]? ypel cumen ne fie op ]?ajia omena pelme fpa l:»eali beali fpilcum mannum j'e peeappa pyptbpenc. Tip }>a omihtan pannan j^mj o]?]?e J?a peaban fyn utan cumen op punbum o]>]>e op fmj'injum oSSe op plenum fona J>u ]?a J'lnj lacna mib pceappmje -j onlejena bepef septep ];sepe pifan J?e Isecaf cunnan pel \)u. hit betft. Tip ]3 afpeajitobe lie to ]7on fpi|7e abeabije fol. 31 h. ^ |;ae]i nan jepelnep on ne fie |?onne pcealt ]?u pona
eal "^ beabe *j ]3 imjepelbe op afni]?an o\> f cpice he • ]3 Jjseji na miht |)?ep beaban licef to lape ne fie J^aef j^e sep ne ij-en ne pyji jepelbe. jGpteji J'on lacnije mon )ja bolh fpa J>u ]?one bsel ]>e ]?onne jit hpilce hpeja
' pync, MS.
LEECH BOOK. T. 83
XXXV. Book I.
Ch. XXXV.
Of swarthened and deadened body. The disease Cometh oftenest of corrupt humours after the inflamma- tion of the disease which has passed away, the body whilom becometh swarthy. Then, from the original inflammation, the disease is to be cooled and to be tended with cold appliances. And when the disease Cometh from without, without a manifest token of its cause, then shalt thou first cool the heat with triturated coriander, with crumbs of bread moistened with cold water or with the juice itself of the coriander, or with the white of egg, or with wine, or with other things which have the same virtue. When the inflammation and the lieat are gone away and the part of the body is turned somewhat to he either pale or livid or somewhat such, then scarify the place, thou wilt then better it ; and dry it with an application such as a man works of wax cake and warm beer and of such things. He is not to be let blood on a vein, but rather the symptoms shall be tended with wort drinks, of a perfluent nature, either emetic or diviretic, with which thou mayest cleanse the corrupt humour and its red gaU- sickness. Yea, though the evil be not come of the inflammation of the corrupt humours, yet for such men the sharp wort drink is beneficial. If the pituitous livid or red symptoms be come from without, from wounds or from cuttings or from blows, soon do thou heal those matters with scarif5dng and onlayings^ of ^ 'Ein06>aTa. barley, after the manner which leeches well know; thou shalt amend it. If the swarthened body be to that high degree deadened that no feeling be thereon, than must thou soon cut away all the dead and the unfeeling fiesJi, as far as the quick, so that there be nought remaining of the dead flesh, which ere felt neither iron nor fire. After that one shall heal the wounds, as thou wouldst the part which as yet may
P 2
84 L^CE BOC.
jejrelnej^j-e lisebbe • "j eallunja heabe ne fynb/ pu j-cealt: mib jelomhcjie fceappunje hpilum mib miclum* lipilum mib jreaptjm pene ^ teoli~ f blob ppam ])S3]\e abeabeban fcope laciia 6a pceajipan ]my • ^emm bean raela o]y]>e setena • oSSe bejief • dpl^e fpilcej- melupep fpa J?e ]?ince f htc onniman pille bo eceb to "j hunij peo]? petjsebepe *j leje on 'j bmb on ]?a ]"apan fcopa. Tip ]m polbe p fio pealp fjnSjie fie bo lycel pealcep to on bmb hpilum "j l^peah mib ecebe o]>]^e mib pine. Tip J^eapp lie j'ele hpilum pyptbjienc • -j jej'ceapa fimle J^onne J;u p>a fcpan- jan Isecebomaj- bo hpilc p msejen fie *j fio jecynb J^sej- lichoman • hpoe]?ep hio fie fcpanj ]?e heapb -j ea}>elice moeje j^a ftpanjan Isecebomap abepan ]>e hio lie hnepce •j meappe 'j ]>ynne *j ne nueje abejian ]?a laeceboma]-. bo ]>u Sa Isecebomaf fpilce ])u pa lichoman ^efie • pop ];on Se micel jebal "ij* on psepnebef *j pipep -j cilbep lichoman • -j on ]?am msejene \>sei bsejhj^amlican pyjihtan *j ]?8ep iblan j^pep ealban -j ]?8ep jeonjan -j pijiep J>e fie ^epm^ ppopmijum • -j psej' J?e fie unje- puna fpelcum J'lnjum • je ];a hpitan lichoman beo6 meajiuppan -j tebpan J^onne |?a blacan • 'j ]?a peaban. jip pu piUe Itm aceoppan oSSe afniSan op lichoman ponne jefceapa pu hpilc fio fcop fie • "j peepe ftope msejen • poji pon 8e papa ftopa fum pape potap jip hipe mon jimeleaflice tilaS • fume latop pelaS pajia Iseceboma fume jiapop - jip pu pcyle aceoppan oS^e afmpan unhal lim op halum lice ponne^ ceopp pu f on pam jemsepe peep halan licef • ac micle fpipop fen's o'SSe ceojip on f hale -j f cpice lie fpa pu hit pel -j papop jelacnoft. ponne pu pyp fette on mannan ponne mm pu mejipep poppep leap 'j jejmben pealt opep le^e pa
' Kead fy. i ^ Eead sejmna.
- Kead ]ienian t teohan. | ' Insert ne.
LEECH BOOK, I. 85
have some feelinor, and be not altogether dead. Thou ^^^"^ i-
. . . . . Ch. XXXV
shalt with frequent scarifying, whilom with miekle, whilom with slight, wean and draw the blood from the deadened place. Cure the scarifyings thus ; take bean or oat or barley meal, or some of such meal as to thee seemeth good, so that it will serve, add vine- gar and honey, seethe together and lay on, and bind upon the sore places. If thou shouldst wish that the salve be stronger, add a little salt, bind on at whiles and wash with vinegar or with wine. If need be, give at whiles a wort drink, and observe always when thou art applying the strong leechdoms, what the power be, and what the nature of the body of the ]jatient ; whether it be strong and hardy, and easily may bear the strong leechdoms, or whether it be nice and tender and thin, and may not bear the leechdoms. Apply the leechdoms according as thou seest the state of the body. For a miekle difference is there, in the bodies of a man, a woman, and a child ; and in the main ov constitution of a daily wright or labourer and of the idle, of the old and of the young, of him who is accustomed to endurances, and him who is unaccustomed to such things. Yea, the white bodies be tenderer and weaker than the black and the red. If thou wilt caive off or cut off a limb from a body, then view thou of v/hat sort the place be, and the strength of the place, since some or one of the places readily rotteth if one carelessly tendeth it : some feel the leechdoms later, some earlier. If thou must carve oflp or cut off an unhealthy limb off from a healthy body, then carve thou not it on the limit of the healthy body ; but much more cut or carve in on the hole and quick body ; so thou shalt better and readier cure it. When thou settest fire on a man, then take thou leaves of tender leek and grated salt, overlay the places, then shall be by that the more readily the heat of the fire drawn
86 L^CE BOC,
fol. 32 b. Ibope }>onne biS j^y ])e pajjop ]?8ej' pyjie)- hseto apej
atojen • ]? ilce bij? nytcol icej' jflite o))]7e liunbef jip hit man yona to be^S • -j ept ymb ])jieo niht fmijie mib humje f ]>y ]>e pa];op fio hpypnj op fealle.
. XXXVI.
PiJ> ]>?e]\e able ]7e men hset cijicul abl jentm cpicbeam jimbe • -j sepfan • -j apulboji • mapulboji • ellen • pi]?i5 • pealh • piji • pice • Sc • ylahj^opn • bijicean • elebeam • jatetpeop • sepcep pceal msept • "j felcep tpeopep basl ]?e man bejitan mgej • butan bpe^j^opne -j alojie Jpapa tpeopa msept J?e heji apjiiten pynb "j eac jajel -j cneop bolen • finjjienan eolonan • jiebic pealpypt • ]?a jpeatan netlan » pepmob eo]i]:> jeallan. ^entm }?onne tynam- bepne cetel bo ]>]iibban bsel ]?a]\a jimba -j J>a pypta pylle fpij^e on max])yjite jip ]m hsebbe • jip J?u nsebbe pyl on psetpe fpij^e • bo j^onne op ]>a pinba "j bo nipe on fol. 33 a. mnan f ilce pof bo fpa ]?]iipa afeoh ]?onne clsene fpa
hatne }?one bpenc "j bo ];onne mele pulne butepan on fpa hatne -j jehpepe tojsebepe l?et ftanban tpa niht o]?]?e ]7peo • abo j^onne op j^a butejian "j jemm ];oime jajel cjioppan • -j ipij cpoppan • helban • -j betonican eolonan • pebic • banpypt . eop'5 miftel jebeat tojas- beyie pylle on jjsepe butepan abo J7onne |?a butepan clgene op ]?am pyptum |??ep |^e mon mseje • jenim ]7onne fmsel bepen mela *j jebsepneb pealt bpipe )?onne on
' Zc^;'?7, or ZwaTTip.
LEECH BOOK. I.
87
away. The same 'process is advantageous for frogs ^ or ^^^^ I- liounds bite, if one soon applieth it. And again, for about three nights, smear with honey, that thereby the more readily the scab or crust may fall off.
xxxvi.
Against the disease which is hight circle addle^ or shingles, take quickbeam rind, and aspen and apple tree, maple tree, elder, withy, sallow, myrtle, wich elm, oak, sloe thorn, birch, olive tree, the lotus tree,^ of ash there shall be most, and a part of each tree which a man can get at (except hawthorn and alder), the largest quantity of the trees which are here written, and also gale and knee holly, that is, butchers hroom, singreen, that is, house leek, helenium, radish, wallwort, the great nettle, wormwood, earthgall.^ Take then a kettle holding ten ambers, put therein a third part of the rinds and the worts, boil strongly in mashwort, that is, the unfermented luort of beer, if thou have it, if thou have it not, boil strong in water, t hen remoth3 rinds, and put new rinds into that same decoction, do so three times, then strain out clean the drink so hot, and then add a basin full of butter so hot, and shake them up together : let this stand two nights or three, then remove the butter, and then take catkins of gale, berry branches of ivy, tansy, and betony, helenium, radish, bonewort, basil, beat together, boil in the butter, then remove the butter clean off t]ie worts, as far as a man may : then take fine barley meal and burnt salt,
' No doubt//'0(/,Cod.Ex.p. 426-9. Dioskorides Alexifarm. 31. has a chapter on the ^pvvrj, or toad, and the Barpaxos e\eios, or " marsh frog," as poisonous.
- luPlinius Valerianus. Circinus.
*' Vesicae si homiuem cinxerint oc- cidunt."
^ Are we to suppose Carpinus was read as Caprinus, and say horn- beam for lotus ?
' Erythrcea centmireuin.
88
L^CE BOC.
fol. 33 b.
])Sd]\e butepan -j hjiejie ]7onne fpij^e butan pype -j ho pipop to ere l^onne repefc J^one bpip on neaht neptij. bpmce ]7onne seftep ];one bpenc -j nanne o]?epne peetan ■cyn nihtum J^pitij jlp he mjBje • jemm ]?oniie acmifcel jebeat fmaele "j abpije *j jejnib to melupe apeli ]7onne fi\> aenne peninj bo ]? on ]5 betfte pm. bpmc fpa nijon bajaf -j ne ete nipne cife ne peppce jof • ne peppcne sel • ne Fe[p]]-c fpin • ne naht |7S9p ]>e op mopobe cume • ne pixaf • tinpcellehte • ne plohtenpote pujelaf* jip lie hpilc J>ipfa ete fie ^ pealt -j nane Jjinja beop ne bpmce "j jemetlice pm -j eala • jip moq ];ifum Isecebome bepylijS ];onne bij? fe man lial; pi|? cipcul able jemm boccan ]?a j^e fpimman pille jebeat fpijje fmale apylle on ealbum mopobe ^obe lianb pulle bo l^onne ]?a pypta op bo ept o]?pe lianb pulle j^sepe ilcan pypte pylle ept fpiSe jebo }»onne J^a ]'y]ita op jenim ];onne fpepl jebeat fpi]?e fmale jebo j^onne on ]7a pealpe f hio fie fpa J>icce fpa bpip fmijie ]?oime J^a fpeccan mib J^Eepe fealpe o]? f him pel fie.
Marcellus, 362, d.
Marcellus, 362, d. e.
fol. 34 a.
.XXXVII.
pi]? Jpon ]>e mon ne mseje hip micjean jehealban -j ]?8epe 5epealb na^e eopopej- clapa o]?]?e oppej- fpinej- je- b£epn to ahfan pceab ]7onne pa ahfan on J^sej' peocan mannef bpmcan. 6pt fpmef blsebpan untybpenbej- f ip jylce jebaspn to ahpan bo on pm fele bpmcan. Jfi]) ]7on ilcan ept jate blsebpe ahypfce pele etan • fume fpa jehypfte jejniba]? to bufce fceab on pm pellaS bpmcan jlp hie beo^ butan pejrjie. jip mon ne mseje jeinijan ept cymenef jenim fpa micel fpa Su mib ]?pim pinjpum
LEECH BOOK. I. 8i)
next make a brewit of tliein in the butter, and shake Book i.
it well up without fire, and add pepper, then let the
patient eat first the brewit at night fasting. Further
after that let him drink the draught and none other
liquid for ten nights, for thirty if he can endure it ;
then take mistletoe of the oak, beat it small and dry it,
and rub down to meal, then weigh it against one
penny, put that into the best wine ; let the sufferer
drink this accordingly for nine days, and let him eat
neither new cheese, nor fresh goose, nor fresh eel, nor
fresh pig, nor augbt of that which cometh of a decoction,
nor fishes without shells, nor web footed fowls ; if he
eat any of these, let it be salted, and by no means
let him drink beer, and wine and ale moderately. If
this leechdom be followed then shall the man be hole.
Against circle addle or shingles, take dock that will
swim, beat it very small, boil in old inspissated wine a
good handful, then remove the worts, afterwards add
another handful of the same wort, boil again thoroughly,
then remove the worts ; then take brimstone, beat
it very small, then apply the salve, so that it may
be as thick as brewit, then smear the specks with
the salve till it be well with him, the patient.
xxxvii.
In case that a man may not retain his urine and have not control over it, burn to ashes claws of a boar or of another swine, then shed the ashes on the sick mans drink. Again, burn to ashes the bladder of an unpro- lific, that is a gelt, swine, put it into wine, administer it to drink. For the same, fry a goats bladder, give it to the man to eat ; some, when so fried, reduce it to dust, and %vhen shed into wine, give it to the men to drink, if they be without fever. Again, if a man may not pass water, take of cummin as much as thou mayst lift with three fingers, triturate it, and add
90
LMCE BOC.
Marcellus, 358, g.
Marcellus, 362, d.
fol, 34 b.
up aliebban mneje jetjiifula -j jebo to pmej- cpejen bollan f ulle • -j o]?pe cpejen paecepef pele bjiincan nihc- neptijum. 6pc jip mon ne mseje jemijan bpmce jy]?- pipan on psecjie jejnibene. 6pc ^enime eac jeajipan *j pejbpseban pyl on pme pele bjimcan. 6pt pammep bltebpe jefobene Jiicje he. ^entm pmolef pypccjiuman epc • 'j ]7a j'ypt; pelpe jebeat "j jepiib on pm opJ>sene pel "j apeoh pele bpmcan. 6j:t- jofa tunjan jebjisebbe •j jejacje. 6pt; jip pu pmbe pile on oj'pum pifce innan jentm ]?one -j jebjifeb fpij^e -j jebjiyce on bpim- can -j pele ]?am peocan men bpmcan fpa he nyte fpa ]?u pcealt ]?a oj'pe ?ecap "j bpmcan j-ellan. rip mon ne mseje gemijan bjimce he lilian pyptcpuman apyllebne on pme o^Se on eala'S. Tip he J'onne to fpiSe mije bjimce ^yjjpipan on psetepe jejmbene. Tip mon blobe mije jemm pubu popan feoJ> on psetpe o^8e on ealaS j-ele bpmcan.
Gtp pip ne mseje jemijan mm tunceppan fseb feoS on pffitpe j'ele bpmcan. Jip mon ne mgeje jemijan jecnupa lupefcice *j ellenpmbe -j oleafepum 'p tp pilbe elebeam jemen^ piS fupum hluttpum eala'S pele bpmcan.
.XXXVIII.
J^eR linbon bolh pealpa to eallum punbiim "j bjiencap •j clsenpunja^ on jehpilce pifan je utan je on f'am mnoJ?um. pejbpsebe jebeaten pi's ealbne pypele je- menjeb peppc ne nyt bij?.
^6pC bolhpealp jentm pejbpseban fasb jetpipula fmale pceab on |?a punbe pona bi^ pelpe.
claej-nunsa, MS.
Herbar. Apul. ii. 6.
LEECH BOOK. I. 91
thereto two bowls full of wine and two others of water, Book i. give it to the sick to drink after his nights fasting. Ch.xxxvn. Again, if a man cannot mie, let him drink githrife, rubbed fine in water. Again, take also yarrow and waybroad, boil them in wine, give them to be drunk. Again, let him eat a rams bladder sodden. Again, take roots of fennel and the wort itself, beat it and rub it fine into wine, moisten well and strain it, and admi- nister it to drink. Again, let him roast ^ and partake of the tongues of geese. Again, if thou find a fish within another fish, take and roast it thoroughly, and break it to bits into a draught, and give it to the sick man to drink in such a manner that he know it not. So shalt thou give the other meats and drinks. If a man may not pass water, let him drink a root of a lily boiled in wine or in ale. If he then mie too strongly, let him di-ink githrife in water, rubbed to (lust. If a man mie blood, take dog roses, seethe thera in water or in ale, administer them to drink.
If a woman may not pass water, take seed of garden cress, seethe it in water and give it her to drink. If one may not pass water, pound lovage and elder rind and oleaster, that is wild olive tree, mix this with sour clear ale, and give to drink.
xxxviii.
1. Here are wound salves for all wounds and drinks and cleansings of every sort, whether without or in the inwards. Waybroad beaten, mixed with old lard ; the fresh is not of use.
2. Again, a wound salve ; take seed of waybroad, bray it small, shed it on the wound, soon it will be better.
' Our Saxon has not been careful I is set down in Marcellus as restrain- in the selection of his recipes ; this | ing " profluvium urinse."
92 LJiCE BOC.
Pi]? ealbpe piuibe tobjiocenpe ^jiunbefpelje jn]? ealhne pyj-ele jemenjeb *j on aleb lacna fpilce punba. To punbe clseDpunje -^ jentm clc"ene humj jepyjime to fyjie jebo J^onne on clsene psec bo pealc ro "j hpepie o|? ■p hic lisebbe bpipej- ]?icne]-pe fmijie |?a punbe mib |)onne fol. 35 a. pulla^ hio. jip banbjiice on heapbe fie majej^an "j
5ocpo]?an jecnupa pel on hunije bo ]?onne bucepan on f bi^ job bolhpealp. Gyt pi^ |?on eac bi]? job lufc- mocan cpop co lecjanne on jebjiocen heapob *j jtp hunb plice. ]}i]> hunbep j'lice jemm J^a peaban netlan •j accoplajpan -j fpicej- sleep empela feoS on burepan pypc CO ]-ealpe pona beoS ])Si unnytcan ban nte.
bolli pealp piS limjen able • lileomoce hacce pyjic fio peaxeS on bpoce jepypc J?a on mopjenne ]?onne bio jebeap lie fume beoS unbeape "j jofe fceapn ])onne bio ne ere • jecnupa ]?a bleomocan menj pi]? ]7am jofe pceapne • bo Isep J^aep fceapnep pyl on bucepan appmj p bij; 50b pealp. Sealp bapan fppecel mm on ealbum lanbe ^ kmjenpypc feo bi]? jeolu upepeapb -j sejef bybjnn mib J?y j'ceal mon lacnian ]?one man ];e bi]? lunjenne punb. pij? mnan punbe pealp • ptn ele • fol. 35 b. jalluc . hunij. bolhpealp 5y]>pif e -j jelob pypc -j ];a
bpunan pypc bpableapan fio peaxe]? on puba "j lufc- moce cpoppan • jecnupa ]?a ealle -j pyl pepefc on bure- jian bealpe 'j appmj.
bolb pealp epc jjiunbe fpelje J?a Se peaxa'S on pop]?i-
"^ jtim fio bi]) 50b CO bolhpealpe *j jiibbe -j jeappe •j ji]?-
pipe jecnupa }>a pypca ealle pyl on bucepan -j appinj.
6pc bolbj'ealp 50b acpinb abjiije ];a pmbe -j fpiSe fmale
Tecnupa "j abelp ni]7epeapbne j-lali Sopn aj-cap ]ja yce-
- clajj-nunge, MS.
I
LEECH BOOK. I. Ho
3. For an old bruised wound, groundsel mingled Book l. with old lard, and laid on : tend such wounds thus. '' ''''''""■ For cleansing of a wound ; take clean honey, warm it
at the fire, put it then into a clean vessel, add salt, and shake it till it have the thickness of brewit, smear the wound therewith, when it turneth foul. If there be a bone breach in the head, pound maythe and goutweed well in honey, then add butter, that is a good wound salve. Again for that, a bunch of " lustmock " is good to lay on a broken head, and also if a hound tear a man. For tearing by a hound, take the red nettle and attorlothe and some lard, of each an equal quantity, seethe in butter, work to a salve, soon the useless bones will be out.
4. A wound salve for lung disease. A wort is called hleraock, which waxetli in brooks, and is nov: hrool-- lime, work it, that is, deal with it in a morning when it is dewy, (some 'plaiits of it are undew}'), and sharn of goose dropped when the goose eats not ; pound the brooklime, mingle with the dung of goose, put in less of the sharn than of the wort, boil in butter, wring through a cloth, that will be a good salve. A salve : take vipers bugloss, grovjii on an old tilth, and golden lungwort,^ and a yolk of egg, with this shall one tend " Tlieracium
1 . 1 1 • J.1 1 -ri • T murorum and
a man who is wounded m the lung. Jbor an mward ^„/„,t,„,,,.j„,„.
wound, a salve : wine, oil, comfrey, honey. A wound
salve : githrife and silver weed, and the broadleaved
brownwort which waxeth in woods, and a bunch of
the flowers of '' lustmock "; pound all these and boil
first in a half proportion of butter, and wring through
a cloth.
5. Again, a wound salve: the groundsel which waxeth in highways, that is good for a wound salve, and rib- wort, and yarrow, and githrife ;b pound all ihe-woris,^ Agrostemma boil in butter, and squeeze through a cloth. Again, a 9^^''^'9"- good wound salve : oak rind ; dry the rind and pound
it very small, and delve up the nethermost jpart of a
94 LiECE BOC.
mefean pmbe -j fpiSe fmale jecnupa ajfipc fmale j^ufih fmrel fipe bo bejea empela f mela biS 50b on to fceabenne, rip pu paSe pille lytle punbe jelacnian eacepfan jetjiipula oS'Se jefeo^ on buCepan pyjic to pealpe fmipe mib. bolh pealp • jeappan • jyl^jupau • fmjpenan • jotpojmn Itefc jecnupa piS butepan fpiSe pel leje neahtepne fpa jecneben • bo Jjonne on pannan pyl fpiSe bo f pam op clsene apeoh j^uph claS bo on lipit pealt h]\e]\ fpiSe o]; p jeftanben fie. bolhpealp mejifc hope sej^elpepSmjpypt "j jy]?]iipan -j fm^penan on ]>a foi. 36 a. ilcan pifan p/pce. bollipealp jenim pabef cpoppan "j
netelan eac jecnupa pel • pyl on butejian afeoli ];upli claS bo lipit fealt on lipejie fpiSe,
bolhpealp acpmb • eepepSe • meobopypc abpije ealle ■j jecnupa fmale apipt Jmjili pipe men^ pi]; hnnije -j rejep p hpite. bollipealp i^iy mon fie mib ipene je- punbob • pubupope • fm^jiene • jelobpypt fppmj pypt • 3yj7pipe • jpunbefpelje • majoSe pypm pypt niojjopeajib jecnua pel tofomne ealle menj piS butepan pyl pa pjjjita on psepe butepan fpiSe apleot p pam op clsene afeoli pupil cla5 bo on blebe lipep piS op p jefcanben fie.
^tp mon mib tpeope jej-lejen fie o"S^e mib ftane oppe byl on men jebepfteS • to pon bollipealp • jyp- pipe • ontpe • jelobpypt • pijelhpeoppa • jecnupa pa pypta fpipe jemenj pel piS butepan -j on pa ilcan pifan jepena pe ic sep cppep.
Jip men fie lim op aple^en • pmjep o^6e pot oppe lianb jip p meaph ute fie . jenim pceapej' meaph je-
LEECH BOOK. I. 95
blackthorn, shave off the outermost "paH of the rind Book L
and ponnd it very small, sift it small through a small ^^xruu
sieve, put togettver equal quantities of both, the meal is
good to shed on a vjound. K thou wilt quickly cure
a little wound, bruise or seethe in butter water cress,
work it into a salve, smear therewitL A salve for
wounds : pound very well with butter, yarrow, cockle,
singreen, or hjou^leek, of goutweed the least, lay them
by for a night so bruised, then put them into a pan, boU
thoroughly, remove the foam clean off. strain through
a cloth, add white salt,' shake it well up till it
be got firm. A wound salve; work up in the same
wise marsh hove, stichwort, and cockle, and singreen.
A wound salve ; take heads of woad and of nettle,
also pound them well, boil in butter, strain through a
cloth, add white salt, shake thoroughly.
6. A wound salve : oak rind, '' aeferthe, ' meadowwort : dry all these and pound them small, sift the diud through a sieve, mingle with honey and the white of an egg. A wound salve, if a man be wounded with
iron: woodroffe, singreen, silverweed, springwort,* gith- ^ Evforbia rife, groundsel, maythe, the lower part of wormwort, ^"' pound them all well together, mingle with butter, boil the worts in the butter thoroughly, skim the foam off clean, strain through a doth, put U on a saucer; shake it till it be concrete.
7. If a man be .smitten with wood or with stone, or if a boU bursteth on a man, for this a wound salve : cockle, "ontre,'' silverweed, turnsole, pound the worts thoroughly, mingle weU with butter, and prepare in the same wise which before I quoth.
8. If a limb be smitten off a man, a finger, or a foot, or a hand, if the marrow be out, take sodden sheeps
- Sail DOT ^uitc pTire is z.'.a -a^id-i/c : the Latin and Gre^ authors ; per-
mticli c-.ome5 rei frcrr. vn jis ; : haps tliis is an evasioo of that
much dirty from the saiTpans. Sal | drag,
ammoidacian is oftea pre&cnbfcd in I
96 L.ECE EOC.
j'oben leje on f o]>e]\ meapli • appi]^ fpiSe pel neahtejine. fol. 30 1). bolh yealj: • h^cylef jiaju -j bolen pmbe m];epea]ibe • 'j
;;5y|)jiipan jecnua fpiSe pel ]>a pfjita jemens pi5 buce- pan feocS fpiSe pleoc op p pam afeoh ]>upli claS fpij^e clfiene jip psej' boljep oppap fynb to hea ymb frpic mib hate ipene fpiSe leohrlice f p pel bpitije.
bolhpealp jotpoj^an i^ecnupa fpiSe pel mej pi"S bute- pan feoS fpiSe -j j^yll -j appmj J'uph cla8 pleot f pam op jepelc fpi'Se pel • jip bolh pulije ceop fcpsel pyptr on -j jeappan. bolhpealp jenim jiibban • -j jeappan • ■j bolhpunan nio]>opea]ibe • -j boccan -j ^ope pceapu 'j picef lytel • "j hunij pylle on butepan bo on f bolh })onne clsenfaS hit -j halaS. bolhj-ealp jentm jeappan •j Ifece pypt pyl on butepan.
Sealp yip ];on f bolh ne pulije jemm bpeji J?e hiopan on peaxa]; ceop J^a jnnbe on f bolh ne pula]? hit. bolhpealp mebopypt niojwpeapb • lufcmoee • hope • eopoji peajm • pyl on hunije bo j^icce maxpyjit on jemanj. fol. 37 a. bolhbpenc • eopopj^jiote mopopeajib "j mebopypt eac fpa
ajjiimonia nioj^opeajib "j upepeajib pyl on ealaj> ]>a, pypita jebijim mib jifte pele bjiincan.
bolhbpenc jeacej- fujian pubu cuniUe jij^pipe • eopop- }>]iote ni])epeapbe cepc)jpote cnupa fmale bo on cealb pEetep jmb betpeoh lianbum afeoh J>uph cla8 pele
LEECH BOOK. I. 97
marrow, lay it on the other marrow, bind it well up for ^'(^(^^ I-... a night. A wound salve : the lichen of hazel, and the netherward part of holly rind and githrife, pound the worts very well, mingle with butter, seethe thoroughly, skim off the foam, strain through a cloth very clean ; if the edges of the wound are too high,^ run them round with a hot iron very lightly, so that the skin may whiten.
9. A wound salve : pound very thoroughly, gout- weed, mingle with butter, seethe thoroughl}^, and boil, and wring through a cloth, skim off the foam, salt it very well ; if the wound get foul, chew strailwort up- on it and yarrow. A wound salve: take ribwort and yarrow, and the netherward part of pellitory, and dock, and goose dung, and a little pitch, and honey, boil in butter, apply it to the wound, then it cleanseth and healeth. A wound salve : take yarrow and leechwort, boil in butter.
1 0. A salve to the end that a wound may not foul : take briar, on which hips wax, that is, dog rose, chew the rind and let it drop on the wound, then it Avill not foul. A wound salve : the netherward part of meadow wort, lustmock, hove, everfern, boil in honey, add thick mashwort among them. A drink for wounds : the netherward part of everthroat, that is, cavline thistle, and meadow sweet, so also the nether and up- ward part of agrimony, boil the worts in ale, barm them with yeast, that is, introduce fermentation with yeast, administer to drink.
11. A wound drink : pound small, cuckoo sour, wild cunila,^ cockle, the netherward part of carline thistle, ashthroat, put them into cold water, rub be- tween the hands, strain through a cloth, administer to
' Probably, if the edges are likely to coalesce, before the parts that lie deeper.
- Plinius, XX. 63.
VOL. n. G
98 LiECE BOC.
bjimcan fcenc fulne nealitnejcij. bolhbjienc jiibbe nio|;epea]ib -j ufej^eapb • eoj:op];]iocan • -j seyc J?)iot;an niojjopeapbe cuiipa finale bo on peallenbe pajteji jnib becpeoli lianbum -j aj'eoli |ni]ili cla8 yele bjimcan. To gelcum bolje j'ealj: • ^efomna cue mefa cu mi5o]?a je- pyjice CO flynan ]>a fpa mon fapan j'ypcS micelne citel fulne • mill ]7onne apulboji jimbe 'j sej'C pmbe j-lali];o]in jimbe • -j piji pmbe • -j elm piinbe • 'j liolen jimbe • -j pi]>i5 jiiiibe -j jeonjjie ace • ]fealh junbe • bo J?a ealle on mi- celne cicel jeot: ]?a plynan on pyl fpi])e lanje • bo })onne op ]ja jimba pyl J>a plenan ]3 Ino fie ))icce bo fimle on foi .i: b. liTgppan citel fpa hio Isej'pe fie • jeor on yset ]7onne liio
jenoli ]>icce fie • jetel |?oiine cealcfcan fpiSe -j jefamna poc -j afipc J^ujih claS "j ];one cealcfran eac on ]?a plynan fmijie mib f bolli. 6pc pij> ]?on ilcan jenim liopan -j jelobpypt 'j bjiune pypic -j lufcmocan cpioj) -j hapan fpjiecel pyl on butejian "j ppmj ponne op )?a pypta bo o]:>pe on • pibban • bipceoppypt jeajipan at- topla]?an bo ]:>a on j^a ilcan bucejian pyl epc fpiSe apjunj ])H op f bip 50b bollip^alp.
.XXXVIIII.
J^eR fint laecebomaf y\]> selcep cynnef ofhum 'j 6n- peallum -j banco]mm ealica 'j tpenCij.
Nim 5penep mepcef leap jejnib o]>])e jetpipula pi'ci ecebep bepfcan finipe mib ])y Jja pajian fcopa. pi]; omum utablejnebum ntm fuji molcen pyjic to cealjie -j l>e\) luib |;y cealjie, Uib omum ept jenim beojibpsefra -j
XXXVIU.
LEECH BOOK. T. 99
drink a full draught to the sick caffcer his nights fasting.' Book T A wound drink : pound small the netherward and up- ward part of ribwort, carline thistle, and the netherward part of ashthroat, put them into boiling water, rub between the hands, and strain through a cloth, ad- minister to drink. A salve for every wound: collect cow dung, cow stale, work up a large kettle full into a batter as a man worketh soap, then take appletree rind, and ash rind, sloethorn rind, and myrtle rind, and elm rind, and holly rind, and withy rind, and the rind of a young oak, sallow rind, put them all in a mickle kettle, pour the batter upon them, boil very long, then remove the rinds, boil the batter so that it be thick, put it ever into a less kettle as it groweth less, pour it, when it is thick enough, into a vessel, heat then a calcareous stone thoroughly, and collect some soot, and sift it through a cloth with the quick- lime also into the batter, smear the wound therewith. Again for the same, take hove and silverweed and browai- wort, and a bunch of the flowers of "lustmock," and vipers bugloss, boil in butter and wring the worts off, and put others in, ribwort, bishopwort, yarrow, atter- lothe, put them into the same butter, boil again strongly, wring these off" ; that will be a good wound salve.
xxxix.
1. Here are leech doms for erysipelatous inflammations of every sort, and fellons, and leg diseases of every sort ; eight and twenty in number.
2. Take leaves of green marche, rub or bruise them with the lees of vinegar, smear with that the sore places. For erysipelas which hath broken into blains, take sour curds, work them to a chalder, and foment with the chalder. For erysipelatous inflammations again, take
' Ne)t;i5 must be understood as najTrijum.
G 2
100 L^CE BOO.
fapan "j sejef f hpite -j ealbe 3)iuc leje on pi]? omena jefpelle, pi]? omena jebepfce Sitte on cealbum p^ecejie fol. 38 a. o}* f lii"^ abeabob fie teoli ]?onne tip yleali ]jonne peopep
fceappan ymb J»a poccaf utan -j Iset yjman ]3 fncce ]?e luc pille ; pypic |?e pealpe ]?up • Nim bjiune pypc -j mepfc nieap jeallan 'j peabe netlan pyl on butepan -j fmipe mib -j bej»e mib |;am ileum pypcum.
^ V^]^ W^ ilcan jenim anjolcp^eccean jejnib fpi];e bo eceb CO "j on bmb *j fmipe mib. pi]? ]?on ilcan jemm lapinan jnib to bufce -j menj pi]? hunij -j fmipe mib. UiS ])on ilcan jenim jebpaebbe fejpu menj pi5 ele leje on -j be]?e fpiiSe mib betan leapum. Gpr jemm cealpej- fceapn o]']?e ealbep h]iy]?epef peapm -j leje on. Qf-c pi]? }?on jemm heopotep fceapo]?an op pelle afcapen mib pumice -j pefe mib ecebe 'j fmipe mib. 6ptr jenim eopopep jeallan jip ]?u nsebbe mm o]?pe]' fpinej- ^ejnib •j fmijie mib J>y ]?fep hit faji fie. pi}? pon ilcan jemm fpealpan neft bpec mib ealle apej --j jebaepn mib fceapne mib ealle -j jnib to bufte menj pi]? eceb "j fmipe mib. fol. 38 h. piS ])on ilcan jehset cealb psetep mib hatan ipene -j be]?e
jelome mib ]?y. pi]? Latum omum • mm betonican -j pepmob -j pmul jnib on eala *j jiebic pele liim bpincan. ])]]> liatum omum liim pen omppan -j ]?a fmalan clatan j>yl on jate meolce *j fupe. pi]? hatum omum mm
' Plinius Valerianus, fol. 76, d, for eight lines.
LEECH BOOK. I.
101
dregs of beer, aud soap, and the white of an egg, and old groats, lay tliis on against erysipelatous swellings. Against bursting of erysipelatous inflammations, let the man sit in cold water till the sore becometh numbed, then get him up, then strike four scarifying slashes about the pocks on the outside, and let the lymph run as it will. Work thyself a salve thus : take brown"v^'ovt, and marsh gall, or marsh gentian, and red nettle, boil in butter, and smear and bathe with the same worts.
3. For the same, take an earthworm,' rub it tho- roughly fine, add vinegar to it, bind it on and smear therewith. For the same, take savine, rub to dust, and mingle with honey and smear therewith. For the same, take roasted eggs, mingle with oil, lay on, and foment freely witli leaves of beet. Again, take a calfs sharn, that is clung, or an old bullocks, still warm, and lay it on. Again for this same, take harts shavings, shaven off the fell or skin with pumice, and wash, that is maceraie, with vinegar and smear therewith. Again, take a boars gall, if thou have not that, take gall of another swine, rub and smear with that where it is sore. For that ilk, take a swallows nest, break it away altogether, and burn it with its dung and all, and rub it to dust, mingle witli vinegar and smear there- with. For tlie same, heat cold water with a hot iron, and bathe frequently with that. For hot er3^sipelatous humours, take betony, and wormwood, and fennel, rub them into ale, and radish ivith tJt.em, give the mixture to the sick man to drink. For hot erysipe- latous humours, take fen ompre, that is ivater dock, and the small clote, that is, cleavers, boil in goats milk and sup. Against hot erysipelatous humours,
Book I. Cli. xxxix.
' Bjorn Haldorson mentions this treatment : the earthworm is called A'mumadkr (read ma'Skr), because erysipelas is usually cured by it ;
" his lumbricis probari et curari " soleat, cum applicati marcescant " et moriantur." (On A'mumadkr.) A'ma is the Ome of the text.
102 LiECE BOC.
Imnan "j epelafran -j alexanbpian "j betomcan "j cele- ];onian -j ceplicej- ysdb bpmce on pme. Sealj: mm ellenef blofrman -j j^one cpop pyl on butejian *j fmipe mib • jij: hit pille pypfman fmipe mib sejef jeolcan opep fmipe mib Jjy -j bpije to jlebum o]? p hit heajib fie Jjpeah ]7onne apej "j fmipe ept mib ])se]\e ]*ealpe. pi]? hatum omum mm pmef bpseftan menj pij) hpeap rejjiu ■j mib pe]7epe fmit on -j ne ]?peah sep hit hal fie. Pi}» feonbtim omum mm cneopholen micle sep oSpum mete bpejhpam to ]'am bolje • "j hjiyj^epef jeallan humj fot • bo tofomne lacna mib. pij> j7on ilcan f ly ptc • hiftmoce ]7a cpoppihtan ntm to baj>e -j jebfejme to j'ealpe pulpef ceacan |?a pmefcpan 'j j^a te]? funbo]^ fol. 39 a. menj pi8 humje -j fmipe mib -j peppcne cyj'e on leje
menj ]5 oj7ep jnS meoluce fupe })py mo'^jenaf nijon fupan. pi]? banco]?e p ip oman mm ni^ontyne fnseba eolonan -j nyjon ontpan -j enblepan peabej- fecjef bo on eala -j bjnnc micle jep ]?onne J>u ete • -j ])a eolonan ane feo"S o]? f hio meppe fie cnupa tofomne fmipe mib ])0ep ut plea, bpenc pi]? onpeallum cymeb • pipoji • coft • mepcep preb • ceafceji pypte fseb cnua pel bo on eala. bpenc pi]? onpeallum • cnua on eala o]?}?e jefeoS cele- }?onian -j heah hiolo]?an bifceop pypt 5y])]iipan. bjienc pi}) onpeallum • fijponte • cipe • leac • ]>e5bpsebe nio)?o- peajib • pyl ealle on pretpe -j jefpet mib humje. bjienc pi]) ]>on mm })a fmalan cla3pe}i pypt mo]>opea]ibe ])yl on ealo}? oSbe on beope. bpenc pi]> onpealle pyl on ealoS
CI
1. xxxix.
LEECH BOOK. I. 103
take horchound, and everlasting, and alexanders, and ^P'*"'^ \ betony, and celandine, and charlock seed, drink them in wine. A salve : take blooms of elder, and the croi>, or bunch or umbel, boil them in butter, and smear therewith ; if it will, that is, if it shew a tendency to form ratten or 2mrident matter, smear with yolk of egg ; smear over with that, and dry it by gledes, or hot coals, till that it be hard, then wash away and smear again with the salve. For hot erysipelatous eruptions, take dregs of wine, mingle with raw eggs, and with a feather smudge it on, and wash not till the place he hole. For oozing erysipelatous blains, take knee holly, that is, butchers broom, much ere other meat, daily for the wound, and put together bullocks gall, honey, soot; cure therewith. For the same, that is, for the disease called fig, take for a bath that sort of "lust- mock " which bearetli crops or flower bunches, and for a salve, burn a wolfs jaw, the left one, and the teeth apart, mingle with honey and smear therewith, and lay on fresh cheese, mingle the other ingredient^ with milk, sup for three mornings nine sips. For leg disease, that is hot red blains, take nineteen snips of helenium, and nine of " ontre," and eleven of red sedge, put them in ale and drink much ere than thou eat; and seethe the helenium alone till that it be tender, pound together, smear therewith where the disease may bo striking out. A drink for fellons ; cummin, pepper, costmary, seed of marche, seed of black hellebore, pound well, put into ale. A drink or potion for fellons ; pound in ale or seethe celandine, and elecampane, bishop wort, githrife. A drink for fellons ; sigsonte, onion, leek, the netherward part of waybroad, boil all in water and sweeten with honey. A drink for that ; take the netherward part of the small cloverwort, boil in ale or in beer. A drink for fellons ; boil in ale
' What other ingredient is not clear by the grammatical construction.
fol. 39 b.
104 L^CE BOC.
j-'inujlan bij'ceoppijit heali hiolojje. bpenc pi]? 6n):ealle pyl on ealaS Ippmj pyjit o]>])e on beope. bpenc epc piS onpealle pyl on eala]? cjiopleac bpeopje bpofclan pypm pyptr. bpenc fip onpealle mepce at;copla];e • betoce •' pube . fecj • ontpe • clare • bipceop pypt jepypc on eala"S. 6fc pi]? onpealle jemm asr ppuman haeplenne fciccan o]>]>e ellenne ppic J?inne naman on apleali ])]\y pceappan on ^epylle mib ])y blobe j^one naman peopj) ope] I eaxle op]?e berpeoh ]?eoh on ypnenbe pjietep -j franb opeji ]?one man ];a pceappan aj'lea "j f eall fpi- jmbe jebo.
PrS onpealle jepoli pox apleah op cucum }>one cuxl Itet hleapan apej bmb on nsepce hapa ]7e on.
.XL.
^ Pi]> p6c able • onjieb hampypt • nio]?opea]ib • pelbmope
nij^epeapb onpebep empela -j ]7apa o]7eppa tpejea pelb- luojian liealpe l^oppe Jjonne hampypte cnnpa fpiSe to lumne bo liluctoji ealu ^ }>a pypca opepfcije • Ifet fcau- ban ]?]ieo niht pele j'cenc pulne on mopjen. bjienc piS poc able ]'yl psetep on cjioccan bo liunij on pleot fimle foJ. 40 a. \) pam op o]> f lut nelle ma pseman • flip ]?onne "j bpmc
opt "j jelome fj\a ]n liatofc maeje *j mib ]7f hunije fViiijie ])a3]i hit iitjlea on ]?one poc ne bi]? pona nan tcona. Sealp pi]? poc able pyl on burepan fmjpenan • jeappe • 5y]?)iipe peabpe netelan cpop. bpenc pi]? poccum
Kead beconice.
LEECH BOOK. I.
105
fennel, bishop wort, elecampane. A drink for a f'ellon; boil in ale or in beer springwort. A drink again for a fellon ; boil in ale cropleek, penny royal, wormwort. A drink for fellons ; marclie, attorlothe, betony, rue, sedge, " ontre," clote, bishop wort, work tlieim up in ale. Again for fellons, take, to begin, a hazel or an elder stick or spoon, write thy name thereon, cut three scores on the place, fill the name with the blood, throw it over thy shoulder or between thy thighs into run- ning water and stand over the man. Strike the scores, and do all that in silence.
For fellon, catch a fox, strike oflf from him ivliilc quick, that is alive, the tusk, or canine tooth, let the fox run away, bind it in a fawns skin, have it upon thee.
Book I. Ch. xxxix.
xl.
For pock disease,' use " onred," liouseleek, the nether part of it, fieldmore, the nether part of it; of "onred" an equal quantity, and of the two others Ijy half less of the fieldmore or carrot than of the houseleek, pound them thoroughly togetlier, add so much clear ale as may mount above the worts ; let them stand three nights, administer in the morning a cup full. A drink for pock disease ; boil water in a crock, add honey, skim continually the foam away till it will foam no more ; then sip and drink oft and whilom as thou hottest may, and smear with the honey where it may be breaking out into the pock, soon there will be no mischief. A salve for pock disea,se ; boil in butter singreen, yarrow, githrife, the crop, or floiver head, of red nettle. A drink against pocks ; bishop
^Smallpox. The disease was un- known in classical medicine ; it appeared in France in 565, A.D., and in Arabia in 572, A.D. The
Arabic physician Razi treats of it in a separate monograf about 92.3, A.D., not long before this copy of the Leech Book was ^Titten out.
106
LMCE EOC.
bifceop pyjit • acco]\la]>an • fppiD;z;py]it • clatan nio]?e- peajibe on ealaS jepojibc. pi]^ poccum i'piSe I'ceal mon blob Isetan -j bjimcan ainylce butepan boUaii fulne • jip hie utylean selcne man fceall ape^ abelpan mib ]70]me • -j |>onne pm oSSe aloji ' bpenc bpype on mnan fionne ne beoS liy jefyne.
])i]> poccum jentm jlofpypt apyl on buuepan "j fmipe mib.
fol. -lo b.
.XLI. yi\> mnan onpealle neejlsep- hatte pypt fu}>e]mo l"io bi^ 30b to ecanne pi]? mnan onpelle on niht nej'tij. pi]) mnan onjzealle pyl elonan eluhtpan on ealaS bpinc liatef bollan pulne. Gft pyptbpenc op j'ejimobe beto- nican • op j^fepe pupan j^e^bji^eban bpmce pela nihca. PiJ? ]>se]\e ^eolpan able • hune • bifceop pypt • helbe • hope meii^e pa tojsebepe bo selcpe jobe hanb pulle maxpypte bo to pope ambeji pulne -j to ftanbsepe bj^phomaji • hune pepmob. StanbseJ?^ bpmce bpenc op ompjian op pme -j op psetpe • jefpete fpi'Se.
.XLII.
^ Op ^eal able lio bip op psepe jeolpan • cymep jpeat ypel fio bi]? ealpa abla picufc • ponne ^epeaxeS on innan unjemec psetan pip fmt tacn • ^ him fe lichoma eall abicepa^ -j ajeolpaS fpa 50b feoluc • 'j him beo8 imbep cun^an tulje fpeapte sebjia -j ypele -j htm bi5 micje jeolu • la3t lum op lunjen a^bjie blob pele him opt fcypjenbne bjienc fcanbaSu jelome. ^Pyjic him Sonne
' Aloji, alnus glutinosa, has no medical properties. Probably the AlnixHuigrajnow Bhamnus franyula, Spjiacen, was meant by the Latin author copied.
' Read cunsDj^lserre, cynoglossum. ' By 8tanbae)> understand Sran- bee)'b]ienc, or amend thus. ' "iKrepos.
* Cf. Plinius Valerianus, fol. 61 d.
LEECH BOOK. I. 107
wort, attorlothe, spriiigwort, the nctlierward part of Book i. clote, or burdock, worked up in ale. Against pocks, a ^'"
man shall freely employ bloodletting and drink melted butter, a bowl full of it : if they break out one must delve away each one of tliGin with a thorn ; and then let him drip wine or alder drink within them, then they will not be seen, or no traces will remain.
Against pocks : take glovewort, boil in butter, and smear therewith.
xli.
For inward fellon, there is a southern wort hight cynoglosson, which is good to eat against inward fellon, at night fasting. Against inward fellon, boil heleniuni and lupins in ale, drink a bowl full of the hot infusion. Again, a wort drink from wormwood and betony, and from the rough waybroad or 'plaintain, let him drink it many nights. For the yellow disorder, or jaundice, /lorehound, bishop wort, tansy, earth ivy, mingle them together, of each employ a good handful, add of mash- wort, for an infusion an amber full, and for a stone bath use dithhomar, or "papyrus, horehound, and worm- wood. A stone bath; that must he, to use ivith a stone hath ; let the oimn drink a drink from ompre or sorrel, from wine and from water ; sweeten thoroughly.
xlii.
From gall disease, that is from the yellow jaundice, Cometh great evil ; it is of all diseases most powerful, when there wax within a man, unmeasured humours ; these are the tokens : that the patients body all be- coraeth bitter and as yellow as good silk ; and under the root of his tongue there be swart veins and perni- cious, and his urine is yellow. Let him blood from the lung vein, give him often a stirring drink, stone baths
108 L.ECE BOC.
fcilne bpenc op omjijian on pme 'j on j^setjie -j on jjam baSe jehpilce mopjene bjunce mylfce bpmcan fio jebet )?a bitepneype psep jeallan.
.XLIII.
foi. 41a. ^ Pi]? psetep boUan betomcan fpilce anef penmjep je-
pasje on peapmum psecepe jmbe bpnice ])py bajap jelce bsej jobne bollan j:u]ne. Gy~ jemm sepcppotan oJ)|?e pealpypce pyccpuman jjsep peapep peopep cuclepap pnlle jebo on bollan pulne jnnef fele bpmcan.
.XLIIII.
Pi]7 canceji able f ip bire ♦ ]*u]ie • peak • pibbe • fej • poc . jebsepneb lam • hpaecep fmebma menj piS je^pu mebopypt; sepeppe acpmb • apulbop pmb • ]lali |7opn pnibe • ^ip pe bice peaxe on men jej^ijic nijme cealjie -j leje on cl?enpa^ j?a punbe mib.
])i]) cancepe on C3^pepenum paste jebaejm Ipepl je- jnib to bufce fpa }in fmalofc mreje "j apipc ]ni)ili claS men5 piS ealbe fapan -j pie fpepl picpa bo luinijej' ceapep mebmicel to'^ fceape • ^ip to ftiS fie ]>£em mib ]yf hunije leje on jeopmen leap J)onne bit hahje ]'yl on butepan jeacep fupan -j fmjpenan "j pubupopan fmipe foi. 41 b. niib J7a oppap j^sep hit jieabije Iset ]?a o^pe j-ealpe clasn-
iian f bolli ne bo nan paetep to, Sealp pi]? cancjie • jemm cu meoluc bucan ppetejie l?et )7eop]?an to pletum 5e]?pe]i to butepan ne paspc on pjetpe. Ntm fijel- hpeoppan ]?a fmalan unprej'cene bo clsene cnua fpiSe 5emen5 pel pi^ J)?epe butepan bo on pannan opeji pyji apyl fpiSe apeoli pel ]?u]ih claS lacna mib ]?y, ]7i]) canceji able • ac pmb on no]i]?an cpeope be eo]i]?an • -j mebo-
I "rdp(ii\p. j ^ Supply a point after to, not in
- clsej-na, MS. I MS. Kead J^sen.
LEECH BOOK. I. 109
often. Work him then a composing drink of sovrel in Book I. wine and in water, and in the bath, every morning, let him drink a mulled draught ; it will amend the bitterness of the gall.
xliii.
For dropsy, rub betony, as much as a penny weight, in warm water, let tlie patient drink for three days, each day, a good bowl full. Again, take of the juice of the roots of ashthroat or of dwarf elder four spoons full, put them into a bowl full- of wine, give them to drink to the patient.
xliv.
1. Against the disease cancer, that is, bite : sorrel, salt, ribwort, egg, soot, burnt loam, smede or fine flour of wheat ; mingle with eggs, meadow sweet, " fieferth," oak rind, appletree rind, sloethorn rind : if the cancer wax on a man, work up some new chalder and la}' on ; cleanse the wound thei'ewith.
2. Against cancer ; burn sulfur in a copper vessel, rub it to dust, as small as thou may, and sift through a cloth, mingle with old soap, and let the sulfur pre- dominate, add a moderate quantity of virgin honey ; see if it be, too stiff, moisten it witli the honey ; lay on a mallow leaf; when it healeth, boil in butter cuckoo sour and singreen and woodroffe, smear therewith the borders, where it is red ; make the other salve cleanse the wound, put no water. A salve for cancer ; take cows milk, without water, make it become cream, turn it to butter, wash it not in water. Take the small turnsole unwashen, make it clean, pound it thoroughly, mix it well with the butter, put it into a pan over the fire, boil it thoroughly, strain well through a cloth, cure therewith. Against disease of cancer : oak rind on the north side of the tree by the earth, and the
110 LiECE BOC.
pypt nioJ>epeapb • jepejiSe ni]pepea)ib • cunejiseppe nio- }>opeapb • bo ealpa empela jecnua to bufce • bo lienne fejep f hpite to • -j hunij bo bejea empela jemen^ piS J?am bufciim cla^m on Sone eancep ne bo nan p?etep to.
.XLV.
yi]) attpe bpencaf "j Isecebomaf • betonican mepce • pejnnob • pmul • pebic • cnua on ealaS j-ele bjiincan. piS attjie betonican "j ]?a fmalan attopla];an bo on halij psetep bpinc f pseteji -j et ];a pypta. Ui5 selcum attjie • pebic "j elate ete eep ne msej ]>e nan man attpe fol. 42 a. apypban. PI'S selcum attpe bipceoppypt ni];epeapb -j
elehtjie • -j fppmj pypt nio]?epeajib eo):opJ?potan • "j clatan • apyl on ealaS pele bpmcan jelome. jtp nreb- b]ie j-lea man pone blacan fnejl apsepc on halij psBtpe pele bpmcan o]>])e hpset hpeja ] sep ];e fjiam fcottum come. 6pt pejbjiteban jejnib fpipe bpmc on pine. Pi]; nsebpan bite betonican ^te ]>\iy penejaf jepeje bo on ]>]\y boUan pulle pmef pele bpmcan.
Pi]? nsebpan bite ept ptfleape appunjenu -j \>\\> ptn jemenjeb 30b bij> to bpincanne. Yip nsebpan bite ept celejjonie jetpipulabe bjunce on nealit neptij • ill. bollan jrulle. pi]> nsebpan pleje fppmjpypc • atoplaj^an • eopopppocan • bipceoppyjit ]'ypc to bpence.
Pi|) |)on ])e mon Jncje atoji • jenim pa. bajian hunan jepypc micelne bsel *j nsebeppypte cnua tojsebepe -j ppmj f peap bo pmef }jpie mel on ^j pele bpmcan. yip nsebpan plite ntm pejbpseban • ^ ajpimonian • -j nsebbep pypt pele jejnibene on pme bpmcan • -j pypc fol. 42 b. pealpe op ]?am ileum pyptum • -j mm |^a ajjiimonian
Ch. xliv,
LEECH BOOK. I. 111
netherward part of meadow sweet, the netherwavd part Book i. of "feferthe," the netherward part of cynoglosson, em- ploy of all equal quantities, pound to dust, add thereto the white of a hens egg, and honey, employ equal quantities of the two, mingle with the dusts, clam or maJ^e it cling on the cancer, put no water to it.
xlv.
1. Drinks or 'potio7is and leechdoms against poison. Pound in ale betony, marche, wormwood, fennel, radish ; administer this to drink. Against poison ; put in hoi}' water betony and the small atterlothe, drink the water and eat the worts. Against any poison ; eat ere the danger cometh radish and clote ; no man may then do thee a mischief with poison. Against any poison ; boil the netherward part of bisliopwort and lupin, and the netherward part of springwort, everthroat, and clote in ale ; give to drink frequently. If an adder strike a man, or for whatever of that which cometh of shots, wash the black snail in holy water, give to the sich to drink. Again, rub waybroad thoroughly fine, drink it in wine. For bite of snake, put so much of betony as may weigh three pennies into three bowls full of wine, give it the man to drink.
2. For bite of snake again ; cinqfoil wrung and min- gled with wine is good to drink. For bite of snake again; celandine bruised, at night fasting, let the man drink three bowls full. For adders wound, work eu- forbia, attorlothe, stemless carline, ammi, into a drink.
3. In case a man swallow poison, take then hore- hound, work up a mickle deal of it, and adder wort, pound them together and wring the juice, pour thereon three measures of wine and give this to the poiso7ied man to drink. For hurt from snake ; take waybroad, and agrimony, and adderwort, administer them rubbed up in wine to be drunk ; and work up a salve of the
112 L^CE ROC.
jepyjic anne hpmj ymb ];one j-lice ucan ne ofepfciliS hit }:up}'op • "j bmb ]?a pypce ept opeji ]3 bolh. Pi]j nasbjian yle^e bo op }>inum eajian ]3 ceojio -j fmipe niib ymb *j fmj j^pipa Jjsep haljan See lohannep jebeb -j
jealboji.
From the beup meup et pateji et piliup et fpipitup Sanctup,
Assumptio sci ^111 omnia ]-ubiecca funt. Cui cm nip cpeatnijia be- lohaunis Seuuic ec ommr pocercai- rubiecta eSc et mecuic ec
apostoli. J \. PI 1
expauej'cit et bpaco pujic ec lilic uipepa et jiubeta ilia que bicitup pana quieca toppepcit et pcoppiuS ex-
^phalangiusAl. j-ijij^j-uj^ et pejulup iimcituji et fpelaiu]"'^ nihil iioxmm opepatup et omnia uenenata et abhuc pepociopa pepen- tia^ et animaha noxia te iiepentup" et omnej- abueppe Saluti^ humane pabicep ajiepount. Tu bomme extinjue hoc uenenatum uipuf extmjue opepatjonef eiuf mopti- pepaf et uipef quaf In ye habet euacua et ba In con- fpectu tuo omnibuf quof tu cpeaftj • oculof ut uibeant aujiep ut aubiant cop ut majnitubmem tuam Intelle-
fol. 43 a. jant '* et cum hoc bixij'j'et totum femet jpfum fijno
cpuci]' apmauit et bibit totum quob epat In cahce • pep pijnum Sancte cpucif • et pep te xpe ihu et^ beo fummo patpe umiS faluatop munbi In umtate fpipitup Sancti pep omnia Ssecula Sseculopum amen ;
])i]) pleojenbum atpe "j selcum jetejmum fpile • on ppijebseje ajjpep butepan J^e fie jemolcen op anej- bleoj- nytne o1S^e hinbe • 'j ne fie pi]? p?etpe jemenjeb • aj-mj opep nijon fi]?um letania • "j mjon pi]?um patep noptep • -j nijon fi]?um J>ip jealbop • Acpse • sepcpse • fepnem • nabpe • gepcuna hel • sepnem • nijjsepn • ?ep • afan • buipme • abcpice • sepnem • meobpe • sepnem • jejjejm • sepnem • allu • honop • ucuf • ibap • abcept • cunolaju • paticamo • helse • icap xpita • hsele • tobsept tejia • pueh • cui • pobatep • plana • mil • '^ beah to
' pepentje, MS. i ' -gunc, MS.
^ tenebancuji, MS. ^ Supply cum. This doxology is
^ abiK'ri'e SaluciS, MSS. | an addition, not in the legend.
LEECH BOOK. I. 113
same worts, and then take agrimony, form a ring ai-ound Book T. the incision on the outside, (lie mischief will proceed no *"'' '''^" further, and bind the wort also over the sore. For stroke of viper, remove from thine ears the wax and smear around therewith, and say thrice the prayer of Saint John.
4. Dominus mens et pater et fdius et spiritus sanctus ; cui omnia subiecta sunt ; cui omnis creatmu deservit et omnis potestas subiecta est et metuit et expavescit; et draco fugit, et silet vipera, et rubeta ilia qu?e dicitur rana quieta torpescit, et scorpius extinguitur et regulus
tho. hcLfiU he \mc\iviY et o-TrijAajoj^ nihil noxium opera- ^ The tarantula
tur, et omnia venenata et adhuc ferociora, repentia et i^*^,^ ^'"^ '" '?
. ^ hole watching
anmialia noxia, te verentur ; et omnes adversse saluti for prey.
human?e radices arescunt ; tu, domine, extingue hoc ve-
nenatum virus, extingue operationes eius mortifera,s, et
vires, quas in se habet, evacua, et da in conspectu tuo
omnibus quos tu creasti, oculos ut videant, aures ut au-
diant, cor ut magnitudinem tuam intelligant. Et cum
hoc dixisset, totum semet ipsum signo crucis armavit,
et bibit totum quod erat in calice : per signum sancttc
crucis, et per te Christe lesu, qui cum, domino summo
patre vivis, salvator mundi, in unitate Spiritus Sancti,
per omnia secula seculorum. Amen.
5. For flying venom and every venomous swelling, on a Friday churn butter, which has been milked from a neat or hind all of one colour ; and let it not be mingled Avith water, sing over it nine times a litany, and nine times the Pater noster, and nine times this incantation. The charm is said in the tahle of contents to be Scottish, that is Gaelic,^ but the ivord.s themselves seem to belong to no known language. That is valid
' Or Gadhelic, or Irish. An early I as not Scotland, occurs in TIClfrics instance of the mention of Ireland, 1 Homilies, vol. ii. p. .T JG.
VOL. XL H
114 LMCE BOa
[Blciim -j liujiu CO beopum boljum. Sume an j^ojib piS nrebjian bire IsejuaS co cpe])enne f ip fanl ne mrej liim bejuan. ])i^ nveh]\ai\ yhte 31]: he bejefc "j yt pmbe fio pe cyniS oj: neojixna pon^e ne bepeS him nan atteji • fol. 43 b. J>onne cpoe]; pe pe ]?ap boc ppat p hio psejie tO]i
bejete,
Ttp lipa bjiince pypm on poetejie op fniSe fceap paSe bjnnce hax: p j'ceapep blob. Tip mon fie jyjituin poji- bojien pele fpjimjpypt p he ete -j hahj pasteji pupe. ]}\]) }Jon ]>e mon fie popbopen • jip lie hsey]? on him fcyttifc peax • J^a fmalan attoplaSan o^^e on ajjylbnm ealaS bjnnce ne msej hme pyptum popbepan.
• XLVI.
'^<,
qIP ana p3^]im on men peaxe • fraijie mib prepe blacan pcalpe jip he nt pnjih ete -j ]>ypel jepypce • jentm hnni^ep bjiopan bpype on j^ast pyjiel • hapa ]>onne je- bpocen ^Isep jeapa jejpunben fceab on p pypel ponne pona fpa he J^rep onbipij^ ponne fpilt he. Sealp piS anapypme • ]nif mon j-ceal pypcean. Tentm qiimque- polian p ip pipleape* .puban pyl on butejian ^efpet mib huni^e.
bpenc qumquepolian p ip pipleape pele on ealaS bpm- can pipitij nihta. bpenc ]>iS ];on prebicef fj©b -j caulep jnib on eala o]>])e on pm bjimce yi]) anapyjime lanje -j jelome op f pel fie. Clam yip ];on ])a jieaban tijelan fcl. 44 a. jecnnpa to biifce -^emenj ]nt> 5]iut abjiaeb cicel leje on
]) bolli ]'y]ic o]H;pne ;5ip J^'ajip fie.
LEECH BOOK. T. 115
for every, even for deep wounds. Some teacli us against Book I. bite of adder to speak one word, that is, Faul;' it Cii. xlv. may not linrt him. Against bite of snake, if the oiian procures and eateth rind, which cometli out of paradise, no venom will damage him. Then said he that wrote this book, that the rind was liard gotten.
6. If one drink a creeping thing in water, let him cut into a sheep instantly, let him drink the sheeps blood liot. If a man be "restrained" with worts," give him springwort for him to eat, and let him sup up holy water. Incase that a man be "withheld;" if he hath on him Scottish wax, and the small atterlothe ; or let him drink it in boiled ale, he may not be " restrained " by worts.
xlvi.
1. If 0ns worm ^ grow in a man, smear with the " See Glos- l)lack salve. If tJie worm eat through to the outside ^^'^^' and make a hole, take a drop of honey, di'op it on the
hole, then have broken glass ready ground, shed it on the hole, then as soon as the worm tastes of this he will die. A salve against an 0ns worm, thus shall a man work it : take cinquefoil, that is five leaved grass, and rue, boil them in Ijutter, sweeten with honey.
2. A drink; administer in ale cinquefoil, that is five leaved grass, or 'potentilla, to drink for thirty nights. A drink for that ; rub ' down into ale or into wine seed of radish and of colewort, let the man drink that long and frequently against 0ns worm, till that Ids case be bettered. A plaster for the same : pound to dust a red tile or hrick, mingle with groats, bake a cake, ky it on the wound ; work another ];>laster if need be.
' Cf. " Duo," to drive away scor- I - From hajnieb)niis. See yoiibe« pious, Plinius, lib. xxviii. 5. | jian in Glossary.
H 2
U6 L^.CE P.OC.
.XLVII.
Lgecebomaf ]'i5 |ieo]iabliim • reycjnnb • sejpan jiinh • elm jmib • cpicjnnb • fio micle popjnj uerle nio]:»opea]ib • pepniob • InnbhioloSe • befopeaba ]ja pmba ealle iitan *j j^ecnua fpi) e p}^ tofomne • bo ealpa empela op jeot nnb hlutujie ealo]; \vex: fcanban ];one bpenc nihtejnie on pate sd]\ mon Line bpmcan pille • bpince on mop- jenne fcenc pulne J'lj'ep bjiencep • to mibbep mepi^enef fcanbe eaft peajib 'j bebeobe hme jobe -^eopiihce -j liine jepenije cyjipe hiue fun;j;on5ep ymb {epteji J^am bjieiice ;;^an;t;e pij^J^an -j ftanbe fume lipile ve]\ lie Iniie jiefte jeoce fpa micel on fpa lie J^seji op bo • bjiince jnpne bjienc nijon nilit -j Jncje fpilcne mete fpa he pille. b)ienc pj]^ ]7eo]iable • funb' oinpjian ymb help fmj ]?pipa pateji ]i]i • bjieb up p>onne ]?u cpe];e fet - libepa nof a malo . j^enim J'jepe pip fiifieba -j feopon pipoji cojm jecnua tojsebejie 'j j'onne ]m f pypce fmj .xii. fi|pura fol. 441). ])0iie pealm • mipejiepe mei beup • -j jlopia In excelpif
beo • 'j patep nopteji • opjeoc J>onne nub pine ];onne brej •j nilit pcabe*^ bjunce ]>onne ]7one bpenc *j beppeoli 6e peapme, Tenim Jjonne hinb hiolopan ane^ 6p7;eot mib yrete]\e bjiince o]?]ie mojijne fcenc pulne |?onne o]>pe ]-i])e feopon fiifeba -j iiijon pipojicopn • ];pibban pipe 1115011 fnreba -j xi. pipojicojin. 6]iinc pij>)\an fpi<Sne bjienc pepe pille up yjinan 'j op biine • l?et ponne blob unbeji ancleo]'.
' Head fiipe ? { ' At morning tM'iliglit.
- That is. I'ch ; the MSS. usually | ' Some Avords nvc here, it seems, set. I omitted.
LEECH i;0OK. (. 117
xlvii.
1. Leechdoms for '"dry" diseases;'^ ash rind, aspen
sary
Book I. Oil. xlvii.
rind, elm rind, (piickbeaui rind, the netherwai'd i>art ' ^^ °^"
of the niickle highway nettle, wormwood, hindheal, that is, luater agrimony, empurple all the rinds on the outside, and pound them thoroughly, boil them togetlun-, apply equal quantities of all, souse them with elear ale, then let the drink stand for the space of a night in a vessel, before a man shall choose to drink it. Let him in the morning drink a cup full of this drink ; in the middle of the morning hours,' let him stand towards the east, let him address himself to God earnestly, and let him sign himself with the sign of the cross, let him also turn himself about as the sun goeth fivrii east to south and west ; after the drink let him next go and stand some while ere he repose himself; let him pour as much liqmd into the vessel as he removes from it : let him drink this potion for nine nights and eat what meat he will. A drink for the "dry" disease ; delve about sour ompre, that is, sorrel dock, sing thrice the Pater noster, jerk it up, then while thou sayest sed libera nos a malo, take five slices of it and seven pepper corns, bray them together, and while thou be working it, sing twelve times the psalm Miserere mei, deus, and Gloria in excelsis deo, and the Pater noster, then pour the stuff all over with wine, when day and night divide, then drink the dose and wrap thyself up warm. Then take hindheal alone, souse it with water, drink the next morning a cu}) full, then the next time seven slices and nine pepper corns, the third time nine slices and eleven pepper corns ; afterwards drink a strong potion which will run up and adown ; ^ then let blood below the ancle.
1 This .should be read as be- o'clock. The middle will be about ginuing the morning at dawn, and seven on the average, ending it at unbejm, our nine I ■ Purgative and emetic.
118 LJECE BOC.
bpenc ])i\> ]78opable mnie liealj: pubu 'j bulent-jfan j-a linalan • Jninoji j'yjic • ]Hibiipeaxau moj'opeajib • pealpyjit; mojjopeajibe jecnua ]?onne ealle topomne pypce liim Co bjieiice bo on pylifc ealo • o]?J?e on beo]\ Imt fcanban nilicepne • bpmce ]?onne I'pilcue nijon mopjenai' • nime ]jy teoj^an mopjne ]7Pep bpincef tpa bleba pulle • bepylle on aue -j j^a pyjita fien mib apeoli ]?u]\li claj? apete tip ]78eji hio eo]i]7an hjiman ne mreje o]? ■^ hic mon bpmcan mseje ; ^ ];onue }?u hit ~ jebjuincen lisebbe be-
fol. 45 a. ppeoh ]?e peapme lije on J^a fiban 'pe he J»onne jecenje
lie- jip he'^ on J^am mnoj^e.biS J^onne abpifS hme )?el' bpinc ur. Sealp pi]? ])eope mm japleac -j jjieate J'yjic • pepmob leabe* netlan ciS jecnua fmale "j hiopoc fmepu gemanj p hit: fie fpilc fpa bah bo ]?onne on hnenne claS pyjime ]?onne ^ehppejjeji je ]5 he je jja pealjre co pype ]?onne ]7U hit fmypian pille Jjsep fio abl fie fylje htm mib ]7ippe fealjie -j mib ])yp ^ bpence. bpenc pi)? |?eopable bjiije pejimob • pebic pealpypt ealpa J?]ieopa em }:ela bo on eahi gnib pel hi3te set jepefran fcanban ]?peo nihc iep pon he hme bjunce • -j pi]?]?an he hme bjimce ymb feopon mhc pojilcece blob uiibep |;am an- cleope bpmce poji]? ]?one bjienc peoj^ejit^me nih'c • Isete jponne ept blob unbep ]?am o])]ian ancleope, bjnnce eallep pone bpenc j'pitig nihta on unbejm jobe blebe fulle oj'pe ]7onne ]?n pefcan pille. pi]? ];eo]ipypme on pet mm ]?a peaban iietlaii gecnua bo pseteji to leje on
fol. -15 b. hatne fuan liBt appeo]?an binb on ]?one pot neahtejme.
6pt pealp setan jecnua leje on. pi]? ]?eope on pet jejmb pealpypt on jefpet pm • -j hpitcpnbu -j pipoji bpince p.
' nBEgc, MS. I ■' This word seems corrupt ; per-
■•■■ hr, MS. I haps jieabe ; red nettle, a plant
,^ The only antecedent abl ought | ofit.'ieB.-t^'uui 1(i>
to be followed by feminine pro- j = )'y)*, MS., understand as hyj-um. nouns.
LEECH LOOK. 1. I 10
2. A drink against the " dry " disease ; take liekl ^o""^ {■. balm^ and the small bulentse, thunderwort,^ the nether a Calaminth'a lYcXvt of woodAvax, the netherward jiart of wallwort, ncpeta. then pound all toojether, work it for him (the patiejtt) ' ^^"'P<^'''''^-
1- , . V J. / vuiii teclorum.
for a driidv, put it into foreign ale or beer, let it stand for the space of a night, then let him drink such drink for nine mornings, take on the tenth morn- ing two cups full of the drink, boil them both in one, and let the worts be therewith, strain through a cloth, set it up where it may not touch the eartli, till that a man may drink it ; when thou have drunken it, wrap thee up warm; lie on the side to which the imin is incident, if it be in the inwards, then this drink will drive it out. A salve against the "dry" disease ; take garlic and great wort, wormwood, a plant of net- tle, pound small, and along with it harts grease, that it may be such as dough is, place it then on a linen cloth, then warm both the body and the salve at the fire ; when thou wilt smear the body or the spot where the disease may be, follow up the 'patient with this salve and with this drink. A cMnk for the "dry" disease; dry Avormwood, radisli, wallwort,*^ of all these equal " Saiabucas quantities, put into ale, rub the herbs doivii well, the man should have the liqmd stand at first for three nights before he drink it, and subsequently let him drink it for about seven nights, let him let blood under the ancle, let him drink the drink straight on for fourteen niglits; let him next let blood under the other ancle. Drink the dose for thirty nights in all, a good cup full at nine A.M. or when thou wilt go to bed. For a "dry"' worm in the foot; take the red nettle, pound it, add water to it, lay it on a hot stone, make it froth, bind it on the foot for the space of a night. Again, a salve ; pound oats, lay on. For the "dry" rot in the foot, triturate wallwort into sweet- ened wine, and mastic and pepper ; let him drink that.
120 L/ECE BOC.
Oxa liejibe |nj-ne lajcobom • jeiiiine pealpyjic "j cluj:- j^unj -j ciieopliolen ^ ejrelaptau "j cainecou "j tunjilj'in- pyjit • vim. bjuuie bij-ceop pypt • "j attojilaj^an 'j peabe net Ian • -j jioabe ]io]:an --j pepmob -j jeappan • "j hunan ■j boljjiiman • -j bj^eopje bpolrlan bo ealle ]>a]' pypta on pylipc ealo -j bjnnce ponne nijon bajal' "j blob Isete. ])i]) J^eop pfBpce pypc to bjience alexanbpe • finpulle pejunob • tpa cneopliolen • paluian • lapme • pealmope • lupefcice • pepep puje • mepce • cofc • japleac • tej'C- I'jiotu • beconice • bifceop pyjic • on tj^ybpopnum ealaS jepypce (pet mib Imnije bjmic nijon mopjenaf nanne o];epne poetan bjunc repcep Ipijme bpenc "j Iset blob fol. 4G a. oxa laepbe jnfne lascebom. j^i]? JjBope cneopliolen nij^e-
peajib • acumba • cpiS • -j bpune pyjit ealjia empela bo on pililc ealii • bepyl o]? ]?pibban bsel -j bpmce ]m hpile ]>a lie jnijipe • -j ]?a3p lio abl jefitce pylje hmi fiinle nnb ti^e hopne o]? ]3 Lai fie.
• XLVIII. "E\iJ.iv0es. 1 Pij; |,ain pyji mumjje mnan ejlaS j)am men • jennn
l^e^bpteban jetjupula -j Ji peaj) j-ele on cuclepe fupan •j ]>a p3^]it ]-elpe Ipa jecnupabe leje on j^one napolan. PrS cilba mnoj'ep pypnmm • jennn jpene mmtan penne gelm jebo on ppy ]'e]-t]iaf pa?tepel" peo5 o]? ]?pibban bsel apeoli ]?onne pele bpincan. piS cilba mno]) I'ape bpeopje bjiolrle • "j cymen jernm jebeat jemense pij; pjietep le^c opeji Sone napolan Ibna biS hal. Vi& pypmum ]>e innan ejIaS • ^enelbep lieojirej- hopnep ahfan oSSe bufc
Jfcrb. Apul., ii. 10.
LEECH BOOK. I. 121
3. Oxa taught an this lecchdoin : take wall wort, ;>nd Hook 1. clofting, and kiieeholn, and everlasting, and cainniock,' '' ^ ^"' and white hellebore, in the proportion of nine to one, brownwort, bishopwort, and atterlotlic, and red nettle, and red hove, and wormwood, and yarrow, and hore- honnd, and pellitory, and pennyroyal, put all these worts into foreign ale, and then let tJte rnan driidv for nine days and let blood. For the "dry" pain; make into a drink, alexanders, sedum, wormwood, the two kneeholns,- sage, savine, carrot, lovage, feverfue, marche, costmary, garlic, aslithroat, betony, bishopwort, work them up into double brewed ale, sweeten with honey, drink for nine mornings no other liquid ; drink afterwards a strong potion, and let blood. Oxa taught this leecli- dom. Against "dry" rot; put into foreign ale, the netherward part of kneeholn, tow,^ matricaria (?\ and brownwort, of all equal quantities; boil down to one third part, and let the patient drink while lie may re(piire it ; and where the disease has settled, follow him up ever with the drawing horn* till the place be hole.
xlviii.
Against tlie worms which ail men witliin ; take intestinal waybroad, triturate it, and give tlie juice in a spoon worms, to sup, and lay the Avort itself, so pounded, on the navel. Against worms of the inwards of children ; take green mint, a handful of it, put it into three sextariuses of water, seethe it down to one tliird part, strain, then give to drink. For inward sore of chil- dren take pennyroyal and cunmiin, beat them up, mingle them with water, lay them over the navel, soon it will be whole. Against worms which ail a mail
' Pcucedanuin officinale.
■ Only Muscus aculcalus grows wild in England. There are three otherE.
^ Understand as reduced to ashes. See note on I. xxxiii. 1. * Cupping glass.
122 L^CE BOC.
jemenj pi6 himij jefmijie mib J^one bpecj^eajim ^ jjone napolan mib ]?y jjonne jreallaS hie, ^ pib pyjimum \)e innan ejla^ jerpijrolab- cofc to bufce • jebo jobne ba3l in hat paeteji yele bpmcan.
fol. 46 b. ^P^P pj^jimiim eyt jate cojib iieajib -j I'piSe bjnje je-
menj -j jejmb yip liunij pele bjimcan pset abjiip]> liie
]Marcellus, apej. piS pyjimiiin ]^e mnan ejlaS ept jiebtc feo"6 on psetjie oj? pone ]?]ubban bsol menje pi];* pm pele bpmcan.
Marcellus, 6pt pib bon gate ^eallan jebo on puUe lege "j biub on ' ' ]>one napolan. yip ]>on ilcan • mmtan pel jetpipulabe
menj pij? Imnij py]ic to lytluin clipene Itet popfpeljan. 6pt ele -j ecebep em micel gemenjeb pele J^py bajap bjiincan. Gpt eopojij^jiote • mejice • Ijetonice • nepte • jiScojm pyl on jnne. pi]> pyjunuin pe innan ejlab pyptbjienc op oiitpan • op pelbmopan lele bjnncan- Sealp • ete celej^onian • b]iunep3qit a]:»ylle on mojiobe • bo ]7onne Icip teajio -j fpepl to imi]ie mib.
. XLVIIII. AoKapts. y^p ]'3,m I'malan pyjime. pipepmban tpij pojiepeajib •
•j ]7a pealpan boccan njep pa jieaban • -j pip jpeate pcalt jcbeatcn toja-'bepe fpiyjc I'male *j lytel butejian.
.L.
y ip lionb pyjimum -j beap pyjimuin • jenim boccan fol. 47 a. obSc clataii pa pe i'pnnman polbe pa pyjittjiuman men;^
pi6 plccan "j prS j'calt last I'ranban pjico iiilit -j ]>y pcoppan bajje iinipc inib pa j'apian fcopa.
' riiiiius Valerianus, ut infra. l ' Piiniuw Valerianiis, fol. 41, c. ■-' Head secjujola. |
LEECH BOOK. I. 123
within ; minsrle with hone^', tishes or dust of burnt ^^H \\. harts horn, smear therewith tlie fundament and the navel, then they fall away. For worms which ail Avithin ; triturate costmar}' to dust, put a good deal into hot water, give to drink.
2. For worms again ; mingle and rub up vriih honey a hard and very dry goats tord, administer it to be drunk, that will drive them awaj*. Against worms which ail a man within, again; seethe in water radish to the third part, mingle with wine, give to drink. Again for that ; put goats gall on wool, lay and bind it on the navel. For that ilk ; mingle with honey, mint well triturated, work it into a little bolus, make him swallow it. Ao-ain, give for three davs to diink oil and of vineg-ai- an equal quantity. Again, everthroat,^ marehe, betony, nepeta, githcorn ; boil them in wine ; For worms which are troublesome within ; give to drink a wort drink of •*ontre'" and of parsnip. A salve ; let him eat celandine ; let him boil brownwort in inspissated wine, then add thereto ship tar and sulfur ; smear therewith.
xiix. For the small worm; the forepart of a twig of Hair worm, withe wind, and the tallow dock,* not the red one, ^i?«'"f r "•«"- and this coarse salt beaten together very small and Apalustris. little butter.
].
1. For hand worms- and dew worms ; t-ake dock or clotes, such as would swim, mingle the roots with cream and with salt, let it st^aJid for three nights, and on the fourth day smeai" therewith the sore places.
' Curlina acttulis. Keipjoi = tacniaj ? tape worms, \ronas
- Souse Gl. make gad dies the I like ribands or tapes ; i-ead as hand worms ; are they rather here I x^'P'"*-
124 L^CE BOC.
tT): pypm hanb ete • jentm mejifc meaji jeallan 'j jieabc netlaii -j jieabe boccan "j I'mjele clifan yy\ on cu butejian j^onne fio j'ealj: jelbben I'le pipj^um nun Jjonne j'ealtej' ])]iy men Iceab on hpeji colbnme • -j Innjie nnb • ly)7]ie mib lapan ymb mhc fmijie inib. pi}) beappypme Icseppe on liar col cele nnb pfetjie itseppe on Ipa hat Ipa he harol'r mpeje, pib beappyjiine • fume mmaS peajim cpeab monnef ]?ynne bnibab neahtepne on • fume fpinef lunjenne peapme. ])i^ honb pypme Nmi fcijVceapo • "J fpepl 'j pipop • -j hpir j-ealr menj coSomne fmijie nnb. peax pealp pi)> pyjime • peax pealp • butepe pipo]i hptr yealt: menj tofomne fmijie nnb.
.LI.
Pi]) pyjimum^ ])e mannep plsej'C etaS jiam jeallan |;one pajan cnua on ni]ie ealo seji ])on Inc aj'ipen pe fol. 47 b. pele ]5 opeji p3'llo bjiincan ))]ieo nihr. 6pt: jemm jjiunbe
fpeljean ]?e on eojipan peaxe]? -j fceapej- fmejiu menj tofomne jelice pela leje on. 6j:t jennn bepen eap befenj leje on fpa hat 'j hat pjietep lapa on. ]}ip plccpc pyjimum jenim monnep fnjian |a leap gejiel tojtebjie jebjiifib on jtejife jecuna ]7onne leje on fpa j'u hatofc nuieje ajipepnan,
.LII.
yi]) Infiim acjiiub -j hpon pepmob jccnua on ealn pele bjuncan. UiS lulum c])'ic peolpoji "j ealb butejie an pemnj peolpjiep • -j tu pennij pa'je butepan menj on ajipot eal toSomne.
' 'POnplacrii ?
LEECH BOOK. I. 125
2. If a worm cat the hand ; take marsh mareo-all''^ Book i.
f'l 1 and red nettle, and red dock, and tlte small bur, boil ^ "
in cows butter; when the salve is sodden, then further ^,„,.,„/,„/,«)(///
take of salt three parts, shed thereuj>on, shake together,
and smear therewith ; lather with soap, about night
timie smear therewith. Against a dew worm; let the
man step upon a hot coal, let him cool tlie foot with
water ; let him step upon it as hot as he hottest maj".
For a dew worm, some take warm thin ordure of
man, they bind it on for the space of a night ; some
tahe a swines lung warm. Against a hand worm ; take
ship tar, and sulfur, and pepper, and white salt, mingle
them together, smear therewith. A wax salve against
a worm ; a wax salve ; butter, pepper, white salt,
mingle them together, smear therewith.
li.
Against worms which eat a mans flesh ; pound into new ale, before it be strained, the party coloured ram gall,' give the running over to drink for three nights. Again, take groundsel which waxeth on the earth, and sheeps grease, mingle thein together, alike much in qwtntlty, lay on. Again, take an ear of beer or bar- ley, singe it, lay it on so hot, and hot water, leave it on. Against flesh worms; take mans sorrel, boil the leaves together, spread them out on the grass, then pound them, lay them on, as thou hottest may endure them.
lii.
Against lice ; pound in ale oak rind and a little wormwood, give to the lousy one to drink. Against lice ; quicksilver and old butter ; one pennyweight of quich^Wev and two of butter; mingle all together in a brazen vessel.
' Menyimthea trifoliafa.
12G LiECE BOO.
.LTIT.
V iS fmejca j'yjmie nipe cyye -j beob]ieab 'j lipfietenne lilap ete. Gyx: monnej" lieapob ban bj\3]in to aliyan bo jnib pipan on.
.LIIII.
J)]]> pyjimaecura lice "j cpelbehtnm acjnnbe bnfc • {rpcjiinbe bufc • ellen pnibe bnfc on no]i}jan neo];an fol. 48 a. jam cpeope • eolonan mopan bufc- boccan mopan bufc'
j'yjim acmehipep bnfr pipopef bnfr fijlan bufc • fpejrlep bnfc • ele • 'j li0]i]-ep fmejiu Co pope -j pcipteajiof leefc ' ]>ip]"a ealpa empela -j })a]ia biifca ealjia empela jemenj eal cealb to)-omne p hic pjiam ])ani ])ofuni eal pel fmitenbe fmipe mib on nihc *j on mojijen ale]:>]ie.
.LV.
Pi]) aplejennni lice . bpom • peltejie • ^eappe • Iiope p3'l on butepan -j on hiui ^ fmipe mib.
.LVI.
> ypc bse}* pi]) aplejenum lice • jentra 'p micle peapn nio])opeapb • -j elm jtmbe jpene jecnua cofomne -j meb- bjiofna bo CO pretan jnib fpiSe cofomne leje on lanje lij'ile o]> p he peapm fie o])}^e onfcaeppe.
pip aplejenum lice pealp eolone fpiSe jefoben "j niSepeajib homoppecj "j ealb fpic cniia eal topomne jjyjim ])U]ih cla(5 co pyjie fmijie mib • pceappa ];onne fimle ymb . YIT. niht ]-ere liojni on pa openan pceajipan
Iluro ail erasure occurs, as if luuiise laud been meant, but not filled ii
LEECH BOOK. I. 127-
liii. Book r.
Ch, liii. Against a boring worm ; let the man eat new cheese
and beebread and wlieaten loaf. Again, burn to ashes
a mans liead bone or skull, put it on with a pipe.
liv,
For a wormeaten and mortified body ; dust of oak rind, dust of ash rind, dust of elder rind, taken on the north of tlie tree, and the nether part, warm, dust of the root of helenium, dust of root of dock, dust of acorn meal, peppers dust, dust of rye, sulfurs dust, oil, and horses grease for a liquid, and the least propor- tion of ship tar, of all these equal quantities, and of all the dusts equally much ; mingle all cold together, so tliat by means of the liquids may be all well smudg- ing, or tJiorougJily unctuous, smear therewith at night, and in the morning lather.
Iv.
For slain, that is, stricken, body, broom, fel terrre,^ » Enjthraa yarrow, hove, boil these in butter and in honey, smear '^(^"'""'^'^""'^ therewith.
Ivi.
1 . Work a fomentation for a stricken body ; take
the mickle fern,'^ the netherward part, and elm rind ^ AsphHum green, pound them together, and for a liquor add mead'"'' dregs, rub them up thoroughly together, lay on foi- a long while, till tliat the sufferer be warm or walk about.
2. For a stricken body, a salve; heieniurn thorouglily sodden, and the netherward part of hammersedge, and old lard, pound all togetlier, warm through a cloth at the fire, smear therewith ; then scarify continually about the bruise for seven nights, set a horn ' upon
' A cupping horn.
128 LtECE boc.
fol. 48 b. fmijie mib ])[e]ie Macan yealje fpa mht fj^a tpa fpa
];eapp fie 'j liy opeiie yynb.
.LVII.
^ukTi. j^ip }-'ice hjienc ^ pealj: • py]ini J'jpt pylle on meolce
^ b)\ince. Sealp cnua jlaep co bufte bo hiniije]- tfaji on lacna \> bolj niib.
.LVII I.
lo penj-ealpe 'j pen byliim • pyjic hie op nio] opea]ibjie nerlan "j op hemlice 'j op ])B?]ie clupihran penpyjite "j op p[epe fmalan mo]ipy)ire pyl ealle peopep on bnrejian 'j on pceapep fineppe o]?]? jenoli j'le jecnna ept ]>a ilcan pyjita on ]>ie]\e pealpe -j j'cip ceapo -j japleac -j cjiopleac -j pecjleac "j pealr menj pel bo on claS p^^jnn ro pype fpi^e^ fmipe mib.
Penj'ealp ourjie cejipan peai^e neclan pejunob • tpa penpyjita • ellen jimbe • pejbp.tebe • fujmn • bipceop pyjit • bulor niSepeapb • fmepe pypt • peak • pcipteaj\o • -j pceapen fmejia. pij) pen byle Nim cpopleac • ontpe • fol. 49 a. eolone • clupelite penpypr • jecnna ealle J^a )'/)ita fpi])e
pel leje on.
Penj-ealp hiojiorep meajih • ipij; teapo -j jebeaten pipop 'j fcip ceapo.
^ [P^V ]^^ blacan blejene fyle })am men etan cpejeu cjioppaf oSSe ])]\y op ) sepe pypte ]?e man on J>peo pifan hace^ myxenplante.]
fpi«, MS.
In the margin, in a different and later hand.
LERC'Tr BOOK. I. 129
the open scarifications, smear with tlie black salve, bo Book I. it for a night, be it for two, as need be, and as they " ^''
be open.
Ivii.
For the disease called fig, a drink and a salve ; let him boil worm wort in milk and drink it. A salve ; pound glass to dust, add a drop of honey, leech the wound therewith.
Iviii.
1. For a wen salve and for wen boils ; work the salro of the netherward part of nettle and of hendock, and
of the wenv/ort which has cloves or bulbed roots^'^ and =" Probably
of the small moorwort, boil all four in butter and in f ""f"^"^"^'
sheeps grease till there be enough, pound again the
same worts in the salve, and ship tar, and garlic, and
cropleek, and sedgeleek,^ and salt, mingle well, put i> AHium
on a cloth, w^arm thoroughly at the fire, smear tliere- •'^fhienoprcmm.
with.
2. A salve for wens ; ontre, cress, I'ed nettle, worm- wood, the two wenworts, elder rind, w^aybroad, sorrel, bishopwort, the nether part of bulot, smearwort, salt, shi]i tar,^ and sheeps grease. For a wen boil ; take cropleek, ontre, helenium, the clove rooted wenwort, ]iound all the worts thoroughly well, lay the stuff on.
8. A wen salve ; harts marrow, ivy tar, and beaten pepper, and ship tar.
4. [Against the black blain, give to the man to eat two bunches or three ofl:' the wort, wdiich is called in three ways, the mix en plant.^]
' Pix uavalis is occasionally prescribed by the medical authors, as Nic. Myreps, 481, c, in the Medicte Artis Principes. - Atropa belladonna.
VOL. ir. I
130 L^CE BOC.
LVIIII.
^ PiJ> If ft able • mm j^cenc jrulne peallenbef psetejief o)>e]ine elep • *j bpicef yealtey fpilc fpa mseje mib j:eo- pep pmjpum jemman • hpep tojsebepe op 5? hit eall
V' on an fie. bpmc eall be bpopan pefc hpile fanj pmjep
on ciolan afpip^ epc eall -j ma 51]: ]>u masje • ]?onne on mor^5en foplset blob oj: eapme • oS6e of fpeopan fpa msept apsefnan mseje • -j j-ceappije • *j hpon onfette opep eall fmipe }>onne mib liacan ele "j htm sejhpset;
^- j-ealrep beopje • bpuce jlsebenan "j eop ojipeapnep uppe on
rpeope -j mib hnej'ce puUe opep ppiSe ealle J)a fceappan ]7onne hie fien jefmyjiebe. ])i]> neujiipne banpypt bo on fupe plecan 'j on hunij sejep jeola menj tofomne fmijie mib. Gpt jienpypmaf cnua bo on.
.LX.
P16 bjiyne pypc pealpe • jemrn jate tojib "j hpsete fol. 49 b. liealm jebsepn to bufce jemenj burn pij) butepan bo
on pannan opeji pyp a]>yl fpi^e pel apeoli |)U]ib cla5 fmipe mib.
Pi]> bpyne jemm pmulep ni})epea]ibe]- jebeat piS ealbne pypele -j leje on. Bpc jentm lilian -j jeappan pyl on butepan fmipe mib. pij), pon ilcan pylle pibban on butejian -j fmipe mib.
Pi]7 J;on ilcan pylle jeappan on butepan fmijie mib.
Pi]? ]?on ilcan pylle coccuc on pceape]' fmeppe -j atcojilajjan -j eopoppeapn bo on hunij oSSe on peax. Pi]> }>on bo as^ej- ]3 hpite on jelome.
napAxvati. | = afpi])e, as third persou better.
LEECH BOOK. I. 131
lix Book I.
Ch. lix.
Against palsy ; take a cup full of boiling water, another of oil, and of white salt so much as one may pick up with four fingers ; shake together till that it be all one : drink all this by drops, rest awhile, poke thy finger into the gullet, spew up again all and more if thou ^ may ; then in the morning let blood from the arm or from the neck, as much as he ' may bear ; and scarify and let him put something on, then after all smear with hot oil and let him taste a trifle of salt; employ gladden and everfern picked high up on the tree, and cover over with nesh wool all the scarifica- tions when they have been smeared. Against "neu- risn" put bone wort into sour cream, and into honey, mingle together with this the yolk of an egg, smear therewith. Again, pound up earthworms, apply them.
Ix.
1. Against a burn work a salve; take goats tord and halm of wheat, burn them to dust, mingle both with butter, put into a pan over the fire, boil thoroughly well, strain through a cloth, smear therewith.
2. For a burn, take some of the netherward part of fennel, beat it up with old grease, and lay on. Again, take lilly and yarrow, boil them in butter, smear therewith. For the same, boil ribwort in butter and smear therewith.
3. For that ilk, boil yarrow in butter, smear there- with.
4. For th^t ilk, boil mallow in sheeps grease, and attorlothe, and everfern, put them into honey or into wax. For that same, put the white of an egg on frequently.
The careless use of pronouns belongs to the text.
I 2
132 L^OE BOC.
P'P l>]iyn<3 pab jecniia pyl on butejian finipe raib.
.LXI.
^ Pib liS psejice cnua li5 pyjit; ])i'6 Imnije o])])e ceop -j leje on. 6}?u pulpep heapb ban baejin fpi'Se -j jecnua fmale ajyfc ]m]\]\ claS bo on f bolj. PiS li]? psepce cnua pejtniob pi]; teojipe -j pencepfan apjiinj f feap op menj tolbnme clceni on J3 li'S j;e ]?ie]i faji pie jebnib peepte on. pi]> liS peape jelob pyjit • bjiune pyjit: • ■j ba)\e pypt lytelu optofe peaxe]; on cune hsepS fol. 50 a. hpire blofcman jecnua Sa }?peo pyj^ta jemenje ]3 bi}>
/ 30b j-ealp. O^anejum men li'S j-eau pyb6^ jepjun;^
seplej" feap on 'j bojmep fceapof'an fjnSe fmale jepceap cpnn on p bolb ninan bo f op "j fnnle nipe on. pi]? b'S feape h];py]it liunbep beapob jebspjine "j jecnupije -j jebjipebebne jeppel • menj ]3 eall tofomne bo ]3 on. 6pt j-ennn fujme ?eppel jebpreb 'j leje on • bo jpuc on upan ]jone reppel :•
Pi]; lib peape • jeiiim ina5e]7an menj piS hunij bo on ]> bolj -j Ijinb ppefce. pi]) peape jenim acpmbe -j bjiije 'j I'lpc to fmebman -j plahpopn pmbe nio])opea]ibe fypt
' 'Apdp~rts. I Dooms, p. 42. art. 53. " Si quis in
- Subluvium. We find the out- | " hnmevo plagietur ut glutinum
flowing of the synovia an object " compagum efflnat:" Laws, Henry
of leg.al enactment. See vElfrecLs I., p. 2G5.
LEECH B(K)K. 1. 133
5. For a burn, pound up woad, boil it in buttci-, ■^^'jok I. •smear therewith. ^^- '"•
Ixi.
1. Against racking pain iu the joints, pound lith- wort with honey, or chew it and lay it on. Again, burn thoroughly the head bone or skull of a wolf and pound it small, sift it through a cloth, put it on the wound. Against pain in the joints, pound w^ormwood with tar and fen cress, wring out the juice, mingle together, stick the residue upon the joint where the sore is, bind it on fast. For the synovia of the joints, silver weed, brown Avort, and the little harewort,^ it oftenest waxeth in a garden, it hath white blossoms, })0und tlie three worts, mingle them, that is a good salve. With many men the synovia of the joints oozeth out,^ wring on the spot the juice of an apple, and shave very small some shavings of horn, crumble"^ them on the wound within it, remove that and ever apply the same anew. For the synovia of the joints, burn lith-
wort,-'^ hound shead, and pound them up with roasted •■■ Samlmcus apple ; mingle all that together, apply it. Again, take ^ " "*' a sour apple, roast and lay it on ; ap|)ly groats over above the apple.
2. For the synovia of the joints, take maythe, mingle it with honey, apply it to the wound and bind it fast. For the secretion of the joints, take oak rind and dry it and work it to a fine Jiour or smede, and further sloethorn rind, the netlierward part of it, sift tlieni
' Lepidium ? ! " siipincntiir, aut vicinis adfixi in-
- " Tunc articiili tumcntesinflau- " cunibant, ct aliquanclo Immore
" tui', ac cleinde durcscunt ft soli- | " piirulento vel miicilento collecto,
" dati saxeam faciunt qualitatem ; " aut viscoso, gcnerent poros, quos
" turn etiam nigriores cfficiuntur, ! " cos transitus dicere potcrimus.'" —
" atque contort!, ut in ohliquas Cnrlius vV^.irclianus, about A.D. 230,
" partes digiti vcrtantur, aut rcflexi Chron. lib. v. cap, 2.
134 " L^ECE BOG.
]>A }?ujili claS -j fceab on f bolj. pi8 li8 j^eape • jeiiiin cetelhjitim *j bejieiihealm jebaejm 'j jnib tojsebepe 'j fcab on. Jif li]?ule utyjine ^entm mepce nio]?opeapbne •j hunij -j Lpsetenef melupep fmebman "j picjjan Innel ' bejnib tofomne leje on. Gpt 5emm mebopypte nioj^o- peapbe ^ecniia fniale menj pi]> hmiije leje on ]?8et jebatob fie.
fol. 50 b. Ttp lijmle ticypne jennn eceb -j fujie cpuman bejie-
nep hlapep -j jienpyjimap men^^ toSomne bmb on pset; p h]? mib ecebe o]7]?e mib fupan eala^. Jip lijjule tityjine • jentm pepmob -j jecnua bo on teojio clsem on -j bmb on yssyte.
.LXII.
^ Pi]? pepeji able • elehtjian • ^yj^pipe • pejbjiasbe jecnua on ealu Iset fcanban tpa nilit pele bpmcan. P1J7 peppe ept betonican bpmce fpiSe • -j ete Jjpeo fnseba. 6pt: bjunc on Llutrcptim ealaS pepmob • jyj^jiipan • betonican • bipceoppypo • pen mmte • bojen • fio clupilite • pen- pyjit • mappulDie • bpmce J'pitij baja. bpenc ]n]> ]7on • beronican • fppmjpypr attojilaSe • bepbme • eopopj^pote • Imnbeptunje • bpeopje bpoMe • pepimob. pi8 J^pibban baejep pepjie on peajimum psetpe bpmce betonican tyn popan ]?onne to pille. piS peo-^J'an bsejep pepjie bpimce pejbpseban feap on fpetum psetpe tpam tibum sep him fol. 51 a. fe pepep to pille. pi]? selcej- bsejef pepepe bpmce
on cealbum paetepe betonican bufcep f senne penmj jepeje • o]?ep fpilc pejbppeban.
Pi]? peppe ept hylpS fynbpijo majiubie to bjimcanne. Pi]? lencten able pepmob eopop ]?jiote • elebtpe • pej- bpsebe • pibbe • ceppille • attoplaSe • pepeppuje < alex- anbjic • bipceoppyjit • hipefcice • Saluic • capj-uc pypc to
' Read Innelye ? 1 •' Uvpirus, Febris.
- men, MS.
LEECH BOOK. I. 135
throuo'h a cloth, and shed that on tlie wound. For ^"^"^ ^•
. . . Ch. 1x1.
synovia of the joints, take kettle soot and barley halm, burn and rub them together, and shed on. If the synovia run out, take the nether ward part of marche and honey, and the smede of wheaten meal, and the bowels of an ear wig, rub them together, and lay on. Again, take the netherward part of meadowwort, pound it small, mingle with honey, lay on till it be mended. 3. If the synovia run out, take vinegar and sour crumbs of a barley loaf, and earthworms, mingle to- gether, and bind on ; wet the joint with vinegar or with sour ale. If the synovia run ou€, take worm- wood and pound it, put it on tar, plaster it on, and bind it on fast.
Ixii.
1. For fever disease ; pound in ale lupins, githrife, waybroad, let it stand for two nights, administer to drink. For fever again ; let him drink betony much, and eat three bits of it. Again, drink in clear ale wormwood, githrife, betony, bishopwort, fen mint, rose- mary, the clove rooted wenwort, marrubium, drink for thirty days. A drink for that, betony, springwort, attorlothe, vervain, everthroat, houndstongue, dwarf dwosle, wormwood. For a tertian fever, let the sick drink in warm water ten sups of betony, when the fever is approaching. For a quartan fever, let him drink juice of waybroad in sweetened water two hours before the fever will to him. For a quotidian fever, let him drink in cold water so much of the dust of betony as may weigh a penny ; as much more of way- broad.
2. For fever again it helpeth, to drink marrubium alone. For lent addle, or typhns fever, work to a drink wormwood, everthroat, lupin, waybroad, ribwort, cher- vil, attorlothe, feverfue, alexanders, bishopwort, lovage.
13G
LiEOE BOO.
fol. ol b.
* Head Indc.
bjience on pelfcum ealaS bo halij piereji to • -j Ipjunj
pij- mon yceal pjiitan on hu]*lbipce "j on j'one bpeuc inib habj pajrejie ])pean -j jnnjan on •
+ + +A+ + + + +CD+ + + + + + + + + In ppmcipio ejiat uejibum et nejabum epat apnc beum et beup ejiat: ue]ibum. ]Doc ejiat In p]nnci})io apuo beum omnia peji ij^Siim ysczn Sunt, pj'eah J'onnc ■]) ^epjut mib bab^ j'a^cjie op ]?am brfce on }7one bjienc* Inij • ]jonne cjiebo ^-j pateji nopteji -j \ny leo]?. bcati Jniii cubxtj ]>one feabn mib ab bommum ]?am .xii. jebeb pealmmn. Abiuro uoS ppijopef^ et pebpeS • pep beum patpem omnipotentem et pep eraf pibum lepum cjnptum peji apcenfum et bipcenfum^ SaJuatopip noptpi ut jiecebatiS be boc pamulo bei • et be cojipuSculo eiu]- quam^ bomniup noptep Inbimmape Inftituit. Um- cit: nop leo be tpibu niba jiabix bauib. Uincic uoj- qui umci non poteSt • + xpp natuf • + xpp pafsup • + xpf uentujiuf • + aiuj- •'* + aiup • + aiup • + Sc)- • + Sep- + Sop* Jn bic''' Salutipepip mceben]- jpepiibup upbe]- • oppiba jiupa uicop captjia cafcella pejia^pani". Omnia bepulpq- fanabat cojipopa mopbi]- -^ -j J>pi])a ];onne onfupe ]nep psetepef fpelcef 3ebp?e]7e]i pajia manna.
ITpos haitxaviKovi.
.LXIII.
Pi]? peonb leociim men • ]?onne beopol |)one monnan pebc obSe bme iiinan jepealbe mib able. Spipebpenc ebibtpe • bifceoppyjit • beolone cpopleac jecnua toSoinne bo eala to psetan Iget franban ncabtejine bo piptij lybcopna on -j babj pa^tep, bjienc pip peonbfeocum men op cijucbellan to bpmcanne • jyj^jnpe • jlsep •'^ jeappe • elebtpe • betonice • attopbape • cappiic • pane • pinul •
' Frigora.
^ Descensum.
^ Quern.
■* an\y = aytos.
'■" Head Oppida, rura, casas, vicos,
castella pcragrans ; Sedulius, Carm. Pascli , Lib. III., 23. Inter- ■floven in the text of Beda, III. xxviii.
" For nej^la:)-, cynajglaei-j-an ?
LEECH BOOK. I. 137
Hage, cassock, in foreigu ale ; add holy water and i^<>'>^ I.
Ch. Ixii. spring wort.
8. A man shall write this upon the sacramental An exorcism
paten, and wash it ofi' into the drink with holy water,
and sing over it .... In the beginning, etc. (John
i. 1.) Then wash the writing with holy Avater ott' the
dish into the drink, then sing the Credo, and the
Paternoster, and this lay, Beati immaculati, the psalm ;'
with the twelve prayer psalms, I adjure you, etc. And
let each of the two^ men then sip thrice of the water
so prepared,
Inde salutiferis incedens gressibus urbes,
Oppida, rura, casas, vicos, castella peragrans
Omnia depulsis sanabat corpora morbis.
SEDVLIVS.
Ixiii.
For a fiend sick man, or demoniac, when a devil possesses the man or controls him from within with disease ; a spew drink, or emetic, lupin, bishop wort, henbane, cropleek ; pound these together, add ale for a liquid, let it stand for a night, add fifty libcorns, or cathartiG grains, and holy water. A drink for a fiend sick man, to be drunk out of a church bell ; cimrch bell. githrife, cynoglossum, yarrow, lupin, betony, attorlothe, cassock, flower de luce, fennel, church lichen, lichen, of
' Psalm, cxix.
- Two, the leech and the sick ; two is in j^ehpaj^cji.
138 LMCE BOC.
cipicjiaju • cjiifcef msele]* jiai^u • lupefcice • ^epyjic ]7one fbl. 52 a. bjienc oj: liluttjium ealaS jefmje feofon msej'yan 0}:e]\
]7am pyjitum bo ^apleac 'j halig psetep to -j bjiype on selcne bpincan ]?one bpenc ]^e he bpmcan piUe ept* 'j fmje ];one fealin • bean Inmaculati -j exupsat; • -j Saluum me pac beuj- • *j j^onne bjimce J;one bpenc op cipicbellan -j fe mseppe ppeofe him finje seprep pam bpence }>if opep. bomme Sancte parep omnipocenf. Pi]? bpsecfeocum men • cofc • jotpoj^e • eluhtpe • betonice • attoplaSe • cjiopleac • hoiecepfan • hope • pmul • afm^e mon msep- pan opep pypce op pylifcum ealoS -j op halij pastepe. bjimce ]?ipne bpenc per jejhpilcum nipe nijon mopjenaf 'j nane o]?pe pseran f ]7icce -j fcille fie • -j selmeppan pelle "j htm apena 30b jeopnhce bibbe. pi^ peben heopte bifceoppypt • elehcpe • banpypt • eopoppeapn • jij^pipe • heahhiolojje j^onne bsej fcabe ^ -j niht ]?onne fmj ]>u on cipicean letaniaf f ip ]?apa hahjpa naman • •j patep noptep mib j^y fanje ]m 5a ]5 ]ni fie aeC })am pyptum 'j ]ppipa ymbja *j ]>oma.e ]>n hie 111 me janj ejrc to cipicean mib ])j ilcan panje • -j jepmj .xii. m^p- pan opep -j opep ealle ])a bpencan ]>e to j^sepe able fol. 52 b. belimpaj) on peop^mynbe |?apa tpelpa apoftola.
.LXIIII.
Pi|> selcpe ypelpe leobpunan -j piS a3lppibenne j^ij- 3ep]ut ppit him ]>iy ^pecifcum ftapum • + + A + 4 O 4-y°+ipByM iHli:- B e p p N NIKNEttANI. Gpt • o]7e]i buft 'j bpenc pi]? leobpunan • jemm bpembel jeppel -j elehtpan "j pollesian jecnua* fipt }?onne bo on pohhan leje unbeji peopob fmj 1113011 mgeppan opep bo on meoloc f buft bpyp ]7pipa on halij psetepef^ pele
' At morning twilight.
- A partitive genitive ; balij; in haliS )i!cce)i is commonly unde- clincd, or regarded as part of a compound.
LEECH BOOK. [. ISO
Cluists mark or cross, lovagc ; work up the driuk off '^ook I. clear ale, sing seven masses over the worts, add garlic and '^ '' '''"' holy water, and drip the drink into every drink which he will subsequently drink, and let him sing the psalm, Beati immaculati, and Exurgat, and Salvum me fac, dens, Psalm cxix. and then let him drink the drink out of a church bell, Psaim Ixix.' and let the mass priest after the drink sing this over him, Domine, sancte pater omnipotens.' For a lunatic; costmary, goutweed, lupin, betony, attorlothe, cropleek, field gentian, hove, fennel; let masses be sung over, let it be wrought of foreign ale and of holy water ; let him drink this drink for nine mornings, at every one fresh, and no other liquid that is thick and still, and let him give alms, and earnestly pray God for his mercies. For the phrenzied ; bishopwort, lupin, bonewort, everfern,^ githrife, elecampane, when day and night di- vide, then sing thou in the church litanies, that is, the names of the hallows or saints, and the Pater- noster ; with the song go thou, that thou mayest be near the worts, and go thrice about them, and when thou takest them go again to church with the same song, and sing twelve masses over them, and over all the drinks which belong to the disease, in honour of the twelve apostles.
Ixiv.
Against every evil rune lay,^ and one full of elvish A holy amultt. tricks, write for the bewitched man this writing in Greek letters : alfa, omega, iesvm (?) beronikh.* Again, ix0Y5 ? another dust or powder and drink against a rune lay ; take a bramble apple,^ and hipins, and pulegium, pound ^ ^ oiackhary. them, then sift them, put them in a pouch, lay them under the altar, sing nine masses over them, put the
' A formula of Benediction ; ! ^ Heathen charm, several such are found in the ' Invoking the miraculous por-
Missals. trait of Christ on the kerchief of
- Polypodium vnhjare. \ St. "Veronica.
140 L^CE BOC.
bnincan on bjieo tiba • on unbejin • on mibb^ej • on non* jij: I'lo abl netnum fie jeot: mib lialij jiterpe on muS f lice bnfc. Sealf elehtjie hejejufe • biyceoppyjit • pa peaban majojmn • ajimelu • cjiopleac • yealr pyl on butejian to fealjre fniijie on f heapob "j J'a bjieolr. bpenc hapan fppecel • alexanbjne • jmbe • elehrjie hejejiipe • bipceoppyjit • mnjope • cpopleac • apmelu • fio cneoelite • j'enpyjit bo on lialij psetep. Jip mon inape pibe • jenim elehtjian 'j japleac • "j betonican • fol. 53 a. -j jiecell" biiib on mepce lipebbe liim mon on "j lie
janje in on pap j'ypte.
.LXV.
6 pt bpenc piS lenc~en able pepejipuje • hpam jealla* pmul • ]'e;5bppebe • jefinje mon pela meeppan opep ] sepe j^yjite -^ opjeot; mib ealaS bo halij pa?t:ep on pyl fpipe ]'t'l bjunce ponne Ipa lie hatofc mseje micelne fcenc pnlne sep pon fio abl to pille :• peopeji jobfpellapa
-'— H- naman "j jealbop "j jebeb • -1-^,-1- . COatheup • + + + -}- +
16.
CtJa]icuS+ + + + + • lucaS • -j4^- • Iobannep_L;^_lt^. Inteji-
cebite ppo me • Tiecon • leleloth • patjion • abiiipo uoS.
6pt jobcunb jebeb • Jn nomine bommi fit benebic- Runes. tiim • b^j^onice • bepomcen • et babet In uefnmento et
In pemope fuo • fcjuptum pex pejmii et bominnj- bomi- Kev. xix. jiantjum*' 6pr jobcunb jebeb. Jn nomine fit bene-
(lictnm . M M IVl R IV1 ]> • N cj . ], T X X M R F p N -j • ]J T X .'-^ e"- pceal mon ipijcnbe pi"]* j'jutan -j bon paf pojib
fpijenbe on pa pmfrjian bjieoft -j ne ja be m on
']; jepjut ne m on beji • -j eac fpijenbe pif on bon •
HAMMANy"EL • BPONice- NOy" e pTAy^EPT.
' This use of the singular is mere '. {xjMRMl' • Ni 'hTX, and unckr- carelessness. i stand the T as an J.
-Head ><MIV!RW|'- NjlTX-
LERCTl BOOK. T.
HI
dust into milk, drip thrice some lioly water upon tlnni, ijook T. administer this to drink at tliree hours, at undern, or ^'''- '^i^'- nine in the morning, at midday, at noon, hora nana, or three in the afternoon. If the disease be on cattle, pour that ilk dust into the mouth with holy water. A salve ; boil lupin, hedgerife, bishopwort, tlie red may the, harmala,^ cropleek, salt, in butter to a salve, ' P''<iii>ium har- smear it on the head and the breast. A drink ; put into holy water, vipers bugloss, alexanders, rue, lupins, hedgerife, bishopwort, maythe, cropleek, harmala, the wenwort which hath knees.^^ If a mare ^ or hag ride '' •^"''''"" a man, take Ivipins, and garlic, and betony, and frank- incense, bind them on a fawns skin, let a man have the worts on him, and let him go in to Ms home.
Ixv.
1. Again, a drink against lent addle or iijplivs ; feverfue, the herb rams gall,^ fennel, waybroad ; let a man sing many masses over the worts, souse them with ale, add holy water, boil very thoroughly, let tlte man drink a great cup full, as hot as he may, before the disorder will be on him ; say the names of the four gospellers, and a charm, and a prayer, etc.^ Again, a divine prayer, etc., deeee]?- hand- |?IX' DEI^e]). HAND • ]?IN • thine hand vexeth, thine hand vexeth.
Again, a man shall in silence write this, and silently pvit these words on the left breast, and let him not go in doors with that writing, nor bear it in doors. And also in silence put tliis on, Emmanuel, veronioa."*
' As in niglit mare.
^ Menyanthes trifoliata.
^ Leliloth is an Arabic-
idol.
(Freytag.) Cf. Alilat Herod, iii. ' The imaore on the kercliief.
142
L^CE EOC.
fol 53 h.
.LXVI.
yi]) unjemynbe "j jnS by)-;5un;5e bo on ealo bij'ceop pyjit . elehtjian • berouican ]?a fuj'ejman jrmujlan • nefcan limbhioloSan • jyj^pijran • mepce • bpmce j^onne. Pi]? unjemynbe 'j bifjunje bo on eala capfiam • 'j eleh- tpan • bifceoppyjit • alexanbjiian • Jij^pipe • pelbmopan •j lialij pretep bpmce ponne.
. LXVII.
V iS jenumenum mete • jentm elelitpan le^e unbeji peofob fmj nijon mseppan opeji ■^ pceal pij> jenume- num mete leje unbep f yset • J7e j^u pille on melcan.' ^tp ealo apejib fie • jenim ];a elehtjian leje on ]fa, peopep pceattap ]7?ep sepnef -j opep ]?a bupu "j unbep ])one ]?epxpolb "j unbep f ealopset bo mib halij psetjie \>a, pypt on f eala ;
jtp mete fy apypb "j anjehpsebe mylcen oSSe pilb o]?]7e bpyjpen • halja ];a pyj'te bo on -j unbep f pset • •j unbeji |?a bupu • bo elehtpan -j clipan • -j betonican •j bifceoppypt.
fol. r>4 a.
. LXVIII.
yi]) |;on jip hunta jebite mannan f ij- fpij^pa pleali J)py pceajipan neali pjiompeapbef lait yjman f blob on 3peimne Iticcan h^ejienne peopp ponne opep pej aj^eg ]?onne ne hip nan ypel. Gpt apleali ane pceappan ou' n ]?am bolje jecnua Ijecepypt leje on ne bij? Mm nan ypel. pi]? jonjelpseppan liite • mm ?epep]?an nio]?o-
' The Saxons used milk and pre- parations of anilk for the food of the churls family. Hence the churls
cow is called his Meat cow, DD,
187, 188,
LEECH BOOK. L 143
Ixvi Book I.
Ch. Ixvi.
Against mental vacancy and against folly; put into ale bishopwort, lupins, betony, the southern or Italian fennel, nepte, water agrimony, cockle, marclie, then let the man drink. For idiotcy and folly, put into ale, cassia, and lupins, bishopwort, alexanders, githrife, field- more, and holy water ; then let him drink.
Ixvii.
1. For the better digestion of meat taken ; take lu- pins, lay them under the altar, sing over them nine masses, that shall avail for meat taken; lay it under the vessel into which thou hast in mind to milk. If ale be spoilt, then take lupins, lay them on the four quarters of the dwelling, and over the door, and under the threshhold, and under the ale vat, put the wort into the ale with holy water.
2. If meat be spoilt,^ and a good quantity of milken
food, or a milking,^ or brewing, hallow the worts,^ put ' ^'^^ m- ^"' them into and under the vat, and under the door ; use lupins, and clifwort, and betony, and bishopwort.
Ixviii.
In case that a hunting spider^ bite a man, that is the stronger spider, strike three scarifications near, in a direction from the bite, let the blood run into a green spoon of hazel wood, then throw it over the road away; then no harm will come of it. Again, strike a scarification on the wound; pound leechwort; lay it on, no harm will happen to the man. Against bite of a weaving spider,* take the netherward part of seferthe,
' Cf. Luke xiv. 34. Marshall. j appropriate for the Aranea taran- - By one of the henisons in the tula, the habits of which our
ecclesiastical Manuale. : author had, doubtless, learnt. ^ Salticus scenicus is now de- ' Aranea viatica,
scribed by this name ; but it is very |
144 L^CE P.OC.
pefijibe "j ]'lah]?0]in • paje ahjiii; to hufre ;5e]>ren mib Imnije lacna ]3 bolh mih. pi]? liuntan bite blace fnejlaj' on hatt]\e pannan jeliypfce' ^ to bufte jepiibene • -j pipop • -j betomcan ete p buft -j bjimce ^ on lecje. PiS Inintan bite Nim ni];epea]ibne^ cottuc leje on ]) bolli. Gpt ayleali • V. yceajipan ane on J»am bite "j }:eopeji janbutan peopp mib fticcan fpijenbe ojreji psenpej.
.LXVIIIT,
yi]) pebe liiinbej- plite ajjiimonian -j pejbjireban ;i;e- menje mib hunije -j aejep ■]> hpite lacna pa pnnbe mib ]/y. pi]> hunbep bolje poxep elate • jjiunbefj^elje pyl on batepan fmijie mib. 6pt betomcan jetpipula leje on |:ione bite. 6pt pejbp^eban jebeat leje on. 6pt fol. .54 h. x:\'>a cipan obSe j^peo feoj? 3eb]ia?b on ahfan men;^ pi'S
jiyple "j luinije leje on. Gpt jebtepne fpmef ceacan to ahfan yceab on. 6pt jemin pejbpseban mojian jecnua'"' pi]^ py]"le bo on ]> bolh J^onne afcjiyp'S hio \> atep apej.
.LXX.
Zip mon fie to pjirone pyl hmbheolojmn on pilifctlm ealaS bjunee on neaht neptij. Gtp mon fie to nn- pppene ]'yl on meolce pa ilcan py]^t ponne apptenpt pu. Pyl on eope meolce ept hmbhiolopan alexanbjiian po]i- netep polm hatte pyjit ponne bip hit fpa Inm leopofc brS.
For j;ehy))jTc'he. ' nijjepeapbe corrected to the masculine, MS. ' secna, MS.
LKKCIl Book. I. 145
and lichen from Llie l)lackt1i()vn, dry it to dust, moisten Book I. with lioney, tend the Avound therewith. Against hite ^ ''• '^''^'"" of Inuititig spider, bUiek snails fried in a hot pan and rubbed to dust, and pepper, and betony, let the man eat the dust, and drink it, and lay it on. For l)ite of hunting spider, take the netherward part of mallow, lay it on the wound. Again, strike five scarifications, one on the bite, and four lound about it, throw the blood with a spoon silently over a wagon way.
Ixix.
For bite of mad dog; mingle with honey agrimony and way broad, and the white of an agg, dress the wound with that. For wound by a hound ; foxes dote,-'' groundsel, boil these in butter, smear ihnve.w'iiU.'' Burdock. Again, triturate betony, lay it on the bite. Again, beat wayl)road, lay it on. Again, seethe two or tliroe onions, roast them on ashes, mingle with fat and honey, lay on. Again, burn a s wines cheek or jaw to ashes, shed this on. Again, take more or root of way- broad, pound it, put it on the wound witli lard, then it will scrape the venom away.
Ixx.
If a man be too salacious, boil waiter agrimony in foreign, ale, let him drink thereof at night fasting. If a man be too slow ad venerem, boil that ilk wort in milk, then thou givest him corage. Boil in ewes milk, again, hindheal, alexanders, the wort which bight Fornets^ pahn,''^ then it will be with him as he would ' Uukuown. liefest have it be.
' For Fornet or I''ornjot, see llie index of name.'?. VOL. II.
144 L^CK EOC.
peajihe ^ ylali]:'0]ni • ji.aje a^jiii; to bufre jej^ren mib Imnije laciia ]3 bolh inih. ])i]} liuntan bite blace fiiejlaj' on hatt]\e pannan jeliyjifce' 'j to biifte jejnibene • -j pipoji • -j betonican ete p bnft -j bjiince *j on lecje. Pi'S Inmtan bite Nim ni];epeapbne^ cottuc leje on \) bolli. 6j:t ayleah • V. j'ceajipan ane on ];am bite •j ):eopeji ymbutan peopp raib fticcan fpijenbe ofeji ppenpej.
.LXVIIII,
y\]) pebe Ininbej- plite ajpimonian -j pejbjifeban -^e- menje mib hunije -j tejey ]> hpite lacna ]>a pnnbe mib ]'.y- P^l^ hnnbep bolje poxep elate • jjiunbefpelje pyl on butepan fmipe mib. Gpt betonican jetpipula leje on J^one bite. 6pt pejbpfeban jebeat leje on. 6pt fnl. 54 b. "cpa cipan oSSe j^peo feo]» jebjia^^b on ahfan menj pi'5
pyple -j hunije le;5e on. Gpt jebrejme fpinef ceacan to ahfan yceab on. 6pt jemm pejbjifeban mopan ^ecnua"'^ pi]> Jiyj'le bo on f bolh jjonne afcpypb hio ]3 atep apej.
.LXX.
Xi)- mon fie to p]ia^ne pyl hinbheolo];an on pilifcuni ealaS bjunce on neaht nepti;^. Glp mon fie to nn- pprene j'yl on meolce pa ilcan pypt };onne appanpt ]?u. Pyl on eope meolce ept hinbhioloJ>an alexanbpian poji- netep pobn hatte pyjit ];unne \n\> hit fpa htm leopoft brS.
For t;ehyji)Tc-be. ' ni})epeapbe corrected to tlie masculine, MS. jecna, MS.
LEECH Book. I. 1 4o
and lichen from the blackthorn, dry it to dust, moisten Book I. with honey, tend tlie wound therewith. Against }»ite xlvui.
of hunting s}jider, black snails fried in a hot pan and rubbed to dust, and pepper, and betony, let the man eat the dust, and drink it, and lay it on. For bite of hunting spider, take the netherward part of mallow, la}' it on the wound. Again, strike five scarifications, one on the bite, and four round about it, throw the blood with a spoon silently over a wagon way.
Ixix.
For bite of mad dog; mingle with honey agrimony and waybroad, and the white of an egg, dress tho wound witli that. For wound by a hound ; foxes clote,^ groundsel, boil these in butter, smear tlierewith. "^'c'^'wA. Again, triturate betony, lay it on the bite. Again, beat waybroad, lay it on. Again, seethe two or three onions, roast them on ashes, mingle with fat and honey, lay on. Again, burn a swines cheek or jaw to ashes, shed this on. Again, take more or root of way- broad, pound it, put it on the wound with lard, then it will scrape the venom away.
Ixx.
If a man be too salacious, boil waiter agrimony iu foreign ale, let himi drink thereof at night fasting. If a man be too slow ad venerem, boil that ilk wort iu milk, then tliou givest him corage. Boil in ewes milk, again, hindheal, alexanders, the wort vjJtich hight Fornets' palm,* then it will be with him as he would ^ l^ul^uown. liefest have it be.
' For Foinet or Fonijot, see the iudex of names. VOL. II. K
146 LiECE BOC.
.LXXI.
Vi]? pseje peofan jiuban fpa jpene feoJ» on ele 'j on peaxe fmipe mib Jjone psejepeofan. 6f r mm jate hsep fmec unbeji );a bpec pi J? ]?8ep J^seje peofan. jtp hoh fmo popab fie . mm popnetef folm feo^ on paetpe be|7e mib f lim -j J^peali mib ^ lim 'j pypce yestlye op butepan fmipe tieptep ba]?e.
. LXXII.
On hpilce tib blob fie to popjanne on lipilce to fol. 55 a. Isetenne. bloblsep ip to popjanne ptptyne nihtum sep
hlapmsejje -j septep pip -j J^pitij nihtum pop ]?on ]?omie ealle setepno J^mj pleoja}; "j mannum fpi'Se bepia^ • laecap Isepbon ]>a |?e pipofte psepon f nan man on ]?am monj^e ne bpenc ne bpunce ne ahpsep hif lichoman panije butan htp nybj>eapp psepe • -j j^onne on mibbelbajtim mne jepunobe poji |^on |?e fio lypt bi]> J^onne fpijioft je- menjeb. Romane him pop]?on 'j ealle fuS pole pophton eop]^ huf pop psepe lypte pylme *j setepneppe. 6ac pecjea^ Isecap 'pte jeblopene j'ypta |7onne fien betfte to pyjicenne je to bpencum je to pealpum je to bufte. JOu mon fcule bloblaefe on ];apa fix pipa selctim on monSe popjan -j hponne hit^ betft fie • Ipecap IsepaS eac ]J nan man on }?on ptp nihta ealbne monan "j ept X. nihca -j piptyne 'j tpentijef 'j yiy *j tpentijef -j
' The idea is blob j-oplsecan, for bloblaese is feminine.
LEECH BOOK. I. 147
, . Book i.
IXXl. Ch. Ixxi.
For the dorsal muscle, seethe in oil and in wax, rue so green, smear the dorsal muscle therewith. Again, take goats hair, make it smoke under the breech up against the dorsal muscle. If a heel sinew be broken, take Fornets palm, seethe it in water, foment the limb therewith, and wash the limb therewith ; and work a salve of butter, smear after the fomentation.
Ixxii.
On what season bloodletting is to be foregone, on what to be practised. Bloodletting is to be foregone fifteen nights ere Lammas,^ and after it for five and thirty nights, since then aU venomous things fly and much injure men.^ Leeches who were wisest, have taught, that in that month no man should either di^ink a potion drink, nor anywhere weaken his body, except there were a necessity for it ; and that in that case, he during the middle of the day should remain with- in, since the lyft or air is then most mingled and impure. The Romans for this reason, and all south folk, wrought to themselves earth houses, for the boil- ing heat and venomousness of the lyffc.^ Also leeches say that blossomed worts are then best to work, either for drinks, or for salves, or for dust. Here is set forth how a man shall forego bloodletting on each of the six fives in the month, and when it is best. Leeches teach that no man on the five nights old moon, and again on the ten nights old, and fifteen nights old, and twenty, and five and twenty, and on the thirty
' August 1.
- This refers to Italy and to its plumbeus auster, Autumnusque gravis, Libitinse qusestus acerbse.
^ The Italian sirocco, per autum- nos nocentem corporibus.
K 2
14S L^CE EOC.
Jjpitnjef nilira ealbne monan ne lisre blob ac betpeox ])a]ia ]'ex ppa selcum • -j nif nan Ijloblaeytib fpa 50b fpa on ]:ojiej>eapbne lencten J^onne jni yjrelan pEetan )1. :>') 1). beoj^ jejabejiobe |)e on pmrjia jebjiuncene beoS -j on
kalenbaf apjiilif ealpa j-elefc ];onne tjieop -j pyj^ta a?pefc tip ffijiyttacS ];onne peaxeS fio ypele jiUefcpe -j v^ p ypele blob on J^am holcnm j^sep lichoman. r'iy mon-
ne]- l)lob bolli ypelije jentm ]7onne jeojiraeu leap apylle on ptetjie 'j be]7C inib • "j jccniia nioj^opeajibe leje on. Tip |hi pille on fnibe blob pojih^tan • ntni cerelef hpum ;^e;5mb ro bufce pceab on ]^a punbe. Temin jnjen healm ept 'j bejien jebsejm to bufue • jip |m ne mtpje blob bolli appij^an 5en1"in hojipep tojib nipe abjure on funnan o'S^e be pypie je^nib to bnfre fpi];e pel leje }5 buft Ipij'e ]?icce on Imenne claS ])]n}> niib ]?y p blobbolh neahtepne. Jip ]n\ jeotenb tebpe nc niajje apjiipan jennn p ]'elpe blob Jie opypji'^i ;5eba3]in on Latum ftane •j jejnib to bufte leje on pa sebpe p buft "j ' appi''6 fpiSe. Ttp mon ?et bloblpetan on fmpe beplea menj topomne j'eax -j ptc -j fceapen fmepa lege on cla8 ^j on p bolh. .
.LXXIII.
V Qip men cnje hpilc hm ^^enim jnjen niela bo on ]> hm -j nane psetan • jip pu psetan bel'u to oppe fraejia
A. oG a. pealpe ne mealit pu hit jelacnian -j ]'e man j'ceal fpipe
I'tille beon py j-u pcealt hme lialue ;^ebon.
.LXXIIII.
V jhy peajrcuiu ^j pcajijiuui^ Gn lime • i^entni iinjjieuan •j hunijef peap menj tojsebejie bo on pa ])eaptan -j
' So in Latiu Verruccc arc disiinguisiiod from Vari.
LEECH BOOK. I. 149
nights old moon .sliouKl let blood, but betwixt eacli nl" ijook I.
the six fives: and there is no time for bloodletting so ^'^- ^■"^^""
good as in early lent, when the evil luimom-s arc
gathered which be drunken in during winter, and
on the kalends of April best of all, when trees and
worts first up sprout, when the evil ratten waxeth,
and the evil blood, in the liulks or holloiv /ntme-
vjorks of tlie body. If a lancet wound grow corrupt
in a man, then take mallow leaves, boil them in water,
and bathe therewith, and pound the netherward part
of the wort ; lay on. If thou wilt stop blood running
in an incision, take kettle soot, rub it to dust, shed it
on tlie wound. Again, take rj'e and barley halm, burn
it to dust; if thou may not stanch a lAooMeiting wound,
take a new horses toi'd, dry it in tlie sun, or by the
fire, rub it to dust thoroughly well, lay the dust very
thick on a linen cloth, tie up for a night the blood-
letting wound with that. If thou may not stanch a
gushing vein, take that same blood which runneth out,
dry it on a hot stone and rub it to dust, lay the dust
on the vein, and tie up strong. If in bloodletting a
man cut upon a sinew, mingle together wax, and
])itch, and sheeps grease, lay on a cloth, and on the
cut.
Ixxiii.
If for a man any limb of his become chinked or chopped, take rye meal, apply it to the limb and no wet ; if thou puttest wet to it, or a grease salve, thou mayest not cure it, and the man sliall be very still, in that way thou shalt make him h.ole.
Ixxiv.
Against warts and callosities on a limb ; take sin- green, and juice of honey, mingle together, apply to the
150 LMCE BOC.
peajijiaf. 6j:t cealjrej" fceapn 'j ahfan jemenj piS eceb •j leje on. Gy- yipiey jimbe jebsepn to ahfan bo eceb to tpipula fpiSe "j leje on.
.LXXV,
y\]} fcujipebum nsejle • mm jecypnabne friccan pete on ]>one nsesl piS ]?a peapta pleah ]7onne f ^ blob I'ppmje tit • pypc Jjonne ]?ymel to -j lege ealb fpic on upan ]?one nsejl healb ppitij nihta pi]? psetan • Nim ]^onne hpseten copn 'j hunij menj toSomne leje on bo ]> to o]? f hal pie.
.LXXVI.
yip 5ic]?an boccau -j pypm melu "j pealt' ealpa empela menj piS fupe pletan -j fmipe mib J?y. ])!]> jicj^an mm fcipteapo 'j ipijteapo ~j ele jnib tojeebepe bo Jipibban bsel fealtep^ fmipe mib ]?y.
^ol- 56 b. .LXXVII.
Zip ]7U pille ^ ypel fpile paSe utbepfte mm peax -j hemlic hatte pypt jebeat jepypmeb toSomne pypc to pealpe bmb on ])a fropa.
• LXXVIII.
vTip men unlui't fie jetenje • nime betomcan f pille }?py penejap jepejan bptnc on fpettim psetepe.
[LXXVIIII.]
Xiy mon ppam lonjum peje jeteopob fie bpmce be-
' Sebon in the margin of MS., by later hand ; gebo on was meant. - After fealce)- add on.
LEECH BOOK. I. 151
Avarts and the callosities. Again, mingle with vinegar ^^^qJ^ j calfs sharn and ashes, and lay on. Again, burn to Ch. ixxiv ashes withys rind, add vinegar, triturate thoroughly, and lay on.
Ixxv.
For a scurfy nail ; ^ take a granulated bit of vv^ood, set it on the nail against the warts, then strike, so that the blood may spring out, then work a thumbstall for it, and lay old lard above upon the nail, hold it for thirty nights against wet, then take wheaten corn and honey, mingle these together, lay on, apply that till all be well.
Ixxvi.
For itch, take dock and worms reduced to meal, and salt, of all equally much, mingle with sour cream, and smear with that. Against itch, take ship tar, and ivy tar, and oil, rub together, add a third part of salt, smear with that.
Ixxvii.
If thou shouldst desire that an evil swelling should rathely burst, take wax and a wort hight hemlock, beat them together when warmed, work to a salve, bind on the places.
Ixxviii.
If to a man loss of appetite happen, let him take betony, so much as will weigh three silver pennies, and drink it in sweetened water.
[Ixxix.] If a man is tired by a long journey, let him drink
' Thus, " Ungumm scabritiem " ; Plin. xxx. 37.
152 L^CE BOC.
tonican on }''am liiSpenaii oxiimelle • jp' eceb bpenc
])e pe te]\ bepojum pjiiton pi]? J^repe liealp beaban able.
.LXXX.
yip jwn }>e mon hme popbjiince. bjimce beronican on pcGCjie teji oj?epue bjiincan. €pr pyl betonican -j eo]l^ jeallan on hlurcpum eala'5 oj^j^e on fpilcjie pae~an I'pa he bjiincan I'cyle bpmce fimle neji mete. GjTu 5en1"ni Ipmep lunjenne jebjiaeb -j on neaht nej-tij ^enun pip Ihseba fnnle.
. LXXXI.
yip miclan celc mm netelan peo]? on ele I'mijie -j ;i;nib ealne ]7]nne lichoman mib fe cyle jepit apej.
. LXXXII.
Qip men I'le micel psgce jetenje popij jejnib on ele imipe Jnnne ■ji^litan niib -j J^one lichoman ealne pun- boplice pa]7e him bi]> fio pjiacce jeinetjob.
.LXXXIII.
1 o monnep I'cemne mm cejipillan -j pnbucejipillaii bifceoppyjit ontjpan • jjiunbefpeljean I'ypc to bpence on hlntrptim ealaS • xim j^peo fneeba butepan jemenje ],>i(S hj'seten mela -j jepylte jjije mib j-y bpence bo f'pa mjon moji^enaf ma jip hip j^eapp fie.
' i^jienc is piasculine, j^ may have I most likely ; or even as early as been written since ecei>, neuter, this, i> may begin lo stand for any comes as the next word, and so seems I gender.
LKECll HOOK. ].
153
betony in the southern drink, oxyniel ; tlie acid driidc Book l. of whicli we before wrote in treating of the half dead ^ ' '^''''^' disease.^
Ixxx,
In case a man should overdrink himself; let him drink betony in water before his other drink. Again, boil betony and earthgall in clear ale, or in such drink as he, tlte drunkard, may have to drink, let him drink this always before meat. Again, take a swines lung/"^ roast it, and at night fasting take five =■ riia.xxx..^i. slices always.
Ixxxi.
Against mickle cold ; take nettles,'' seethe them in •> See Catullus, oil, smear and rub all thine body therewith : the cold ^ will depart away.
Ixxxii.
If to a man there betide much wakefulness, rub down a poppy in oil, smear thy foi'ehead therewith, and all thy body, wonderfully soon the wakefulness will be moderated for him.-
Ixxxiii.
For a mans voice ; take chervil, and wood chervil, bishopwort, " ontre," groundsel, work these to a drink in clear ale. Take three slices of butter, mingle with wheaten meal, and salt it, swallow this with the above drink ; do so for nine mornings, more if tliere be need of it.
' No such disease had been men- tioned in this book ; it is found, II. lix, with the receipt for oxymel.
- The change of pronouns is an
error of the text.
154 L^CE BOC.
. LXXXIIII.
Zip mon \>un^ ete aj^eje butepan "j bjuiicc • i'e Jmnj jepit on )?a butejian. Gfx: pi]? Ipon franbe on heapbe aplea him mon pela fceappena on |7am pcancan Jjonne jepit iir '^ attep j^upli }?a pceappan.
.LXXXV.
iTip mon punbije pi]? hif peonb to jepeohtanne frsej? fpealpan bpibbaf jefeoj^e on pine ete }?onne sep • o]>]>e pylle psetpe feoSe.
. LXXXVI.
yi]> miclum jonje opep lanb })y Isep he teopije mucjpypt nime him on hanb o}7]?e ho on hip pco }?y Isep he mejnje "j ]7onne he niman pille sep j-unnan upjanje cpe]7e ]?af pojib sepefc. Tellam^ te aptemepia ne lapfup fum ^ In uia • jefena hie ]?onne J7U up teo :•
. LXXXVII.
Zip mannep peax pealle pypc him pealpe mm ]7one miclan J^unj -j hajian fppecel -j eapypte nio]?opea]ibe • ■j pepbpyjit . pypc op ]?8epe pypte -j op ]7ifum eallum })a pealpe -j op ]78epe butepan J^e nan psetep on ne come. Jip peax pealle apylle eopoppeapn -j be]?e f heapoh mib ])y I'pa peapme. pi]? ]?on jip man calu fie • pliniup fe micla Isece fej]? ]?ipne Isecebom • jentm beabe beon jebsepne to ahfan -j linfasb eac bo ele to on f feo}?e fpij?e lanje opep jlebtim afeoh }?onne -j appmje 'j nime peliep leap jecnupije jeote on ]?one ele • pylle ept hpile on jlebtim afeoh J?onne fmipe mib geptep ba]?e.
' Bead ToUam. I -' Read fim.
LEECn BOOK. J. 155
l^^V- Book I.
If a man eat wolfs bane, let him eat and drink but- ^^' ^^^^^"''' ter, the poison will go off in the butter. Again for that, let him stand upon his heid, let some one strike him many scarifications on the shanks, then the venom departs out through the incisions.
Ixxxv.
If a man try to fight with his foe, let him seethe staith swallow nesthngs ' in wine, then let him eat them ere the fight, or seethe them in spring water.
Ixxxvi.
For mickle travelling over land, lest he tire, let him take mugwort''^ to him in hand, or put it into his shoe, Vol. I. xi. i. lest he should weary, and when he will pluck it, be- fore the upgoing of the sun, let him say fu-st these words, " I will take thee, artemisia, lest I be weary on the way," etc. Sign it with the sign of the cross, when thou puUest it up.
Ixxxvii.
1. If a mans hair fall off, work him a salve, take the mickle wolfs bane, and vipers bugloss, and the netherward part of burdock, and ferdwort, work the salve out of that wort, and out of all these, and out of that butter on which no water hath come. If hair fall off, boil the polypody fern, and foment the head Avith that, so warm. In case that a man be bald, Plinius, the mickle leech, saitli this leechdom : take dead bees, bm-n them to ashes, and linseed also, add oil iipon that, seethe very long over gledes, then strain, wring out, and take leaves of willow, pound them, pour the juice into the oil, boil again for a while on gledes, strain them, smear therewith after the bath.
' Sand martins, hirundines riparia>.
i5G L.ECE BOC.
JOeayob 1)03]? pits ]70n • pelijej- lea]: pylle on psecejie Jjpeah mib ])f tep ]7ii hit I'mejiupe -j ])a leap cnua I'pa jefoben pjuj? on niht; on o]) f hio fie ' bjuje ^ ]m mseje I'meppan septep mib ]7?epe fealpe bo Ipa .xxx. nilita lenj jip hip ]?eapp lie. ^i]? ]?on J^e- hpep ne peaxe fo!. 58 a. lemetoan rejpu jenini jnib fmit on ]\a frope ne cymS
]?a3p niBppe senij peax tip ;
Tip hseji to j^icce lie jentm Ipealpan jebsejm unbeji cijelan co ahfan "j \?et: fceaban ]?a ahpan on.
.LXXXVIII.
Pi]) hojipep hpeople • mm ]?a^ liapanpyjit cnua pel jemenj ]?onne pi8 pepfcjie butepan j^yl fpi8e on but- ]ian bo on •]> hoji]' fpa hit: hatofc masje fmipe selce bseje bo fimle };a pealpe on • jip fio hjieopol fie micel jentm hlonb jehast inib fcanum ]?peah mib ]?y hlonbe fpa hatum -]5 hopf* ]?onne hit: bjnje fie fmipe mib ])iepe pealpe lacua nine, Gpt; jemm pynian fealtr- l^eliset ])peah mib ];y • 'j Sonne bpije fie fmipe mib pipcep fmejipe. Jip hopf jeallebe fie • mm fej^elpep&nj jiypt: -j jotjjojmn • 'j majej^an jecnua j^el bo butejian to pjnnj pagrenbe ]mph claS bo hpit fealt on hpeji fjn])e lacna j'one jeallan mib. ]>iy hopj'ep jeallan ntm a?pc]7potan ^j jotpoj^an npepeapbe -j bojen eac fpa cnua tofomne yyl on pyple "j on butepan afeoh ]7uph claS fmipe mib, :•
Tip hojip fie 6j:feoten o]>])e o].ep neat mm omppan fol. 5Sb. 3'ieb "j fcittifc peax jej-mje mon .xii. mpeppan opep -j
bo halij ptetep on ]3 hopp o'SSe on fpa hpilc neat fpa hit fie hapa Se J^a pyjite fimle mib.
Pih pon ilcan mm tobjiecenjie nseble eaje fcinje hinban on ];one byjilan ne l)i]) nan teona. :•
' For fien. - Read p4' hon ]/. ^ After ha a -word appears want- in?.
* Read jiynian fealrej", as before, xxxii. 2. ?
LKEflf HOOK. I. ]')7
2. A head bath for that ; boil willow leaves in water, Book T. wash with that, ere thou sinear it, and pound tlie ^'''- l^xxvn. leaves so sodden, bind on at night, till they be dry,
that thou may after smear with the salve ; do so for thirty nights, longer if need for it be. In order that the hair may not wax ; take emmets eggs, rub them up, smudge on the place ; never will any hair come up there.
3. If hair be too thick, take a swallow, burn it to ashes under a tile, and have the ashes shed on.
Ixxxviii.
1. For a horses leprosy,^ take the hare- wort, pound it well, then mingle with fresh butter, boil thoroughly in butter, put it on the horse as hot as possible, smear every day, always apply the salve. If the leprosy be mickle, take piss, heat it with stones, wash the horse with the piss so hot ; when it is dr}'', smear with the salve, apply also leechdoms inwardl3^ Again, take runnings of salt, heat them, wash with that, and when it is dry, smear with fishes grease. If a horse be galled, take stichwort, and goutweed, and maythe, pound well, add butter, wring it wetting it through a cloth, add white salt, shake thoroughly, leech the gall therewith. For a horses gall, take ash- throat, and the upward part of goutweed, and rosemary also, pound together, boil in fat and in butter, strain through a cloth, smear therewith.
2. If a horse or other neat be elf shot,^ take sorrel seed and Scottish wax, let a man sing twelve masses over it, and put holy water on the horse, or on what- soever neat it be, have the worts always with thee.
o. For the same ; take an eye of a broken needle, give the horse a prick luith it behind in the barrel, no harm shall come.
' Grease in the legs ?
- The Scottish phrase for this disease ; see the Glossary.
158 LMCE EOC.
Book 11.
.1. J9as laecebomap belimpaS to eallurn inuo]pa met- cjiymnejjum. :•
.II. Lsecebomaf pi]? majan yajie ealjia • x. -j jip fe maja a]?eneb fie -j hptet he j^icjean pcyle on jjsejie able. :•
.III. Laeceboma]' be jefpelle *j j-ajie ]>2d\ majan hu him mon fcyle blob Isetan. :•
.illi. Lsecebomap pi]? heajibum fpyle ]>8e]- majan "j fmepenej'pa -j hpfet he Jncjean j'cyle. :•
.V. Lseeebomap pi]? majan a]?unbenepj'e -j hpset he on Jjsejie able J'lcje. :■
.VI. Lfficebomal" pi)? unlulre -j plsetan ]?e op majan cymS -j hpset he ]?iC5ean fcyle • nil. cpsepraf :•
.VII. Lgecebomaf pi^S abeabobum majan 'j jip he pop- Ibjen fie -j tracn abeabobej' majan hu ]? ne jemylt ]? he Jjije]? • VI. IsBcebomap. :■
fol. 59 a. .VIII. Lsecebomap pi]? j'ape 'j unlufce ]?aBp majan pe
}?e ne msej ne mib mece ne mib bpmcan beon jelacnob •j bitepe hjisecetunje J?popa5 • nil. cpseptap.
.villi. Lsecebomaf pi]? mpimbe majan. :•
.X. Lsecebom piS plsettan 'j to hsetenne untpumne
majan ;
.XI. Lsecebom pi]> a]?unbene]'pe majan pmbijjie -j
ejjunje. :•
.XTI. Lfecebom pi]? fpip]?an -j pi]? ]?on Se hiin mete
unbeji jepunian nelle. :•
.XIII. Lsecebom pi]? majan fppmje. :•
.Xllli. Lsecebom pi"S ealliim majan untjmmneppum. :• .XV. Lsecebom pi]? ]?8e]- majan fpjiinje ]?onne ]?ujih
luu)? bitejie h]i?ecS o]?}?('^ bealcet o]?]?e Mm on }?am
LEECH BOOK. U. 159
Book II.
Book n.
i. These leechdoms belong to all disorders of the Contents. inwards.
ii. Leechdoms for sore of the maw, in all ten, and if the maw be distended, and what the patient shall eat in that disorder.
iii. Leechdoms for swelling and sore of the maw, how one must let him, the patient, blood.
iv. Leechdoms for hard swelling of the maw, and smearings, or unguent'^, and what the patients diet shall be.
V. Leechdoms for puffing up of the maw, and what the 'patient shall partake of in this disorder.
vi. Leechdoms for want of appetite and for nausea, which Cometh of the maw, and what the patient shall eat ; four crafts, or skilful recipes.
vii. Leechdoms for deadened maw, and if it have bad lymph, and tokens of deadened maw, how that digests not, which it eateth ; six leechdoms.
viii. Leechdoms for sore and want of appetite of the maw, which may be cured neither with meat nor drink, and suffereth bitter risings in the throat ; four receipts.
ix. Leechdoms for an inward wound of the maw
X. A leechdom for nausea, and to heat an infirm maw.
xi, A leechdom for windy inflation of the maw, and for puffing up.
xii. A leechdom for spewing, and in case that a 'mans meat will not keep down.
xiii. A leechdom for flux of the maw.
xiv. A leechdom for all infirmities of the maw.
XV. A leechdom for imtation of the maw when there is a bitter heart burn in the mouth, or there is belching.
IGO LMCE BOC.
majan ye mete abit-e]iai5 -j ]'yje])^ ^ Im fio ablafmnj; |?a?j' inajaii cyin5 oj: ])am blacuin ODiuin.
.XVI. La^ceboma]' -j taen Jnej- batan omihtan majan unjemer psej'ta "j ]?sey unjefceabbce cealban majan taen hu ]'e hata omihta ma^a unjemet ]?ujilt -j fpol l^jiopaS 'j nea)ionej'j'e *j jefpojunja "j jemobep tpeonunje unluf- je pla3tta • -j bii iSone cealban majan unjebc- bce metta]' lyfte • Ifecebomaf to bosm micle -j e]?ele • fbl. 59 ]>. ^ ]jQ lattjie meltunje fumpia metta.
.XVII. L;ececpa?}:ta]" be bppe mipSenbce jecynbo -j .•ibliim -j liu bio on ])Si fpiSpan iiban apeneb bi|> o]> ^ ]7one nufeo]?an • -j bu bio bi]> ptplieppebu • -j bii bio ip blobep timl)ep 'j bup -j jjte pex ];m;i; pypceap lipeji- pcBjice "j lacnunj J^ajia ealjia "j fpeotol tacn ]?a]ia ealjia ;^e be micjean ^e be unlufce • je be bip Inpe • -j (/j^jiiim manejum tacnnm.
.XVIII. LfBcap laepaS ]?ipne kecebom pip* bpjie fpyk' ^j ajninbeneppe. :•
.XVIIII. Lssceap fecjea]; ]?ap tacn be afpollenjie ^ jepunbabpe bppe • 'j Ifecebomaf pr5 ]?on • 'j be ]ja3jie bpjie beajibunge.
.XX. Lsecap lfepa'5 jnj- pi]? )>Depe bppe punbe ]?onne pe fpyle je pypmp tobyjift.
.XXI. LfBcebomap "j tacn abeapbobjie bppe • ^ ablaj'- enju' on manijpealbe pifan je on ]>am Ineppum je on pam upejuim je on ]?am pibneniira je on ])am liolcum ])m\\e bpjie.
.XXII. Lfecebomaj' yij) jTOjie jepelan" lieajibneppe ];repe fol. coa. lipjie 'j ]-ealpa -j j^yptbjiencaf o]?]?e jip bio tobyjifu -j
nipeji J,e]nz oS'Se upaftihtS o];]'e to Lanjfiim ]>y]iS I'lo iinjefele abeajibnn^ ];a^pe bpjie ;
' The text has j-use'S. j llie full text we cannot alter to
- As the same reading occurs in | unj;e|elfln.
LEFX'Tr ]]ooK. rr. 161
or if the meat turns bitter in the maw and lie hie- Uook II. kets, and liow the upblowing of the maw Cometh of Contents. black bile.
xvi. Leechdoms and tokens of the hot inflamed maw, immeasurably fast, and not to he moved, and of the unreasonably cold maw ; tokens how the hot inflamed maw suffers infinite thirst, and swealing heat, and op- pression, and swoonings, and vacillation of the mind, loss of appetite or nausea ; and how variety of meats pleases the cold maw ; leechdoms for both, mickle and noble ; and of the late digestion of some meats.
xvii. Leech crafts of the various nature and disorders of the liver, and how it is extended on the right side as far as the pit of the belly, and how it is five lobed, and how it is the material and home of blood ; and that six things work acute pain in the liver, and the cure of all these, and a plain token of them all, either by the urine, or by loss of appetite, or by tJie mans complexion, and l^y many other tokens.
xviii. Leeches teach this leechdom for swelling and puffing up of the liver.
xix. Leeches speak of these tokens of a swollen and wounded liver; and leechdoms for that; and of harden- ing of the liver.
XX. Leeches teach this for wound of the liver, when the swelling or matter bursteth forth.
xxi. Leechdoms and tokens of a hardened and })uffed up liver in manifold wise, either in the lobes, or in the margins, or in the membranes, or in the hollows, of the liver.
xxii. Leechdoms for the sense of hardness of the liver, and salves, and wort drinks, or if it burst and descend downwards or mounteth up upwards,^ or if the insensibility and hardness of the liver become too prolonged.
' All the viscera were supposed to get out of place. VOL. 11. L
102 L^CE BOC.
.XXIII. Lsecebomaf hyvet him fie to popjanne on
lipep able hpaet him fie co healbanne je on Isecebo-
\/ mum je on mete • -j tacn ]3 ]^e fpile J^pinan ne msej
ne utypnan on J^repe hppe. :•
.xxiiii. Lsecebomaf -j pyptbjiencaf pij? eallum hpeji psepcum ealjia ]7peotyne "j pj: Lfep peaxe,
.xxv. Lsecap eac be eallum pambe coj^um 'j abltim fpeocol tacn funbon -j Isecebomap 'j hu mon ]?a yj:elan pa3tan j)fepe pambe lacnian fcyle -j ];onne abl to )?fepe pambe pile pop j^sepe yjrelan omihtan psetan cneop hatiaS^ lenbenu hepejiaS yapiaS Jmjia lenbena lipan • tojeotep betpeox fculb]ium utjonj jemenjeb.
.XXVI. Lijecebomaf ^ip fio pamb punb biS hu f mon onjitan ma^je -j jelacnian • v. cpseptaf. :•
.XXVII. La3ceboma]' be pambe mipSenlicpc jecynbo o];J>e mijfbypbo hu p mon ma35e onjitan "j jelacman -j be pambe hattpe jecynbo • -j be cealbjie -j psetpe fol. GOb. jecynbo -j be hattjie "j bpijjie jecynbo -j f h?emeb ]>n\^
ne buje • J^yppum lichoman -j ne fcejjej; hatum ne palatum • feopon cpa3ptap -j ^^te hsemeb j^mj fpiSoft e^laS ]?am Se hopn able habbaS. :•
. XXVIII. Laecebomaf pi]? J?on j?e monnej- f upe]ipe hjup fie ;5epylleb pi^ ypelpe paetan "j be ptnbijpe pambe.
.xxviiii. Lsecebomaf pi}? ]jon pe mete untela mylte •j cijijie on pule -j yple pastan o]?]?e pcittan. :•
' Read healria'S ? but hacia'S is in i 2 JJe^^J cosetcep from the full the full text. tost.
LEECH BOOK. IT. 163
xxiii. Leechdoms, telling what the sick man hath Book 11. to forego in hver disorder, what he hath to hold by, Contents. either in leechdoms or in meat, and tokens that the swelling may not dwindle nor run off in the liver.
xxiv. Leechdoms and wort drinks for all liver pains, thirteen in all, and if the liver wax.
XXV. Leeches also have found a plain token for all wamb ' diseases and disorders, and leechdoms, and how a man shall treat the evil humours of the wamb, and when disease will be at the wamb, for the evil in- flammatory humours ; the knees " are hot,'' the loins are lieavy, the sinews of the loins are sore, there are spasms between the shoulders, the discharge is of a mixed nature.
xxvi. Leechdoms if the wamb be wounded, and how a man may understand that, and lioiv cure it ; five crafts or receii^ts.
xxvii. Leechdoms regarding the various nature and misbehaviour of the wamb, how a man may under- stand and how treat that, and of the hot nature of the wamb: and of its cold and moist nature, and of its hot and dry nature,^ and how the congressus sexuum is not holesome for a dry body, and how it scatheth not a hot nor a wet one : seven crafts : and that swiving most severely hurteth them who have the disease of foul humours.
xxviii. Leechdoms in case that the upper part of the belly of a man be filled with evil humour, and of the windy wamb.
xxix. Leechdoms in case that meat digest not well, and turn to foul and evil humour or feeces.
' The maw is the organ of di- gestion, the stomach ; the wamb is the venter, -whatever that may mean.
3 The " hot and cold, wet and " dry " theory was an attempt of
the " rationalis disciplina " of the Hellenes to arrive at scientific generalizations ; it is traceable among the works attributed to Hip- pokrates and in Aristoteles.
l2
16-i L^.CE BOC.
.XXX. Lfecebomaf jij: ]m jnlle ]3 ]nn pamb fie fimle jefimh -j be co'Se 'j fape be pambe co\Se -j mne- }:ajuiu lajie -j to pambe jemetlictinje fyxtyne cptep- taS. :•
.XXXI. Lseceboma]- "j taenuiij on J;am poppe -j fmcel ]>ea]\me 'j on utjoiije hu liie JjjiopiaiS opma^'cne }>upfc • •j unlult . -j be hiopa hipe -j ]?am naj:olan -j jisejpeofan -j bsec ];ea]iine -^ nipefeo}?an --j mike' pcape -j bu un- Irecaj- penaS p •]' lie