Google Patentsopen access

Multi-blockchain digital transaction information segregation system — Paypal, Inc. (US12250294B2)

ABSTRACT

Abstract

The systems and methods of the multi-blockchain transaction information segregation system of the present disclosure receive a first digital transaction, which includes first digital transaction information and second digital transaction information, through a network via broadcast by a first transaction device. A primary blockchain address provided on a primary blockchain is then identified in the first digital transaction, and a primary blockchain smart contract that is stored on the primary blockchain in association with the primary blockchain address is accessed. The primary blockchain smart contract is then executed to cause the first digital transaction information to be stored on the primary blockchain, and the second digital transaction information to be stored on a secondary blockchain that is separate from the primary blockchain. In a specific example, the first digital transaction information identifies a physical property, and the second digital transaction information identifies a purchase price of the physical property.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/327,097, filed on May 21, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/110,771, filed on Aug. 23, 2018, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure generally relates to blockchains, and more particularly to segregating digital transaction information using multiple blockchains.

Related Art

More and more consumers are participating in transactions over electronic networks such as, for example, the Internet. For example, consumers routinely purchase products and services from merchants and individuals alike. The transactions may take place directly between a conventional or on-line merchant or retailer and the consumer, and payment is typically made by entering credit card or other financial information. Such digital transactions may also take place with the aid of an on-line or mobile payment service provider such as, for example, PayPal, Inc. of San Jose, CA Payment service providers can make transactions easier and safer for the parties involved. Performing transactions with the assistance of a payment service provider from the convenience of virtually anywhere using a mobile device is one main reason why the number of on-line/mobile transactions is growing very quickly.

A growing area of digital transactions has been enabled by blockchain technology, which allows parties to participate in digital blockchain-based transactions with each other via a distributed network of computing devices that validate the digital transactions, and that may be centralized (e.g., controlled by one or more cooperating entities), or decentralized (e.g., controlled by non-cooperating entities). However, conventional blockchain systems suffer from a number of issues. For example, digital transactions performed on a conventional blockchain system result in all of the digital transaction information associated with those digital transactions being stored on that blockchain in a public manner. As such, the size of blockchains utilized in blockchain systems grows relatively quickly, with the blockchain publicizing digital transaction information that participants may wish to keep private, or including digital transaction information that is not relevant to most parties utilizing the blockchain system. Solutions to these issues include reducing the amount of digital transaction information included in digital transaction and/or stored on the blockchain. However, such solutions provide for limited digital transactions, and may prevent the storage and retrieval of information that is valuable to at least some parties utilizing the blockchain system.

Thus, there is a need for an improved blockchain system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for segregating digital transaction information using multiple blockchains;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of an electronic coin, token, or cryptocurrency;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a blockchain;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a network including miner devices for multiple blockchains;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a primary blockchain;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of the primary blockchain of FIG. 5 , along with a secondary blockchain;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of the primary blockchain and the secondary blockchain of FIG. 6 , along with a tertiary blockchain;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of the primary blockchain and the secondary blockchain of FIG. 6 , along with a tertiary blockchain;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a networked system;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a user device; and

FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a computer system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages are best understood by referring to the detailed description that follows. It should be appreciated that like reference numerals are used to identify like elements illustrated in one or more of the figures, wherein showings therein are for purposes of illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure and not for purposes of limiting the same.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for utilizing multiple blockchains to segregate digital transaction information included in any particular digital transaction. This may be accomplished, at least in part, by providing a primary blockchain smart contract in association with a primary blockchain address included in a primary blockchain, with that primary blockchain smart contract configured to cause different digital transaction information included in digital transactions directed to that primary blockchain address to be stored on the primary blockchain, a secondary blockchain, a tertiary blockchain, and/or other blockchains that may be provided as part of the system. As such, digital transactions that include digital transaction information may be broadcast by transaction devices and received by primary blockchain miner devices that maintain the primary blockchain. The primary blockchain miner devices may then identify that the digital transactions are directed to the primary blockchain address associated with the primary blockchain smart contract. In response, the primary miner devices access and execute the primary blockchain smart contract to cause a first subset of the digital transaction information to be stored on the primary blockchain, a second subset of the digital transaction information to be stored on the secondary blockchain, and so on. As such, any digital transactions directed to the primary blockchain address will have subsets of their digital transaction information stored on different blockchains, segregating that digital transaction information.

The segregated digital transaction information may then be access controlled. For example, the storage of the second subset of digital transaction information on the secondary blockchain may cause the generation, allocation, and/or other provisioning of a secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency. That secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof) may be provided to devices that wish to access the second subset of digital transaction information (e.g., by sending the secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency to the secondary blockchain address with which the second subset of digital transaction information is associated with in the secondary blockchain). In some examples, the second subset of digital transaction information included in the digital transactions that are initially sent to the primary blockchain may be encrypted, with the secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof) utilized to decrypt that second subset of digital transaction information (when it is stored on the secondary blockchain) as well. As such, secondary blockchain miner devices that maintain the secondary blockchain may receive a subsequent transaction that includes the secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof) and that is directed to a secondary blockchain address that is associated with the second subset of digital transaction information. In response, the secondary blockchain miner devices provide the second subset of digital transaction information to the device that transmitted that secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof).

One of the many specific examples of the segregation of digital transaction information using the systems and methods of the present disclosure includes providing the primary blockchain discussed above as a “physical property” blockchain that tracks the ownership of physical property (e.g., real estate), the secondary blockchain discussed above as a “purchase price” blockchain that tracks the purchase prices paid for the physical property (e.g., real estate) tracked on the physical property blockchain, and the tertiary blockchain discussed above as an “easement” blockchain that tracks easements associated with the physical property (e.g., real estate) tracked on the physical property blockchain.

In such an example, a physical property digital transaction may be performed using the physical property blockchain (e.g., by an owner of a physical property using a transaction device to broadcast the physical property digital transaction to the physical property blockchain miner devices that maintain the physical property blockchain), and may include physical property digital transaction information that provides for the transfer of a physical property whose ownership is tracked via the physical property blockchain, purchase price digital transaction information that details the price paid for the purchase of the physical property, and easement digital transaction information that details usage limitations associated with the physical property.

Furthermore, the purchase price digital transaction information may be encrypted or otherwise not viewable. When the physical property digital transaction is directed to a physical property blockchain address associated with a smart contract according to the teachings of the present disclosure, the execution of the smart contract may cause the physical property digital transaction information to be stored on the physical property blockchain, the purchase price digital transaction information to be stored on the purchase price blockchain, and easement digital transaction information to be stored on the easement blockchain. As such, information on the physical property blockchain, the purchase price blockchain, and the easement blockchain may be segregated and access controlled (and in the case of the purchase price digital transaction information, decrypted), as discussed herein.

In another specific example of the segregation of digital transaction information using the systems and methods of the present disclosure, online purchase digital transactions may have their digital transaction information segregated via the primary blockchain discussed above as a “cryptocurrency” blockchain that tracks the ownership of cryptocurrency (e.g., used to make the online purchase), the secondary blockchain discussed above as a “item details” blockchain that details the items purchased via the cryptocurrency transfer tracked on the cryptocurrency blockchain, and the tertiary blockchain discussed above as a “payment processor details” blockchain that tracks details the payment processor used to make the online purchase via the cryptocurrency transfer tracked on the cryptocurrency blockchain.

In such an example, a cryptocurrency digital transaction may be performed using the cryptocurrency blockchain (e.g., by an owner of a cryptocurrency using a transaction device to broadcast the cryptocurrency digital transaction to the cryptocurrency blockchain miner devices that maintain the cryptocurrency blockchain). The cryptocurrency digital transaction may include cryptocurrency digital transaction information that provides for the transfer of a cryptocurrency whose ownership is tracked via the cryptocurrency blockchain, item details digital transaction information that details the items paid for via the transfer of the cryptocurrency, and payment processor digital transaction information that details the payment processor utilized in purchasing the items using the cryptocurrency.

Furthermore, the item details digital transaction information may be encrypted or otherwise not viewable. When the cryptocurrency digital transaction is directed to a cryptocurrency blockchain address associated with a smart contract according to the teachings of the present disclosure, the execution of the smart contract may cause the cryptocurrency digital transaction information to be stored on the cryptocurrency blockchain, the item details digital transaction information to be stored on the item details blockchain, and payment processor digital transaction information to be stored on the payment processor details blockchain. As such, information on the cryptocurrency blockchain, the item details blockchain, and the payment processor details blockchain may be segregated and access controlled (and in the case of the item details digital transaction information, decrypted), as discussed herein. However, while specific examples are provided herein, one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the segregation and access controller of any of a variety of digital transaction information in a similar manner will fall within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , a method 100 for segregating digital transaction information using multiple blockchains is illustrated. In some embodiments of the method 100 described below, one or more miner devices may operate to perform or enable the method 100 . In various embodiments, any or all of the blockchains provided according to the teachings of the present disclosure may be centralized or decentralized. For example, a centralized blockchain may be maintained by a one or more miner devices controlled by a single entity, or a plurality of miner devices controlled by a plurality of entitles (e.g., a consortium of entities that utilize the systems and methods of the present disclosure). In another example, a decentralized blockchain may be maintained by a plurality of miner devices, subsets of which are controlled by different entities. Furthermore, in some embodiments, some blockchains utilized by the systems and methods of the present disclosure may be decentralized (e.g., the primary blockchains discussed below), while other blockchains utilized by the systems and methods of the present disclosure may be centralized (e.g., the secondary, tertiary, and/or other blockchains discussed herein).

In a specific example, a distributed group of miner devices may operate to maintain the blockchains discussed below by creating (a.k.a., “mining”) a cryptocurrency, processing transactions involving the cryptocurrency, and/or otherwise performing actions that produce the blocks utilized in the blockchains in the method 100 as detailed herein. In a specific example, a payment service provider such as, for example, PayPal, Inc. of San Jose, CA, may utilize a payment service provider device to perform the method 100 discussed herein (e.g., to maintain a centralized blockchain as discussed herein), and in some embodiments may operate in cooperation with one or more other system pr

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/327,097, filed on May 21, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/110,771, filed on Aug. 23, 2018, the disclosures of which are herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure generally relates to blockchains, and more particularly to segregating digital transaction information using multiple blockchains.

Related Art

More and more consumers are participating in transactions over electronic networks such as, for example, the Internet. For example, consumers routinely purchase products and services from merchants and individuals alike. The transactions may take place directly between a conventional or on-line merchant or retailer and the consumer, and payment is typically made by entering credit card or other financial information. Such digital transactions may also take place with the aid of an on-line or mobile payment service provider such as, for example, PayPal, Inc. of San Jose, CA Payment service providers can make transactions easier and safer for the parties involved. Performing transactions with the assistance of a payment service provider from the convenience of virtually anywhere using a mobile device is one main reason why the number of on-line/mobile transactions is growing very quickly.

A growing area of digital transactions has been enabled by blockchain technology, which allows parties to participate in digital blockchain-based transactions with each other via a distributed network of computing devices that validate the digital transactions, and that may be centralized (e.g., controlled by one or more cooperating entities), or decentralized (e.g., controlled by non-cooperating entities). However, conventional blockchain systems suffer from a number of issues. For example, digital transactions performed on a conventional blockchain system result in all of the digital transaction information associated with those digital transactions being stored on that blockchain in a public manner. As such, the size of blockchains utilized in blockchain systems grows relatively quickly, with the blockchain publicizing digital transaction information that participants may wish to keep private, or including digital transaction information that is not relevant to most parties utilizing the blockchain system. Solutions to these issues include reducing the amount of digital transaction information included in digital transaction and/or stored on the blockchain. However, such solutions provide for limited digital transactions, and may prevent the storage and retrieval of information that is valuable to at least some parties utilizing the blockchain system.

Thus, there is a need for an improved blockchain system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for segregating digital transaction information using multiple blockchains;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of an electronic coin, token, or cryptocurrency;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a blockchain;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a network including miner devices for multiple blockchains;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a primary blockchain;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of the primary blockchain of FIG. 5 , along with a secondary blockchain;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of the primary blockchain and the secondary blockchain of FIG. 6 , along with a tertiary blockchain;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of the primary blockchain and the secondary blockchain of FIG. 6 , along with a tertiary blockchain;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a networked system;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a user device; and

FIG. 11 is a schematic view illustrating an embodiment of a computer system.

Embodiments of the present disclosure and their advantages are best understood by referring to the detailed description that follows. It should be appreciated that like reference numerals are used to identify like elements illustrated in one or more of the figures, wherein showings therein are for purposes of illustrating embodiments of the present disclosure and not for purposes of limiting the same.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide systems and methods for utilizing multiple blockchains to segregate digital transaction information included in any particular digital transaction. This may be accomplished, at least in part, by providing a primary blockchain smart contract in association with a primary blockchain address included in a primary blockchain, with that primary blockchain smart contract configured to cause different digital transaction information included in digital transactions directed to that primary blockchain address to be stored on the primary blockchain, a secondary blockchain, a tertiary blockchain, and/or other blockchains that may be provided as part of the system. As such, digital transactions that include digital transaction information may be broadcast by transaction devices and received by primary blockchain miner devices that maintain the primary blockchain. The primary blockchain miner devices may then identify that the digital transactions are directed to the primary blockchain address associated with the primary blockchain smart contract. In response, the primary miner devices access and execute the primary blockchain smart contract to cause a first subset of the digital transaction information to be stored on the primary blockchain, a second subset of the digital transaction information to be stored on the secondary blockchain, and so on. As such, any digital transactions directed to the primary blockchain address will have subsets of their digital transaction information stored on different blockchains, segregating that digital transaction information.

The segregated digital transaction information may then be access controlled. For example, the storage of the second subset of digital transaction information on the secondary blockchain may cause the generation, allocation, and/or other provisioning of a secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency. That secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof) may be provided to devices that wish to access the second subset of digital transaction information (e.g., by sending the secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency to the secondary blockchain address with which the second subset of digital transaction information is associated with in the secondary blockchain). In some examples, the second subset of digital transaction information included in the digital transactions that are initially sent to the primary blockchain may be encrypted, with the secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof) utilized to decrypt that second subset of digital transaction information (when it is stored on the secondary blockchain) as well. As such, secondary blockchain miner devices that maintain the secondary blockchain may receive a subsequent transaction that includes the secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof) and that is directed to a secondary blockchain address that is associated with the second subset of digital transaction information. In response, the secondary blockchain miner devices provide the second subset of digital transaction information to the device that transmitted that secondary blockchain access token or cryptocurrency (or a portion thereof).

One of the many specific examples of the segregation of digital transaction information using the systems and methods of the present disclosure includes providing the primary blockchain discussed above as a “physical property” blockchain that tracks the ownership of physical property (e.g., real estate), the secondary blockchain discussed above as a “purchase price” blockchain that tracks the purchase prices paid for the physical property (e.g., real estate) tracked on the physical property blockchain, and the tertiary blockchain discussed above as an “easement” blockchain that tracks easements associated with the physical property (e.g., real estate) tracked on the physical property blockchain.

In such an example, a physical property digital transaction may be performed using the physical property blockchain (e.g., by an owner of a physical property using a transaction device to broadcast the physical property digital transaction to the physical property blockchain miner devices that maintain the physical property blockchain), and may include physical property digital transaction information that provides for the transfer of a physical property whose ownership is tracked via the physical property blockchain, purchase price digital transaction information that details the price paid for the purchase of the physical property, and easement digital transaction information that details usage limitations associated with the physical property.

Furthermore, the purchase price digital transaction information may be encrypted or otherwise not viewable. When the physical property digital transaction is directed to a physical property blockchain address associated with a smart contract according to the teachings of the present disclosure, the execution of the smart contract may cause the physical property digital transaction information to be stored on the physical property blockchain, the purchase price digital transaction information to be stored on the purchase price blockchain, and easement digital transaction information to be stored on the easement blockchain. As such, information on the physical property blockchain, the purchase price blockchain, and the easement blockchain may be segregated and access controlled (and in the case of the purchase price digital transaction information, decrypted), as discussed herein.

In another specific example of the segregation of digital transaction information using the systems and methods of the present disclosure, online purchase digital transactions may have their digital transaction information segregated via the primary blockchain discussed above as a “cryptocurrency” blockchain that tracks the ownership of cryptocurrency (e.g., used to make the online purchase), the secondary blockchain discussed above as a “item details” blockchain that details the items purchased via the cryptocurrency transfer tracked on the cryptocurrency blockchain, and the tertiary blockchain discussed above as a “payment processor details” blockchain that tracks details the payment processor used to make the online purchase via the cryptocurrency transfer tracked on the cryptocurrency blockchain.

In such an example, a cryptocurrency digital transaction may be performed using the cryptocurrency blockchain (e.g., by an owner of a cryptocurrency using a transaction device to broadcast the cryptocurrency digital transaction to the cryptocurrency blockchain miner devices that maintain the cryptocurrency blockchain). The cryptocurrency digital transaction may include cryptocurrency digital transaction information that provides for the transfer of a cryptocurrency whose ownership is tracked via the cryptocurrency blockchain, item details digital transaction information that details the items paid for via the transfer of the cryptocurrency, and payment processor digital transaction information that details the payment processor utilized in purchasing the items using the cryptocurrency.

Furthermore, the item details digital transaction information may be encrypted or otherwise not viewable. When the cryptocurrency digital transaction is directed to a cryptocurrency blockchain address associated with a smart contract according to the teachings of the present disclosure, the execution of the smart contract may cause the cryptocurrency digital transaction information to be stored on the cryptocurrency blockchain, the item details digital transaction information to be stored on the item details blockchain, and payment processor digital transaction information to be stored on the payment processor details blockchain. As such, information on the cryptocurrency blockchain, the item details blockchain, and the payment processor details blockchain may be segregated and access controlled (and in the case of the item details digital transaction information, decrypted), as discussed herein. However, while specific examples are provided herein, one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the segregation and access controller of any of a variety of digital transaction information in a similar manner will fall within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

Referring now to FIG. 1 , a method 100 for segregating digital transaction information using multiple blockchains is illustrated. In some embodiments of the method 100 described below, one or more miner devices may operate to perform or enable the method 100 . In various embodiments, any or all of the blockchains provided according to the teachings of the present disclosure may be centralized or decentralized. For example, a centralized blockchain may be maintained by a one or more miner devices controlled by a single entity, or a plurality of miner devices controlled by a plurality of entitles (e.g., a consortium of entities that utilize the systems and methods of the present disclosure). In another example, a decentralized blockchain may be maintained by a plurality of miner devices, subsets of which are controlled by different entities. Furthermore, in some embodiments, some blockchains utilized by the systems and methods of the present disclosure may be decentralized (e.g., the primary blockchains discussed below), while other blockchains utilized by the systems and methods of the present disclosure may be centralized (e.g., the secondary, tertiary, and/or other blockchains discussed herein).

In a specific example, a distributed group of miner devices may operate to maintain the blockchains discussed below by creating (a.k.a., “mining”) a cryptocurrency, processing transactions involving the cryptocurrency, and/or otherwise performing actions that produce the blocks utilized in the blockchains in the method 100 as detailed herein. In a specific example, a payment service provider such as, for example, PayPal, Inc. of San Jose, CA, may utilize a payment service provider device to perform the method 100 discussed herein (e.g., to maintain a centralized blockchain as discussed herein), and in some embodiments may operate in cooperation with one or more other system providers (e.g., a consortium of entities maintaining a centralized blockchain), miner devices, and/or transaction devices, to perform the method 100 discussed herein. However, these embodiments are meant to be merely exemplary, and one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that a wide variety of system providers may operate, alone or together, to provide the systems and methods discussed herein without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 2 , an embodiment of an electronic coin, token, or cryptocurrency 200 is illustrated and described briefly for reference to the blockchains used in the method 100 discussed herein. In those embodiments, a cryptocurrency blockchain system associated with the present disclosure defines an electronic coin, token, or cryptocurrency (“electronic coin” below) as a chain of digital signatures provided by previous owners of the electronic coin to subsequent owners of the electronic coin. In the illustrated embodiment, the electronic coin 200 is owned by an owner 202 , and FIG. 2 illustrates how the electronic coin 200 is defined by the digital signatures of the

previous owners

204 , 206 , and 208 . Specifically, in transaction A, a hash of the public key of owner 206 (i.e., the owner receiving, as a result of transaction A, an electronic coin 200 1 defined by digital signatures provided up to transaction A) and the previous transaction (not illustrated, but occurring prior to transaction A) was signed by owner 208 (i.e., the owner providing, as a result of transaction A, the electronic coin 200 1 defined by digital signatures provided up to transaction A) and added to an initial electronic coin (which was defined by digital signatures provided up to the transaction prior to transaction A) such that the electronic coin 200 1 was transferred to owner 206 .

Similarly, in transaction B, a hash of the public key of owner 204 (i.e., the owner receiving, as a result of transaction B, an electronic coin 200 2 defined by digital signatures provided up to transaction B) and transaction A was signed by owner 206 and added to the electronic coin 200 1 such that the electronic coin 200 2 was transferred to owner 204 . Similarly, in transaction C, a hash of the public key of owner 202 (i.e., the owner receiving, as a result of transaction C, the electronic coin 200 defined by digital signatures provided up to transaction C) and the transaction B was signed by owner 204 and added to the electronic coin 200 2 such that the electronic coin 200 was transferred to owner 202 . As is understood in the art, any payee receiving an electronic coin (e.g., owner 206 in transaction A, owner 204 in transaction B, and owner 202 in transaction C) can verify the signatures to verify the chain of ownership of the electronic coin. In the discussion below, it should be understood that the term “electronic coins”, “tokens”, and/or “cryptocurrency” is used to encompass any amount of electronic coins, tokens, or cryptocurrency, and in the embodiments discussed herein may include small fractions of a coin, token, or cryptocurrency (e.g., 0.00000001 coins, tokens, or cryptocurrency).

Referring now to FIG. 3 , an embodiment of a cryptocurrency blockchain 300 is illustrated and described briefly for reference to the blockchains used in the embodiments of the method 100 discussed herein. Conventionally, the cryptocurrency blockchain 300 operates to verify that payers transferring an electronic coin, token, or cryptocurrency (e.g., referring back to FIG. 2 , owner 206 in transaction A, owner 204 in transaction B, and owner 202 in transaction C) did not “double-spend” (e.g., sign any previous transactions involving) that electronic coin, token, or cryptocurrency. To produce the cryptocurrency blockchain 300 , a distributed network of miner devices operates to agree on a single history of transactions in the order in which they were received such that it may be determined that a transaction between a payer and a payee using an electronic coin is the first transaction associated with that electronic coin. Each device in the distributed network operates to collect new transactions into a block, and then to increment a proof-of work system that includes determining a value that when hashed with the block provides a required number of zero bits.

For example, for a block 302 that includes a plurality of transactions

302 a , 302 b , and up to 302 c , a miner device in the distributed network may increment a nonce in the block 302 until a value is found that gives a hash of the block 302 the required number of zero bits. The miner device may then “chain” the block 302 to the previous block 304 (which may have been “chained” to a previous block, not illustrated, in the same manner). When miner devices in the distributed network find the proof-of-work for a block, that block (e.g., block 302 ) is broadcast to the distributed network, and other miner devices in the distributed network will accept that block if all the transactions in it are valid and not already spent (which may be determined by creating the next block using the hash of the accepted block 302 ). The distributed network will consider the longest chain of blocks to be the correct one, and will operate to continue to extend it to generate the blockchain. If a miner device receives two different versions of a block, it will work on the first block received, but save the second block received in case the branch of the blockchain that includes the second block becomes longer (at which point that miner device with switch to working on the branch of the chain that includes the second block).

One of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will understand that the blockchain 300 operates to track, among other things, the associations of electronic coins, tokens, and/or cryptocurrency with blockchain addresses included on the blockchain. Furthermore, one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that blockchain addresses may also be associated with smart contracts that may be stored on that blockchain, and executed by miner devices when transactions are directed to their respective blockchain addresses. As would be understood by one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure, smart contracts may be provided by self-executing code with the terms of the agreement between the parties directly written into lines of the code. The code and the agreements contained therein may be stored across a distributed, centralized/decentralized blockchain network, which allows the smart contracts to digitally facilitate, verify, or enforce the negotiation or performance of a contract, while rendering transactions traceable, transparent, and irreversible. The smart contracts of the present disclosure may be implemented using various smart contract development languages, using chaincode, and/or via a variety of smart contract provisioning techniques that will fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

In the systems and methods of the present disclosure, one or more smart contracts may be provided on one or more blockchains (in association with blockchain addresses on those blockchains) by creating a transaction that is directed to a blockchain address included on any particular blockchain, with the transaction including the code that provides the smart contract. As such, prior to the method 100 , a system provider device may create such transaction(s) to provide the smart contract(s) discussed herein on the blockchain(s) and in association with blockchain addresses included on those blockchains.

Referring now to FIG. 4 , an embodiment of a multi-blockchain digital transaction information segregation system 400 is illustrated. One of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 has been simplified such that the system 400 only provides for two different blockchains. However, as discussed herein, any number of blockchains may be provided by blockchain miner devices in a manner similar to that described with reference to FIG. 4 , and such multi-blockchain systems will fall within the scope of the present disclosure as well. The multi-blockchain digital transaction information segregation system 400 includes a plurality of primary blockchain miner devices such as, for example, the primary blockchain miner devices 402 a , 402 b , 402 c , and up to 402 d , each of which may be configured to maintain a primary blockchain as described herein. The primary blockchain miner devices 402 a - d may be coupled to each other directly and/or via a network 404 such as, for example, the Internet. As discussed above, the primary blockchain maintained by the primary blockchain miner devices 402 a - d may be a decentralized blockchain, with subsets of the primary blockchain miner devices controlled by different entities. In a specific example, the primary blockchain miner devices 402 a - d may operate to maintain the Etherum blockchain, although other blockchains will fall within the scope of the present disclosure as well.

The multi-blockchain digital transaction information segregation system 400 also includes a plurality of secondary blockchain miner devices such as, for example, the secondary blockchain miner devices 406 a , 406 b , 406 c , and up to 406 d , each of which may be configured to maintain a secondary blockchain as described herein. The secondary blockchain miner devices 406 a - d may be coupled to each other directly and/or via the network 406 as well. As such, the primary blockchain miner devices 402 a - d and the secondary blockchain miner devices 406 a - d are coupled to each other through the network 404 . As discussed herein, the secondary blockchain maintained by the secondary blockchain miner devices 406 a - d may be a centralized blockchain, with the secondary blockchain miner devices controlled by a single entity, or a group of entities that are part of a consortium. In such examples, particular secondary miner device(s) (referred to as “queen nodes” below) may be designated for controlling access to information stored on the secondary blockchain.

Referring now to FIG. 5 , an embodiment of a portion of a primary blockchain 500 is illustrated that includes primary blockchain blocks 502 , 504 , 506 , 508 , 510 , and 512 , and one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the primary blockchain 500 includes many addition blocks, and may have blocks continuously added to it as described herein with reference to the blockchain 300 . Furthermore, as described herein, the primary blockchain blocks in the primary blockchain 500 may provide for the storage of the smart contracts discussed herein, with may be added to the primary blockchain 500 by a system provider via a primary blockchain transaction that is added to any of the primary blockchain blocks in the primary blockchain 500 .

Referring now to FIG. 6 , an embodiment of a portion of a secondary blockchain 600 is illustrated that includes secondary blockchain blocks 602 , 604 , 606 , and 608 , and one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the secondary blockchain 600 includes many additional blocks, and may have blocks continuously added to it as described above with reference to the blockchain 300 . Furthermore, as described herein, the secondary blockchain blocks in the secondary blockchain 600 may provide for the storage of the smart contracts discussed herein, with may be added to the secondary blockchain 600 by a system provider via a secondary blockchain transaction that is added to any of the secondary blockchain blocks in the secondary blockchain 600 . As described below, in some embodiments the secondary blockchain 600 may be provided by a “sidechain” that is linked to the primary blockchain 500 . For example, the illustrated embodiment shows how a primary blockchain transaction confirmed in the primary blockchain block 506 of the primary blockchain 500 may generate a secondary blockchain transaction that is confirmed in the secondary blockchain block 604 of the secondary blockchain 600 . Furthermore, as discussed herein, queen nodes may be designated for controlling access to the secondary blockchain 600 , including controlling which digital transactions are added to the secondary blockchain 600 , the retrieval of digital transaction information from the secondary blockchain 600 , and/or providing for other access control that would be apparent to one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 7 , an embodiment of a portion of a tertiary blockchain 700 is illustrated that includes tertiary blockchain blocks 702 , 704 , 706 , and 708 , and one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the tertiary blockchain 700 includes many additional blocks, and may have blocks continuously added to it as described above with reference to the blockchain 300 . Furthermore, as described above, the tertiary blockchain blocks in the tertiary blockchain 700 may provide for the storage of the smart contracts discussed herein, with may be added to the tertiary blockchain 700 by a system provider via a tertiary blockchain transaction that is added to any of the tertiary blockchain blocks in the tertiary blockchain 700 . As described herein, in some embodiments the tertiary blockchain 700 may be provided by a “sidechain” that is linked to the primary blockchain 500 . For example, the illustrated embodiment shows how a primary blockchain transaction confirmed in the primary blockchain block 506 of the primary blockchain 500 may generate a tertiary blockchain transaction that is confirmed in the tertiary blockchain block 704 of the tertiary blockchain 700 . Furthermore, as discussed herein, queen nodes may be designated for controlling access to the tertiary blockchain 700 , including controlling which digital transactions are added to the tertiary blockchain 700 , the retrieval of digital transaction information from the tertiary blockchain 700 , and/or providing for other access control that would be apparent to one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure.

Referring now to FIG. 8 , an embodiment of a portion of a tertiary blockchain 800 is illustrated that includes tertiary blockchain blocks 802 and 804 , and one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that the tertiary blockchain 800 includes many additional blocks, and may have blocks continuously added to it as described above with reference to the blockchain 300 . Furthermore, as described above, the tertiary blockchain blocks in the tertiary blockchain 800 may provide for the storage of the smart contracts discussed above, with may be added to the tertiary blockchain 800 by a system provider via a tertiary blockchain transaction that is added to any of the tertiary blockchain blocks in the tertiary blockchain 800 . As described below, in some embodiments the tertiary blockchain 800 may be provided by a “sidechain” that is linked to the secondary blockchain 600 . For example, the illustrated embodiment shows how a secondary blockchain transaction confirmed in the secondary blockchain block 604 of the secondary blockchain 600 may generate a tertiary blockchain transaction that is confirmed in the tertiary blockchain block 802 of the tertiary blockchain 800 . Furthermore, as discussed above, queen nodes may be designated for controlling access to the tertiary blockchain 800 , including controlling which digital transactions are added to the tertiary blockchain 800 , the retrieval of digital transaction information from the tertiary blockchain 800 , and/or providing for other access control that would be apparent to one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure.

Returning to the method 100 of FIG. 1 , the method 100 begins at block 102 where a transaction device broadcasts a digital transaction that includes digital transaction information to a primary blockchain. In an embodiment, transaction devices that broadcast digital transaction at block 102 may be provided by any computing device that is configured (e.g., via software) to generate and broadcast transactions to the primary blockchain miner devices 402 a - d that maintain the primary blockchain 500 . In conventional blockchain systems, such transaction devices are referred to as “nodes” that are configured with “wallet software” that enables those nodes to broadcast digital cryptocurrency transactions that transfer cryptocurrency from a first blockchain address included on the blockchain to a second blockchain address included on the blockchain, either to provide for a basic cryptocurrency transaction (e.g., as is provided by the Bitcoin network), and/or to provide for the execution of a smart contract (e.g., as is provided by the Ethereum network). As such, the transaction devices of the present disclosure may be provided by nodes that include software that enable those nodes to generate and broadcast transactions for inclusion on the primary blockchain 500 , which may include cryptocurrency transfers, smart contract execution, and/or combinations thereof. Using the specific example above of the physical property blockchain provided as the primary blockchain, transaction devices may be controlled by participants in the system that own physical property by virtue of that ownership being recorded on the physical property blockchain.

As such, at block 102 , the transaction device may generate a digital transaction that includes digital transaction information that describes different details of that digital transaction, and then broadcast that digital transaction to the network 404 such that it is received by the primary blockchain miner devices 402 a - d that maintain the primary blockchain 500 . In different examples, the digital transaction information included in the digital transaction will differ depending on the type or purpose of the digital transaction. For example, using the physical property blockchain examples provided above, the digital transaction information for a physical property transaction may include information that provides for the transfer of physical property from the first user (who currently owns the physical property according to the physical property blockchain) to a second user (who may receive ownership of that physical property via a physical property blockchain address on the physical property blockchain). Furthermore, the digital transaction information for the physical property transaction may include purchase price information that details the price paid for the physical property by the second user to the first user. In some instances, the digital transaction information may include details of a cryptocurrency transaction that provides for the transfer of an amount of cryptocurrency from the second user purchasing the physical property to the first user selling the physical property. Further still, the digital transaction information for the physical property transaction may include information that details easements (or other usage restrictions) associated with the physical property being transferred from the first user to the second user.

In another example, the digital transaction information for an online payment transaction may include information that provides for the transfer of cryptocurrency from a first user (who currently owns the cryptocurrency according to a cryptocurrency blockchain) to a second user (who may receive ownership of that cryptocurrency via a cryptocurrency blockchain address on the cryptocurrency blockchain). Furthermore, the digital transaction information for the online payment transaction may include information that details the item that was purchased from the second user by the first user. Further still, the digital transaction information for the online payment transaction may include information that details a payment processor (e.g., PAYPAL®, APPLE®, GOOGLE®, etc.) and/or payment processor details associated with the online payment transaction. While a few specific examples have been described, one of skill in the art in possession of the present disclosure will recognize that any digital transaction may include any of a variety of associated digital transaction information that will fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

Furthermore, the digital transaction broadcast at block 102 may be directed to a primary blockchain address that, as discussed herein, is associated with a smart contract that provides for the digital transaction information segregation of the present disclosure. As such, in some examples, the digital transaction may identify a first primary blockchain address that is controlled by the counterparty in the digital transaction (e.g., via private keys that verify ownership of the first primary blockchain address, as discussed herein) and that need not be associated with a smart contract, while being directed to a second primary blockchain address that is associated with the smart contract that provides the functionality discussed herein. For example, the digital transaction may be directed to the second primary blockchain address, and may identify the first primary blockchain address in order to allow a primary blockchain transaction (e.g., the physical property ownership transaction or the cryptocurrency transaction discussed below) to be performed with that first primary blockchain address.

However, in other examples, the digital transaction broadcast at block 102 may be both controlled by the counterparty in the digital transaction, and may be associated with the smart contract that provides the functionality discussed herein. As such, in some embodiments, each participant in the system that is to receive a digital transaction with digital transaction information that should be segregated may be provided a primary blockchain address that they control (e.g., via private keys that may be used to digitally sign transactions associated with that primary blockchain address, as discussed above with reference to FIG. 2 ), and that includes a smart contract that provides the digital transaction information segregation detailed herein.

The method 100 then proceeds to block 104 where primary blockchain miner devices receive the digital transaction and identify a primary blockchain address to which that digital transaction is directed. As discussed above with reference to FIG. 3 , transactions broadcast by nodes in a blockchain system may be received by miner devices that maintain the blockchain in that blockchain system, and provided in blocks that are ad

CLAIMS

Claims ( 20 )

What is claimed is:

1. A method, comprising:

receiving, by a first mining device associated with a first blockchain, a communication from a transaction device and directed to a first blockchain address associated with the first blockchain, wherein the communication comprises digital transaction information associated with a digital transaction, wherein the digital transaction information comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the second portion of the digital transaction information is encrypted;

executing, by the first mining device, a smart contract associated with the first blockchain address, wherein the executing the smart contract causes the first mining device to store a first record comprising the first portion of the digital transaction information on the first blockchain and to determine one or more second mining devices associated with a second blockchain for processing the second portion of the digital transaction information, wherein the second blockchain is different from the first blockchain, and wherein the first mining device is not included in the one or more second mining devices; and

communicating, by the first mining device, the second portion of the digital transaction information to the one or more second mining devices to cause the one or more second mining devices associated with the second blockchain to (i) decrypt the second portion of the digital transaction information, (ii) store the decrypted second portion of the digital transaction information in a second record of the second blockchain, and (iii) link the second record in the second blockchain to the first record in the first blockchain.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more second mining devices is determined based on a transaction type of the digital transaction and one or more characteristics of the one or more second mining devices.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital transaction is associated with a product or a service, and wherein the one or more second mining devices is determined based on the product or the service.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

causing the one or more second mining devices to perform mining operations using the second portion of the digital transaction information.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving, from the one or more second mining devices, a second communication that indicates a second blockchain address associated with a block that stores the second record on the second blockchain; and

associating the second blockchain address associated with the second block with the first block that stores the first portion of the digital transaction information on the first blockchain.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first blockchain is associated with a first access level, and wherein the second blockchain is associated with a second access level.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the digital transaction is associated with a product or a service, and wherein the method further comprises:

tracking a chain of transactions associated with the product or the service based on traversing records in the first blockchain.

8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

subsequent to communicating the second portion of the digital transaction information to the one or more second mining devices, storing, by the first mining device, a token associated with the second blockchain, wherein the token enables access to the second portion of the digital transaction information on the second blockchain.

9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:

receiving, from a second transaction device, a request for accessing the digital transaction information associated with the digital transaction;

determining that the request includes a token associated with the second blockchain; and

providing, to the second transaction device, the decrypted second portion of the digital transaction information based on the token.

10. A system, comprising:

a non-transitory memory; and

one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the system to:

receive, by a first mining device associated with a first blockchain, a communication from a transaction device and directed to a first blockchain address associated with the first blockchain, wherein the communication comprises digital transaction information associated with a digital transaction, and wherein the digital transaction is associated with a product or a service, wherein the digital transaction information comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the second portion of the digital transaction information comprises encrypted information associated with the product and the service;

execute, by the first mining device, a smart contract associated with the first blockchain address, wherein executing the smart contract causes the first mining device to store a first record comprising the first portion of the digital transaction information on the first blockchain and to select one or more second mining devices associated with a second blockchain for processing the second portion of the digital transaction information; and

communicate, by the first mining device, the second portion of the digital transaction information to the one or more second mining devices to cause the one or more second mining devices associated with the second blockchain to (i) decrypt the second portion of the digital transaction information, (ii) store the decrypted second portion of the digital transaction information in a second record of the second blockchain, and (iii) link the first record from the first blockchain to the second record from the second blockchain.

11. The system of claim 10 , wherein executing the instructions further causes the system to track a chain of transactions associated with the product or the service based on traversing records in the first blockchain.

12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the digital transaction information is first digital transaction information, and wherein executing the instructions further causes the system to:

receive a second communication from a second transaction device, wherein the second communication comprises second digital transaction information of a second digital transaction that is associated with the product or the service;

access, from the first blockchain, the first record comprising the first digital transaction information; and

communicate a portion of the second digital transaction information to the one or more second mining devices to cause the portion of the second digital transaction information to be stored on the secondary blockchain.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein executing the instructions further causes the system to validate the second digital transaction based on accessing the first record.

14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the first blockchain is associated with a first access level, and wherein the second blockchain is associated with a second access level.

15. The system of claim 10 , wherein executing the instructions further causes the system to:

receive, from a device, a request for accessing the digital transaction information associated with the digital transaction;

determine that the request includes a token associated with the second blockchain; and

provide, to the device, the decrypted second portion of the digital transaction information based on the token.

16. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine associated with a first blockchain to perform operations comprising:

receiving, from a transaction device, a communication directed to a first blockchain address associated with the first blockchain, wherein the communication comprises transaction information associated with a transaction, wherein the transaction is associated with a product or a service, wherein the transaction information comprises a first portion and a second portion, and wherein the second portion of the transaction information is encrypted;

executing a smart contract associated with the first blockchain address, wherein the executing the smart contract causes the machine to store a first record comprising the first portion of the transaction information on the first blockchain and to select one or more mining devices associated with a second blockchain for processing the second portion of the transaction information; and

communicating the second portion of the transaction information to the one or more mining devices to cause the one or more second mining devices associated with the second blockchain to (i) decrypt the second portion of the transaction information, (ii) store the decrypted second portion of the transaction information in a second record of the second blockchain, and (iii) link the second record in the second blockchain to the first record in the first blockchain.

17. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the operations further comprise tracking a chain of transactions associated with the product or the service based on traversing records in the first blockchain.

18. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the transaction information is first transaction information, and wherein the operations further comprise:

receiving a second communication from a second transaction device, wherein the second communication comprises second transaction information associated with the product or the service;

accessing, from the first blockchain, the first record comprising the first transaction information; and

communicating a portion of the second transaction information to the one or more mining devices to cause the portion of the second transaction information to be stored on the second blockchain.

19. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 18 , wherein the operations further comprise validating the second transaction information based on the accessing the first record.

20. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 16 , wherein the first blockchain is associated with a first access level, and wherein the second blockchain is associated with a second access level.

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