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GENEALOGY COLLECTION
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i:i;\si:y coi'xty corRT iiorsio
HISTORY c
OF
GUERNSEY COUNTY
OHIO
By COL. CYRUS P. B. SARCHET
ILLUSTRATED
VOLUME I
1911 B. F. BOWEN & COMPANY
INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANA
DEDICATION. This work is respectfully dedicated to
THE PIONEERS,
long since departed. May the memory of those who laid down their burdens by the wayside ever be fragrant as the breath of summer flowers, for their toils and sacrifices have made Guernsey County a garden of sun- shine and delights.
1470868
PREFACE
All life and achievement is evolution; present wisdom comes from past experience, and present commercial prosperity has come only from past exer- tion and suffering. The deeds and motives of the men that have gone before have been instrumental' in shaping the destinies of later communities and states. The development of a new country was at once a task and a privi- lege. It required great courage, sacrifice and privation. Compare the pres- ent conditions of the people of Guernsey county. Ohio, with what they were one hundred years ago. From a trackless wilderness and virgin land, it has come to be a center of prosperity and civilization, with millions of wealth, systems of railways, grand educational institutions, splendid indus- tries and immense agricultural and mineral productions. Can any thinking person be insensible to the fascination of the study which discloses the aspirations and efforts of the early pioneers who so strongly laid the founda- tion upon which has been reared the magnificent prosperity of later days? To perpetuate the story of these people and to trace and record the social, political and industrial progress of the community from its first inception is the function of the local historian. A sincere purpose to preserve facts and personal memoirs that are deserving of perpetuation, and which unite the present to the past, is the motive for the present publication. The work has been in the hands of able writers, who have, after much patient studv and research, produced here the most complete biographical memoirs of Guernsey county. Ohio, ever offered to the public. A specially valuable and interesting department is that one devoted to the sketches of representative citizens of this county whose records deserve preservation bcause of their worth, effort and accomplishment. The publishers desire to extend their thanks to the gentlemen who have so faithfully labored to this end. Thanks are also due to the citizens of Guernsey county for the uniform kindness with which they have regarded this undertaking and for their many services ren- dered in the gaining of necessary information.
In placing the "History of Guernsey County, Ohio," before the citizens, the publishers can conscientiously claim that they have carried out the plan as outlined in the prospectus. Every biographical sketch in the work has been submitted to the party interested, for correction, and therefore any error of fact, if there be any, is solely due to the person for whom the sketch was pre- pared. Confident that our efforts to please will fully meet the approbation of the public, we are.
Respectfully,
THE PUBLISHERS.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I— TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY 25
Natural Features — Drainage — Forest Trees — Minerals — Landscape — The Streams of the County — Settlement of the County — Zane Trac£— Wills Creek — Origin of Some Geographical Names.
CHAPTER II— INDIAN OCCUPANCY 30
Territory Acquired by White Man — LaSalle's Explorations — British Acquire Title from the French — Colonial Ohio Land Company — George Washington — Boquet's Expedition — Indian Disturbances — Battle of Point Pleasant— North- west Territory Acquired by United States — George Rogers Clark — Indian His- tory— Last Tribes in Ohio — Indian Customs and Amusements — Anecdote of Col. John McDonaTd.
CHAPTER III— ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY : . 38
Military Land District — Land Surveys Completed — Guernsey County Formed — Civil Townships Organized — County-seat Question — Town Plats of the County — Incorporated Towns — A Lost Town.
CHAPTER IV— EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY 46
V2 The First Settler — Pioneer Graham— Early Comers — Life of the Pioneers — First Schools — A Wounded Deer — Indian Camps.
CHAPTER V— COUNTY GOVERNMENT 53
Official Record — First Officers — Commissioners Busy — Organization of Town- ships—The County-Seat Question — The First Court House — The County Jail — County Infirmary — The Children's Home1— A Five Year Record — Assessments in 1835 — Assessments for 1910 — Treasury Defalcations — Resulting Trials.
CHAPTER VI— POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY 65
Votes in 1824 — The Campaign of 1840 — Naphtali Luccock— Origin of Term "Hard Cider and Log-Cabin Campaign"— Notes on the Campaign of 1844 — Old Time Flag Poles— The Civil War Period— A Visit to McKinley— Different Votes on Prohibition — Presidential Vote — Gubernatorial Vote^Congressmen — State Senators — Representatives — County Treasurers — Sheriffs — Clerks of the Court — Associate Judges from 1S10 to 1851' — County Auditors — County Recorders — County Surveyors — County Commissioners — Infirmary Directors — Prosecuting Attorneys — Probate Judges — Coroners.
CHAPTER VII— MILITARY HISTORY OF THE COUNTY S8
An Honorable Military Record — A Revolutionary Character — Soldiers of 1812 -^Captain Beymer's Company — Captain Martin's Company — Captain Beatty's Company — Off to the Wars — Soldiers of the War of 1812 — The Mexican War — The Civil War — The First Company of Cambridge Volunteers — Drafts — Mur- der of Marshal Cook — Guernsey County Enlistments — Soldiers' Aid Societies — A Regimental Printer — John Morgan's Raid — The Cambridge Scouts — The Spanish-American War — The Cambridge Soldiers' Monument <— Soldiers' Graves— Grand Army of the Republic.
CHAPTER VIII— EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY 117
Early Efforts to Provide Schools — First Free School in Cambridge — Other Early Schools — Spelling Classes — The Cambridge Academy — District School Notice: — A Teacher Wanted — Other Educational Institutions — Cambridge Schools— The High School — The First Commencement'— The Richland Town- ship Free School — Pioneer School Discipline — Present School Statistics — Cam- bridge Seminary — Madison College.
CHAPTER IX— CHURCH AND DENOMINATIONAL HISTORY 138
Early Religious Sentiment— The Methodist Episcopal Church— The First and Second Churches at Cambridge— A Disastrous Fire— The Byesville Church, and Societies at Cumberland, Salesville and Other Points — The Christian Churches at Quaker City and Cambridge — The Friends Church — The Catho- lic Church — Methodist Protestant Church at Cambridge and Byesville — The Presbyterian Church at Cambridge! — Cumberland — Lore City — "Washington — Senecaville — Cumberland Presbyterian Church — United Brethren Church — Evangelical Lutheran Church — Pleasant City, Senecaville and Harmony Con- gregations— St. John's Episcopal Church — United Presbyterian Churches — Byesville, Washington, Pleasant Hill, Lebanon and Fairview — Baptist Churches — Macedonia, Goshen, Cumberland and Byesville.
CHAPTER X— SECRET SOCIETIES OF THE COUNTY 167
The First Masonic Lodge — Guernsey Lodge No. 66 — Cambridge Chapter No. 53, Royal Arch Masons — Guernsey Council No. 74, Royal and Select Mas- ters— Cambridge Commandery No. 47. Knights Templar' — Princes of Jerusa- lem— Nobles of the Mystic Shrine — Guernsey Chapter No. 211, Order of the Eastern Star — Cumberland Lodge No. 134 — Mount Pleasant Lodge No. 360 — Quaker City Lodge No. 500 — Acorn Chapter No. 205. O. E. S. — Cumberland Chapter No. 110, O. E. S— Quaker City Chapter No. 177, O. E. S.— Pleasant City Chapter No. 227. O. E. S— The Masonic Temple — Masonic Calendar— In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows — Cambridge Lodge No. 301 — Cambridge En- campment No. 150. Patriarchs Militant— Other Lodges — Knights of Pythias — Cambridge Lodge No. 53 — Pleasant City Lodge No. 595 — Rathbone Sisters, Golden Rod Temple No. 128— Quaker City Lodge No. 310 — Seneca Lodge No. 727— Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks — Cambridge Lodge No. 448.
CHAPTER xr— EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS 17S
Hardships of Early Settlers — The Sheep Industry— Statistics of 1876 — Report of 1907 — Good Fleeces — Agricultural Societies — First Premium List — The Fair at Washington — A Peculiar Season.
CHAPTER Xir— RAILWAY. WATER NAVIGATION AND THE OLD PIKE ROAD.. 185 Early Importance of Transportation — Zane Trace — The Pike, or National Road— The Old Wheeling Road— Survey of the Seven Ranges— New Wash- ington—Early Roads— The Old Pike— Report of Travel1— Toll Gates— First Flat or Keel Boat on Wills Creek — First Steamboat — Leaving the Country with a Flatboat — An Early River Venture— The Railroad Era— The Centra! Ohio (now the Baltimore & Ohio) Railroad— The Cleveland & Marietta Road —Ohio River & Western Railroad.
CHAPTER XIII— THE BAR OF GUERNSEY COUNTY 197
Early Lawyers — First Colored Jury — Death Sentences — First Grand Jury in
CONTENTS.
Guernsey County — Present Justices of the Peace — Prominent Early Attor- neys— Published Lists — Present Court Officers — Present Members of the Guernsey County Bar.
CHAPTER XIV— THE MEDICAL PROFESSION 203
Efficiency of the Pioneer Doctors — Paper by Dr. C. A. Moore — Early Medical Advertisements — Dr. Andrew Wall — Personal Mention of Members of the Fra- ternity— List of Early Guernsey County Physicians — Present-Day Physicians ■ — Medical Societies — Keenan's Hospital.
CHAPTER XVI— NEWSPAPERS OF GUERNSEY COUNTY 215
The First Newspaper — The Guernsey Times — The Washington Republican, the First Democratic Paper — The Jeffersonian — The (hiernsey 'limes — Joseryh Sterling Thomas — People's Press — A Curious Editorial — The Cambridge Her- ald— Other Cambridge Newspapers — Newspapers at Pleasant City — Byesville Newspapers— Those at Cumberland— Quaker City Papers.
CHAPTER XVI— BANKS AND BANKING 221
Banks Established Early to Meet a Demand — Wild-cat Money — Discount on Bank Notes — An Old Bank Detecter— Old Time Values— Value of Town Lots — Guernsey County's First Bank — National Bank of Cambridge — Guernsey Na- tional Bank — Citizens Savings Bank — Central National Bank1 — Cambridge Sav- ings Bank — People's Bank — Guernsey Building and Loan Company — Byesville Banking — Banking at Cumberland — Senecaville — Quaker City — Cambridge Loan and Building Company — Bank Failures.
CHAPTER XVII— MINES AND MINING 239
Mineral Resources of Guernsey County — Development of Coal Mines — Statis- tics— Description of the Large Mines — Smaller Mines of the County — Salt Manufactory — Natural Gas.
CHAPTER XVIII— THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE 245
Origin of Name — Location — The Oldest House in Town — Levi Morgan — Early History — Settlers — The Whipping Post in Cambridge — Early Deeds Made^- Early Business Prospects — The Old Market House — Cambridge Postoffice — Early Stage Lines and Mail Service — A Postoffice "Primary" Incident— First Telegraph in Cambridge — Municipal History— Present City Officers^The Pub- lic Library — The City Cemeteries — Religious Worship — Temperance Move- ments— Important Events — Gen. Tom Thumb — First Events — Lorenzo Dow in Cambridge — William Henry Harrison Here — Long-ago Incidents — Old Wills Creek Bridge — A Cambridge Newsboy — Boom the Town — Industrial Cam- bridge^— Prominent Industries — A Cambridge Fire — A Midnight Fire — Fire of 1S95— A Terrible Death.
CHAPTER XIX— ADAMS TOWNSHIP 281
Boundaries — Old Settlers — Personal Mention of Pioneers Who Settled in the Township.
CHAPTER XX— CAMBRIDGE TOWNSHIP 2S4
One of the Original Five Townships — Present Boundaries and Area — Streams — Roads — Home of the First White Settler in Guernsey County.
CHAPTER XXI— CENTRE TOWNSHIP 285
Area and Boundaries — Early Settlement — Prominent Early Pioneers — Centre- ville— Craig.
CHAPTER XXII— JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP 288
A Township Without a Village — Area — Aged Residents of the Township- First Actual Settlers.
CHAPTER XXIII— JACKSON TOWNSHIP 291
Named in Honor of General Jackson — Organization — -Area — Pioneers Living in 1882— Prominent Early Families — Byesville»— Incorporation History — Fac- tories— Postofflce — Business Directory of 1910.
CHAPTER XXIV— KNOX TOWNSHIP 296
Boundary of the Township — An Agricultural Community — Old Settlers Sur- viving in 18761— Sketches of Some of the Early Settlers.
CHAPTER XXV— OXFORD TOWNSHIP 298
Physical Description of the Township — Organization of the Township — The Zane Trace — First Settlement in the Township— Platting of Fairview— Post- office — Mayors — Business Interests.
CHAPTER XXVI— LIBERTY TOWNSHIP 303
Organization— A Good Agricultural Section — A Contented People — Old Resi- dents— Towns and Villages — Kimbolton — Business Interests.
CHAPTER XXVII— RICHLAND TOWNSHIP 306
Description of Township — Early Settlers — Towns and Villages — Lore City — Incorporation and Town Officers — Senecaville — Incorporation — Business Inter- ests in 1910 — Early Conditions and Events.
CHAPTER XXVIII— MILLWOOD TOWNSHIP 311
Area — Rich in Agricultural and Mineral Resources — Aged Early Settlers Sur- viving in 1S76 — Prominent Families — True Pioneer Hall^Shroud and Coffin- Towns and Villages — Millwood, now Quaker City— Salesville — Its Inception —Present History— Business Factors— Incorporation of Quaker City— Present Business Interests — Town Officers.
CHAPTER XXIX— MONROE TOWNSHIP 320
Formerly a Part of Jefferson Township — Area — Drainage — New Birmingham — Pioneers Surviving in 1876.
CHAPTER XXX— MADISON TOWNSHIP 322
Organization— First Election — List of Aged Pioneers in 1876 — Edward Bratton, the First White Settler— Other Pioneers.
CHAPTER XXXI— SPENCER TOWNSHIP 324
Organization and First Election — Boundary — Irrigation and Drainage — Pio- neer Names — First Settlers — Town of Cumberland — Facts of Interest — Busi- ness Factors in 1910.
CHAPTER XXXII— WHEELING TOWNSHIP 329
Boundary and Area— Streams and Road3— First Settler— The Pioneer Band — Town of Guernsey — Bird's Run — A Strange Natural Formation.
CHAPTER XXXIII— WESTLAND TOWNSHIP 332
One of the Original Townships — Physical Characteristics— Early Settlers^ survivors in 1876.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXIV— LONDONDERRY TOWNSHIP 335
Area and Boundary — Old Residents in 1S76 — Platting of Londonderry — Early Organization of Quakers— Early-day School Facilities.
CHAPTER XXXV— WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP 337
Boundary— Drainage — A Good Agricultural Section— Its Early Settlers — Levi Williams, the Pioneer — Towns and Villages — Antrim — Winchester.
CHAPTER XXXVI— WILLS TOWNSHIP 341
Location — Well Watered1— Prominent Early Settlers Surviving in the Centen- nial Year — Woolen Factory — Pioneers — Towns and Villages of the Township — Elizabethtown— Washington*— Present Officers and Population— Present Busi- ness Interests — An Early Sketch — Originally Called Beymerstown— Frankfort —Village of Derwent — Formerly a Sheep-Raising District.
CHAPTER XXXVIP— VALLEY TOWNSHIP 349
Organization and Location — A Rich Mineral Section— First Settlers — Pleasant City— Its History, as Told by Ahe T. Secrest — Business Factors of 1910 — Mu- nicipal History — Buffalo (old Hartford) — Old Mills — Fire— Present Interests.
CHAPTER XXXVIII— MISCELLANEOUS EVENTS OF INTEREST 357
Unique Advertisements — A Slave Case — The "Underground Railroad" — Some Peculiar Notices — Siamese Twins — Cambridge Markets in 1837 and 1S54 — Mar- ket Prices at Later Dates — Present Prices — California Gold Fever Here — The Pennyroyal Reunion Society" — A Curious Old Paper — Early Highway Rob- bery— Henry Clay in Cambridge — Colonel Sarchet's Birthday Banquet — Early Guernsey County Marriages — A Human Team — Meteoric Shower of 1833 — Cy- clones— Hail Storm in 1S20 — Cold Weather Statistics — Oldest Man in the County — Grave Robbing — The First Mails — Daring Mail Robbery — Postoffices in 1895 — Guernsey County's Man-Woman- — Days of Mourning — Death of Presi- dent Harrison — President Lincoln's Assassination — Death of President Gar- field— President Grant's Memorial Services — Death of President McKinley — Sarchet Brothers and Their Bible — An Old Bridge.
CHAPTER XXXIX— GENERAL REMINISCENCES. 393
Pioneer Incidents— Salt for Wheat— The Old Mill— Flour and Salt— Pack Sad- dle— An Indian Wedding*— Early Whiskey-dog Trial — County's Pioneers — Local Historical Sketch — Early Days on Wills Creek — Sarchet Gives Some History — General Jackson's Visit to Cambridge — "From Hen to Mouth" — The Old i-'ike and Early Inns.
HISTORICAL INDEX
A
Academy, Cambridge 134
Acorn Chapter, O. E. S 171
A Curious Editorial 220
A Curious Old Paper 372
Adams Township 281
Agricultural Interests 17S
Agricultural Societies 180
Agricultural Statistics 179
Aid Societies, Soldiers' 98
A Lost Town 44
Anderson Lodge, I. O. O. F 174
Anecdote of John McDonald 35
An Old Bridge 392
Antrim 340
A Peculiar Season 1S4
A Revolutionary Character SO
A Slave Case 358
Assassination of President Lincoln. 389
Assessments for 1S35 GI
Assessments for 1910 61
Associate Judges $2
A Terrible Death 278
Attorneys, List of 202
Auditors, County 82
Austin, Dr. Charles R 210
B
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 194
Bank Failures 238
Bank of Cumberland 235
Banks and Banking 224
Baptist Church 103
Bar of Guernsey County 197
Battle of Point Pleasant 32
Benevolent and Protective Order of
Elks 170
Beymerstown 340
Bible, Sarchet Brothers' 392
Birthday Banquet, Colonel Sarchet's 370
Black Hawk 2G4
Bolan, Dr. William K 208
Boom the Town 271
Boundaries of Guernsey County .... 25
Bouquet's Expedition 31
Bratton, Edward 323
British Acquire Ownership 3i>
Broadhead's Trail 27
Buffalo 350
Buffalo M. E. Church 145
Buffalo Presbyterian Church 152
Byesville 293
Byesville Banking 234
Byesville Baptist Church 105
Byesville, Business Directory 295
Byesville Catholic Church 147
Byesville Enterprise 222
Byesville, Incorporation of 293
Byesville Lodge, I. O. O. F 174
Byesville M. E. Church 142
Byesville M. P. Church 149
Byesville Postoffice 295
Byesville U. P. Church , 101
C
California Gold Fever 300
Cambridge Academy 134
Cambridge Baptist Church 103
Cambridge Catholic Church 140
Cambridge Cemeteries 2G0
Cambridge Chapter, R. A. M 109
Cambridge Commandery, K. T 109
Cambridge, Early History 247
Cambridge Encampment, P. M 173
Cambridge Episcopal Church 159
Cambridge E. L. Church 155
Cambridge Fire 276
Cambridge, First Settlers 247
Cambridge Herald 220
Cambridge, Industries of 273
Cambridge Loan and Building Com- pany 237
Cambridge, Location of 245
Cambridge Lodge, B. P. O E 170
Cambridge Lodge, F. & A. M 16S
Cambridge Lodge, I. O O. F 173
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Cambridge Lodge, K. P 1'*
Cambridge Markets, 1837 305
Cambridge Markets, 1854 304
Cambridge, Mayors of 2o7
Cambridge M. E. Church 138
Cambridge M. P. Church 147
Cambridge, Municipal History 257
Cambridge Newsboy 271
Cambridge Postoffice 253
Cambridge Presbyterian Church 149
Cambridge Public Library 258
Cambridge Savings Bank 233
Cambridge Schools 120
Cambridge Scouts 101
Cambridge Seminary 134
Cambridge Soldiers' Monument 113
Cambridge Township 284
Cambridge U. B. Church 155
Cambridge U. P. Church 160
Campaign of 1S40 65
Campaign of 1844 68
Captain Beatty's Company 92
Captain Beymer's Company 90
Captain Martin's Company 91
Catholic Church 146
Cemeteries at Cambridge 2C0
Central National Bank 232
Central Ohio Railroad 194
Centre Township 285
Children's Home 59
Christian Church 145
Church History 138
Citizens Savings Bank 232
City of Cambridge 245
Civil "War 94
Civil War Vote 71
Clark, George Rogers 32
Claysville M. E. Church 144
Clerks of Court 82
Cleveland & Marietta Railroad 195
Coal Mines, Description of 241
Cold Weather Statistics 383
College, Madison 135
Colonial Ohio Land Company 30
Commencement, First 130
Commissioners, County 84
Congressmen 70
Cook, Murder of Marshal 97
Coroners 86
County Auditors 82
County Commissioners 84,
County Government 53
County Infirmary 58
County Jail 58
County Officers, First 53
County's Pioneers 397
County Recorders 83
County-seat Question 54
County Surveyors 83
County Treasurers 80
Court House, First 55
Court House, Present 50
Court Officers 202
Cumberland 327
Cumberland Baptist Church 105
Cumberland Chapter, O. E. S 172
Cumberland Echo 222
Cumberland Lodge, F. & A. M 170
Cumberland Lodge, I. O. O. F 174
Cumberland M. E. Church 143
Cumberland Presbyterian Church .. 152
Cumberland Presbyterian Church... 154
Cumberland Savings Bank 235
Cyclones 381
D
Daughters of Rebekah 174
Days of Mourning 389
Death of President Garfield 390
Death of President Harrison 389
Death of President McKinley 391
Death Sentences 198
Deeds, Early 249
Defalcation, Treasury 02
Derwent 347
Discipline, Pioneer School 132
Drafts for Military Service 97
Drainage of Guernsey County 25
E
Earliest Physicians 212
Early Business Prospects 250
Early Days on Wills Creek 415
Early Deeds 249
Early Guernsey County Physicians. . 210
Early Highway Robbery 373
Early Inns 419
Early Lawyers 199
Early Marriages 379
Early River Venture 193
Early Settlement of County 40
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Educational Development 117
Elizabethtown 344
Episcopal Church 159
Evangelical Lutheran Church 155
Expedition by Bouquet : . 31
F
Fairview 301
Farview, Business Interests of 302
Fairview, Mayors of 3(11
Fairview U. P. Church 102
Fire of 1S95 277
First Colored Jury 198
First Commencement 130
First County Officers 53
First Court House 55
First Flat Boat 190
First Free School 117
First Grand Jury 198
First Mails 386
First National Bank, Byesville 234
First National Bank, Senecaville ... 230
First Steamboat on Wills Creek.... 192
First Telegraph 250
First Volunteers 95
Flag Poles, Old-time 09
Flour and Salt 394
Frankfort 347
Free and Accepted Masons 107
Free School, First 117
French Assert Ownership 30
Friends Church 145
"From Hen to Mouth" 419
G
Garfield, President, Death of 390
Golden Rod Templef R. S 175
Gold Fever 300
Good Fleeces 180
Goshen Baptist Church 105
Government, County 53
Grand Army of the Republic 116
Grant. President, Memorial Services 390
Grave Robbing 3S5
Graves, Soldiers' 115
Gubernatorial Vote 75
Guernsey 330
Gurnsey Building and Loan Company 234
Guernsey Capter, O. E. S 170
Guernsey Council, R. & S. M 109
(2)
Guernsey County Agricultural So- ciety 180
Guernsey County, Boundaries " 25
Guernsey County, Drainage of 20
Guernsey County, Organization of . . 38
Guernsey County's First Bank 228
Guernsey County Soldiers 97
Guernsey County, Topography of 25
Guernsey Lodge, F. & A. M 107
Guernsey National Bank 232
Guernsey Times 215
H
Hail Storm 383
Harmony E. L. Church 158
Harrison, President, Death of 389
Hartford 350
Henry Clay, Visit of 375
Highway Robbery 373
Hill, Dr. Noah 209
Historical Sketch 413
Holmes, Dr. Harry W 209
Home, Children's 59
Human Team 379
Hunt, Dr. Samuel 208
I
Important Events 204
Incorporated Towns 44
Independent Order of Odd Fellows . . 173
Indian Camp 33
Indian Disturbances 31
Indian History 32
Indian Occupancy 30
Indian Treaty 32
Indian Wedding 395
Indians, Removal of 32
Industrial Cambridge 273
Infirmary 5s
Infirmary Directors So
J
Jackson, General. Visit of 418
Jackson Township 291
Jail 58
Jefferson Township 288
Jim Lyons 35
Judges, Associate 82
Judges, Probate 86
Justices of the Peace 199
HISTORICAL INDEX.
K
Kackley, Dr. Jonathan A 209
Keenan's Hospital 214
Kimbolton 305
Kimbolton M. E. Church 144
Knights of Pythias 174
Knox Township 296
L
Lawyers. Present 202
Leaving County With Flat Boat 192
Lebanon U. P. Church 162
Liberty 305
Liberty Township 303
Life of the Pioneers 47
Lincoln, Assassination of 389
Londonderry Township 335
Long-ago Incidents 268
Lore City 307
Lore City Lodge, I. O. O. F 174
Lore City M. E. Church 144
Lore City Presbyterian Church 152
Lorenzo Dow 266
Luccock, Naphtali 66
Mc
McDonald, Anecdote of Col. John... 35
McKinley, President, Death of 391
McKinley, Visit to 72
McNeil, Archie 424
M
Macedonia Baptist Church 164
Madison College 135
Madison Township 322
Mail Robbery 387
Mails, The First 386
Man-Woman, Guernsey County's 387
Market House, The Old 251
Market Prices 365
Marriages. Early 379
Masonic Calendar 172
Masonic Order 167
Masonic Temple 172
Medical Advertising 205
Medical Profession 203
Medical Societies 213
Metcalf 's Tavern 2 46
Meteoric Shower .' 380
Methodist Episcopal Church 13S
Methodist Protestant Church 147
Mexican War 94
Midnight Fire 277
Military Drafts 97
Military History of County 88
Military Land District 38
Miller, Dr. Thomas J 209
Millwood Township 311
Mines and Mining 239
Mines, Description of 241
Mining Accidents 240
Mining Statistics 240
Miscellaneous Events 357
Monroe Township 320
Monument, Soldiers' 113
Morgan's Raid 98
Murder of Marshal Cook 97
Mystic Shrine 170
N
Names of Streams 26
Names, Origin of 28
National Bank of Cambridge 229
Natural Gas 244
National Road 185
Newspapers of the County 215
New Washington 18 7
O
Ohio River & Western Railroad 196
Old Bank Detector 225
Oldest House in Cambridge 245
Oldest Man in the County 385
Old Market House 251
Old-time Flag Poles 69
Old-Time Values 226
Old Wills Creek Bridge 270
Organization of County 38
Original Townships 39
Origin of Names 28
Otterbein U. B. Church 154
Oxford Township 298
P
Pack Saddle 395
Pennsylvania Railroad 195
Pennyroyal Reunion Society 369
People's Bank 234
Physicians, Present-day 212
Pioneer Doctors 204
Pioneer School Discipline 132
Pioneers, County's 397
HISTORICAL INDEX.
Pioneers, Life of the 47
Pleasant City 350
Pleasant City Chapter, O. E. S 172
Pleasant City B. L. Church 156
Pleasant City Lodge, K. P 175
Pleasant City M. E. Church 145
Pleasant City Recorder 222
Pleasant Hill U. P. Church 162
Point Pleasant, Battle of 32
Point Pleasant Lodge, F. & A. M... 171
Postoffice at Cambridge 25iJ
Postoffices 3S7
Presbyterian Church 149
Present Court House 56
Present Court Officers 202
Present-day Physicians 212
Present Lawyers 202
Presidential Vote 75
Princes of Jerusalem 170
Probate Judges 86
Prohibition, Vote on 74
Prosecuting Attorneys 86
Public Library 258
Q
Quaker City 317
Quaker City Chapter, O. E. S 172
Quaker City Christian Church 145
Quaker City Independent 223
Quaker City Lodge, F. & A. M 171
Quaker City Lodge, K. P 176
Quaker City M. E. Church 144
Quaker City National Bank 236
Quakers 145
R
Raid, Morgan's OS
Railroad Era 194
Railways 185
Rathbone Sisters 175
Recorders, County 83
Recorder's Record 60
Record of Recorder 60
Regimental Printer 98
Religious Worship 262
Reminiscences 393
Representatives 78
Richland Township 306
Robbery, Early Highway 373
St. Benedict's Catholic Church 146
Salesville 315
Salesville M. E. Church 143
Salt for Wheat 393
Salt Manufactory 243
Sarchet, Colonel, Birthday Banquet. 376
Sarchet Family Bible 392
Schools, Cambridge 126
School Discipline, Pioneer 132
School Statistics 133
Scott, Dr. Winfield 210
Second Baptist Church 163
Second U. B. Church 155
Second U. P. Church 16U
Secret Societies 167
Seminary, Cambridge 134
Senators, State 78
Seneca Lodge, K. P 176
Senecaville 308
Senecaville Lodge, I. O. O. F 174
Senecaville Lutheran Church 157
Senecaville M. E. Church 145
Senecaville Presbyterian Church 153
Settlement, Early 46
Seven Ranges ISO
Sheep Industry 179
Sheriffs 81
Shroud and Coffin 314
Siamese Twins 363
Simons, Dr. Charles P 208
Soldiers' Aid Societies 98
Soldiers from Guernsey County 97
Soldiers' Graves 115
Soldiers' Monument 113
Soldiers of 1812 90, 93
Some Peculiar Notices 361
Spanish-American War 112
Spencer's Station 315 ■
Spencer Township 324
State Senators 78
Streams, Names of 26, 29
Surveyors, County 83
T
Telegraph, First in Cambridge 256
Temperance Movements 262
The Jeffersonian 215
The Old Pike 185, 189, 419
HISTORICAL INDEX.
The Old Mill 393
The RepublicmirPress 219
Toll Gate Statistics 189
Tom Thumb 265
Topography of Guernsey County.... 25
Town Plats 41
Townships, Organization of 39, 54
Townships, Original 39
Treasurers, County Sti
Treasury Defalcation 62
U
Underground Railroad 358
Union School 127
Unique Advertisements 357
United Brethren Church 154
United Presbyterian Church 160
V
Valley Township 349
Visit to McKinley 72
Vote, Gubernatorial 75
Vote in 1824 65
Vote on Prohibition 74
Vote, Presidential 75
Volunteers, First 95
W
Wall, Dr. Andrew 206
Washington 344
Washington Fair 183
Washington, George 31
Washington M. E. Church 145
Washington Presbyterian Church... 153
Washington Republican 215
Washington Township 337
Washington U. P. Church 161
Water Navigation 185
Weather Statistics 383
Westland Township 332
Wheeling Road 1S6
Wheeling Township 329
Whipping Post 248
Whiskey-dog Trial 396
Whittier, Andrew 89
William Henry Harrison, Visit of.. 267
Wills Creek Bridge 270
Wills Creek, Early Days on 415
Wills Township 341
Winchester 34U
Wool Industry 179
Wounded Deer 49
Z
Zane's Trace 27, 186
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX
Abels, James D old
Adair, William J 71':;
Albin, Perry M 531
Allison, Richard M 907
Amos, John M 544
Anderson, Charles M SIS
Anderson, John 813
Anderson, Matthias C S13
Arbuckle, Alexander W 725
Arndt, David 608
Arndt, Howard W 608
Atkins, Robert H 791
Atkins, Robert N 59a
Ault, Charles M 650
Austin, Charles R 7S3
B
Bair. James G 505
Banta, Charles Levi 517
Barber, Nathan H 894,
Barnes, John W 670
Barr, James R 926
Bayless, Osmond M 533
Beckett, John C 477
Bell, Oscar 0 604
Bell, William H 674
Bennett, Arthur J 625
Berry, John S 909
Berry, Oscar J 758
Bierly, William F 492
Bird, Frank E...' 852
Black, Archibald L 7S7
Blair, William H 839
Bond, John H 685
Bonnell, Thomas A 4S2
Bostwick, John A 554
Bostwick, Nathan 555
Bown, Herbert H 529
Braden, Daniel E S99
Bradford, William X 654
Bratton, John B 770
Bratton, Samuel, Jr 511
Brown, J. Marshall 550
Brown, Turner G 889
Brown, William H 648
Bruner, John L 600
Burgess, Samuel M 494
Burt, David S 72s
Burt, John M 762
C
Cain, Albert R 672
Cale, John W 801
Campbell, James W 468
Carnes, Samuel C 578
Carter, Samuel 610
Casey, Charles L 501
Catholic Church in Guernsey County. 480
Clark, John Bargar 945
Clark, Richard J 572
Clark, Stephen B 519
Clark, Thomas C 571
Cochran, Alexander 615
Coen, Alexander L 596
Combs, James G 822
Combs, John M Sll
Conner, Silas W 60S
Conroy, Dennis 967
Cowden, David L 919
Cowden. William N 919
Craig, Samuel A 662
Cubbison, James 588
Cuhbison, Pulaski 5S7
D
Davis, Carson B SOU
Davis, William H GSS
Davis, William H., Jr 776
Deselm, Wilbur D 7S6
Dickersou, George W 715
Dilley, Ephraim M \77
Dilley, James L S34
Dollison. Joseph B G27
Dowdall, William W «7:;
Druesedow. Anton E 097
Dyson, Joseph W 520
UOCKAPHICAL INDEX.
Eagleson, Alexander G bi9
Eagleson, Thomas 534
Eagleton, William 913
Eagleton, John 913
Eaton, James E 612
Eaton, Philip W 606
Enos, Benjamin F 515
Evans, William P 830
F
Fairchild, John T 861
Ferguson, Ira 503
Ferguson, Joseph B 629
Finley, John F 778
Finley, Samuel A 777
Fishel, John B 774
Forbes, Robert S 786
Forsythe, Homer A 901
Forsythe, William R 923
Fowler, Thomas W 951
Frame, Roland S 793
Frost, John W. . : 622
Frye, Charles W 771
Frye, George W 581
Frye, Henry F 760
Frye, William K 761
G
Gable, John E 496
Galbraith, Henry) <P -. S28i
Gander, David C 710
Gander, Homer S 707
Gibson, William H 619
Graham, Richard C 552
Grant, John Roland 961
Green, Elmer E 932
Green, Fred F 870
Green, James 931
Green, Willoughby B 937
Gregg. John B 537
Gregg, William D 589
Gregg, William J 590
Groves, Samuel C 773
H
Hall. Edward 911
Hall, Isaac W 58*
Hall. John R 5S5
Hartley, Leon C 929
Hartley, Milton L 929
Hawes, James F 779
Hawes, Joseph 78"
Hayman, Jacob H 6x2
Heade, Wilson S 521
Heaume, William E 528
Heiner, Charles A 722
Henderson, James C 790
Hilderbrand, Benjamin 1 858
Hoopman, Elijah B 750
Hoopman, James A 750
Hoopman. Parmer E 757
Hoopman. William H 512
Hunt, William A 789
Hutton, William A .874
Hyatt, John H 940
Hyatt, Noah 947
J
Jackson, Coleman B 881
Jackson, Samuel 740
Jenkins, David J 884
Johnson, Samuel M 042
Johnston, Andrew S. T 597
Johnston, Francis 597
Johnston, Willard B 024
Johnston, William F 921
Joyce, Benjamin B 558
K
Kaho, George S 095
Keenan, Isaac W 500
Koontz, Henry A 802
Koren, Joseph 812
L
Laughlin, James 854
Lawyer, William M 524
Lee, Benjamin F SS2
Lepage, Nathaniel 837
Linkhorn, L. S 70S
Linn, David 548.
Lofland, Gordon 480
Lowry, Orlando F 514
Luccock, Howard W 050
Lynch, Edward S45
Me
McBurney, James R 007
McConnell, John M 579
McCourt, James 737
McCracken, Alexander 8C8
McCreary, James H 090
McCreary, John L 781
BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX.
MeCulloeh, Allen R S9S
Mcllyar, Clyde R G59
McKim, Martin V 017
McKinley, Thomas W 717
McMillen, George A 700
M
Mahaffey, John P 498
Marsh, D. Dillon 640
Mathews, Edward W., Jr 500
Mathews, Edward W., Sr 405
Meek, Erastus F S24
Merry, Abraham M 908
Millhone, Elijah S71
Moore, Andrew Bines S32
Moore, Hiram K. '. S96
Moore, Isaac 70S
Moore, James W S7S
Moore, Robert B 798
Moore, Ross 527
Moore, Thomas 1 708
Moore, "Wiley 0 57(J
Moorhead, Joel 539
Moorhead. John S 843
Morgan, John H 484
Morton, Isaac 033
Moser, William M 831
Murray, Alexander R 031
Murray, James G31
N
Nash, John H 735
Neeland, Elijah 705
Nelson, Edwin M 680
Nichols, W. G 972
Nicholson, Andrew W 747
Nicholson, Jacob 800
Nicholson. John L S09
Nicholson, John R 755
Nicholson, Ulysses G 749
Nosset, David W 5G4
O
Orr, Charles A 508
Ogier, John, Jr 541
Oldham, Isaac. A S85
Oldham, Isaac J 609
Orr. James Clinton 507
P
Patton, James E 543
People's Bank, Pleasant City 493
Peters, James B 952
Pitt, Albert E M0
Potts, Benjamin 0 077
Pryor, James A 820
Purdum, U. C 540
Purdum, Zaehary 540
Pyles. Thomas 943
R
Ramsey, William T 784
Rankin, Daniel L 804
Reasoner, Lynn S 035
Reasoner, Thomas H 030
Reynolds, John 001
Riddle, Lincoln 0 759
Riggs, Eugene C *87
Ringer, Arthur G 607
Robins, James E 583
Robins, John, Sr 5S3
Robins, Martin L 584
Rogers, Lawson A 815
Rogers, Lilburn C 940
Rosemond Family 933
Rosemond, Fred L : 930
S
St. Benedict's Catholic Church 480
Salladay, George 507
Salladay, Jacob W 910
Salladay, Lewis F 573
Salladay, Warren 574
Sarchet, Cyrus P. B 403
Sarchet Family 457
Sarchet, Moses 46'2
Sarchet, Thomas, Sr 458
Schick Brothers 949
Schick, Frank L, Jr 950
Schick, Frank L, Sr 949
Schick, John B 951
Scott, Nathan B 733
Scott, Robert T 8G6
Secrest, George M 792
Secrest, Harrison 851
Secrest, Jacob F 591
Secrest, James M 850
Secrest, James W sos
Secrest, Noah E 739
Secrest, Noah E 713
Secrest, William 795
Shaw, George R 727
Shepler, Robert 1 705
Sheppard, Benjamin F 470
J-.KXiKAPIUCAL INDEX.
Sheppard, Charles S C02
Sheppard, William S 970
Sherby, Michael 5G2
Shriver, John W 692
Shriver, Mark Gordon 699
Shriver, Michael E (598
Siegfried, Jacob B 536
Siens, Milton H 557
Simpson, William L, G21
Skinner, James A G47
Smith, Ernest W 724
Smith, Frank R 509
Smith, George M 942
Smith, Jeremiah R 8G9
Spaid, Chaise J 971
Spaid, James E 859
Spaid, Thomas A 702
Stage, William M 827
Stage, William S S27
Stevens, Alpheus L 472
Stewart, James B 574
Stone, ^Elias D S4S
Stout, George H 924
Strauch, Matthew 719
Stubbs, Isaac E G52
Suitt, William C G65
T
Taylor, Alexander A 904
Taylor, David D 592
Taylor, Joseph D 953
Taylor, Orlamdo R S42
Temple. Edward 704
Temple, Lafayette 704
Temple, William 704
Thompson, Bert M 473
Thompson, Ebenezer F S29
Thompson, John A 864
Thompson, William 829
Trenner, Benjamin G93
Trenner, George S G44
Trenner, Obediah E 847
Trott, Elza D 752
True, Alfred J 565
Turner, George 488
Turner, William H 488
U
Upton, William H 47G
V
Vankirk, Samuel C 917
Veitch, Henry H S91
Vessels, John A 9G5
Vorhies, Elmer E 892
W
Wagner, Rev. J. H 480
Wall, Andrew 720
Warne, Clinton D G91
White, Isaac N 670
Williams, Henry L 523
Williams, Robert N 743
Wills, Theodore M 85G
Wilson, Henry H 638
Wilson, James M 963
Wilson, Samuel, Sr 638
Wilson, William C 964
Wilson, William H 5G9
Wires, John 731
Woodworth, Henry P 902
Wycoff, Albert E 714
Y
Yeo, William B 741
Young, Ora F 712
Z
Zahniser. Robert W 915
HISTORICAL.
CHAPTER I.
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY NATURAL FEATURES.
Guernsey county is bounded on the north by Tuscarawas and Harrison counties, on the east by Belmont county, on the south by Noble and on the west by Muskingum and Coshocton counties. Its soil is derived chiefly from the underlying rocks, which are mostly shales or sandstone. Except on the eastern borders, where the limestone at the base of the upper coal measure is reached, this applies where the soil is loose and thin. In some places it affords barely enough hold for the growth of grasses on the steep hillsides. A very small portion of the lands in the count}' were uncultivated later than 1880. It has every facility for a good dairy section, and to this many have, of late years, turned their attention with much profit. Its many springs and cooling streams make it an ideal country for this branch of farm industry. Sheep also do well and long years since the county ranked third and fourth of all the counties in Ohio in the production of sheep and wool.
The county, generally speaking, is very hilly and uneven in its topog- raph)-. It has been rightly termed "up hill and down hill" in its make-up. The highest ground is in the northwest and southwest portions. Four miles out of this county — over in Muskingum county — west from Spencer town- ship, Guernsey county, is situated High hill, the highest isolated point in Ohio, though in Logan county the general altitude is greater. There is a romantic appearance to the general topography here. Strange to say, there are no valleys but those shut in and surrounded by other hills and valleys. There are quiet dells, retiring far between the swelling hills, and this makes the whole scene one of beauty and charm to the passer-by. The slopes afford good pasture, and in many instances the hillsides are covered with fine vine- yards. The best mines in the count}- are located in the southern part. The southwestern section affords an excellent farming country, and many years ago this was noted for its wealth of livestock and prosperous farmers.
2b GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
The drainage of the county is by the valley of Wills creek, a branch of the Muskingum river. . The headwaters of Wills creek include the well- known streams or creeks, Leathenvood, Crooked creek, Salt fork, Bushy creek, and Sugar Tree fork, Leathenvood being the larger of these tributaries. Wills creek flows from its headwaters in Noble county, through the entire length of Guernsey, emptying into the Muskingum near the corners of Musk- ingum and Coshocton counties. All other streams in this section of Ohio How toward the south, but Wills creek flows north — away from the Ohio. It is a sluggish stream, following a tortuous course, north and south, through the western part of the county, with scarcely a foot fall per mile — hence its sluggishness. Its numerous tributaries form a complete network throughout the entire county. The soil through Which Wills creek flows is yellowish, hence the yellow appearance of this stream everywhere it meanders.
The county abounds in a good grade of both lime and sandstone and valuable clays; it also has an abundance of excellent timber, though much of the original forests have been long ago cut and sawed, leaving, how- ever, a good supply for the present and oncoming generations. Beech, poplar, sycamore, oak, chestnut, maple, elm and ash are among the valua- ble varieties of timber growing.
Coal, which is mentioned in the Mining chapter, underlies almost every portion of the county and has come to be the most paying branch of Guern- sey county's industries. Salt can be had by boring wells, which was done at a very early date in the history of the county.
Nature, everywhere within the confines of this county, smiles on man and yields up her treasures of soil and mineral wealth. The landscape certainly is one "ever a feast to the eye." and is admired by resident and stranger alike. Wlien the spring buds put forth, there is a sweetness in the atmosphere one seldom finds elsewhere. When autumn puts on her robes of beauty and silently glides winterward, no finer hues and brilliant com- mingling of forest leaves can be seen on the continent. While there are many countries with a deeper, richer soil, and where the raising of crops can lie carried on with less work and more profit, there are few better coun- tries for the general resources that go toward making man happy and con- tented with what nature has given him.
The following interesting items concerning the streams of this county and their names are from the pen of Hon. William M. Farrar: The streams of Guernsey county come somewhat curiously by their names, as Leather- wood, from a bush having a tough, leathery bark used by the pioneers for many useful purposes; Yoker. from the yoker brush that grows along its
GUERNSEV COUNTYj OHIO. -'7
banks; Wills creek, from Wills river, Maryland; Crooked creek, from its winding course; Little and Big Skull forks, from the fact that in early times the Indians, having made one of their raids into the white settlements east of the Ohio river, were returning" with their prisoners, among whom were a mother and infant child; being pursued, they first killed the infant and left the body to he devoured by the wolves, who left no remains hut the lit- tle skull; farther on the mother was killed, and in like manner devoured by the wolves, leaving only the skull. These skulls were found by the pursuing whites on the hanks of the streams which thus received their respective names. Another stream is named Indian Camp, from one of their camping grounds.
The settlement of the county was curious, in that settlers from so many different districts met here. The Virginians and Guernseymen met at Wills creek; the Yankees, from Massachusetts, and western Pennsylvanians, in the southwest; Quakers, from North Carolina and Chester county, Pennsylva- nia, in the southeast; the Irish, in the northern and western townships. A settlement from Xew Jersey extends into two townships, while there are families, descendants of the Hessians, in the southern part of the county, that came in through Virginia and Maryland settlements. The youngest daughter of General Stark, of the Revolution, died in this county, aged ninety-nine years.
The man who wields the second oar in the painting of "Perry's Vic- tory." in the rotunda of the Ohio State House, was a Guernsey county man known as "Fighting Bill" Reed. He was of Virginia or Pennsylvania stock, who learned the hlacksmith trade of William McCracken, of Cam- bridge.
General Broadhead's trail in his Coshocton campaign in 1781 against the Indians is distinctly marked through the county. There were no Indian villages in this region, it being the hunting ground of parties that hunted and fished along the principal streams.
In 1798 "Zane's Trace" w^as cut through the county. When Zane's party arrived at Wills creek crossing they found the government surveyors busy surveying the United States military lands. They had a camp on its banks. At this time the only dwelling between Wheeling and Lancaster was at Zanesville. The Zanes were from the south branch of the Potomac, near Wills river, Maryland, and hence gave the name Wills creek to the stream. So far as known. Ebenezer Zane's party consisted of himself, his brother, Jonathan Zane, John Mclntire, Joseph Worley, Levi Williams, and an Indian guide named Tomepomehala.
28 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Wills creek is a sluggish stream with a clay bottom, and, choked up as it was at that day with driftwood and rubbish, was a difficult crossing, and the Zanes, in compliance with the requirements of the act to establish and maintain ferries at the principal crossings, probably induced a man by the name of Graham to establish one there. It was the first stream west of Wheeling on the "Trace" over which they placed a ferry. Who this first ferryman was or where from is not known. He remained about two years, and was succeeded by George Beymer, from Somerset, Pennsylvania, a broth- er-in-law of John Mclntire, of Zane's party. Mclntire was a brother-in- law of Ebenezer Zane. Both of these persons kept a house of entertain- ment and a ferry for travelers on their way to Kentucky and other parts of the West. Mr. Beymer, in April, 1803. gave up his tavern to John Beatty, who moved in from Loudoun county, Virginia. Beatty's family consisted of eleven persons. Among these was Wyatt Hutchinson, who later kept a tavern in the town. The Indians then hunted in this vicinity, and often en- camped on the creek. In June, 1806, Cambridge was laid out. and on the day the lots were first offered for sale, several families from the British isle of Guernsey, near the coast of France, stopped here and purchased lands. These were followed by other families, amounting in all to some fifteen or twenty, from the same island, all of whom, settling in the county, gave origin to its present name. Among the heads of these families were William Ogier, Thomas Naftel, Thomas Lanfisty, James Bichard, Charles and John Mar- quand, John Robbins, Daniel Ferbrache, Peter, Thomas and John Sarchet and Daniel Hubert.
ORIGIN OF SOME GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES,
(From Col. C. P. B. Sarchet's Writings.) There is a significance about names both historical and otherwise. We know that Millwood township was first settled by Quakers, and that your beautiful city was first called Millwood. The name now, Quaker City, is appropriate, but because the W'ebsters built a mill on Leatherwood. didn't give it the name of Millwood. The reason for the name is farther back in history. Who knows? Coming down to Salesville, we know that the Brills and Williams were first settlers there, and that Brillsburg and Williamstown would have been appropriate names, but the name is farther back. Who knows? There have been some stories written about the "Leatherwood God" Dylks. We wrote one of these. We placed him as entering unseen into the old loo "Temple" north of Salesville. Another writer says he made his ap-
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 20.
pearance at a camp meeting held near the "Miller meeting house." There
is no question but there was a Dylks, but where the "God" appeared ought to
be definitely located; whether on the mountain top or in the vale, who knows?
At the first Pennyroyal Reunion, the late Hon. Newell Kennon gave
some historical reminiscences. lie said that the contractor who built the old stone church, tor the Reformed Associate Presbyterian church, in which Dr. Samuel Lindsey ministered so long, placed a jug' of whisky, and that when tlie church was torn down, the workmen found the jug and the whisky in a high state of preservation. "They drank the whisky, hut 1 don't know what became of the jug." Now it would not do to say Presbyterianism about Fairview had for its cornerstone a jug" of whisk}', but it was put there for some reason by the contractor. So it is sometimes with history. A part is given and the other is lost.
Leatherwood creek was named from a peculiar bush that grew along its hanks that was as pliable as leather, and was used as withes by the early set- tlers, Beaver creek, because of the beavers and beayer dams along- it. Sen- eca creek, from the oil that gathered on the salt water at the old Satter- thwaite salt works (which was gathered by spreading clothes on the water and then wringing out the oil, which was the same as the oil of Seneca Lake, New York. This oil was used for medicinal purposes. In our boyhood we took some dropped on loaf sugar, but would have preferred to mix the dose ourself). Salt Fork creek, from the salt lick found at the covered bridge on the National road, where the old Moore salt works were located. Buf- falo creek, from the many evidences of buffalo trails and stamps found near them. A legend is that the Indians had captured a woman and child, and on being pursued, had first killed the child, and later the mother. The child's skull was found near Little Skull fork and the mother's near Big Skull fork.
CHAPTER 11.
INDIAN OCCUPANCY TERRITORY ACQUIRED BY WHITE MEN.
La Salle, the famous adventurer and explorer, was beyond much doubt the first white man to tread the soil of what we now call Ohio. With a feu- followers and led by Indian guides, he penetrated the vast country then held by that powerful tribe of North American Indians known as the Iroquois and went down the Ohio as far as the "Falls," or where the city of Louisville now stands. There his band abandoned him and he traced his steps back north alone. This, it is believed, was in the winter of 1669-70 — two hundred and forty years ago — and this was more than a hundred years before Mari- etta, Ohio, was settled by the white race. This daring French explorer doubtless camped at the mouth of the Muskingum river. In 1682 he reached the Mississippi river, descended to its mouth, and there proclaimed possession of the vast valley in the name of his king.
Prior to the middle of the eighteenth century, the French people re- asserted their ownership of the Northwest and did actually take possession of what is now the northern part of Ohio, building a fort and establishing a trading station at Sandusky. Celeron de Bienville made a systematic ex- ploration of the Ohio valley and formally declared by process verbal the ownership of the soil. August 16, 1749. he was at the mouth of the Mus- kingum river, which fact was revealed in 1798 by the discovery of a leaden plate deposited by him and which set forth the exploration. The plate was found protruding from a bank, after a freshet, by some boys, who cut away a portion of its inscription, not knowing its great historic value. The same was translated by William Woodbridge, later governor of Michigan. A similar plate was found in 1846, at the mouth of the Kanawha. These were to reassert the rights of the French government to this land. While the French had a good title to this state, it was not long before it was wrested from them by the British crown.
The Colonial Ohio Land Company was organized in Virginia in 1748. by twelve associates, among whom were Thomas Lee and Lawrence Augus- tine, brothers of George Washington. Under this company. Christopher Gist explored the Ohio valley as far as the Falls. The company secured
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 3 1
a nival grant of half a million acres in the valley of the Ohio river. It was intended to at once found a colony, but the French opposed it, and the royal governor of Virginia sent George Washington, then a young man, to the commander of the French forces to demand their reason for invasion of British territory. Washington received an answer that was both haughty and defiant. He returned and made his report to the governor, who aban- doned the idea of making immediate settlement, but at once set about as- serting the English claims by force of arms. The result was the union of the ■ colonies, the ultimate involvement of England in the war that ensued, the defeat of the French, and the vesture in the British crown of the right and title to Canada and of all the territory east of the Mississippi and south to the Spanish possessions in the South. Ben Franklin had tried to effect a union of the colonies, but was unsuccessful. He had proposed a plan of settlement in 1754. and suggested that two colonies be located in the West — one upon the Cuyahoga and the other on the Scioto, which tract he declared had not its equal on the North American continent, having timber and coal almost on the surface ready to mine.
But the English did little toward improving their title or effecting set- tlement here in Ohio. George Washington made a journey down the Ohio in 1770 with several others interested. He camped at Duck creek, as is shown by his diary. Through his instrumentality, the western scheme was revived. A large colony was formed, which included the old Ohio Company and the Walpole scheme, as well as recognizing the bounty act of Virginia volunteers in the French and Indian war. Had it not been for Indian troubles coming on this would have been a wonderful success.
Col. Henry Bouquet had made the first English expedition into the Ohio country in 1764. for the purpose of punishing the Indians and re- covering from them the captives they had taken during the previous years on the Pennsy+vania and Virginia borders. No blood was shed, the Indians assenting to the terms offered them. The expedition was directed against the Delawares upon the Tuscarawas and Muskingum. Bouquet obtained two hundred captives at the hands of the savages, and returned to Fort Pitt (Pittsburg) with an army of fifteen hundred men. For a time this quieted the Indians of the Ohio country, and the next ten years passed peace- fully.
But to resume the history first spoken of. The Shawnees had become very hostile, on account of the prospect of their having to lose their lands and because of the murder of Logan, the famous Mingo chief, who had been dwelling with them at old Chillicothe. To quell the disturbance thus
2,2 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
arising. Lord Dunmore, royal governor of Virginia, organized an army of invasion into the Indian country. He had command of one wing and en- trusted the other wing to Gen. Andrew Lewis.
The forces of Lewis were attacked by the Indians, south of the Ohio river, and the ensuing combat, known as the battle of Point Pleasant, was one of the bloodiest in Indian border \varfare up to that date. Dunmore did not get into a real engagement with his wing of the army. A treaty was held at Camp Charlotte, in which all agreed but old Logan, the Mingo chieftain, who there made the speech which all school boys used to delight in reading and "speaking," being the most eloquent one ever coming from the lips of an Indian, and equal, so Thomas Jefferson said, to any made by classic scholars the world round.
The Revolution came on. and the West was no longer the scene of military action. But a soldier who served under Dunmore, — George Rogers Clark, — of whom the late lamented James A. Garfield remarked, "The cession of that great territory, under the treaty of 1783, was due mainly to his foresight and courage, and who has never received the adequate recogni- tion due him for so great a service" — at the close of the Revolution was instru- mental in making the Northwest territory a portion of the United States, instead of leaving it to be possessed by the English, in the terms of peace that were made. Had it not been for this, the Colonies would have been owners only of the country east of the Alleghanies. unless the West should be later conquered by them from the British. He sought out Governor Patrick Henry, then governor of Virginia, who allowed him (Clark) to raise seven companies of soldiers and to seize the British posts in the North- west and this brought the territory rightfully into the territory agreed upon when the treaty was finally effected between the Colonists and England. He also made two other expeditions — both against Indians upon the Miamis — in 1780 and 1782.
Thus Ohio — a part of the. Northwest territory — became a part of the United States and not held as a province of Great Britain.
INDIAN HISTORY.
In August. 1831, the first treaty for the removal of the Indians from Ohio was made, and in September. 1832, the first removals were made by David Robb and H. A. Workman. The tribes removed were Shawnees and Senecas. David Robb had been a former prominent citizen and official of Guernsey county, was sheriff and senator and representative in the Legisla-
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 33
hire and publisher and editor of The Washington Republican, the first Demo- cratic paper of Guernsey county, published at Washington. He was appointed Indian agent by President Jackson.
David Robb published a very interesting history of his connection with the Indians as agent in The Belle Fountain Republican, and of his several overland journeys with them to their new "hunting grounds" west of the Mississippi river.
The last Indian tribe to be removed from Ohio was the Wyandottes. Rev. James B. Finley, of the Methodist Episcopal church, was a missionary among the Wyandottes, and gives in his autobiography many interesting incidents of his connection with this tribe.
The Indians who lived in and fished in what are now the bounds of Guernsey county were the Delawares, Shawnees, Senecas and Mingos. These tribes had towns at the forks of the Muskingum. It is mistaken his- tory when it is said that there were no Indian towns in Guernsey county. There were at least five, Old Town, above Byesville, one at the Fish Basket, north of Cambridge, one on Salt Fork creek, one on Indian Camp run, and one on Bird's run. Many of the tribes referred to resorted to Guernsey waters because of the fish they contained and of the riffles where they could securely set their "fish baskets."
All of the Indians did not take kindly to the wish of General Jackson, the then "Great Father." that they give up their hunting grounds in Ohio in exchange for hunting grounds west of the Mississippi river, and roving hands of the peaceful but dissatisfied red men moved about through the state. In September, 1834, one of these bands visited Cambridge. The Guernsey Times, then published by Hersh and McPherson, gives us a local note, "that a band of Indians are in camp near this town." It is left for an eye-witness, although then young, to complete that local of 1834.
The Indian camp was located south of Gaston avenue, on the site now known as "Silver Cliff." At that time the ridge was covered with oak and beech trees. The water for the use of the camp was gotten from a spring in the old Asher-Williams lot. There were perhaps a hundred men. women and children. They remained in camp there for ten days or more. They wore, when they wore anything (for it was warm and pleasant weather), the usual Indian dress of blankets and breech-clouts. The men were peaceful and quiet, except when they had been presented too freely with "whisk."
They had no arms except bows and arrows and tomahawks. The women had Indians' trinkets, which they peddled about the town. The men put in the daytime mostly shooting with their bows and arrows at
(3)
34 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
"fips and levies," set up in split sticks driven in the ground. Their prin- cipal shooting place was in the street west of the Hutchison tavern. The distance was sixty feet. The "fips and levies" stuck in the splits were the prizes to the shooters who hit the mark. The squaws, with their pappooses tied to boards and hung on their backs, or set up against the houses, stood around and enjoyed the sport and cheered the lucky Indian who took the prize.
Those who took the most interest in the shooting contests and mingled most with them were Edward Rogers and G. W. Mulholland. Rogers was a silversmith, having a shop in the east room of the Ogier house. Mulhol- land was a tailor, and had a shop in the Seneca Needham house, located on the now Ofme Hardware Company corner. They were strong Jacksonians, and would try to make the Indian chiefs understand that the "Great Father," at Washington City, would deal justly with the Indians. But these Indians were on a strike against the "Great Father," and they only "ughed" at the praise given by these Democratic followers of the "Great Father." These Indians were a mixture of tribes, Delawares, Shawnees. Wyandottes and Senecas. They came to Cambridge from the south, crossing Wills creek below the old Gomber-Moore mill. They had a few old wagons and carts. The tent poles and many of the trappings were tied around the necks of the ponies and horses and dragged upon the ground. The squaws had charge of the train, and, according to Indian custom, did most of the work, while the big, lazy "bucks" rode horses and the children who were big enough to ride rode the ponies. The older men and women and the small children rode in the wagons and carts. Some of the women rode on ponies, two to each, and some rode sidewise and some astride. It may have been that these rovers were visiting their old hunting and fishing grounds on Wills creek.
When they broke camp, they moved towards the north. To the writer then, and in a backward view now, it was a better "wild west" parade than "Buffalo Bill" ever made at Cambridge. It was a parade of the pure, una- dulterated "Ingen," without spangles, feathers or paint. With the tribe were two white women, who bad been captured in infancy, who had lost all trace (if their white ancestry, and were the apparently happy wives of two big, lazy "bucks."
There were in 1S05 five Indian families residing in this vicinity. Two brothers, named Jim and Bill Lyons, who had their huts up the bottom where William Tedrick's house now stands; Joseph Sky, who lived at the mouth of Brushy fork, near where Lynn's mill now is; one Doughty, who
1470868
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 35
bail a luii between Mrs. Culbertson's and Newman Lake's, who had two squaws; and one named Hunter, who didn't have any squaw.
Doughty's extra squaw was an incumbrance, however, being one of Simon Girty's, which he and the Lyons brothers were under obligations to support for some service Girty had rendered their fathers. She was ex- ceedingly ill-favored and very intemperate.
These Indians hunted in that neighborhood during the summer, and when winter came would pack up and move off to Big Stillwater, where they had a sort of Indian town. They were, however, very friendly and not troublesome.
Jim Lyons had a white wife, a girl that his father had taken prisoner when a child: having adopted and raised her, his son married her. In her dress, appearance and manner she was as much an Indian as any of them. and could not have been distinguished had it not been for her hair, which was fairer than that of the Indians and inclined to be wavy. She was very reserved in her manner towards the whites; seemed to avoid their societv. and was never known to speak to a white person, or in their presence. In one respect the Lyons brothers were an exception among Indians — they didn't like whisky; and as Girty's old squaw wouldn't do without it, she lived most of her time at Doughty's hut. and would get drunk, whenever she could get liquor enough, and swear and tear around, and quarrel, and "take on" equal to any of the "white trash."
ANECDOTE OF COL. JOHN m'dOXALI). (From "Howe's History of Ohio.) i
In the year 1791 or '92, the Indians having made frequent incursions into the settlenTents along the Ohio river, between Wheeling and Mingo bot- tom, sometimes killing or capturing whole families, at other times steal- ing all the horses belonging to a station or fort, a company consisting of seven men rendezvoused at a place called the Beech bottom, on the Ohio river, a few miles below where Wellsburg has been erected. This company were John Whetzel, 'William McCollough. John Hough. Thomas Biggs. Joseph Hedges. Kinzie Dickerson and a Mr. Linn. Their avowed object was to go to the Indian towns to steal horses. This was then considered a legal, honorable business, as we were then at open war with the Indians. It would only be retaliating upon them in their own way.
These seven men were all trained to Indian warfare and a life in the
36 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
woods from their youth. Perhaps the western frontier at no time could furnish seven men whose souls were hetter fitted, and whose nerves and sinews were better strung to perform any enterprise which required reso- lution and firmness.
They crossed the Ohio, and proceeded, with cautious steps and vigilant glances, on their way through the cheerless, dark and almost impervious for- est, in the Indian country, till they came to an Indian town, near where the headwaters of the Sandusky and Muskingum rivers interlock. Here they made a fine haul, and set off homeward with fifteen horses. They traveled rapidly, only making short halts to let their horses graze and breathe a short time to recruit their energy and activity. In the evening of the second day of their rapid retreat they arrived at Wills creek, not far from where the town of Cambridge has since been erected.
Here Mr. Linn was taken violently sick, and they must stop their march or leave him alone to perish in the dark and lonely woods. Our frontiers- men, notwithstanding their rough and unpolished manners, had too much of my Uncle Toby's "sympathy for suffering humanity," to forsake a com- rade in distress. They halted, and placed sentinels on their back trail, who remained there until late in the night, without seeing any signs of being pursued. The sentinels on the back trail returned to the camp, Mr. Linn still lying in excruciating pain. All the simple remedies in their power were administered to the sick man, without producing any effect.
Being late in the night, they all lay down to rest, except one who was placed as guard. Their camp was on the bank of a small branch. Just be- fore daybreak the guard took a small bucket and dipped some water out of the stream : on carrying it to the fire he discovered the water to be muddy. The muddy water waked his suspicion that the enemy might be approaching them, and were walking down in the stream, as their footsteps would be noise- less in the water. He waked his companions and communicated his suspicion. They arose, examined the branch a little distance, and listened attentively for some time ; but neither saw nor heard anything, and then concluded it must have been raccoons, or some other animals, puddling in the stream.
After this conclusion, the company all lay down to rest, except the sen- tinel, who was stationed just outside of the light. Happily for them the fire was burned down, and only a few coals afforded a dim light to point out where they lay.
The enemy had come silently down the creek, as the sentinel suspected, to within ten or twelve feet of the place where they lay, and fired several guns over the bank.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 3/
Mr. Linn, the sick man, was lying; with his side towards the bank, and received nearly all the balls which were at first fired. The Indians then, with tremendous yells, mounted the bank with loaded rifles, war-clubs and toma- hawks, rushed upon our men, who fled barefooted and without arms. Mr. Linn, Thomas Biggs and Joseph Hedges were killed in and near the camp. William McCullough had run but a short distance when he was fired at by the enemy. At the instant the fire was given, he jumped into a quagmire and fell; the Indians, supposing that they killed him, ran past in pursuit of others. He soon extricated himself out of the mire, and so made his escape. He fell in with John Hough, and came into Wheeling.
John Whetzel and Kinzie Dickerson met in their retreat, and returned together. Those who made their escape were without arms, without cloth- ing or provisions. Their sufferings were great, but this they bore with stoical indifference, as it was the fortune of war.
Whether the Indians who defeated our heroes followed in pursuit from their towns, or were a party of warriors who accidentally happened to fall in with them, has never been ascertained. From the place they had stolen the horses they had traveled two nights and almost two entire days, without halt- ing, except just a few minutes at a time, to let the horses graze. From the circumstances of their rapid retreat with the horses it was supposed that no pursuit could possibly have overtaken them, but fate had decreed that this party of Indians should meet and defeat them.
As soon as the stragglers arrived at Wheeling, Capt. John McCullough collected a party of men, and went to Wills creek and buried the unfortunate men who fell in and near the camp. The Indians had mangled . the dead bodies at a most barbarous rate. Thus was closed the horse-stealing tragedy.
Of the four who survived this tragedy none are now living to tell the storv of their suffering. They continued to hunt and to fight as long as the war lasted. John Whetzel and Dickerson died in the county near Wheeling. John Hough died a few years since, near Columbia, Hamilton county, Ohio. The brave Capt. William McCullough fell in 1812, in the battle of Browns- town, in the campaign with General Hull.
CHAPTER III.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY.
From the beginning Guernsey county territory had belonged to Wash- ington county up to 1788, when it was included in what was organized as Muskingum county, in 1804. Prior to the adoption of the state constitution in 1 85 1, there was much agitation about a new county, to be formed out of parts of Guernsey, Tuscarawas and Coshocton, with New Comerstown as the county seat. But when the new constitution was adopted the issue was for- ever removed from the minds of the projectors of that scheme.
A word concerning the term "Military Land District" may not be out of place in this connection. The origin of this term is from the fact that in 1798 Congress appropriated certain lands to satisfy claims of the officers and soldiers of the Revolutionary war. These lands were surveyed into town- ships five miles square, and these again into quarter-townships, containing four thousand acres, and some later into forty lots of one hundred acres each, for the accommodation of soldiers and others holding warrants for that num- ber of acres. What land was not required for the satisfaction of military warrants was subsequently sold by act of Congress, and the designation of "Congress Land" given to it. In 1903 Congress granted to the state one- sixth of all the lands in the United States Military District for the use of schools in the same. As the population of the townships warranted, they were named, having previously been designated by numbers. In 1812 the legislature provided for a road from Cambridge to Coshocton. The Marietta and Cleveland road was completed at a later date.
The land district of which Guernsey count)- is a part was surveyed west of the seventh range, into townships of five miles square, and a quarter town- ship of two and a half miles square, between 1798 and 1804. Zaccheus Biggs, as deputy surveyor, made a part of the survey, and George Metcalf. then a young man. formed one of the surveying party. He was charmed with the locality and enthused many at his home with the idea of effecting set- tlement here, and he really prevailed upon Jacob Gomber, his father-in-law, and Zaccheus A. Beatty, brother-in-law of Gomber, to purchase a quarter of a township (four thousand acres), upon which the city of Cambridge is now situated.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 39
The survey of the land district was completed in 1804 and the land sub- ject to entry, from the land office at Zanesville, at two dollars per acre. Set- tlements were soon made in different parts of the county, as will be seen in the chapter on "Early Settlement," following this chapter.
By order of the Ohio State Legislature in 1809, a new county from por- tions of Belmont and Muskingum counties was formed and by its provisions it was called Guernsey in honor of the first emigrants from the isle of Guern- sey. Prior to that time — March 10, 1810, the actual dating of the bill — all territory which is now included in this county west of the eastern boundary of what is now Wills township, Madison township and Washington township, was a part of Muskingum county. East of the present townships of London- derry, Oxford and Millwood formed a part of Belmont county. April 23d, following, there was field a meeting at the house of George Beymer, at Cam- bridge, and there and then the first county commissioners were sworn into office for Guernsey county. They were James Dillon, William Dement and Absalom Martin. Elijah Beall was appointed clerk and John Beatty, treas- urer. Elijah Dyson was appointed lister of the residents of the newly made county, as being subject to taxation. Thomas Knowles was the first sheriff, George Metcalf, first surveyor, Peter Wirick, first auctioneer, and Joseph Smith, first coroner.
It was ordered that the new county be divided off into five civil town- ships to be called Oxford, Seneca, Wills, Cambridge and Westland. Much difficulty was experienced by reason of there being no map of the territory within the county just formed.
Tavern licenses were fixed at from four to ten dollars.
At the meeting of June 10, 1S10, a township, to be known as Buffalo, was ordered to be set off, and a meeting held at Jacob Jordon's on June 23d, that year, when township officers were duly elected.
Wheatland township was organized June 9, 1810. The same date An- drew Marshalf was awarded the contract to construct a county gaol or jail.
On July 28, 1810, a meeting was called to elect officers for a township to be called Richland and was held at the house of Samuel Leath; also one the same day for election of officers for Madison township at the house of Absalom Martin.
On September 15, 1810, Wheeling township was organized and two justices of the peace and other officers elected at a meeting at the home of William Gibson.
On September 4th of that year, there bad been held a meeting of the board, at which the bounty for every wolf-scalp of wolves over six months
40 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
that had been killed within the county, was fixed at two and one-half dollars and one dollar for those under six months.
On December 25. 1810, Robert Johnston became clerk. The Steuben- ville road was completed from Cadiz to Cambridge in 181 1 and in June that year Lloyd Talbott was awarded the contract to build, or rather superintend, the construction of a county court house, while Z. A. Beatty and Jacob Gom- ber were chosen as contractors to construct the same. The jail was com- pleted September 3, 181 1.
In March, 1815, Valley township was incorporated, at a meeting held at the house of William Thompson.
On June 3, 1816, it was ordered that a new township be made and named Jefferson ; this was taken from the west of Madison township. It was also, at that date, ordered that Londonderry township be formed from parts of Madison and Oxford; that Beaver township should be formed from parts of Seneca and Oxford townships ; also that Olive township should be set off from Buffalo township.
Monroe township was incorporated from the north end of Jefferson township, and township officials were elected at the house of Lawrence Tet- rick in April, 1818.
Knox township was formed from the northern end of Westland and the west end of Wheeling township.
On April 8, 18 19, it was ordered that the south row of sections in Wheel- ing township be added to Cambridge township.
Spencer township was set off from the west end of Buffalo township in March, 1819.
Liberty township was created in 1820; Centre township in 1822 and Washington in 1823.
In June, 1824, Jackson township was organized, and in 1827 Adams was taken off of Knox and Westland townships and named in honor of John Ouincy Adams, then President of the United States.
In 1 85 1. Buffalo, Beaver, Olive and Seneca townships Avere detached from Guernsey county, and since then have been included in Noble county.
. As soon as the townships were organized the county-seat question was agitated. Both Washington and Cambridge wanted the seat of justice. Messrs. Beatty and Gomber made a proposition to donate the public grounds and furnish a suitable set of public buildings ready to roof if the county seat should be located at Cambridge, and their offer was accepted. Several at- tempts have been made since the location of the county seat, to remove it to Washington, but of late years this talk has all ceased and with the present
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 41
city of Cambridge and the court house and jail so substantial, the question will probably never be before the people again.
After the above preliminary steps had been taken, it remained for the board of county commissioners to provide highways, bridges, and suitable buildings for the county, as its settlement increased. The chapter on "County, State and National Representation — Political" will inform the reader as to who the men were at the helm during all of the formative period of the county's development, and other chapters will show how well they laid the foundations. The government of this county is treated in the next chapter and there will be seen much of the county's building, its taxes and expend- itures to the present time. As the platting of towns and villages comes with the settlement of every new county organized, its surveyors and recorders have to execute these records, this topic naturally comes under the bead of organ- ization and will here follow the list of such town plattings :
TOWN PLATS OF THE COUNTY.
During the years of the county's history there have been many village, or town plats, executed in the various townships. Some are still in existence, but many have long since become defunct. The following is a complete list of all that have ever been platted, with date, location and name of the pro- prietors (township name at date of platting) :
Wheeling was platted by David Dull on the southwest quarter of the southeast quarter of section 14, township 4, range 3, in Wheeling township. It was surveyed April 24, 1874.
New Birmingham was platted in 1826, by William Carson, and was re- platted for assessment purposes June 14, i860; it was located on section 11, township 4, range 2.
Guernsey, in Cambridge township, in section 4, township 2, range 3, of the United- States military lands, was laid out by John Fordyce, J. W. Robins and Madison D. Robins, November 7, 1872.
New Gottengen, by Charles Heidelbach, on the "Clay Pike," in Richland township, May 13, 1836.
Winchester, on section 14, township 3, range 1, August 18, 1836. Its proprietor was Isaac Bonnell.
Elizabethtown, on the National turnpike, by Jacob Weller, in Wills town- ship, March 7, 1832.
Londonderry, by Robert Wilkins, August 19, 1815, in Londonderry township.
42 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Salesville was incorporated August 20, 1878. The original plat was surveyed in 1835, with George Brill as its proprietor.
Antrim, by Alexander Alexander, March 1, 1830, on lot 12, in the first quarter of township 3. range 1, of the United States military school lands.
Liberty, by William and John Gibson, on a part of the southeast quarter .if section 23. township 4, range 3, August 2, 1828.
Fairview, on the southeast quarter of section 2, township 10, range 7, by Hugh Gillaland, March 24, 1814.
Middleton, on the National pike, on the north half of section 31, town- ship to. range 7, September 1, 1827, by Benjamin Masters.
Hartford, September 26, 1836, by David Johnston and John Secrest, on the southeast quarter of section 4, township 8, range 9, in "Buffalo" town- ship.
Senecaville, on the banks of Seneca creek, in Richland township, by David Satterthwaite, July 18, 181 5.
Bridgewater, March 24, 1834, by William Orr, on the northwest quarter of section 25, township 2, range 7.
Portugal, November 14, 1833, by Levi Engle on the northwest quarter of section 3. township — , range 1.
Olivetown, on the southeast quarter of section 5, township 6, range 9, by John Wiley and Isaac Hill, September 27, 1815.
Craigsborough, on the west bank of Duck creek in the northeast quarter of section 4. township 6, range 9, by William Craig, February 26, 1818.
Zealand, on the northwest quarter of section 2J. township 9, range 10, by Benjamin Bay, June 21. 1820.
Williamsburg, in "Beaver township." on the southwest quarter of the south half lot 3, section 16, by William Finley, November 21, 1828.
Union, by Elijah Lowery and John Laughlin, May 4, 1812, on the south- east quarter of section 9, township 1, range 2. A part of this was donated to the county for court house purposes, should the seat of justice be located at that point.
Paris was platted on the southeast and southwest quarters of section 22, township 1, range 4, by William Hunter, December 24, 1S27.
Point Pleasant, at the junction of the Beaver and Seneca forks of Wills creek, on the northeast quarter of section 13. township — . range 8, by Benja- min Wilson. July 24. 1829.
Newburn, on section 22. "Beaver township," by Thomas Walsh, No- vember 27. 182S.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 43
New Liberty, on the southwest quarter of section 20, township I, range 3, by Richard Dickinson, October 17, 181 5.
Lexington, platted on the southeast quarter of section 24, and the north- east quarter of section 25, township 7, range 8, by Jacob Young and Jacob Myers, August 12, 1816.
Millwood, by Jonah Smith, on section 20, township 9, range 7, in "Beaver township," February 18, 1835. It is now Quaker City.
West Barnesville, by Ford Barnes, December 23, 1825.
Martinsburg, by John Bickham and James Welsh, May 17, 1816, in Madison township.
Kimbolton (same as old Liberty), in Liberty township, incorporated November 5, 1884.
Byesville, by a number of persons. It is located in Jackson township and was platted November 26, 1881 (as an incorporation), but the original platting had been executed on section 6, township 1, range 2, July 1, 1856.
Quaker City, on section 20, of Millwood township, was platted as Mill- wood by Jonah Smith in 1835.
Spencer Station is on sections 7 and 13, of Millwood township.
Mount Ephraim, in "Seneca township," platted June 29, 1838, by Eph- raim Vorhees, on section 33, township 8, range 8.
Kennonburg, in township 8, range 8, and in the east half of section num- ber 2. was platted by Daniel Rich and Arthur Vandyke, December 2, 1839.
West Boston, by Charles Phillis, December 3, 1836, on section 23, town- ship 1, range 4.
Putneyville, on the southeast of the northwest quarter of section 10, township 9, range 7, was platted by George W. Henderson, April 30, 1846.
Bailey's Mills, platted May 14, 1855. on section 1, township 9, range 7, by Jesse W. Bailey.
Bridgeville, by Washington Shoff, February 5, 1848.
Cambridge (City), original platting, by Jacob Gomber and Zaccheus A. Beatty. on June 2, 1806.
Washington, by George and Henry Beymer, September 28, 1805, at a time when this county was still a part of Muskingum county.
New Salem, by William Hosack, April 21. 1845, on tne Grade Road leading from Cambridge to the Ohio Canal.
Mantua, August 6, 1853, by Thomas P. Wilson and William P. Rose, on the northwest quarter of section 3, township 2. range 4.
Centreville, on the southwest quarter of section 5, township 2, range 2, by David Kinkead, August 31, 1842.
44 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Easton. in Washington township, by Alexander Frew, November 21, H842.
Florence, by Samuel Arbuthnot, September 12, 1842. on the Steuben- ville, Cadiz and Cambridge macadamized road.
Derwent, in Valley township, on a part of section 4, township 8, range 9, by Eliza Dickerson, August 10. 1898.
Rigby, on the northeast quarter of section 4, township 1. range 2, in Centre township, by Henry Moss, December 20, 1898.
Kingston, in Centre township, on the northeast quarter of section 3, township 1, range 2, by John H. Robins.
Lore City, June '8, 1903, in Centre township, on the Leatherwood creek.
Opperman, in Valley township, on the northeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 14, township 9, range 10, by Thomas Moore and wife, Aug- ust 28. 1903.
Fletcher. November 5, 1908, by J. B. Hamilton, A. E. Fletcher and B. V. Witten, on the west half of section 11. township 8. range 9.
Blacktop, on section 8, township 1, range 2, July 2, 1900, by M. L. Spaid.
Midway, on lot 35, township 1, range 3, in Jackson township, by Mike Stifka, October 31, 1904.
Greenwood, by Thomas Taylor, June 12. 1848.
Cumberland, by James Bay, on the northeast of section 32, township 9, range 10. April 24, 1828.
Claysville, on the west half of the southwest quarter of section 22, town- ship 1, range 4, by Ford Barnes, June 7, 1828.
There have been numerous villages — a small collection of houses and trading places with postoffices. besides the above, but were not regular plats. These include Hopewell, Londonderry, Winchester, Indian Camp, etc.
INCORPORATED TOWNS.
The incorporated towns of the county are: Cambridge (City), Salesville, Pleasant City, Cumberland, Quaker City, Byesville, Senecaville, Fairview, Kimbolton, Lore City, Washington, Hartford.
A LOST TOWN.
The first town laid out in Guernsey county, rightfully speaking, was on the old Zane trace, five miles to the east of Washington, on the northwest half of section 19, township 2, range 1. The proprietor, Joseph Smith, called the town Frank ford, but the records of Muskingum county, to which the
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 45
lands of this county then belonged, show the plat of a town named Frankby. and Frankley, recorded September 13, 1805 ; this makes the place twenty-three days older than Washington. Who Joseph Smith was and what became of him, no one seems to know. There being no record of the patent, it cannot be told Whether he entered or squatted on this land, but he evidently had some notion of building a town at the point named in the platting, for lot No. 5 was designated as having been "reserved for court house purposes." Lot No. 13 for gaol and "north spring, on lot No. 29, for the free use of the public square and all the commons on the south side of the same." But his hopes were soon to be blighted; the first cabin erected there was for a tavern, and whisky was so cheap that the advantages of the free spring water were not duly appreciated. All the pioneer townsite man received was the name "Smithtown," by which the site was ever after known. As late as 1870, a traveler named Cummings, who kept a diary, says therein: "August 8 — The stage being only to go fifteen miles, I left Cam- bridge on foot ; the first five miles were excellent road, over a long, very high range of hills, without a house, to Beymertown — twelve cabins, four being taverns, and one a blacksmith shop. Four and a half miles farther no in- habitants; the road is still good, but is leading over several high, short and steep ridges, which generally run from north to south. Then passing a cabin and farm, in a half mile I came to Frankford or Smithtown, where I break- fasted. This is a small village or hamlet of eight or ten cabins, some of which, as well as several in the neighborhood, are inhabited by families from Peekskill, New York.''
A record shows that in 1807 Smith and wife conveyed lot No. 20 to John D. Seiman for twenty-seven dollars and fifty cents. Other lots sold at forty dollars each.
In 1809. Andrew Moore, of New Castle, Delaware, became a resident of Frankford and owned a tavern that became somewhat noted, and there, in 1819, Gen. Robert B. Moore married the daughter of Jacob Gomber, took his bride to her new home, accompanied by a large company of friends from Cam- bridge, they going on horseback. William H. Farrar wrote of this many years later and it is "good history" today. In 1814, Smith and wife sold, for a consideration of two thousand dollars, the quarter section of land on which Frankford was platted to Jacob Gomber.
In 1846, at the October term of court, this platting was vacated and its history ended. Its once noted hostelry, that fed and rested many a wean- traveler, has long since disappeared ; its streets and alleys have been con- verted into a cow pasture, and its court house and jail sites appropriated to the growing of corn and potatoes.
CHAPTER IV.
EARLY SETTLEMENT OF THE COUNTY.
To have been in the vanguard of civilization and among the first persons to penetrate so goodly a domain as Guernsey county, Ohio, with the view of making permanent settlement, is an honor, though possibly such honor was never fully realized by Mr. Graham, who. it is believed now, was the first white man to invade the territory with the view of remaining and building for himself a permanent habitation, in what was then a great wilderness, which had only been explored by the Indian race and possibly a few white adventurers. The date of Mr. Graham's settlement was 1798 and he located where afterwards the watertank of the railroad stood in Cambridge. Doubt- less there were a few "squatters" who tarried for a short time within this county, as early as 1796, as it is claimed that Levi Williams had a son John born where Washington now stands. March 8, 1806, and that the father came in 1796, but of their experiences and future whereabouts no record now ex- ists. It should be remembered that Guernsey county now contains more than five times as many people as did the entire state of Ohio in 1798. when the Graham settlement was effected.
The southern part of Guernsey county was the first to be settled to any considerable extent and the first township to have a permanent settler was Cambridge. Pioneer Graham's cabin was the only house between Wheeling and Zanesville. Two years later, or thereabouts, came George Beymer. from Somerset, Pennsylvania, and these two persons kept a house of entertain- ment, and also a ferry for travelers on their way to Kentucky. In 1803 came John Beatty from Loudoun county, Virginia, and purchased the tavern which was on the "Zane Trace," which was a blazed path through the wilderness from Wheeling to Chillicothe, on the west bank of the Scioto river. Ebenezer Zane marked the path, and for his services received three sections of land at the crossing of the rivers — one on the Muskingum, one on the Hocking, and one on the north bank of the Scioto — with the right to run a ferry and toll bridge over the Ohio and Muskingum rivers. Zanesville was located on his section, at the crossing of the Muskingum, and from him it derives its name.
The various township histories in this volume will relate much of interest
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 47
concerning the settlement in different parts of Guernsey county, hence need not here be mentioned.
I luring the year 1805 the survey of the plat of Cambridge was executed and the first house built on that platting; it stood on what came to be the Shaw property, and was occupied by John Beatty. father of Zaccheus A. Beatty. More concerning this family and its settlement will be found in the city chapter of Cambridge. Also an account of many of the families, in- cluding those who emigrated from the beautiful isle of Guernsey, from which the county took its name, will lie given in detail in such chapter.
Wild animals abounded on every hand here when the pioneer band first invaded these parts. Bears, wolves, deer, etc., were very plentiful, ami both state and county paid a bounty of two dollars for wolf scalps.
The pioneering days in America are almost over, forever. The great public domain is fast being settled and developed, the lands being divided and sub-divided and prices steadily advancing, until ere long American real estate will be as high priced as in the old European countries. The modern pioneer disappears after the iron horse has made his way to the new, unsettled countries, whereas the first pioneers of our republic went in long years in advance of either steamboat or railroads, hewing their way through the dense forests and there subduing land, covered with stumps and roots, raising crops which, if there was a surplus, had to be drawn by oxen or horses many miles to market. These conditions have all been reversed; now the husband- man can raise his crops and sell at his very door and it is transported by steam or electric cars to points near at hand, where good prices richly repay him for his toil and investment — hence the happy, prosperous homes of the twentieth century in this country.
The first settlers had to cook their venison and other wild meats without salt, for there was none within many miles and cost much money when it could be obtained. AYhen this necessary commodity was brought, it came by way of pack-saddles over the mountains. It did not come by good highways such as obtain now. but over roads unbridged and for the most part unworked by man.
The first work of the pioneer was to clear away enough timber to make room for his cabin and a garden patch. After his cabin was raised, he set about cutting timber, hewing and splitting, while the good housewife busied herself by spinning, weaving and knitting. Nearly all the clothes worn by the
4<S GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
first comers to Guernsey county were home-made — made by the industry and genius of the mother, wife or daughters, while the "men folks" were busily engaged in the hard task of clearing up a field and fencing it.
The axman was ever employed. The rude log cabin, illy furnished, pro- vided their only shelter from summer's rain and winter's blasts. The fire- place was used for both cooking and heating; the andiron and blackened crane were then as essential as the modern heater or gas range is considered today. Puncheon were used for floors and shakes for shingles. Post bedsteads, with ropes for holding the straw or feather ticking, and the little trundle-bed at the side, were used instead of the present-day iron gilded beds and children's fancy cribs, with their silk and satin lined couches in which sleeps the twen- tieth-century infant; yet Presidents and statesmen have come from both the old fashioned and the new !
The log cabin has nearly become extinct, like the wild beast and bird that roamed and winged their way through the forests of this county a hundred years ago. In the place of the cabin of logs and the mud chimney at its end, have come the modern mansions and elegant farm-houses, all provided with suitable fixtures, even to steam heat and electric or gas lights.
Rude and homely was the cabin,
Beauty did not deck its hearth ; But the kettle sung a home-song.
And the birch logs crackled mirth. Its chambers were not high and spacious,
No marble stairway led to them, But, O, for a night of boyhood,
To climb the ladder once again.
The cabin sleeps in ruins.
The ivy from the roof has fled, The mould is its only monument.
All but memories sweet are dead. And as the years around us gather,
At life's end and eventide, We'll think then of the cabin
Down by the river's side.
The pioneers of this county desired an. education for their children, but rude indeed were the earlv dav school houses. Thev were constructed, like
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 49
all buildings, of logs, and poorly finished. In place of glass windows, usually an opening was left in the logs and over it was stretched a greased paper, which admitted enough light to allow the pupils, with their young, bright eyes, to see to study from the old United States Speller, Murray's Grammar and now and then consult the Western Calculator.
While the children of early-day Guernsey county were rocked in sugar troughs, fed on Johnny-cake, corn bread, and mush and milk, with wild meats, yet they grew to manhood and womanhood and have furnished their full share of brains and muscle for the carrying on of a county, state and nation, through three wars, and had time and genius enough to develop one of the best sub- divisions in the Buckeye state.
Clothing was made from buckskin, tow, linen or flax, manufactured at home by their own hands, unaided by modern machinery. Sometimes, the family being large, a traveling spinner might be engaged. He usually came along with his little spinning wheel and would generally do the spinning act at a "fipenny bit'' a dozen. Again, a journeyman tailor would call with his press-board and '•goose" to make up the home-spun cloth. These days are forever gone on this continent. A better era has come to mankind, but really do we as a people generally appreciate the transformation? There are those still among us — a very few — who remember those pioneer days and the scenes of seventy and eighty odd years ago. These have seen the thick jungle and denser forest fall and the sunlight allowed to strike full and brilliant on fields ripe with an abundant harvest; the hillsides are the scene of orchard and rich vintage, while the leaves are yet turning to amber and gold. These have seen the last of the Indian, the last of the wild game, the last of the log cabin. They have survived to see the wilderness blossom as the rose, with dwelling and churches and school-houses on every hand. Verily, the pioneer "builded better than he knew."
A WOUNDED DEER.
(From the Jeffersonian. Written by C. P. B. Sarchet, as told him by Joseph Culbert- son.)
Two old pioneers, Jim McClurg and John Dixon, were the noted deer hunters in the early history of Cambridge, and many were the thrilling and, at times, dangerous incidents told of their deer hunting experiences. They usually supplied venison saddles in the winter to the old taverns, and at
(4)
5'0 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Christmas and New Year's time to the citizens of Cambridge. .We will relate one of McClurg's experiences with a large buck.
He started one December morning from their cabin west of Cambridge on Crooked creek, on a deer hunt, with his trusty flintlock, smooth-bore gun, that carried a half-ounce ball which on shooting match days never failed to cut the centre of the "bull's eye." With hunting knife in his belt, he started for the dividing ridges between Indian Camp and big Sarchet's run. This would now be in Knox and Adams townships. After traveling through the woods for some time he sighted, in the distance, a large buck with large spreading antlers, but too distant for a shot. He followed it round and round over the ridges and through the valleys, only to discover that the buck was circling, making a circuit of five or six miles, and that when he would turn back it would scent him and cut across the circle. After putting in the day in fruitless pursuit, he returned home late at night, resolved to renew the chase the following day, taking with him his brother Joe.
They started early the next morning, and near noon they sighted the buck. They followed after it, and soon found it was playing the same game as on the previous day. McClurg directed his brother to the top of one of the hills, at a point where the buck, in cutting across the circle, would approach near enough for him to get a shot, while he himself followed the trail.
After some time, the buck, in crossing, scented Joe on the top of the ridge and turned back. It soon came in sight of McClurg. who secreted him- self behind a large tree to await its nearer approach. At quite a distance away it scented the hunter and for a moment it stopped. Although it was a long shot. McClurg fired and the buck fell. He hurried to the spot and, setting his gun against a tree, drew his knife and, seizing the buck by the antlers, was making ready to cut its throat, when it opened its eyes and began struggling to its feet. In the struggle the buck struck the hunter in such a way as to knock the knife out of his hand. McClurg, during the struggle, was unable to regain his knife, and a furious struggle for mastery began.
McClurg had a giant's strength, but was unable to hold the buck to the ground, and it was tearing off his hunting shirt and lacerating his arms and body. The buck finally got to its feet, but the hunter held on to its antlers, hoping that he would be able to hold the animal till his brother could arrive, who would hear the shot and hurry to him.
Hut Joe had a long distance to come. McClurg's strength was fast giv- ing away, but, having the buck in bis clutch, he could not think of giving up. It now seemed a life and death struggle. He concluded to let go. hoping that after such a fight the animal would make off, and if not he would seek safety in climbing a tree. So he let go, but the infuriated animal showed fight.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 5 1
McClurg ran for a tree, jumped to catch a limb, missed his hold, and the buck was again upon him.
It was once more a life and death struggle. He seized the buck by the horns, and by almost superhuman strength succeeded in throwing it to the ground, and the struggle again went on.
Soon Joe came to the scene, but it was some time before he could get a shot. He knew that if he shot and failed to kill the animal at once, it would only cause it to fight with greater ferocity, and perhaps not only endanger the life of his brother but his own life.
At last a favorable opportunity offered, and he sent a bullet through the heart of the buck and the struggle was over. He at once removed its entrails and hung the carcass upon a tree fork, out of the reach of wolves, and began the difficult task of getting his brother to shelter, as the night was upon them.
With much difficulty, sometimes leading and sometimes carrying his brother, he reached the home of Mr. Culbertson, where McClurg was kindly cared for and the next morning their host brought them to their home on Crooked creek.
Perhaps our long-time friend, Joseph Culbertson, of Adams township, will remember hearing this story of McClurg and the buck, told around the family fireside in the long ago.
McClurg kept the antlers of the buck nailed upon the wall of his cabin for many years, as a trophy. The buck, on first scenting McClurg, had thrown up its head and the shot, although penetrating the center of its forehead, had passed between the antlers and through the skull above its brain.
There are now no persons living who ate this venison ; but there was a large party who partook of it at a Christmas dinner at the Judge Metcalf tav- ern. McClurg never fully recovered from the effects of the fearful conflict. His nervous system had been overtaxed.
At the time of the first settlement there were several Indian camps, in this county, of the Wyandotte and Seneca tribes, that remained until just before the war of 1812.
It is related that one morning as Isaac Oldham was endeavoring to kindle the fire in his cabin, whilst upon his knees blowing the few remaining embers, an old Indian named Douty crept stealthily in upon him, caught him by the neck and raised the deadly tomahawk, ready to deal the fatal blow, but after holding Oldham in that position for some time, he released his hold, and re- marked, "Ingen let white man go: white man no let Ingen go," and left the cabin. This occurred just before the war of 1812. and after the larger por-
52 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
tion of the Indians had removed farther to the Northwest. It was always supposed that Douty intended to kill Oldham, before he left, for the loss of his hunting ground, which Oldham had entered and was occupying; but fear of being caught before he could overtake the rest of his tribe, it was thought, deterred him, and Douty came no more. Novelists have sought to portray the magnanimity and generosity of the Indian character, but the history of the attempt of the government to civilize, and of the missionary to enlighten, prove the Indian character to be one of cunning, treachery and revenge. His- tory points to them as being a part of the tribe of Ishmael, "whose hand is against every man, and every man's against him."
CHAPTER V.
COUNTY GOVERNMENT PAST AND PRESENT.
Here in Guernsey county, as in all other parts of the state, the business of the county has not at all times been conducted correctly. Here, as else- where, designing men and "grafters" have sometimes been the betrayers of tbe tax-paying people. Not always has value been received for the cash or warrants issued, but, all in all, there has been less of dishonor and misappro- priation of public funds here than in main- sections of the commonwealth of Ohio, in common with other states. However, it will not be prudent, at this late day, in a work of this character, to go into detail to any considerable extent, to show up these irregularities among public officials. Many of the officials elected here have proven to be men of great strength of integrity and have been repeatedly re-elected to the same, or higher positions, thus showing that the people had implicit confidence in them. In the main, business in the county has been conducted with honesty and ability. The public buildings have been erected, the hundreds of bridges have been built and repaired, or rebuilt, with the least possible expense. The unfortunate poor have been humanely cared for by the county authorities in the best manner and at the least possible expense for doing so delicate an undertaking. Counties, like nations and individual corporations, sometimes make mistakes and are the losers thereby, but here the rule has been to elect good, worthy men and they have succeeded in carrying on the finances of the county with a good degree of business sagacity and manly integrity.
The first officers of Guernsey county were as follows: County commis- sioners. James Dillon, ^Yilliam Dement and Absalom Martin; clerk, Elijah Beall; treasurer, John Beatty; lister of property, Elijah Dyson; sheriff, Thomas Knowles ; surveyor, George Metcalf ; coroner, Joseph Smith; auction- eer. Peter Wirick.
It devolved upon the commissioners to set off and organize into civil townships the county as it was made by the act of the Legislature, and this, with the making of pioneer roads and bridges, kept the board fully busy, and their work was well done, as a rule. The first township organizations had to be re-organized as the settlement increased, and hence came new township
54 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
work. The following is a list of the several township changes, with date of their organization :
ORGANIZATION OF TOWNSHIPS.
Bv an act of the Ohio Legislature, in the session of 1809-10. the follow- ing townships were erected : Oxford, Seneca, Wills, Cambridge and West- land. The county commissioners met April 23, 1810, to organize. Other townships were organized as shown below:
Millwood was organized in about 1835.
Wheatland was organized June 9, 1810.
Buffalo set off and election had June 23, 1810.
Richland, named and election held July 18, 1810.
Madison, named and election held July 18, 1810.
Wheeling, organized September 15, 1810.
Valley, organized March 25, 181 5.
Jefferson, cut from west end of Madison, June 3, 1816.
Londonderry, from parts of Oxford and Madison, June 3, 1816.
Beaver, from parts of Oxford and Seneca, June 3, 1816.
Olive, from Buffalo, June 3. 1816.
Monroe, from Jefferson, April, 1818.
Knox, from the north end of Westland and a part of Wheeling, March, 1819.
Spencer, from the west end of Buffalo, March, 1819.
Liberty, organized 1820.
Centre, organized 1822.
Washington, organized 1823.
Jackson, organized June, 1824.
Adams, organized 1827.
In 1 85 1, Buffalo, Beaver. Olive and Seneca townships were detached from Guernsey and made a part of Noble county.
THE COUNTY-SEAT QUESTION.
In 1872 the following appeared from the pen of a local historian, con- cerning the agitation and settlement of the Guernsey county seat question : The county seat question was then agitated for the first time ; and our Wash- ington friends renew it occasionally yet, by building castles in the air. At the formation of the county, Beymerstown. eight miles east, on the old Wheeling road, aspired to lie the shire town. The location was to be made by a com-
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 55
mittee appointed by the Legislature. After much log-rolling and lobbying, and a good deal of had blood engendered between the two rival towns, the proposition of Beatty and Gomber, to donate the public grounds, and finish the buildings ready for the roof, was accepted, and the following written upon the records of the county :
"That, having paid due regard to the interest and convenience of the inhabitants of said county, we do hereby declare that the town of Cambridge is the most suitable place for the permanent seat of justice.
Isaac Cook, James Armstrong, William Robinson, "April 20, 1810. Committee."
Jacob Gomber, Thomas B. Kirkpatrick and Robert Speers were appointed associate judges by the Legislature, and on the 23rd of April met at Tingle's tavern, and appointed the following county officers: Clerk of the court, Cyrus P. Beatty; sheriff, Elijah Dyson; prosecuting attorney, S. Herrick ; surveyor, George Metcalf; recorder, Robert Johnson; commissioners, Absolom Martin, William Dement. James Dillon.
THE FIRST COURT HOUSE.
At the time of the erection of the first court house, there was a careful selection of bright red brick for the south and east fronts. The entrance doors on the south and north were large double doors. They were circular top, and had circular transoms, with projecting hoods. The windows were large, and all had slatted shutters. The cupola, or belfry, was large and cir- cular, and had around it half-slatted panels, above which was the projecting roof of the tall spire, which was surmounted by two wooden balls and the weathercock in the shape of a fish. The pudlock holes, used in the scaffold- ing, had not been filled up. Pudlock holes are not now seen in the erection of brick buildings. A contract was let to John Blanpied to paint the spire, balls and vane, to paint the cupola and the window shutters and doors and repair the windows and fill up the pudlock holes. To do this work. Air. Blan- pied. who was a sailor boy. constructed a rope ladder and attached it to the top of the spire, and. suspended by it. he painted the balls, vane and spire. How well the writer remembers this little chubby Guernseyman suspended on the rope ladder as he moved around the tall spire ! The old court house was eighty-seven feet from the ground to the top of the spire. There are but few
56 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
of the citizens of Cambridge today who remember the tall spire and balls and vane of the old court house. This spire was struck by lightning April 22, 1854, and the court house, after it was repaired and remodeled, which would be familiar to many of the citizens of today, was altogether unlike the court house of 1 810.
This was the building that was built and donated (except the roofing) by Messrs. Beatty and Gomber, as an inducement to locate the county seat at Cambridge in 18 10. It served well its purpose until the building of the pres- ent court house. The county, of course, expended much on remodeling the first structure, as above indicated. The old building was the central scene of starting the county machinery going, and a few of the older residents are here who well remember the courts and interesting proceedings therein enacted. Fortunately, no fires have ever destroyed the valuable books of the county, yet many of the records have not been as carefully preserved as they might and should have been. Today, the system of records is materially better than in the olden days.
THE PRESENT COURT HOUSE.
The best account of the building and cost of the present court house is found in the files of the Cambridge Jcffcrsonian of 1883, and was written at the date the building was dedicated, reading as follows :
On Tuesday, September 11, 1883, the newly completed court house was opened for public inspection. There was a large meeting in the square, and many speeches were made and reports read. E. W. Mathews, chairman of the executive committee, announced that Hon. William Lawrence had been ap- pointed president of the day, and introduced him to the assembly. Mr. Law- rence made a short, timely speech, and was followed by Auditor Becker, who read the following statement of the cost of erecting the court house :
Cost of building $84,083.34
Furniture 4,557.00
Carpets 545-°°
Steam and gas fixtures 5,634.62
Bell 470.00
Plans and superintendence of building 4,313.00
Total for building and fixtures $99,602.96
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 57
Outside paving 1,586.16
Grading and improving lot 550-87
Cistern and sewer 770. 79
Total $102,510.78
Amount of bonds outstanding, the last of which
falls due July 15, 1887 $46,100.00
The court house was built by the board of county commissioners, whose representative, J. O. Grimes, spoke next. Mr. Grimes presented the report of the board, and recounted the preliminary steps toward building the new court house. He then read the resolution, as presented by Commissioner Roseman and adopted by the board on April 10, 1879. Messrs. Roseman and Lochary, he explained, voted for it. Mr. Reed was absent, but afterward endorsed the action. The Legislature, seeing the necessity of such a proceed- ing, passed a supplementary act, increasing a former appropriation of fifty thousand dollars to eighty-five thousand dollars.
The architect was J. W. Yost, of Bellaire, Ohio. The building com- mittee were as follows: Clerk Mahaffey, Judge Kennon, Sheriff McKitrick and Isaac Morton. Contracts were let, work commenced in the spring of 1881, and the structure was finished in September, 1883. During the entire construction, Patrick Lochary was a member of the board. Messrs. Rose- man and Reed were worthily succeeded by Messrs. Nicholson and Shipman. The largest contract was awarded to Mr. Townsend, who. with his able assistant, John Robinson, received public thanks.
Colonel Taylor, on behalf of the people of Guernsey county, made a stirring speech of acceptance, with many thanks to the commissioners, the contractors, the architects, to all who had in in any way assisted in or super- intended its construction, and was loud in his praise of the magnificent court house itselfr
In the afternoon, there were speeches by Capt. W. M. Farrar, who gave a short historical sketch of the old court house and the difficulties encountered in the building of the new. He was followed by Judge Ball, Judge Frazier and Hon. W. M. Ramsay, a prominent lawyer of Cincinnati, formerly of Guernsey county. The meeting concluded with a speech by Mr. Yost, the architect, who met with loud acclaim.
It is believed that the recent years" improvements on this court house — all needed, too — have made the structure and furnishings cost the county about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and that no such building for the outlay of public funds can be found in Ohio today.
t;8 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
THE COUNTY JAIL.
The first county jail was a rude log- building, that stood on the site of the present building. Near it stood the "public whipping post," the last real evi- dence of narrow-mindedness and uncivilized "civilization."
This log house stood and served until 1835, when a brick jail was erected on the site of the old one. For its day, it was ample, but with the art of jail- breaking and the better condition with which "boarders" at public expense desired to be housed and fed, it was condemned.
The jail now in use was built in 1871, at a cost of twenty-six thousand dollars, including the later additional iron work inside. It is forty feet square and is twenty-two feet high, supposed to be safe, but has frequently proven inefficient against the worst type of prisoners. Yet over fifteen hundred iron and steel bars were used in its construction. The sheriff's residence is in con- nection with the jail. The projecting towers, irregular walls and high tow- ers overhead and the mansard roofing present a good architectural appearance.
COUNTY INFIRMARY.
Nothing speaks more potently of the refinement and Christian sentiment of any community, than does its care for its unfortunate poor and demented persons. The great Master declared, "The poor ye always have with you," and this has continued to be true even until the twentieth century after Christ spoke these words. Ohio has never willingly neglected her poor, but. with the advance of years, has adopted many new and better means for caring for this unfortunate class. In 183 1, an act was passed creating what was then named the "poor house." In 1850 this was changed to "infirmary." In Guernsey county a county farm was purchased in September, 184 1, amounting to one hundred and sixty acres, to which was subsequently added thirty-two acres. This is the present county farm, and it is situated about two miles south of Washington; two and a half miles from Gibson station; two and three-quarters of a mile from Lore City. In 1841. on a beautiful knoll, there was erected a brick building, then thought sufficient for many years, but by [859 it had become too small to accommodate the poor of the county, and a new, larger building was erected, in addition to the original one. Still later more additions were made.
The last official report of this institution shows the following: The total number of inmates was fifty, of whom twenty-eight were men and twenty- two were women. Above what the farm itself produced, the cash cost to the
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 59
county For the maintenance of this infirmary was three thousand one hundred
and thirty .hilars.
In August, 1S71, at the county infirmary there was an insane man named John W. Berry, of Liberty township, and because there was no jail in repair at that time in the county, he was sent to the infirmary for safe keeping in one of the cells intended for demented persons. The infirmary superintend- ent, or director. Mr. McCormick, was away from home at the time and his wife and son were in charge of the institution. The following morning he hurst the cell door and escaped into the hall-way. and with a slat of wood (sharp cornered) he killed Robert Richey, aged eighty years, a sound-minded person, and Agmes Kimball, an insane person aged forty years. He was finally overpowered and chained to the floor until he could he safely taken charge of.
THE CHILDREN'S HOME.
Another humane institution of this county is the Children's Home. This is now located in the city of Cambridge and cares for many of the county's unfortunate children, especially orphans and those whose full parentage is unknown to the world. Before the state made a provision for such institu- tions. Rev. J. H. Nash established a home for such children. The old Met- calf building, west of the city, was employed by him for a building, but as the institution became a charge of the state and county under the new- provisions. a more suitable, permanent home was sought out. The present site in the very heart of the city, on the high, commanding hill to the east, on the point or ridge extending between Highland and Wheeling avenues, was purchased from a non-resident for the small sum of twenty-five hundred dollars and within a few years would easily have sold for as many thousand dollars. Here the county erected the present beautiful home in 1886. It fronts on Highland avenue and is surrounded by large shade trees and a circling walk and drive-way in front. The first building expense was seventeen thousand dollars.
The report of the worthy superintendent. Airs. J. S. Prouse, for 1909-10, shows the following: Total number of children cared for during the year, sixty-two, forty-three boys and nineteen girls ; one absconding during the last year from the home. The current expenses for the year was $6,633. The condensed statement to the county authorities shows that the provisions pur- chased cost the county. $1,271; groceries. $567; clothing, $160: light and fuel, $551 ; feed, $516; shoes, $190; salaries, $2,526; schooling, $220; making a total of $7,526.
60 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Rev. T- H. Nash, a United Presbyterian minister, was the first superin- tendent and served both in the old and new quarters, resigning in October, 1887. He was followed by J. S. Prouse and he was succeeded by his wife, the present superintendent, in March, 1906.
The present (1910) board of trustees are: D. M. Hawthorne, president, Cambridge; C. S. Turnbaugh, Cambridge; Maj. J. W. Moore, Washington; Samuel Carr. Guernsey.
The county visiting board is as follows : Mrs. E. W. Mathews, Mrs. T. C. Clark, Mrs. Johnston, Lore City; Henry Wilson, Byesville; James Dyer.
A FIVE-YEAR RECORD.
When County Recorder Arnold left the office in 1909, he kindly left the following record of instruments filed and the fees for same. He made an efficient officer and turned over to Guernsey county one thousand two hundred dollars in fees due the county. The list he gives covered a period of five years :
Deeds recorded 7*665
Total consideration $8,181,246
Acres transferred 141,879
Lots transferred 6,665
Leases recorded 665
Acres leased 31 ,609
Mortgages recorded 4,206
Total consideration $7,059,342
Mortgages released 3.204
Total consideration $2,963,026
Chattel mortgages filed !-576
Chattel mortgages refilecl 1,380
Mechanic's liens recorded 114
The following was the rate of taxation on each hundred dollars worth of taxable property in Guernsey county, in 1837: State and canal tax. forty cents; county school tax. fifty cents; road tax, twenty-five cents; township and poor tax. thirty cents; total average on a hundred dollars of assessed valuation, one dollar and thirty cents.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 01
AN ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT BY TOWNSHIPS FOR THE YEAR 1835.
Total Amt. Each Twp. as Equalized.
Beaver $25,131
Oxford 33469
Londonderry 36,636
Washington 19,166
Madison 20,200
Wills 36,584
Richland 46,894
Buffalo 18,633
Jackson 18,392
Centre 18,498
Jefferson 14,612
Monroe 12,902
Wheeling 7,675
Liberty 13.515
Cambridge 33-434
Spencer 23,223
Westland 27,032
Adams 19,201
Knox 5.396
Total $430,593
ABSTRACT OF ASSESSMENT FOR I9IO.
Acres. Valuation. Personal. Total Tax.
Adams Township I5-9I6 $222,900 $91,126 $315,786
Cambridge Township 18,428 288,870 171.634 475,914
Centre Township 15,212 303,720 183,334 504,049
Jackson Township 10.083 3°5-4I5 95-333 400,784
Jefferson Township 16,083 177,600 56,070 233,670
Knox Township J5.854 186,480 59.483 245,963
Liberty Township 13,662 i53-l85 89,474 244,279
Londonderry Township .... 22,586 328,835 94.926 462,846
Madison Township J5-359 J83.685 77-195 27I>575
Millwood Township 15.058 189.685 134,271 236,381
62 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Monroe Township !5.942
Oxford Township i'8-I93
Richland Township I5»545
Spencer Township '7-43-
Valley Township T 3-762
Washington Township 1 5,335
Westland Township J 5.978
Wheeling Township J9o77
Wills Township 22,199
Byesville
City of Cambridge
Fairview
Kimbolton
Lore City '
Pleasant City
Quaker City
Salesville
Senecaville
Washington
185,890
55420
252,410
222,085
71.498
300,028
319,830
110.450
431.415
235410
53.986
290,550
290,105
180,163
549483
170,100
25.635
193.735
197-595
116,956
3 1 7,000
422.400
138,884
303.654
275,960
100,176
777-000
125,570
500,000
859.112
3,449,972
27-930
57.535
23.741
52,901
4.981
17.761
43.700
126.000
94.486
290,301
20,743
33413
36,988
"5.573
36.136
71.051
Total 328,200 $5,707,055 $3,747,959 $12,687,324
TREASURY DEFALCATION.
The files of the Teffer sonian, in 1879. give the following paragraphs, with much more, on the defalcation of County Treasurer Patterson, and his final conviction and sentence :
"The bondsmen of ex-Treasurer Patterson had a meeting in Adams township, on last Thursday, to consider, amongst other things, what course should be pursued as to persons 'who received public money from Patterson while he was treasurer. At this meeting committees were' appointed to wait upon those persons who are known to have received public monies from Pat- terson and ask that the sums be repaid to the bondsmen, to reduce the sum to be paid by them on the judgment against them in the common pleas court. Each committee consists of three persons, but we have been unable to get the names of those selected for this duty."
MORE ON THE TREASURY DEFALCATION.
"The committees appointed at a recent meeting of the bondsmen of late Treasurer Patterson, in Adams township, have performed the duties placed
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 63
upon them and have called upon the several persons who received public
money from Patterson, and requested its repayment. The sums thus de- manded to be returned aggregate, so far as we have learned, about three thou- sand six hundred dollars. Each of the persons to whom application was made took the matter under advisement, but paid nothing. The conclusion with some of them was that they would pay hack if they had to do so, or if they discovered it was just and right to pay they would do it. At this writing the matter is still under advisement by the parties interested. A committee from the bondsmen also waited upon the county commissioners at their recent meet- ing and asked to be released from the interest and penalty on the judgment rendered against them at the May term of the common pleas court. Their petition was placed on file for consideration." — Jeffersonian, August 14, 1879.
PATTERSON PLEADS GUILTY !
"After the conclusion of the civil business and some minor criminal mat- ters at the adjourned term of court on the 14th inst., the case of Ohio vs. John D. Patterson was called. The prosecuting attorney said to the court that the defendant waived arraignment and plead guilty. The counsel for Patterson, Messrs. White and Campbell, confirmed the statement. To the question as to what did he have to say why the sentence of the law should not be passed on him, he replied nothing.
"Mr. White said that the court had full knowledge of the facts and cir- cumstances surrounding the whole case, and that upon his mercy and judg- ment defendant relied.
"Prosecuting Attorney Steele then said to the court that this was a case which did not, in his opinion, require the full sentence of the law; that the defendant had plead guilty and also was not guilty of the other crime — perjury — arjd that he was not in any of the transactions seeking" to make money. He had nothing. He and his family had given up everything fully. He was not charged with maliciously and feloniously appropriating money and he had furnished the facts necessary to the administration of justice, in the conviction of another, and he would be glad to see the court exercise the leniency which the defendant was entitled to under these considerations. He owed this to justice in the discharge of his official duties.
"The court, in a long and stirring summing up of the case, pronounced sentence as follows :
" 'It is the sentence of this court that you ( Patterson) be taken hence to the penitentiary and there confined at hard labor for the term of three years;
64 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
that you pay double the sum named in the indictment and the costs of this prosecution. The taking of public money is a moral crime.' " — Jeffersonian, August 21, 1879.
Treasurer J. A. La Follette's defalcation was another spot of official cor- ruption on the pages of this county's history. He was found guilty of em- bezzling funds to the amount of about four thousand dollars, and was sen- tenced to a term in the state penitentiary. Fifty days were allowed for an ap- peal and he was allowed bonds and moved to Gary. Later, he was denied a new trial in November, 1910, by the circuit court. The sentence given him was five years in the penitentiary and to pay the costs of the case and twice the amount of his embezzlement. Verily, the way of the transgressor is hard.
LAFAYETTE TEMPLE.
ELIAS D. STONE.
I
WILLARD B. JOHNSTON.
#
CARSON B. DAVIS.
CHAPTER VI.
TOLITICAL COUNTY, STATIC AND NATIONAL REPRESENTATION.
While it is not the province of this work to go into any great detail as to the various political movements within Guernsey county and the many heated campaigns that have exercised the minds of the voters, it may not be without profit, for the present and future, to make some plain statements regarding the votes at important dates, speak of the more exciting political campaigns, and especially to give as complete a list of the county, state and national repre- sentation for Guernsey county as the illy-kept election records will permit.
In 1824, Henry Clay received three hundred and forty-six votes, Andrew Jackson, two hundred and forty-five votes, and John Ouincy Adams, fifteen votes for President of the United States, in the thinly settled county of Guern- sey.
THE CAMPAIGN OF 184O.
The campaign of 1840 was the first in which the two opposing parties were united in their choice of partisan candidates. This campaign will be handed down as the traditional one in the political history of this nation. The first Whig national convention at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, was held in December, 1839. Before this convention were presented as candidates Gen. William Henry Harrison, Gen. Winfield Scott and Hon. Henry Clay. After a session of three days, General Harrison was chosen as the candidate. Gen- eral Scott and Henry Clay pledged themselves to give earnest support to the candidates nominated. This great uprising of the people at once began to shape the course of events that were to give to the country a campaign un- equaled for monster meetings, doggerel verse and carnival pomp. Webster said in his great speech before the convention, "Every breeze says change." The Democrats charged Harrison with having been born in a log cabin, living on corn bread and hard cider, and being an "old granny." The Whigs made use of all these charges to stir up the people. Harrison became the log-cabin candidate and the cider-barrel, the coon skin and the cabin door latch-string and cabins adorned every procession, and the songs of "Tippecanoe and Tyler
CO
66 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Too" were heard throughout the length and breadth of the land. The great ball rolled on, getting bigger and bigger, with the chorus :
" 'Tis the ball a rolling on, For Tippecanoe and Tyler too. With them we'll beat little Van."
The Whig central committee stirred up the woods of old Guernsey as never before nor since, making the great mass meeting at Cambridge on the 12th of September, 1840, the largest ever gathered by any party, taking into consideration the country population at that time. They came from east and west, north and south, and returned to their homes singing:
"What has caused this great commotion,
Motion, motion, our country through ? It is the ball a rolling on, for
Tippecanoe and Tyler too."
We copy from the Guernsey Times, of January 4, 1840, the following as a part of the proceedings, issued under a call of the central committee, for the organization of a county "Tippecanoe club." The meeting was organized by calling Naphtali Luccock to the chair, and appointing Richard Hatton and Lambert Thomas secretaries. This meeting was held on the first day of January, 1840, at which delegates were appointed to the Whig convention, to be held in Columbus, Ohio, February 22, 1840.
Naphtali Luccock, who is second on the list of the Whig central com- mittee of 1840, was born in England, and received an education at Cambridge College, and was apprenticed to John Blacket, grocer and iron monger, Cheap- side, London. After serving out his apprenticeship he emigrated to America in 1 82 1, stopping for a time in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Where he engaged in the commission business. In 1824 he joined the moving tide that was pressing out into the new west, and settled in Wooster, Wayne county, Ohio, and later at Coshocton and Plainfield, where he opened a general country store. In 1830 he removed to Liberty, Guernsey county, where he continued as a country merchant and farmer until he turned his large business over to his two sons, Thomas S. and Samuel W., in i860. Naphtali Luccock was a typical Englishman, of good family, and had rubbed against the squalor and slum in Cheapside and other marts of the city of London, so that as a natural- ized citizen of this republic, he was active in all that tended to advance the people in morals, religion and politics. During his long business life at Lib- erty, he stood before the public as a model business man, honored and re-
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. C)~
spected by all. He was twelve years a justice of the peace, and the first post- master at Kimbolton. When the office was established, Liberty was proposed as the name for the postoffice, but the department ordered that another name be chosen, there being at the time too many Libertys in Ohio. Mr. Luccock gave it the name of Kimbolton, after his ancestral home in Huntingdonshire, England. He took a first and active part in the formation of the Methodist Episcopal church at Liberty, which was an off-shoot from the Cambridge church, through the labors of Christian Wyrick and Hamilton Robb, local preachers. Naphtali Luccock was the first class leader and continued a leading member throughout his life. Two of his grandsons are preachers of the Methodist Episcopal church and one a preacher of the Presbyterian church, and his son, Hon. T. S. Luccock, is a retired minister of the Methodist Epis- copal church. In the family there is a copy of Fox's "Book of Martyrs," handed down from 1537. This is evidence of their religious training.
Naphtali Luccock was the Whig candidate for representative in 1849 anc^ was defeated by Matthew Gaston, Democrat. This was the year of the new county craze which passed over Ohio, defacing the heretofore county bound- aries that were made with some little regard to symmetry and parallel lines. into the present zig-zags of many counties ; notably among these are Guern- sey, Monroe, Morgan and Washington, sliced up and sawed up to form that monstrosity of a county that was to be called Noble. In this craze, Guernsey was to be fleeced on every side, and every little town, north, south, east and west, wanted to be the county seat of a new county. There was Cumberland county on the east, with Fairview as the county seat. On the strength of this new county, a paper was started at Fairview by the late John Morton, Esq. On the south, Hon. Isaac Parrish wanted Orange, with Sharon as the county seat. On the west, New Concord was to be the county seat of a new county, and Bloomfield and Otsego vied with each other as to which should unfurl the flag of shirehood. On the north, old Senator William Scott wanted a county of Chester. And "On, Stanley, on ! Charge, Chester, charge !" went this battle of new counties. This was the time of "roorbacks." "Look out for roorbacks !" was the cry in every paper. Charges were made in one sec- tion, and counter-charges in another, but there seemed to be nothing at issue except new counties. Mr. Luccock, too honest to be an intriguer, making no pledges to either quarter, was defeated. The county at that time was very close. Another question came into this campaign that had its effect in the defeat of Mr. Luccock, the slavery question. The Sheppard family, with which Mr. Luccock was connected as a relative, had removed from England to South Carolina, and became the owners of slaves. Upon this question he
68 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
was known as a very conservative man. In 1848, General Taylor, in his celebrated Captain Allison letter, had said: "I am a Whig, but not an ultra Whig!" So Mr. Luccock was a conservative Whig, and had at one time ex- pressed himself, that if he were in the South, he would be the owner of slaves. This, no doubt, came from the relationship existing between himself and the Sheppard family in South Carolina, and was drawn, perhaps, from their paint- ing the beauties of slavery.
This came to the ear of John B. Mitchell, of Liberty township, then a leading free-soiler and a man of veracity, who published the statement over his own signature, and the Free-soilers and Democrats used it with great effect against Mr. Luccock, who would not or did not deny the statement. Tom Corwin had but a few years before made the mistake of his life, when he said, "Were I a Mexican," etc. So this, from a Northern standpoint, was a mis- take. But who among us can say that if born and reared under the influences of slavery, that we would not have been its zealous advocates? Naphtali Luccock died in 1868.
ORIGIN OF TERM "HARD CIDER AND LOG CABIN CAMPAIGN."
In 1840, the Baltimore Republican, a prominent Van Buren paper, speak- ing sneeringly of Gen. William Henry Harrison, said : "Give him a barrel of hard cider, and settle a pension of two thousand a year, and our word for it, he will sit the remainder of his days contented in a log cabin." Hence has come the much-used and well-known term "Log Cabin and Hard Cider Cam- paign of 1840."
NOTES ON THE CAMPAIGN OF 1 844.
The following, written by the author in 1894, in the Jeffersonian, is con- sidered good history in this connection :
After the result of the election in 1844 was known to be Democratic in the election of James K. Polk, President, the Democratic leaders in Cambridge fixed a day for a general demonstration of joy over the victory of Polk and Dallas. The headquarters were still at the United States Hotel, kept by John A. Scott. There were at that time an old six-pound cannon, that had been used during the militia muster days by an artillery company at Cambridge. This cannon was common property, and was used on public occasions of re- joicing by the citizens. At a jollification by the Democrats in 1842, over the election of Wilson Shannon as governor, some Whig succeeded during the excitement in spiking the cannon, which stopped that part of the program.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 69
This spike, a rat-tail file, was afterward drilled out by A. W. Beatty, Esq., who claimed that a war with England was in the air, and that the cannon must be made ready for the defense of our frontier from northern invasion. At the demonstration in 1844, the cannon had been kept under guard for several days by the Democrats, for fear the Whigs would play the 1842 game again. It was hauled into the field, now Gaston addition, and unlimbered and made ready for use. Its boom, reverberating up and down Wills creek, announced the Democratic victory. As the firing went on, the enthusiastic cannoneer became more jubilant, and kept increasing the charges as the num- ber of Democratic states were one by one counted in the victor's boom. When it came the time to give the boom for Tennessee, the home of the President- elect, the cannoneer put in an extra heavy charge, ramming it down well with wads of dog fennel. Just before the match was to be. applied, a cry of "fight" was heard, and the crowd hurried to the fight, leaving the cannoneer in charge. The match was applied, and the old cannon gave its last boom. The frag- ments of the cannon and carriage filled the air, flying in every direction. Alvin Maxfield, the cannoneer, reaching over one of the wheels to apply the torch, was unhurt, although the wheels were torn to splinters and the tire thrown hundreds of feet away. The fight drew the crowd away from the cannon, and no doubt saved many from being killed or wounded. The fight was not a political one, although the parties were a Whig and a Democrat. Walter Carr and John Clark were the belligerents. Carr was a shoemaker, and Clark charged him with taking some of his leather he had left at his shop. The fight Was one of advance and retreat, chasing each other up and down the alley, consuming a good deal of time and creating a good deal of fun for the onlookers, but there was no blood drawn, or blows struck, except beating the air. It was a war of words and feints.
OLD-TIME FLAG POLES.
The author published in the Cambridge Times in 1896, the following concerning early flag-poles in this county, and the same will be here repro- duced :
The first political flag pole raised within the memory of the writer was in 1838 by the Democratic party. From the top of this pole floated to the breeze a banner inscribed, "Wilson Shannon and Bank Reform." This pole was a hickory, and the top branches were left on it. It was perhaps fifty or sixty feet high. It was located in the public square, east of the present Shaffner block. The pole raising was fixed for Saturday, and a general call
7°
crKRXSEV COUNTY, OHIO.
was issued for the Democrats of the county to be present and give a lift for Democracy and "sound money." After the pole was raised the crowd was addressed by the Hon. Isaac Parrish, candidate for Congress, and Doctor Drake, an Irish stump orator from Zanesville, Ohio. He was known as the progressive Democrat, as one of his chosen sentences in all his speeches was, "Democracy is Progressin'." Somebody had attempted to paint on the flag an eagle in flight. The Whigs pronounced it a turkey buzzard, the carrion bird, fit to represent the rottenness of Wilson Shannon and "Bank Reform." These were the days of bitter political battles, and neither party was very choice in words. When the Democrats of Cambridge arose on Sunday morn- ing, expecting to see their proud banner of reform floating on the quiet zephyrs of the day of rest, their dismay was unbounded when they beheld their pole bored down, and their banner trailing against the side of the Shaffner house opposite. Some Whigs in stealth and darkness, beyond the "wee sma' hours ayont the twath," had laid low the buzzard and reform.
The next pole raising was by the Whigs in 1840. A large poplar pole, more than one hundred feet high, was prepared, and a call issued for the Whigs of the county to assemble at Cambridge, Ohio, on the day fixed, to give a "lift at the Tippecanoe pole raising." The place selected was in front of the old court house. The hole in "which the pole was to be planted was dug the night before by Alfred H. Tingle, father of Alfred H., the McKinley Club chairman of Cambridge. This hole was guarded through the night for fear some Democrats would fill it up, and the pole was under like guard for fear the Democrats would cut it up. When morning came, load after load of Whigs came in, singing the old rally song of the 22d of February -con- vention :
"We marched through the streets of Columbus, And bravely we trod the mud through,
But none of us cared for the weather, True soldiers of Tippecanoe."
At the appointed hour the pole began to rise. A block and tackle was made secure to a strong beam across the north door, and another was secured to the south door, to carry the rope when the latter was properly adjusted to the pole, the slack being to the south. At the word of command, given by Gen. James M. Bell, the hundreds of stalwart Whigs, arranged two and two along the rope, moved toward the south, and with the aid of pike poles, forks and guy ropes, the pole soon stood erect. With pulleys and cord, the banner, with the names of Harrison and Tyler, was soon flapping to the breeze, and
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 7 I
above all, from a long streamer made out of American silk, floated, "Protec- tion to American Manufacturers." Speeches were made by General Bell, Major Evans, Samuel and John Lindsey, William Lindsey, St., Moses Sar- chet, Colonel Lofland, Matthew Thompson, and others sang:
"What has caused this great commotion,
Motion our country through?
Is it the ball a rolling on
For Tippecanoe and Tyler too ?
And with them we'll beat little Van,
Van, Van, is a used up man."
John Lindsey had charge of the flag, and on nice days the flag was flung to the breeze. And when September came, and Vermont voted, the banner went up. When "Maine went h — 1 bent for Governor Kent," the banner went up. But there came a time before the November election when the banner didn't go up. Some Democrats, in retaliation on the Whigs of 1838, cut the flag rope and stole it away. And "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" went up no more. But Harrison and protection triumphed at the election just the same.
THE CIVIL WAR PERIOD.
The political complexion in Guernsey during the Civil war period is best told by the following Republican majorities:
In 1862. the state ticket of this party was carried by 156 majority; in 1863, by 597; in 1864, by 706; in 1865, by 650, and in 1866, by a majority of 790.
In 1859, the vote on governor in Guernsey county stood: Rufus P. Ranney (Democratic candidate), 1.663; William Dennison (Republican), 2,103; totai< 3./66.
In 1861, David Tod (Republican) was the recipient of 2.262 votes as against Hugh J. Jewett, 1.968.
In 1863, C. L. Vallandigham (Democratic) was the defeated in this county by more than one thousand votes, John Brough being the Republican nominee.
In 1865, Jacob D. Cox (Republican) received 2,503 votes, as against George W. Morgan (Democratic nominee for governor), 1,853.
In 1867, Allen G. Thurman (Democrat) received 2,052 votes, while Rutherford Hayes (Republican) received 2,549 votes.
In 1868, U. S. Grant received 2,743 votes as against 1,949 for Horatio Sevmour for President, Grant beina: elected.
■J2 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
A VISIT TO m'kINI.EY.
The following is extracted from the Cambridge Times of August 6. 1896:
Friday, July 31, 1896, was the day set by the Grand Army of the Repub- lic post of Cambridge to pay a visit to ex-Governor McKinley at his home in Canton. The day dawned bright and clear, and about two hundred and twenty-five ladies and gentlemen boarded the train, and others joined them throughout the county. The visitors were met at the depot by a reception committee, a squad of Canton troops, members of George D. Harter and Can- ton Posts, and the McKinley Drum Corps, and were escorted to the McKin- ley home. After well-rendered selections by the United Order of American Musicians, Band of Cambridge, H. S. Moses, commander of George D. Har- ter Post of Canton, introduced Col. J. D. Taylor to Major McKinley as the spokesman for the delegation.
After an appropriate and stirring speech by Colonel Taylor, Rev. W. H. McFarland, chaplain of the Ninety-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, spoke briefly. There was vociferous and hearty cheering as Mr. Mc- Kinley rose and spoke as follows :
"Col. Taylor, Doctor McFarland, My Comrades and Fellow Citizens : It gives me great gratification to receive this call from my old friends and neighbors and fellow citizens of Guernsey county. I have made many visits to your county in years gone by, and know most of you personally. I know something of the quality of your population. I know something of the spirit of your people. I know something of your loyalty and devotion to the Union in war, and I know much of your loyalty and devotion to patriotism and good government in peace [cheers] and knowing you as well as I do know you, I am certain that neither flood nor fire would stop you from doing what you proposed to do. [Laughter and applause.]
"I am glad to meet the representatives of labor who are assembled here this morning. I congratulate them upon the advance that has been made in the tin-plate industry, to which Colonel Taylor has referred. I am glad to know that Republican legislation gave to this country an industry that gives work and wages to American workingmen. and brings happiness to American homes. [Great cheers and applause.]
"I am glad, my fellow-citizens, to meet my old comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic [applause], my comrades of thirty-five years ago, for the war commenced thirty-five years ago, and it is nearly thirty-two years since its close. It seems not so long, nor so far away, but as I look into the
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. JT,
faces of the old soldiers before me today, I see that age is stamping its lines of care upon them. Their step is no longer as firm and as steady as it was thirty-five years ago, but their hearts are just as loyal to the old flag of the Union. [Tremendous cheering.] And they are just as loyal to national honor today, as they were loyal to national unity then. [Applause.] When the war closed, there were two great debts resting upon this government. One was the debt due to the men who had loaned the government money with which to carry on its military operations. The other debt was due to the men who had willingly offered their lives for the preservation of the American union. [Cheers.] The old soldiers waited on their pensions until this great debt of the government was well out of the way. They waited patiently until the government of the United States had reduced nearly two-thirds of that great money debt. The old soldiers were never in favor of repudiating that debt. [Applause.] They wanted every dollar of the debt paid in the best coin known to the commercial world [great applause] and every dollar of that debt up to this hour has been paid in gold or its equivalent, the best recog- nized money in the world [cheers], and every dollar of that debt, my com- rades, yet to be paid, will be paid in the same unquestioned coin. [Tremen- dous cheering.] Most of that debt is out of the way. The great debt of this government now is to the surviving soldiers of the republic. [Applause.] There are nine hundred and seventy thousand pensioners on the honored pen- sion roll of this government today, and the government pays out of its public treasury in pensions over one hundred and forty million dollars every year to the soldiers and sailors, their widows and their orphans. Every dollar of that debt must be paid in the best currency and coin of the world. [Great cheers, and cries of "The Republican party will see to that."] There is nobody more interested in maintaining a sound and stable currency than the old soldiers of the Republic [applause, and cries of "You are right, Major"], their widows and their orphans. Your old commander, General Grant [applause], whose memory is cherished by all of you, performed two great and conspicuous acts while President of the United States, one vetoing the inflation bill, that would have cast us upon a sea of depreciated currency, and the other was the sign- ing of the act for the resumption of specie payments that placed every dollar of money upon the sound foundation of financial honor and unquestioned na- tional honesty."
The applause following these remarks was overpowering. Imbued with emotion, his hearers cheered lustily, and broke into cries of "You are right, you are right !"
74
CI'EKXSEY ail'XTV, OHIO.
In conclusion. Mr. McKinley said :
"I thank you. my fellow-citizens, for this call, so expressive of your good will and congratulations, and assure you that it will afford me much pleasure to meet each one of you personally." [Applause and cheers.]
The train arrived in Cambridge at 8.30 P. M., every one delighted with the pleasant visit.
DIFFERENT VOTES ON PROHIBITION.
With the passing of the decades, the voters of Guernsey county have fre- quently been called upon to express their views at the polls regarding the question of selling or allowing the sale of intoxicating liquors within the county. Among such elections may be named the following: In 1851, a vote was taken to determine whether a state constitutional amendment should be added, prohibiting the sale of liquors. In Guernsey county the vote was, for license, one thousand two hundred and ninety-eight; against license, one thousand seven hundred and twelve. The majority in all the townships was one hundred and nineteen for license; five hundred and thirty-three against license. Temperance was not popular then.
In 1883 the sentiment had materially changed and there was a total vote of four thousand two hundred and three for prohibition in the county. In 1894 there were four hundred and sixteen votes cast for the temperance candi- date for President of the United States, out of a grand total of six thousand votes cast in the county.
The issue was up again throughout the state in 1908, when Guernsey county voted "dry" by a vote in October that year, of two thousand one hun- dred and forty-five to one thousand three hundred seventy-five "wet," since which time the county has been practically saloonless.
Ohio has furnished her share of Presidents of the United States. From this commonwealth have come the following men who were born here and finally elected to the highest office within the gift of the people: William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison (grandson). William McKinley, Jr., Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield and General U. S. Grant. All but Grant and Harrison were citizens of Ohio at the time thev were elected.
Of the delegates who helped frame the various state constitutions of Ohio, William Lawrence and Robert Leech came from Guernsey county and assisted in the making of the 1850-51 constitution, while Hon. Charles J. Al- bright was a delegate to the convention forming the third Ohio constitution of 1872.
(ii Kk.xsKV riii'Mv, oino.
75
i -k ]■:-! i >i: x riAi. \<>i k.
1832 — Andrew Jackson
.1,356
William Wirt. Ant
-
-?-?
1836 — William H. Harrison. .
.2,074
Martin Van Buren
.1,652
1840 — Martin Van Buren . . .
.2,186
William H. Harrison. .
.2,606
J. G. Birney (Abol.) . .
• 13
1844 — (No vote found)
1848 — (No vote found)
1852 — (No vote found)
1856 — (No vote found)
i860 — (No vote found)
1864 — (No vote found)
1868— U. S. Grant (R)
•2.743
Horatio Seymour (D) .
.1,949
1872— U. S. Grant (R)
.2,629
Horace Greeley (D) . .
.1,901
Jeremiah Black
. 11
1876— R. B. Hayes (R) 3,106
Samuel J. Tildcn (D) . .2,460 1880— James A. Garfield (R) . .3,118
W. S. Hancock (D). ..2,568
J. B. Weaver (Gbk.) . . . 26
Neal Dow (Temp.) 36
1884 — James G. Blaine
Grover Cleveland (elected) 1888 — Benjamin Harrison (elected)
Grover Cleveland 1892 — Grover Cleveland (elected)
Benjamin Harrison 1890 — William McKinley (elected)
William J. Bryan 1900 — William McKinley (elected)
William J. Bryan 1904 — Theodore Roosevelt (elected)
Alton J. Parker 1908— William H. Taft (elected)
William J. Bryan
CrilKkXAniRIAL VOTE.
1810 — Return J. Meigs 204
Thomas Worthington . . 31
1812 — Return J. Meigs 183
Thomas Scott 143
1814 — Thomas Worthington . . 329
O. Looker 19
1 816 — Thomas Worthington . . 483
James Dunlap 179
1818 — Eathan A. Brown 574
James Dunlap 186
1820 — Eathan A. Brown 364
Jeremiah Morrow 382
1822 — Jeremiah Morrow 765
Allen Trimble 244
824 — Jeremiah Morrow ....
719
Allen Trimble
713
826— Allen Trimble
1.704
24 6
Alexander Campbell . .
828— Allen Trimble
973
John W. Campbell ....
925
830 — Duncan McArthur (Wl
igO
923
762
Robert Lucas (D) . . . .
834 — Robert Lucas (D)
1.344
James Findley (Whig)
1-259
838— Wilson Shannon (D) . .
2,090
Joseph Vance (Whig) .
1.938
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
1840 — Wilson Shannon (D)..2,326 Thomas Corwin (Whig) 2,6 17
1842 — Wilson Shannon (D) . . 2,387 Leicester Kink (Abol) . . 85 Thomas Corwin (Whig) 2,388
1844 — Mordecai Bartley (Whig)
2,700
David Tod (D) 2,651
L. King (Abol) 277
1846— William Bebb (Whig) . .2,414
David Tod (D) 2,421
Samuel Lewis (Abol) . . 378
1848— John B. Weller (D) . . . .2,569 Seabury Ford (Whig) . .2,525
1850 — Reuben Wood (D) 2,269
William Johnson (Whig)
2,286
Edward Smith (Abol).. 299
1851— R. Wood (D) 1,671
Sam F. Vinton (Whig) . 1,796 Sam Lewis (Abol) 238
1853— William Medill (D) . . . . 1,500 Nelson Barere (Whig) . 1,4 14 Sam Lewis (Abol) 633
1855— William Medill (D) .. . . 1,361 Salmon P. Chase (R) . . 1,893 Allen Trimble ( Know- nothing) 130
1857 — Henry B. Payne (D) ... 1,793 Salmon P. Chase (R) .. 1,911 P. Van Trump (Know- nothing) 65
1859— R. P. Raney (D) 1,663
William Dennison (R). 2,103 1861— Hugh J. Jewett (D) . . . 1,968
David Tod (R) 2,262
1863— C. L. Vallandigham (D)
1.952
John Brough (R) 2,929
1865— George W. Morgan (D) . 1,853
Jacob D. Cox (R) 2,503
1867— Allen G. Thurman (D). 2,052
R. B. Hayes (R) 2,549
1869— George H. Pendelton (D)
1,836
R. B. Hayes (R) 2,380
1 87 1— George W. McCook (0)1,831
Edward F. Noyes (R) . .2,417 1873 — William Allen (D) 1,799
Edward F. Noyes (R) . .2,156 ( Xo returns for balance of governors) 1874— William Allen 1876 — Rutherford B. Hayes 1878— T. L. Young 1880 — Charles Foster 1884 — George Hoadley 1886— J. B. Foraker 1890 — William McKinley, Jr. 1896 — Asa Bushnell 1900 — G. K. Nash 1904— M. T. Herrick 1906 — J. M. Patterson 1908 — Judson Harmon 19 10 — Judson Harmon
CONGRESSMEN.
From 1803 to 181 3 Ohio was represented in the Congressional House of Representatives by Jeremiah Morrow, of Warren county, who from 1813 to 1819 was one of the senators of the state in Congress; from 1822 to 1824 he was governor of Ohio. The members of Congress representing Guern- sey county from 1810 are shown by the subjoined table:
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. yj
1809-13, Jeremiah Morrow, of Warren county. 1813-17, James Caldwell, of Belmont county. 1817-21, Samuel Herrick, of Muskingum county. 1821-23, John C. Wright, of Jefferson county. 1823-25, John Patterson, of Belmont county. 1825-27, David Jennings, of Belmont county. 1827-29, John Davenport, of Belmont county. 1829-33, William Kennon, of Belmont county. 1833-35, James M. Bell, of Guernsey county. 1835-37, William Kennon, of Belmont county. 1837-39, Alexander Harper, of Muskingum county. 1839-41, Isaac Parrish, of Guernsey county. 1841-43, Benjamin S. Cowen, of Belmont county. 1843-45, Alexander Harper, of Muskingum county. 1845-47, Alexander Harper, of Muskingum county. 1847-51, Nathan Evans, of Guernsey county. 1851-53, Alexander Harper, of Muskingum county. 1853-55, Wilson Shannon, of Belmont county. 1855-57, Charles J. Albright, of Guernsey county. 1857-59, William Lawrence, of Guernsey county. 1859-61, Thomas C. Theaker, of Belmont county. 1861-63, James R. Morris, of Monroe county. 1863-65, Joseph W. White, of Guernsey county. 1865-73, John A. Bingham, of Harrison county. 1873-77, Lorenzo Danford, of Belmont county. 1877-79. Gibson Atherton, of Licking county. 1879-81, Jonathan T. Updegraff, of Jefferson county. 1881-83, J. D. Taylor, of Guernsey county. 1883-85. J. T. Updegraff. 1885-87, J. D. Taylor, of Guernsey county. 1887-89, J. D. Taylor, of Guernsey county. 1889-91, H. C. Van Voorhis. 1(891-93, H. C. Van Voorhis. 1893-95. H. C. Van Voorhis. 1895-97, H. C. Van Voorhis. 1897-99, H. C. Van Voorhis. 1899-1901. H. C. Van Voorhis. 1901-03, H. C. Van Voorhis. 1903-05, H. C. Van Voorhis.
j8 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
1905-07 — B. G. Davis. 1907-09, James Joyce. 1909-11, James Joyce.
From the eleventh to the twenty-second General Assembly, inclusive, Guernsey, Tuscarawas and Coshocton counties composed a senatorial district. From the twenty-third to the forty-third General Assembly, Guernsey and Monroe counties constituted a senatorial district. To the forty-fourth, forty- fifth, forty-sixth, forty-seventh, forty-eighth and forty-ninth General As- semblies, Guernsey and Coshocton joined in electing senators. From the fiftieth General Assembly, the first under the 185 1 constitution, Guernsey and Monroe have composed a senatorial district.
Guernsey county first obtained a separate representation in the lower House in 181 2. At present Guernsey county is within the nineteenth senator- ial district, while it is within the fifteenth congressional district of Ohio.
STATE SENATORS AND REPRESENTATIVES.
Under the constitution of 1802, representatives to the Ohio General As- sembly were chosen annually, at the October election. Senators were elected for the term of two years. The present (1851) constitution provides for an election of members of the Legislature every two years, senators and repre- sentatives being elected at the same time and for the same length of term.
In the ninth General Assembly of Ohio, which convened at Zanesville in December, 1810, being the first session held after the organization of Guern- sey county, it was represented, with Muskingum and Tuscarawas, by Robert McConnell in the Senate, and George Jackson and David J. Marple, in the House of Representatives.
Senators. Representatives.
181 1 — Robert McConnell George Jackson
William Frame
1 81 2 — Ephraim Sears Zaccheus A. Beatty
18 1 3 — Joseph Wampler Thomas Henderson
1 8 14 — Joseph Wampler Thomas Henderson
1 81 5 — Abraham Shane Thomas Henderson
1816 — Abraham Shane Cyrus P. Beatty
1(817— David Robb Cyrus P. Beatty
1818 — David Robb Thomas Hanna
18 19 — David Robb Isaac Grummond
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 79
1820 — David Robb Isaac Griimmond
182 1 — Wilson, McGowan Lloyd Talbott
1822 — Wilson McGowan Isaac Grummond
1823 — Zaccheus A. Beatty Isaac Grummond
1824 — Zaccheus A. Beatty Thomas Hanna
1825 — Thomas Hanna William Thompson
1 826— Thomas Hanna James M. Bell
1827— David Robb James M. Bell
1828— David M. Robb James M. Bell
1829 — Thomas Weston James M. Bell
183a— Thomas Weston James M. Bell
183 1 — Robert Thompson David Tullis
1832 — Robert Thompson Samuel Bigger
1833 — Isaac Atkinson Samuel Bigger
1834 — Isaac Atkinson John Craig
1835— William Scott Joel F. Martin
1836 — William Scott Samuel Bigger
1837 — William C. Walton Isaac Parrish
1838— William C. Walton Joel F. Martin
1839— William Scott Robert B. Moore
1840 — William Scott William Israel
1 84 1 — William C. Walton Turner G. Brown
1842 — William C. Walton William Douglas
1843 — William Armstrong William Lawrence
1844 — William Armstrong William Skinner
Jesse Meredith
1845 — French W. Thornhill Thomas W. Tipton
1846 — French W. Thornhill Xewell Kennon
1847;;— Peter B. Ankeny William Morrow
1848 — Peter B. Ankeny William Morrow
1849 — Andrew Ferguson Mathew Gaston
Hugh McNeely 1850 — Andrew Ferguson Alexander Mitchell
James J. Grimes
1852 — John Ferguson Andrew Patterson
1854 — Western C. Sinclair Thomas Oldham
1856 — William Lawrence Robert Campbell
Abraham Simmons 1858 — Marshall Morrow Hugh Broom
Francis Rea
8o GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
i860 — Stephen Potts James W. Watt
1862 — John D. O'Connor Joseph Ferrill
1864 — John D. O'Connor Joseph Ferrill
1866 — Robert Savage John T. Clark
1868 — William Lawrence Ross W. Anderson
1870 — James O. Amos Ross W. Anderson
1872 — James O. Amos Abraham Armstrong
1874 — John W. Laughlin Abraham Armstrong
1876 — J. B. Williams Thomas S. Luccock
1878 — J. B. Williams Thomas S. Luccock
1880 — Frank Atkinson Roland S. Frame
1882 — Charles P. Simons Roland S. Frame
il886 — William Lawrence William E. Bowden
1888— D. H. Mortly D. D. Taylor
1890— J. L. Meyers D. D. Taylor
1898 — David H. Mortly James Joyce
1900 — J. L. Meyers W. L. Simpson
1902 — J. E. Hurst W. L. Simpson
1904 — Alex. Smith F. T. Eagelson
1906 — J. P. Mahaffey F. T. Eagelson
1908 — J. P. Mahaffey John McCreary
1910 Thomas A. Bonnell
COUNTY TREASURERS.
The first county treasurer was John Beatty. The records show the fol- lowing to have been elected in the years following 1818:
1 819 — John Beatty 1845 — William Abell
1822— George R. Tingle 1847— William Abell
1824— L. Talbott 1849— T. Arneel
1827 — Ebenezer Smith 185 1 — T. Arneel
1829 — George Metcalf 1853 — Stephen Potts
1 83 1— Hamilton Robb 1855— Stephen Potts
1833 — Hamilton Robb 1857 — William Borton
1837 — Hamilton Robb i860 — Joshua Gregg
1839 — William Ferguson 1865 — T. M. Johnson
1841 — N. Kennon 1866 — T. M. Johnson
1843 — N. Kennon 1867 — W. A. Lawrence
CI KKNSI-'V ( "I 1 1 • N I Y
1869 — W. A. Lawrence 1871 — James H. Hatton 1872— John Gregg 1873 — James H. Hatton 1875 — John D. Patterson 1877 — John D. Patterson 1878— J. S. Wilkins 1880— J. S. Wilkins 1882— John E. Sankey 1884— John E. Sankey 1886— Milton Turner
1888— John O. Couplin 1890 — John O. Couplin 1892 — John A. Bliss 1894 — John A. Bliss 1896— T. M. Bond 1898— T. M. Bond 1900 — R. B. Acheson 1902 — R. B. Acheson 1904 — Jacob A. LaFollett 190S — L. S. Linkhorn 1910 — L. S. Linkhorn
1 810— Thomas Knowles 1825— William Allison 1826— Adam Clarke 1828— Adam Clarke 1830 — Andrew Metcalf 1832 — Andrew Metcalf 1834 — John Beymer 1838 — Joseph Bute 1840 — -John Beymer 1842 — John Beymer
1 844 Needham
1846
1848
1 850— L. Birch 1852— L. Burns 1854 — L. Burris 1856 — Mathew B. Casey 1858— Mathew B. Casey i860 — Alexander Johnston 1862 — Alexander Johnston 1864 — William Stewart 1868— William B. Barnett
1870 — William B. Barnett 1 S72— William H. Hanna 1874— William P. Hartley 1876— William McKitrick 1878— William McKitrick 1880— John N. McGill 1882— John McGill 1884— Hugh McDonald 1886— Hugh McDonald 1888— William H. C. Hanna 1890— William H. C. Hanna
1892 Mason
1894 — John C. McMillen 1896— John C. McMillen 1898— J. B. Dollison 1900 — J. B. Dollison 1902 — Ira H. Watson 1904 — Ira H. Watson 1906 — H. K. Moore 1908 — H. K. Moore 19 10 — J. S. Berry
(6)
82 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
CLERKS OF THE COURT.
From imperfect records of elections the following is as near a list of clerks as can now be clearly given (C. P. Beatty was first) :
1851— W. M. Farrar 1890— Alfred Weeden
1854 — W. M. Farrar 1893 — Henry M. Dungan
1857— Thomas Lanfesty 1895— A. B. Hall
1875 — Robert Hammond 1898 — A. B. Hall
1878— J. P. Mahaffey 1901— Andrew J. Linn
1 88 1 — James R. Barr 1904 — Andrew J. Linn
1884 — James R. Barr 1907 — Elza D. Trott
1887— Alfred Weeden 1910— Elza D. Trott
Cyrus P. Beatty. Zaccheus P. Beatty, Cyrus P. Beatty, Moses Sarchet, Thomas W. Peacock and George McLaran, served up to 185 1, in this order of succession.
In the olden days in this county, the following was the court crier's an- nouncement :
"Hear ye, hear ye, hear ye, all manner of persons who sue or implead, or stand bound by recognizance, or have otherwise to do before the honor- able court of common pleas of Guernsey county, let them draw near, give their attendance and they shall be heard, for this court is now open. God save the state!"
ASSOCIATE JUDGES FROM l8lO TO 1851.
Jacob Gomber, Robert Spears, Thomas B. Kirkpatrick, William Frame, James Leeper, Thomas Henderson, Elijah Bealle, George Metcalf, David Tullis, William Skinner, Turner G. Brown, William Thompson, Stewart Speer, Joseph D. Tingle, Robert Marshall, Robert Reed, Zadock Davis.
These associate judges were elected for a term of seven years.
COUNTY AUDITORS.
Beginning with 1824, the auditors of Guernsey county have been as fol- lows :
1824 — Robert A. Moore 1832 — Robert B. Moore
1826 — Robert B. Moore 1834 — Robert B. Moore
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
83
1838— John Hersh 1840— John Hersh 1842 — John Hersh 1844 — A. Armstrong 1846 — A. Armstrong 1848— William Endley
1850 Ruth
1852 Ruth
1854 — William Endley 1856 — Joseph D. Tingle 1859 — J. M. Carson 1862 — Francis Hammond 1864 — Francis Hammond 1866 — Francis Hammond 1 868— A. A. Taylor 1870 — Francis Hammond 1872 — Francis Hammond 1874 — J. K. Brown
1 876— J. K. Brown 1877— W. E. Bowden 1878— W. E. Bowden 1880— John C. Beckett 1882— John C. Beckett 1884— John C. Beckett 1886 — Thomas Smith 1888— Thomas Smith 1890— J. E. McClelland 1896— William P. De Hart 1899— William P. De Hart 1902 — William P. De Hart 1902 — Daniel A. Wallace 1908 — Daniel A. Wallace 1906 — Daniel A. Wallace 1908— W. D. Deselm 19 10 — W. D. Deselm
COUNTY RKCOKDKKS.
The first recorder was Robert Johnson.
1834 — John Ferguson 1837— Jacob G. Metcalf 1840 — William Smith 1843— William Smith 1846 — C. Armor 1849 — C. Armor 1852 — Moses Marsh 1856 — Moses Marsh 1864— Moses Marsh 1867— P. T. Suitt 1870— P. T. Suitt 1873— H. B. Huffman 1876— H. B. Huffman
1879 — Rodolf Thomas 1882— Rodolf Thomas 1885— J. K. Casey 1888— J. K. Casey 1 89 1— William F. Pagett 1894— William F. Pagett 1897 — John C. Crossen 1900 — John C. Crossen 1903 — F. P. Arnold 1906— F. P. Arnold 1908— C. S. Stock-dale 19 10 — C. S. Stockdale
COUNTY SURYKYoRS.
The only election record found of county surveyors in this countv is the following, but several others have evidentlv served :
84
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
1810 — George Metcalf, by appoint- ment. 1838 — John Kennon 1840 — Charles Carroll 1850 — Mr. Dougherty 1852 — Mr. Morton 1862 — J. Cosgrove 1865 — J. Cosgrove 1868 — David Thompson 1 87 1 — Robert McKahan
1877 — Robert McKahan 1880 — Jonathan W. Garber 1883 — Jonathan W. Garber 1886— Mr. Hester 1889— O. M. Hoge 1892— O. M. Hoge 1895— William B. Webster 1898— William B. Webster 1904 — C. B. Davis 1910 — C. B. Davis
COUNTY COMMISSIONERS.
1826— William Scott 1827 — William Lowry 1830 — William Lowry 183 1 — William Robinson 1832 — Isaac Parish 1834 — Robert Campbell 1837 — Robert Reed 1838 — Samuel Lawrence 1839 — A. Laughlin 1840 — James Wharton 1 84 1 — Samuel Lawrence 1842 — Alex Laughlin
1843 McMahon
1844 Mitchell
1845 Bell
1849 — J. Lyons
1850 — Danford, Stranathon
1 85 1 Sankey
1852 Spear
1853 Robins
1854— Robert Wilkins 1856— Ben j. L. Mead 1857 — Alexander McCoy 1 861 — Henry McCartney 1862 — M. Morton 1864 — Henry McCartney
1865— M. Morton 1867 — Henry McCartney 1868 — Jonathan Rose 1869 — William Brown
1870 McCleary
1873 McCleary
1874 — Jonathan Rose 1875 — Thomas C. Mackey
1876 Reed
1877 — Pat Lochary
1878 Roseman
1880 — Pat Lochary 1 88 1— A. M. Nicholson 1882 — John Shipman 1883— J. B. Hartley 1884— A. W. Nicholson 1885 — John Shipman 1886— J. B. Hartley 1887 — George Watson 1888 — John Thompson 1S89— John T. Beggs 1890 — George Watson 1 89 1 — John A. Thompson 1892 — John W. Graves 1893 — James Kaho 1894 — Samuel R. Smith
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
85
1896 — James Kaho 1897 — Samuel R. Smith 1898— Jed Williams 1900 — Samuel Smith 1902 — John T. Beggs 1904 — L. P. Moore
1905 — James C. Orr 1908 — Elias D. Stone 1910 — Elias D. Stone
— Willard B. Johnston — Lafayette Temple
The ahove is not a complete list, but as nearly so as records of this date disclose.
INFIRMARY DIRECTORS.
For many years this office was known as the poorhouse director.
1842 — John Barton
1843 Smith
1844 Sproat
1845 Barton
1849 — J. Hastings
1850 Leeper
1 85 1 — M. Frame
1852 Withrow
1853 ■ Leeper
1854 — M. Frame
Samuel Dunn 1856 — Samuel Dunn 1857 — Moses Frame
(To 1862 no record) 1862— M. Zahnizer 1864 — John R. Forsythe 1867 — E. Finley 1868— S. Brown 1869 — William H. Hoover 1870 — E. Finley
1871 Cunningham
1873 — E- Finley
1874 — George A. Mooney
1875 — J. S. Gander
1876 Kester
1877 — James McClanahan
1878— J. S. Gander 1 880 — James McClanahan 1 88 1— J. S. Gander 1882 — James B. Gibson 1883— Alfred Skinner 1884— David L. Mackey 1885 — James B. Gibson
1886 Spencer
1887 — Isaac McCullom 1888— Alex. Speer
1889 Spencer
1890 — John H. Robinson 1 89 1 — Alex. Speer 1892— H. M. Beymer 1893 — James H. Robinson 1894 — James Shaw 1896— R. W. Lowry 1898 — Samuel L. Johnson 1899— R. W. Lowry 1900 — Robert Bums 1902 — John C. Anker 1904 — W. C. Leonard
1905 McCleary
1908 — A. G. Ringer 1910 — J. H. Bond
S(,
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
I'KnSECUTIXG ATTORNEYS.
The first prosecuting attorney was Samuel Herricks, at organizati
1833 — Isaac Parrish 1837— William W. Tracy
1839 Gaston
1 84 1 — Nathan Evans
1843 Ferguson
1845 White
1849 — J- O- Grimes
185 1 Skinner
J853 Buchanan
1856— John M. Bashfield 1857 — Francis Creighton 1 86 1 — Francis Creighton
1865 Taylor
1867— M. Barnes 1 87 1 — J. O. Grimes
IS73-
"J-
O.
Grimes
1875-
-J-
C.
Steele
1877-
"J-
C.
Steele
1881-
-M
. F
'. Patterson
1884-
-John
M. Locke
1887-
"J-
H.
Mackey
1890-
-J-
H.
Mackey
1893-
-J-
II.
Mackey
1 896 — John
H. Locke
1S99-
-A.
L.
Stevens
1902-
-A.
L.
Stevens
1905-
-C.
S.
Sheppard
1908— C.
s.
Sheppard
1910-
-B.
F.
Enos
JUDGES.
Among the probate judges of this county are these :
1 85 1 — James De Long 1854 — James De Long 1857 — J. C. Ford 1869— W. H. Dougherty
l&75 Buchanan
1878 Kennon
1 88 1— L. P. Hossick
1886— John H. Weger 1890— N. H. Barber 1895— W. H. Gregg 1900 — W. H. Gregg 1905 — H. W. Luccock 1910 — H. W. Luccock
CORONERS.
The first coroner of Guernsey county Was Joseph Smith, by appointment, when the first officers were selected at organization. From 1822 they have been these :
1822 — Thomas Lenington 1825 — Thomas Lenington 1827 — Otho Brashear
1830 — John Dixon 1832 — William Israel 1834 — Thomas McCullough
GUERNSEY COUNTY. OHIO.
1838 — Samuel Marshall 1840 — Edward Daugherty 1842 — David Needham
1844 Scott
1850 Burris
1852 Johnson
1854 — Ben. Cole
1856 — George B. Leeper
1860— L. T. Bonnell
1862 — Alexander H. Milligan
1864 — John Leeper
1 87 1 — Isaac A. Oldham
1873 — William B. Rosemond
1875 — William B. Rosemond
1877 Forsythe
1878— J. H. Sarchet
1881— J. H. Sarchet 1885— J. H. Sarchet 1887— J. H. Sarchet 1889— J. H. Sarchet 1 89 1— J. H. Sarchet 1893— J- H. Sarchet. 1895 — Ed. M. Dougherty 1897 — Ed. M. Dougherty 1899 — Doctor Vorhies 1901 — Doctor Vorhies 1903 — W. B. Yeo 1905 — W. B. Yeo 1907 — W. B. Yeo 1909 — A. G. Ringer 1910 — A. G. Ringer
CHAPTER VII.
MILITARY HISTORY OF THE COUNTY.
Xo generation will look back with shame at the military record of the loyal old Buckeye state. Her early pioneers were men of undaunted courage and bravery ; they were the people who saw the receding forms of the savage red men as they bid a long farewell to their vast and beautiful hunting grounds and wended their way toward the setting sun, to far beyond the "Father of Waters." They were descendants of the brave and patriotic men who de- clared and finally gained their independence over the mother country. Then it is not strange that, when assailed by traitors at home and outlaws on our southern borders, the people of Guernsey county rallied around the flag, which by their devotion and sacrifice has come to be revered as no emblem on the earth, save the cross of Christ alone, is honored in this the close of the first decade in the twentieth century.
Guernsey county, however, was settled but little in the days of the last war with Great Britain (that of 1812-14) and not even explored when the Revolutionary war was being "fought, hence the part it took in these struggles was almost entirely precluded. Yet, there were numerous soldiers of the war of 1812, who afterward became sturdy pioneers here on Guernsey soil and assisted in opening up the county. Also, there Were some who had served in the great war for independence who found their way to these green, glad solitudes, when but few white men had looked upon these fair and fertile hills and dales.
Thus the conflicts in which the brave men of this county took an active part may be stated as being the war with Mexico, the great Rebellion, from 1861 to 1865, and the Spanish-American war of 1898, when, over the sinking of the warship "Maine," and the inhuman treatment given to her subjects on the isle of Cuba, Spain was humbled from her once proud throne and given to understand that America stood for justice and liberty, cost what it might.
Before passing to the military history, proper, of this county, the reader is invited to read the following history of a Revolutionary soldier, who at one time resided in this county and whose bones are now entombed within this soil.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 8c>
A REVOLUTIONARY CHARACTER.
In the Guernsey Weekly Times of January 21, 1904, there appeared a sketch by Col. C. P. B. Sarchet, of a Guernsey county boy, James Rimer Wil- liams, of Salina, Kansas, who died on January 2, 1904. There is some history connected with this family that we will give. His grandfather, David Wil- liams, came to Cambridge, when a young man, from Scotland, with his brother-in-law, Robert Nicholson, in 1817. He was by trade a weaver, but for some years he was a bar-keeper at the old Tingle tavern in Cambridge. There he became acquainted with Catherine Brown, who was a working girl at the same tavern, and they were married in Cambridge, January 13, 1825. Her father was a keeper in the old log-gaol, the first county jail. After their marriage they settled on a farm in Jackson township. James P. Williams, father of James Rimer Williams, was the oldest son of David Williams. He married, in Jackson township, Sarah Peodvin, daughter of Nicholas Peodvin and Sarah O'Harer. She was their only child. Nicholas Peodvin was a cousin of James Bichard, grandfather of the writer, and came to Cambridge along with the French Guernsey settlers in 1807. After the death of Nicholas Peodvin, James P. Williams and his wife came into the possession of the Nicholas Peodvin farm in Jackson township, which he afterward sold, about 1864, to Hon. J. W. White, and purchased the William Rainey, Sr., farm in the same township. From this farm he moved to Kansas. White sold the farm to Jonathan Gander, and it became known for many years as the Gander farm. The Rainey-Williams farm is now in the possession of the heirs of E. R. Nyce. Connected with the William Rainey family was Andrew Whit- tier. He died at the remarkable age of one hundred and twenty-four years, being born in Germany in 1716, dying in 1840. He was buried in a grave yard located on the banks of Wills creek below Byesville. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The last we have heard of his place of interment was that the creek was undermining the bank of the graveyard, and that the bones of this old hero, whose foreign blood he was ready to shed that this great free republic might live and become what it is, the greatest nation of the world, were about to be washed down Wills creek.
About the time of the report referred to by Colonel Sarchet, the patriotic people of Jackson township and Byesville village removed the bones of Whit- tier to the old Cambridge Baptist cemetery, where they are duly marked with a monument, inscribed with his wonderful age of one hundred and twenty- four years.
9o
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. SOLDIERS OF l8l2.
Guernsey county was represented in the war of 1812 by three companies of militia, commanded respectively by Capt. Simon Beymer, Capt. Absalom Martin and Capt. C. P. Beatty. We have recently come into possession of the names of the members of these companies, which we publish below, as a contribution to the history of the county. Few, if any, of the present genera- tion know anything- about the experiences of their ancestors in eastern Ohio, during that war. Few know that Guernsey county, sparsely settled at it was in 1 81 2, sent so many soldiers into the field. The following two companies were in the detachment commanded by Col. Robert Bay :
CAPTAIN BEYMERS COMPANY.
Simon Beymer, captain Stewart Speer, first lieutenant Henry Beymer, second lieutenant David Slater, sergeant Andrew Dougherty, sergeant George Wines, sergeant Robert Ewings, sergeant William Beymer, corporal David Moore, corporal Nicholas Baumgardner, corporal Frederic Beymer, corporal William Englehart, corporal Alex. Barton, corporal John Bickham Daniel Bates Findly Collins David Dougherty George Dye James Hawkins Levin Lewis Andrew McGowan Joseph Reed Frederick Saltsgayer John Sickman Henry Steers
Jacob Thomas Nehemiah Williams Argus Morris Thomas Brannon Ezekiel Bates William Cook Ichabod Dilley Elisha Evans Henry Llewellyn James Lard James McConnell Samuel Shevel William Satterfield William Smith William Sherman John Vanpelt Charles Birch Ford Barnes William Chance Joshua Clark Abraham Dilley Peter P"ry Joseph Lyn Robert Lancing John Rainey
cckuvm-.i t in .\ i v, oiiio.
9i
Moses Steppenson Thomas Smith Andrew Sickman
Presley Sickman Moses Wright
CAPTAIN MARTIN S COMPANY.
Absalom Martin, captain
Wyatt Hutchinson, first lieutenant
James Sherman, second lieutenant
John Bratton, sergeant
George Sudden, sergeant
Thomas Mullen, sergeant
William Israel, sergeant
Thos. De Britner, corporal
Edward Milner, corporal
C. Donover, corporal
James Edwards, corporal
Edw. Davis, corporal
Henry Wolford, corporal
Josiah Barron
Moses Beard
Thomas Read
Henry Carrel
Bernard Duwit Jacob Hart
Aaron Hedges
James Miles
Philip McWilliam
Thomas Merritt
John Read'
Jonathan Stull
Jacob Dedrick
David Wilson
Thomas Wilkins
James Warnock
Atkinson Mitchell
David Burns
Joseph Bowers
William Kerns Henry Davis James Everett William Hanna Lewis Lambert John Mealman William Moore John McGiven Joshua Reaves George Shipley John Dedrick Jonathan Warne John Woodbeck Peter Wirick David Brown Thomas Barron Joseph Bell Joseph Coyle David Delong William Kirk Henry Hite George Launce William McGiven William Maple Samuel Poke Philip Shoaf John Sealer Michael Dedrick Andrew Wirick Robert Warnock David Delong
92
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
CAPTAIN BEATTY'S COMPANY.
Cyrus P. Beatty, captain David Burt, lieutenant Nicholas Stoner, ensign John Leverick Henry Whetstone Joseph Archer James Delong James Thomas William Linn (absent) Samuel Beymer (absent) William Gibson James Shipley James Fuller John McKee Robt. Atkinson Elijah Williams William Talbutt James Noble David Clark James Parkhill Jonathan Eastman William Stewart Samuel Styers Isaac Styles Joseph Ward James Waddle James *Bigham James McMullen (absent) Joseph Wilkey
John Shipley
Michael Wirick
George Warne
Alexander Harper
George Miller
Eli Bingham
John Wiley (absent)
William Roak
William Van Horn
Garret Reasoner
Richard Scott
William Gibson, Jr.
Robert Lowery
John Beymer
Arthur Adair
George Shivel
William Anderson
Ezekiel Shipley
Andrew Henderson
Thomas Dennis
William Oyler
Hugh McCoy
Rodney Talbutt
Robert Lansing
Ford Barnes
John Bollen (absent)
William Morehead (absent)
Tohn Conner
On the hack of the muster roll of the above company, Lieut. -Col. Z. A. Beatty writes that he has inspected the ammunition, arms, etc., of the detach- ment, and finds them to be as follows : Powder in horns, two and one-half pounds; balls in pouches, ninety; pouches and horns, eleven; rifles, thirteen; muskets, one. By a note on the muster roll we learn that Lieutenant-colonel Beatty forwarded this report to Colonel Bay on August nth, Beatty being then at Zanesville. He explains in this note why no non-commissioned offi-
i.l IJRiXSIC (in NTS , nil 111. <;3
cers have been appointed, the officer desiring to become better acquainted with the men before making those appointments.
OFF TO THE WARS.
Iii the early days of Cambridge, the only blacksmith shop in town was that of William McCracken, father of Alexander McCracken. Day after day, the sound of the hammer was heard in his place, and trade was busy. But then came the war of 1812, and all the able-bodied men of the place en- listed for active service. William McCracken quenched the fire in his forge, put down his hammer, locked the door, and set off with a musket. But to this the worthy people of Cambridge could not agree. Some one must shoe their horses, and there was none in the land of Guernsey who approached McCracken in skill and capacity. So a collection was taken up, to which the interested ones gladly contributed, a substitute was hired to shoulder the musket, and William McCracken perforce returned to his forge, kindled the fires and once more the blacksmith shop rang with the sound of the hammer.
SOLDIERS OF THE WAR OF l8l2.
At a meeting of the soldiers of the war of 1812, held in the court house square September 3, 1869, the following registered their names for the pur- pose of petitioning the general government for pensions :
Elijah Grimes, aged eighty years, residing at Cambridge. George Macomber, aged seventy-five years, of Cambridge. Peter Klingman, aged eighty-one years, of Cambridge. Joseph Waller, aged seventy-eight years, of Cambridge. George- McGannon, aged eighty-three years, of Cambridge. William Phillips, aged seventy-eight years, of Cambridge. William Turnbaugh, aged eighty-one years, of Cambridge. John McGiffin, aged eighty-five years, of Cambridge. Adam Rankin, aged seventy-five years, of Midway. Thomas Brown, aged seventy-six years, of Washington. Andrew Bay, aged seventy-one years, Leatherwood. Thomas N. Muzzy, aged eighty years, of Cumberland. George McCormick, aged eighty-one years, of Antrim. Adam Bucher, aged eighty-two years, of Rochester. Edward Milliner, aged eighty-four years, of Millinersville.
94 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Others who reported later were: Samuel F. McKinnie, aged eighty- seven years, of Washington township; Joseph McKinnie, aged seventy-six years, of the county, and also Robert Richey.
Governor R. B. Hayes and Col. John Ferguson spoke on the occasion of the meeting above referred to.
THE MEXICAN WAR.
The part taken in the war with Mexico, from 1846 to 1848, by the citi- zens of Guernsey county was not great. The reason was that the county was thinly settled at that date, and for the reason that Ohio was only called upon for three regiments of troops. While many from this county intended to go, the quota for the state was made up before the companies could be raised here. Some, however, did enlist in other counties and served through the war. It was supposed that a large parade of soldiers would be held here on the drill grounds of the home militia company, the same to be made up from several companies from Columbus and other points, and at which time many here in Cambridge intended to offer their services, but a change was made by a sudden military order, and the parade did not come off, hence no chance was given here to enlist. There have, however, resided many soldiers Who be- came settlers of Guernsey county, after having served from other Ohio counties.
The following is to be found in the Times for August 6, 183 1 :
BRIGADE ORDERS.
"The Commissioned and Staff Officers of the Second Brigade, and the 15th Division of Ohio Militia, will parade in the town of Washington, on Tuesday, the 30th day of August next, at 10 o'clock A. M. — and continue under the command of the Brigadier-General, until 3 o'clock P. M., on the succeeding day — armed, uniformed and equipt as the law directs.
"By order of the Brigadier-General,
"William Skinner,
"Brigade Inspector.
"All officers will appear in white pantaloons.
"July 25th, 1831."
THE CIVIL WAR.
Without attempting to give the causes that led up to the breaking out of the Civil war — that terrible conflict between the North and South — the writer
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 95
will hasten on to the pleasing task of setting forth in record form the deeds of sacrifice and valor performed by the soldiery of Guernsey county, between 1861 and 1866, that future generations may read with a just pride of the loyalty displayed by their forefathers. Considering her population and size, during that- conflict, no county sent forth more men in defense of the flag than Guernsey, and Ohio, as is well known, outrivaled most states in the Union. So frequent were her regiments going to the front, that at one time, late in the struggle, the governor took exceptions to the letter President Lincoln wrote to New Jersey, when that state sent a regiment out. Mr. Lincoln wrote the governor of that state, and kindly thanked its people for the regiment. Ohio's war governor had never once been thanked by a personal letter from the good President, and yet the troops \vere constantly going" forth, at his bidding, to do battle. Then Lincoln, after receiving the reprimand from the governor here, sent him one of his characteristic communications, in which he said that he no more thought of sending a letter of thanks to Ohio than he did every- morning when Mrs. Lincoln passed him a fresh cup of coffee— that he always knew he was welcome to it and that it was coming, too. This was the greatest compliment the state of Ohio could expect and was satisfied, as was her governor.
As the first soldiers were about to leave Cambridge, in 1861, the follow- ing appeared in the Jcffersonian and will, by their kindness and permission, here be quoted, for its intrinsic value in this war chapter of the county's history.
OFF TO THE WAR.
"The first company of Cambridge volunteers left this place on Tuesday morning for Columbus, there to await the orders of the President. They are a fine looking body of men, and they will no doubt 'stand by their colors' through 'thick and thin.'
"We shall watch the destiny of the Cambridge Volunteers, with all the solicitude which high regard and affection can inspire, and while we shall ever hope to hear that victory and honor have perched upon their ensign, yet our highest happiness, under providence, will be to take them by the hand once more,
" 'When wild war's deadly blast has blown.'
"God bless the brave boys is the heartfelt prayer of every citizen of our town.
"Officers — Captain, James Watt Moore; first lieutenant, Charles H. Moore; second lieutenant, John T. Rainey; first sergeant, Walter Barnett;
96
CI'KKXSKV COUNTY, OHIO.
second sergeant, Alfred H. Evans; third sergeant, James Johnson; fourth sergeant, J. C. Wiser; first corporal, Moses Stockdale; second corporal, George \Y. Hutchison ; third corporal, Dr. James Anderson.
"The following is as complete a list of names with places of residence as is now obtainable, of this volunteer company that left this place Tuesday morning. It should be carefully preserved :
Henry H. Mercer, Cambridge David Frazier, Cambridge John Frazier, Cambridge John Nelson, Cambridge John W. Meek, Cambridge Thomas Kilburn, Knox township James W. Moore, Guernsey county Chas. H. Moore, Guernsey county James Johnson, Guernsey county William Armstrong, Cambridge H. S. Hyatt, Zanesville J. D. Meek, Byesville Josiah Scott, Cambridge John Beabout, Center township Robert E. Stiers, Senecaville Samuel Beadling, Cambridge Joshua McPeek, Cambridge Thomas Carr, Cambridge John McKim, Guernsey county Moses Stockdale, Antrim W. A. Arnold, Hartford Thomas Lindsey, Cumberland Perry Singer, Claysville Thomas McManaway, Cambridge Elijah Bell, Cambridge Andrew Waller, Washington Isaac McBirney, Washington W. F. Nicholson, Cumberland Harrison Danifer, Cambridge W. T. Frazier. C. F. Camp, Claysville James Delong, Cambridge
John Bately, Cumberland
E. M. Morrison, Kennonsburg Joshua M. Stiers, Se'welsville J. E. Gillett, Winchester
J. M. Anderson, Birmingham
F. M. McDowell, Cambridge James Davis.
Thompson Rose, Liberty
Samuel Shreeves, Cambridge
Thomas Temple, Liberty
Samuel Gregg, Senecaville
M. D. Starr, Claysville
R. A. Cusac, Cumberland
Isaac J. Murphy, Claysville
W. Landy, Cambridge
J. B. Barnet, Claysville
J. T. Rainey, Cambridge
W. Stewart, Gallaghers
A. H. Evans, Cambridge
George W. McKim, Cambridge
John Carter, Cambridge township
Daniel J. Buckstone, Cambridge
Nathan Downer, Cambridge
John B. Meyer, Cambridge
Alonzo Miller, Cambridge
Andrew G. Beabout, Center township
Simon Sines, Center township
James Gray, Center township
George W. Stult, Salesville
G. W. Davis, Bridgeville Ebenezer Williams, Bridgeville John C. Meagher, Guernsey county
GUERNSEY COUNTY., OHIO. 97
George W. Hutchison, Cambridge John H. Murphy, Cumberland
James McConehay, Cambridge Charles Osborn, Salesville
William Johnson, Jackson township George Klingman, Cambridge
James Turner, Center township John Clark Wiser, Cambridge
Richard Bucey, Center township Stout P. Wallace, Cambridge
William Murphy, Westland township William C. Crawford, New Concord
Joseph Allen, Cumberland William Beadling, Cambridge Samuel Conner, Cumberland
During the Civil war there were three regular drafts for the tilling up of Guernsey count)- quota, under the various calls for men by President Lin- coln. The first was dated May 17. 1864; the second was June 14th. the same year, and another June 21st. From three hundred dollars to one thousand dollars was paid as a bounty for substitutes. The following shows the drafted men by townships, the same being compiled January 31, 1865:
Wheeling township, 10; Monroe township, 16; Londonderry township. 21; Washington township, 18; Oxford township, 19; Millwood township 15; Centre township, 6: Wills township. 21 ; Madison township, 8; Jefferson township, 8; Cambridge township, 1; Liberty township, 12; Adams tow-nship, 0 ; Knox township, 10; Spencer township, 14; Westland township, 6; Rich- land township, 7; Valley township, 15; Jackson township, 3; total, 219.
Deputy Provost Marshal John B. Cook was shot dead in his back yard in [865, by persons supposed to have had trouble with him over a proposed draft, which they were evading. John W. Hartup and Hiram Oliver were arrested, tried before a court martial under General Ord. The trial lasted three months and the result was that the men were hung for the crime, one having confessed.
Over two thousand men entered the Union army from Guernsey county, a record to be proud of by the citizens of the county.
The principal commands in which soldiers served from Guernsey county were these: The Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Sixty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Seventy-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Eighty- eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, One Hundred and Twenty-second Ohio Vol- unteer Infantry, One Hundred and Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, First Ohio Cavalry Regiment.
(7)
<,l KKXSKY COUNTY, OHIO.
SOLDIERS AID SOCIETIES.
Not alone did the men of Guernsey county show their patriotism in suppressing the Rebellion from 1861 to 1865, but the work of the ladies was potent and duly appreciated by the soldiers in tent, hospital and field. In every township in this county there were societies doing their best to provide things of necessity and comfort for the men in the field. At Cambridge, the Times files of April 9, 1863, have the following item, worth preserving in this connection :
"Our society was organized February 23, 1863, and though we have been cramped for means and by reason of the high prices that prevail, yet we will struggle on and not let this society go down so long as this dreadful war continues. YYe wish all who have promised to contribute and have not sent their contribution in would do so at once.
"During the winter the ladies have made the following articles : Eight shirts, eight pads, four slings, forty towels, eight rolls of bandages, six eye- shades, four pair of slippers, five sheets. On March 21st we sent to the Cin- cinnati branch of the United States Sanitary Commission, one barrel and one box of fruits, dried fruits, jellies, wines and a half barrel of onions. "(Signed) Sallie G. Lyons,
"Secretary."
A REGIMENTAL PRINTER.
Tn the Cambridge Times of April, 1864, an item appears as follows: "The Eighty-eighth Regiment, having purchased a press and the necessary type for printing general orders, requisitions, reports, etc., has appointed Francis M. Sarchet, of the regiment, as regimental printer. He formerly served an apprenticeship in this office. Though he is a young man, we feel warranted in saying that he is a good printer and will do good work. Suc- cess to Frank !"
JOHN MORGAN'S RAID IN GUERNSEY COUNTY.
We take this account of Morgan's raiders in this county, from the Cam- bridge Times of July 30, 1863 :
"John Morgan, with the remnant of a band composed of the most villain- ous cut-throats and scoundrels, the sweepings and accumulations of two years of murdering and plundering among helpless people, amounting in number to probably six hundred, found his way into this county on Thursday, the 22nd
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 99
inst., and entered the town of Cumberland about three o'clock in the after- noon of the same day. As usual, his pickets were thrown out, and the work of insult and plunder commenced.
"The stores of Colonel Squier and Mr. Holmes, respected citizens of that place, were plundered of clothing and such articles as they seemed to need. Colonel Squier lost about four hundred dollars worth of goods, and Mr. Holmes about three hundred dollars worth. From Mr. Thomas Lindsey one dirt}' thief stole, or forcibly took, twenty-five dollars. After robbing Lindsey. the Butternut asked him if he was a Vallandigham man. Lindsey replied that he was not, but instead was a good Union man. Butternut then pro- ceeded to electioneer for his friend Val., by telling Lindsey that no better man lived anywhere than Vallandigham; that he ought to support him — using a considerable number of arguments to convince Lindsey that it was his duty to vote for that glorious friend of the South and its cause, Vallandigham.
"In and about Cumberland they succeeded in stealing about one hundred good horses. While in town they quartered upon the inhabitants, from whom they insolently demanded food or whatever else they wished. They left Cumberland about eight o'clock in the evening, after perpetrating all the devil- ment they could, except burning the town and murdering the inhabitants.
"The next place they turned up was at Hartford, in Valley township, which place they retired from without doing any material damage. We did learn that they robbed Mr. George Miller, of Hartford, of one thousand five hundred dollars, but as we have not heard it confirmed, presume it is not so.
"At Senecaville they made a short stay, stole numerous horses, and took the road to Campbell's station. While at Senecaville, we learn that one of the thieves entered a stable belonging to a gentleman of that place, and, with drawn revolver, demanded a horse. The owner, instead of giving him a horse, gave him a blow alongside of his head with a club, which caused Mr. Secesh to give up all intention of dealing in horseflesh for the time being. Said Butternut is now lodged in our jail.
"When the celebrated John was sojourning in Cumberland, a certain Doctor, formerly hailing- from the Hoskinsville region, and of Hoskinsville proclivities, had a horse confiscated by the Morgan thieves. The Doctor re- monstrated against the proceeding, and in the bill of exceptions set forth that he had a patient that he must see and that was the only animal he had to ride. Butternut sets forth in his answer that if the said Doctor would give him seventy-five dollars, he would surrender the horse. Whereupon the Doctor forked over the amount, and when John and his thieves retired, the Doctor's horse also retired with a Butternut on his back, and left the Doctor with a
IOO GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
feeling of goneness in the pocket and to mourn the untimely departure of his trusty pill packer.
"Query, wasn't the Doctor a little verdant?
"At Campbell's Station, they burned the warehouse and its contents, be- longing to Mr. John Fordyce, after robbing his safe, containing, we learn, about four thousand dollars in money, two thousand dollars of which be- longed tn Air. Thomas Frame; also the railroad bridge convenient, and three freight cars loaded with tobacco, cut the telegraph wires and started for Washington. Here they made a grand stand ; threw out their pickets, and prepared for war. We believe they did no damage in Washington, at least we have heard of none, except eating up what provisions the people had on hand, and relieving them of a few horses. At this place, General Shackleton came upon the thief with one thousand Union cavalry, which caused him to skedaddle in doublequick. A smart skirmish ensued at the edge of the town, the rebels firing one volley and running, as usual. In this skirmish, three rebels were wounded, two of whom are since dead and the other expected to die. On the road from Washington to Winchester the rebels made two more stands, each for a few minutes, when they fled. During one of these skir- mishes, three rebels were captured. Near Winchester, Colonel Wallace, with a few troops and one piece of artillery, joined General Shackleford.
''The rebels, after the last skirmish, succeeded in getting some distance ahead of our forces, we failing to get in sight of them again in this county.
"It appears, from conversations with eight of Morgan's men, who were captured, ami are now in the county jail here, that the scoundrels despaired of reaching home many days ago, and that they roamed about without any defi- nite object beyond a very slight hope that they might find an unguarded cross- ing on the Ohio river. They claim to have had plenty to eat, and but little time to eat it, so hard were they constantly pressed by our troops. They made it a point to take every horse they met with that was of any value, and when they stole a horse they generally turned loose some poor tired-out animal. How many horses they stole in this county we cannot possibly say, but as they stole all along the route, they must have picked up a considerable number.
"As John Morgan and his band are now captured, the people can settle down and content themselves with at least a hope that one horse-thieving scoundrel and disturber of the peace of the country, will get his just deserts. 1 f our people don't shoot him for the raid, the rebel authorities will be sure to. if they ever lay hands on him. He has wasted and destroyed, on a fool's errand, the best body of cavalry they had in their service, and all to no pur- pose in the world. Such a senseless expedition never started since the world
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. IOI
began. He has failed to perform a single achievement that is worth thinking of a second time.
"Rebel raids into loyal states — whether on a great or a small scale — have but one ending, the defeat and utter route of those attempting them. John Morgan ventured this time something out of his usually safe line, and, in crossing the Ohio river, marked his track with foul murders — the killing of peaceful and unoffending citizens. It was but a little while until he found the spirit he had aroused, — the great mistake he had made, — and his fate will be the fate of all such scoundrels who undertake similar expeditions. They are the disgrace of civilization, and the villains will in future be hunted down as men hunt down wild beasts, and when caught, a 'short shrift and a long rope' will be all the compensation these blood-stained wretches will receive at the hands of a justly outraged people. We are told that in one section of this countv they were so very urbane and polite that they quite charmed our people. We, for one, are sick of this accursed cant about 'politeness,' 'chivalry,' etc., this trifling with murder and every black crime. And when we look at the horrors so long carried on with impunity by this vile, black-hearted cut-throat and his land-pirate gang, we cannot say that we would object should the result of the whole matter be a "short shrift and a long rope,' from the friends and relatives of the persons he and his band have so foully murdered, and whose property he has so wantonly destroyed."
"CAMBRIDGE SCOUTS" AFTER MORGAN'S RAIDERS.
(Published in the Jeffersonian in January, 1891, by Col. C. P. B. Sarchet, who took part in the campaign.)
Before the raider, Gen. John Morgan, with his rough raiders, reached Ohio, at Harrison, near Cincinnati, on July 14, 1863, Governor Tod had pro- claimed martial law in Ohio, and called out the militia. To this call more than fifty thousand responded. These militia were minute men, who were ready to leave their offices, shops and farms at a moment's notice. The militia of the state had been enrolled and officered by companies. The writer had been commissioned a captain, by Governor Tod, to enroll three regiments in Guernsey county. This had been done and the writer was elected colonel of the First Regiment of Guernsey county, and as we remember now, the then editor of The Jeffersonian, McClelland, late of the Barnesville Enter- prise, and the present editor of the Guernsey Times, D. D. Taylor, mustered in this regiment, and each carried a cornstalk as well as anybody. We want to record the part that the "Cambridge Scouts,'' a company composed of
102 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
colonels, captains, lieutenants and high privates, under the immediate com- mand of Col. John Ferguson, late from the seat of war, took in the chase after "Morgan's Rough Raiders," July 15, 1863.
The "Cambridge Scouts," in command of Col. John Ferguson, under orders of Governor Tod, left Cambridge for Chillicothe, taking, at Zanesville, the Cincinnati & Wilmington railroad for Circleville. This company of seventy-five or eighty men reached Circleville sometime after dark, and slept on the soft side of the pavement until morning, experiencing at the outset a taste of grim-visaged war. Here we were breakfasted in squads, at the several hotels. Transportation by wagon was to have been ready here to take us to Chillicothe, but this had not been provided, nor could it be obtained now. for fear Morgan would capture the horses. He was reported near Chilli- cothe. with three thousand men, heading north, closely pursued by General Hobson, With the Union 'forces and militia. Our place of rendezvous was Chillicothe, where we were to be armed and equipped for war. A heavily- loaded canal boat, bound south, came along, the captain was coerced, and the company took the upper deck. All day long, amid the hot July sun, we boarded the perils of "the raging canal," as the ciy ever and anon was heard, "low bridge," when we had to flatten out to keep from being scraped off, and drowned in the green scum of the Ohio canal. Arriving at Chillicothe a little after nightfall, we found the men, women and children fleeing for their lives. We were told that Morgan was coming, and that Paint creek bridge had been burned to stop his progress. We debarked from the boat and formed com- pany on the towpath, and marched in quick step through the city, to the rail- road running south to Hampden, where the militia had formed in line to re- ceive arms, and fell into the line. All was darkness and confusion, not a light shone from any house, all places of business were closed, valuables were being carried away or secreted. The arms 'were being slowly given out. and, to make "confusion worse confounded," a report came that Morgan had cut the railroad near Hampden and was sweeping everything before him. Hun- dreds of men took arms, and strapped their cartridge boxes around them, who perhaps never before had had a gun in their hands, and moved off down the railroad, falling over the crossties and themselves, and on every hand was heard the cry. "You fool, you keep off my heels." By the time our com- pany moved down to the place of armament, the arms were exhausted, and we were given the freedom of the city, with orders to report at the place of armament in the morning, as more arms were to be sent down from Columbus. We had had no supper, and the quarters assigned was the market house, which was already jammed. As we were marching up through the city, we had
GUERNSEY COUNTY, (II I Id. I OJ$
seen a small show tent pitched on a vacant lot. We marched to it, determined to make it our quarters for the night. After some parley with the proprietor, we were allowed to march in, and for one night we "tented on the old camp ground," but not to sleep, as the boys kept up the rallying song, "We'll Rally 'round the Flag" and "Way Down in Dixie Land."
In the morning we were marched to the market house, where rations had been provided of sandwiches and coffee, to which we did ample justice, not having had anything to eat since the previous morning. Anxious to see Paint creek, and the remains of the bridge destroyed to prevent Morgan's crossing into the city, we walked down and found a good ford, which was traveled at low tide, and in summer preferred to crossing the bridge. Its destruction was one of the exciting freaks of the war, and the alarm that gave rise to its destruction was the coming of a funeral procession, with solemn tramp, all oblivious of the threatened danger of the beleaguered city. For years this bridge was not rebuilt, the commissioners of Ross county claiming that the state or the person in command, whose foolhardiness caused its destruction, should rebuild it. All day long we moved about the doomed city, awaiting arms and further orders. By even-one came rumors, that Morgan had cut his way through the main force and was pushing northward. The streets were deserted, except by the militia and a few of the citizens. No women were to be seen, the blinds of the windows were down, and death-like solemnity reigned supreme. Late in the afternoon a dispatch came that Morgan was at Portland above Pomeroy, making for Buffington's Island, where he would make an effort to cross the Ohio. We were ordered home, and late at night, we boarded a canal boat, loaded with baled hay, which we took for Circleville, making our beds on the bales of hay. The boys improvised songs with a chorus, "As We go Sailing on the Raging Canal." When we arrived at Cir- cleville the next day. the siege of Chillicothe being raised, and the imminent danger being passed, we were not so hospitably treated as we were going to the front, but had to forage for our dinners as best we could. Again taking the cars for Cambridge, we arrived late at night, after four days' service in "grim visaged war." As we marched up street, the boys sang. "Johnny's Come Home from the War."
We give below some extracts from Bazil W. Duke's article in the January Century, entitled, "A Romance of Morgan's Rough Raiders" :
"The Ohio militia were more numerous and aggressive than those of Indiana. We had frequent skirmishes with them daily, and although hun- dreds were captured, they assumed operations as soon as turned loose. What
104 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
excited in us more astonishment than all else we saw were the crowds of able- bodied men. The contrast with the South, drained of adult males to recruit her armies, was striking and suggestive of anything but confidence on our part in the result of the struggle.
"When a thirsty cavalryman rode up to a house to inquire for buttermilk, he was generally met by a buxom dame with a half dozen or more children 'peeping out from the voluminous skirts, who, in response to a question about the 'old man' would say : 'The men have all gone to a rally; you'll see them soon enough.'
"In Ohio, on more than one occasion, we found pies in deserted houses, hot from the oven, displayed on tables conveniently spread. The first time I witnessed this kind of hospitality was when I rode up to a house where a party of men were standing around a table furnished as I have described, eying the pies hungrily, but showing no disposition to trouble them. I asked in astonishment why they were so abstinent. One of them replied that they feared the pies were poisoned. I was quite sure, to the contrary, that they were intended as a propitiatory offering. I have always been fond of pies — these were of luscious apples, Swank orchard, so I bade the spokesman hand me one of the largest and proceeded to eat it. The men watched vigilantly for two or three minutes, and then, as I seemed much better after my repast, they took hold ravenously.
"Morgan had thoroughly planned the raid before he marched from Ten- nessee. He proposed at no time to be far from the Ohio river, so that he might avail himself of an opportunity to recross. On reaching the borders of Pennsylvania, he intended, if General Lee should be in the state, to make every effort to join him ; failing in that, to make his escape through West Virginia.
"At Piketown we learned that Vicksburg had fallen, and that General Lee, having been repulsed at Gettysburg, had returned across the Potomac. Under the circumstances this information was peculiarly disheartening."
(From the Jeffersonian of January 29, 1891.)
The following dispatch was sent to the military committee of Cambridge :
"Columbus, Ohio, July 22, 1863. "I think Morgan crossed the Muskingum this morning, near the south line of Noble county. Send messengers into Noble county to call out the peo- ple to obstruct the roads to the Ohio river. Be on the alert yourselves, for he may take north. "D. Tod, Governor."
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 105
A company was quickly raised and mounted, armed with rifles, pistols, shotguns and old muskets, and placed under the command of Col. John Ferguson, in the evening on the scout into Noble county. The company num- bered sixty or seventy, and was increased on the march to perhaps one hun- dred men. We arrived at Cumberland, Guernsey county, about ten o'clock at night, and after a stop for a short time, pushed on into Noble county, to lliramsburgh and Hoskinsville. Here a halt was made until daylight. A squad of four men in charge of the writer was ordered to McConnelsville to learn of Morgan's whereabouts. As near as we now remember, this squad was Elza Turner, J. R. Downar, George Frazier and another not remembered. We arrived at McConnelsville about noon. But long before we got there, we met men, women ami children fleeing from the town, giving us the informa- tion that Morgan was crossing at Eaglesport, and that "we had better turn back, or he would take us." We told them that "we were hunting for Mor- gan, and were going to take him dead or alive."
We galloped on into the town, and found all excitement and confusion and the citizens in a state of terror. There seemed to be no organization of militia, or anything that looked like fight, but some women scraping lint and preparing bandages. We stayed long enough to learn that Morgan was pass- ing around the town, then we started back to report to the command. On our way back we could hear of Morgan on another road, and we were, in fact, in his front for some time. When we got back to the command it had moved off without leaving word where. We determined to go to Cumberland.
It was now very dark, and after nightfall we pushed on as best we could, often taking the wrong road, having to dismount and examine for the road. After a time we came upon the command, which had halted on account of the darkness. We gave them our news, the first they had had concerning Mor- gan. We were now near Cumberland, and not knowing Morgan's direction, we parleyed for a time as to what course we should take. It was finally de- cided that a squad of picked men, under Lieutenant Squiers, should go for- ward to learn more of Morgan. The writer was one of the number. We moved on with caution in the darkness toward Cumberland. After advanc- ing a few miles, we met some men carrying bridles and saddles. They told us that Morgan's raiders were in Cumberland, that their horses had been taken, and they themselves detained as prisoners for a time. They said that Morgan's pickets were down at the bridge, but a short distance back. Our lieutenant proposed to the squad that we hide our arms and go down to the pickets, claiming to be farmers on our way to Cumberland to see Morgan, but the squad did not propose to give up their horses to Morgan, but pro-
I06 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
posed to go forward and run in the pickets. This the lieutenant objected to. and standing on our arms, sent back for the command to come up. Whilst waiting, we could hear Morgan's raiders reveling on the good things of the people. The town was well sacked. The pickets were soon called in. and, the command coming up. we galloped into the town by one road, Hobson and Shackleford on another. The command of Morgan were not yet all through with their pillage. We managed to take two prisoners, whom we sent under guard to Cambridge. Morgan pushed on toward Hartford, trying to burn the bridge over the creek behind him. But the pursuers were too close, and the fire was soon extinguished. One hundred well-armed men in Morgan's front, anywhere between Eaglesport and the Central Ohio railroad could have held him in check long enough to have been taken by the pursuing forces. This day, July 24th. was spent between Cumberland and Winchester, passing through Hartford, Senecaville, and at Campbell's Station checked for a time by the burning of the bridge by Morgan over Leatherwood creek and the station house. Morgan halted at Washington long enough to dine off its citizens. The town was picketed on the east and west. How well it was done the "heroes of Hyde's Hill" may in the future write up its history. Mor- gan's pickets on the south were driven in by Hobson's advance, and the whole column of raiders got out of Washington, helter-skelter, toward the north, making a stand over the hill, which is known in the history of this raid as the "battle of Washington." In this battle four of Morgan's men were killed or mortally wounded, and several prisoners taken. Another stand \vas made at Saltfork bridge, where the entire pursuing force was checked until dark, reach- ing Winchester in the night, where a long halt was made, as Morgan made a feint of going toward Birmingham, with a part of his command, but took again the Antrim road, the whole column joining again at Antrim. There had been a heavy rain in the afternoon, and it was still raining. All was darkness and confusion. The fanners were coming in to hear the news, and a general exchange of horses was going on. A detachment of troops sent down from Cambridge by wagon were being mounted as fast as horses could be conscripted. This night's ride from Winchester to Moorefield told upon pursued and pursuers. The men were drenched to the skin, saddles and blankets wet and heavy, road muddy and slippery, horses jaded and hungry, many fell by the wayside and the troopers left to plod along carrying saddle and bridle, until a horse could be captured. The pursuing forces moved on slowly through Antrim, Londonderry, and on to Smyrna. Here a halt was made to examine the road, as it was reported that Morgan's forces had taken the Freeport road. At Londonderry, the Writer was suffering severe pain in
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. IQJ
stomach and bowels. He roused up an old friend and former fellow-citizen, Doctor John McCall, who prepared us medicine that relieved our pain and sent us on our way rejoicing. And this ought to be a good enough record, when in the future a grateful state shall pension her gallant sons, who threw down the implement of peace and flew to amis and horses to chase the maraud- ers from her sacred soil. Before reaching Stillwater creek, we could see the flashes of light that told that Morgan had burned the bridge behind him. It was now two o'clock — rain pouring down, thunder and lightning adding their dashing light and rumbling roaring as on we galloped.
"Through dub and mire Despising wind and rain and fire."
He fore coming to the burning bridge, a part of the command, having a battery of two guns, made a detour up the creek to a bridge to cross over. The rest moved on down the bottom and began crossing below the burning bridge. To make this ford was dangerous and at the same time amusing. Crossing by twos, plouting into the mud and water up to the saddle skirts, plunging through, and hallooing back to those in the rear, "over" : then a steep, slippery bank had to be climbed to reach the road. This being gained, the word came back, "up." After all were over a halt was made to await the action of the party that made the crossing farther up the creek, and the entire command laid down to rest on the roadside. Here for the first time we lay down to sleep since leaving Cambridge, having confidence enough in our tired, jaded horses, that they would stand by and not tramp on the tired, water- soaked troopers.
When the bugle sounded the march, the sun was just peeping out clear and bright in the eastern horizon, and as we felt the warm, drying rays, men and horses seemed to make obeisance to the "God of Day." Our horses had nipped the grass in the fence corners and barked the rails, and were ready to gallop on. Of this day's ride of seventy-two miles from sun-up to sun-down, and the capture on the next, it is our purpose to tell in the following account.
So far the pursuit was a chase. The pursued had the advantage of the fresh horses on the line, but now Morgan was to meet opposing forces in front and flank and rear, and to use a fox-chase term, the pursuers had come to the "last straw line," and the fox is in the square.
Rev. W. M. Ferguson, of Washington, wrote of Morgan and his raiders at the time as follows :
"On Friday last, 24th, six hundred and seventy of the marauders took possession of this town. The writer conversed freely with Morgan himself
IOS GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
and with several members of his staff. They said that the Unionists were far more cruel and destructive than they, and that one object in coming across Ohio was to give us a taste of what the South had for years seen and suffered from our armies. Such a raid has never been known before. It is more than a thousand miles long from its first start in Tennessee, marked by a line of green graves — and the grandest horse exchange ever witnessed. Morgan's band stole (so Lieut. Thomas J. Morgan, John's cousin, told me) on an aver- age three hundred horses a day."
(From the Jeffersonian of February 5, 1891.) This day, Saturday, July 25, 1863, Morgan began to play the leading card on the military board. To make a crossing of the Ohio river was the desired goal. As we passed through Moorefield in the early morning, the hogs and chickens were feasting on the remains of corn and oats left by Mor- gan's horses, where they had been fed in a long line on Main street. The men had breakfasted off the citizens. So that our inquiry for something to eat was answered by, "Morgan has just eat us out." Morgan usually halted twice during the day to feed men and horses, choosing generally the small towns. The pursuing forces got what they could in feed and provisions at points between where Morgan had made his stops. These halts were made when the Union forces were farthest in the rear. The time for rest at Moore- field was gained by the burning of the bridge already detailed. Before reach- ing Cadiz, the pursued left the grade road, passing south of Cadiz through Harrisville. Here the rear guard made for a time a very determined stand, and General Hobson brought to bear upon them a light field battery, which had the effect of breaking their lines. All along as 'we neared the high river bluffs we could see the column winding up the hills or coursing along the ridges, headed by Morgan in his buggy drawn by two spirited Kentucky horses. At Georgetown another stand was made by the whole column, under the direction of Morgan himself. The different moves made for a position seemed to indicate to the writer that here the final battle and capture was to take place.
Morgan's forces were partly protected in a stretch of woods. Hobson opened fire from the field battery and endeavored to flank him on his course to the river, but again Morgan moved off with the main column, leaving the rear guard to hold in check the Union forces. This rear guard was in command of Captain Himes, mounted upon the best horses that could be picked up along the line of the raid, its object being not only to hold in check the pursuers, but to prevent any straggling of the main column and their capture. Morgan
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I Of)
made three desperate attempts to gain the river during the day, and being headed off, dashed back again in the hills, [n these dashes he passed through New Athens and Smithfield. It was an up-and-down-hill chase from valley to valley, which told severely on both men and horses. The citizens were now fully aroused, Morgan's raiders were in their midst, and the pursuing forces were being increased by mounted militiamen joining the column. As we galloped down Short creek, we passed a lone militiaman, carrying an old flint- lock musket at "right shoulder shift." lie had on his old military suit, bear- ing the old white braided herring-bone chevron of the old army of long ago, in which he had paraded, no doubt, as a member of Captain Beebe's company. lie mined along with a light, elastic step, thinking of the long past training days, when he fought the "mimic fray." But he was soon lost to sight. It was this spirit of patriotic devotion, this readiness to fly to arms that made the raid of Morgan, hold as it was, fruitless in the result.
Morgan's force struck the Steubenville grade road at right angle, west of Winterville. Here, in order to get north around Steubenville, as he was making for Smith's Ferry, there being no direct road north, without turning west or to the east through Winterville, lie parleyed for a time and was over- taken by Hobson's advance and a sharp skirmish ensued. It was said that several were killed, but we saw no dead but horses.
A young lady. Miss Dougherty, at the Maxwell house, in the line of direction of fire, was struck by a ball which passed around her body, passing out and into the wall, making a large indenture. It was reported that she was killed, but she recovered. Mrs. Arnold, of this place, was well acquainted with this young lady, and verifies these statements. The report given in the January ( 1891 ) Century is not correct as to. the killed, or as to the time of the skirmish. A Michigan soldier was wounded and afterward died.
Morgan took the road east through Winterville, his rear guard holding the Union forces in check long enough for the advance to do some pillaging. At Winterville there was a company of mounted militia, who fled helter- skelter through the town, crying, "Morgan is coming, he's down at Hanna's," and whether they were stopped by the Ohio river or fled over into West Vir- ginia we don't know". It was evident they had met Morgan and were satis- fied. The women of Winterville fled to the minister's home, and held a prayer meeting, and the men who had all the day long marched and counter- marched through the streets with "plumes and banners gay," when the cry- was heard that Morgan was coming, "marched, marched away," and took refuge in an oat field nearby. When Morgan was well on his way to Ham- monsville, and the Union forces came up, the sun sinking behind the western hills, there was a resurrection from the oat field, "nor lost a single man."
IIO GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Colonel Collier, of Steubenville, gathered up enough of the frightened militia to man and plant a cannon on the hill, and let drive at the Union forces. Gen- eral Shackle ford sent up an officer to learn who "them fools were
shooting at." The fleeing mounted militia, "when they got to Steubenville, said they had met and turned Morgan, and that he was "on to Richmond," and the city was saved. We took the road to Hammonsville and Richmond. a night's ride in the darkness. Some time in the night we were cut off from the main forces by taking the wrong road, but we pushed on, not knowing where. We were lost, and our situation became more perilous as we ad- vanced, as we might encounter Morgan or we might meet the Union forces. We called a halt until daylight. Then we went forward again, finding that we had passed west of both Hammonsville and Richmond, and were some miles from the main forces. Between nine and ten o'clock we learned that Morgan was captured and his men prisoners. This we accepted as true, and, after resting a while on the roadside, we "about faced" for home, and struck the grade road west of Winterville, and went into camp in a grove, where we quietly rested, as it was the Sabbath.
The first report of the capture proved to be only a part. Morgan was rot himself captured until that afternoon. Here we rested, rejoicing that the battle had been fought, and the capture made. This Sabbath's rest was enjoyed by both men and horses. We had plenty of sheaf oats for the horses, and plenty of food for the men, procured either by buying or by forage. So we quietly feasted and rested, until well in the day on Monday, when we broke camp, and took the road for Cadiz. In conclusion, let us sum up the events of the raid.
(The Jeffersonian. February 12, 1891.)
At the Maxwell House, "the cross roads hotel," we went in to see the young lady, Miss Dougherty, who was a victim of the raid, as described in the preceding account. Here we could more clearly see the evidence of the skirmish of Saturday. The fences were torn down, where the cavalry had charged through the fields, disabled and abandoned horses were nipping the grass by the roadside, and the dead horses remained unburied. From the Maxwell House to Cadiz, no signs of the raid were to be seen. But many of the citizens had taken time by the forelock, and hid away their horses, which they were now bringing in, all rejoicing that Morgan was captured and the raid at an end. At Cadiz we were entertained by the citizens in a very hos- pitable manner. The writer, with others from Cambridge, was entertained by our old school teacher and former citizen of Cambridge, and editor of the Guernsey Times, Richard Hatton, father of the Hon. Frank Hatton. Here
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I 1 I
we all enjoyed the pleasure of a "bivouac" on the parlor carpet, and slept the "sleep of the brave." Mrs. Hatton afforded us the best supper and breakfast that could be set up on the unexpected coming of a hungry squad, to which we did ample justice, and now at this late day we feel, as then, thankful for her generous hospitality. The people of Cadiz did not feel at all snubbed that Morgan had passed them by on the other side. A few miles west of Cadi/ we again struck the line of the raid, and on every hand we saw its effect, and heard the tales of wanton destruction of property, not only by Morgan's forces, but the Union forces as well. War means extravagance and destruc- tion.
Near to Londonderry we met Moses Sarchet and Stephen Potts, Esq., who, under appointment of Governor Tod, were out on the line of the raid, in Guernsey county, looking up the abandoned property, and having it cared for, as well as assuring the people that their damages, of whatever character, would lie paid. Governor Tod, while a war governor, looked well after the interests of the state and her citizens. YVe arrived home on Tuesday even- ing, and were received with joyous enthusiasm by the citizens of Cambridge.
The disposition of Morgan's raiders and plunderers is described as fol- lows, in the Century, by Basil \Y. Duke:
"There were very good' reasons, independent of the provost guard, why the men should not straggle far from the line of march ; but the w^ell filled stores and gaudy shop windows of the Indiana and Ohio towns seemed to stimulate, in men accustomed to impoverished and unpretentious Dixie, the propensitv to appropriate without limit or restraint. I had never before seen anything like this disposition to plunder. Our perilous situation only seemed to make the men more reckless. At the same time, anything more ludicrous than the manner in which they indulged their predatory tasks can scarcely be imagined. The weather was intensely warm, yet one man rode for three days with seven pairs of skates slung about his neck; another loaded himself with sleigh-bells. A large chafing dish, a Dutch clock, a chandelier and a bird cage, containing three canaries, were some of the articles I saw borne off and jealously fondled. Baby shoes and calico were, however, staple articles. A fellow would procure a bolt of calico, carry it carefully for a day or two, then cast it aside and get another."
The result, as summed up by General Duke :
"The expedition was of immediate benefit, since a part of the forces which would otherwise have harassed Bragg's retreat and swollen Rosecrans' muster roll at Chickamauga. were carried by the pursuit of Morgan so far northward that they were kept from participating in that battle."
112 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Orlando B. Wilson sums up from a Union standpoint in the Century, thus:
"And thus ended the greatest of Morgan's raids. By it, Bragg lost a fine large division of cavalry, that, if added to Buckner's forces, might have defeated Burnside; or, if thrown across Rosecrans' flank, or long line of sup- plv and communication, might have baffled Rosecrans altogether."
The immediate result of the raid was further to fire the Northern heart. The President had just issued a call for three hundred thousand more troops and an enrollment had been made for a draft, if quotas were not filled by volunteers. This raid stimulated volunteering, and by the time the draft was ordered in Ohio, most of the counties had filled their quotas. We have never seen a report of the full loss sustained by the citizens of Guernsey county, by this raid, as reported from time to time to the commission having the different classes of claims for adjustment, but they are now all paid.
Almost a new generation of people have come upon the stage of ac- tion since Morgan's rough raiders galloped through Guernsey, and the most of the "Cambridge Scouts" have passed their three score years, and "one by one are falling away, like leaves before the autumn wind."
"Ah, never shall the land forget
How gushed the life blood of her brave,
Gushed warm with hope and courage yet. Upon the soil they sought to save.
"Now all is calm and fresh and still ;
Alone the chirp of fleeting bird, And talk of children on the hill,
And bell of wandering kine are heard.
. "No solemn host goes trailing by
The black -mouthed gun and staggering wain; Men start not at the battle cry — Oh, lie it never heard again."
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR.
When war was declared against Spain, by President McKinley. in the spring of 1898, after the sinking of the battleship "Maine," men were wanted to enter the government's service for that war. As a rule, the state militia companies were largely used for that purpose.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 11}
The local newspapers of Cambridge had several stirring articles on the war and one item, throwing light on the first real action here, reads as follows :
"The first patriotic demonstration for war against Spain was made by the citizens of Cambridge on last Friday evening. About seven o'clock Adam Broom's drum corps, headed by the United States flag, and followed by an enthusiastic crowd, inarched up street to the Mc. and Mc. store, where young men recruit under H. F. McDonald. Stirring war speeches were made by Mayor Luccock and others to a large crowd of interested citizens, after which a number of young men signed the recruiting pledge. The recruits, old vet- erans and citizens, then marched down street to blood-stirring martial music."
Owing to the fact that there was no regular National Guard company within Guernsey county when this last war broke out. there were but few men who went from the county, save a few who served as members of the regular army.
THE CAMBRIDGE SOLDIERS' MONUMENT.
Perhaps no better history can be given of this monument than the one written, at the time, by the editor of the Times, which follows:
Tuesday, June 9, 1903, will be remembered as an eventful day in the history of Guernsey county as long as any now living shall survive, and it will be a tradition as long as the monument of granite endures. The weather clerk had promised fair weather, and came very near to filling the bill, except that during the noon recess there were showers, which cooled the atmos- phere and gave an enjoyable after part of the day and a glorious evening.
Early in the morning all Cambridge was astir, and soon the crowd came from every quarter of the county as for a holiday of great sacredness of interest.
There was no parade on the program, nor band show. The Electric Park or Consolidated Band and the Winchester Drum Corps, with Superintendent Cronebaugh and Professor LaChat's High School Glee Club, gave the best of music, timed as directed, alternating .with the addresses.
A little after nine thirty o'clock Editor David D. Taylor, chairman of the board of trustees of the Guernsey County Monumental Association, called the crowd at the Public Square to order and asked the people to stand silently while Rev. Dr. McFarland made the invocation. Mr. Taylor also presented Hon. Milton Turner to preside over the further exercises of the day, as chairman of the building trustees appointed by the county commissioners. Mr. Turner was greeted with applause, and spoke as follows :
"The history of this soldiers' monument is briefly this : About ten years
(8)
114 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
ago a movement was started to build a soldiers' monument by subscription. A charter was taken out, and an association formed under the name of the Guernsey County Monumental Association. Fifteen thousand fine litho- graphed life membership certificates were procured and a regular campaign opened up by holding meetings in each township of the county. The con- stitution provided that any man, woman or child, white or colored, could become a lifetime voting member upon the payment of one dollar. A vice- president was appointed in each township, and a book of blank certificates left in his hands to be sold to all who wished to become members. After the expiration of two years the books were called in, and did not show sufficient receipts to pay the expenses of the campaigns, so the project was abandoned and we went into the show business. A hall was fitted up in one of Colonel Taylor's buildings, and a series of entertainments were given during the win- ter by the ladies and gentlemen of the association. Star actors appeared on the stage in the persons of Hon. D. D. Taylor, Alfred Weedon, A. K. Broom, Capt. A. A. Taylor, J. C. Carver, and H. F. McDonald, supported by a strong coterie of the best ladies of the town. The public was entertained once or twice a week with a good performance for the sum of ten cents. Money accumulated slowly but surely, and the property man reported an accumula- tion of over four hundred dollars in paraphernalia, pictures, etc. But, alas, the dread fire fiend in the dead hours of the night stole upon us, and reduced the amphitheater to ashes. For six long years the movement lay dormant, until the monumental association again arose, Phoenix-like, and applied to the Legislature for a special act authorizing the county commissioners to levy a tax in the sum of fifteen thousand dollars. The bill was pushed through the House by the Hon. W. L. Simpson, and Hon. J. E. Hurst did not let it stick in the Senate. The county commissioners acted promptly un- der its provisions and appointed three members of a building committee and the monumental trustees appointed three, as was also provided for in the act."
The building committee are, in addition to Milton Turner, president ; I. A. Oldham, secretary; A. A. Taylor, treasurer; J. O. Mcllyar, A. K. Broom and Thomas Smith, and their names are carved on the monument in the rear of the figure of the cavalryman, underneath the "Erected by the Monumental Association and Commissioners of Guernsey County, 1903."
In the midst of the reading by Mr. Turner, the monument was unveiled by himself and little granddaughter, Ruth McMahon, amidst the plaudits of the people. There was a hitch in the proceeding, but the veil yielded to some stout pulling, and the Glee Club sang the "Soldiers' Chorus."
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 1 IS
The response of the county commissioners accepting the monument was by II. W. Luccock, in his usual neat and eloquent manner. There fol- lowed a beautiful medley of national airs by the band, after which Gen. R. B. Brown, of Zanesville, made an impressive address. After further singing and music by the band and drum corps, there was a recess until two o'clock. The following is a brief account of the afternoon exercises:
Hon. Ralph D. Cole, of Findlay, the star orator of the last two Legisla- tures, made the oration of the afternoon. Senator Hurst telegraphed from Xew Philadelphia that he could not come. Freeman T. Eagleson was in- troduced by Mr. Turner as the next representative -from Guernsey county. This sentiment, as well as his magnificent speech, was cheered to the echo. There followed speeches by Hon. W. L. Simpson, John L. Locke, and, in closing. Editor D. D. Taylor made an address. After more music, and a few remarks by Chairman Turner, Rev. Pope pronounced the benediction.
soldiers' graves. (From Colonel Sarchet's Writings.)
The soldiers buried in the old graveyard, as near as we can now remem- ber, are : Of the Revolutionary war, Capt. Thomas Cook, Capt. James Jack, Thomas Lawrence, John Linn, Robert Moffett, Christopher Donover, Sr., and Robert Chambers; of the war of 1812, Maj. James Dunlap, Capt. James Harding, Capt. Cyrus P. Beatty, Lieut. Wyatt Hutchison, Lieut. David Burt, Privates John Hutchison, James Turner, Andrew McConehay, Andrew Mar- shall, James Kelley, Joseph Lofland, William Talbott, Rodney Talbott, Peter Stears, Peter Torode, John Bollen, John McKee, James Thomas and Christo- pher Donover, Jr., and of the Mexican war-, John Clark.
Joseph Lofland was a soldier in the regiment of Col. Jonathan Meigs and was with the army of the Northwest when it was surrendered to the British at Detroit by Gen. Joseph Hull.
From the number of names we have given as buried in the old graveyard, which is perhaps imperfect, it will be seen that that neglected two acres con- tain as many soldiers' graves in proportion to area as does the city cemetery. It is a graveyard filled with the graves of heroes, heroes of the wars that gave liberty to the struggling colonies and the heroes who endured all the dan- gers incident to the pioneer settlement; heroes all; let the dust of their shrines be the Mecca of the future city of Cambridge.
And besides the soldiers we have named there are buried in it : John Ferguson, one of the Irish Rebels of 1790; Francis Donsouchett, a soldier
110 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
of the French arm}' of the First Napoleon, and all of the pioneer settlers, the Gombers, Beattys, Sarchets, Tingles, Hollers, Bichards, Lenfestys, Hu- berts, McClenahans, Talbotts, Bells, Hutchinsons, Halleys, Stewarts and others.
GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC.
The Grand Army of the Republic, which was formed all over the Northern states a few years after the Civil war, was early in the field in Guernsey county, and had various posts organized, but with the passing of these more than forty-five years since that conflict closed, the soldiers have died in such great numbers that only a few posts are in existence today, and the most of the fraternal interest is now centered at Cambridge, where the Cambridge Post was formed in the late seventies, went down and was reorganized in February', 1884, as Post No. 343. It now has a membership of about one hundred and fifty, but of this number only ninety-seven are in good standing.
The 1910 officers are: Commander, Alfred Weeden; senior vice-com- mander, D. T. Jeffries; junior vice-commander, George H. Stottlemire; chap- lain, Dr. F. A. Brown; quartermaster, D. W. Nossett; surgeon, Stewart Harris; officer of the day, Joseph McGill; officer of the guard, James Al- ba'ugh; adjutant, John Hamilton; quartermaster sergeant, C. F. Camp; sergeant-major, William Priaulx.
The past commanders include these : Charles L. Campbell, Hugh Mc- Donald, A. A. Taylor, Alfred Weeden, Henry Coffman, Robert Hammond, W. H. C. Hanna, J. C. Carver, R. H. Dilley, D. T. Jeffries and B. S. Herring. The deceased of this number are Messrs. Taylor, Coffman, Ham- mond and Herring.
At the old Cambridge cemetery there is a soldiers' square in which the annual Memorial services are held. In 1905 the Woman's Relief Corps caused to be erected a handsome monument dedicated to the "Unknown Dead." It is about twenty feet in height and properly inscribed.
William Reed was one of the soldiers from Guernsey county who par- ticipated in the famous battle on Lake Erie, in which Commodore Perry was hero, and in the fine oil painting of that lake engagement, now gracing the rotunda of the State House, at Columbus, the figure of the man manfully plying an oar, while his face was tied up with a handkerchief, with blood running down over him. is none other than this man, William Reed, of this county.
CHAPTER VIII.
EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF COUNTY.
Guernsey, in common with almost every county in Ohio, from the earliest settlement, sought to provide good schools, both of a private and public character. Liberality has been the rule from the days when lands were given for such purpose, even to the present time, when none but mod- ern buildings and the best of instructors are furnished to the people, cost what it does, and the taxpayers, as a rule, are not complainers of the amount of money thus expended.
Up to 1836. when the public school system was enacted by the Ohio Legislature, there had been no regular educational system, or regular public school building erected within the county. Private schools were taught in the various settlements. Anybody who desired to teach school got up a subscription paper proposing to teach a school for thirteen weeks, and the branches taught were the alphabet, spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic. There were eight school districts formed before Cambridge was set off as No. 9 in 1836. The first school taught in the town, however, was in the winter of 1809-10. by John Beatty, a Virginian, and the brother of Zac- cheus Beatty. one of the town's founders.
The author of this work wrote the following concerning the first free school in Cambridge, for the columns of the Herald, in the autumn of 1902, and the same is the best authority now at hand on this subject:
FIRST FREE SCHOOL IN CAMBRIDGE.
Professor John McBumey handed to us an article of agreement, dated February 25. 1833, between Joseph Bute, John B. Thompson and John Hersh, Jr., directors of school district No. 7, in Cambridge township, Guern- sey county, Ohio, of one part, and Andrew Magee, teacher, of the other part, to-wit :
"The said directors agree to employ Andrew Magee, teacher of a com- mon school, in said district, for a period of three months, commencing the first day of February, and ending on the 12th day of May. free for all chil-
I iS GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
dren between the ages of four and twenty-one years, agreeable to the thirty- fourth section of the Ohio school law, passed March 2, 1831, and in con- sideration of his services as teacher, they do hereby engage to pay over to said teacher, at the close of such quarter, the sum of seventy-five dollars, out of the school funds belonging to said district. And the said Andrew Magee agrees with the directors that he will teach the several branches of an English education specified in the certificate of qualification granted by the board of school examiners of Guernsey county, according to the best of his abilities — to keep the same open for school exercises from eight to twelve o'clock in the forenoon, and from one to four o'clock on the "after- noon of each day of the week. Saturday afternoon excepted, from the twelfth dav of February to the first day of April next, and from eight to twelve o'clock in forenoon, and from half-past one o'clock to five o'clock in the afternoon of each day thereafter, to provide at his costs for use of said school, the room, desks and fuel necessary, and moreover to use all reason- able diligence and attention toward the improvement of those attending school."
School district Xo. 7 comprised all of the town of Cambridge west of the public square, extending north to Wills creek, and west and north of the National road to the Adams township line. Moses Sarchet was the clerk of the district, and Ebenezer Smith treasurer. At that time Joseph Bute resided in the old David Burt house, which covered the front of the lot now occupied by the Burgess, Schaser and Zanhiser properties. John B. Thompson resided in a small frame house on the lot now occupied by the Hutchison block. John Hersh was then editor and proprietor of the Guernsey Times, and resided in a frame house, corner of Steubenville avenue and Seventh street, on the lot now the residences of Dr. C. A. Moore and Rev. Dr. Milli- gan. The Guernsey Times office was in a small frame house on the same lot. The school was in the old Masonic building on North Seventh street. Moses Sarchet resided in the Burgess house, corner of North Eighth street and Steubenville avenue, and Ebenezer Smith resided on North Sixth street, in what was known as the Hersh house, and later the site of the Gooderl house.
This quarter of three months' free school was the first altogether free school in Cambridge township, and at the same time there was a school in District Xo. 6, which comprised the east of the township for a considerable distance east. At all the schools, heretofore, the state school fund was ap- plied for the payment of teachers, but was not sufficient, and the residue was made up by levying a percentage on each scholar in attendance, which had to be collected by the teacher.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I Hi
The paper cm which the article of agreement is written is well preserved, and should he kept in the school library, as a record of the first free school in Cambridge. The writer was a scholar in the school taught by Andrew Magee, and twenty-two years later was married by Rev. Andrew Magee, so thai with him he began a school life and matrimonial life.
OUR SCHOOLS.
Continuing, the same writer says of the schools in general:
Charles Marquand in early days taught a school in a house on the Kirk- patrick lot, on Wheeling avenue and South Ninth street. He was a good scholar and a first-class penman. Some of the scholars of this school after- ward filled some of the county offices. One of these. Jacob G. Metcalf, was an ambidexter, writing a good legible hand, as the records of the county will show. Judge Joseph D. Tingle and Moses Sarchet, Esq., were, per- haps, the last living scholars of the Campbell school. Mrs. Nancy B. Noble, Mrs. Nancy P.. Albright, Mrs. Samuel H. Oldham and Mrs. Margaret Thompson were scholars of the Marquand school. These schools were all subscription schools. After these, there was a school taught by John W. Kipi>. in a part of the Ogier house on Wheeling avenue. This school was party paid by the state school funds and partly by assessment per scholar. Kipp was the compiler of a spelling hook, called "Kipp's Speller." This book and tuition could be paid for in trade: bees-wax. gentian, furs and snake root were regarded as cash, and were the staple articles at that time. A file of the first volume of the Guernsey Times. 1824, will show an advertisement of the "Cambridge Academy." William Sedgwick, teacher. This academy was located on the brow of the hill on the Harris lot. Wheeling avenue, in a small frame building. An eccentric old German, Elias Entz, had a saddle and harness shop in the front room, and the academy was in the rear. Entz was a teacher, as well as Sedgwick, and while Sedgwick, in the rear, was teaching the young idea how to shoot. Entz, in the front, was teaching the ravens how to talk, and notably one "Bony." whose fame as a talker was known from east to west along the old Wheeling road, afterward the National road. It may he that this academy was of great advantage to "Bony," and that his ravenship when on his perch in the saddler-shop gathered in the A I! C's and T O U's as the groundwork for his afterward successful raven scholar- ship. "Bony." when out on his perch in front of the shop, would help the teamsters drive up the hill by clucking. "Get up there,'' "Whoa haw." "Go
120 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
up." etc. He would whistle up the dogs, and then cry, "Go home, you whelps." He would cry out to pedestrians, "Stop!" and then laugh at their surprise. And while all this was going on, the old German would be stitching away, enjoying the fun as prompter behind the scenes.
In 1825 the Legislature passed a law requiring a tax to be levied for the support of schools. But it was eight or ten years after before even this fund came to be available for the payment of teachers, and then for not more than three or four months during the winter season. As we have said, the Kipp school had the advantage of this fund, but the law then only granted the power to levy, and levies were only made by the school boards to afford a sum for the part payment of teachers, leaving the parents who were con- sidered able to make up the balance. William Sedgwick was one of the early Baptist ministers of this section of Ohio, and often preached in Cam- bridge, and at the time of his academy taught a Bible-reading school on Sun- dav in the grand jury room of the old court house, which was attended by old and young of all denominations, and as these were the days of contro- versy, as to election and reprobation, sprinkling and dipping, there were often some very spirited and angry discussions.
The first altogether free school began, within the knowledge of the writer, about the year 1834-35. Andrew Magee, afterward a preacher of the Methodist Episcopal church in the Pittsburg conference, was the first teacher. This school was in the lower room of the old Freemason lodge, now a part of the McConehey building on North Seventh street. The floor was of brick, and the benches were of the primitive style, slabs with pins for support, and the desks for writing were rough boards pinned up around the wall on one side, at which those who were advanced to writing took turns. The teacher meanwhile mended the goose-quill pens, and set the copies, "Command you may your mind from play, every moment of the day." The ink. often made out of polkberry juice or copperas, was hung to the wall in a bottle. The day of ink-stands was not yet. The boy or girl who had a slate, or a real slate pencil, belonged to the "upper ten" of that day, and even the boy who had a piece of slate handed down from away back, and a soap- stone pencil, was a subject of some envy by those who had only a multipli- cation table roughly prepared on a piece of paper. This was the first step toward the slate, and when the slate came, how soon the average boy or girl became an artist, and horses, dogs, houses and kites often took the place of figures and brought to the back of the busy artist the ever-indispensable hickory, for it was by might and power the master reigned, his right no one to dispute.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 121
Prior to 1838, Richard Hatton taught several terms of three months' school. In the winter of 1837 or 1838 the town was divided, and there were two free schools, called the up-town and down-town. The down-town school was taught by a Mr. Lowry; the up-town by an Irishman, William Latimore. At Christmas came the bar-out ; this custom followed the free school. The day before- Christmas the terms of the treat, usually gingerbread, cider and apples, were written out and laid before the teacher for his approval or re- jection. If rejected, the next morning found the schoolroom in possession of the larger boys, the doors and windows well barricaded, and supplies of fuel and provisions laid up for a long siege. The demand to open the door by the teacher or directors was answered by a demand to sign the protocol. Sometimes the teacher succeeded in entering the house, and subduing the rebellion, but most generally the boys succeeded in holding the house until the besiegers surrendered. This was reversing the order of warfare; but sometimes some moat or breastwork was left poorly guarded, and a daring sally forced through an entrance, and the fort was taken and the boys led away to be beaten afterward with many stripes, and the little fellows on the outside, whose mouths had been watering for gingerbread and cider, looked on with hope deferred to some other day. On the day before Christmas, Lowry, whose school was in the basement of the old Methodist Protestant church, found the door barricaded and the boys in possession. He had re- fused to agree to the terms. He soon found an unprotected point, by an entrance through a trap door, from the church above, which he opened and bounded down into the room, and demanded surrender in terms as imperious as old Ethan Allen at Ticonderoga, when he demanded the surrender of the fort in the name of the "Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress," but the besieged didn't surrender. They pounced onto Lowry, and, opening the door, took him down the hill, overlooking the stone quarry, and, taking him by the arms and legs, they proposed to swing him over, counting "one, two, three," and then, if no cry of surrender was heard, to let him flicker, but he cried "Cavy." The school was resumed, and the gingerbread, cider and apples passed around. At the up-town school, the old Irishman, Latimore, met with the same resistance. This school was in a log cabin that stood on the Milner lot, Wheeling avenue. Latimore soon decided that he would scale the fort and smoke the boys out. He got a ladder, and was soon on the roof, covering the chimney with clapboards off the roof. The boys did not long stand the smoke within, but bounded out and secured the ladder before Latimore could get to it, and they had him treed. After they had marched around less than seven times, he demanded that he be let down and he would
122 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
comply with their terms, and the gingerbread, cider and apples were passed around. This was a custom of barbarous days, and is happily now no more, but it was no more barbarous than is the custom of hazing, now practiced in the best colleges of the land.
We have now passed over the schools of Cambridge from the first in iSnj to the beginning of the free schools in 1836. We have not given all the schools, having named only those that seemed to be of the most note. During these years there were schools taught by Reverend Mills, a Presby- terian preacher, John McGuire, William Walker, C. J. Albright, Joshua Hunt. A. W. Beatty, J. D. Tingle, Mrs. Rhoda Needham. Miss Mary Hersh, Miss La Baire, Miss Gibbs and perhaps others. These were all the ungraded scholars, and they brought such books as they had, the "English Reader," "Introduction to the English Reader," and the Testament. These were the general reading books. Dillworth's and the "United States" were the spelling books. Arithmetics were the "Western Calculator," Smith's and Parke's. Uriah Parke lived at Zanesville, and his arithmetic was pub- lished, we believe, by himself, he being a printer. Owley's Geography was just coming into use. The Dillworth Speller was a partial geography, giv- ing a description of the earth and its grand divisions, and a more general description of the United States.
The one main feature of these schools was the spelling class, which formed in a line on one side of the schoolroom, and the graduation was from foot to head. The lesson was first spelled by use of the book, then the book was closed, and the strife for head began. If a word was mis- spelled, it passed to the next until spelled, then the speller went up, and the strife was more animated when the lucky speller, if a boy, would chance to lie placed between two girls that he liked, and in those days the boys liked the girls, for in the fly-leaves of the spelling-books might have been found this stanza :
"The rose is red, the violet blue, Sugar is sweet, and so are you."
The rod of correction had a more general use then than now, and the idle fool got whipped at school, and the dunce wore the "dunce-cap."
In 1838, William Sedgwick, on the part of the Cambridge lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, deeded to the "Cambridge Academy" lot 82 in Steubenville avenue, now the McConehey lot. This was a corporation under the laws of Ohio. Dr. Thomas Miller, Gordon Lofland, Jacob G. Metcalf, James M. Bell and Moses Sarchet were the incorporators and
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I 23
directors. This academy was opened in the fall of [838, William Ellis, principal and teacher. The academy sessions were for live months, and the tuition eight dollars per session. Tt was expected that the scholarship would pay all expenses, if not, the corporation guaranteed the payment. This school or .academy was the first attempt toward a graded school in Cam- bridge, and the hoys and girls of this school were supposed to be higher up than the common herd, ami were called by way of derision "upper crust," or "college bred." This academy was carried on with varied success, under the principalship of William FJlis, Mitchell Miller and Thomas Brown, until 1844. Thomas Brown, the last principal, brother of Turner G. Brown, of Cambridge, is said to have been the first common school teacher of Guernsey county who received twenty dollars per month for teaching. The writer of this passed out of this academy at the age of fourteen years, with a grade above ninety-five, in algebra, mensuration, geometry, trigonometry, surveying and history, which was the curriculum of the last session, having, as was then supposed, an education high enough for all practical purposes, and has regretted so far in his life that he failed to continue through the years from fourteen to twenty, which are the years of life, whether of boy or girl, that will tell if improved, in the manhood or womanhood of those who are so fortunate as to have the opportunity. A man or woman may educate himself, and this self-education may be of more practical advantage than that of the school, but its acquirement after entering upon the active duties of life means self-sacrifice and labor that but few are read)* to make.
The "old lodge." as this academy was called, was embellished with paper on the walls, representing Chinese towers and scenery, grand marches and imposing burials of orders, going back, perhaps, to the days of Confucius, and the border round the ceiling consisted of the pictures of Washington and Lafayette, as the two representative Masons. In this old room was held our Philomathean society, where we orated, declaimed and essayed, as young Ciceros: but 'following, as this did, the great Morgan anti-Masonic wave, we sometimes sat in awe and trembling, thinking that the ghost of some re- vealer of the "mysterious glorious science" might troop through the room headless, or shackled with clanking chains, as the representative of the dark mysteries which seemed to attach themselves to the order that was then thought to have abducted William Morgan. Morgan lived in the town of Batavia, Xew York. and. it was said, was about to publish an exposure of the secrets of Masonry in connection with the editor of the Republican Adz'ocatc, who, as well as Morgan, had been a member of the Masonic order. While this rumor of the exposure of Masonry, about to be made,
124 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
spread through the country, the community was startled by tidings that Morgan had been seized and carried off, no one knew where. The greatest excitement spread throughout the community, committees of vigilance were formed, and an investigation initiated, which resulted in tracing the ab- ductors and their victims out upon Lake Ontario, and led to the belief that Morgan had been consigned to its depths, as no trace of him was further heard. This gave rise to the anti-Masonic party, which sprang up in New York and Pennsylvania in 1827, and later in Ohio. Joseph Ritner was chosen governor of Pennsylvania in 1835 as an anti-Mason. The abduction of Morgan did not prevent the publication of the proposed exposure. Mor- gan's book was published and others that claimed to give the regulations, signs, ceremonies and passwords of the order and its traditional secrets. However true these books may have been, and the political opposition which was the outgrowth of the times, Masonry, for awhile, was under a ban, and it was ten years or more before a lodge could be reinstituted, here in Cambridge, and we know from past experience that the average boy of twelve years of age, at that day, after hearing the wonderful tales about the "Morgan killers," had to whistle up a good deal of courage to sit in a deserted lodge room, dimly lighted with tallow candles, where once the tra- ditional goat bounded from cliff to cliff and the clanking chains were heard that bound the victim to unbrotherly servitude, and no flash of the mystic light shone on his way as he traveled toward the ineffable.
DISTRICT SCHOOL NOTICE.
(Published in the Guernsey Times. January 12, 1S38-9.)
"Notice is hereby given to all persons residing within the corporate limits
of the town of Cambridge, that a district school will be taught by Mr. Hatton
in the Academy for a period of three months, commencing on Monday, the
fifth day of November inst. And also that a district school will be taught
by Miss Haft in Mrs. McCleary's house immediately east of the court house
for the same time, and commencing on the same day. For the present, the
male scholars are directed to attend the school to be taught by Mr. Hatton.
and the females the school taught by Miss Haft. Said schools will be
entirely free to all children residing within the corporate limits of said
town, who are by law entitled to attend a district school. No part of the
teacher's compensation will be assessed upon the scholars who may attend.
"By orders of the Directors.
"Cambridge, November 3. 1838. J. G. Metcalf, D. C."
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 125
Nowadays, when the position of teacher in the schools is open, there are countless applicants, but in the earlier days a competent teacher was by no means easy to secure, as the following advertisement from the Guernsey limes of December 7, 1839, testifies:
"a teacher wanted.
"A person who can come recommended, as to character and qualifica- tion as a common school teacher, can get employment by inquiring of the directors of the Tenth school district in Londonderry township.
"Jas. McCollough, "Jno. Miller, "T. G. Brown, "November 23, 1839. School Directors."
more on the schools.
Rev. "William Wallace, Thomas Beahan, William Allison, John K. Fes- ler, Moses Oldham and William Morton were teachers of free schools in the old lodge before the adoption by the school district of the union school law, known as the Akron school law. There were also women teachers, in connection with these, Mrs. Martha Carnes, Miss Dorcas Reed, Miss Sarah Metcalf, Miss Anna M. Beatty and others.
The union school was organized in 1850 with Robert B. Moore, C. L. Madison, Thomas W. Peacock, Samuel Craig, James Hunter and Matthew Gaston as directors. The school building, the old lodge, was enlarged to four rooms. William M. Lyons was principal, Miss Dorcas Reed, Miss Lou Hill and Miss Kate McCluskey, teachers. William M. Lyons was a brother of Lord Lyons, once a minister from England to the United States. He took great pride in his high connection, and never tired in letting everybody know that he was the brother of a lord.
"A king can made a belted knight,
A marquis, duke or squire. But an honest man's above his might,
He's prince of men, and a' that."
Lyons came here as a portrait painter, and it may be that some of his work is yet extant in Cambridge.
126 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
The Methodist Protestant church located a college here in 1850, and began its erection. Its site was the present site of the new school building on Wheeling avenue. This building was three stories in height, but was never completed. It was badly demolished by a cyclone which visited Cam- bridge in May. 1852. This so crippled the enterprise, which was in a critical financial state, that the project was abandoned. The building was bought for school purposes by the directors, raised to a two-story building containing five rooms, and was occupied for school purposes in i860, John McClen- ahan, principal. He resigned in 1861, entering the army as captain of a com- pany in the Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This building was enlarged in 1865-66 by two additional rooms, and was destroyed by fire in September, 1*871, the school being continued in rented rooms in different parts of the town, until the building and completion of the present central school build- ing, first occupied in February, 1874.
After the burning of the school building, a public meeting of the voters of the district was held in the court house, with a view of instructing the directors as to rebuilding. The question submitted was whether two build- ings, one in the east and one in the west, should be built, or one central building, and a majority favored one central building. The directors bought a hole, the present site, and began to fill it up with earth and stone, but never succeeded, as the present elevation very plainly shows. Of the first directors named, all are dead but C. L. Madison. They were not connected with the last building, and only a part of them with the second. Professor Lyons was followed by James McClain, J. C. Douglass, Levi C. Brown, W. K. Gooderl, C. C. B. Duncan, John McClenahan and Samuel Kirkwood, now professor in Wooster University at Wooster, Ohio. Kirkwood resigned, and his term was finished out by John S. Speer.
John S. Speer was followed by Thomas Smith, and he by Prof. John McBurney. This brings the history of the schools down to a time with which almost everyone is familiar. Great and wise is the provision of the United States setting aside one-thirty-sixth part of all the lands to the state to afford a free education of its youth, with the hope that all the youth of the state may avail themselves of this gratuitous education, that knowledge may abound and truth and righteousness reign supreme in the land, and that intelligence and sobriety shall measure the advancing step toward universal brotherhood.
CAMBRIDGE SCHOOLS.
The following history of the Cambridge schools was written by Wilson McMahon, a pupil in them, and read as an essay in his room. It was pub-
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 127
lished in the Jeffersonian in June, 1880, and is so complete an account of important facts in the educational history of the county that it is worthy of preservation in the public press:
In the winter of 1809-10, the first school in Cambridge was taught by John Beatty, a Virginian, and a brother of Col. Zaccheus Beatty, one of the founders and original proprietors of the town. It was held in one of the several small cabins which stood on the north bank of Wills creek, near where the old bridge crossed that stream. He was succeeded by his sister, Mrs. Sarah McClenahan, who taught a school in one of the rooms of her father's dwelling-house, which stood on Lot No. 62. The next schools were held in a log building, that stood on Lot No. 21, and were taught by John W. Kipp, who afterward compiled a speller that was published; Elijah Dyson, the first sheriff of Guernsey county, and a man by the name of Acheson.
During the winter of 181 3- 14, a school "was taught in the same place by Thomas Campbell, the father of the late Rev. Alexander Campbell, of Bethany, West Virginia. From this time until the organization of the public schools under the act of 1836, there was no regular school building or any system of education established. Anybody who desired to teach got up a subscription paper proposing to teach a school upon certain terms — these usually being fifty cents per scholar for thirteen weeks — and the branches taught were the alphabet, spelling, reading, writing and arithmetic. The parents gave little attention to the schools. The teachers, generally, were not very profound scholars; they went in on their muscle, and if they suc- ceeded in maintaining their authority no one complained.
Upon the organization of the public schools in 1836, Cambridge became school district No. 9. Andrew Magee was the first district school teacher. In 1843, Thomas and William Brown taught what they called the Academy.
William Morton, who taught in the school building now the McConehay property on Steubenville and Pine streets, from 1847 to I§49' 's entitled to notice as the best mathematician and most thorough grammarian in the state of Ohio. He taught the boys, and Mrs. Karnes the girls. Mr. Morton had about ninety boys in his classes, the names of most of whom were after- ward borne upon the honorable rolls of the volunteers in the war of 1861. On the original rolls of the school appear the names of Moore, Rainey, Lofland, Metcalf, Grimes, Salmon, Jefferson, Logan, Evans, Tingle, Brown, Bonnell, Hirsch, etc. Lemuel Bonnell was assistant teacher for some time.
The Union school was organized in 1850. and William M. Lyons, a younger brother of Lord Lyons, the late minister from England to the United States, became the first principal, at a salary of thirty-five dollars per month. Mr. Lyons is now living in Zanesville. Ohio, on a pension which
128 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
he receives from his brother. Then the school had but four rooms, the fourth room being taught by the principal. Under Principal Lyons the teachers were Miss Lou Hill, Miss Kate McCluskey and Miss Dorcas Reed.
The principals from 1850 to 1853 were William M. Lyons, James Mc- Clain, Miss Dorcas Reed and Joseph D. Tingle; salary, thirty-five dollars per month; from 1853 to 1857, J. C. Douglass, Levi C. Brown, W. K. Gooderl and C. C. B. Duncan; salary, forty dollars per month; from 1858 to 1861, John McClenahan was principal at sixty dollars per month. In 1861 he resigned his position to recruit a company for the Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which he afterward became colonel. In August, 1861, Samuel Kirkwood, now professor of mathematics at Wooster University, Wooster, Ohio, be- came the first superintendent at a salary of four hundred and fifty dollars a year; but Mr. Kirkwood leaving before the year was out, John Speer finished the term. He was succeeded by Thomas H. Smith, at a salary of six hundred dollars a year. In August, 1866, Prof. John McBurney, now pro- fessor of natural science in Muskingum College at New Concord, was elected superintendent, at a salary of five hundred and forty dollars a year, which was afterward increased to one thousand two hundred dollars a year. In 1880 he was succeeded by Prof. J. E. Williams, at a salary of one thousand dollars a year.
The high school was organized in 1869. The following are the names of the teachers, with the time they taught: Prof. John McBurney, four years; T. H. Anderson, one term; Rev. W. V. Milligan, three years; William Fleming, one month; Miss Means, three years; J. H. Mackey, two terms; I. A. Tannehill, one year; E. L. Abbey, one year.
In 1872, the first class, composed of four girls, was graduated. After the loss of the former school building, and while the present building was in process of erection, the schools occupied such rooms as could be procured for them, and were subjected to every inconvenience. As a result, there were no classes graduated in 1873-74, but afterward they were graduated as follows :
Boys. Girls.
1875 " 8
1876 2 7
1877 3 2
1878 5 6
1879 3 8
1880 5 11
Total 18 46
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I Ji)
In all. sixty-four. This year's graduating class was composed of four boys and seven girls, which, added to the above, will make twenty-two boys and fifty-three girls, making the total number of graduates seventy-five.
Changes in classification, grading, course of study and methods of in- struction and of examining have been made from time to time, as the interests of the school seemed to require. The present course of study embraces all branches of a thorough and complete English education, together with Ger- man and Latin.
In iSdo a building in the east end of town was purchased for one thou- sand two hundred and one dollars, and finished for school purposes for five thousand dollars, making a total cost of six thousand two hundred and one dollars. It contained five rooms, to which two more were added in 1866. This building was destroyed by fire September 27, 1871. In January, 1872, lots Nos. 126, 127 and 128, on Steubenville street, were purchased and the present building erected, at a total cost of fifty-four thousand dollars. It was first occupied February 16, 1874. There were nine teachers when they first went into the present building, but in a few days another room was fitted up, and another teacher engaged. Xow, twelve well-trained and expe- rienced teachers are engaged nine months in the year, in the instruction of six hundred and thirty children, at a cost, for 1876. of four thousand eight hundred and forty dollars ; this year, four thousand nine hundred and seventy- two dollars. The present building contains eleven large rooms, besides the superintendent's office, and his recitation room. Part of the basement is used as a storeroom, and one room is fitted up as a dining room. The build- ing has a seating capacity of about seven hundred, but it has not the capacity for as careful and accurate a system of grading as it should have. However, it is one of the best in the state, and reflects much credit upon the enterprise of the people of Cambridge. The school taxes us at a rate of nine mills, but is worthy of jts costly support. The only things it seems to need at present are a small library of the commonest books of reference and apparatus for philosophical and scientific explanation.
With the further growth of the city, other school houses were demanded and were built in about the following order of construction : The Lofland school was erected in 1895, at a cost of fifteen thousand dollars, the same being located on Fourth street, and is in an excellent condition.
The South Side school was erected in 1893, costing twenty-eight thou- sand dollars.
(9)
I3O GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Orchard Place school building was erected in 1906 and opened January 1, 1907. Its cost was twenty-three thousand dollars, and two thousand more for grounds.
The same date last mentioned the Glass Plant addition school building was opened ; it is a fine brick structure, costing ten thousand dollars.
The latest and by all odds the finest school building in all this section of Ohio was the present Brown high school, containing twenty rooms, all modern throughout, as to heating, lighting and sanitary equipment. It is located on Steubenville avenue, between Eighth and Ninth streets. Its cost was sixty thousand dollars, besides ten thousand dollars for grounds and im- provements of same. It is built of flinty vitralized brick. The building was first occupied for school purposes January 1, 19 10. The total valuation of school property in Cambridge is one hundred and sixty thousand dollars.
The schools of Cambridge have been under the charge of the following principals and superintendents since 1850: William M. Lyons, John Mc- Clanahan, James McClain. J. C. Douglass, L. C. Brown. W. K. Goderel, C. C. B. Duncan, John McClanahan, Samuel Kirkwood. John Speer, Thomas Smith, Prof. John McBurney. Prof. Williams. Prof. Yarnell. Prof. Abbe, Prof. O. T. Caron. Prof. H. B. Williams, Prof. C. L. Cronebaugh, Prof. J. M. Carr, Prof. H. Z. Hobson, who came in 1905
According to the 1908 state school reports, Cambridge had an enumera- tion of 3.210 pupils and an enrollment of 2,276. Daily average attendance, 1.935. I'1 tne high school there were at that date 76 boys and 88 girls. The population was then fixed at 8,241. The expenditures for that year were $51,807.
THE FIRST COMMENCEMENT.
[The following- article was written by request especially for the Guern- sey Times. The author is the venerable Doctor John McBurney. who for many years was connected with the local schools. He was superintendent at the time of the first commencement in 1872.]
The first commencement of the Cambridge high school, held in the old town hall, June 7, 1872, was, viewed from our present standpoint, a very modest affair, though at that time it created quite an interest.
All that was needed to prepare the place in which it was held was to turn the benches in the west half of the hall to face the east and the stage. This was made necessary because at that time the hall accommodated two schools, separated from each other by having the pupils of the first grammar school face the east and those of the second face the west. At one o'clock
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I .i I
on the —tli day of June, thirty-four years ago, the hall was well filled with an interested audience and the stage occupied by the members of the board, the teachers and perhaps some others. These four young girls, in their neat- fitting and tidy calico dresses, occupying the center of the platform, made a pleasant impression, and modestly received the generous and well-earned ap- plause of their friends.
After the usual introductory exercises, Miss Nannie E. Morton came forward without any announcement and delivered the salutatory, '['hen came Miss Sadie Jackson, with her essay, subject, "Silent Voices." Miss Dolly I\. Suite followed with her essay on "Sunshine," and Miss Maggie McCall had the valedictory. All the exercises were well rendered, and received hearty applause. By authority of the hoard, the superintendent delivered the diplo- mas. The exercises closed with music and the benediction, and these four young ladies, followed by the well wishes of their friends, stepped forth the first of the long line of bright, happy, hopeful high school graduates who are still going out in ever-increasing numbers from our schools and under much more favorable conditions than existed June 7. 1872.
And now, in closing this brief account of the days long gone by, allow us to step over the intervening years and extend to the large class of splendid young people who received their well-earned diplomas on the thirty-fourth anniversary of the first commencement of the Cambridge high school, a hearty greeting with the earnest wish that success may. crown every right effort of every member through all the coming years.
Among the earliest "free schools" known in this county was the one established in Richland township in 1814. It came in this way: While pioneer William Thompson was in Philadelphia buying goods for the first store in his township, and paying eleven dollars a hundred freight on same, he employed a school teacher there, named Isaac Woodard — a lame man — to come here and teach school for twelve months. 'William and Robert Thompson agreed to pay the teacher in full for his services. The salt works were then running day and night and many men were employed to cut wood for the running of the same. These men. many of them, had children and with others in the settlement made quite a respectable little school. The men were told to send their children to this school free of cost. Joseph and Abraham Dillv, having large families each, had small means with which to pav. but said they were willing to do what they could, as they disliked the burden to fall on two men. Later they did each pay their share. This is one of the earliest free schools on record in this country.
I32 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
From the primitive settlement of Byesville, the children attended school at Oak Grove school house, in Riddle Grove, near the White Ash mine. Later it was moved to Lucasburg, and some years later the Byesville settle- ment had a school of their own, the date of the latter being about 1881. The Byesville school occupied a two-room building that stood on the site of the Beckett's livery barn. This cost one thousand dollars. John A. Bliss was the first principal. In 1886 two more rooms were added to the vest side of this building at a cost of one thousand two hundred dollars. In 1892 more room was needed and after renting awhile, in 1894, when two more rooms completed the T-shaped building; this last cost one thousand five hun- dred dollars. It was soon found that the growth of the town was so great that still better accommodations must be had, and the present site was chosen and the present fine school building was erected at a cost of twenty thousand dollars. It stands on a sightly hill overlooking the place. It was first used in January, 1903. But not yet did the place have sufficient room, and in 1906, at a cost of one thousand two hundred dollars, the North Side school of the Ideal addition was built and still rooms had to be leased for the accommodation of the pupils.
A township high school was first organized out of the village graded school in 1890, then in 1893 it was made a special district, and in 1894 was raised to a second grade, and finally under the new classification of high schools was made first grade in 1904.
In 1907 there were eight hundred pupils enrolled out of the one thou- sand two hundred school population.
PIONEER SCHOOL DISCIPLINE.
In the early days in Guernsey county the whipping of children at school was a common practice, and one case in point will illustrate the effect it sometimes produced upon teacher, pupil and parents :
In Liberty township the first school was taught by a New Englander named Austin Hunt, who believed the rod was to be freely used when needed to correct children. The late venerable James Gibson relates this concerning this practice and was his own experience in "tannin' " :
"I went to keeping school, and kept school here in Liberty. Some of the boys from over the creek began to run off and stay around the creek to hunt mussels and crawfish. I found it out and brought them back and gave them a tannin'. They went home and told their parents that I had whipped them. The next day their fathers rode up to the school house, called me out
i COUNTY, OHIO.
133
tie tn give me a tannin' foi
• whipping their
e you going to tan me? I
£ you haw any
, but ii" you come into tin's school house I
no tannin' done. 1 think
a good tannin'
GUERNS
to the door and said they had c hoys. I replied: 'What color business you can attend to it ni will do the tannin'.' There w; never hurt a hoy when he needed it
PRESENT SCHOOL STATISTICS.
The official report made to the secretary of state for the year just ending (1910) has the following- figures concerning Guernsey county schools:
The elementary teachers of the county have cost $40,911; high school teachers, $9,905 ; supervision exclusive of teachers, $2,700.
The huildings and grounds purchased in the county are valued at $28,- 149-47-
There are 19 elementary buildings, two high school buildings erected in the year; 101 elementary school rooms and 29 high school rooms. The value of the school property is placed at $347,250. The average term taught throughout the year is 33.35 weeks, with an average daily attendance of 86.91. The largest number of pupils was those taking arithmetic, 4,463 being enrolled in this study during the year.
In 1908 the reports show the following: Guernsey county contained 19 township districts and 133 sub-districts; 12 separate districts; total number of members of boards of education, 155; cost of new- buildings, $2,890. There were at that date, in the county, 253 separate school rooms. The value of school property was estimated by the authorities at $123,300 in township districts; $263,650 in separate districts; total of $386,950. The total num- ber of teachers was 256; average wages paid to men, $41 in the elementary schools, and $40 to women. The wages paid to high school instructors was, for men, $50, and about the same for women. The total number of teach- ers was 267, of which number 121 were men.
The county at the last report had the following village, special and town- ship district high schools :
Byesville, salary $1,000 for the superintendent, $560 for high school principal.
Cumberland, salary for principal, $765.
Pleasant City, salary of principal, $520.
Quaker City, salary for principal, $720.
Senecaville, salary for superintendent, $050 : for principal, $480.
Washington, salary for superintendent, $400.
134 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Westland township, salary for principal, $400.
The count)- examiners in Guernsey county are as follows : Worthy Dyson, clerk, Kimbolton, term expires August 31, 1910; W. O. Moore, Senecaville. term expired August 31, 1909; T. A. Bonnell, Cambridge, term expires August 31, 191 1.
OTHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.
One of the earliest educational institutions in Guernsey county was the Cambridge Seminary, and the Guernsey Times of May 21, 1825, has the fol- lowing advertisement of the school :
CAMBRIDGE SEMINARY.
"The subscriber has the pleasure of informing his friends and the public that he has procured the best books, globes, maps, charts, etc., and has com- menced a regular course of Geography and Astronomy, which is taught upon the interrogative plan.
"The English grammar is taught agreeably by 'Hull's System' (by lec- tures), which is acknowledged to be the best in use, and for which from two to five dollars has generally been paid to teachers of that plan for forty-eight hours' services.
"After ten years' experience, the subscriber can with confidence assure the public, that he is fully prepared to teach all the useful branches of an English education correctly, and with as much speed as the nature of the branches, and the capacity of the pupils will admit.
"He pledges himself that no exertions on his part will be wanting, to render his institution as respectable and useful as any of the kind in the state. The terms are very moderate.
"William Sedgwick, Teacher.
"Cambridge. April 16, 1825.
"N. B. — A few female boarders would be taken on moderate terms."
THE OLD CAMBRIDGE ACADEMY.
The old Cambridge Academy was incorporated by the Legislature in its session of 1837-38. with a capital stock of five thousand dollars, divided into five hundred shares of ten dollars each. Of this stock, seven hundred and forty dollars was subscribed by the citizens of Cambridge. The old Masonic
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. [35
lodge building on North Seventh street was purchased by the trustees for the academy building. This public announcement was made September 22, 1838. The board of trustees were William \V. Tracer, Esq., president; Moses Sar- chet, secretary; Ebenezer Smith, Esq., Dr. Thomas Miller, Dr. Samuel P. Hunt. Nathan Evans, Esq., Hamilton Robb and William McCracken. The institution was conducted under the general management of Rev. James Mc- Gill. The students were under the immediate care and instruction of William T. Ellis. The course of instruction embraced all those branches of a thorough and extensive English education, usually taught in the best high schools and academies, and the Latin and Greek languages. The academic year was divided into two sessions of twenty-two weeks each, with a vacation of four weeks at the close of each session. Terms were : Tuition in all branches of instruction at eight dollars per session, one-half to be paid in advance, the bal- ance at the close of the session.
Another scholastic' advertisement appeared in the Times, in October, 1842. It was concerning the college at Antrim and reads as follows:
MADISON COLLEGE.
"The ensuing session will commence on the first Monday in November. Alexander Clark. A. B.. and Thomas Palmer, Esq., will continue to conduct the interior operations of the college. Boarding can be had at a very low rate in respectable families in town and country. Tuition, ten dollars per session. As a report has gone abroad that Antrim and neighborhood are unhealthy, the trustees feel it their duty to say that such is not the fact, that we are not subject to any prevailing diseases, more than the most healthy neighborhoods.
"By order of the Board.
"M. Green, Secretary.
"Antrim, September 17, 1842."
The history of this college, in short, is as follows : When Madison town- ship was organized, there were four sections of land reserved by the state and set apart for public school purposes, numbers 1, 2, 9 and 10, situated in the northwest part of the township. These lands were directed by law to be leased to suitable persons for a certain period : they were to be built upon and improved that the value thereof might be increased and that a revenue might in time be derived to meet the object intended. The lands were leased and settled upon and the improvements made. When the term of the leases ex- pired the Legislature passed an act ordering the lands to be appraised and sold
I36 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
to the highest bidder at not less than the appraisement. Under this arrange- ment the lands were sold, and were bought principally by the lease-holders. The proceeds of these sales went into the general state fund for schools. The same rule held good in the other townships of Guernsey county, too. The northwest quarter of section 10 was purchased by A. Alexander. The old road from Cambridge to Steubenville passed through this quarter section. Alexander was a man of much enterprise and conceived the idea of platting a town site on this land. Accordingly he surveyed out twenty-four lots, twelve on each side of this road. This was the beginning of Antrim. Sub- sequently, James Welch platted and laid off six lots as an addition to the place.
Doctor Findley bought the quarter lying west of Alexander's land and took up his residence in a log cabin there. When he was fairly well settled he began to make arrangements to start a school at the new place. Either in May, 1835, or 1836, he succeeded in enrolling the names of eight boys and young men of the vicinity as students. He used his cabin as a reci- tation room, and thus it was that Madison College had its establishment.
The people around Antrim gave their hearty support, and the students increased in numbers rapidly, so it was resolved, at a meeting of the town, that a united effort be made to provide suitable buildings for the embryo col- lege. Subscriptions were made in money and material, as well as in work, many giving far beyond their means, so much were they interested. A site was chosen for the building at the east of the village, on the most elevated ground about it. David White, a resident, was the contractor. The building completed was a respectable two-story brick structure, containing two rooms on the first story, and one large room or hall on the second floor. The name given the new born institution was "Madison College." The board of trustees appointed under the laws of Ohio chose Doctor Findley as president, and Milton Green, M. D., secretary, who was the father of Mrs. Samuel J. Mc- Mahon. The institution prospered wonderfully. In 1846 Rev. Samuel Mehaffey, pastor of the Old-School Presbyterian church here, became pres- ident and this, possibly, became the means of the downfall of the institution. His successors were A. D. Clark, D. D., Rev. W. Doal, Rev. Thomas Palmer, and others who were employed as tutors. Then new members were added to the board of trustees and a college charter was obtained. Rev. Samuel Find- lex-. Jr. (son of Doctor Findley), was chosen and installed president of the newly planned school. At this time the school was opened for both sexes, and seemed to prosper until the plan of erecting a large, costly building was adopted. There was much opposition to this move, but the new building was
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. [37
erected, completed and occupied. Rev. II. Wilson succeeded Doctor Findley as president, and his successor was Rev. William Lorimer, during whose term the crisis was reached. The creditors of the college were beginning to press their claims hard, the mutterings of the great Civil war cloud were heard, and finally, when that storm burst, Madison College and its plans for a future existence were carried down, never more to rise, like the slavery question, over which the war was so successfully fought out.
CHAPTER IX.
CHURCH AND DENOMINATIONAL HISTORY.
The first settlers in Guernsey county were not all Christians, or members of any religious organization, but it is quite certain tliat a majority of the pioneer band were of some special religious faith and adhered to some particu- lar church creed. The Methodist and Presbyterian churches had the greater majority of those who first came here to make for themselves homes. The Methodist Episcopal church, of all others, had a peculiar origin here, especially at Cambridge, where first it existed in the county. Like the good old Pilgrim church, it was transplanted from beyond the big seas to the wild forests of this county. It was in 1806 and 1807 that there came from the beautiful island of Guernsey, Europe, Thomas Sarchet, William Ogier, James Bichard, Thomas Lenfestey, Daniel Ferbrache and Thomas Naftel, with their wives and children, who settled in Cambridge and immediate vicinity. All these parents were members of the Methodist society, when they left Guernsey, in the old country, from which this county took its name. They came into the wilder- ness, indeed. In the year 1808 these emigrants and their wives organized themselves into the Methodist Episcopal church of Cambridge, Ohio, being as- sisted by Rev. James Watts, a preacher of the Western conference. As far as is now known, this was the first attempt at church organization within the ter- ritory now known as Guernsey county. This being the case, very naturally the history of this denomination in the county will take the first place in this chap- ter, and here follows :
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH.
The church at Cambridge, formed in 1808, held its services for the first few years in the house of one of its founders — Thomas Sarchet — on the cor- ner of Main and Pine streets ; later at the court house, and in the lower room of the old Masonic Hall, a building then occupying the lot opposite the Presby- terian church. Late in 1831, the trustees, Jacob Shaffner, James Bichard, John Blancipied, Nicholas Martel, Joseph Neelands, Joseph Wood, Joseph Cockerel, Joseph W. White and Isaiah Mclllyar, purchased a piece of ground sixty feet square. It was located on Turner avenue, west of where the Ham-
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iry of this pioneer
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the author of this
i [899
. and reads as fol-
n [832
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for h
is text, "The Lord
ifuge."
The church had
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. iy>
mond opera house stood many years later. No betl house of worship can be given than was given by tin work, and which was published in the Jeffersonion lows:
The first Methodist Episcopal church was built cated in [835 by Rev. Joseph Rl. Trimble. He too nl" ] lusts is with us, and the God of Jacob is our r been occupied for some time before being dedicated. The church was located on what is now Turner avenue, of Cambridge, on the smith side and west of the Hammond Opera House. The lot was sixty feet square, the church a frame thirty-six by forty feet, costing four hundred dollars. We look back at this old church. It stands before us in all its simplicity. The front, mi the north, had two doors and two windows, and a quarter circular window in the gable. On the east and west sides, three windows, and on the south side three, one being in the centre above the pulpit. The lot was enclosed with a board fence, with two gates opposite the doors. The females entered at the west gate, and the males at the east. In the church there were two centre aisles and a cross aisle in front of the altar rail and pulpit. The seats to be right and left of the pulpit ran north and south. These corners were desig- nated as the "Amen corners." and were occupied by the older men and women, who often responded "Amen" and "God grant it" when the preacher was preaching. To the right of the west entrance door were the seats for the women, and to the left of the east entrance door were the seats for the men. The sheep and goats were separated. Between the aisles were short seats, where old men and women, with their children, could sit, but there was no general indiscriminate sitting. If a stranger took a seat on the women's side, he was politely notified that he was "in the wrong pew."
The pulpit was five or six feet above the main floor, and was reached by a flight of steps and entered through a door. The preacher, when seated, was out of view of the congregation. On the front of the pulpit was a circular sounding board, for the preacher to pound on to awake his drowsy hearers. There was a book board in the centre, and a foot board for the short preach- ers, and when one of these missed the footing he was out of sight until he re- gained his footing. The hymns were lined out. a stanza at a time, by the preacher. The congregation singing at the last stanza, all turned around to kneel in prayer. Some of the preachers often sang alone a favorite hymn. Dr. James Drummond, who preached in the church, had two which he often sang: "The Chariot, the Chariot, its Wheels Roll in Fire," and "Turn, Sin- ners, Turn, for the Tide is Receding, and the Saviour will Soon and Forever
I4O GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Cease Pleading." The church was at first heated with a large tin-plate stove, in which was burned corchvood, and was lighted by candles suspended around the walls. There were movable ones on the pulpit for the convenience of the preacher. There were no young people's meetings or Sunday school until 1835. and then it was only a summer school. Most of the scholars came from the country barefooted, the boys with straw hats and in their shirt sleeves, the girls with sunbonnets and cottonade dresses. It was a day of small things. There were no Sunday school books nor Berean leaves. The John Rogers primer and the Testament were the text-books. This is but a meagre descrip- tion of the first church and the manner of worship. We close with this pioneer verse :
"We felt that we were fellow men ;
We felt that we were a band.
Sustained here in the wilderness
By Heaven's upholding hand.
Yet while we linger we may all
A backward glance still throw,
To the days when we were pioneers.
Sixty years ago."
The preachers that preached in this first church were Revs. James Mc- Mahon, Samuel Harvey, Cyrus Brooks, David Young, Henry Whiteman, Gil- bert Blue, Moses A. Milligan, B. F. Meyers. Andrew Carroll, Harvey Camp, Jeremiah Hill, Luman H. Allen, John M. Reed, I. N. Baird, James Drum- mond, John Grimm, Thomas Winstanley, Thomas R. Ruckle, J. D. Rich, Ludwell Petty, R. Stephenson, David Cross, J. Phillips, E. G. Nicholson, David Trueman, Isaac N. Baird, Robert Boyd, A. J. Blake, J. A. Swaney, J. D. Knox. S. P. Woolf, James McGinnis, Andrew Magee, T. J. Taylor, Wil- liam Gamble. Presiding Elders: Robert O. Spencer, Edward H. Taylor, S. R. Brockunier. James C. Taylor, James G. Sansom.
The second church was built in 1852 and 1853, a two-story brick located in Gaston's addition, on the lot now owned by J. F. Salmon. This church was dedicated January 2, 1854, by Rev. James G. Sansom, Andrew Magee, the preacher, in charge of the Cambridge circuit, Pittsburgh conference. The preachers who preached in this church were. Andrew Magee, T. J. Taylor, John Huston, W. Devinney, F. W. Yirtican. James L. Deens, W. B. Watkins, Tertnllis Davidson, James Henderson, Edward Ellison, A. L. Petty, J. D. Vail, Samuel Crouse, J. H. Conkle, James H. Hollingshead, Ezra Hingeley. W. H. Locke. T. R. Mills.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 141
Presiding elders: John Moffit, W. F. l.auck, W. A. Davidson, James Henderson, S. F. Minor, A. L. Petty, John Williams. Allen II. Norcross, James R. Mills, \Y. L. Dixon. The third church, located on North Seventh street and Steubemille avenue, was erected during the pastorates on Cam- bridge Station, East ( >hio conference, of W. II. Locke and James K. Mills.
The edifice, costing thirty-two thousand dollars, was finished in 1885, and was dedicated January 9, [886, b) Bishop Edward G. Andrews, assisted by Dr. Joseph M. Trimble and Dr. C. II. Payne, James R. Mills being the pas- tor. The preachers who were on the station were J. R. Mills. John Brown, Sylvester Burt, J. M. Carr, and R. B. Pope. Presiding Elders: W. L. Dixon. John 1. Wilson, John R. Keyes. The trustees and building committee were G. J. Albright, Joseph 1). Taylor. T. II. Anderson, John C. Beckett, C. P. B. Sarchet, Alfred P. Shaffner, J. 0. Mcllyar, B. F. Fleming and W. M. Scott.
On Thanksgiving day, November 25, 1890, the union services were held in this building. Saturday afternoon. November 27th, it was discovered that the structure was afire. The flames had been at work for some time before discovery, and continued their destructive course with great rapidity. In spite of the fire department, which responded very quickly, in the course of half an hour portions of the roof began to fall in. and it became apparent that the building was doomed. Doctor Pope, the pastor, also lost much of his household goods, which were not protected by insurance in the burning of the pastorage, but managed to save a rare library of books, the accumulation of a lifetime. In the end nothing was left but the main tower and belfry, com- paratively uninjured, and the stone walls. Insurance on the church and its contents amounted to twelve thousand three hundred dollars. For some time the dispossessed congregation was accommodated by other churches of the city, and later services were held in the opera house, and in the assembly room in the Taylor block, the free use of which was given by the late Col. J. D. Taylor.
At a meeting on December 6, 1896, less than ten days after the fire, the officials of the church, without a dissenting voice, formally resolved to re- build the church, upon an improved and enlarged plan. December 10, 1897, Architect S. R. Badgley, of Cleveland, was employed, at once viewed the site. and submitted a rough outline of a plan for its reconstruction. On February 4, 1S97, the plans were finally approved. The contract was let to Vansickle Brothers, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, April 14th. to be completed by November 1st, following. This firm began work the last week in April, and on the even- ing of May 7th, without any previous warning, abandoned the undertaking, and the member of the firm who was on the work left town in the night, and never returned. The work was continued under new contracts made for
142 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
separate parts of the work, the carpentry and joiner work being done by the day. W. C. Carlisle, of Cleveland, was superintendent on behalf of the build- ing committee.
In April, 1898. the building committee took up also the matter of build- ing a new parsonage, a work which was in contemplation when the church burned. The contract was let to Hoyle & Scott, of Cambridge, and the work progressed rapidly. The entire cost of construction of the church and parson- age is in round numbers, thirty-six thousand five hundred dollars. The former church building cost about thirty-five thousand dollars, including site. The first meeting held in the new church was Sunday. November 26, 1899, when a long and impressive service was held, at which spoke many of Cambridge's foremost pastors.
The pastors of this church since the list above mentioned have been:' Revs. R. B. Pope, from 1897 to I9°3< si-x years ; W. B. Winters, 1903 to 1905 ; Edwin Jester, from 1905 to 1908; C. N. Church from 1908 to the present time (fall of 1910), to serve under present appointment to close of conference year of 191 1.
The present membership of the church is twelve hundred and forty-six; number in Sunday school, thirteen hundred and fifty. The church is in a prosperous condition and will soon be aided by an assistant to the pastor in way of a lady who has been employed for special work in the community, the time of her coming being fixed at January. 191 1. The present pastor receives one thousand eight hundred dollars per year and house rent, four hundred dol- lars. The estimated value of the church property of this church is sixty thousand dollars.
Besides this church in Cambridge, there is the Second Methodist Epis- copal church, in the Glass-plant addition, which was formed a few years since. It has a neat frame building and is laboring hard to free itself from debt. It is supplied by the present pastor at Lore City, Rev. Bevington.
The African Methodist Episcopal church is now under the charge of Rev. Beck, recently appointed to this charge. They have a modest, but well arranged edifice in the city and a good congregation of colored people of the Methodist faith.
THE BYESVILLE CHURCH.
The Methodist Episcopal church of Byesville. Ohio, had its beginning in the year 1870, in the organization of a church at Rainey's Chapel, which was located about two miles from Byesville, and was organized in 1870 with eleven charter members by the Reverend Fotrtz. Byesville being the most central
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 143
point, it was thought best to move the church to that place: so accordingly in [879, the church at Rainey's Chapel was torn down and moved to Byesville
and erected on the site where the new church now stands.
Since its organization the following ministers have served as pastors: Reverends Foutz, Webster, Timberlake, Waters and Stewart, while the church remained at Rainey's Chapel. Since the church was moved to Byesville, Rev- erend Stewart was its first pastor. He was followed by Reverends Dennis, Ream, Gruber, J. K. Crimes, Forsythe, Davidson, Neeley, Bowers, Collier, M. C. Crimes, Petty and \\". (). Hawkins.
In June, 1907, a new church was projected and the money subscribed. At a meeting held in August. 1907. a contract was let to F. Wentz & Company for the sum of twelve thousand eight hundred and seventy-five dollars. The corner-stone was laid October joth, that year, and it was completed the follow- ing season.
Since the building of this fine church, which is valued at twenty-five thou- sand dollars, the membership has increased to three hundred and sixty, with a Sunday school of five hundred pupils. The present pastor is Rev. W. O. Hawkins.
THE CHURCH AT CUMBERLAND.
The Cumberland Methodist Episcopal church was organized in 1852. It now enjoys a membership of three hundred and twenty-five. The records are not now at hand and cannot he obtained, hence no further detail concerning this branch of the church in the county. The minutes of the last conference show the church to have a membership of three hundred and twenty-three, with a Sunday school of two hundred and twenty ; the church property is valued at five thousand five hundred dollars. The present pastor is Rev. T. H. Taylor.
THE SALESVH.LE CHURCH.
The Salesville Methodist Episcopal church, located in the village of this name, was organized in the summer of 1837, with the following charter mem- bers: Francis Linn and wife, William Crouse and wife, Thomas Wolford and wife, James Foreacre and wife, John Rimmer and wife. James Bell and wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Thompson. Francis Linn was elected class leader, which office he faithfully filled until called to his home above in 1890.
The first church was built in 1840. the class having worshiped in a build- ing located on the hill north of the village : it was known as the '■Temple" and was free to all denominations to hold services in. The building of the first
I4_( GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
church was done chiefly by the members and the material was also donated, so the cost is not known. It was located just east of the present school build- ing. The present edifice, which took its place in 1873. is located west of the school building. The material is frame and its cost was one thousand eight hundred dollars. It has been improved and repaired much since then and is now said to be worth two thousand five hundred dollars. It is lighted by a gasoline plant.
The present membership is eighty. The Salesville and Millers church, and also the Quaker City church, were on the same circuit for sixty years, hence the history of one is the same as the other. Recently the Millers church has been dropped from the circuit and is now a part of Washington circuit, also with Salesville.
Among the pastors now recalled are these : Revs. Bishop, Boyd, Butts. Phillips, Rich, Hollister, Hamilton, Rogers, Olp, Baird, Cartwright. Fouts, Webster, Grimes, Robbins, Armstrong, Taylor, Hollett, Strahl, Petty, West- wood, Wilson, Lepage, Wycoff, Merrill, Romic and Dunn, the present pastor.
OTHER METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES.
Rev. W. Reeves organized a class in the township of Spencer, as early as 181 5 and erected a house of worship on land owned by Col. Thomas Bay, Sr., one of the first pioneers of the valley. It was a frame building, twenty by twenty-eight feet in dimension. In 1852 the class had so grown that more room was demanded and they sold to the Presbyterian church and in 1853 built again. Rev. Hamilton was pastor when this change was effected.
Quaker City church is in the Barnesville district. The church here was formed at a very early date, and the present building was erected in 1871, on the corner of Pike and Main streets. The property of the church and parson- age is estimated at six thousand dollars. The present pastor is Rev. E. R. Romig. The membership is now six hundred and ten, while the Sunday school is six hundred and forty-six.
The Claysville church has a membership of two hundred and nineteen ; Sunday school of one hundred and eighteen; church property valued at seven thousand dollars. The pastor is Rev. J. W. Rich.
At Kimbolton the church has a membership of five hundred and seventy- five, with a Sunday school of three hundred and thirty-five. The church property is valued at sixteen thousand dollars; the present pastor is Rev. M. W. Bevington.
The Lore City church has a membership of three hundred and thirty-
GUERNSEY COUNTY, 0 145
five, with a Sunday school numbering- four hundred and twenty. Church property valued at twelve thousand eight hundred dollars. The pastor is Rev. C. R. Poulson.
The Senecaville Methodist Episcopal church has a membership of four hundred and six, with a Sunday school numbering four hundred and twenty. The present value of the church property is thirteen thousand eight hundred dollars. The present pastor is Rev. F. G. Fowler.
Pleasant City has a church property valued at fifteen thousand dollars and a membership of five hundred and sixty. Its Sunday school has a mem- bership of six hundred. The present pastor is Rev. R. J. Xorris.
The church at Washington has a membership of nine hundred and eighty- five and its property is valued at nine thousand five hundred dollars. The present pastor is Rev. W. H. Stewart.
At Buffalo the membership is about one hundred and fifty and the value of church property is estimated at six thousand five hundred dollars. The present pastor is Rev. J. F. Cash.
There are other Methodist Episcopal churches in the county that have not been properly reported to the editor of this work. Among these are preach- ing places at Hopewell, Birds Run, Antrim, Londonderry, Wesley Chapel, etc.
THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH.
The Christian church of Quaker City is an old organization. In 1859 they had a good building in the eastern part of the village. This was aban- doned in March, 1875, for the new brick building on the corner of South street and Broadway.
There is also a society in Cambridge, but they own no building. They hold services over a business house on the north side of Wheeling avenue.
Another church society is the Associaters, — a branch of the Methodist Episcopal church, — who by some are termed "Holiness People." They believe in a much higher life than that taught by the church generally. Some of the best citizens in Cambridge unite with this sect in their weekly worship.
THE FRIENDS CHURCH (QUAKERS).
Among the early settlers in various part of Guernsey county the Friends predominated, especially in the vicinity of what is now Quaker City, where the Hall family planted a church of this faith. A meeting house, as they call churches, has always been maintained near the village, and a prosperous soci-
(10)
I46 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
ety of Friends has had much to do with the morals and religion of the com- munity. At an early day the Friends had a much harder time than at present. Just before the opening of the war of 1812-14, with England, the Friends, carrying out their belief that war was always wrong, aggressive or defensive, refused to engage in that war and were badly dealt with by the authorities. They had heavy fines imposed upon them and in cases sacrificed much of their property. In cases, the fine collectors were cold, hard-hearted officials who feathered their own nest, as well as causing this sect any amount of trouble and loss of valuable property. One Elijah Dyson, then sheriff of Guernsey county, took it upon himself to enforce the law as against these people and through his arrests made bad work among them and worked incalculable injury to them. Among these people are found some of the "salt of the earth" and today the members of this sect are honored for the carrying out of their religious convictions.
THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.
The first Catholic church in Guernsey county was probably erected about 1840 at Washington, where some years previous a number of Catholic families had settled. They continued to worship there until about 1865, under priests from various parts of the state, especially those from Beaver township, Noble count}- (then within Guernsey). About 1867 Father Jacket, pastor at Tem- peranceville, Belmont county, built the church at Gibson Station. He used some of the rrtaterial of the church at Washington in the construction of this church. Father Jacket came to Temperanceville in 1854, from Tennessee, serving this congregation and others in this vicinity, traveling on horseback over Guernsey, Belmont and Noble counties. In 1868 he was transferred to Coshocton, Ohio. Fathers O'Brien, Laughlin and Hall succeeded Father Jacket in the order named, each remaining but a short time. About 1870, Rev. Father Heary, now of Dennison, Ohio, came to Temperanceville, and at- tended to the wants of the Catholic people of Guernsey county. He said mass and held services part of the time at the residence of Steve Ouinn. at the cor- ner of Second street and Gomber avenue, Cambridge, and part of the time at Michael Slaymons. at Guernsey Mines. At that date there were not more than a dozen families near Cambridge.
Father Heary was followed by Father Montag, who for a long time held services at Slaymon's, Guernsey Mines, then at Adam's hall, near the court house, which building was leased by the Catholic people. Later the Carlisle Hall, on Wheeling avenue. Cambridge, was rented. Following Father Heary came Rev. Nathaniel McCaffrey in 1897, Nvn0 was trie ^rst priest to regularly
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. 147
reside at Cambridge. Shortly after his coming, the Catholics bought the Shultz property, at the corner of Gomber and North Ninth streets, and while they were erecting a small church on the rear of the lot, he said mass and held services at William Armbuster's, on West Wheeling avenue.
Then let it be recorded that the first Catholic church in Cambridge was on Gomber avenue, between Seventh and Eighth streets, and it was dedicated by Bishop Watterson in December, 1897. The Bishop being of national reputa- tion, and many never having seen a bishop, the attendance was very large. This good bishop was noted for his zeal in the cause of temperance.
The first parish formed in Cambridge was organized by Father McCaff- rey, who was succeeded by Father James Slevin, who remained only eight months, retiring on account of his extreme old age. Then came Rev. C. H. A. Watterson as pastor, beginning his labors in July. 1901. The congregation grew and flourished spiritually, under his administration. In June, 1904, he was selected to organize a parish in East Newark, Ohio. The same year and month he was succeeded by the present able pastor. Rev. J. H. Wagner. Under his guidance, the congregation has almost, if not quite, doubled its member- ship.
In 1910 (present year) there is being completed a magnificent brick church, with a parochial school building on the lots above described, on the corner of Gomber and North Seventh streets. This is known as St. Benedict's church. The church will easily seat seven hundred persons. The interior finish of this building is indeed elegant; its altars are works of high art, the main one costing in excess of eight hundred dollars. This church building is considered one of the finest in this section of the country. Its dedication was on Sunday. November 20, 1910, when Bishop Hartley, of Columbus, officiated, being assisted by Father Waterson and Father O'Boylan, of New- ark, and Father Mattingly of Lancaster.
The Slavish Roman Catholic church at Byesville was begun in June, 1905, and completed in November of the same year. It was erected at an expense of seven thousand dollars, and its location is on Fifth street, south of Main. The congregation in 1907 was over seven hundred. A nine-room parsonage was provided south from the church, at a cost of five thousand dol- lars. Rev. E. F. Rahtarsik, pastor, was the man who put this church on its present standing.
METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH.
The Methodist Protestant church at Cambridge was formed by Rev. Cornelius Springer, in 1830. with seven members, Thomas Mcllyar and wife.
I48 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
Peter Corbet and wife. Zephima C. Suitt and wife and Thomas Sarchet. Mr. Sarchet did not become a full member until 1832.
Services were held in the lower room of the old Masonic building, on Seventh street. A small brick church was built in 1832, Thomas Sarchet having donated the lot and built the church. In 1832 the society was reor- ganized and Thomas Sarchet, Solomon Tomolson and wife, Sarah Tingle and others, became members in full communion. The local church at this time be- longed to Cambridge circuit. Rev. William Reeves and wife and Rev. George Broure served as evangelists before any regular pastor -was appointed. Rev. Jacob Meyers and Rev. A. H. Basset seem to have been on the Cambridge circuit at this time and preached at Cambridge, as Rev. Springer lived at Zanes- ville. The first pastor in charge was Rev. Jacob Ragan, he having been ap- pointed by the Pittsburg conference in the autumn of 1832. Rev. Ragan died here October 3, 1834, and his body rests in the old cemetery here. Singular enough to relate, it appears that with the passing of all these years only two pastors died in Cambridge from this church. Revs. Ragan and John Rowcliff. Rev. Dobbins filled out Rev. Ragan's time. The records show that Revs. J. Burns and George Claney were appointed pastors of Cambridge circuit in 1834 and supplied Cambridge. Rev. John Herbert came in 1836; Revs. Israel Thrapp and A. H. Basset, in 1838 and 1840. Following came pastors, Jacob Nichols and John Rowcliff, the latter dying in 1846. Then came Rev. Wil- liam Munhall and Rev. Washington Mannard in 1849. These were succeeded by George Caney and Joel Thrapp. This brings it to 1851, when Cambridge became a station and Rev. Springer became pastor in 1852. In 1853 came William Ross; Rev. Washington Mannard, 1855; Rev- J°hn Burns, i860. Then Cambridge was attached to Cambridge circuit again and Rev. C. L. Sears and Rev. J. W. Case were appointed pastors in 1863. In 1865 came Revs. J. M. Woodward and T. H. Scott. In 1866, Revs. E. S. Hoagland and Rev. Walter Moore served. In 1871 came Revs. J. W. Woodward and O. V. W. Chandler. 1872, came Rev. K. M. Woodward. At that date Cam- bridge again became a station and Rev. S. A. Fisher was appointed pastor in
1873-
During the latter's pastorate the second church was erected, the same costing seven thousand dollars, and was dedicated November 26, 1876, Revs. J. J. Murray and Alexander Clark officiating, assisted by clergymen from the Methodist Episcopal church. In 1879 Rev. S. S. Fleming became pastor. Then came Revs. E. H. Scott, 1880; A. Sarchet, 188 1 ; J. W. Thompson, 1882: M. L. Jennings, 1883; J. A. Thrapp, 1887; F. A. Brown, 1890; G. E. McManiman, 1895; J. A. Selby, 1896; S. A. Fisher, 1901 ; C. E. Sheppard, 1904; W. E. Harrison, 1910, and still serving as pastor.
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO, i-l<)
During the seventy-five year,- history of this church there seems to have been thirty-one regular pastors. Of these only twelve are now living. It was during the pastorate of Rev. Selby that the third church building was erected ' at a cost of thirteen thousand and ten dollars. It was dedicated June i<;. [898, by Doctors F. T. Tagg. of Baltimore, and M. L Jennings, of Pittsburg, as- sisted by Doctors D. C. Coburn, W. L. Wells, J. A. Selby and F. A. Brown. During Rev. Sheppard's time as pastor here, the heating plant system was installed and a beautiful pipe organ was secured and other improvements made upon the church, which is indeed a model house of worship.
BYESVILLE.
The Byesville Methodist Protestant church was organized about 1873, Rev. John Burns, D. D., of the Cambridge Methodist Protestant church, offici- ating. The organization took place in the home of Liburn B. Rodgers. then living at Old Town, just east from Enon Baptist church. The following is a list of charter members: L. B. Rodgers and wife, Isaac Hoopman and wife. Weslev Gorsuch and wife, Mary (Kaufman) Cummings.
At first they met at private houses and in a log building at the forks- of the road near Trail run, where they worshiped until the fall of 1853, when a church known as Bethlehem, was dedicated. Rev. Joel Thrapp, D. D., officiat- ing. This served until 1880 when the society bought a lot and erected a new church at the corner of Main and Depot streets in Byesville, which served until 1903, when the present commodious edifice was erected, at the corner of Main and North High streets.
The pastors who have faithfully served this people include these: Rev. William Ross. Rev. Joel Thrapp. D. D.. Rev. Orr, Rev. Israel Thrapp. Rev. William Sears, Rev. Case, Rev. John Burns, D. D., Rev. E. S. Hoagland, Rev. J. C. Ogle, Rev. Thomas Scott. Rev. A. Harrison, Rev. J. P. King, Rev. J. My Woodward, Rev. O. V. W. Chandler, D. D., Rev. S. A. Tisher, D. D.. Rev. W. L. Wells, D. D., Rev. J. B. McCormick. D. D., Rev. W. H. Guy. Rev. S. S. Fisher. D. D.. Sc. D.. Rev. G. E. McManiman, D. D„ Rev. Joseph Gray, Rev. W. S. Cairns, D. D., Rev. D. C. Weese, Rev. C. R. Blades. Rev. C. S. McGrath, Rev. C. E. Stockdale.
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
Presbyterianism has always been a strong factor in the county — both the regular and United Presbyterian bodies. The following facts have been fur- nished by the present pastor of the Presbyterian church at Cambridge, at the request of the publishers of this work :
I5O GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
In the year 1827 Rev. 'William Wallace was authorized by some presby- tery to visit the village of Cambridge and establish a Presbyterian church organization. In accordance with directions he effected such an organization in April of that year. Three elders were elected, viz: Thomas Oldham, James Wilson and Jesse Johnston. Their meetings for preaching services were held in the court house, and for some time Rev. William Wallace min- istered to the congregation, preaching for them at stated intervals. In the year 1834 the names of John B. Thompson, M. D., David Burt and Ehenezer Smith were added to the roll of sessions, and the names of Silas Burt and Michael Rogers were added in the year 1837.
About the year 1837 Rev. James Black supplied the church for some little time ; he was followed by Rev. John Arthur, who supplied the congregation for two or three years. After this Rev. William Wallace furnished whatever preaching service they had until the year 1850.
At a congregational meeting held in 1845 tne following elders were elected : Samuel Wilson. Hugh Wilson, Thomas Oldham, Jr. Later the name of John McFarland was added to the roll of eldership. The church records will show that these men were of the strictest sect, and administered the law accordingly.
The congregation of Cambridge was a part of the presbytery of Zanes- ville and when the union of the Old-School and New-School Presbyterian churches was formed it was transferred to the presbytery of St. Clairsville.
Al out the first of October, 1853, Rev. William V. Milligan, a young man who had been licensed by the presbytery of St. Clairsville in April, 1853, went out to Uniontown, Muskingum county, Ohio, to preach for Rev. William Ferguson, while Rev. Ferguson would fill an appointment that he had made at Cambridge, Ohio. The young man suggested that Rev. Ferguson let him fill the appointment at Cambridge, the request was granted and on the first Sunday of November, 1853. Rev. Milligan preached his first sermon for the congregation that he was to serve for forty-five years. He agreed to preach as supply until the first of April, 1854. During the winter his work was very successful, and the records show that there were two meetings of the session held that winter for the purpose of receiving new members. As the pastor in charge was not an ordained minister. Rev. William Ferguson moderated one meeting and Rev. Jacob Milligan the other. The congregation was so well pleased with the ministrations of Rev. Milligan that in the spring of 1854 they gave him a call to become their pastor, and in the little brick church which oc- cupied the site of the present commodious structure, he was ordained by the presbytery of Zanesville, May 10, 1854.
i;ri-:u\si-;v corxTV, o
The history of the congregation is practically the history of the work of Rev. W. V. Milligan, D. I)., for the next forty-five years. The work begun on the first Sabbath of November,. [853, was continued without intermission or a single vacation, missing but two Sundays appointment till the last Sab- hath of November, 1898. The last service of Doctor Milligan was Sabbath evening and a large congregation was present. At the close of the service Doctor Milligan announced that the pulpit of the Presbyterian church would be vacant that night at twelve o'clock. Doctor Milligan retired from the active work of the ministry with the good will of not only the members of his own congregation, but of the entire community. Coming to the congregation fresh from the seminary, he had given to the congregation a life of faithful service: the strung, vigorous church that he left as a monument is a fitting testimonial to the character of that service rendered, not as unto man but as unto God. Since Doctor Milligan resigned he has seen three pastors called to the pulpit. The present pastor attributes much of his success to the help- ful counsel and cheerful advice given by him. who, as a father in Israel, is loved and respected by all who know him. He has already passed the mark of four- score years, yet is his natural force not abated, nor his interest in the congre- gation which he served so long lessened.
When Doctor Milligan took charge of the work in 1853 there were eighty- three names on the church roll. The village of Cambridge had a population of less than a thousand, and had at least four other congregations at work in this limited territory, viz : Methodist Episcopal. Methodist Protestant. Bap- tist, and Associate, afterward the United Presbyterian. The growth of the Presbyterian organization was a steady one. about twenty names being added each year, and when Doctor Milligan closed his pastorate in 1898 the church had a membership of two hundred and fifty.
Doctor Milligan was quite a builder in more senses than one. In 1857 the congregation, under his direction, erected a building costing over four thousand dollars, and in 1893 the present modern structure was erected at a cost of twenty thousand dollars.
In 1876 Rev. William Bryant was elected elder. In 1892 the following were selected elders: Samuel J. McMahon, Alexander Fulton, Jonathan F. Oldham, W. B. Green and Howard W. Luccock. In the year 1900 William F. Dollison, Samuel W. Luccock, Oscar Dougherty, Robert H. Mills and Sam- uel E. Boden were elected to the eldership, and in 1906 the following were elected and installed as elders: C. C. Laughlin, George M. Williams. Chester Lloyd. J. M. Carr. Edward B. Milligan, E. A. Scott and J. M. Wood.
Rev. W. F. W'eir, D. D., was elected to the pastorate of the congregation,
Ig2 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
May 24. 1899, and was installed August 6th of the same year. Doctor Weir came to the congregation just at a time when an active, aggressive man was needed. Cambridge had begun to grow very rapidly. He proved to be just the man tor the place. In a short pastorate of less than four years he added over two hundred members to the church and when he left the congregation, to accept a call to Ashtabula, he left a strong, vigorous congregation of over four hundred members.
On July 15, 1903, Rev. Ken C. Hayes was called to the pulpit made vacant by the resignation of Doctor Weir. Rev. Hayes was installed September 28, 1903. Doctor Hayes was a very forcible preacher, a man of most pleasing persi iriality, and had a quiet but successful pastorate of six years, when he resigned to accept a call to another congregation.
The present pastor, Rev. William L. McCormick, was installed Septem- ber 21, 1909. Since the beginning of the present pastorate there have been ninety accessions to the church and the congregation is in a most prosperous condition financially, and on every hand there is evidence of the presence and blessing of the Holy Spirit. At present the congregation has a membership of almost five hundred, and the prospect for future growth were never more promising.
CUMBERLAND.
The Buffalo Presbyterian church, at Cumberland, was organized in 1816. It now has a membership of three hundred and fifty. It is one of the oldest and most substantial churches in Guernsey county, and of the entire state, in the list of country churches.
Three church buildings have served this people, the first being situated just to the north of the village of Cumberland, the second in the western end of the village and the present one about the center. The last named was erected in 1894, is of brick, and cost eighteen thousand dollars.
The pastors who have served this congregation have been : Revs. Bald- ridge, 1817-23; William Wallace, 1824-38; Thomas P. Gordon, 1840-42; M. M. Brown, 1843-1853: William R. Fulton, 1853-55; J°hn R- Duncan, 1857- 1864; Henry C. Foulke, 1867-78; F. M. Kumler, 1880-89; H. C. Morledge, 1890-1909; David C. Whitemarsh, 1909, the present pastor.
LORE CITY.
The Lore City Presbyterian church is midway between Washington and Senecaville. The people erected a neat little church here and effected an
GUERNSEY COIXTV, OHIO. 153
organization in 1884, with forty-seven members. This church has been min- istered to by the pastors of Washington and Senecaville.
WASHINGTON.
Washington Presbyterian church was formed by early settlers from out the sturdy Scotch-Irish people. They first met at the village hotel and they depended on traveling ministers. The first house of worship was erected in 181 _', and was a small log house built by the people. It stood just outside the village, near the old graveyard. Ten years later an addition was made to this log church and in 1827 a new brick church was provided in the town. This was almost totally destroyed in 1834 by a wind storm, was rebuilt and enlarged, and served until i860, when, in a year later, the present church was erected.
This church was organized in 181 1, under the name of Leatherwood, which was changed to Washington in 1822. Rev. John Boyd was instru- mental in founding this congregation. The pastors serving for many years are found in the Lore City and Senecaville church histories of this denom- ination. This church has experienced many great revivals, the largest prob- ably in its entire history being that of 1839, under Rev. Samuel Hair. Other revival seasons were in 1858 and 1885.
SENECAVILLE.
The Senecaville Presbyterian church was organized in 1810 by Rev. John Royd, whose labors were divided between this point and Leatherwood. In 1815 Rev. James Smith accepted a call, and he died in 1819. The next pastor was Rev. Thomas B. Clark, who began in 1821 and continued nine years. The church then remained vacant a number of years, during which time a great revival broke out. But without a pastor, the congregation became scat- tered again, and a Cumberland Presbyterian society was formed which almost absorbed the original mother Presbyterian church. In 1835 came Rev. David Polk, who brought the fragments of the church together again and their prop- erty was restored to them and much good done. Following him came Rev. John Arthur for eighteen months, then came Rev. John Alexander in 1842, continuing until 1853. During this period the congregation flourished and grew in numbers greatly. In 1854 came Rev. William Ferguson, and gave the church one-fourth of his time until 1862, after which all of his time was devoted to the church at Washington. During his labors a church was built
154 GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO.
and a great revival followed. Then the churches of Senecaville and Washing- ton were dissolved and separate congregations formed. Then was built the church of Bulah. at Claysville : Rev. W. R. Miller took charge of this and con- tinued until 1867. In 1 868 Rev. Courtw right became pastor and he resigned in 1870. In 1874, Rev. R. B. Porter was made pastor, continuing until 1876. After the resignation of this man took place the former relationship with the church at Washington was resumed, and Rev. A. G. Eagleson became pastor iif the Washington church, supplying this church two years. In 1879 Rev. J. P. Stafford, D. D., began his labors as stated supply, continuing a year and a half. Doctor Miller also supplied for a short season. In 1883 Rev. Newton Donaldson, a pastor of the Washington church, became pastor at Senecaville, remaining for five years. Soon after his coming a new church was formed at Lore City, composed of members from both Senecaville and Washington. These three churches constituted the charge of Mr. Donaldson, and his min- istry was very successful. Rev. Charles McCracken succeeded Mr. Donald- son, continuing three years. The next pastor was Rev. McMaster, who re- mained three years. (No further data was sent to the author of this work.)
THE CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.
A church of this denomination was organized in Spencer township, in 1835, by a number of Presbyterians who were dissatisfied with the creed and teachings of the mother church ; hence they, in connection with Rev. Isaac Shook, of Tennessee, formed what they desired and finally were permitted to call it the "Cumberland Presbyterian church." It was made up largely from members of the old Buffalo Presbyterian church. The first membership (August, 1835) was forty-two. It has flourished well and had many strong pastors, including Revs. Shook, Thomas Thomas, Ezra K. Squire, D. D., A. D. Hail, D. D.. W. G. Archer and others of later days. In 1895 they oc- cupied their second church building, a fine brick church.
UNITED BRETHREN CHURCH.
There are now. in this county, the following United Brethren churches : The Cambridge churches, the Four Mile Hill church, the one at Gibson, the one at Senecaville and one at Chestnut Hill.
The Otterbein United Brethren church, near Four Mile Hill, east of Cambridge, in Centre township, was formed many years ago. It now has a membership of fifty-four. Its house of worship consists of a frame structure,
GUERNSEY COUNTY, OHIO. I 5 5
thirty by fifty feet, now valued at two thousand five hundred dollars. Tin's is served by the pastor of the Second church of Cambridge, at present, and has
been for three years.
The Madison avenue United Brethren church, at Cambridge, was organ- ized in August, [891, by Rev. I. Dennis, pastor. The charter members were Peter Grudier and wife, Mrs. Naff, Mis. R. Evans, Miss Anna Bailey and Joseph Moore. The following winter seventy-five members were received into the church from a revival conducted by Reverend Dennis. The present num- ber of active members is two hundred and seventy-six.
The following; have served as pastors: Rev. W. S. Coder. [893; Rev. A. M. Shepherd. 1K94: Rev. J. S. Jones, from [895 to i<k>4: Rev. W. S. White, from 11)04 to 1906; Rev. \Y. O. Siffert, 1906 to 1911.
The society purchased the Madison avenue school property in [892 for one thousand five hundred and ten dollars and have remodeled the building and built a good parsonage. The present value of the church property is fixed at seven thousand five hundred dollars and free from dehts.
The Second United Brethren church, located in East Cambridge, on the road leading- to Byesville, was organized by Rev. \Y. O. Siffert. of the First United Brethren church of Cambridge, September 6, lgc'S. The charter mem- bers were as follows: James H. Barrow, Mrs. J. II. Barrow, Mrs. J. H. Buck- ingham. Cecil Buckingham, Mr. and Mrs. Landman, Charles Landman, Martha Landman. Ernest Landman, J. H. Hollett. Mrs. J. H. Hollett. II. W. Thatcher. Mrs. H. \Y. Thatcher. Mabel Thatcher, Mrs. Jane Willis, Maud Willis, Mrs. Maud Biggs, Mrs. Lizzie Bebout. J. D. Olliver.
Rev. C. C. Slater began his pastorate — the church's first — October 4, [908. A frame church was erected, twenty-eight by forty feet in size, costing one thousand two hundred dollars. The present membership of this society is one hundred and four.
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH.
Christ's Evangelical Lutheran church, at the corner of South Ninth street and Madison avenue, Cambridge, was organized September 9, 1901. There were twenty-two charter members and at present the church enjoys a member- ship of one hundred.
The pastors who have served this society are as follows: Rev. O. Z. Horshman, 1901 to 1904; Rev