Classification of $g$-modes for neutron stars with a strong transition: Novel universal relation including slow stable hybrid stars

[2510.06463] Classification of $g$-modes for neutron stars with a strong transition: Novel universal relation including slow stable hybrid stars Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in High Energy Physics - Phenomenology arXiv:2510.06463 (hep-ph) [Submitted on 7 Oct 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 24 Aug 2026 (this version, v2)] Title: Classification of $g$-modes for neutron stars with a strong transition: Novel universal relation including slow stable hybrid stars Authors: M. C. Rodriguez , José C. Jiménez , Ignacio F. Ranea-Sandoval View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: We investigate the behavior of the non-radial gravity-pulsation discontinuity $g$-mode in neutron stars with a strong first-order phase transition which give rise to hybrid-star configurations. These modes are of utmost relevance since they can be potentially excited in isolated as well as binary neutron star systems in the inspiral phase, thus allowing us to indirectly detect the presence of a deconfinement transition. In order to do this, we consider four categories of hybrid stars that present distinctive features in their equations of state. We employ the constant speed of sound parametrization, which accounts for a sharp phase transition between confined hadronic matter and deconfined quark matter. Then, working within the relativistic Cowling approximation to obtain the frequencies of non-radial oscillations, we find that, depending on the hybrid star category, the relations between discontinuity $g$-mode frequencies and masses as well as tidal deformabilities display a highly distinct behavior across the diverse hybrid star categories that appear in the slow hadron-quark conversion regime. This distinct phenomenology provides smoking-gun evidence to clearly distinguish and further classify hybrid stars with a strong transition from purely hadronic stars using upcoming gravitational-wave data. In addition, we present for each of the categories studied the relation between the $g$-mode frequency and the normalized energy density jump. Finally, we present a novel universal relation for the discontinuity $g$-mode able to encompass the four categories including long branches of slow stable hybrid stars and address its asteroseismological capability. Comments: 20 pages, 10 figures. Some technical details and minor clarifications were added. It matches the PRD version Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ; High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE); General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) Cite as: arXiv:2510.06463 [hep-ph] (or arXiv:2510.06463v2 [hep-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2510.06463 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Related DOI : https://doi.org/10.1103/55dr-mdxr Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources Submission history From: José Carlos Jiménez Apaza [ view email ] [v1] Tue, 7 Oct 2025 20:58:49 UTC (394 KB) [v2] Mon, 24 Aug 2026 20:01:30 UTC (391 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: hep-ph < prev | next > new | recent | 2025-10 Change to browse by: astro-ph astro-ph.HE gr-qc nucl-th References & Citations INSPIRE HEP SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer ( What is the Explorer? ) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers ( What is Connected Papers? ) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps ( What is Litmaps? ) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations ( What are Smart Citations? ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv ( What is alphaXiv? ) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers ( What is CatalyzeX? ) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub ( What is DagsHub? ) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub ( What is GotitPub? ) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face ( What is Huggingface? ) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast ( What is ScienceCast? ) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate ( What is Replicate? ) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces ( What is Spaces? ) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI ( What is TXYZ.AI? ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower ( What are Influence Flowers? ) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender ( What is CORE? ) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender ( What is IArxiv? ) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. 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