Understanding the structure of nucleon excitations from their wavefunctions

[2604.10038] Understanding the structure of nucleon excitations from their wavefunctions Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in High Energy Physics - Lattice arXiv:2604.10038 (hep-lat) [Submitted on 11 Apr 2026 ( v1 ), last revised 25 Aug 2026 (this version, v2)] Title: Understanding the structure of nucleon excitations from their wavefunctions Authors: Jackson A. Mickley , Waseem Kamleh , Derek B. Leinweber , Finn M. Stokes View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: Relativistic wavefunctions of nucleon excitations are scrutinised to understand their node structure and the underlying role of local interpolating fields in generating the nucleon spectrum. In addressing quark model perspectives, approximately 4000 propagators are employed on the heaviest PACS-CS ensemble at $m_\pi \simeq$ 702 MeV. We examine the ground and four lowest-lying excited states at zero momentum for both positive- and negative-parity spectra, where the proton's d-quark wavefunction is calculated about the two u quarks at the origin. This is achieved using two local interpolating fields that each carry the quantum numbers of the nucleon but with differing spin-flavour structures, one of which vanishes in the nonrelativistic limit. We find that two distinct types of wavefunction nodes are manifest: "superposition nodes" formed through a linear combination of interpolating fields, and novel "built-in nodes" that are fundamentally built in to the s-wave Dirac components of an individual interpolating field. These are investigated qualitatively through visualisations in the form of both volume and surface renderings, and quantitatively by the calculation of radial wavefunctions. Combined, these findings build a comprehensive picture of the single-particle nucleon spectrum and how its properties derive from fundamental lattice operators. Comments: 29 pages, 22 figures. Version accepted for publication Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat) ; High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph); Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) Report number: ADP26-09/T1306 Cite as: arXiv:2604.10038 [hep-lat] (or arXiv:2604.10038v2 [hep-lat] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.10038 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Journal reference: Phys. Rev. D 114, 034519 (2026) Related DOI : https://doi.org/10.1103/fyd3-cqj1 Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources Submission history From: Jackson Mickley [ view email ] [v1] Sat, 11 Apr 2026 05:21:00 UTC (29,928 KB) [v2] Tue, 25 Aug 2026 04:31:21 UTC (30,387 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: hep-lat < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: hep-ph nucl-th References & Citations INSPIRE HEP NASA ADS Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer ( What is the Explorer? ) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers ( What is Connected Papers? ) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps ( What is Litmaps? ) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations ( What are Smart Citations? ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv ( What is alphaXiv? ) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers ( What is CatalyzeX? ) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub ( What is DagsHub? ) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub ( What is GotitPub? ) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face ( What is Huggingface? ) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast ( What is ScienceCast? ) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate ( What is Replicate? ) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces ( What is Spaces? ) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI ( What is TXYZ.AI? ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower ( What are Influence Flowers? ) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender ( What is CORE? ) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs . Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax ( What is MathJax? ) We gratefully acknowledge support from our major funders , member institutions , and all contributors. About · Help · Contact · Subscribe · Copyright · Privacy · Accessibility · Operational Status (opens in new tab) Major funding support from

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