Exponential enhancement of sensitivity in Ramsey interferometry with optically thick ensemble of atoms

[2505.13146] Exponential enhancement of sensitivity in Ramsey interferometry with optically thick ensemble of atoms Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Quantum Physics arXiv:2505.13146 (quant-ph) [Submitted on 19 May 2025 ( v1 ), last revised 26 Aug 2026 (this version, v2)] Title: Exponential enhancement of sensitivity in Ramsey interferometry with optically thick ensemble of atoms Authors: S.A. Moiseev , K.I. Gerasimov , M.M. Minnegaliev , I.V. Brekotkin , E.S. Moiseev View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: Ramsey interferometry is a cornerstone technique for precise measurement of time and frequency in modern clocks. The Ramsey experiments are typically done in optically dilute samples of atoms to improve homogeneity and avoid back-action of atoms on excitation pulses. In contrast to later belief, we predict and experimentally show that in optically thick samples with inhomogeneous broadening of resonant transition, the back-action can lead to the highly enhanced narrowing of Ramsey resonance. The linewidth narrowing and corresponding precision of the frequency measurement scale exponentially with an increase in optical depth of a sample and can reach the limits set by homogeneous broadening. We show that this effect is caused by a nonlinear interference of multiple echoes formed inside the atomic medium, which is experimentally confirmed with $^{167}\text{Er}^{3+}$ ions in $\text{Y}_2\text{SiO}_5$ crystal. Our findings open new opportunities for nonlinear high-resolution spectroscopy of resonant media and sensitivity enhancement in a new generation of solid state clocks. Comments: 10 pages, 5 figures Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ; Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph); Optics (physics.optics) Cite as: arXiv:2505.13146 [quant-ph] (or arXiv:2505.13146v2 [quant-ph] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.13146 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Journal reference: Moiseev, S. A., Gerasimov, K. I., Minnegaliev, M. M., Brekotkin, I. V., & Moiseev, E. S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 137(2), 023603 (2026) Related DOI : https://doi.org/10.1103/bqzh-gy4n Focus to learn more DOI(s) linking to related resources Submission history From: Sergey A. Moiseev [ view email ] [v1] Mon, 19 May 2025 14:11:56 UTC (1,419 KB) [v2] Wed, 26 Aug 2026 20:09:48 UTC (13,726 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: quant-ph < prev | next > new | recent | 2025-05 Change to browse by: physics physics.atom-ph physics.optics References & Citations INSPIRE HEP SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer ( What is the Explorer? ) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers ( What is Connected Papers? ) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps ( What is Litmaps? ) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations ( What are Smart Citations? ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv ( What is alphaXiv? ) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers ( What is CatalyzeX? ) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub ( What is DagsHub? ) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub ( What is GotitPub? ) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face ( What is Huggingface? ) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast ( What is ScienceCast? ) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate ( What is Replicate? ) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces ( What is Spaces? ) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI ( What is TXYZ.AI? ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower ( What are Influence Flowers? ) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender ( What is CORE? ) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs . Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax ( What is MathJax? ) We gratefully acknowledge support from our major funders , member institutions , and all contributors. About · Help · Contact · Subscribe · Copyright · Privacy · Accessibility · Operational Status (opens in new tab)

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