Atmosphere mitigation in CMB observations using multi-frequency time-domain component separation

[2607.21432] Atmosphere mitigation in CMB observations using multi-frequency time-domain component separation Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Astrophysics > Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics arXiv:2607.21432 (astro-ph) [Submitted on 23 Jul 2026 ( v1 ), last revised 12 Oct 2026 (this version, v3)] Title: Atmosphere mitigation in CMB observations using multi-frequency time-domain component separation Authors: Julien Tang , Shamik Ghosh , Jacques Delabrouille , John C. Groh , Oliver Jeong , Reijo Keskitalo , Theodore Kisner View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: CMB observations from ground-based observatories are limited in sensitivity by the fluctuating emission from the Earth's atmosphere, mostly due to water vapor inhomogeneities. Even in atmospheric windows, this spurious signal remains the dominant source of contamination in the data. Traditional mitigation techniques include low-frequency filtering, or for polarization measurements specifically, pair-differencing or modulation with a rotating half-wave plate. The first method filters out a significant fraction of the target cosmological signal while the second leaves residuals due to imperfections, temperature to polarization leakage, or polarized atmospheric emission. In this work, we present a new data analysis framework, based on estimation of atmosphere emission templates using a multi-frequency focal plane. The core novelty of this setup is to have detectors dedicated to atmosphere monitoring, allowing the removal of atmospheric contamination with time-domain component separation techniques. We introduce a multipole-dependent atmospheric decontamination factor $A^\mathrm{atm}_\ell$ to quantify the relative reduction of the atmospheric contamination angular power spectrum achievable with this approach. Using this criterion, we demonstrate that our component separation pipeline can outperform a classical filter-bin map-making pipeline by a factor of 4000 for $30\le \ell \le 300$. Comments: 10 pages, 12 figures. Revised version Subjects: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ; Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) Cite as: arXiv:2607.21432 [astro-ph.IM] (or arXiv:2607.21432v3 [astro-ph.IM] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2607.21432 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Julien Tang [ view email ] [v1] Thu, 23 Jul 2026 15:35:33 UTC (1,619 KB) [v2] Wed, 26 Aug 2026 20:34:47 UTC (1,625 KB) [v3] Mon, 12 Oct 2026 17:57:23 UTC (2,414 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: astro-ph.IM < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-07 Change to browse by: astro-ph astro-ph.CO References & Citations INSPIRE HEP SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer ( What is the Explorer? ) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers ( What is Connected Papers? ) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps ( What is Litmaps? ) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations ( What are Smart Citations? ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv ( What is alphaXiv? ) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers ( What is CatalyzeX? ) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub ( What is DagsHub? ) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub ( What is GotitPub? ) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face ( What is Huggingface? ) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast ( What is ScienceCast? ) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate ( What is Replicate? ) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces ( What is Spaces? ) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI ( What is TXYZ.AI? ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower ( What are Influence Flowers? ) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender ( What is CORE? ) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender ( What is IArxiv? ) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs . Which authors of this paper are endorsers? | Disable MathJax ( What is MathJax? ) We gratefully acknowledge support from our major funders , member institutions , and all contributors. About · Help · Contact · Subscribe · Copyright · Privacy · Accessibility · Operational Status (opens in new tab)

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