NOEMA3D: Extended CO, [C I] and dust in massive star-forming main-sequence galaxies at cosmic noon

[2604.18504] NOEMA3D: Extended CO, [C I] and dust in massive star-forming main-sequence galaxies at cosmic noon Skip to main content Search Submit Donate Log in Astrophysics > Astrophysics of Galaxies arXiv:2604.18504 (astro-ph) [Submitted on 20 Apr 2026 ( v1 ), last revised 28 Aug 2026 (this version, v4)] Title: NOEMA3D: Extended CO, [C I] and dust in massive star-forming main-sequence galaxies at cosmic noon Authors: Jianhang Chen , Linda J. Tacconi , Reinhard Genzel , Roberto Neri , Karl Schuster , Natascha M. Förster Schreiber , Jean-Baptiste Jolly , Stavros Pastras , Letizia Scaloni , Giulia Tozzi , Capucine Barféty , Alberto Bolatto , Andreas Burker , Françoise Combes , Pierre Cox , Ric Davies , Frank Eisenhauer , Juan Manuel Espejo Salcedo , Rodrigo Herrera-Camu , Santi García-Burillo , Tadayuki Kodama , Lilian Lee , Minju M. Lee , Daizhong Liu , Dieter Lutz , Giovanni Mazzolari , Thorsten Naab , Amit Nestor Shachar , Claudia Pulsoni , Alvio Renzini , Monica Rubio , Taro T. Shimizu , Amiel Sternberg , Eckhard Sturm , Hannah Übler , Antonio Usero , Stijn Wuyts View PDF HTML (experimental) Abstract: We present a spatially resolved study of cold molecular gas and dust in ten main-sequence galaxies at z=1.1-1.6, using observations of CO(4-3), CO(3-2), [CI](1-0), and dust continuum from the NOEMA3D survey. We find widespread spatially extended molecular gas and dust, with sizes comparable to those of the stellar disk, in contrast to those of centrally dominated starburst galaxies at similar redshifts. Among the targeted molecular gas tracers, the CO line (J=3-2 or J=4-3) remains the most effective for mapping molecular gas distribution and kinematics. The spatially resolved correlations between different molecular gas tracers exhibit about twice the scatter as their galactic-integrated correlations, indicating that interstellar medium (ISM) conditions already deviate from global averages on scales of 3-6 kpc. This likely reflects the clumpy or inhomogeneous ISM in cosmic noon star-forming galaxies. Within our sample, both the molecular gas fraction and its depletion time are nearly constant across the galactic disks out to 2xRe, supporting a global linear Kennicutt-Schmidt law. These galaxies also have relatively small bulges, with bulge-to-total ratios between 6-24%, and are actively forming stars. These results provide a resolved view of how galaxies can remain on the star-forming main sequence during their secular evolution at late cosmic noon, an evolutionary stage supported by quasi-steady gas accretion and efficient gas transport via prominent spiral arms and/or bars. Comments: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted by A&A, see also a companion paper Jolly et al. 2026, arXiv:2604.18503 Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA) Cite as: arXiv:2604.18504 [astro-ph.GA] (or arXiv:2604.18504v4 [astro-ph.GA] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.18504 Focus to learn more arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite Submission history From: Jianhang Chen [ view email ] [v1] Mon, 20 Apr 2026 16:53:44 UTC (4,711 KB) [v2] Tue, 21 Apr 2026 18:01:01 UTC (4,698 KB) [v3] Thu, 9 Jul 2026 12:53:57 UTC (4,674 KB) [v4] Fri, 28 Aug 2026 10:21:53 UTC (4,593 KB) Full-text links: Access Paper: View PDF HTML (experimental) TeX Source view license Current browse context: astro-ph.GA < prev | next > new | recent | 2026-04 Change to browse by: astro-ph References & Citations SciX Google Scholar Semantic Scholar export BibTeX citation Bookmark Bibliographic Tools Bibliographic and Citation Tools Bibliographic Explorer Toggle Bibliographic Explorer ( What is the Explorer? ) Connected Papers Toggle Connected Papers ( What is Connected Papers? ) Litmaps Toggle Litmaps ( What is Litmaps? ) scite.ai Toggle scite Smart Citations ( What are Smart Citations? ) Code, Data, Media Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article alphaXiv Toggle alphaXiv ( What is alphaXiv? ) Links to Code Toggle CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers ( What is CatalyzeX? ) DagsHub Toggle DagsHub ( What is DagsHub? ) GotitPub Toggle Gotit.pub ( What is GotitPub? ) Huggingface Toggle Hugging Face ( What is Huggingface? ) ScienceCast Toggle ScienceCast ( What is ScienceCast? ) Demos Demos Replicate Toggle Replicate ( What is Replicate? ) Spaces Toggle Hugging Face Spaces ( What is Spaces? ) Spaces Toggle TXYZ.AI ( What is TXYZ.AI? ) Related Papers Recommenders and Search Tools Link to Influence Flower Influence Flower ( What are Influence Flowers? ) Core recommender toggle CORE Recommender ( What is CORE? ) IArxiv recommender toggle IArxiv Recommender ( What is IArxiv? ) Author Venue Institution Topic About arXivLabs arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. 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